^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1 ''^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M ffiJJMiiliiiiilll ■ I THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS STATE OF CALIFOIlNI\ DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS PUBLICATIONS OF THE DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES EDWARD HYATT, State Engineer BULLETIN No. 41 PIT RIVER INVESTIGATION 1933 2706 I JBRARY UNIVER^. . Y OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACK.WtWLEDCME-NT 8 ORGANIZATION 10 ADVISORY COMMITTEES 11 FOUKWORD 12 Chapter I INTRODUCTION, Sl'MMAUY AND CONCLUSIONS 13 History of water development in area 13 Prior investigations 14 Origin and history of present investigation 14 Scope of investigation 16 Scope of report » 16 Physical and climatological features of the basin 16 Water supply 18 Use of water 20 l*roposed storage projects 21 Conclusions __ 22 Chapter II PHYSICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL. FEATURES OF THE BASIN 24 Pliysical features 24 Topographical divisions 24 Relative elevations 24 Geology 24 Forest cover 27 Soils 28 Climate 30 Prior records available 30 Climatological stations established 31 Precipitation 31 Comparison with long time records 35 Snow surveys 35 Temperature 35 Chapter III WATER SUPPLY 39 Stream gaging stations 39 Physical factors affecting run-off 40 Run-off available for irrigation 41 Run-off available for storage . 41 Perennial springs 42 Existing reservoirs .• 42 Chapter IV USE OF WATER 46 Crops 4 (J Irrigated areas 4 7 Nonirrigated agricultural areas 50 Diversions 50 Methods of irrigation 51 Water requirements 52 Return water 55 Stream administration 57 Chapter V ANALYSES OF PROPOSED STORAGE PROJECTS ^ 60 Parker creek reservoir site 61 Yankee Jim reservoir site 62 Clear Lake reservoir site 63 Jess Valley reservoir site 64 West Valley reservoir site 67 Bayley reservoir enlargement 75 Big Sage reservoir 75 Allen Camp reservoir site 77 Ash Valley reservoir site 81 Ash Creek Canyon reservoir site 85 Round Valley reservoir site 85 Willow Creek reservoir site 86 Dixie Valley reservoii- site 87 Little Valley reservoir site 88 (3) 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Appendix A Page AGREEMENT BETWEEN COUNTY OF MODOC, STATE OP CALIFORNIA, AND DIVISION OF WATER RIGHTS, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 131 Appendix B AGREEMENT BETWEEN COUNTY OF LASSEN, STATE OF CALIFORNIA, AND DIVISION OF WATER RIGHTS, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 137 Appendix C GEOLOGICAL REPORT ON UPPER PIT RIVER DAM SITES IN MODOC COUNTY 143 PUBLICATIONS OF THE DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES 149 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Run-off of I'it Rivrr near Bicber 1!' 2 Distribution of run-off I'.i .'{ Relation of forest cover to precipitation 2.S 4 Pi-ecipitation at Alturas — elevation 4360 feet, monthly, seasonal, and aver- age amounts in inches 1904-1!»31 o^! 5 Comparison of precipitation at Jess Valley, Alturas, Triangle and Bieber, 1929-1931 monthly and seasonal amounts in inches 34 6 Snow survey data for upper Pit River watershed courses, 1930 and 1931 :! 38 Estimated run-off available for storage at Round Valley reservoir site 85 3i) Area and capacity of proposed Round Valley reservoir 86 40 Analysis of proposed Round Valley reservoir 86 41 Area and capacity of proposed Willow Creek reservoir 87 42 Estimated run-off available for storage at Dixie Valley reservoir site 87 4 3 Area and capacity of proposed Dixie Valley reservoir 87 44 Estimated run-off available for storage at Little Valley reservoir site 88 45 Miscellaneous discharge measurements, upper Pit River and tributaries Sii 46 Crop yields on tvpical lands irrigated from upper Pit River and tributaries, 1930 and 1931 98 4 7 Summarv of ci-op yields on tvpical lands irrigated from upper Pit River and tributaries, 1930 and 1931 107 48 Acreage irrigated from upper Pit River and tributaries 110 49 Summary- of acreage irrigated from upper Pit River and tributaries 120 50 Discharge measurements of diversions, upper Pit River and tributaries 121 LIST OF PLATES riate Page I Map of area showing location of stream gaging and climatological sta- tions, snow courses and isohyetals or lines of equal annual precipi- tation following 16 II Major areas folloxciny 24 III Hydrogiaphs — South Fork of Pit Pviver above Likely. Pit River below Altura*;, Pit River at Gouger Neck and Ash Creek near Adin folloicino 40 IV Schematic diagram of upper Pit River stream system 48 V Seasonal net use of irrigation water 5G VI Proposed storage projects foUoicing 60 VII Jess Valley and West Valley dam sites 68 VIII Allen Camp and Ash Valley dam sites 79 Irrigation map of Pit River Basin in Modoc and Lassen counties, Cali- fornia, 1931 In Pocket { 7 ) A CKNO WLEDGMENT In making- the Pit River Investigation, the Division of Water Resources was assisted by practically every rancher and landowner in the upper Pit River watershed. The assistance derived from these contacts was invaluable in conducting the field work and in securing the desired data. Appreciation of their cooperation is hereby acknowledged. Special mention is made of the valuable assistance rendered by Messrs. Peter Gerig, Frank ]\IcArthur, T. A. Walls, J. T. Xegley and W. J. Dorris, in organizing the field investig-ation. Mr. George Cline. Modoc County Surveyor, furnished the Division's engineers with the facilities of his engineering office in the courthouse until a headquarters office for the investigation was established. Acknowledgment is made of the assistance and technical advice given by Mr. H. D. McGlashan. district engineer of the U. S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Branch, and his assistant, Mr. R. C. Briggs, in the initial work of locating suitable sites for the stream gaging sta- tions in the area. During the course of the investigation valuable assistance and cooperation was obtained from Mr. F. P. Cronemiller, Jr., supervisor of the Modoc National Forest ; also from his assistant, Mr. W. S. Brown, and other members of his staff. Mr. J. A. Quinn. manager of the local interests of the California Public Service Company, likewise materially assisted with the work of the investigation in continuously maintaining the stream gaging station on Pine Creek near Alturas. ^^Ir. J. H. Hunter, chief engineer of the Red River Lumber Company, and other employees of that company cooperated in the work by assisting in the maintenance of the stream gaging station on Horse Creek below Little Valley. Assistance in making ditch flow observations was given by Mr. A. F. Spicer, and the sons of ^lessrs. Charles Bettandorf, Joseph Royce, and Roy Williams. As a contemporaneous study cooperating with this investigation, the Bureau of Soils of the IT. S. Department of Agriculture and the Uni- versity of California Agricultural Experimental Station made a com- plete soil survey of the agricultural lands in the upper Pit River water- shed and also in the Goose Lake and Surprise Valley areas, in 1931. Certain advance data collected by this soil survey were made available to the Division by those agencies, which proved valuable as a basis of determination of the extent of agricultural lands in the Pit River area as shown in this report. The Big Valley area Avas surveyed by the Bureau of Soils in 1920, and the results were available in the report entitled "Soil Survey of Big Valley." published by the U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture in 1924. Valuable nuijis and records were furnished by the Southern Pacific. Western Pacific, and Great Northern railroad companies, and by the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. Messrs. A. M. Green and Max (8) PIT RIVER INVESTIGATION 9 Groon funiishod a onniplott' fopoLrrapliic map of tlioii- survey of the Pit River Canyon in the vieinity of IStoneeoal Valley. Mv. J. C. Jarman of Alturas furnished lenjicthly records of temperatures at Alturas. Special mention is also made of tlie members of the Permanent Committee, and of the Ri<>' Valley and Hot Si)rinf):s Valley water users' committees, who contributed to tlie investirowtli.s of natural meadow jrra.sses. Also, the lower lying bottom lands whicli were perennially in a swamjjy condition were Avholly or pai'tly reclaimed to produce a good grade of grass. By 1900 such irrigation systems and methods of irrigation had become firmly established, and the average natural flows of the streams during the irrigation season had become fully utilized in irrigating the flat floors of the valleys. The second stage in the water development has occurred since 1900, during which period many reservoirs have been created by the con- struction of storage dams to impound the melting snow flood flows for use for stock water and sui)plemental irrigation supply. This storage develojiment, altliougli of decided economic value, has resulted in only a relatively small increase in the irrigated acreage. Prior Investigations During the period from 190;} to 1915 a series of investigations were made Avhich covered the area under consideration, either in whole or in part. These early investigations were made for the pur])oses of determining power development possibilities, and the feasibility of storage for flood protection or a supplemental irrigation supply for the Saci-amento Valley. Chief among the prior investigations are the following: A stvuly of the feasibility of five reservoir sites; viz, Jess Valley, West Valley. Warm Springs Valley (Hot Springs Valley), Itound Valley, and Big Valley, made by the United States Reclama- tion Service in 1903 and 1904. The results of that study are publislied in the 1912 Report of the State Water Commission of California. A compilation of information relative to the general develoj)- ment of the Pit River basin, including data showing the extent of irrigated areas, crops, and water resources, made in 1912 by the United States Department of Agriculture with the State of Cali- fornia cooperating. This is i)ublished in the 19] 2 Report of the Conservation Commission of California (see pages 110 to 116, inclusive), and also in Journal Appendix of California Senate and A.ssembly, Fortietli Session— 191. "3. Volume 3. A hydrograjihic investigation of the entire Pit River basin. made in 1914 and 191") by the United States Reclamation Service in cooperation with the State of California. The data obtained in that investigation, as well as the pertinent data contained in the earlier reports, were published by the State of California as "Report on Pit River Basin" by Engineers E. G. Ilopson and O. W. Peterson, dated April, 1915. Records of the flow of Pit River and various of its tributaries at a number of stations within the area under con.sideration liave been obtained by the Water Resources Branch of the United States Geo- logical Survey, and are published in Water Su]iply Papers as herein- after noted under "Scope of Report.'' All of the Geological Survey sta- tions Avere discontinued jirior to the commencement of this investiga- tion, witli the exception of the station on Pine Creek near Alturas. Origin and History of Present Investigation. The need of furnishing an additional irrigation water supply to the developed lands in lln' ar«'a. and the urgency for the solution of PIT IJIVKi: I.WKSTUJATIOX 15 tliiit problem, hccnnic jii)|);n'('Jit tlinMiijr the dry ytvn's I'ollowiiijr ^9'2'^. liepcateil partial t'ailurt's of the iiatui-al irritratioii supplies during llic peak of tile ; season made it of pai'amouiit impoi'tanee to seri- ously consider jdans for further water conservation. Re(piests for a liydroi"eliniinary field investijration and vejiort by the Chief of the Division, formal authorization for the State to contribute funds toward tlie investijration wa.s received from the Director of Finance on .lune 16, 1928. It was thereafter agreed that the two counties would contribute a total of $5, ()()() jier year for thi-ee years, two-thirds of wliich to be borne by Modoc County and one-third by Las.sen County, and that the State would bear the balance of the cost of the investi- ji-ation. On November 13, 1928, and November 14, 1928. the boards of supervisor.^ of Modoc and Lassen counties, respectively, executed agree- ments with the State Division of Water Rights providing for "a com- l^i'ehensive survey for the purpose of determining various factors involved in the conservation of the flood waters of Pit River and its ti-ibutaries originating in the counties of ^Modoc and Las.sen. State of California" by the Division in consideration of the continuation of the above mentioned annual appropriations by the counties for a period of three years. Co)>ies of the agreements are submitted as Appendices A and B to this bnlletin. Following the execution of the agreements by the two counties a resident engineer with headquarters at Alturas was appointed, and the work was formally commenced abont the middle of November, 1928. Certain preliminary work in starting stream gaging stations had been done during October in order that as much as possible of the 1928-29 -•■ason's run-off could be recorded. The construction and installation of the equipment at the major stream gaging stations was com]ileted during the lattei* part of Decem- ber, 1928. and continuous records of sti-eam flow were obtained from all of these stations after January 1. 1929. From that time on during the ensuing three years the field work of the investigation was carried on to include the collection of comprehensive hydrographic data in the area. Tnnnediately following the conclusion of the field work on Sep- tember 30, 1931. arrangements were made with three of the cooperative weather station ob.servers to continue their stations, without eom])ensa- tion, as a part of the Snow Survey activities of the State Division of Water Resources, aiul arrangements were also made with tiu' Water Resources Branch of the United States Geological Survey to take over and continue the maintenance and operation of four of the critically located .stream gaging stations. The climatological stations continued are at Alturas, Jes.s Valley, ami Bieber. The .stream gaging stations continued are on the South Fork of Pit River above Likely, on the North Fork of Pit River above Alturas, on Pit River below Canby, and on Ash Creek at Adin. 16 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES Scope of Investigation. Tlie field investigation was planned and executed with two main objectives : 1. To develop such data and information as to the water supply, jj irrigated and irrigable areas, storage possibilities, etc., as would provide the basis for a jjrogram of future conservation and development within the two counties which might be recognized in any general plan for development of the water resources of the entire State that may be "ij adopted. 2. To develo]) sucli data as to the present use of water as would be necessary to define all existing water rights from Pit River and its tributaries within the two counties. Scope of Report. This report includes certain basic data collected during the course ^1 of the investigation, together with other basic data obtained by prior and contemporaneous investigations. These data are contained princi- pally in tables at the end of the report and cover miscellaneous stream flow and diversion measurements, water usage, irrigated acreage, irri- gable acreage and crop production data. Basic stream flow records col- lected both prior to and during the investigation are available in Water Supplv Pai)ers Numbers 2i)H, ;591, 511, 581, 551, 571, 591, 611, 631, 651, 671, 691, 706 and 721 of the Water Resources Branch, U. S. Geo- logical Survey. Analyses and summaries resulting from studies of basic data are presented in short tables and plates included at appro- priate ])oints in the text. The report also contains detailed discussions of the physical fea- tures, climate, water supply, present and prospective uses of water in the area, and the value of administration of the stream system. Data and conclusions concerning certain additional storage possibilities, including the engineering and construction as])ects of four ajjparently feasible projects, are discussed in the concluding chapter. This rejiort also includes an ii-rigation map of the entire upper Pit River watershed, entitled "Irrigation iMa)) of Pit River Basin." This ma}) Avas prepared from fiehl sui-veys made by the Division during the coui'se of the investigation, and shows the location and extent of irri- gated and agricultural lands, streams, reservoirs, springs, ditches, dams, roads and towns upon a base compiled from U. S. Geological Survey and r. S. Foi'cst Service nuips. The maj) will be found in the pocket at the back of this report. Physical and Climatological Features of the Basin. The extent of tlu^ area in the upper Pit River watershed considered in this investigation, and the relative geographical location of the physi- eal featui-es of the basin, are shown on Plate T. The territory involved is situated in the northeastern part of California, in the mountain plateau region east of the Sierra Nevadas. It covers an area of about 3000 square miles, with about 2000 square miles in IModoc County and 1000 s(iunre miles in Lassen County. It extends from the headwaters of the stream s\stem along the western summits of the Warner Range on the east, westerlj' to the western boundaries of Modoc and Lassen counties, and from the poorlj' defined I'l.ATK I PIT RIVER INVESTIGATION MAP OF AREA Strtair gafmf sUlions Climatolofiul stilions Sroi courses iMKyctats or lines of equd wiual prccipitalion O A —16- lKM*e1tr dnd citenl ly forest f< of *«Cf: an area of some 1100 s(iiiare niilrs, wavS not included in the ai-ea undei- this investigation, tiiouiih to|)oply of the upper Pit Rivt'i- lands. The i-eturn water from an upper area is often the only source of sup|)ly for an area downstream, and this condition of re-use occurs generallv througliout the length of the main river and I'lT hivi;r i.wkstioation 'J1 its frilmtMrios. The avtM-a^rc aiiioimt of Avatcr i-ctui'iicd from irri^rjijcd meadow lands raiiji'cs t'roin 'JO'* to -')'( of tlio amount of watoi* applied. The administration of diversions on a nuiid)er of sti'oams in the ai-ea was eari'ied on in conjunetion witli the investijj^ation. TTnder the tei'ms of tlie various aureenu'ids eoverinu' this work ('om])reliensive seheduh's of disti-ibution wei-e instituted and supervised so as to make th«> most economieal use of the avaihd)le watei". Eaeh Avater user was aff(n*(h'd a series of satisfactoi'v ii'i-i;j:ations. and aeeurate (hita of tlie use of watei" were seeured. Ry coordination of the many divei-sions alonji- th(> sti'eams. unneeessary waste was elimiiuited ; thus conserving the water sup])ly. The* data coHected in the course of this work are avaihd)h' as a basis for adjudications of water rijjhts tluit may be under- taken in the future. Proposed Storage Projects. The areas presently irriuated include practically all of the lands that can be reaclily and economically develo[)ed with the available water supply under the present systems of iri-i<>ation ; hence any material increase in irrig-ation develo))ment in the basin, either irrigation of new lands or the improviMnent of the wat(M' supply foi" the old lands, must come throujih the development of stora<>e. An analysis of the data at hand indicates that no one storafre pro- ject can be developed suitable to conserve the water sui)ply available within the basin, for the benefit of the area as a whole. Furthermore, from an economical standpoint, it does not a]i])ear feasible to develop any projects in the near future Avhich contemplate the irrigation of any considerable amount of new acreage. Accordingly, storage develop- ments discussed in this rejiort are confined to projects mainly providing a su])plemental water supply for lands now irrigated. In the North Fork ar(vi. thi-ee possible reservoir sites were given consideration, but none of these ai)pear feasible. Apparently the con- servation of watei- in this area can be accomplished only through stream administration. Four storage |)ossibilities were investigated in the South Fork area, of which either the Jess Valley oi- the West Valley reservoir .sites appeal* feasible for a su])plemental iri'igation su|)ply for the lands presently in-igated in South Fork Valley. The Jess Valley site Avould afford sup- ph'iiiental water for ].").400 acres of ])resently irrigated lands, and a com- plete supply for 1300 acres of new lands. The West Valley site would sui)ply the same acreage of irrigated land and 500 acres of new lands. ?]xclus]ve of the costs of the necessai"y reservoir sites, rights of way, water I'ights, etc., and ai)portioning the cost of construction to the pres- ent irrigated land only, the Jess Valley site could be developed at a cost to return an estimated increased net income (vf $1.49 pei- acre i)er year. The West Valley development would retui'ii an estimated increased net income of $1..")1 or $1.(-)H per aci"e ])er year, dependent upon whetluM- the South Fork Ditch or the Reversion of Cedar Creek plan is used. The costs of the Jess Valley aiul West Valley reservoir sites and the jnir- chase of the water rights necessary to the ]Jan for the Reversion of Cedar Creek, hoAvever, would materially alter the total costs of the project. These items and those involving dam foundation conditions must be investigated before a final conclusion as to the most favorable of the three ]Jans can be reached. 22 DIVISION OF WATER Rf^SOURCES Tile Hot Spriiiys Valley area offers no feasible storage project, all the reservoir sites of any note having already been developed. The Big Sage project was analyzed to ascertain whether or not the water- shed yields sufficient water to irrigate a materially larger area than is at present served from the reservoir. This analysis indicates what has been practically demonstrated since the reservoir was constructed; that the acreage served can not be materially increased. The Allen Camp Reservoir is proposed for the benefit of the lands along Tit River in Big Valley. This site is situated on the main river about 12 miles above Lookout, and would afford a supplemental water supply for 12,000 acres of irrigated land and a complete supply for some :^()0 acres of new laiul. Exclusive of the costs of the reservoir site. I'iglits of way and other easements, the project would return an estimated net increased income of $0.89 per acre per year. The costs of these items should be investigated, however, and further dam founda- tion ex])loratiou should be made, before commitment to the construction of the pi'ojeet. For relief of conditions along Ash Creek in Big Valley, the Ash Valley Reservoir site appears favorable. This project would provide sui)i>lemental water for some 9000 acres of land irrigated from Ash Creek and about 800 acres of new land. Exclusive of the cost of the reservoir site, rights of way, etc., this project could be constructed at a cost to return an estimated increased net income of $3.11 per acre per year, considering only the present irrigated land. The cost of the reser- voir site, however, would materially decrea.se such income, and must be considered in the final analysis. Other reservoirs considered for the Ash Creek area were at the Ash Creek Canyon. Round Valley and Willow Creek sites. Of these only the Round Valley site merits further uu'ntion. A reservoir could be con.strueted at Rouiul Valley to yield from 9000 to 20,000 acre-feet per annum. A lateral of the State Highway passes through the site, however, so the i)roject would involve from 5 to 7 miles of new highway construction. The estimated cost of the relocation of this lateral appears to be so high as to render the ])roject ^ impractical at this time. f Tn the Ilonse Creek area, data covering two reservoir sites Avere auHly/ed. one in Dixie Valley and the other in Little Valley. The Dixie Valley pi-ojeet would inundate moi-e iri'igated laiul tlian could be s(>rved with the available water sui)])ly. and is therefore infeasible. A reservoir in Tjittle Valley would ai)pnrently supply a safe annual yield of 5000 acre-feet, but since there are no agi'icultural lands within the tiM-ritoiw covered by the investigation which are su.scej^tible of irrigation from this source, no cost estimates were made. Conclusions. (1) There are approximately 294.000 acres of agricultural land in the upper Pit River watershed, of which about 73.000 acres are now irrigated. The adecpiate irrigation of the present lands and the 221,000 aeres of dry lands would refpiii'e the entire water crop of the drainage basin. (2) The major i)ortion of the run-off of the watershed is not physi- cally available to the agi-ieultural lands as a whole, and no one storage project can b(> developed to serve the entire area. i IMT I.MVKK INVKSTKiATION 23 (.'{) The only eonsorvatioii projects of luaj^nitiule which appear presently feasible are for developing snfTficient water to round out the ii-ri<,';iti()n i-ecpiireiuejits of binds now irri«rated in South Fork and \V\longe.'l.'" Further corrobo- ration of the existence of a body of water over the area i)rior to the great basalt lava flood is contained in this quotation from Russell (Warner Range Report previously cited) : "An extensive lake deposit immediately underlies the basalt in the eastei-n pai't of the Gardens and continues southward at lea.st as far as Likely. Fragmental fish bones occur as fossils in exposures alonsr Rattlesnake Ganyon north of Alturas. Northwest of Ganbv. leaf imiu-essions are found in similar beds." r -Jitv; 4 *. ■s -J _,r' 4 r. .fi .-'"T!: PIT RIVKR IN'VESTIOATION 25 psspntinlly concordant from base to top. with a thin capiiinjr of Warner basalt. The ]ioeket vaHeys on the western sh)i)es snch as .less VaUey, West Valley anil others, have been formed by Ihe differential uplift on their west sides along fault zones extendinj? north and south. These pockets formed lakes until the outlets eroded to such an extent as to drain them to the level of the predeposited alluvium, as they are now found. The lake which formerly occupied .less Valley is considered to have been formed by a landslide at the outlet of the valley. Flankintj the western dip of the Warner Kanjre is a ^raben. or downthrust block, of varying' -width extendinir from far into (.)resron on the north, southward throuresent a surface characterized by toi)ography quite unlike that of the recent ]\Iodoc basalts of the Modoc Lava Beds. This is I'ecogjiized by the ])eo])le living in the area who restrict the term 'Gardens' to the plateau of Warner basalt west of Goose Lake but who use the terms 'Lava Beds,' 'Burned Lava Country' or 'Lava Fields' for the continuation of the same plateau surface covei-ed by the more recent (>ffusives. The surface of the Gar- dens is I'elatively smooth aiul subdued. The Lava Bed surface is exceed- ingly irregular, large portions of it being so rough that they can not be crossed on horseback. Caves are frequent in the Lava Beds but absent from th(> Gardens and other ai'eas of Warner basalt. The I^ava Bed caves radiate out from (ilass .Mountain like si)okes from the hub of a wheel. Some of the individual caves have been explored and mapped for distances as great as 16,000 feet. These caves were the stronghold of the Indians at the time of the ^lodoe War. At places the roofs have collap.sed leaving holes commonly known as 'wells' or 'pipes.' Between such o])enings ice caves are not infreipient. Several 'natural bridges' remain standing across long caves with almost completely colla])sed I'oofs. The surface irregularity of the ]\Iodoc basalt is so great that we ai'e forced 1o the idea of very recent origin * * * certainly within Ihc last few centuries." We.st of the Modoc Lava Beds are a series of barren cinder cones, indicating recent volcanic activities. The ])romitories in that vicinity are doniiiuited by the Gla.ss ^Mountain ri(l'e. The main Pit River has traversed this range at its vontlicrn end through a deeply eroded FIT KIVEK INVESTIGATION 27 can von. Tectonic dislurbaiK'cs and ('oiis('(|iicii1 laultiii}; no douhf account for the strnctural weakness afVoi'diiiLT the crossinj^ I'or tlic stream. The mountainous area south of Bij; Valley and the Adin IMoun- tains. which exlcmls westwai'd from Soutli Fork ^fountain to the Ijassen-Shasta county line, is a mass of lava rock accumulations at a prevailiufT hijrh elevation. The area is covered with numerous broad valleys or basins. In most instances tiie bottoms (5f these basins contain terraces and table lands underlain by tufl'aceous sediments. The e.\))()sed lavas on the tianks of the mountain ridfies indicate that the overbearinj:- lava material has erupted from an intricate system of fissures and vHits. With all the evidence available, only a ])ortion of which is indicated above, it would ai)pear that prior to the ba.salt lava flood most of the area now considered in the ui)per Pit River watershed was covered with water as an inland lake or an arm of a pTeat sea. Subsequent to the i)eriod of formation of the present topo«rraph.y, evidences indicate that a series of lakes existed, coverinths. Certain evidence i)ointed to in the following- (piotation indicates that the lake covering the present South Fork and Hot Sprinirs Valley was connected to the (|uaternary lake covering the headwaters of the Klamath River. Quoting ]Mr. J. S. Dillar (V. S. G. S. :\rineral Resources. 1886. page 588), "similar infusorial deposits" are found "on Pit River and lower courses of the Klamath. They occur * * * in the beds of extinct lakes." The lakes were probably relatively short lived and the cutting down of the outlets drained them to the level of the valley floors found today. Through the combined ])rocesses of lake deposits and valley filling, the sediments in the bottom lands along the valleys have reached undeter- mined depths. The existence of organic material in the upper strata of the valley .sediments indicates that the final layers were deposited in shallow water, which was po.ssible only after the outlets of the lakes had been cut down to api)roximately the levels of the present valley floors. Forest Cover. Quoting from the Report on Pit River Basin by E. G. Ilopson and O. W. Peterson, dated A]iril. 191;"): "Climatic conditions and especially precipitation are the chief factors in determining the extent and char- acter or type of natural forest cover * * *. While .soil and light are im|)ortant i'e(|uisi1{>s, tree growth is dependent to a greater degree upon a fixed minimum average annual i)n'cii)itation than u]>on any other single factor. In general, where the annual precipitation is less than 20 inches, tree growth is scanty and com]>osed of dwarfed species which have little commercial value. An annual precipitation of over 20 inches generally results in a commercial forest cover * * *. So intimate is the relation between preeiiiitation and tree growth, however, that with information at hand regarding the ]u-(H'ipitation in any given reirion. the chai-acter of the forest )uay be detei-mined with a fair degree of accuracy. Converselv the amount and character of forest cover 28 DIVISION OF wati;r resources serves as an indication of tlie anionnt of precipitation where other records are lacking. ' ' In the western portion of tlie upper Pit River watershed, on the Big Valley Mountains, the annual precipitation averages slightly better than 20 inches. Belts of similar amounts of precipitation are found over the Adin ^lountains. On the east and north exposures, and on the upper elevations, the forest cover on the Big Valley and Adin INIoun- tains consists of a mixture of yellow june. white fir, aud incense cedar. The foothill table lands and lower slopes of these mountains are iinvariably sparsely covered Avith .iuni])or. • East of the Adin Mountains the annual supply of moistiu-e decreases, which condition is directly reflected in the character and com- jiosition of the forest cover. On the large areas of the poorer rocky soils situated between 4200 and "lOOO feet in elevation, particularly on the Devil's Garden and Rocky Prairie, the juniper type has taken pos- session because of its ability to withstand drought. On the lower table- lands and terraces slightly above the valley bottom lands, there is to be found only widely separated clumj)s of juniper, with sage brush covered ground intervening. East of Alturas, on the sloi)es of tlic Warner Range, the ])recipita- tion increases Avith the resulting change from open prairie lands near Alturas to heavy timbf>r on the upi)er slopes. Quoting in this regard from the above mentioned report : "When the Warner Mountains are reached precipitation again increases with elevation and we find the same forest law governing tlu^ com])nsiti())i and density of the stand. Tu ascending this range a belt of juniper is first encountered, then pure yellow pine on south and Avest slopes. Still higher-up betAveen 5500 and 7500 feet elevation the heaviest stands occur. These contain varying proportions of AA-hite fir and incense cedar, in addition to the yelloAv pine, and are found at their best on north and east slopes. Between 7500 and fX'OO feet eleva- tion the eff'ect of exposure and altitude is again felt and the forest reverts to a mixture- of rather unim])ortant abnormally formed trees, . or the mountains are so rocky that there is no true growth." Plate I in this rejiort can be used to give a fair nunisure of the clun-aetei- and deiisity of the forest covei". The isohyetal lines .shoAvn oil tli;i1 map of tlie ui)per Pit River Avatershed may also be interpreted to give tile forest covei- in accordance with the following table: TABLE 3 RELATION OF FOREST COVER T O PRECIPITATION Area/f lyiup hrfween Compositiou <>j Drnsity of Tsolnjeials of fwef^t covrr forrst rorrr 12" to 14" Occasional .Juniper Xi! 14" to Ifi" Spar.se to Heavy .luniper Nil Ifi" to IS" Heavy .Juniper and I..iglit Yellow Pine .''•.OOO to 10,000 b.f. per acre IS" to 20" A'ellow Pine 10.000 to 20,000 b.f. per acre 20" to 21" Yellow Pine. Wliili' I"ir and Tnren.se Cedar L'0.000 or more b.f. per acre 24" or over Red Fir, Taniarac, etc. 20.000 or less b.f. per acre Soils. The scope of tlii^ investigation does not include a detailed descrip- tion and classificatioTf of the various soil types in the area. Only a general diffei-eiitiation and d(>scription is contained in the following I'lT KIVKU INVESTIQATION 29 discussion, ffoni flu- |)(>int of view of tlio relativo airricultural vahios of tlic types of soil. As lu'retofori' refiTi'i-d to. duriuii: ]'Jol a complete soil sui-vey of the upper Pit River watershed and tlie Goose Lake and Surprise Valley areas was made by the University of California and the r. S. Department of Ajrrienlture. Bureau of Soils. The final report of that survey will contain the ilctailed information concerning: eacli of the various soils, together witli a full map of the area showin^r their location. Heretofore, a report cut it led "Soil Sui'vey of the Big Valley, California," by the V. S. Department of Aji'ricultui'e, J*)urcau of Soils, cooperating with tlu' University of California, has been publishetl. The area covered includes Big \'alley alone. The later 1981 survey includes Kound Valley near Adin as well as Hot Springs Valley and the Nortli and South Forks of Pit River. Cei-tain preliminary information has been made available to the Division of Water Resources regai'ding the location of the soils and theii- relative agricultural values. Based upon that information the agricultural lands in the upiXM- Pit Rivei' watershed have been platted as shown on the Iri'igation ^lap. In this repoi-t arable lands aie considered as agricultural lands, without regard to whether or not they are ph.vsically or economically susceptible of irrigation. As indicated in later chaptei-s tlie bulk of the nonirrigated agricultui-al lands lie above the t1ood-])lanes of the streams, and to irrigate those lands long and tortuous ditches must be con- structed, which would be quite expensive. In the following general descriptions of the soils in the upper Pit River watershed, they are classed according to their relative topographi- cal distribution, as follows: river bottom soils, valley floor border soils, soils on rolling or terrace lands, and soils on range lands. In each class the depth of the soils and the character of the substratum are the pre- dominant factors in determining their usefulness. River Botiom ^ails. The soils lying on lands below the flat flood- j>lanes of the streams consist chiefly of heavy'loams Avith clay or adobe characteristics. Along Pit Rivei- in Big Valley, Hot Springs Valley, and South Pork Valley these soils are generally comparatively^ deep, and have been developed on comjiact substratum. This group includes muck and peat, which is found in the Jess Valley Swamp, and muckj' loam, which is found in the South Fork Valley. These latter soils have very high percentages of fibrous undecayed oi'ganic matter in the upper strata and decomposed oi'ganic matter in the deeper strata. On meadows which are continuously flooded the fact that the soil may be shallow has little effect upon the croj), because the ]n-evailing liigh watei- table pi*events the growth of all deep rooted plants. Valley Floor Border So-ils. These soils lie on the gently sloping lands situated slightly above the flood-planes of the sti'eams, which lands include alluvial fans. In general the lands bordering the irri- gated meadows are shallow, consisting of loams and clay loams devel- oped on compact substream. Where these border lands are irrigated by means of ditch systems, fair stands of meadow grass are obtained, but tlie watei- holding capacity of the soils is eomi)aratively low and they ate ])rone to quickly dry out. The soils on the alluvial fans such as have been formed in Jess Vallev from ^lill and East Creeks consist 30 DR^ISION OF WATER RESOURCES chiefly of pravelly and sandy loams. They are very liorht and permeable, and require frequent irrijiations to j)r<'vent parchin tt. 4 o D £ n- rt xr (O 7 u o Hi^ r H < c > u i^ ^ c ^ 1 1 a (/3 <■ ^ < CO K ec < D ?! H H u < < T) H C < (0 z r c H u < I/, H cu X u c i 0. 3—2706 ^N^roooftci coco-^poo -^ e^ •»• 1^ o ot^c^iooo o>;d to 3 — c^ ^ ^^C4 ^ -- c3 C^J C^ — ■ ^^ f-< «-• o — — * — n i—OO t^icoo ac oico ^ oo -^ t^ CC CD 1- r*r^ coo 00 ^ »o oiia>i^ ^-^ a>:o CO — -^ Tf O l^ -O •<»< t^50 ■rt .-> (M w^ ^ « CC — CO « .^ O CO '-'•-" rt< ^ !M ^H ■<*. ^^ •-1 CM 1-1 ,— , ^ OOOO O I r r T ) -*• »o CO r-oo ooooo 05 C5 Ci Oi 31 O «C^ CO ■* lO :o r^co oa I I I I I I I I I I C5 C5 O* 3: 3; Ci C5 C5 O; Ci o ;ot^ooco W C^ -^ K C CS a f-i o Z u 34 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES <: H I U 03 U Q Z < O z H <: o c g i .J > =0 H U w u. o z O V) % < O O c 3 O < 15 c c H 2> Z o 3£ i2 HH o cc to M- CsJ CO ^ o o ** O) r^ fO o% Ci I COCO ()4 to 1!>120, tlie averaj;e si-asoiial preeipitatioii was 12.28 inches, but (lurinjr the last G years of record fi-oin 192") to liCH, the average sea- sonal precipitation was only 9.1.") inches. In other words, during the 1() years |)rior to lft20 tlie jirecipitation at Alturas avei'a- ."S SJ CO CO -^r X « CO OS CO — ' ^ .a ^ CO COCS flO QJ S W ^ c^ Q^.S o >> , , , V CO CO CO > CiOJO ^-^-jC "o CO (M C» *r* u 1^ Dat S eJ « oo-< »- t^ M ^ CO -^ (1> c o Wat onte inch o CO -^ eO >^c W3 Tf lO ."= ai ■^ Tj*-* yj « 1^ o 55 05 CO CO CO j3 fe m -^ OS CO CM Cvj i-i OJ X « Q^.S ^ ?? o oo S? CO coco > Oi OS OS a CO Cm o CO— ^t^ coc^ V '71 f- *- o oo a o o o o IC W U5 '^ tCiC^c > , V JiO s fJessVal thwest of f Adin..- o u o o t. o ^ o ^ so C ^ V ^ V xr= X s a— •SvjjE ■^ roxiniately ISO days. The prevailinpr teniperatui-e durinir the spi-iii;:' and sumniei- seasons is the ini|iortant factor in detei-inininir the rate and (piantity of run-off fi-om any jriven amount of precipitation, whether in the form of rain or snow, and in determininjr the water re(piirements for irriirated lands during- the jrrowinjr season. Table 7 is a summary of the temjjerature record at Alturas for twenty years. Table S shows a comparison of the summarized records of daily temperatures collected at the four climatological stations main- tained in connection Avith this investigation. TABLE 7 SUMM.\RY OF TEMPERATURE AT ALTURAS, IN DEGREES FAHRENHEIT ELEVATION 4360 FEET Lensth of Record 20 years Month Mean Mean maximum Mean minimum Maximum Minimum 27.9 33 2 38.4 45.6 51.9 59 5 67.2 65.0 55.9 47.5 38 1 29 6 39.5 44.8 52.3 61.3 68.7 78.2 89.0 83.5 76.4 66 3 52.3 41.8 16.3 21.5 24.3 29.9 35.2 40.7 45.3 42.3 35.4 28.7 23.8 17.3 69 69 79 87 98 98 104 105 98 93 77 67 -32 February , -- —20 March " —29 April 11 May -.. 15 June. 24 July 29 .\u^st - _ 24 September 15 October 7 November* —2 December —23 .\nnua* - - 46.6 62.8 30 1 105 -32 *1P .vear record. Effects on Run-off. "When the prevailiiifr temperature during storms is above freezing, direct and immediate ruii-of!' results, but when the prevailing temperature is equal to or below^ freezing, precipitation in the form of snow causes little or no immediate surface run-off. In this latter case, Avhen there is an accumulation of snow, its final contribution to the .stream flow will depend to .some extent upon whether continued freezing w^eather prevails or whether there are thaws. If freezing prevails during the spring months a larger portion of the accumulation will be dissipated, by direct evaporation from the snow itself, thus making the snow pack of less value to increase or pro- long stream fiow. Effects on Crops. During the growing season, warm temperatures and sunshine are the imi>ortant factors in producing full crops, pro- viding there is available the soil moisture required to support the rate of growth. Prevailing warm tempei-alures incivase conve\ance losses, soil evaporation and i)lant transpiration, and hence increase the water requirements. Under such conditions, however, maximum crop yields obtain. While prevailing cool weather reduces water requirements, a shorter stand will occur, with a correspondinglj- lower yield. 38 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES < 1-^ Oi u CQ U Q Z < O z < a; H U > w va u I Z u < w u u b: o u Q is > a I •a a 3 a lCt^C0'**«CM—«b-CC^-C^t*O — lO ^ iC CO as •■ t -«»<—> Oi U» C^J oaod if5-^-'<»'0^ o CO ° > -^ >■ 1:' ' 1 £ g = o- Q." 5-= =J n 3 > o =3 t a> -I - - 3 1) - channel condi- tions and to insure a fLxed stage-disehar- I X33J ONOOSS Nl 1 ^ 1 r Mill £- ~JA i LM 3 — II III II HYOROGRAPHS OF SOUTH FORK PIT RIVER ABWE LIKELY FDR THE SEASONAL YEARS 1929-1930-1931 ^ ^^ K ^ 'y ^ 1 ~^ c^'' f'l =. ;^' Vj \ r-^ ^T ;• -^ ?^ ji J> ^: 5 — -■■■ r-;: — ^ ^ c„_ — ^ ^ — ..-r- - % =^ 1 _ X ^-. ^ 1 V s -= ^ *_. - > Z^ i ^ — P" _^- -^-- "~~- — — — ■\-- ZX J^ ^ i 1 *= :»' 2^ > ^ =^ -^ ^ 1 O) LSr ' s s ■ _J = 1= ■ -■-■::. . ___. z. r < is - — "* ^^r ^ ' * s - "T '-^ J - ^ __, 3 '"~~ "= S. ■^* ■ "* g 1 ^ -i'. 1 ..= ; ==: 1 ;( ^ e 5 1 1 1 1 1 Sh X31i 0N(»3S Ml MtffViMO Alrrt 1 ^ Mill 3 < _^ r tij tn^bl V i " ^-^^^ipi -Jo ' £ E - --• -, „ 1 -^ >r^ >■ 1:11 u ;-> nOSlO ^W 1 s III! <- V HYOROGRAPHS OF PIT RIVER AT GOUGER NECK FOR THE SEASONAL YEARS 1929-1930^531 * 7*« a ^ ^ rii ^a ''..^ A = . — /I ~ -n- -^ i ... — fcj "?) „ ^ r^ ^ i !3 ; ^ < — ^ ) _ 7 ,.-- -xrii ;:.::,. -= r [ i •"^ ■..-.■.;.... . r -*- , / .Z' — ==, ^-^-r_ rA III i ^te^"' -== ._- .--_T 7-- =r^-^- < s4. ,.,. /Tt^ , if, =r^ ';^. <- — .-* e '=^ = (L. — — — — — - ■™, — J _^ : — S — ' — ' ^ — ,^-.. — — 1 ^ ! '^ I — '-k s §- =4- ^ . _^ g - ~ -s' 1? „ > ^ III J ^?^ < i ^J"* . -s ^ \ ?r g "" ? - I 1 i i i 1 i § 1 1 i ? § « i33i 0NO33S Nl 30«¥H:>SI0 Alrvo 1 s Mill 4 3 K) ^ ^ < UJ ~ (Q ^ ^- 3 ^i-u (0 ^2 1 5 QC ■^ e Tl' \ ^ r 1 — i-- L>^ > ■ ■; ^^•^^ 3 _^ ^ =5 , =?= — -^ _. - .^=i — — t^ j^ i ::> £= '~- := > 1 ■ — ]i _.- ■" /_ ,,^_ =? .-^- ■^-'-- 1 =^ ^y ~"^ ,^ ^i. :.-. - V? <-, — ■V1 1 f __- ^ Z' "t K — = — =: =. ;^ — ™ H -~A 1 £?- i 1 ^-r^^ .7" ^'■^ fer- 3 5 ■~i _^ i 3 3 ~- — - — 7 — ■ "" -'-_ S 1 1- { s- -, \._ ^ — s ii ^ " ^ 1 S 8 g 8 g 1 3 1 S S « « 133J ONoaSS Nl 3^W«OS10 ATIVO FMT HIVKK I.WKSTIGATION 41 Li.') per ooiit of tlic avon consist iiiir of stcrj) iiionntriiii sides, tends lo somewhat tlatten out the peaks of run-ott' which occur. Clayey soils deveh)pe(l on basalt rocks or consolidated substrata ju'edoniinate over the area, causinjr a slow rate of jienneability ; hence heavy rains ajid rapid thaws cause almost immediate increments to the surface streams. Run-off Available for Irrigation, The irri irrigation water su])|ily results from a combination of melting- snow and rain, and usually exceeds the demand. During: June the su])ply usually decreases very rapidly due to the warmer weather, the exhaustion of the wet-weather springs, and the lack of residual snow. During years of subnormal run-oif, plant requirements have exceeded the water supi)ly by the end of June, caus- ing shortages of water in the lower reaches of the various streams. The exceptions to these conditions are on the streams deriving their flows from j)erennial sju-ings ; ])articularly Ash Creek, Willow Creek, Widow Valley Creek, llorse Creek, and Toms Creek. During the last three weeks of July, Avhicli constitutes the meadow haying season over the major portion of the area, the demand for water decreases to small amounts and there is a surplus caused by two factors; the decrease in plant evaporation and transpiration, and the release of ponded irrigation water. The amounts of released water during years of more i)lentiful sujjply have necessitated the construction of various by-pass channels to ])revent flooding of the river bottom lands during the haying season. Following the meadow haying season, and beginning about Aug- ust 1, the natural water supply along Pit River and its tributaries reaches its lowest stage. During- the course of this investigation it was observed that along many sti'eams there was insufficient stock water at times during August, September and October. Beginning about October 15th, tlie advent of cooler weather decreases eva))oration and transjiiration losses, and the stream flows show a sufficient increase to satisfactorily supply the stockwatering demands. Run-off Available for Storage. It is assumed that all run-off occurring during the period between November 1st of each year and April 1.5th of the succeeding year, is available for storage. In addition there Avill be a certain amount of surplus run-off available for storage during the period between April 15th and about June 1st. It is impossible to make any accui-ate estimate of this latter amount due to the fact that the existing water rights in the upper Pit River area have not been defined. Accordingly in the estimates of the run-oft' available for storage made in this re]iort, the surplus water occurring during the period from April 15th to about June 1st has not been included, such exclusion being on the side of conservatism. IMT RIVEK l\Vi:STI0AT10N 41 'J.') |M'r ct'iil of tlu' ;iri';i consist inj; of steep luouiitiiin sides, tends to sonipwliat flatten ont the peaks of rnn-off wliieh occnr. ft Clayey soils clpvoloj^od on basalt roeks or consolidated snhstrata predominate over the area. cansin«r a slow rate of i)enneHliiiity ; hence heavy rains and rapid thaws cause almost immediate increments to the surface streams. Run-off Available for Irrigation. The irriyatiny season in the npper Pit River watershed during? average years extends from about April 15th to about September 30th, with stockwatering: requirements usually exteiulinjj to about Novem- ber 1st. Durinji- April and May the irrigation water sujiply results from a combination of melting snow and rain, and usually exceeds the demand. During June the supply usually decreases very rapidly due to the warmer weather, the exhaustion of the wet-w(>ather springs, and the lack of residual snow. During years of subnormal run-off, plant requirements have exceeded the water supply by the end of June, caus- ing shortages of water in the loAver reaches of the various streams. The exceptions to these conditions are on the streams deriving their flows from ]ierennial springs; particularly Ash Creek, Willow Creek, "Widow Valley Creek, Horse Creek, and Toms Creek. During the last three weeks of July, which constitutes the meadow- haying season over the major portion of the area, the demand for Avater decreases to small amounts and there is a surplus caused by two factors ; the decrease in plant evaporation and transpiration, and the release of ponded irrigation water. The amounts of released water during years of more jilentiful sujiply have necessitated the construction of various by-pass channels to prevent flooding of the river bottom lands during the haying season. P Following the meadow haying season, and beginning about Aug- ust 1. the natural Avater supply along Pit River and its tributaries reaches its lowest stage. Durinu' the course of this investigation it was observed that along many streams there was insufficient stock water at times during August. September and October. Beginning about October 15th, the advent of cooler weather decreases evai)oration and transi)iration losses, and the stream flows show a sufficient increase to satisfactorily supply the stockwatering demands. Run-off Available for Storage. It is assumed that all run-off occurring during the period between November 1st of each year and April 15th of the succeeding year, is available for storage. In additio7i there will be a certain amount of surplus run-off available for storage during the period between April 15th and about June 1st. It is impossible to make any accurate estimate of this latter amount due to the fact that the existing water riiihts in the u])per Pit River area have not been defined. Accordingly in the estimates of the run-oft' available for storage made in this report, the sur])Ius water occurring during the jieriod from April 15th to about June 1st has not been incliuled, such exclusion being on the side of conservatism. 42 DIVISION OK WATER RESOURCES In <>'eneral, areas below 6000 feet produce flood run-oflP occurriiif!: during February, ]\Iareh and the fore part of April, Aviiile areas above 6000 feet do not produce sucii run-off until late in April and during ]\Iay. Accordingly most of tlie tlood run-off from the watersheds imme- diately tributary to Big Valley and Hot Sjjrings Valley, and from the plateau and table lands of the North Fork and South Fork valleys, occurs prior to April loth and is subject to conservation by storage; while that from the streams heading on the summits of the Warner Range does not occur until after the irriitation season commences and can not safely be considered as available for storage. P^or an indication of the surplus run-off' which has occurred from the entire upi)er Pit River watershed during the period between Novem- ber 1st and A])ril 15th reference is made to Table 1 on page 19. Addi- tional tabh^s showintj- amounts of water available at various ])r()posed resei-voir sites are ineluded in Chapter V. Perennial Springs. Tlu> most reliable sources of water su|)|)ly in tlu- upper Pit River basin are the perennial springs, which are located at various places in the area. Of particular interest are the springs in the territory south of Likely, those on the floor of Ash ^' alley, and those on Widow Valley, Willow, Toms and Horse creeks. The largest are the si)rings on the floor of Ash Valley, which are open ponds one foot to forty feet in diameter. There are countless numbers of the.se spring holes covering an area of nearly 2000 acres. The combined flow from them averages approximately 17 second-feet, witli very little fluctuation throughout tlie entire year. The fact that tlie.se springs show no apparent diminution even during or following the driest years of record indicates that the source of the water is a large, deep-seated underground reservoir. The temperature of the water is uniformly about 40 to 50 degrees, Fahrenheit. The springs on Horse Creek, Widow Valley Creek, and Willow Creek are also of the same characti-r. The average flow of Horse Creek is approximately 7 second-feet ; of Widow Valley apiiroximately 6 sec- ond-feet, and of Willow Creek approxinuitely 5 second-feet. The combined flow of all of the sjjrings in the vicinity of Likely is approximately 15 second-feet. Existing Reservoirs. Some 53 reservoirs have been constructed in the upper Pit River basin, with an aggregate capacity of about 140,000 acre-feet. Tn prac- tically all instances these reservoirs are located in shallow depressions on the va.st exjianse of i)lateau table lands which rim the major valley floors. With one excei)tion. tlici-e arc no reser\'oirs situated on the main channels of the river and its major tributaries. The exception is the Toreson (I'allard) Rcsci-voir on Toms Creek .south of the town of Canby, which is in the relatively deep canyon of the stream and impounds the run-off" from the drainage area above, and in addition is suj)])lied by j)erennial springs in the channel of the creek. As the remaining reservoirs are not located on "livinti- streams." they are dependent upon short duration run-off' of high intensity, in most cases from relative! V small contributory watersheds. I'll' KM\i:i; IWKSTIOATION 43 The reservoirs raiiire in eapaeity froin ;") aere-feet to TT.OOO acre-feet for the r>iig Sag(> Reservoir lead to two conclusions : (1) Percolation through the bottom and sides of the i-eservoir is negligible. (2) The rate of daily loss in dejith varies with the season. Tlie first conclusion is based upon records during the winter and spring, when evaporation was considered as negligible. It is ])rol)abIy accounted for by the fact that there is a practically impervious layer of clay over the bottom and sides of the reservoii-. The reasons for the second conclu.sion are too obvious to re({uire comment. Data as to losses from the Essex Reservoir were limited owing to the small amount of water that could be observed, but in general the results agree with those foi" Big Saije. u DIVISION or WATER RESOURCES < < z o H < O H u > CT> _ H OS H b o > a u a: 'i< Is cic^ccr^ — r^-^ — *i — ^i»/^C:^roi^— ^-— '^sc-* — CI— — — o-<^Q0rc-^cc^^^-i-'5 ^ °3 irt :C O *flQC O — < -^ * : : '^ S O *f2 O C^ r^ — ~ 00 t-t "T L*^ »0 O O tfi C-1 00 O 1^ ^ ~ •■^■»S"Ccro3; mif^o — •oou'^;C'^:c— • -^rcaooocc-fr •z.-r.-J~.-r.-J^- :ZZ5,rX2;2 Z'^^Z :9 ■•A O z ^ J<1 • CO ■ jx: Ji! , A ;S c =: . X :/; 1 c3 :3 a; :l^ o^^ o- 3 M -fcJ ^J -fcj *:> C-j o p j; £"s^ i;z.-=^ o c - ^ C3 c .-; rt-^i^ =i 3 o ■r--r^ -»-T* rs-r'r'-i^ C3 HH-Jfc. HZ 1 h. 1 1 : ;2 : .1 r V 1 1 > 1 I 1 1 1 1 > 1 . , ,t5 > ■S :-i ; :g:| ! \ -^^ s io ;■» : £ : : £ • ;ch -*» S^ 1 Jrf^ -^i fe ca » > ■ S-5 1 1 • > a, 1 c . .00 £ ;^0:S20 • ^-«*3 .55 c 1 Slough - ry to Sou e (Devils rv to Hat ry to Pit ry to Ash £ o'S "So P ^a-z I- **-^ a. • 2 H >. &I a a a -1 - a - a a a M n Ci n K rt r; ^ C :5 c3^ ppa« 3-^ = y = 3 = -=2-5 5 = S 2 — ^=3 = -^ Ot^-;^ °X. c n-c t; E cnc n'C c c •- OSijS H GOE-ZHE- H fc.H<:E-HHE-ZOE-Hf-HQ o «.2 !&§§ y: KS3 o o -C-C «a«3 « «^-'.r assis: O 3 « > o c. . ox o 5 i ■sffl -=5 c: 9 m 00 -r be M £ = = — c c , o :5U .00 s ■A JO S >> iJ ancQ II 003 &C bC QC •IM o o JZZ C9 cn U3 ~ -■^illl n •a CQ Q a: g-5 o ^ i 2 g &:^ 5 wffi v: 1^ U O) V vp^ a -: --. ^. Z V\T UIVER INVESTIGATION 45 ^ ^CJ • -^ ^ 3J U5 iO PO ;0 CO fC CO ^ u u] U3 u Cz3 ti3 u ;i3 u b:] Ci3 u u u Ed H :3Q x y: :^. :^: S', ?; :2: z :?: X, :^ X x x -^ x. x ' I ■ ; > fe ;« > i<*j jJ.J ■ PL, ;5 • 'J. o M SS 1 OO O « 3 . a> £; a t. I. > >-° , S rt ■ ' , > « CO ,.n -O c '-a •-;:o — t t -^-^ « '-«— rt >> - o bbbt^ 5>.-^ £^ o Si's h t. 0! oo m . 03 S CJ ■a s 3 3 aO — =Tt "^ J3 N =:— "S £ c = C B O M ^■e o n E-&- a: HHE- t-« ■^HK HJ-H^ id H .13 . OK i-S- o ;-- '5 e- ., r, ~ — '•8 > o ■ — £ ^ . , s ca >> Q es Q. S , o 53d s sex 4 ^ . OJ !^ CO •^ tie • V U A « I. o o.a3 3J T3 a a o 1^ 2 o H "V T3 f tf ■*» (1> n C3 fr Sm s^ o X r^ CO ca o >» & & ^ oa •2 o .2 -4^ a rt. '^ QO 46 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES CIIAPTEK TV USE OF WATER Crops. The major crop in tlie upjKn' Pit River area is meadow grass hay, varying in ([uaiity fi-om lean ^vater grass grown on continuously saturated meadows to rich meadoAv grass growing where water is applied intei'mittently. In most areas the natural meadow grasses have been fortified by the sowing of foreign meadow grasses and clovers which are adai)ted to sijiiilar conditions. There is only one cutting of meadow hay per season, occurring during July, at full maturity. Following haying the meadows are again irrigated with whatever water is available, to produce a stand of grass 2 to 10 inciies high before cold weather sets in. This latter growth is very valuable for fall pasturage purposes, as it offers the highest type of feed to finish beef cattle before shipi)ing to market. Approxinuitely 65 per cent of the total irrigated ai-ea in the basin is devoted to meadow hay. The high (puility "bunch grass" range lands of the plateaus and mountains, together with the green fall pas- turage and the meadow hay available for winter feed, make a balanced livestock industry normally yielding substantial profits. The amount of dry farming in the area is comparatively small The principle dry land crops are rye, barley and wheat, in order of importance. The i)roduction of these crops has decreased during the past two decades owing to the improvement of transjiortation facilities. Prior to about 11)10 these isolated communities were dependent largely upon their own resources for bulk food products such as cereals, fruits, and vegetables. Flour mills formerly in operation at many ])laces throughout the ai-ea are now abandoned. Alfalfa is an important croj) on the irrigated lands of the plateaus and sloping lands above the flood-planes of the streams. The acreage producing alfalfa is approximately 12 per cent of the total area of irrigated land in the basin. Orchards and gardens, though numei'ous, are not on a commercial scale. However, the quality of their produce is very high, and with the development of sufficient demand, potatoes and apples could be raised in the area which Avould compete with the best commercial grades. Detailed croj) production census for the area was taken in 1930 and l!)."n. The data Avere obtained by means of blanks pi-epared by the Division and filled out l)y the water users, and a summary of such information for the entii-e area is given in Table 10. Comjilete data of crop production for tlie indivitlual ranches are contained in Table 46 and a summary of these data arranged by areas is given in Table 47, both submitled ;it llie end of tliis re])ort. ! I'll- I.MVKi; IWKSTIOATIOX 47 TABLE 10 SUMMARY OF CROP YIELDS 1930 AND \^il Crop Alfalfa Meadow hay Cirain hay... Mixed bay.. Barley Oats Uve Wheat Sugar l)eets. Stock beets.. Potatoes Orchard Garden Pasture.. .. 1930 Avcr:iKO num- ber of irri- gations 2.4 5.4 1.9 0,5 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.1 3.0 No data 3.5 4.6 10.9 7.3 tYield per acre 1.8 tons 1 . 5 tons 1.0 tons 1.0 tons 11.8 sacks 13 . 3 sacks 7. 6 sacks 7 . 4 sacks 2.0 tons 6 tons 87 . 8 sacks 2 4 tons 0.5 tons 1931 .\vpraKpnuni- l)er of irri- gations 1.0 3.9 12 1.0 1.0 1.0 10 13 2.0 None 2.3 4.7 8.6 4 4 tYield per acre 1 4 tons y tons y tons 0.8 tons 6.0 Backs •25 sacks No data 8 . 2 sacks Failure None 65 7 sacks 7 tons No data tThe average yield in 1930 was estimated to be about 80'"^ normal and that in 1931 about 40^7 norma!. •Report from 2 acres, only. irrigated Areas. The irrigated areas p'pnerally fall into the six topofrraphically separ- ated divisions previously mentioned. The problems of water supply and use of water for each of these divisions are more or less independent of the remainder of the watershed, except as atfected by return flow from the district immediately upstream. The major jiortion of the irrijjated areas are bottom lands adjaceni to the main streams. Advantage is taken of the natural lay of the sloughs and channels below the flood-plane of the streams to spread the waters across the meadows. The Irrigation ^Maji shows the irrigated areas in green color. The data as to these areas were platted on the ground on a st-ale of a (juarter of a mile to the inch. This work was done during the fall seasons of each of the three years of the investigation, the flooded condition of thi- irrigated lands making it impractical to survey them prioi- to haying. Lands under irrigation at the time of the survey, or which were ii-ri- gated in 1928, l}t29. or 1980, Avere classified as irrigated lands. A sciiematic diagram showing the main irrigated areas and their sources of water su])ply is presented on Plate IV. The iri'igated lands in the basin are summarized in Table 11. The basic data for this summai-y are contained in Table 48 at the end of the report. This latter table shows the acreage irrigated under each ownership, with its source of water supply. The ownerships were taken from the county a.ssessor's plats, and cliecked in the field at the time of survey. Although corrections due to changes of ownerships were mad*^ in some cases, all changes in ownership to the fall of 1931 may not have been noted. The property owners are not shown on the irrigation map, but the property lines are shown and it is believed that any piece of property can be identified by the property lines and their relation to the phy.siogra]ihy. Table 49 at the end of the report shows the acreage irriiratt'd from c^ach .source. 48 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES PLATE IV PIT RIVER IhJVESTIGATION AREA SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM or UPPER PIT RIVER STREAM SYSTEM Miles down stream from Jess Valley 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Gage I- outlet Jess Valley -3.5 West Valley Creek —5.0 Gage 3 -South Fork Area -8.7 Likely -Springs -11.5 Crooks Canyon -17.6 ntzhugh Creek -21.0 Gage 6 -Jones Lane -23 End of S Fork Ansa -25.0 Pine Creek -27.0 Ga^ell-NFk. Pit River -28.4 Hot Springs Valley -30.3 Rattlesnake Creek JESS VALLEY AREA 3832.1 Acs. Total 1930 seasonal flow in thousands of acre-feet ID LZF' PINE CREEK AREA 5,659.0 Acs. SOUTH FORK AREA 15,211.5 Ac SCRINGS >■ -45.5 Canyon Creek -47.9 Clover Swale -51.4 Toms Creek -53.3 Black Canyon -54.5 Canby -58.5 End of Mot Spring5VaMey-Gagel2 10 — o»All Oi o _) o < o 1- UJ < K. -67.7 Stone Coal Valley -77.6 Gag« 13 '84.0 Lookout -Big Valley : 89.5 Ash, Willow, etc Creeks ■92.5 Bieber oc o -100.8 End of Big Valley 103.8 Cage 19 ■ Muck Valley r* > 5 o a I I ^. [3' -SPRINGS 828.2 Ac. fl3 5: BIG VALLEY AREA ,gll.l28.IA. ASH CREEK AREA 9.05t>.4Ac 5 < > < 1^^ Jo: ■; Note Location of stream gJging stations snown thus Oj 'I i I'll' KIVKK INVESTIGATION V.) < O < a: o < Q w H < 2 (I. o D CO — O O O CO IM CO O O* CO 3i if5 «-^ f'- t--. eQ ^f co^ oJcopo ^ CO — w -"-* r- o oo 1 o 'co o do ' o J-s oo S3 : «— " ■vl ro cc Tt« t>- t>. »o OS c ■^ CO lO •^' o o »o a> CO (N CO 04 CO ■* •rj k^ ?! o t^OO '00 ' IC "E oco»o 1 t^ ' CO ^ CO ; ; ■^ J3 O O 'CO • CO •i& 'CO > CO 1 Oi 1 o> .■^ . ■«»• cS- O ■* ■^'^CXJ ' o £ ':D C- CM CM <>) . CO 3 r* >n »o O'l CO 1 en lOOOiior^ ' 00 "1 oi" ■^~ 1 00 & (2 rt o cB CO CO o O c^^ CO ! oo a ic '^rooo o 1 o ^ CO to u*^ —. 1 CSJ — rt 1^ r^ ^ c^i 00 > t^ ^ '-' CO , t^ •«; an^-^co^ ' -* ci S ICl CO CO OS Ol 1 ^ Ifalf :uid hay O CDOO-^O I CO ^ '<*«<-i . 1-H <• ^ >. o o«o I CD $ i f o»r> I o» C c ;i C5 CO C^Cl 1 t- m^ > CD g rt £J3 c s CO CO'^ -^ -^ t^ r^ » o coci ^ tn o 00 eo-^ o t- o —I 00 o 00 cocooor^ S-c tC :D t>r £^ U5 ^ CD S -* > 1111 ^ > 1 1 es ■« 1 I I -< ^ aj-i OT ,0 O ~ O OJ u. "5 fcfe ^= «o o ■*^ *j "^ x ^ S So «-=fe z a I m-atioii ^lap in ydhiw. and are summarized in Table 12. These areas Mere delei'mined hy a study of tiie soil characteristics. It was considered that apricultural lauds include those with .soils varyiuo- from gravelly loams to adobes, but the shallow pha.ses of all types of clay and frravelly .soils were excluded. TABLE 12 SUMMARY OF NONIRRIGATED AGRICULTURAL ACREAGE Area Division Total acreage of nonirrigated agricultural lands For division For area Xorth Fork. North Fork valleys 33,128 12,586 Pine Creek 45,714 South Fork ... JessValley 4,769 1,880 33,516 West Valley South Fork Valley - 40.165 Hot Springs Valley. Hot Springs Valley G3,843 63,843 Big Valley Pit River. 31,149 31,149 Ash Creek Ash Vallev 7.401 4,971 25,809 Round Valley.- . Big Valley 38.181 Horse Creek. , Dixie Valley 1,711 1,711 Total 220,763 ]\rost of the nouirrien done foi' this report. Diversions. Diversions froin llic upper Pit liiver stream system fall into two general classes; direct diversions into ditches or branching sloughs, and "flooded banks" diversions. The former type of diversion is common over the State, but the latter typ(^ is jieculiar to flat meadow areas such as tliose of the upper Pit Kiver basin. The term "flooded banks diversion" is used to designate a diver- sion made by raising the water level by a temiiorary dam to a point a few indies higher than the banks of the channel, thus causing the watt'r to flooil out over the banks huiulreds of feet onto the adjacent low-lying meadows. As is usual with streams on a flat valley floor, the banks of the ui)i)er Pit River have been built up higher than the surrounding meadows, so that this tyjie of diversion is found to be .satisfactory. In many instances both banks of the stream are com- pletely inundated for more than a half mile above the flooding dam. Direct diversions into ditches usually occur near the heads of the iii-igated areas or along streams that have considerable gradient. Diver- sion.s into branching sloughs occur mainly on the valley floors. The sloughs are usually highwater channels which relieve the main channel i riT KIVKR INVESTIOATIOK 51 duriiiii' Hoods, and di\ ci'sioiis into tlicui arc made l)y im-aris of rlicck striK'turi's at tlu'ir lu-ads. lt<>diversi()iis from the sloii^lis aiT usually iiuidc by the "flooded hanks" method. There are two types of diversion works in L-fneral use; snudl temporary or .semi-]iermanent earth, roek, l)rush, or tind)er structures iji tlie smaUer strenms at the heads of ditclies. aud i)ermaneut removable ty|)e structures witii timber Hashlioards aiouL: the main river eliannci on the valh'y floors. Tlie phin of construction of all of tiie main river and sh)Us s])annin s])i-eadinf>- of the water. The carry-over water. thoiiracticed on the valley floor meadow lands, this return water is prineipally in the nature of "carry-over" water, as ])reviously described. Except following heavy rains or late thaws, it is the y)ractice of each water user on the valley floors to divert practically the entire flow of the stream over his meadow, and to allow the sur])lus water to return to the channel for rediversion by his neighbor next below. In Hot Springs Valley alone the water sn}q)ly in Pit Piver is diverted, spread over meadows, and returned to a conveyance channel sixteen consecutive times before passing out of the valley. Such re-use occurs generally throughout the entire length of the n])per Pit River and its tributaries. In Table 16 wide variations of percentage of return watei- are noted. The practical failure of the Mater sui)ply in 1931 renders that year's data irrelevent to ordinary conditions. The usual amount of return water from meadow lands on tiie vallev floors ranges from 20 per cent to 25 per cent of the total amount of Avater supplied at the head of the area. 56 DIVISION Ol' WATER RESOURCES PL.\TIi \' SEASONAL NET USE OF IRRIGATION WATER MEASURED NET USE OF WATER ON FOUR AREAS Monthly distribution of use Seasonal total c w x: 0) Q AP RIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00- FIG. 1 \ )uth Fork Pit River, 1930 n Springs Valley, 1930 • 1931 idow Valle> Creek. 1930 " 1931- a; c 0) tn D (U o Jt River, 1930 1 ■ Hot Springs Valley, 193 Springs Valley, 1931 illow Creek, 1930 )w Cre«k, 1931 I Widow Valley Creek, I93( idow Valley Creek, 1931 ""■ nc W /' / > • ■ 1931 — O o 0- ^^^ .^o-^^^^"^ JC o U- X O i \ f' — - 0- SOUTH FORK PIT RIVER AREA Monthly net use" Seasonal total 0.6 +- 0) Q) l<- 0.5 -CO' APRIL FIG. 2 MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. 1930 use r,' .' j Proposed storage Estimated Normal use ■ Desirable use 3.0 -0.0- BIG VALLEY PIT RIVER AREA -0.0 0.0- ITI' KIVKH INVESTIGATION 57 TABLE 16 RETURN WATER FROM CERTAIN MAJOR AREAS Area Season Total seasonal acre-fcct supply Total season? 1 aerc-fect return Per cent of return Mav-Sept., 1929 20.885 19.794 11.874 10,567 19,784 4,607 17,912 7,282 17,904 9.743 3.655 5.936 297 ^.784 9,727 244 9,715 1,124 5.188 768 17.? Pine Creek May-Sept., 1930 April-Sept., 1931 June-Sept., 1929 Mav-Sept., 1930 April-Sep>., 1931 30 2 5 26 3 49 2 5.3 Hot Springs Valley Mav-Sept., 19.30 .\pril-Aug., 1931 . -.. 54.2 15.4 Big Valley May-Sept., 1930 April-Sept., 1931 29.0 7 y In the South Fork ;nva. in l!)2n the water supply was deficient; lienee the return was lower tlian the average. In in:}!) the sui^ply was slightly above normal during the early irrigation months and the return was consequently larger than might be expected during average years. The mean value of approximately 25 per cent is considered as the normal return Aoav from the South Fork area. In the Pine Creek area, in 192!) the water supply, including Dorris Keservoir relea.ses. Avas nearly satisfactory. In 19-30 there was a surplus of supply and water was used freely in some instances, so that the return that year was above normal. The estimated normal return flow for the Pine Creek area is 25 per cent, or api)roximately that observed in 1929. In Hot Springs Valley, excessive and unregulated releases from Big Sage Eeservoir in 1930 account for the unusually high return water ratio that year. In 1931 the Avater supply was deficient and unusual care was exercised to ]:)revent waste ; accordingly the return water that year was below normal. It is estimated that the return flow in Hot Springs Valley under normal conditions will be from 20 per cent to 25 per cent. In Big Valley, heavy precipitation occurred in 1930 in the Juniper Creek and lower Ash Creek areas, the run-of¥ from which was unmeasured except as return water is.suing from the area at Muck Valley. Consequently the ratio shown in the table is somewhat higher than may be expected under normal conditions. By comparison Avith the results for Hot Springs Valley it is estimated that the normal return flow for Big Valley is about 20 per cent. Stream Administration. The need for some manner of coordination and regulation of diver- sions on the upper Pit River stream system, with its widely fluctuating floAvs, Avas apparent to the Avater users before the Division commenced its investigation. Rotation schedules had been attempted in certain areas, but could not be made effective because of lack of proper coordination among the Avater users. The presence of the Divi.sion's enerineers in the area in connection with the invest icration afforded the 58 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES water users an opportunity to obtain stream administration at a mini- mum cost. At a meeting of the Big Valley water users held at Bieber on June 6. 1929, plans were formulated and an agreement entered into ])roviding for sui)ervision of diversions from Pit Kiver in Big Valley during the 1930 season, by the resident engineer on the Pit River investigation. The results of this regulation were satisfactory and a similar agreement Avas entered into for the 1931 season. In 1931 the stream administration wa.s extended by water users' agreements to include Hot Springs Valley, the Pine Creek area, and the lands irrigated from Parker Creek. The distribution of the Avaters of the South Fork of Pit River for stock watering purposes during August and September of 1931 was also ])laced in the hands of the Division by agreement of the parties involved. Reports covering the details of the work in each instance have been prepared by the Division, as follows : Report on Supervision of Diversions from Pit River in Big Valley, 1930 Season, by \v\\u ^l. Tngerson. Report on Su])prvision of Diversions from Pit River in Big Valley, 1931 Season, by Irvin ]\r. Tngerson. Report on Supervision of Diversions from Pit River and Rattlesnake Creek in Hot Siirings Valley, 1931 Sea.son, by lr\in ^l. Ingerson. Report on Water Master Service on Pine Creek, 1931, by F. G. Montealegre. Jr. Re])ort on Water Master Service on Parker Creek, 1931, by F. G. ]\Iontealegre. Jr. Report on Water ^Master Service on South Fork of Pit River, 1931. by Leslie C. Jopson. ruder the terms and intentions of the various agreements the Division's engineer was re(|uired to institute and supervise compre- hensive schedules of rotation so as to afford a series of satisfactory' irrigations to each Avater user, to correct instances of unnecessary waste of water, to supervise the maintenance and o]ieration of tlie irri- gation dams in order to a.ssure the iirojier coordination, and to collect data as to quantities of water used. Tluis the water supervision facili- tated the collection of accurate records pertaining to the use of Avater. a.s required in the investigation. The successful coordination of the many diA'ersions along the streams required constant and vigilant ob.ser\'ation of the amounts of Avater aA'ailable. of the manner of its use. of the quantities of Avater being diverted, of the time of travel of the irrigating heads across the meadows, and of the amounts of Avaste and i-eturn Avater. Usually a time schedule of diversion and use Avas detennined extending a fcAv days in advance of the irrigation In-ad, and each successive A\-ater user Avas notified of his schedule. Owing to variable Avater supply and temi)erature conditions it Avas not always jjossible to keep the bulk of the irrigation Avave moving down tlirouiih tlie area exactly on the PIT RIVER INVESTIGATION 59 proarrangod schedule; nevertheless, the viiriatioiis from the sehetluie were not serious, amount iiijr to not more than a day or so at the niost. After one irri<:ation wave had been carried down tiiroug:h a particular area the whole i)ro old lands, will have to come through the development of storage. An analysis of the data at liaiid indicates that no one storage i)ro.j- ect can be developed suitable to conserve the water supply available within th(> basin, \\)v the benefit of the area as a whole. Fui'thermore. from an economic standpoint it does not ap])ear feasible to develo]) any projects in the near future which c()ntemi)late the irrigation of any con- siderable amount of new acreage. Consequently, this discussion of storage developments is confined to projects mainly providing a su])- plemental water sup])ly for lands now in-igated. While a large number of .suggested reservoirs were inspected in the field, most of these did not appear sufficiently favorable to warrant dis- cussion in this report. Thii'teen sites are discussed in this chaptei'. of which only four appear feasible in the final analysis. Three suggested reservoir sites for the conservation of the waters of the North Foi-k basin Avere investigated : one on the lower end of Parker Creek, another in the Yankee Jim Basin, and a third located on the main North Fork at the narroA\s just below the junction of Pai'ker Creek. The latter was not seriously considered as the development would involve the cost of removal and relocation of a standard gage i-ailroad and a later-al of the State Highway, which would be proliibitive. The topograj)hy of the South Fork basin indicates four reservoir ])ossibilities: Jess Valley, West Valley, Clear Lake, and an enlargement of the P.ayley IJeservoir. The Jess Valley and West Valley sites arc discussed in detail, as cither appears favorable as a project for the relief of the watei- shortage in th(> South Fork area. A stud>- of the topogi-aphy of the Hot Spi'ings \'alley ar<'a indi- cates that thcfc arc no iiuijor reservoir sites renuiining. Pri\ate inter- ests lia\'e ahvvidy developed most of the smaller economical locations. A study of the i-un-otf characteristics of the Pig Sage draiiuig(> area was jnade to determine the possibility of irrigating more lands from Pig Sage Kesei'voir. The ideal locjitioii for a i-escrvoir for the benefit of the l^ig \'alley area would be on the main rivei' in the canyon below Hot Sjjrings Valley, as such a site would also providi^ a means of regulating the widely vai-ying return flows I'loni tlie Hot S|)rings Valley area to con- foi'iii lo the re(|nii-eiiieiits of the lowtM' ;irea. 'i'lie entire length of the can\ATFO VI sann FORK prr river PRoxa li^OOAc 5er«d frm Wtsl Vjllty Rtxrvir Of Jesj Valley Rtserw " !?p5^Cle* Lite Rtstrw Siit PIT RIVER INVESTIGATION 'POSED STORAGE PROJECTS LEGEND ¥:. tr f**-^ Pl»efu« Hi PIk< of lae fr«< Ash C'lU xi P<> Rxer ^ FjwjUi Projects Wtt^^ RcKfw Sxt te« Pl«erfuJ« n.J!!0 Ristrw ile • Unfjiorobl« PfOj«ti PIT RIVER INVESTIGATION PROPOSED STORAGE PROJECTS j-Ulk Vitlcv -i^ 1 Sw'h r,il Prt R,«, A/ii ft AiJi C'til Am 6 Mgrw CfRt Altl CUu y UH lr« At* C'Ht arf Pll R> ' R>uf«r Sit PIlCtdllM PIT RIVER INVESTIOATIOX 61 iiifr oiu' previously survcyt'd by .Mcssi-s. A. .M. Orcen jiiid Max (irccn. Tlh' jirohU'in linally resolved itself into detenniiiinjr the loeation wliieli would provide a suital)le dam site and also a spillway eapable of passinp; a flood of 50,000 second-feet. A geoloprieal investi«ration of the possible dam aiul spillway sites was nuule in Xovendier. VXV2, by ^Ir. Chester ]\Iarliave, enjxineer-jreolojjist of the Division, and the report on this investijration is submitted as Appendix C to this report. After an analysis of all the data available, tiie Allen Camp reservoir site was lected as the most favorable one. Four reservoir sites within the Ash Ci-eek area were investigated as possible storage projects; one on Willow Creek and three on Ash ( reek. An inspection of the Butte Creek watershed sliowed no feasible reservoir site located so as to fully benefit the present irrigated land in the area. In the Horse Creek area the basins of Dixie Valley and Little Valley offer reservoir sites, and both were investigated. 1 The estimates of run-off available for storage at the various sites f are based upon a i)eriod of 13 years extending from 1918 to 1931, i except for the Big iSage and Bayley reservoirs, Avhere a 27-year period is u.sed as a basis. The average run-off for these periods is considerably below normal, consequently the estimates of water yield based thereon are well on the side of .safety. This is especially true of the 18-year i)eriod. which covers the dry cycle through which the State is now pa.ssing. In estinmting the run-off available for storage for the pro.jects in the North Fork and South Fork areas the records of stream flow on Pine Creek near Alturas were used for comparison, while the estimates of run-off for the projects in the Ash Creek and Pit River areas in Big Valley were largely based upon comparisons with the long time record of the flow of Pit River near Bieber. The Big Sage Reservoir record covering a period of ten years was extended by comparison with the record of precipitation at Alturas. The Bayley Reservoir record was extended by a comparison of the three-years record of run-off* at Crooks Canyon obtained during the investigation, with the record of precipi- tation at Alturas. The locations of the thirteen reservoir sites analyzed are show^l on Plate VI. The reservoir sites found to be unfavorable are indicated only in outline, while for the favorable projects they are shown in solid black, and the proposed i)laces of use as cross-hatched areas. Parker Creek Reservoir Site. The area which can be directly benefited by this i)r6ject is approxi- mately 1700 acres of alfalfa land contiguous to the is'orth Fork of Pit River above Alturas. The estimated amount of water available for storage, based upon a comparison of the watershed with that of Pine Creek, is shown in Table 17, and the area and capacity data for the reservoir, based upon a planetable survev made bv the Division in 1931, are presented in Table 18. t * i I'll- KIVKR IXVESTIOATION 61 iiijr (Uic previously siirvcyctl by Mcssi-s. A. .M. fJi'ccji find Max (Ji-c<'!i. Tile prohltMu finally i-fsolvcd itself into (lelei-niinin:ist of the Division, antl the report on this investijjation is submitted as Appendix C to this report. After an analysis of all tlie data available, the Allen Camp reservoir site wa.s lected as the nu)st favorable one. Four reservoir sites within the Ash Creek area were investigated as possible storage projects; one on Willow Creek and three on Ash Creek. An inspection of the Butte Creek watershed showed no feasible reservoir site located so as to fully beiu'fit the present irrigated land in the area. In the Horse Creek area the basins of Dixie Valley aiul Little Valley offer reservoir sites, and both w^ere investigated. The estimates of run-oty available for storage at the various sites are based upon a ])eriod of I'-i years extending from 1918 to 1931. except for the Big Sage and Bayley reservoirs, where a 27-year period i.s used as a basis. The average run-off for the.se periods is considerably below normal, consequently the estimates of water yield based thereon are well on the side of safety. This is especially true of the 13-year ])eriod, which covers the dry cycle through wdiieh the State is now i)assing. In estimating the run-off available for storage for the pro.jects in the North Fork and South Fork areas the records of stream flow on Pine Creek near Alturas were used for comparison, while the estimates of run-oft" for the projects in the Ash Creek and Pit River areas in Big Valley were largely based upon comparisons with the long time record of the flow of Pit River near Bieber. The Big Sage Reservoir record covering a period of ten years was extended by com})arison with the record of precipitation at Alturas. The Bayley Reservoir record was extended by a comparison of the three-j'ears record of run-off' at Crooks Canyon obtained during the investigation, with the record of ])recipi- 1 at ion at Alturas. The locations of the thirteen reservoir sites analyzed are show-n on Plate VI. The reservoir sites found to be unfavorable are indicated only in outline, while for the favorable projects they are shown in solid black, and the proposed i)laces of use as cross-hatched areas. Parker Creek Reservoir Site. The area which can be directly benefited by this i)roject is approxi- mately 1700 acres of alfalfa land contiguous to the North Fork of Pit River above Alturas. The estimated amount of water available for storage, based ui)on a comparison of the watershed witli that of Pine Creek, is shown in Table 17, and the area and capacity data for the reservoir, based upon a planetable survev made bv the Division in 1931, are presented in Table 18. 62 DIVISION- OF WATER RESOURCES TABLE 17 ESTIMATED RUN-OFF AVAILABLE FOR STORAGE AT PARKER CREEK RESERVOIR SITE For the Period November 1 to April 1 ^ — Watershed Area, 76 Square Miles Season Run-off in acre-feet Season • Run-off in acre-feet 1918-1919 1919-1920. . 800 900 5,600 3,400 1,300 3,400 1,500 1925-1926 1926-1927 5,000 3,900 1920-1921 1927-1928 4,400 1921-1922. 1928-1929 900 1922-1923 1929-1930 700 1923-1924 . 1930-1931 1924-1925 Average 2,450 Note. — Estimated 'luantities of water diverted to storage in Dorris Reservoir have been deducted. TABLE 18 AREA AND CAPACITY OF PROPOSED PARKER CREEK RESERVOIR Depth of wcter in feet (above stream bed at dam) .^ea of water surface, in acres Capacity in acre-feet 1 6 17 45 11 30 162 16 62 392 21 87 765 36 118 1,276 U 155 1,958 195 2,833 41 242 3,925 An analysis of tlie data reveals the folloAving : Average gross annual watershed yield 2,400 acre-feet Storage required to develop average yield 8,500 acre-feet Reservoir capacity 4,000 acre-feet Average annual yield with reservoir capacity 1,400 acre-feet Average annual reservoir losses (estimated) 1,000 acre-feet Average annual safe delivery 400 acre-feet Area to be served 1,700 acres Average annual water supply per acre 0.24 acre-foot The estimated construction cost of this project is shown below, a.ssuminir an eartlifill dam at a nnit overall cost of $1.50 per cubic yard of fill. iiR'hidinjr all sjjiliway, outlet and appurtenant works: Height of earthfill dam 50 feet Yardage of dam (approximate) 70,000 cubic yards Cost of dam $105,000 Area of land inutidated 30(J acres Capital cost per acre served $62.00 Capital cost per acre-foot delivered $263.00 Tt is ai)parent that the i)rojeet is not feasible because of excessive cost . Yankee Jim Reservoir Site. The estimated nin-otf available for .storajre at this site is shown in Table 19. and the ai-en and (•apaeit\' data for the reservoir are presented in Table 20. •IT ui\'i:r invf.stioation 63 TABLE 1»» ESTIMATED RUN-OFF AVAILABLE FOR STORAGE AT YANKEE JIM RESERVOIR SITE For the Period Novemher 1 , to April 1 5 — Watershed Area. I 5 Square Miles Season Run-off in arri'-fi'Pt Seyson Run off in acre-fcot 1918-1919 110 100 2,560 1.43U 340 1,430 430 1925-1926 1926-1927 2.170 1919-1920 1,690 1920-1921 1921-I.»22 1922-192? 1923-1924 1927-1928 1928-1929 1929-1930 . 1930-1931 - - A verage 1,960 170 20 1924-1925 960 TABLE 20 AREA AND CAPACITY OF PROPOSED YANKEE JIM RESERVOIR Depth of water in feet (above stream htnl at dam) Area of w.iter surface, in acres Capacity in acre-feet () 11 16 21 26 31 42 183 252 303 354 396 107 671 1,759 3,149 4,793 6,668 An analysis of the data reveals the following': Average gross annual watershed yield 960 acre-feet Storage required to develop average yield ."5,600 acre-feet Reservoir capacity 6,700 acre-feet Avi-rage annual reservoir losses (estimated) 960 acre-feet Annual saff delivery Tt appears that the holdover storage required to develo]) the small average annual yield nece.ssitates such a large reservoir that the entire available supply would be consumed by reservoir losses, making the i)roject infeasible. For similar reasons, the size of the reservoir and exi)enditure required to develop any part of the average annual run-off would be out of proi)ortion to the .safe annual yield produced. Clear Lake Reservoir Site. Clear Lake is a natural body of water on ^lill Creek northeast of Jess Valley. The toj^ography surrounding the lake is such as to afford an opportunity for additional storage by means of a dam at the outlet. If the Jess Valley project is not constructed. Clear Lake could be enlarged to provide additional water after the haying season for about 1000 acres of land in Jess Valley, or for stock watering jnirposes in the South Fork Valley. It is e.stimated that storage capacity to the extent of about IO60 acre-feet could be jjrovidcd by increasing the depth of water in the lake :^0 feet. The run-off available for .storage in Clear Lake was estimated from the run-off records at the outlet of Jess Valley by a comparison of watersheds, as shown in Table 21. 64 DIVISION' OF WATER RESOURCES TABLE 21 ESTIMATED RUN-OFF AVAILABLE FOR STORAGE AT CLEAR LAKE RESERVOIR SITE For the Period N'ovember 1 to April 1 5 — Watershed .Area, 20 Square Miles Season Run-off in acre-feet Season Run-off in acre-feet 1918-1919.- . 2.280 2.320 3,520 2,980 2,420 2.980 2,480 1925-1926 1926-1927- 1927-1928 3,340 1919-1920 3.100 1920-1921 3 240 1921-1922 1922-1923 1928-1929 1929-1930 1930-1931 Average 1,880 2,340 1923-1924 1,620 1924-19'>5 2,650 An analysis of the data reveals the following: Reservoir capacity 1,065 acre-feet Average water surface area 51 acres Average annual reservoir losses (estimated) 150 acre-feet Average annual safe delivery 915 acre-feet Area to be served (Jess Valley) 1,000 acres Average annual water supply per acre 0.91 acre-foot The estimated cost of this project is shoMn below, based upon the construction of an earthfill dam at a unit overall cost of $1.50 per cubic yard of fill, including all spillway, outlet and appurtenant works. Height of earthfill dam 35 feet Yardage of dam (approximate) 12,000 cubic yards Cost of dam $18,000 Capital cost per acre served $18.00 Capital cost per acre-foot delivered $19.70 These costs are excessive under present economic conditions. Jess Valley Reservoir Site. Tiie Je.ss Valley Reservoir plan is presented in parallel with an alternate plan of storage in We.st Valley, either of which could be included in what is referred to as the "South Fork Project." The South Fork Project would furnish a supplemental water supply for some 13,400 acres of lands in the South Fork Valley now under irrigation from the river. While no new lands have been con- sidered in the tinancial analy.sis for the ]n'OJects which have been made, it is believed that some 1300 acres of additional lands lying along the east side of South Fork Valh-y could ultimately be included if the Jess Valley plan is used, and tluit some .")00 acres of such lands could ulti- mately be included if the West Valley plan is adopted. It is estimated that the gro.ss annual irrigation water requirements for such new lands would be 2.40 acre-feet ))er acre, and this (piantity has been considered in the water suj)])ly analyses. As previously developed in Chaptei* IV, the average annual deficiency in net consumptive water supi>ly demand for the present irrigated lands in the South Fork area is aj^proximately 0.60 acre-foot per acre. Allowing for a 25 ])er cent conveyance loss, the average annual gross deficiency is about O.SO acre-foot per acre, or a total of 10,700 acre-feet for tiie 1M.400 acres now under in-igation. Run-off. The estimated run-off available for storage in the pro- posed Jess Valley Keservoir is shown in Table 22. In this estimate only ruii-olV occurring during the j)erio(l between Xoveiiiber IsT and PIT RIVi:U INVESTIGATION 63 Apiil l.')tli has been inchulod. As .1 matter of fact, in averag^e years some water will be availalile for s)ora^-e until around the mi(hlh> of ^lay ; henee tiie estimate is very conservative. TABLE 22 ESTIMATED RUN-OFF AVAILABLE FOR STORAGE AT JESS VALLEY RESERVOIR SITE For the Period November i to April 1 ^ — Watershed Area, '^7 Square Jv^iles Season Run-off in acre-feet Season Run-off in acre-feet 1918-1919 11.100 11,20(1 17.IUI) 14.500 11,800 14,. 500 12,000 1925-1926 10,200 1919-1920 1920-1927 15,100 1920-1921 1927-1928 1928-1929 1929-1930 15,600 1921-1922 >,,140 1922-1923 11,300 1923-1924 1930-1931 7,880 IQ91 109!; Average 12.900 It has been suggested in prior reports that the run-otf from the upper portion of the Parsni]) Creek watershed niigiit be diverted through a reasonably short ditch into the Jess Valley drainage. Topo- grapliically this plan is feasible, and the tributary drainage area: of Parsniji Creek -would add 11 sfjuare miles to the 97 square miles naturally tributary to Jess Valley. Upon the assumption that the run-off per square mile from this additional area is the same as that for the Jess Valley watershed, Table 23 has been prepared, showing the estimated run-off from Parsnip Creek available for storage in Jess Valley during the 13 years from 1918 to 1931. If the Jess Valley Reservoir is to be confined to serving the South Fork lands now under irrigation, and the 1300 acres of new lands previously mentioned, Parsnip Creek water would not be needed. TABLE 23 ESTIMATED RU^J-OFF FROM PARSNIP CREEK AVAILABLE FOR STORAGE IN PROPOSED JESS VALLEY RESERVOIR For the Period Novembe r 1 to April 1 5 — Watershed Area. 1 1 Square Miles Season Run-off in acre-feet Se.ison Run-ofT in acre-feet 1918-1919 1,210 1,230 1,860 1,580 1,280 1,580 1.320 1925-1926- 1,770 1919-1920 192^1927 1 G40 1920-1921 1927-19?8 1 720 1921-1922 . ... 1928-1929 . 997 1922-1923 1929-1930 1,240 1923-1924 1930-1931 859 I924-1995 .\verage 1,410 Physical Features of Site. Jess Valley is considered by geologists to be a pocket valley which has been formed .by the differential uplift on the west side along a fault zone extending north and south. As evidenced by a well defined beaehline around the valley, the area was once occupied by a lake of considerable depth, that has been drained by the erosion of its outlet to its present level. The lake was probably formed by a landslide at the outlet. The sediments of the valley floor 5—2706 66 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES ■vvero aiiparoiitly deposited prior to the draining of the lake, and are relatively impermeable. The reservoir site was surveyed by the U. S. Reclamation Service, as reported in the 1915 Pit River Basin Report. Table 24 has been prepar-ed from data contained in tliat report. TABLE 24 AREA AND CAPACITY OF PROPOSED JESS VALLEY RESERVOIR Depth of water in feet (above stream bed Ari»a of water surface, in acres Capacity in acre-feet .. 2 810 810 12 1,730 13,500 22 2.160 33,000 32 2,460 50,000 42 2,700 81,000 52 2,880 110,000 i Dam Site. The Jess Valley outlet, which is a narrow and compara- tively level channel some 3000 feet long, offers several dam sites. The lower reach of the channel is confined by steep, high walls exposing beds of tuff and agglomerates overburdened by a thick capping of basalt. Debris from the cliffs has filled the canyon to a V-shaped gorge. Near the upi>er end of the outlet stretch the confining slopes are well rounded hills composed chiefly of tuff free from rock debris. The landslide which formed the ancient Jess Lake occurred about 2000 feet below the uj^per end of the outlet stretch, and materials from this landslide occujiy the outlet channel for a distance of nearly half a mile downstream. Tlu're are thi-ee ])arallel faults running north and south across the outlet channel. The major fault, on the east, accounts for the western escarpment of Jess Valley, and ])a.s.ses directly across the upper end of the outlet channel at the point of confluence of ^Mill and Harvey Creeks. The western fault is situated approximately a mile below the mouth of Jess Valley and probably accounts for the termination at that point of the high basalt cap plateau which extends to the west. The intervening fault is ajijU'oximately midway between the otlier two. Xo doubt the area between the east and west faults is a fault-zone apj^roximafely one mile wide, in wliich conditions favorable for the tremendous landslide wliich formed Jess Lake existed. The alluvium deposits along the outlet stretch are of undetermined depth; although during recent years two attempts have been nnule by local people to determine the depth to solid material. At the upper end of tli(^ st ret ell a churn-drill rig penetrated 60 feet of finely bedded wliite or grey clay and mud, witli a noticeable decrease in organic matei'ial below 10 feel. At the lower end of the reach a similar rig Avas only able to jienetrate about 20 feet through large rock fragments. The proposed tiam site selected is located at the upjier end of the outlet stretch, and is believed to be ju-eferable to other sites on account of the moi-e favorable conditions foi- a spillway through natural ground. PIT IJIVKK IWKSTIOATTOX ( ) I Ttipi of I>(nii. Tho site is considrrod favoi-ablo for a lioinnfrononns carflitill tlain. A i)n)pi).s('(l plan of the tlam and spillway is prcseiitcd ill Plato VJI. Tuff excavated for the spillway would be used for the dam enibaukiuent. A concrete cut-off wall 2 feet Ihick would be reiiuired. extendinj; to an estimated avei-ap-e depth of .'U) feet below nalural fjround surface. A dam 2S feet lii^li would be needed, and a crown width of 1") feet has been allowed, with 5 to 1 dow'nstreani and 4 to 1 upstream slopes. In view of the probable existence of relatively deep backwater a,irainst the lower face of the dam. both faces should be rip-rajiped with the an«>ular basalt fragments found a short distance below the site. The outlet works would consist of a 4|-foot diameter concrete pipe, ]ilaced in an excavation through natural rotectinasalt rock fragments from the adjacent cliffs could be used for this jiurpose. The outlet works would consi.st of a 4^ foot diameter concrete pipe placed in an excavation in natural ground under the dam on one side of the present stream channel. At the upper end, this culvert outlet would be equipped with a caterpillar type sluice gate operated on th<> slope of the dam. with protecting screens and grizzlies. Ice thrust occurring at all stages of the reservoir must be taken into account in the design. 'C Spillway. The spilhvay recpiirement for this site is estimated at 5500 second-feet for the 109 Sfjuare mile drainage area including the Cedar Creek reversion, and 3200 second-feet for the present 59 s(iuare mile drainage area. To handle these amounts of water a large straight channel spillway could be constructed through the abutment hill on the east side of the dam. The computed width of the sjiillway for the larger flow is 80 feet and for the smaller flow 50 feet, which widths would pass the respective floods with an effective head (depth of reser- voir water surface above spilhvay crest) of 8.5 feet. An additional 2.5 feet in depth has been allowed as freeboard. Tlie excavation A^ardage for the spillway would be considerably in excess of the yardage required to con^ti-uct the dam. Also, it is estimated that there would be some unavoidable waste of rock embedded in the east abutment that could not be safely put into the section of the dam. The spillway would be lined with concrete 8 inches thick, rein- forced with steel for temperature stresses. Economic Aspects. The area of the meadow lands in West Valley which would be inundated is comparatively small and there is appar- ently no question but that the benefit gained by increasing crops in the South Fork Valley would more than compensate for the loss of the West Valley lands. The water supply, construction and financial features of the Jess Vallt-y and of the two West Valley plans are compared in Tables 27, 28, and 29, respectively. The various items of these ])lans involving dam foundation conditions and financing costs can be definitely deter- mined only by a more detailed investigation and study of these aspects by parties who may be interested in consummating the project. The costs of the necessary reservoir sites, rights of Avay, water rights, etc.. have not been included in the financial analyses, as it was not consid- ered that these matters were within the scope of this investigation. 72 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES These details must also be investigated by interested parties before a final conclusion as to the most favorable of the three plans can be reached. I TABLE 27 COMPARATIVE WATER SUPPLY ANALYSES OF PROPOSED JESS VALLEY AND WEST VALLEY RESERVOIRS Jess Valley West Valley South Fork Ditch Reversion of Cedar Creek Location of dam _ Upper site. NWM of NWK Sec. 11, T. 39 .\., R. 13 E. At outlet. NWJ4 Sec. 18, T. 39 N., R. 14 E. At outlet NW^ Sec 18, T. 39 N., R. 14 E. 97 59* 109 Spillway requirements for flood, 1 in 1.000 years, 3.340 3,200 5.500 23,000 16,600 19,500 Storai^e deoth. in feet 17 44 47 28 55 58 2,200 950 1,000 Mean deoth of water, in feet 10.4 17.5 19.5 Outlft canacitv. in second-feet 300 300 300 13,200 IS.lOOx 13,200 Amount of deficiency, 1 in 1 1 years, in acre-feet 2,000 3,000 5.000 4,800 2,500 2,500 Estimated gain from irrigated lands to he inundated, 5,500 1.200 1,200 Annual safe delivery of storage water, in acre-feet 13,900 11,800 11,900 Acreage to he served — 13,400 1,300 13,400 500 13,400 New land- .-. -*- 500 Estimated net consumption per a'^re, in acre-feet per season — 0.60 1.80 0.60 1.80 0.60 1.80 Estimated conveyance requirements per acre, in acre- feet per season — 0.20 0.60 0.20 0.60 0.20 For n^w land ~.T. ._......-_ 0.60 Gross reservoir supply per acre, in acre-feet per season — 0.80 2.40 0.80 2.40 0.80 2.40 •Not inclusive of drainage area tributary to South Fork supply ditch, xincludcs 6,000 acre-feet per annum from South Fork supply ditch. riT kivi:h investigation 73 TABLE 28 COMPARATIVE CONSTRUCTION DETAILS AND COSTS FOR PROPOSED JESS VALLEY AND WEST VALLEY RESERVOIRS ■ ■ — — Jess Valley West Valley South Fork Ditch Reversion of Cedar Creek Construction Details Spillway (excavation to be used for dam embankment) — Length of crest, in feet 40 9 5 15 62,300 53,900 8,400 50 8 5 2 5 42,200 37,400 4,800 80 Effective bead over crest, in feet.. 8 5 Residual freebaord, in feet 2.5 Total excavation, cubic vards 55.800 Placed in dam, cubic yards 44.000 Wasted, cubic yards 11.800 Spillway lining — 8-inch concrete — Area of lining, in square feet 24.000 593 22,500 556 30,000 Concrete, cubic yards 741 Dam embankment, earthfill, cubic yards— Upstream slope.. . 53,900 4 to 1 5tol 15 450 34,000 2Hto 1 3 to 1 15 270 40,000 2>4to 1 Downstream slope 3tol Crown width, in feet 15 Crest length, in feet 280 Stripping dam site, cubic yards 9,000 12,000 12.000 Dam cut-off. estimated — Drv excavation, cubic yards 900 500 1,000 250 50 200 250 Wet excavation, cubic yards 50 Concrete core, cubic yards 200 Outlet structure — Excavation, cubic vards 240 4 5 135 480 4 5 263 480 Diameter of outlet, in feet. Concrete in culvert, foundation and head walls, cubic yards __ 4 5 263 Rip-rap, rock 1 foot thick Both faces 11.000 Upper face 2,800 Upper face Face area, in square yards 2,800 Supply ditch from .South Fork- Metal flume, 5 foot dia., length in feet 1,700 20,000 Earth ditch excavation, cubic yards. Cost Estimate' Stripping dam site (a) $2,250 $6,000 $6,000 Dam cut-off » — Drv excavation (W - . 2,700 3,750 13,000 375 250 2,600 375 Wet excavation (c) ^ 250 Concrete core, at $13.00 per cubic yard 2,600 Outlet structure — Excavation (d) .. 240 3,375 3,500 720 6,575 3,500 720 Concrete culvert, at $25.00 per cubic yard 6,575 Gate, frame and screen _ '. . 3,500 Spillway and dam embankment — Excavation from spillway placed in dam, at $0.60 per 32,340 2,520 9,488 22,440 1,440 8,896 26,400 Excavation wasted, at $0.30 per cubic yard Concrete lining for spillway, at $16.00 per cubic yard . 3,540 11,856 Rip-rap facing (rock 1 foot thick) at $1.25 per cubic yard- 4,584 1.168 1,168 Road relocation 3,750 Supply ditch from South Fork— .Metal flume. 5 foot dia., 1,700 feet at $10.00 17,000 7,000 1,000 Diversion dam Engineering and contingencies at 25% - 20,374 19,741 15,746 Interest during construction at 6"^ compounded semi- annually — For first year work of stripping, cut-off, outlet, engi- neering and contingencies (for 1^ years) 2,934 4,277 1,915 4,754 1,915 For second year work of completing structure (1 year). 3,537 Total cost of construction . $109,082 $105,374 $84,182 ' Unit construction prices are on the same basis as used in other reports of the Di%Tsion of Water Resources dealing with the Central Valley Project of California. It is known, however, that even during the period of high prices in the 1920's dams were built by private interests in Modoc County for much le.«s. (a) Jess Valley $0.25 per cubic yard. W e.st Valley $0.50 per cubic yard. (b) Jess Valley $3.00 per cubic yard, ^S e.st Valley $1.50 per cubic yard. (c) Jess Valley $7.50 per cubic yard. West Valley $5.00 per cubic yard. (d) Jess Valley $1.00 per cubic yard, \S'est Valley $1.50 per cubic yard. ■ While detail investigation of foundation at the dam sites has not been made, there are no surface indications that difficulties will be met. 74 DIVISION OF WATEK RESOURCES TABLE 29 COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL ANALYSES OF PROPOSED JESS VALLEY AND WEST VALLEY RESERVOIRS ON BASIS OF CONSTRUCTION COSTS Jess Valley West Valley South Fork ditch Reversion of Cedar Creek Total cost of construction. . . . $109,082 $105,374 $84,143 Total annual amortization charge for 20 year period at ti per cent interest on construction costs and with 4 per cent interest on sinking fund . ?U).-.'()8 $9,861 $7,874 Annual amortisation charge per acre served' . . $0.76 $0.74 $0.59 ' Entire cwt of project apportioned to present irrigated land only. It will be noted that tlu- above annual amortization charge does not include iiitere.st on cost of rights of way and of water rights. The cost of rights of way for the Jess Valley reservoir would be high. The addi- tional water made available by either of the reservoirs would increase the average hay crop and give additional income from fall pasture. At the average price of hay and ])asture during the ten years preceding 1932 this added income would be sut¥icient to pay all added costs, includ- ing interest on any reasonable price for rights of way and water rights, and yield a fair profit besides. Bayley Reservoir Enlargement. The present Bayley Reservoir is situated on Crooks Canyon stream on the lower portion of tlie rolling plateau lying between the southern end of South Fork Valley and the summits of the Adin Mountains. It has been proposed to construct a new dam a few hundred feet down- stream from the present dam, to impound approximately 9000 acre-feet. The estimated run-off' availa])le for storage in the Bayley Reservoir, as derived from records obtained from the stream gaging station at the mouth of Crooks Canyon extended by a comparison with the precipi- tation records at Alturas. is indicated in Table 30. An analysis of the data shows the following: Averapt' grns.s annual water.slied yield 2,470 acre-feet Storage required to develop awrage yield S.SOO acre-feet Average annual reservoir lo.sses (estimated) 610 acre-feet Average annual safe delivery 1,860 acre-feet I'lT RIVEK INVLSTIOATION to TABLE 30 ESTIMATED RUN-OFF AVAILABLE FOR STORAGE AT BAYLEY RESERVOIR For the Period Novem!->er I lo April 1 5— Watershed Area. 3 3 Square Miles Season Run-off in acre-fcct Season Run-off in acrp-fcct 1904-05 2,900 3,660 5,350 880 3,380 2,460 4,160 1,800 1,650 2,690 1,900 2.590 4,840 1.760 1918-19 2,520 1905-06 1919-20 1,990 1906-07 1920-21 2,500 1907-08 1921-22 1922-23 2,890 1908-09 390 190!)-10 - ... 192,3-24 1.090 1910-11 1924-25 '- 2,610 1911-12 1925-26 1,720 1912-13 1926-27 3,960 1913-14 1927-28 3,200 1914-15 1928-29.. 1,340 1915-16 1929-30 2.240 19;fi-17 1930-31 400 1917-18 .■Vverage - . 2,470 The e-ost of a new dam at the proposed site below the present Uayley dam appears to be too prreat for the amount of water available. On the basis of $1.50 per cubic yard of dam embankment, as coverin. Xo data are available from which a cost estimate of an enlarge- ment of the present Bayley Reservoir could be made. Big Sage Reservoir. Since its completion in 1921, the Big Sage Reservoii- has been the major factor in furnishing a complete water supply to all of the irri- gated lands along Pit River in Hot Springs Valley. During ordinary years water is released for irrigation only during the summer and fail months, but dunng the recent dry years it has been necessary to release water as early as April to supplement the supply from Pit River. It has been suggested that the watershed yields sufficient water to irrigate a considerably larger area than is at present irrigated from the reservoir. The following data and analysis, however, indicates that such is not the case. The run-olf available for storage in the Big Saiic Reservoir has tieen estimatetl for tAventy-seven years by comparing the actual measured run-off since 1921 with the precipitation records at Alturas. The data are .shown in Table 31. 76 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES TABLE 31 ESTIMATED RUN-OFF AVAILABLE FOR STORAGE AT BIG SAGE RESERVOIR For the Pericxl November 1 to April 1 5— Watershed Are=, 107 Square Miles Season Run-off in acre feet Season Run-off in acre-feet 1903-04 49.200 18.500 23.E00 36.300 4,400 21,900 15,600 27,100 10,5110 9.900 17,100 11.700 16.400 32.400 1917-18 10.400 1904-05 1918-19 15,900 1905-06 1919-20 1920-21 12,200 1906-07 15,700 1907-08. -- 1908-09 1921-22. - 1922-23. 26,000 8,150 1909-10 . - 1923-24 5.200 1910-11 1924-25- 1925-26. 15.000 1911-12 17,000 1912-13 1926-27 10,.500 1913-14 1927-28 - 17,900 1914-15 1928-29 13,400 1915-16 1929-30 1930-31 \verafEe 13,200 1016-17 1.070 17,300 Run-off estimated 1903 to 1921. Run-off measured 1922 to 1931. The area and capacity data for the reserA'oir, obtained in part from observations made by the Division and in part from information sup- plied bv the Hot Spring: Vallev Irrigation District, are shown in Table ;32. TABLE 32 AREA AND CAPACITY OF BIG SAGE RESERVOIR ResTvoir gage in ff«t 1 ' — ~~ Area in acres Capacity in acre-feet 5 20 670 10 860 3.650 15 1,630 10.550 20 2,450 21,300 25 3,340 35,400 30 4.280 53,700 35 5.270 77.000 With the present storage capacity of 77,000 acre-feet, an analysis of the data shows the following: For ;27-}j((if Period — Average gross annual water.slieil yield 17,300 acre-feet Average annual hold-over 37,100 acre-feet Average annual .storage 54,400 acre-feet Total amount of spillage Deficiency, once in 27 years, of 7,000 acre-feet Average water surface area 4,700 acres Average annual reservoir loss (estimated) 14,000 acre-feet Net annual safe delivery 1 3,270 acre-feet Ff>r lO-ijear PcriorJ ( W22 to l<)31)— Average gross animal watershed yield 12,700 acre-feet Average annual hold-over 8,770 acre-feet Average annual storage ^' 21,.i00 acre-feet Total amount of spillage Deficiency, once in 10 years, of 450 acre-feet Average water surface area 2,400 acres Average annual reservoir loss (estimated) 7,250 acre-feet Net annual safe delivery 5,480 acre-feet PIT RIVKR INVESTIGATION ( i Allen Camp Reservoir Site. Tho site whk'li is in'opo.soc for a reservoir for the benefit of J>i,u' Valley is situated on the main river at what is known a.s " Alh'ii Camp." Sucli a reservoir would roiiiul out the water reciuiremeiits of the exist- ing: 12.000 acres of land in the area irrigated from the river, and would also provide for tiio irrijration of some 800 acres of new land. The present irrijiated area includes tlie lands alonj;- Pit River above Lookout which are elas.sed as sul)irri«i'ated, similar siil)irri;j:ated lands east of Lookout, the lower readies of Ash Creek Swamp that receive flood water from Pit Kiver throujili the sloughs ea.st of Lookout, the Oilar (Cioocli) Swamp meadow, all of the meadows along Pit River on the bottom lands, and all of the lands southeast of Lieber that are readily irrigated through the Babeock ditch system. New lands along the river bottoms can readily be irrigated by tiie construction of additional check dams in the sloughs, and new lands lying southeast of Bieber, in the Juniper Creek district, can be irrigated by enlarging and extending the Babcoek ditch system. The use on the lands along Pit River above Lookout which are at present subirrigated by infiltration of back water created by the Lookout Dam, can be increased by either surface irrigation afforded by ])umping, or by rais- ing the water with additional river dams above the Lookout Dam. As developed in Chai)ter IV, the average annual deficiency in net consumptive use for Big Valley along Pit River is ajiproximately 0.80 acre-foot per acre. Allowing for a 20 per cent conveyance loss, the average annual gross deficiency is about 1.00 acre-foot ])er acre, or a total of about 12,000 acre-feet for the 12,000 acres presently irrigated. It is estimated that the annual gross water re(iuirements for the new lands susceptible to irrigation in P.ig Valhn- would be a]")proximately 3.00 acre-feet per acre. Run-off. The estimated run-oft' available for .storage in the i)ro- posed Allen Camj) Reservoir is shown in Table 33. In this estimate, the amount of water which it is i)roi)osed to store for the South Fork pro- ject has been deducted. It will be noted that the measured I'un-off during the lowest year of i-ecord, 1931, was in excess of the storage recpiired ; consecpiently no additional reservoir capacity is necessary to ])rovid(' hold-over storage. TABLE 33 ESTIMATED RUN-OFF AVAILABLE FOR STORAGE AT ALLEN CAMP RESERVOIR SITE For the Period November 1 to April 15 — Watershed Area, 1.444 Square Miles Season Run-off in acre-feet .'ieason Run-off in acre-feet 1918-19 98,900 89,800 170,900 128,500 49.400 32,700 78,000 1925-26 1920-27-.- 57,400 1919-20 154,900 1920-21 1927-28 1928-29.. 1.55,400 1921-22 28,000 1922-23- 192.'<-24 1924-25! !! 1929-30 . 1930-31 -. A';era2;f 72,100 17,200 87,700 Physical Fcreceding 19o2, would be sufficient to pay the above amortization charge and interest on any conceivable price for. right of way, and in addition yield a considerable profit. * The con.struction of tiie reservoir would inundate about 1000 acres of meadow lands which now liavc a full sea.son water supi)ly, but this riT mvi:R ivvkstication 85 '\ loss would bo praetit'ally offset by new binds thai could be brou^dit into the projeet. The net benefit would be measured by the increased value I of a full sea.son supply for the POOO acres of land in the project now inadc(piately irri<:ated. Ash Creek Canyon Reservoir Site. A possible reservoir site in Ash Creek canyon near tlic Ryan IMac il was surveyed by the Division in 19."U. The area and cajnicity data for such reservoir are jriven in Table :^7. The run-off available for storaprc at this site would \)v ])ractically the same as for the Ash Valley site. TABLE 37 AREA AND CAPACITY OF PROPOSED ASH CREEK CANYON RESERVOIR Depth of water in feet tabove stream bed at dam) Area of water surface in acres Capacity in acre-feet 10 4 20 20 120 30 39 419 40 65 939 50 94 1.734 60 1.30 3.856 70 168 4,347 80 211 6,243 It is apparent from the area and cai)acity data that the relatively small capacity of the reservoir as compared with the hei*rht of dam reciuired, makes this project infeasible. Round Valley Reservoir Site. This site has been discussed in previous reports covering the upper Pit Kivcr area, particularly in the U. S. Reclamation Service report. It is located on Ash Creek, immediately northeast of Adin. The run-off available for storagre in Round Valley, as estimated from the records of the stream jrafrinsr station on Ash Creek near Adin, is shown in Table 38. The area and capacity data for the reservoir are given in Table 39. TABLE 38 ESTIMATED RUN-OFF AVAILABLE FOR STORAGE AT ROUND VALLEY RESERVOIR SITE For the Period Novemher 1 to April 1 5 — Watershed ^rea. 251 Square Miles Season Run-off in acre-feet Season Run-off in acre-feet 1918-19 26.600 27,400 52,500 40.70(1 20,800 18.800 28,600 192.5-26 1926-27 25,800 1919-20 . . 43.200 1920-21 1927-28 46,200 1921-22 1928-29 15..300 1922-23 1929-30 26,600 1923-24 1930-31 Average. 11,300 1924 25 20.500 . 86 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES TABLE 39 AREA AND CAPACITY OF PROPOSED ROUND VALLEY RESERVOIR Depth of water in feet (above stream bed at dam) Area of water surface, in acres Capacity in acre-feet 10 65 218 20 304 2,060 30 528 6,220 40 918 13,500 50 1,430 2.5,200 60 2.060 42,700 70 2,860 67,300 80 3,560 99,400 An analysis of tlie data pertainini? to the Round Valley project is submitted in Table 40. TABLE 40 ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED ROUND VALLEY RESERVOIR Si»e of development Item For 9.000 acres on .\sh Creek For 20,000 acres in Big Valley Maximum possible RpnnlrpH stopaffp canacitv in acre-feet 13,000 12,300 600 3,300 9,000 40 50 900 74,000 13.000 50,000 25,500 1,250 5,500 20,000 63 75 2.300 200,000 <3,000 61,000 Average grass annual resen'oir yield, in acre-fect 29.500 2.000 Average annual reservoir losses, in acre-feet (estimated) . ti.SOO 22.700 Depth of water, in feet. -- Mpiaht nf Him finr»ro\iniate). in feet . 68 80 TniinHat**H irea in acres ,,.._.._ - - 2.7(H) 225.00(1 Estiniated spillway requirements, in second-feet 12.000 Estimated cost of dam at $1.50 per cubic yard, overall . Estimated cost of highway relocation at $35,000 per mile $111,000 175.(XK) 71,500 357,500 $300,000 210,000 127,500 637,500 $337,500 245.000 145,625 P*:f imafrHl tnti' construction COSt 728.125 Construction cost per acre-foot delivered . . $39.72 $31.88 $32.08 The cost of the lands which would bo inundated by the reservoir has not been included in the above estimate. The TvedfJin'-T-Alturas Lateral of the State Ili 42 '\36 ''.66 ''.99 .45 .09 12 .48 Date 6/ 5/30 4/ 9/31 6/ 5/30 9/ 3/30 8/ 8/31 8/12/31 8/20/31 8/26/31 9/ 7/31 9/14/31 9/21/31 8/ 8/31 9/ 3/30 8/ 6/31 8/10/31 8/26/31 8/17/24 4/19/'26 4/24/26 7/ 2/26 8/17/24 8/23/24 9/17/24 9/30/24 10/21/24 10/26/24 4/30/26 9/15/26 5/30/27 4/19/26 4/24/26 7/ 2/26 7/ 7/27 8/27/27 5/28/31 9/ 5/24 9/22/24 9/30/24 10/21/24 10/26/24 5/23/31 6/ 2/31 6/19/31 7/ 7/31 7/28/31 8/10/31 9/12/31 6/ 3/31 6/ 3/31 6/ 3/31 6/23/31 6/ 3/31 6/23/31 5/18/31 5/27/31 6/ 3/31 6/19/31 7/ 7/31 7/28/31 9'12/24 9/30/24 10/21/24 10/26/24 5/27/31 5/27/31 5/27/31 6/19/31 1 riT RIVER INVESTIGATION 93 TABLt 45 Continued MISCELLANEOUS DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS, UPPER PIT RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES Name of stream Location of point of measurement Gage height, feet Discharge, C.f.8. Date KastCret'k Sec. 13. T. 39 N., R. 15 E. below 3 small ditches.- _ 7 3 10.0 9.0 12 9.2 9.38 <-14.75 9.94 9.41 6 20 4 70 4.65 6.42 7.81 7.48 4.82 3 41 1 00 .88 2 4 1.4 2.1 4.3 '•1.64 1.58 1 81 1.76 9 9 10 12 9.76 8.63 9.87 7.29 7 51 9.06 9 40 7 00 7 04 14 5 8 9.7 14 1.5 b*.25 .39 .38 .34 •'.70 '".76 3.03 2.7 18 14 1.8 2.8 ba.sa b.35 •'.36 ''.71 ''1.31 ''1 89 '■2.41 9/20/24 Sec. 13. T. 39 N.. R. 15 E. below 1 small ditch 9/22/24 Sec. 13. T. 39 N.. R. 15 E. below 1 small diUh 9/30/24 Sec. 13, T. 39 .\.. R. 15 R Sec. 13. T. 39 N".. R. 15 E Above diversions 10/21/24 10/26/24 8/ 5/30 .\bove divcrsion.s 5/22/31 .\bove diversions 6/ 3/31 .\l)ove diversions 6/19/31 .\bove diversions i 7/ 7/31 .\bove diversions 7/28/31 Above di versions 8/11/31 Above diversions 9/19/31 Below Campbell-Flournov fence 6/ 4/31 Harvey Creek Below Campbell-Flournov fence 6/19/31 Below Catnpbell-Flournoy fence 11 7/31 Below Catiipbell-FIournov fence 7/28/31 Below Flouriioy diversions 8/22/31 Below Flournoy diversions 9/ 5/31 .\bove diversions _ 9/20/24 West Valley Creek Above diversions 9/30/24 Above diversions 10/21/24 Above diversions .- 10/26/24 Above diversions 5/21/31 Above diversions 6/ 5/31 Above diversions 6/25/31 .4 bove diversions .. 11 8/31 Above Van Loan Ditch 9/ 5/24 Warm Creek (tributary West Valley Creek) ... Above Van Loan Ditch 9/17/24 Above Van Loan Ditch. . .. 10/ 1/24 Above Van Loan Ditch _ 5/29/31 Above Van Loan Ditch .. 6/ 8/31 .\bove Van Loan Ditch 6/24/31 Above Van Loan Ditch 11 7/31 Above Van Loan Ditch . 7/28/31 .Above Van Loan Ditch 8/15/31 Above Van Loan Ditch 8/21/31 .Above Van Loan Ditch 8/31/31 .Above V'an Loan Ditch 9/10/31 -Abandoned gaging station near mouth Abandoned gaging station near mouth .Abandoned gaging station near mouth .Abandoned gaging station near mouth At South Fork Pit River 3 00 2.74 2 90 3.00 8/19/24 8/23/24 10/ 1/24 10/21/24 7/ 2/26 Sec. 15. T. 38 N., R. 14 E. 8/19/24 Cedar Creek Above diversions 5/29/31 .\bove diversions. 6 24/31 .Above diversions 7/ 7/31 Sec. 32. T. 38 N.. R. 14 K. Sec. 32, T. 38 N., R. 14 E. 8/25/24 -■tone Canyon 10/10/24 Above diversions.- 4/ 4/30 FiUhugh Creek Near Alturas .. 9/15/04 North Fork Fitzhugh Creek ^outh Fork Fitzhugh Creek Doten ranch, 10 miles South of Altur;is 11 2/05 Doten ranch, 10 miles south of .Alturas.. .. 7/25/05 Doten ranch, 10 miles south of .Alturas 9/ 7/05 Doten ranch, 10 miles south of .Alturas 9/16/05 1,000 feet below junction N. and S. Forks. . 8/29/24 1,000 feet below junction N. and S. Forks. . 9/ 8/24 Sec. 28, T. 41 N., R. 14 E. 9/ 8/24 Sec. 28, T. 41 X., R. 14 E. . . .. 9/29/24 Sec. 28, T. 41 N., R. 14 E. 10/14/24 9/ 8/24 Sec. 3, T. 40 N., R. 14 E Sec. 3,T. 40N., R. 14 E. . 9/29/24 Sec. 3, T. 40 X., R. 14 E 10/14/24 94 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES TABLE 45 Continued MISCELLANEOUS DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS, UPPER PIT RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES Name of stream Pine Creek . Slough out of South Fork of Pit River - Roy WilHams Reservoir Spring Spring east of S. P. Tank Spring at S. P. Tank Spring west of S. P. Tank Geo. Williams House Spring..- Geo. Williams Milk House Spring Big Spring Creek. Little Valley Spring Creek Smokey Charlie Spring Sim Bayley (Metzler Springs). Indian Springs No. 1 (Roy Wil- liams) . - - Indian Springs No. 2 Indian Springs No. 3... Indian Springs No. 4 Indian Springs No. 5 Indian Springs No. 6 (Spring west of S. P. tank). Indian Springs No. 7 Indian Springs No. 8 - . McGarva Springs and Creek (Holden or Bergstrom Springs) . Geo. Williams Springs and Creok Location of point of measurement 7 miles east of Alturas 7 miles east of .Alturas .\bove Power Diversion .Above Power Diversion Below Power Diversion Below Power Diversion .\hove Power House.. Near Cor. 27-28-33-34, T. 42 N. At Sweeney Lane .\t Sweeney Lane... R. 13 E. At railroad bridge .\lturas. Below S. P. tracks At outlet -- Below S. P. tank overflow. Below S. P. tracks At head of ditch Below small reservoir Geo. Williams ranch . . . Geo. Williams ranch Sec. 13, T. 39N., R. 12E. Sec. 13, T. 39 N., R. 12 E. North of Stone Canyon. . _ Sec.ll, T. 39N., R. 12E. Sec. ll.T. 39N., R. 12 E. South of Christensen — . . Sec. 21 &22, T. 39N., U. 13 E. Sec. 21 4 22, T. 39 N.. R. 13 E.. Sec. 21 & 22, T. 39 N., R. 13 E. Sec. 21 & 22, T. 39 N., R. 13 E. Sec. 21 & 22, T. 39 N., R. 13 E.. Sec. 21 &22, T. 39N., R. 13 E.. Sec. 21 & 22, T. 39 N., R. 13 E.. Sec. 21 & 22, T. 39 N., R. 13 E.. Sec. 21 & 22, T. 39 N., R. 13 E.. Sec. 21 & 22. T. 39 N.. R. 13 E.. Sec. 21 & 22, T. 39 N., R. 13 E.. Sec. 21 4 22. T. 39N., R. 13E.. Sec. 21 4 22. T. 39 N., R. 13 E.. Sec. 21 4 22, T. 39 N., R. 13 E.. Sec. 21 4 22, T. 39 N.. R. 13 E. Sec. 21 4 22, T. 39 N., R. 13 E.. Sec. 17, T. 39 N., R. 13 E. Sec. 17. T. 39N.. R. 13 E. Sec. 17, T. 39N., R. 13E.. Sec. 17, T. 39N.. R. 13 E. Sec. 19. T. 39N.. R. 13 E. •Sec. 19, T. 39N., R. 13 E. Sec. 19. T. 39 N.. K. 13 E. Sec. 19. T. 39 N.. H. 13 E.. Sec. 19, T. 39 N., R. 13 E. Sec. 24, T. 39 N., R. 12 E. Sec. 24. T. 39 N., K. 12 E.. Sec. 24, T. 39 N., I{. 12 E.. Sec. 24, T. 39 N.. U. 12 E.. Gage height, feet Discharge, c.f.s. 12 4 11 3 17.24 7.G1 2.90 .50 19.96 5.24 7.00 2.98 9.68 1.00 .00 .18 .59 .21 .16 3.78 1.65 '>*.65 ''*.53 .11 '••.40 '•♦.10 .22 '•1.07 ''.82 '•.85 >'1.15 1-41 "27 ''.20 '•MO bVlO '•MO '■•.05 b.lS '"M5 '••.05 '•1.69 bl.20 '••.40 b'.SO ''•.20 .24 "3.55 '•5.19 '•5 54 '•5 35 1-5.34 ''4.93 b6.34 '-6.64 "8 55 Date 8/11/05 8/22/05 4/16/30 7/20/31 4/16/30 7/20/31 6/15/30 4/30/30 5/29/30 8/29/30 4/21/30 6/26/31 6/26/31 6/26/31 6/26/31 6/29/31 7/ 1/31 6/29/31 7/ 1/31 10/11/24 10/23/24 7/ 1/31 10/11/24 10/23/24 7/ 1/31 9/ 4/24 10/ 1/24 10/11/24 10/24/24 9/ 4/24 10/13/24 10/24/24 10/13/24 10/24/24 10/13/24 10/24 24 10/ 1/24 10/13/24 10/24/24 10/13/24 10/24/24 10/11/24 10/24,'24 10/11/24 10/24 24 9/ 3/24 9/23/24 10/ 2/24 10/11/24 10/23/24 9/ 3/24 10/ 2/24 10/ 8/24 10/23/24 PIT RIVER INVESTirjATTON 95 TABLE 45 Continued MISCELLANEOUS DISCHARCJE MEASUREMENTS, UPPER PEL RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES Name of stream Pit River (Hot Springs Valley). Ktkttl(»nake Creek (Big Sage Res- ervoir water) - Canyon Creek. Toms Creek. I! Hot Creek (Essex Baths). Arthur Essex Spring. Phillip Essex Spring. Location of point of measurement Kelly Lane . yi mile below McBrien Dam. 3 miles below Canby Big Sage outlet Big Sage outlet Big Sage outlet 500 feet below Big Sage Dam. Above Spicer meadow Above Spicer meadow Above Spicer meadow. Below Spicer diversion Below Spicer diversion . . Below Spicer diversion - Below Spicer diversion Below Spicer diversion - Below Spicer diversion Below Spicer diversion Below Spicer diversion Below Spicer diversion Below Spicer diversion - Below Spicer diversion , Below Spicer diversion Below Spicer diversion . _ Above diversions Above diversions. . . Above diversions . . . Above diversions Above diversions _ _ . Above diversions . _ . Above diversions . _ . Above diversions _ . . Above diversions Above diversions . . . Above diversions. . . Above diversions. .. Above diversions . . . .■Vbove diversions. . . .\bove diversions . . . .\bove diversions . . Above diversions , _ . Above Essex ranch. Above Essex r anch . Near Centerville . . Sec. 34, T. 41 N., R. 10 E Sec. 34, T. 41 N., R. 10 E Sec. 34, T. 41 N., R. 10 E Sec. 34, T. 41 N., R. 10 E Road crossing above Marlett ranch. Road crossing below Marlett ranch. .^bove Caldwell diversions .Above Caldwell diversions .\bove Caldwell diversions Above Caldwell diversions .Above Caldwell diversions Above Caldwell diversions Above Caldwell diversions •Above Caldwell diversions .Above Caldwell diversions .\bove Caldwell diversions .\bove Caldwell diversions Sec. 9, T. 42 N., R. 11 E. Sec. 9, T. 42 N',, R. 11 E. .Sec. 9, T. 42 N., R. 11 E. Sec. 9, T. 42 N., R. 11 E. Sec. 9, T. 42 .N., R. 11 K. 50 feet below Highway- Sec. 21, T. 41 N.. R. 11 E. At outlet \t outlet .\t Highway Gage height, feet 275 .1)35 .190 1 51 2.50 2.49 2 51 2 50 2 41 2 33 2.29 .75 .45 2 55 2 39 2.46 2.55 2 30 2 32 2 45 1.96 2.21 1.93 Discharge, c.f.s. 78.9 101 .5 30 80 4 81 30 66.26 63.99 87.46 69.31 47 35 50 48 57.47 60 39 47 30 80.89 80.74 50 28 34 75 13.92 70 01 54.80 45 41 18 2.7 2.5 3 18 .98 .55 91 7 5. 2 1 68 1 68 1.57 1.87 1 68 3.43 2 03 1 20 1 26 3 17 .58 3.8 t'.78 b 95 ''73 ''95 1 00 .25 8 02 3.54 5 00 7.30 2 34 2 29 4 60 67 3 20 2.00 .60 ''1 61 b2.03 ''2.58 i'2.30 •'2 47 2.00 TIS 1 13 .96 1 15 Date 5/30/29 6/16/17 9/13/21 6/ 2/31 7/17/31 9/ 4/31 7/ 3/30 5/29/29 6/16/30 7/ 4/30 4/15/31 4/16/31 4/18/31 4/19/31 4/25/31 5/ 9/31 5/11/31 5/27/31 5/29/31 6/ 4/31 6/11/31 6/17/31 6/22/31 8/31/24 9/26/24 10/ 4/24 10/20/24 9/14/26 4/ 3/30 4/17/30 6/ 3/30 6/27/30 7/ 3/30 8/ 2/30 8/14/30 9/ 6/30 4/ 2/31 5/18/31 7/ 2/31 9/17/31 4/17/30 9/ 6/30 9/14/04 8/31/24 9/26/24 10/ 4/24 10/20/24 7/ 2 31 7/ 2/31 4/ 3/30 4/14 '30 4/26/30 6/ 3 '30 6/27/30 7/ 3/30 8/ 2/30 4/ 2/31 5/19/31 7/ 2/31 9/17/31 9/ 1/24 9/25/24 10/ 5/24 10/18/24 10/30/24 7/16/31 10/10/24 9/ 6/30 5/18/31 7/16/31 96 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES TABLE 45 Continued MISCELLANEOUS DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS, UPPER PIT RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES Name of stream Location of point of measurement Gage height, feet Discharge, c.f.s. Date Essex Spring Creek . Sec. 26. T. 43 N.. R. 10 E. b.46 •'.53 1-84 ^.87 bvas b.58 .58 b.56 ''.54 k.86 >'.95 b.65 .74 .78 .95 .30 1.20 .60 18 6 6 12 31 8.4 1.5 2.2 155 57 29 9 9 2 5 427 8 6 •'20 •'62 •'58 ''44 •'1.19 194 189 30 27 18 18 18 16 14 15 16 40 11 71 10 6 24 12 7.6 5 6 5.8 2 2 2 6 3 46 5.67 2.79 .21 .42 '"30 .52 9/ 1/24 Sec. 26, T. 34 N., R. 10 E. 10/ 4/24 Sec.26, T. 43 N., R. 10 E 10/19/24 Sec. 26. T. 43 N., R. 10 E. 10/30/24 S. X. or Huffman Springs Sec. 12, T. 42 N., R. lOE 9/ 1/24 Sec. 12, T. 42 N., R. lOE. 10/30/24 3/26/31 Kelly Hot Springs Sec. 29, T. 42 N., R. 10 E 8/31/24 Sec. 29, T. 42 N., R. lOE .-. 9/25/24 Sec.29, T. 42 N., R. lOE. 10/ 4/24 Sec. 29, T. 42 N., R. 10 E 10/19/24 Sec. 29, T. 42 N., R. 10 E 10/30/24 At outlet 4/ 5/30 At outlet-.. 4/11/30 .■Vt outlet - 7/15/31 Cooley Spring Sec. 12, T. 41 N., R. 9 E. 8/ 4/30 Townsend Sorini; Sec 12 T 41 X R 9 E 8/ 4/30 Allen Spring Sec. 12, T. 41 N., R. 9 E J^ mile below Turner Creek 8/ 4/30 Pit River (Big Valley) 8/30/24 3^ mi le below Tur ner Creek 10/ 3/24 yi mile below Turner Creek 10/19/24 *-^ mile below Turner Creek .. . . 10 '31/24 1 mile below Turner Creek 9/24/24 (tould bridge (Gouger Neck) 8/13/24 (iould bridge (Gouger Neck) 9/19/24 Lookout 6/13/05 Lookout 7/ 7/05 Lookout 7/20/05 Lookout , 8/19/05 Lookout 9/13/21 Biebcr 9/13/21 Muck Valley 4 01 1 94 5/30/27 MuckValley 7/24/28 Turner Creek Sec. 35, T. 42 N., R. 8 E 8/30/24 Sec. 35, T. 42 N!., R. 8 E. 9/24/24 Sec. 35, T. 42 N., R. 8 E 10/ 3/24 Sec. 35, T. 42 N., R. 8 E 10 19/24 Sec. 35, T. 42 N., R. 8 E 10/31/24 Ash Creek Ash Valley 4/ 5/04 Ash Valley 5/ 5/04 Ash Valley. 6/ 4/04 Ash Valley.. 6/10/04 Sec. 29, T. 39 N., R. 10 E. . .55 .58 .61 .58 54 .58 .58 1.02 8/20/24 Sec. 29, T. 39 \., R. lOE 9/19/24 Sec. 29, T. 39 .\.. R 10 E 8/21/25 Sec. 29, T. 39 N., R. 10 E. 4/29/26 Sec. 29, T. :;') N., R. 10 E. 9/ 14/26 Sec. 29, T. 39 N., R. 10 E 9/28/26 Sec. 29, T 39 N., R 10 E 9 '28/26 Sec. 29, T. 39 N., R. lOE 5/29/27 Above Krcsge Dam 6/ 2/29 Adin 9/13/21 Cottonwood Creek (tributary Ash Creek) 300 feet above junction with Ash Creek .. 3/24/30 Rush Creek (tributary Ash Creek) Round Valley 6/12/04 Round Valley 8/30/04 Round V'alley 7/18/05 Round Valley 9/22/05 2 miles above mouth, below 1 smalldiversion 2 miles above mouth, below 1 .':mall diversion 2 Hiilesabovo mouth, below I suiulldivcr.'^ion 2 milesabove mouth, below 1 smalldiversion 2 milesabove mouth, below 1 smalldiversion Head of Bath Upper Ditch 9/16/24 9/25/24 Butte Creek (tributary Ash Creek) . 4.27 4 30 4 23 11 '13/29 5/13/30 6/ 9/31 0/10/31 Below Bath irrigated land 6/10/31 Sec. 24, T. 3H N., H. 10 E 8/15/24 Above head Nile,'* I'pper Ditch 6/10/31 PIT RIVER INVESTIGATION 97 TABLE 45- Continued MISCELLANEOUS DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS, UPPER PIT RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES Name of stream Willow Creek (tributary Ash Creek) ij Widow Valley Creek. Pit River (below Big Valley). ' Horse Creek. I ; Spring in Dixie Valley Bobs Creek Beaver Cre^k Location of point of measurement Near Adin Near Adin Near Adin Near Adin... 6 miles above mouth. 6 miles above mouth. 6 miles above mouth. 6 miles above mouth . 6 miles above mouth. J4 mile below Vicker ranch house. ^ mile below Vicker ranch house. yi mile below Vicker ranch house. V$ mile below Vicker ranch house. )^ mile below Vicker ranch house. Sec.3, T. 36N., R. 6E.. Sec. 3, T.36N., R. 6E.. Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville. _ Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville.. Pittville Pittville.. Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville. Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville Pittville. Pittville Pittville. Pittville -.. Pittville Pittville - Pittville Ix)wer end Dixie Valley. Lower end Dixie Valley. Head of Bognuda ranch. In Little Valley Lower end Little Valley. At mouth At mouth Below C. W. Clark ranch house. Sec. 23, T. 36 N., R. 6 E 0.3 miles above county road crossing. Near mouth. Near mouth. Gage height, feet .50 .45 1.39 .87 .95 .56 .46 .50 47 1 49 1 40 1 68 2 22 1 73 2 04 2 11 2.76 2.40 1 98 .48 Discharge, c.f.s. 5 6 5 5.7 4 4 5.7 5 6 4 6 6.6 5.2 4 3 4 5 4.7 4.1 10 8 2 10 30 36 31 12 25 32 33 29 47 29 41 30 1.2 11 1.2 •2 15 11 51 58 56 69 35 54 31 35 17 13 10 11 65 00 84 277 112 177 202 533 302 147 12 2.81 3.38 2.68 9 4 7 6 4 4 3.9 2.36 b 27 35 3 2 3 3 Date 8/29/04 9/20/04 7/19/05 9/21/05 8/15/24 9/25/24 8/21/25 9/16/26 9/28/26 8/12/24 9/19/24 9/16/26 9/28/26 5/29/27 5/21/24 10/21/24 9/11/03 8/16/11 9/24/10 9/19/24 10/24/24 5/14/25 5/21/25 7/ 2/25 7/ 9/25 7/16/25 7/23/25 7/31/25 10/ 1/25 10/ 8/25 10/15/25 10/22/25 8/ 9/27 9/ 7/27 5/17/28 5/24/28 5/31/28 6/ 7/28 6/14/28 6/21/28 6/28/28 7/ 9/28 7/20/28 8/ 2/28 9/ 6/28 9/ 7/28 11/ 7/28 11/ 9/28 11/20/28 3/28/29 4/ 5/29 4/10/29 4/15/29 4/23/29 5/ 2/29 5/ 3/29 5/23/29 7/ 2/31 9/19/31 7/ 2/31 2/18/24 11/24/28 9/ 5/24 10/ 4/24 7/ 2/31 9/ 5/24 7/ 3/31 8/12/24 10/24/24 Records prior to October 1, 1928, obtained from publications of Water Resources Branch United States Geological Survey, except as noted below: ' Records of Division of Water Resources prior to this investigation, i" Records of Pacific Gas and Electric Company. ^' Measurements by W. J. Archer. 'Discharge estimated. 7—2706 D8 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES < u < H D CQ b: H Q Z < 0!: > Pi u a O IX J Q < U w Q Z < ■< o a >■ H z o Q .J u 0. O o = E o o a a E o :s :s S^ ■- 2 o B O U5 + CCcco^ '-'C^rocaoc^ 00 CJ c* ~ o-«c> iC — O : o — a ^ S 3 O t; O ■^irO-3 — ^^c 1- ■C 3 c-o 2 •3 S-S S(£ oSo S(£ s3d is = t — PI PIT RIVER INVESTIGATION 99 a s a •^ toK w<\ ii? :« a ki O 1111 1 1 1 1 1|^ 1 I 1 1 11 11 1 1 lo 1 11111 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 05 1 1 ' 1 II t ' 1 1 IC4 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I TT II III I 1111' ooo eocc»o 250 115 200 154 70 2,485 "'"250" " 740 30 300 100 307 40 (•) oooo OO ' ■ »o »o o oooot^oo OO oo iOO-^--«0 O-^O 1 ' cccoO-«r OO'" t^ ':o o oOio«c:oo -xito ceo c^-^ -^ eO'^W'< 11"^ • ( Alfalfa... ... Grain hay Meadow hay Meadow hay Pasture Meadow hay Meadow hay Meadow hay Grain hay Meadow hay Wheat Sugar beets Pasture Meadow hay Pasture Meadow hay Pasture. Alfalfa. Meadow hay Alfalfa. Meadow hay Orchard Potatoes Pasture Alfalfa Grain hay Rye 1 i ::?^ , . . < II ,o - ■ ' > 1 1 1 1 11 III III III -o ' 1 ifoaioo O • 1 « < ' ' ' 111 . 1 1 iT»< 1 r .-M^r^ .III 1 1 t ^H ) 1 1 1 till t 1 111 III III! 1 11^-1 OO 1 I 1 OOO I t O O O CO 'O 1 O t oo 1 lO O O 10 0:0 1 1 1 0»0 1 • 1 «0 ■ ' t OC3»0 1 1 O Ci (M t^ en 1 O I O «5 I -^ *C CC TffCOfM 1 1 < OC^ I • 1 ^ t 1 t eoo^ 1 • ^-< CO w 00 " c^ 1 »o 1 CQco « -^ iM i i i i < i i 1 'i ! t CO I ; I ^ i III III kn 111 C)OC^C-1':7^ ^0(M0 CO CO C-1 CO — coco ^* TO CICO'^ i • « tOiOX>tO(MOO NO p-O -H c:oc"50 ooo — — •v O -n* o eo o o o o o »« r^ oo ooo o o ^- ^- re oo to o i^ 03 CIS o -a S >, ^, ^ ^ J S g -^ o •- -a 3 c-a 3 C3 flj » OS S S <^ s§ ?; 3 Sr.o 01 .2 a >> a.0^ o. o, a i o O S cs ••* ♦J O ■a B ■g s H a eg » 1 •a a s 100 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES 01 3 C c u i CO < CO u I— I < OS Q Z < OS u > Hi 3 o a: b Q u H < O 5 a: CO Q Z < < o H Z o to O Q. O o •o c CO o ■£ es OS ~» d ^ >» o E g a S ftj— , fc. b "tS 2* 95 o O o o >■ c c a s 4> ^ :s! ^ N» O • , , ," lOOO itOlOlO O ^ 1 »-H r-t TS § *i^ "e CQ • I ■R "3 , <•» ^ so c W5 S i C 9 = or-O oc o «o o (N — ^« ro oo as CO t- ' ic CS — CO Q) ^ '- — ■ — ;■ 05 _0 60 cn Num of irri tier — PC CI ;- ■«f S? lo »^ £; »« c o »C O « 3 o o r^ u^ CJ ^ CS 3 o o o o o o ro CO t^OM t« U5 cs-»r«— — oo t^ •o < — 00 CS ro c. >> 1 ■ >, .' >. >» I >> >. >. c3 . ! C3 . C9 03 1 sa cd a & ■a < 1 ' >»J= < A >.-= >^ ^ .c St; u : 2 » . ' s J » : » » » O = := " a o rt-^ c >, .*i ea o -«J o o 1J5 ■^ -^ c3 "r =51 ^•i's|i» =5'§ t 1 1 S g 5 c: 2 § b t^ V ^ o J2. CJ a -i c — <-j;2:3 <2 o i."^ H X « re = U5>« O xn le o •* »o CS C^ OJ :d Z^ CS r- o H ', ■i: •n IC U5 lOO u5 c: oo coomiooo ooo coo Q o o C*5 CO t^ o e^ toua cccs — * — cc oooo CC '•ruS o < — Qt* es c^ ro CS >> ! 1 >, ! >> \ 1 >> ■i : 4> ' >1 >. ce , ! a t3 1 ! ? « M s. JS > . >.-= JS • >.-a ua -a o iv 4> ■■Sg- . » ■ a :js 03 ; » g O o t- •: 3 o r J;-2 a >i ' «> V " - — 95 -AA _o o •o = = *— c-c^ SS = *-*— cS -n Mea Orch Past •^ i 1 S 1 s ill s.|i 3 « i -^^J 5 s — •• '"" ^ '"'■ Y a if OQ 7, s c>: •3 2 d 09 o •a n 3 o '3 BQ X A A fc- -^ C C2_ ^ < a JLl Si a > s c S PIT RIVER INVESTIGATION ini S! O a 6 a si a c a :i? :?; — Oi ^ 3 — »cc^ s CO C^ PO N o o s »o o I 5oS >> 2 » _ S cu ^ T3 C3 ** J3 O 3 ecu ■a S^-2 3 •§ S-S ^ot-fc^tc WW's 2ooa-c -iCCc- 5 S a S " 3 5 o e :s :s ::s; OOP t- CO p5\ ooS, ^ o OOC-1 OD ec »o O ..Oi«i ,b,ii. ....1. CI 1 1 ^ 1 ^H 1 . to t 1 . 1 • 1 1 1 1 — O llili o wiioo'iiiio u5 n <-ii Tr|'|iiO]j|| llllll OJ CS c ITS . . O -- -H 1 1 1 o mottoo-* I •^ 1 1 1 1 ° |>or^ ; 1 O C ICO o ro 'M ?c iCC^ o ooo COC4 CVJ O O iC W5 ^ o CI :0 ^ ^ Ci -' ? "5 S 3 fl^ L -i 3 T" fli '-' -^- s^ es " >. - c: ci t; 5:^ p .S .2 *- "V "* — ^-3 -^"'^ &- __, ^ O 3 0.0. Sai : o , S-T3 T3 3 2^ 3 (* 3-*^ r' 50*- 3 uj .ja ^ *j ■— 3-r ^ ?^ ■** J o C " 3 e « o lb a s ■J CO c3 O 102 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES u < H c2 H Q Z < u > OS 3 C/) Q Z <: < u a >- H Z o Q ? O o: u c Oi a- d b T) 1 Q C ^ U CO ■^ H o III < rr u O CQ < a: cS "rt 13 >> ^ >» i a s a) j:-* >- ^ t> "tf ■" Q. o o o -— cs c a s * »o :i ::?^ 2 <= 1 1 1 lift w 1 1 1 1 *-( -:<: 3 § 0^ !/2 ■>. « o H s o o o o 00 o '■:r^ f oo • > i C OOO O i« c« O |i- 1 OiO 1 1 ■ CO H ?4 ^ l-< OS i:i.| !»■« ffi . >. >, 1 1 1 1 1 ! >^ I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :A 1 ! 1 1 >^ ! 1 . .-a 1 i ■ >^ 1 , . 1^ 1 1 £ '■ K & ^ _£3 ^ ^ CJ V ' fc-O a> a> '»','. o r! O o o ■" o ~ a i. 3 o i: o t. a o >. ■ *j i:T3 -o -^ Grain Mead Gardt Potat Pastu >--a «i? 3 ^-3 5? • rt C3 rt 2 eS Alfal Mea Orch Pota Past Alfal Mea Barli Oats Whe "c« t- >» s > "rt -*A o H 1 <_; oo • U50 1 OOO i 'i '< o o oo t 1 lOO 1 1 o — o ■ IC o > ciT^n I 1 1 ■<(<•«" ' ■ CM O 1 1 O H lO I— 1 ' »-* 1 C^i — II CO 1 1 OS Number of irriga- tions o (M »< oo CO ^:^ CM CM •^ \ ■nu5 ?! . 1 >. 1 i >. 1 i 1 >^ I 1 1 1 >> 1 1 i 1 >> 1 1 a , a . . 3 . 1 , d , , 1 d 1 , 1 3 1 1 Q. ja >,-a . >.-a . ' >>-a , , . 1^ 1 , . « O tr o !. ■H = 13 CT3 S C-O 3 Alfalf Grain Mead Garde Potat. Pastu vi:--! a iS 3 Grai Mea Barli Grai Mea Past Alfal Mea Orch Pota Past -s i 3 1 a 1 *-5 ' " r1 ■ o 9 : g ;! 15 ; J:' i o < CO < i Q a V -a W J3 bi 1 1 1 1 1 PIT KIVER INVESTIGATION 103 -5 i 1 ^ :st :s. X X :j? 2 1 : :ci OsS ^ ::S! I 00 c^ ^*^0 o re = = in — to o o o o c o ^ = ■n o o o o o ■k ! >> >> >l >% >. >. >> >. >> > si \£ . a a a C8 a a 3 sS a « ■ JS >. >. j: ^ J3 ji j= ja ja ja M x: '■ * S 2 5 !! » » » » » » » » & » » a o a— 5 o o O o o o o o o C 8 u2-n ■^ ^ c '- c -t ■o -a -a •a •o -a -3 -o T •a 3S ^-■5 J3a5 CS a rt •s 3-^ s « a; 5S:2:2 _ a o g 5 c J S 5-2 -g — ^ '^ o H ja ja » o » » » S S S S V c: O .^ X a o c. 02 OQ S 5 S i s 1 C3 O O O a ;*; » E o o y ^ -o J3 ?f ^ S CU 5 tS 104 DI\nSION OF WATER RESOURCES C (9 1 o c C3 o c 1.. o Z o o Z "3 a o s •CO • GO •a e9 o 1-H ■ as • £ OQ '^ "3 ■*;> o H o 2 oc o r» o« 1 o — »^ ,^ o CO irat--' torn • o »f: »/5 m ; M CO fe« 2 ^ M M m C-J c^ c^ o — o C<3 o N ■^ O I '>oo» lom o •« • CO CJ CM — o 2; WOO oooooo o o lO oo — o; o ui »r: »rt o o V . 1 1 >. ! >, >> 1 >> 1 GO < , d , e3 d . ? p. o '^ 1 >.J= . ^ >> -a >^ a c 1 d-u £ e4 > » o 3-^ o oil's y 5-s 3 Ijll -3 J -^■s^ V 09 _ 3^1;^ — __ zi 03 03 C3 ;e ^ "-& B E ~ — C E S -^ c b. fca fc. rt C O o C o O o i** 3 e c Im C e e c ■^ to :f: ;s^ o if^ :st :s! • o o ■■» \ lo 00 09 »-l 'C^ • 1 jco -^ < ^ o> IH ff3 Icq I _aj M '>* "fiO •4^ e2 o kO oco ■o o oo I o oo ^ CO \ti 1 M •o^^os M »o c«o • o u: — t^ r^ o H oo ■ c^ ^ 2 i3«i •2-- o CMMCM = = - TO O -^c*a £ : : s — o C^IO o lOirs o >n C<1 S — t-- »- MIC »cec ■^ CO tC oc. ■^ — ' *0'*3 •^ CO W3 ' < M C-1 _ , 1 1 1 ; \i is? ; & ^ '; : '; ^ : & 1- O • >,-o >.ja . ^ > J3 . -^ji . *« ci «■= 5 g i £ 09 -t^ j£ ^lis 1 09 03 .J3 1- ■s £ .■-l-S — ■-_ « o « 1= 3 2^ o a a; -a c8 « 3 := CT3 2 03 — '-„ S -i:cft- <0-iCCUB. <:=: -»:cu C-sa-B- o:c S-SO =- > I 1 »^ 'i >^ 1 >> ;>; 1 >> 1 >% ', >. S^ tA . >> OS . . M . C3 1 09 1 C9 . «) . ca 1 A 03 03 < 03 .13 . < J3 >>-a >,^ <^ >.-a ■ .i3 >,-o Ji J3 i^ ^ Sl3 '. s -s^ .Sg : » SS-ri c QJ & 3 &-" c fe » : & o >. 01 o ■" - a T3 3 •^-o CT3 CT3 ca-a a-a a TS c-o ^ T3 ■^ <^-T3 ■s a. s-g So S -* ■3 g c5s -'2 2-f a ■s a. 2 S 5 2 St aSc a s 0-D- 03 J2 2 — __ . C3 rt n ca 53 6 a s s a H 5 c L. c e B a c z :^ 3 ^ ;s5: CO— ooooo — c^ 2 & O) OS J3 . OS i-Ji; ca »-j;i >irT e3 08 3 t;T3 i= c-a o a o S-TJ <«i "2^ W 73 '-' ^ S^ w • S uJ OJ tJ ^ *^ M ^ r::^ ^ c3 o 03 o o c« o eS CS gs cd :*: c CO c Si o O ■-5 Km V CO 03 a ■3 > e« >, b >. .0 OJ 13 a « « « ra 'S 05 'S ra ^ cE 106 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES u a. < H O BO H O Z < > U a D O Q Hi H < o z < o > H z o to Q 0. O a. u T3 C CO o •« 05 c L. i; 2 a c3 ^ >> S e -^ ^ c —. s C-r; kl * ^ eS Ld •n o- o o o o o o a o. c c c c H s >g \-* ar 1 o Z O :?; SP5 o Z :s !o I ; ; lo JS Jo» '• 1 I •« o 2 a V CO 1 ■^ * sa "o H 03 a c — 3> o :s ; ^ ceo o o oS r^ oo •o c^ E- c^ - - « S„ > ■ in cS ^ M K •^ s'Ei ^- ^ ■^ ^^ ^^ re ■" re •— C-) r: -^ ^-t 3--VS Z*o tc «: en ' t^OJ £ o o oo >» »os •n ^ iQ o C — o o o U oooo o c^ ^ r* o t^nu: oc < (MCC « C-) 3:> i >^ >. >l >■ >» 1 >, >% 1 C9 OS e3 a , a a 2 .•« M '. » ' » 3= t » » J6 ■o _ a. » o v2-2 "S 5 o o t o O •^ o ^ b r^ ^ o -s "2 " -o -a C-3 S :3 _J - -o 3ll| 5 '•' ^ 3 rt ■g Si "1 i1 09 fc- tl Im b k e ^ eS Q, fe o s o o o o o o ^1 J§ fe c c c c § a < z :s :^ :s ;5^ :^ z ^ o ■ 1 !ta CQ O 1 •i a> • 2 o CC ■^ 09 O H m a lOO o o lO o Q MO o o C^ ITD o o r^ o •o •o o H c^ « •V C-1 ec ' ISs il-i COM •«r CO w IN O •«' IM 1(7 1(5 tn c-j n £: C =li« O «o CO U3 o ^ o oo ^o o O u oooooc «D uxa r* o W5 U5 *n 00 -j: ^- M ^f (M Cl ec oo >> »^ >, >, >^ >^ 1 >^ s^ ca es s a « a ' 09 as o JQ Jl .a ja JS ji >.-a ^ » flj s * jj » » » -SI- T3 _ ft O a o ^ ^ o o £ o o o ■i. o ^ o ^=•3 3 = T3 -a 3 -c -o ■a = -o « ^•f5 -o ^ rt fij ■** a 53 *^ 53 a « ■3 53 SJ rt — *- ^^ 53 S si 3 u S ? s^ e 5 g oc:£ V s S s s CS^ s 1 t 1 ^ 1 ■ * 5 OB [ (a3 S > ; ; ■g eg a ' cQ is 5S • : d •-J 1 03 B < •J d ■-9 d CO a ^ 0. ■c S c o 09 09 v o 15 B o 08 4J o o JS S 2^ :15 :i^ s '^ E- 1 es » js »£ .'^ j« a-S -Mb. O J= ^-i ■=3 — z • fe^^ z = £ ?j:^ "fee ^^:=: £:ti> ^3s s»X o IT" J3 ■ — CU — > served by served w ater from 3 O C t ■s 1 £: 3 "3^ S3 = 5 riT RIVER INVESTIGATION 107 TABLE 47 SUMMARY OF CROP YIELDS ON TYPICAL LANDS IRRIGATLD FROM UPPER PIT RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES. UllOand \<)3\ 1930 1931 Area Crop Average number of irriga- tions Yield per acre '.\verage per cent of normal Crop .\verage number of irriga- tions Yield per acre 'Average per cent of normal Jess Valley Alf. 2.0 2.0 tons 100 Alf. 1.0 1.0 tons About 50 G. H. 2.0 2.0 tons G.H. 2.0 No data fkl^WUl W\J M.H. Cont. 1.1 tons M. H. Cont. 0.9 tons Orcb. 6.0 2.0 tons Orch. 6.0 0.3 tons Pot. 2..'j 4.0 tons Pot. 2.5 2.0 tons Gar. 10.0 1.0 tons Gar. 10.0 No data P. Cont. P. Cont. South Fork Valley Alf. 2.5 1.5 tons About 75 Alf. 2.1 1.6 tons About 50 G.H. 3.5 1.4 tons G.H. 0.7 0.7 tons M.H. 4.9 1.7 tons M.H. 2.3 1.^ tons Bar. 1.5 14.3 sacks Wht. 3.0 9.9 sacks Su. Bts. 3.0 2.0 tons Su. Bt^. 2.0 Failure St. Bts. 6.0 tons Orch. 6.0 No data Orch. 6.0 No data Pot. 2.0 20.0 sacks Gar. Cont. No data P. 6.0 Pot. 4.7 70.0 sacks P. 6.6 Pine Creek Alf. 2.0 2.0 tons About 60 Alf. 2.0 2.7 tons About 33 G.H. 2.0 1.3 tons G.H. 1.0 1.3 tons ^LH. 8.0 1.2 tons M.H. 5.0 1.0 tons Bar. 3.5 6. 7 sacks Wht. 1.9 tons Oats 2.0 6.5 sacks Orch. No data Wht. 3.5 5.3 sacks Gar. No data Orch. 2.5 2.0 tons Pot. 1.5 Failure Gar. 7.5 60.0 sacks P. 2.0 Pot. 2.5 50.0 sacks P. 8.0 N'orth Fork Valley and Alf. 1.6 2.0 tons About 50 Alf. 1.0 1.7 tons About 33 tributaries. G.H. 1.0 0.8 tons G.H. 1.0 0.7 tons M.H. 5.4 1.1 tons M.H. 2.7 0.7 tons Mix. H. 0.5 1.0 tons Mix. H. 1.0 0.8 tons Bar. 1.0 14.3 sacks Bar. 1.0 6.0 sacks Oatfi 1.0 20.0 sacks Oats 1.0 25.0 sacks Rye 1.0 7.6 sacks Wht. 1.0 10.7 sacks Wht. 1.0 10.5 sacks Orch. 2.0 1.0 tons Orch. 3.5 3.2 tons Gar. 9.0 No data Gar. 10.0 10.0 sacks Pou. 1.5 64.0 sacks Pot. 4.0 120.0 sacks P. 2.0 P. 10.0 Toms Creek Alf. 3.0 1.1 tons 100 Alf. 2.0 0.6 tons About 33 M. H. Xo data M.H. 2.0 1.2 tons Hot Springs Valley A\[. 3.0 2.0 tons 100 Alf. 1.4 tons About 50 (Area irrigated from M.H. 3.8 1.3 tons M. H.~ 2.8 0.9 tons Pit River and Big G.H. 2.0 1.0 tons G.H. 1.4 tons Sage waters). ^Vht. 0.3 4.2 sacks Wht. No data Pot. 4.0 72.0 sacks Pot. 70.0 sacks • Big Valley Alf. 3.0 1.8 tons 100 Alf 1.0 1.0 tons About 25 G.H. 1.0 0.1 tons G.H. 1.0 0.1 tons is. vm u y *i%M . M.H. 2.6 1.0 tons M.H. 1.6 0.6 tons Wht. 1.0 6.8 sacks Wht. 1.0 1.6 sacks Pot. 4.0 100.0 sacks Pot. 4.0 No data Orch. 2.0 Xodata Orch. 2.0 No data Gar. 10.0 No data 1 Gar. 10.0 No data 108 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES TABLE 47— Continued SUMMARY OF CROP YIELDS ON TYPICAL LANDS IRRIGATED FROM UPPER PIT RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES 1030 and 1931 1930 1931 .Area Crop .Average number of irriga- tions Yield per acre 'Average per cent of normal Crop Average number 01 irriga- tions Yield per acre 'Average per cent of normal .\sh Creek and tribu- Alf. 1.7 1.9 tons .About 75 Alf. 1.8 1.4 tons About 50 taries. G. H. 1.7 1.3 tons G. H. 1.5 1.2 tons M.H. 3.0 1.3 tons M.H. 3.5 1.0 tons Whl. 10.4 sacks Rye 1.0 tons Orch. 7.7 No data Wht. 10.8 sacL"! Gar. 18.0 No data Orch. Gar. 5.5 No data No data P. 2.0 P. 2.0 ' Water supply. Crop .\hbreviations: Alf. G. K. M.H. -Alfalfa — Grain Hay — Meadow Hay Mix. H.-.\lixed Hay Bar. — Barley Gar. — Garden Pot. — Potatoes Orch. —Orchard P. — Pasturo Su. Bts. — Sugar Beets St. BU.— Stock Beets Wht. —Wheat I 110 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES en Hi % H O S H Q z < oi > H 03 < u a, a. 2 o 9^ (Il Q u H < O o: (t u O < u a u < § s 1 ec. o H Si; oc "«f ic oc c: ^0 CO m t>. 00 31 c: -^ c^ 3 t^** ro CO i>- 00 -^ocr^-cicos ■lO^ r« -- eo co »oorO"^ro*-o«:o — aocir*— c^ ior~'MC^'<*"r^ (^« IN- 10 00 CI »o*0"^a5co^c;t^t^ci?o^-*oro — ^ — — — CI «0— U3-^ -^C^ .— 0^— e O CO 1 00 I I ^ I CO ! 1 > -»«C ' lilt ^ i i H i i^ ; i d i i i i : i i ; : i i : i i : .5 5 00 ' • ' • ' ■ ' i ' ' ' 1^ ' • 1 • • lesi 1 1 I 1 ' '• '< ! ' 1 oi^: 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 I I 1 ! Alfalfa and meadow hay 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 I ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ ! 1 1 lt~ I I ! I ! i i i i i i i i ; : i i : i i i : ; i is i : ; ; ; 1 1 1 1 1 i II 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 v-l 1 1 1 1 I Grain hay and meadow hay i 11 C004 o^^»Odoooo oor^ eo • co > oco-^oo-^c^o - ■«»« t^ co t^ 00 -^eo' io-«'r^ocoeo co® co * t^ I oiodoo^coio—'oo'odcsr^^o ift t^h-c^r^uDeo 10 -^ t r» t « eoci osco — O *o ■ « c^ « »2 co *-• -H ^H CO • ^ • l-tN '^ '^ ^ E a A. J. Cantrall Walter Cantrall W.S.Brooks Delia Beardsley and Bessie Johnson Felice Lconi J. D. Flournoy Co W.S.Brooks. A. J. Cantrall J. D. Flournoy Co J. D. Flournoy Co J. C. Van Loan P. B. McGarva (Blue Lake Ranch) R. C. Turrittin R. E. Williams and Marion G. Williams.. Indian Allotment A. Tornquist (Blevins) UouKlas McGarva K. A. Benedict and F.S.Benedict John Blevins and Cecil Blevins 0. E. Van Loan A. T. Coflman Jack Williams Est. (Indian Allotment). -- Indian Allotment S. J. Vaughon J. 1). Flournoy Company .N.E. McKee i ll S" : Mill Creek Soup Creek Harvey Creek Coyote Creek West Valley Area West Valley Creek Parsnip Creek South Fork Area South Fork Pit River.. I PIT RIVER INVESTIGATION 111 S';0 C^ -* — (M OO t>- »C — — '^ — ao r^ iCO-^'^;ooooo r>- (M -^ r- f^ CI ci o » ;D r- — d c ro — M «0 ^••^ »/^ — ,—. — _-_- »/? U5 cc *ft c< ■ cc re cc ■^ t^ — •-cr^oct-c; ^ — t^ir:cir^rc — t- — — — — "-iMr- OS c: : 35 « ^ a It" ^ > ^* T3 ■ — i = X - * S >.' ^ ti x i_'_ ^?: _ t X = —5 X X X < i ^ ^ -r^ ^ r — a ^ ^ 3 -r o V ~ u: — = S -: w >> "5 X ^ -!■■«• :S z^ ~ X 25 ^«*, "3 = o « E t> 3ii-s — — — t: I. rf S<< = • o > •a "2- = =» 3 S isz.'::x2;2S^fc.&-&L:— ja^O^iS X > o J" L. ~ J, .•^ > 1 .H ^3 2 S o .a s o » s ^ ^ •s a o to 93 •^ s 3 ec £ S I ^ S o 8.1 4« I 2 112 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES 3 C CQ < V) u < H D CQ h Q Z < OS Id > C 111 8 a, o a u. Q u H < O s u O < u b: u < § s o s o Ci M t^ CO d t^ rt t^ :0 r^ O so — t^ ^ c^ -^ c« cs oa r^ -^ co oo :o o O — *rt t^ -^ r^ '^j- o -^ r^ ■* t^ 00 C5 ci ■* GO — o oo c^ cts co »o oo r* r* us ■V^^C-5-^-^ — O--C00 — -"TC^CO rtO — COfOC^— -^M c CQ c o MM ' ^- o ' ' "5 ■*• Cl CC M «5 N — -> — O U5 a MO M c >o Oh •* ^ Si t^oo — t^ o re c^ ic OS ■ •* 1 « 1 "5S 1-^ c S O M to i o duj •a d -, i2 s < to C9 ^ •-< CO Id Grain hay and meadow hay CO'**' «o CO « t^ •♦« — o oo CO CO CO — t ,— t CO U3C* S2 S 1 s »-< s -ri c ■o B s 2 ] s 1 -o c 1 ^ S J 1 a 1 CO Q> C as -o c ■s 1 1 1 -i T3 C J d C 1 ai i c '3 2 i Q 1 s 1I c -< Q 1 1 5 -3 c 2i 01 . 1 Si 1- si a a: ^-3": ■<2 1 c 1 o E: c • 1^ -0 ■5 CQ S 1 S ■0 c OS c t U3 -Id 1 PIT HIVHK IXVKSTKJATIOX 113 ^m ^-^ C^ •— ^-ci^-c^*-*-^—* --ec «-* —' cc CJd'^c-i^-coc'*'— coco — — — — 1/5 coc^ ■ o — *CJO ■^ oo Tf o ■^ CO iC ^tf* -^ O oo ■* or* 03 0> OOCOiOOC^ ooooooo 00OOt^ *-> tyi : o--^ .-3 =4 a « S:Scc • • • • . ts ai w a K -, -3 01 c ■o 5: c ' fc " -' ; — -" I s eto;-^ g o fc ^jofc-aja- 'n to J3 *C CO 0-0 a a: a; >. . a^ CL,X O -c .- 3 = » c_o 3 a; O a ._ „ o *^ IS 8—2706 114 u < H 3 CO H Q Z < U •O > ^ b; .£ H O u. Q u H < O K U O < DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES o CTTC — t^ooi^rOiCOOCOO oocooooooc:*co cooosoooo 3 82 00 M ■^ irt M M — O »« CC OC 7^ 00»0« — O TT •**■ C^ I O T3 ^ < I c: = s « < E ■o ft 9 CD ■ tN.O« ^1 E O-o g . a. . C O O O S3 o 5Hco o d w ■ cob V o oo o br « si::" = 30 ^^2^ ooo obcira 6 E'^Ji'l^-S.-S-S-r, o o . . • . • ;-2 C4 CO CO c ea i~ K ca t ^ ■SO So PIT RIVER INVEftTIOATION 115 ooor^oss-QOt^ooo; ■ 3 o o o r- r^ o O — ^ *o -•rcft ^rc^wi-^-* O»or* — — oo^re^oeo — CO ^ l^J c^ — OiO (be* ■ ^ o to o OO O t^O O O 00 t*0 O OO O O O O C^-^:00^* c^»0(^»c*cro^rC'JM:ri00cs^^dcC'^ o^riciOCi •— — ' •— C^-^ —< CS-V COM O -^ «-" «3 - X a; S Qo c g m ? =:' " X : s 6£k.-i,^.„ _^*^.^ • -= •^~-_- .-;: c :-= -_=— c I C X S B ja a o a o 4S>: :aJ'.<-_-:s- : -; O — fe.' S fc J inf = —•■« = -33 CO S ^ S '5 '-^ ■ — z ■- g - - 3 o . . x^ |o d o « S > ^-* 60 >> >-• > s "55 -^ 3H £.; ^ g — z o c I □Q oa o CO a o >> a cs O s o H 116 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES ■D u 3 C U 2 < H Q Z < > 5 u < (3 05 i (V o OS b Q u H < O 2 (I] 6 5 ^ — r^O OJCOTfUS — SOOiiOOS— »3ioc^ooooooooooooc:o c^coc^ :D^»Cl^»co:00»C 1 1 I ! CO < •» ' i 1 i 1 ! 1 1 '< 1 1 i i 1 I I ) III 1 1 I? 1 1 ! !■* 1^ i 1 I 1 i ' i ' ' ' ' i ' ' ' 1 ' O 11 i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i ' ' i° i ' ' i ' ' i i i i i III 1 1 1 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 f^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' ' I 1 t 1 t I 1 t 1 1 a-^ I 11 ' ' ' u5 ' "» 00 ! ' i ! ' — i i ! ! ' i ' ' .' 1 ! 1 1 I i 1 1 ' ill CO 1 -^' t«i 1 I 1 1 i •» 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lit * ' • t-< 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t t 1 1 t 1 6 i 1 1 00-HtO 1 1 1 'u5 1 l«ON lo I ! i i 1 ' i 'o ' 1 1 • ' 1 1 1 r^coio ' ' • '© ' ' — 00 'CO ' • 't^ I'll! 1 1 1 — — » ' , , "^ 1 'CO. 'CO ' i 1 1 1 1 1 '« ill •• ''.'• '.. '• ''!''. ''C)''''l ' ' ' ' t ' < 1 . 1 I 1 ' • ' t ' 1 1 < 1 1 1 ojc^ico ' — oio ^ to i lOTi-o e^ o oo 'ooooooooco t ' ' —COOO ' OS CO CO '— 1 — C«4 CD t^ t^ -^ 00 . — CO -^ lO -^ CO CO Ci co-^ ' 1 ' r»» .^ -oocooo ICO 1 Oi 05 c 1 ' I ' e4 I • CO ' II' 1 ' ' 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 ' t ' 1 < 1 » ■ 1 1 ' i ' I 1 Grain hay and meadow hay ' ' ' ' 1 ' ' ' ' ' t 1 1 1 '''•''>' 1 ' t 1 — t^o 1 I 1 1 1 1 .' 1 I I 1 1 ! ! I lo ' 1 i ■ • > • • • jo oi CO N 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 «' 1 1 • 1 1 1 • 1 1 . t- IC CO I 1 1 1 1 1 » t < '^ 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t» Name First National Bank of Alturas E.E.Caldwell Open land (Caldwell) .--- Dorris Eades Mrs. E. Kasperet al A. Criss O.J.Gould O.J.Gould .Mrs. E. M. Hines A.Gould - J. E. Kresge - Willis Joiner Francis Miller F. C. Robinson - H. M. Roberts -- Joseph .\rWrew8 Ralph D. and Truman A. OUar A. and T. Thrasher D. M. Courtright J.J. Potter .- C. R. Brown J. W. and E. Stevenson G. W. Harvey A. G. and Gertrude Eades A. L. Hayes Frank M.Blair W. H. Gerig s S < > i PIT RIVER INVESTIGATION 117 o occjcocot^a'-oocoooc^oooo-'Ooooo ocooio^ftooo oo»n dtftooo r-*** »n n -^-^ > -o -^ c^i — lO »o :7i *^ lO o -- oc c 0> .-t <— C -- QC ' t^ -^ c-) — r— — o 00 ~- ^r C: *i^ ■^ ^ T »C •V c^ « re ; --I cc c^i •fl' W5 i'.o*co:cTr'^t^o^^^CM — .-« ■ t* -H oo ■* 3i ic cc — oc t>« ro cc O eo c O ic :o O t^ O c o o ^ r- ■ o Cac£ 9 o s^-s: S-i s:^ =C a £ V s iS^ ^ u <-3 o -j: J *3 t k. c; O >> < J __!- a S S e eg ^11 - " « g = _ S-^ 3 oj « P O 4-- c t = K;^ — S — 050:: -a: 0!= 3 -JC a. o I a 3 118 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES 2 H 03 a: H Q z > a: u a. 0. O a u, Q u H < O u O < u a: u < a s o OOCOO»OC4h-C4CO--OOi«*^':00»«Ot--'<*'(NfO-^M3SC^M»-COt-* — OOCCOt-Ol-^l* oooC'*r^r^OiMco^^-r!3;3;OiCC^i'^ooc:ro— •oooaooasroioi^co-j'r^'*:^--— c- — * ooiccim^ • ' < ! < • • ' > ■ • • ■ ' 1^ ! ! ' ! ! !r^ ! a 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 !! 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 !too 1 ! 1 ! 100 ! ! 1 < 1 I t 1 ! ! ! Ill ■ -^C4 CO 1 t 1 I 1 1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 • 1 1 1 II. i^ift ' 1 . — r* ' .t^!0 , ' ' ' 1 1 .ca-^o o TT 1 • > 1 < 1 1 ' 1 i-i 1 1 -OOOa ' 'SOiO 1 1 1 1 1 ' lOOIMC^ I'll 'OOi ' ' ' ' 'M ' i»c» 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r~oo ; ; ; ; ;->-• 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 Id i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' ! ! 1 I 1 1 1 • 1 ! 1 1 I— I > ! I 1 1 1 i I 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 I 1 1 1 < 1 1 ' 1 'O* 1 1 1 t t 1 1 1 . !*''''!!!!! I !!! I !! I 1 1 1 !! 1 !!!!!!!!! 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I ! 1 ! 1 !!!! 1 I ! 1 o . a, J3 J? 00 CD O oo C^ oo « eO -^ 1 »raiOOltO00 W OC^ ' lO-^OOiOfM 'OO— 4 'ONW ' ' OOOO-^Or^O'MCO— -t^ClT^iO— ^M'-'I^O ' 'OSOOQO^rco 'iCOO ■^t' — IC ' ■ — OOfMOlcO-^tD*— ■lO-'J'TjicO OO"*?© ' 'COOCJCOCicO 't^C^lt^ |^C050 i • s J. J. and Ora Fleming Open Land Mary A. Bathetal \Vm. A. Loveland J. F. Bath Estate J. H. Fulstorte J. F. Bath Estate and J. H. Fulstone Eltha A. Perkins T. A.Barrow.s A. J. Kresge A.J. Kre-sge- _ .Marv E. Harbert J.A.Clark W. E. Clark M. E. Harbert V.M.Roseberry.etal Open Land J.H.Vo?t C. W. Clarke Company A.J.M»eks Indian .\llotment J.C.Lane _ Levi A.James. _ Jessie A. Chisbolm Millie M.Ste-.ger Alice M. Wavman H. C. Watson John Miller Kasper Weigand A. L. Cannon J. Andrews Lulu Davidson ('. A and Elsie Gerig Charles M. Leonard Clara Bu-ber 1 3 eg ' II 1 ! I riT KlVLIi INVESTUiATlON IIIJ r^h-l/3 — • U9 00 CO CO 00 O O (O O 00 C^l 03 00 -" C4 ^ to ki? 93 fO C^ O O OO O O O O '^t/d roe^r* — oo ro M ; 1 i j I ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 : : 1 1 1 i i : i : : i i : ■ — 00 !oo 1— • 'O ■ ' !!;!•»!!! 1 I 1 1 !o 1 1 I 1 1 1 ! 1 1 • c>r^ • c« '^* ' •*a ' 00 i > t i i > . .c^i > < ;•«• 1 1 ti"";! Illl 11' lllll'* II''l'''' 20.0 lio! !;!!o''''o'''>ol'' !!!i;! !lll!;;i; is : i : is : i ; ; s i ; ;2 j i i i j j j i j ■ 1 ; ; i ■ ; r^ — t^ . ^« t . 1 1 ' > . ...ill.. O . 1 . t . I . 1 ! « 05 3S . -H , , . 1 . , . . 1 1 , , , , 1 , 1 1 , 1 CO 1 1 , 1 ,' 1 1 1 1 rC'-'^o ' IIIIIII iiiiiiii iiiii 1 Ill ill ' : 1 1 ! a> i i i ' 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 I uj 1 1 1 1 IIIIIIII! Ill 1 ! 1 ! 1— 1 1 1 Ir^ 1 . . 1 1 1 IrJ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 • 1 ■ 1 104 1 i 1 I*" I ' 1 1 ' I iM" • 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 to IIIIIIII 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lie IIIIIIII 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 104 IIIIIII Illl • 1 1 IIIIIII 1 *-< IIIIIIII 1 . . , — < 1^ ' ' o OS -o 1 o 1 e^ OS 05 '-' c^ <-* »o losfoc^co cooooooo — o III — e*« ' icoeo '-OS - oo i — Moocooci co irsoo — ■*»• oooo-^eqtoor^ico 1 1 • c^ N ' i-H^ 104 1 ' r- ;o c i« lo -^ u^ c^ -co o 1 ■ 1 . • . ■ • CO ?3 — C-l CO Arthur Kcnyon A.F. Habcock Milton Bal)Cock T.J.Ilicc W. U. McCleure W. C. and A. L. Akins C. A. Higgins M. A.Kice.. T.J.Kice John Holbrook Nancy Owens A. K. and L. Armstrong F. F. Walker S. F,. Knight.. Frank Studley Ka.sper Weigand Park N.Johnson Estate HcrlxirtS. Bath Myrtle Nilc-s a. J. and Myrtle Niles Oi)€n Land (Niles) Maud S. Finney W.C.Clarke Co Open Land Open Land I ndian .\llotment Open Land (Bognuda) Open Land (Bognuda) Rush Creek Willow Creek... Butte Creek Horse Creek Area Horse Creek o Q o" o o oo •a e: cs ua .4.3 t- O 25 B S TS S V a. y, 3 ^ 5; ^ £i k> 3 as C/J 120 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES o oooor-»cc)OOtoor-*i/iioooooaO'— 'O — — c-:QOt-r~^C'J•':^^^cc^oo•-C3ccooecc*c*^-- — — re — (£1 o o »nooGO to »0 '-' ^ '— ■ CC o OO CO c^ cc »o C^l 00 ;0 (M <— ■ --. — o 00 c^ < B ■T3 ^ E S ° >, ^J* — O CO »0 CO O "^ — »C CO c^j oc CO — • t^ i^ cr — •00eCM3 ■ t*ro^^ •n* M CO r>- r* CO CO C>l CD C^ CO OlCSCfl -^ C^ Tj« C"! O m -^ >o c^ CO — O O U? CO U3 tC COCO O — GO'— co-^-eo — — OS — — 01 CDCO'^OO-^ > CO lOSO iftOOOPCOcOiC ■— -OCM OlCOC»-^»-« CO tcr^t h* t^ — — oo^«0 ir> 1 1^ ■ 'CO ' tec 1 • 1-H • ICO 1 • m ' t »-* ■ io ' i-^ . leo 1 COOOOiO»-'t^OO»— CO t-O O»C-^00t-*iO0C>O •^'—iCCOCJiCsO — "VC^ COOS s C>1 Ol CO c^) CO »0 03 O ^ •-• O OIQO CO CS Oi »OQ0 r»cocoO'^ooco^«u5r^io^'0 os^ct* '*eo^«CT'^-ost^coooc:cocoooos3sO cocooscou;cooo»c»cc^ — cOdO*-"*-^ 00 -^ —' c^ r* ^- ^ —^ c^ o 00 c^ t-* I -l!!-^ S I! * ^cA_M ■ " 8= = OfcS ® C3-. I-.— Q.— . ill I" O elow head. . 7/ 8/31 West Valley Creek Van Loan, J Van Loan, J. Athead 8/19/24 .At head 5/29/31 Van Loan, J, Athead 6/ 8/31 Van Loan, J . Athead 6/24/31 Van Loan, J . Athead 7/ 7/31 Van Loan, J. . At head 7/28/31 Van Loan, J At head 8/15/31 Van Loan, J. At division point 8/15/31 Van Loan, J. .. .. .. At division point 8'21/31 Van Loan, J 8/31/31 Van Loan, J Kt division point 9/10/31 Parsnip Creek (tributary West Valley Creek).. Blue Lake Ranch Upper Left. Blue Lake Ranch Upper Right Blue Lake Ranch Lower Left. Blue Lake Ranch Lower Right Van Loan, J •Athead 6/25/31 Athead 6/25/31 At head . 6/25/31 Athead 6/25/31 Warm Creek (tributary West Valley Creek)-. _ Athead.. 5/29/31 V'an Loan, J._. _ ... Athead 6' 24/31 Van Loan, J Athead 7/ 7/31 Van Loan, J Athead . 7/28/31 Spring. S. P. Water Tank At tank 6/26/31 .\Ic(iarva Spring Creek . . McGarva -Athead. 6/27/31 Big Spring Creek Geo. Williams Upper West... Geo. Wilhams Lower West ... Geo. Wilhams Upper East Geo. Williams Lower East Clark Athead 6/29/31 .Athead 6/29/31 Athead.... 6/29/31 .A.thead- 6/29/31 Fitzhugh Creek. Opposite register sta- tion. -. .. Clark 4/11/31 Opposite register sta- tion Payne 6/20/31 Near head 4/14/29 Payne At end of flume 6/30/31 Payne 6/30/31 Payne .At summit .. . 8/ 5 '29 North Fork Fitzhugh Creek Bowman Head of Bowman ranch . Head of Bowman ranch . Head of Bowman ]aiich. Head of Bowman ranch . Head of Bowman ranch . 8/29/24 Bowman 9/29/24 Bowman 10/14/24 ■ Bowman 8/ 5/29 Bowman .. 6 '30/31 Bowman 9/ 8/24 Bowman .... Outlet Bowman ranch 9/29/24 Bowman Outlet Bowman ranch 10/14/24 Bowman. 8/ 5/29 Bowman Outlet Bowman ranch 6/30/31 YankeeJim Athead 8/29/24 YankeeJim Athead. 9/29 24 YankeeJim Athead 10/14 24 Pine Creek Cantrali, L., Upper Athead 8/29/30 Cantrall, L., Lower At head 8/29/30 Cantrali, S. A. At tap from Pine Creek Ditch Dorris Upper 4/21/31 Athead 4/30/30 Dorris Upper Athead... 5/29/30 Dorris Upper At weir. 4/21/31 Dorris Ixjwer » Athead 4/30/30 128 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES TABLE SO— Continued DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS OF DIVERSIONS, UPPER PIT RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES Source Pine Creek — Continued. . Pit River (Hot Springs Valley)... Rattlesnake Creek Name of ditch Dorris-Leoni Dorris-Leoni Dorris-Leoni Dorris-Leoni Dorris-Leoni Dorris-Leoni Dorris-Leoni Dorris-Leoni Dorris-Leoni Dorris-Leoni Dorris-Leoni Heesch Upper Heesch Upper Pine Creek Pine Creek .. Pine Creek Pine Creek Power Diversion. Power Diversion. Trumbo.. Trurobo.- Trumbo Trumbo Wall Upper Wall Upper Wall Upper Wall Lower Wall Lower Wall Lower Chambers Pump. Christen Pump... Lindhauer pump. Lindhauer Pump. Christen Upper Christen Lower Clark Upper Cummins Garden Cummins Garden Cummins Garden Cummins Lower Cummins Lower Kelley Lower Kelley Diversions Spicer.. Kelley. Kelley. Kelley. Kelley. Kelley. Diver- sions from Kelley Ditch Kelley. Kelley. Kelley. Kelley. Kelley. Kelley. Kelley. Kelley. Kelley. Kelley. Kelley. Kelley. Kelley. Kelley. Spicer Meadow Diversion. Spicer .Meadow Diversion. S|iiccr Meadow Diversion. Spicer MeadowDiversion. Spicer Meadow Diversion. Location of point of measurement At head At head At head At head At head At divide At divide... At divide At divide At divide. -- At divide At head , At head .At head. At head- At head , At head. At head--- At Parshall flume. At head At head At head At head At head At head At head At head At head At head At pump . At pump. .At pump. At pump. .At head Near head Below highway .At head .\t head At head .\t head At head--- .At flume Flow in 5 small take outs At Spicer house In 2 It. Parsh?ll flume 200 ft. below flume Below Parshall flume .- 3 miles below head Above Rock Creek flume Loss from Rock Creek flume - . . Outlet Rock Creek flume .Above Christen lower tap. Below Christen lower tap. .Above Kelley taps Above Kelley taps .Above Kelley taps Below Kelley taps Above Cummins tap. . . Above Cummins tap. . . Below Cummins tap . . . Below Cummins tap. . . Below Cummins tap . . . lOO ft. below Kelley Lane At head At head At head .At head At head Gage height, feet 80 .78 .80 .70 .74 .55 .68 .76 .56 Discharge c. f. s. 2.00 2 57 9 04 .48 1.56 14 08 12 40 14 10 8 40 10 20 4.22 1 09 .48 6 17 11 60 .92 1 42 Date 61 56 79 06 J 42 16 81 30 58 71 22 88 3 47 1.58 4 48 5 04 53 1 22 1 45 .21 .14 15 2 17 11 1 23 .40 .10 4 67 3 59 4 81 2 99 4 38 .75 4 28 3 52 2 49 1 56 5.04 2 08 5 03 1 28 1 26 1 02 10 .15 3 81 12.00 18 00 8 41 3 03 4 60 7/ 9/29 4/30/30 5/29/30 8/29,' 30 4 22 31 3/28/30 4/ 1/30 4/ 5/30 4/ 6/30 4/ 7/30 4/ 8/30 6/ 6/30 4/21/31 4/30/30 5/29 30 8/29/30 4/21/31 4/16/30 7/20/31 4/30/30 5'?9'30 8 29/30 4 21/31 5/29/30 8/29/30 4/22/31 5/29/30 8 29/30 4 22/31 5/12/31 4 '27/31 6/19/31 6/20/31 4/15/31 4/15/31 4/15/31 4/15/31 4/20/31 5/29/31 4 20 31 4/27'31 4 15/30 4/27/31 4/2731 4/29/30 625/30 4/27/31 7/ 4/30 5/29/31 4/27/31 4/27/31 5/29/31 5/29/31 4/15/31 4/20/31 5/29/31 4/20/31 5/11/31 5/29/31 4/20/31 5/11/31 5/29/31 4 27/31 4 15; 31 4' 18 31 419/31 4/25/31 5/ 9/31 PIT RIVER TN'VTilSTIOATION 129 TABLE 60— Continued DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS OF DIVERSIONS, UPPER PIT RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES Source Name of ditch Location of point of measurement Gage height, feet Discharge C. (. 8. Date Rattlesnake Creek— Con- Spicer Meadow Diversion Spicer Meadow Diversion. . . . Spicer Meadow Diversion Spicer Meadow Diversion. . . Spicer .Meadow Diversion Spicer .Meadow Diversion Spicer Meadow Diversion East Upper At head. 4 40 2.00 .75 .50 12 04 2.50 2.00 .30 .50 1.00 .48 1.17 2.99 2 24 1 54 1 40 1 54 1.48 2.66 1.29 .31 .61 .46 .50 1.54 .93 3.17 .58 2.16 1.54 1.10 .15 b.97 bl 57 b2.03 1-1.53 bl.50 M2 00 8.22 2.50 5 33 3.36 7.72 4.18 .70 3.72 2.73 .16 .83 .21 .45 ''4.6 .55 5/11/31 .\t head 5/27/31 .\t head 5/29/31 .\t head 6/ 4/31 .At head 6/11/31 .\t head 6/17/31 Hot Creek At head .A.t head 6/22/31 7/16/31 East Lower - . .\t head 7/16/31 West .\t head V/ 16/31 Canvon Creek Essex .■Vt head 48 2 60 2 84 6/ 3/30 Wells At head 4/ 3/30 Wells At head 4/17/30 Wells At head 6/ 3/30 Wells Athead 2.67 2.64 2.66 2.63 2.82 2.66 6/27/30 Wells At head 7/ 3 '30 Wells At head 8 14 30 Wells .\t he?d 9/ 6/30 Wells Athead 4/ 2/31 Wells .\t head 5/18/31 TomsCreek Caldwell Upper Athead. 4/14/30 Caldwell Upper Athead 6/ 3/30 Caldwell Upper .. . Athead 6/27/30 Caldwell Upper At head 4/ 2/31 Caldwell Upper Athead ... 5/19/31 Caldwell Middle Athead 4/14/30 Caldwell Middle At head 6/ 3/30 Caldwell .Middle . Athead 6/27/30 Caldwell Lower . Athead 4/14/30 Caldwell Lower Athead. _ 6/ 3/30 Caldwell Lower At head 6/27/30 Caldwell Lower Athead .. 9/ 6/30 No Name Creek E.E.Caldwell... Sec.l2,T.41N..R.9E. Sec.l2,T.41N.,R.9E. Sec.l2,T.41N.,R.9E. Sec.l2,T.41N.,R.9E. Sec. 12,T.41N.,R.9E. .\bove bridge at Lookout 8/30/24 E. E.Caldwell 9/24/24 E.E.Caldwell E. E. Caldwell . 10/ 3/24 10/20/24 E.E.Caldwell 10/31/24 Pit River (Big Valley)--. Gooch (Oilar) Oilar 6/13/05 At Lookout Dam At head 6.86 3/28/30 .\sh Creek Barrows Upper . 6/ 9/31 Barrows Slough Athead 6/ 9/31 Cannon At head . . . 9/11/29 Cox and Clark . .\t Babcock intake 9/11/29 Cox and Clark At Babcock intake Near head .40 6/27/30 Loveland 7/15/29 Loveland ,\t road crossing-- . 6/ 8/31 Way man Takeout Cox ' various factors involved in the conservation of the flood waters of Pit River and its tributaries originating in the County of I\Iodoc, State of California ; BE IT KNOWN that the party of the first part agrees to appro- jiriate for the purpose of financing said survey' the sum of three thousand three hundred (h»llars ($3,300.00) during the fiscal year 1928-1929. AND BE IT FURTHER KNOWN that said parties of the first and second ]>art a^rree that the party of the second part shall execute .said survey and shall have fidl charge, control, and direction of said survey upon the following terms and conditions, to wit : (1) The party of the second part shall be the sole judge of the scope of the survey necessary for the purpose of determining the various factors involved in the conservation of the flood watei's of the Pit River and its tributaries which originate in said IModoc County, and said party of the second part shall enijiloy all labor, purchase all supi)lies, eciuipment, materials, etc., and have entire discretion and entire charge of said survey, its employees engaged therein, the exi)eiuliture of the money hereunder and all other matters appertaining thereto. (2) The i)arty of the second part will submit to said party of the first part from time to time claims upon said party of the first part for expen.ses incurred by the party of the second part under the ])rovisions of this agreement, and said claims shall be due and payable to the party of the second part from time to time as such claims are submitted, and payment of snch claims shall be made by the party of the first part to the party of the second part within thirty days after the submission thereof; and upon the failure of the party of the first part to make any j^ayment within such time the party of the second jiart may forthwith close tlu' survey contemplated under this agree- ment, and shall thereupon be re]eas(>(l of its ()l)ligati()n to render the report hereinafter pravided for. (3) Payments received hereunder by the party of the second part from the party of tiie first i)art will be deposited in the State treasury to the credit of the Pit River Investigation Fund — Special — of the Division of Water Rights of the Department of Public Works of the State of California, and shall be subject to expenditure on claims presented by the i)arty of the .second part to the Department of Finance. 1:!1 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES (4) As a part of said survey the party of the second part shall make such office studies as it deems necessary in conjunction -with said work, and shall prepare and submit to the party of the first part a report embodyino- the data trathered under the provisions of this contract and such other relevant data as may be in the possession of the ])arty of the second ])art. (5) This agreement may be terminated by either party by serving written notice upon the other party. If so terminated by the party of tlie first part, then the party of the second ))art will be obliirated to prepare and present only such report as is practicable with such funds as have been or will be made available by the party of the first part ; and if terminated by the party of the second part then the party of the first part shall be entitled to a full and complete report of all data and information gathered under the ])rovisious of this agreement. (6) Party of the second part shall be the sole judge as to whether the survey and studies made by it under the provisions of this agree- ment are sufficient to satisfy the terms of this agreem«'nt. and shall be the sole judge as to whether the report submitted by it hereunder is a sufficient and proper report to satisfy the terms of this agreement. (7) It is understood by and between the parties hereto: (1) that performance under this eontract is conditioned upon the a]>proi)riation by the party of the first part of the sum hereinbefore s])ecified for the purpose of said survey; (2) that it is the present intention and desire of the party of the first part to make further a])propriations as herein- after stated but that the party of the first part is uiuible at this time to definitely state what action can or will be taken by future boards of supervisors in this connection, although party of the first part realizes the importance of said work and tlie benefit to be derived therefrom; (3) that it will require further appi-o])riations by said party of the first part to complete the Avork hereunder contemplated ; (4) that party of the first part presently intends and desires that it shall appropriate for the purpose of financing said survey the sum of three thousand three hundred dollars ($3,300.00) for thi-ee consecutive years beginning with the year 1928-1929 and presently intends and desires that in case there is an unexpended balance in said appropriation at the end of any fiscal year said party of the first paii will appropriate or make available the amount of said balance for use for financing said survey during the next fiscal yeai- which amount shall be in addition to said sum of three thousand three hundred dollars ($3,300.00) which said party of the first part presently intends and desires shall be appropriated for use during each fiscal year for said three consecutive fiscal years and intends and desires that any balance remaining at the end of the third fiscal year shall be appropriated to finance the rejiort herein provided for if said balance be needed for that purpose; and (5) that in the event that amounts ])i-es(Mitly oi- hereafter apiu'0|>riated by the party of the first part ])rove inadequate to finance a complete survey, the ])a.rty of the second part shall be ol)ligated to make only such a survey and repoii as llu^ riiiids ]-)rovided for by |)ai'ty of the first part shall pei-mit and that upon failure of the paiiy of the first ])art to make the appropi'iat ions it ])i'esently intends and desires to make, the party ol" the second i)art nuiy discontinue work and make such a report as fuiuls made availal)le by the party of Ihc first part may permit, or may PIT RIVF.R INVESTIGATION 135 continue work and submit such a report as said funds provided by the ])arty of the first ])art may pei-mit. (8) All equipmtMit tluit may he purelujsed for llie work contem- plated under this contract shall remain the property of the party of the second part upon the completion oi- termination of the suivey, and studies herein ])rovided for. (9) It is mutually understood and agreed that this contract is to take effect on the 18th dav of November, 1928. IN WITNESS WITEKEOF. the parties hereto have caused this insti'ument to be signed in dui)licate. scaled and delivered by its projter oftict'is duly authorized by law to do so. rorxTY OF :\roD()r. state of califokxta. By J. T. Negley, Chair man of Board of Supervisors. DIVISION OF WATER RIGHTS, DEPAPvTMEXT OF PUBLIC WORKS, STATE OF CALIFORNIA. By Harold Conkling, Chief of Division of Water RigJits. APPROVED: B. B. Meek, Director of Department of Pnhlic WorTis, State of California. APPPiOVED: Alexander R. IIerox, Director of Department of Finance, State of California. APPENDIX B AGREEMENT BETWEEN COUNTY OF LASSEN, STATE OF CALIFORNIA AND DIVISION OF WATER RIGHTS, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA PIT RIVER IXVESTIGATION 139 AGREEMENT THIS AURKEMHXT. made iiiul cjitcml into lliis 14tli dav ol" N'oveniber, 1928, hy aii.l Ix'tween the COUNTY OF LASSEN, STATE OF CALIFORNIA, a body politic, herciiiat'trr ref<'iT('d to as tlip partv of the fii-st part, and tlic 'DIVISION OF WATER RKillTS, Dcpart- inont of Rul)lii' Works of the State of Oalifonda. Iiei-ciiiaftci- i-efri'i-cd to as the party of the second part, WITNESSETH: WIl ERISAS, ihe pai-ty of the tirst part desires a comprehensive siir\-ey for the purpose of (h4ei'niiniii- said surv(>y the sum of one thousand six hundred and tiftv dollars ($l,(ir)().()()) during tlie fiscal year 11)28- lf>2J). ' ^ . AND BE IT FURTHER KNOWN that said parties of the first and second pai't agree that the party of the second ])art shall execute said survey and shall have full charge, control, and direction of said survey upon the folloAving terms and conditions, to wit : (1) The i)arty of the second part shall be the sole judge of the scope of the survey necessary for the purpose of determining the vari- ous factors involved in the conservation of the flood waters of the Pit River and its tributaries which originate in said Lassen and Modoe counties, and said party of the second part shall emi)loy all labor, pur- chase all supplies, equipment, materials, etc., and have entire discretion and entire charge of said survey-, its emi)loyees engaged therein, the expenditure of the money hereunder and all other matters appertaining thereto; (2) The party of the second ]iai't will submit to said party of the first part from time to time claims upon said ])arty of the first part for expenses incurred by the party of the second ])art under the provi- sions of this agreement, and said claims shall be due and payable to the party of the second part from time to time as such claims are submitted, and payment of sucli claims shall be made by the party of the tirst part to the party of the .second part within thirty days after the submission thereof ; and upon the failure of the party of the first part to make any payment within such time the party of the second ])art may forthwith close the survey contemi)lated under this agreement, and shall there- upon be released of its obligation to render the report hereinafter pro- vided foi-. (8) Payments received hereunder by the party of the second part from the party of the first part will be deposited in the Siate treasury to the credit of the Pit River Investigation Fund — Special — of the Divi- sion of Water Rights of the Department of Public Works of the State of California, and shall be subject to expenditui'c on claims presented by the party of the second part to the Department of Finance. (4) As a part of said survey, the party of the second part shall make such office studies as it deems neces.sary in conjunction with said Moi-k. anarty by serv- ing written notice upon the other party. If so terminated by the party of the first part, then the party of the second part A\dll be obligated to prepare and present only such report as is practicable with such funds as have been or Avill be made available by the party of the first ])art; and if terminated by the party of tlie second jiart then the party of the first part shall be entitled to a full and complete report of all data and information gathered under the provisions of this agreement. (6) Party of the second j^art shall be the sole judge as to whether the survey and studies made by it under the provisions of this agree- ment are sufficient to satisfy the terms of this agreement, and shall be the sole judge as to whether the report submitted by it hereunder is a sufficient and proper report to satisfy the terms of this agreement. (7) It is understood by and between the parties hereto: (1) that performance under this contract is conditioned upon the appropriation by the iiai-ty of the first part of the sum hereinbefore s])ecified for the purpose of said survey; (2) that it is the present intention and desire of the party of the first part to make further appropriations as herein- after stated but that the party of the first part is unable at this time to definitely state what action can or will be taken by future boards of supervisors in this connection, although party of the first part realizes the importance of said work and the benefit to be derived therefrom ; (3) that it will require further appropriations by said party of the first part to complete the work hereunder contemplated; (4) that ]iarty of the first part presently intends and desires that it shall api)ropriate for the purpose of finaneing said survey the sum of one thousand six hundred and fifty dollars ($1.6o0.00) for three consecutive years beginning with the year 1928-1929 and presently ijitends and desires that in case there is an unex]iended balance in said appropriation at the end of any fiscal year said ]iarty of the first ])art will appropriate or make availabl(> the amount of said balance for u.se for financing said survey during the next fiscal year which amount shall be in addition to said sum of one thousand six hundred and fifty dollars (.^l.fi.lO.OO) which said ]iarty of the first ]iart ])resently intends and desires shall be appropriated for use during each fiscal year for said three consecutive fiscal years and intends and desires that any balance remaining at the end of the third fiscal year shall be appropi-iatermit, or may continue work and submit such a rej^ort as said funds provided by the party of the first part may permit. PIT RIVER INVESTIGATION 141 (8) All equipment that may be purchased for the work contem- plated under tiiis contract shall remain the property of the party of the second part upon tlie completion or termination of the sui*vey and studies lun-eiu pi-()\ided for. (t)) It is inutuall\ understood and agreed that this contract is to take effect on the 14th day of November, 1928. 1\ WITXEkSS whereof, tlie parties iiereto have caused this inslruuu'iit to be signed in duplicate, sealed and delivered by its proper otiHcers duly autiiorized by Inw to do so. COUNTY OP LASSEN, STATE OP CALIFORNIA, By Peter Gerig, Chairman of Board of Supervisors. DIVISION OP WATER RIGHTS, DEPARTMENT OP PUBLIC WORKS, STATE OP CALIFORNIA, By Harold Conkling, Chief of Division of Water Riyhts. Approved : B. B. Meek, Director of Department of Public Works, State of California. Approved : Alexander R. Heron, Director of Department of Finance, State of California. APPENDIX C GEOLOGICAL REPORT ON UPPER PIT RIVER DAM SITES IN MODOC COUNTY By Chester Marliave Engineer Geologist November 1932 r I PIT RIVER INVESTIOATION 145 GEOLOGICAL REPORT, UPPER PIT RIVER DAM SITES Scope of Report. 'Pile Stat(^ Division of Water Resources, under the direction of Harold Conklinfr. has been earrvinf? on an investifration of the water resources of tlie U|)|)er Pit RiA'er. As a conclusion to the studies it was deemed advisabh^ to outline tlu^ ]-)ossi])iIities for storage and utilization of the run-ott" of the stream. Sev(M'al locations were selected alonj;; tlu; river where storaji'e facilities seemed feasible. The writer was called upon to make a field examination of these various sites and to pass upon the suitability of them from a geological viewpoint for the location of dams. Controlling Features. In the case of the [)resent nj)per Pit River investigation the pur- pose of storage is for irrigation use where only a partial development and a limited cost are the controlling factors. Another factor of major consideration, especially from a safety standpoint, is the handling of flood discharges. The hydraulic studies in this vicinity call for a spill- way cai)able of handling a flow of about 50,000 second-feet. Seven dam sites in all were examined, the three farthest down- stream being most unfavorable on account of poor foundation condi- tions and lack of sjullway facilities while the three upper sites offered good foundations with favorable spillway facilities but because of other economic conditions would probably exceed the allowed expenditure. ^Midway between these sites is another one which, from a general con- sideration, appears feasible and capable of falling Avithin the allotted cost. It should be stated that for more complete development of the run-off or for higher cost of storage that the economic features of the pi'oject would be different and that some of the other sites might be more favorable than under the ])resent restrictions. General Geology. The region under consitleration lies in the soutlnvestern corner of ]\rodoc County about 30 miles southwest of thQ town of Alturas. In this .stretch of the Pit River its course meanders back and forth through a flow of andesite that re]-)r(^sents the remnant of a late lava extrusion, which can be followed intermittently over the country for many miles. Beneath this andesitic flow, which has a thickness of at least 500 feet, can be seen the more extensive underlying basaltic flows of an earlier age. The quatei-narv alluvial dcjiosits which are rather widely dis- tributed over the old flat areas of basalt are not prevalent in the area under consideration as the canyon is rather narrow and at present is in the process of degradation. Local Geology. No attem])t will be made to discuss the various sites in detail because the time spent in Ihe field did not warrant it. Tt should be noted that only superficial observations were made as no exploratory work has been done at any of the proposed dam sites. 10—2706 146 DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES Tlie Edds Site (A-A) is the lowest one examined. To obtain the required stora^^e would require a dam about 55 feet in height above stream bed. The bedrock at this site is not in evidence, and the banks on either side of the stream channel are gradual slopes. On the right side there is a small projection but it is narrow and appears to be mantled by terrace material and to the right of this small knoll is an old flood channel which appears to be filled with a considerable depth of soft alluvium which would require an auxiliary dam structure. There are no indications of Arm bedrock at the site. The general toi)ogra|)hy indicates a Avide section of terraces overlain with coarse gravelly alluvium and possibly underlain by tuft'aceous sediments of questionable character. Two exposures, one on the slope of the pro- jection at the right abutment, and the other several hundred feet upstream from the left abutment, indicate that the material underlying tile terraces adjacent to the channel section is composed of light colored tuffaceous sediments containing open gravels and sands. The proposed spillway is over the gentle sloping terrace of the left abutment and does not. offer favorable conditions. The site in general is wide. Expensive ])rotection to care for the enormous flood discharges will probably be necessary. From the general geological inspection this site would require deep cutoff excavations and does not warrant serious considera- tion as a dam site. The Grave Site Avould require a dam height of about 60 feet. The present stream channel is about 65 feet wide. The left abutment rises rather abrui)tly but shows no hard bedrock outcrops, though the topogi"i])liy indicates that it is comj'josed of fairly stable beds of agglonu'i-ate and tuffaceous sediments. To the right of the stream section there is a vertical bluff about 20 feet high which is composed of valley silt and alluvium which slopes up gradually toward some soft agglom- cratic outcrops some six hundred feet away. The sediments to the right of the stream channel would prt)bably average about 75 feet deep for several hundred feet from the stream. There is no natural place for a spillway as the alluviinn in the valley would not stand overpour. Because of the dee]) alluvial sediments underlying the dam site and the lack of suitable spillway conditicms, tiie site does not apjiear suitable fi'om a geological viewi)oint for the location of a dam. The Green Site (G-G). The height of dam required at this site would be about 55 feet above stream bed. At this location the valley bottom is about 400 feet wide with rather stee]) blulfs rising up from each abutment. The stream bed is covered with deposits of silt which l)robably extend at least 50 feet to bod rock. The left abutment shows no massive rock outcrops but is |)robably eom|)osed of soft volcanic nuifei-ial in the form of agglomeratic mud flows or tuffaceous sediments. The I'iglit abutment is in part a volcanic lava flow. Tts inclination was not ascertained but it extended up the sl()p(> of the hill for about 200 feet. The rock ap|)ears to be an andesite and is badly fractured, break- ing up into I'l-agnients fd)out six inches in diameter. The rock breaks down with a slaty cleavage and the soundness of the mass is ques- tioiuible. The alluvium in the bottom is not suited to an overi)Our si)ill- way while the liuht abutment is steep and high and an open cut spillway would probably be costly. The stream bed api)ears to be over- lain bv a considei-able thickness of seilimcnts. The ircneral conditions PIT RIVER INVESTIGATION 147 from a ueolorrical viewpoint do not - Electric Power Revenue, 1929. Bulletin No. 21 — Irrigation Districts in California, 1929. Bulletin No. 21-A — Report on Irrigation Districts in California for the Year 1929, 1930. Bulletin No. 21-B — Report on Irrigation Districts in California for the year 1930, 1931. Bulletin No. 22 — Report on Salt Water Barrier (two volumes), 1929. Bulletin No. 23 — Report of Sacramento-San Joaquin Water Supervisor, 1924-1928. Bulletin No. 24 — A Proposed Major Development on American River, 1929. Bulletin No. 25 — Report to Legislature of 1931 on State Water Plan, 1930. Bulletin No. 26 — Sacramento River Basin, 1931. Bulletin No. 27 — Variation and Control of Salinity in Sacramento-San Joaciuin Delta and Upix-r San Francisco Bay, 1931. Bulletin No. 28 — Economic Aspects of a Salt Water Barrier Below Confluence of Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, 1931. Bulletin No. 2S-.-V — Industrial Survey of Upper San Francisco Bay .Area, 1930. Bulletin No. 31 — .Santa Ana River Basin, 1930. Bulletin No. 32 — South Coastal Basin, a Cooiierative Symposium, 1930. Bulletin No. 33 — Rainfall Penetration and Consumptive Use of Water in Santa Ana River Valley and Coastal Plain. 1930. Bulletin No. 34 — Permissible Annual Charges for Irrigation Water in Upper San Joaciuin Valley, 1930. Bulletin No. 35 — I'ermissible Economic Rate of Irrigation Development in California, 1930. Bulletin No. 36 — Cost of Irrigation Water in California, 1930. Bulletin No. 37 — Financial and General Data Pertaining to Irrigation, Reclamation and Other Public Districts in California, 1930. Bulletin No. 38 — Report of Kings River Water Master for the Period 191S-1930. Bulletin No. 39 — South Coastal Basin Investigation, Records of Ground Water Levels at Wells, 1932. Bulletin No. 4 — South Coastal Basin Investigation, Quality of Irrigation Waters, 1933. Bulletin No. 41 — Pit River Investigation, 1933. Bulletin No. 42 — Santa Clara Inve.stigation, 1933. • Keports and Bulletins out of print. Tliese may lie Imnowed lj> your local library from the fuliforiiia Stat« Library al Sacramento, California. 152 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Biennial Report, Division of Enginperinp: and Irrigation, 1920-1922. Biennial Report, Division of Kngineering and Irrigation, 1922-1924. Biennial Report, Divi.sion of Engineering and Irrigation, 1924-1926. Biennial Report, Division of Engineering and Irrigation, 1926-1928. PAMPHLETS Act Governing Supervision of Dam.s in California, with Revised Rules and Regula- tions, 193.3. Water Commission Act with Amendments Thereto, 1933. Rules. Regulations and Information Pertaining to Appropriation of Water in Cali- fornia, 1933. Rules and Regulations Governing the Determination of Rights to Use of Water in Accordance with the Water Commission Act, 1925. Tables of Discharge for Parshall Measuring Flumes, 1928. General Plans, Specifications and Bills of Material for Six and Nine Inch Parshall Measuring Flumes, 1930. COOPERATIVE AND MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS ♦Report of the Conservation Commission of California, 1912. •Irrigation Resources of California and Their Utilization (Bui. 254, Office of Exp. U. S. D. A.) 1913. ♦Report, State \Valer Problems Conference, November 25, 1916. ♦Report on Pit River Basin, April, 1915. ♦Report on Lower Pit River Project, July, 1915. ♦Report on Iron Canyon Project, 1914. ♦Report on Iron Canyon Project, California, May, 1920. ♦Sacramento Flood Control Project (Revised Plans), 1925. Report of Commission Appointed to Investigate Causes Leading to the Failure of St. Francis Dam, 1928. Report of the California Joint Federal-State Water Resources Commission, 1930. Conclusions and Recommendations of the Report of the California Irrigation and Reclamation Financing and Refinancing Commission, 1930. ♦Report of California Water Resources Commission to the Governor of California on State Water Plan, 1932. • ♦Booklet of Information on California and the State Water Plan prepared for United States House of Representatives' Subcommittee on Appro- priations, 1931. ♦Bulletin on Great Central Valley Project of State Water Plan of California Prepared for United States Senate Committee on Irrigation and Reclama- tion, 1932. • Reports aii'l Biillclins out of print. Tlicsp ma.v be Ijorrowod by jour local library from the California Stale Library at Sacramento, Calitornia. 2706 8-33 500 Xi ^^ ^•^- r V l^'i ,1 .^ f\ u ^ . ct^^^^^ ,. <. , ^=f^;^:f-S-^:. LEGEND SECTION LINES TOWNSHIP LINES COUNTY LINES PROPERTY LINES HIGHWAY 4 ROADS RAILROADS DITCHES STREAMS RIVER DAMS RESERVOIRS SPRINGS WATERSHED BOUNDARY BUILDINGS SCHOOLS CHURCHES CROP BOUNDARY AGRICULTURAL BOUNDARY MEADOW HAY MEADOW PASTURE PASTURE ALFALFA GRAIN TRUCK NOT IRRIGATED BASE COMPILED CHIEFLY FROM UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE AND FOREST SERVIC MAPS, STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES PIT RIVER INVESTIGATION IHEIGATION PIT RIVER BASIN IN MODOC AND LASSEN COUNTIES CALIFORNIA 1931 Y FROM UNITED FOREST SERVICE ^ THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. 1 11606 Calif. Division or water resources*. PHYSICAL SCIENCES LIBRARY C c. I late • LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS 111606 .miirriii 3 1175 02037 6524 un