A ^^^^^^ A d J3 1 2 5 ^ 2 3 7 =— § ^^5 7 — = — * ^S^^mS -< 5 'W THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ^ o M I.S S I N A R Y REMAINS; SKETCHES OF THE LIVES' EVARTS, CORNELIUS, AND WISNER, WITH AN INTRODCCTIOIf, BY SAMUEL H. COX, D. D. NEW-YORK : PUBLISHED Br TAYLOR & GOULD, Brick Church Chapel— opposite the City Hall. 1835. iD. raaihtir, Ptlnler. ' Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1835, by Tayler if Gould, in the clerk's office of the district court of the southern district of the State of New-York. ^is^i^^^^ A^ ^^^^t^ ^^>'XI K V O t K V A K T .<, '' li Is. Christ is precious — he does not fail me." After some brief conversation, he re- quested to be alone. His pain became severe, his breathing laborious, and the hour of his release was just at hand. About 9 o'clock in the evening, he requested to be laid in a position suitable for dying ; and here began the shout of A^ctory. For a short time he seemed to lie, like a little child, waiting to be removed, and expecting every moment to be translated into the immediate presence of God. But suddenly the vail was drawn aside, and his joys seemed like those of Stephen, when he exclaimed, " I see heaven opened, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God." Unexpectedly to all around, his eye kindled, his clay-cold lips glowed with praises, and he burst forth with expressions of rapture that cannot be described — '-Praise him!'' said he, -praise him! praise him! in a way you know not of!" He then made a short pause, and said, '• "Wonderful, wonder- ful, wonderful glory! We cannot understand — we cannot comprehend — wonderful glory I MLMORV OF EVARTS. 37 1 will praise him — I will praise liim!" A moment after, he inquired, " Who are in the room? Call all in— call all — let a great many come."' And then he exclaimed again, "Won- derful — glory — Jesus reigns!" After this, he sank dowii exhausted, and fell asleep in Jesus. Thus he died, in the fifty-first year of his age, and descended to his grave like a shock of corn, in his season, fully ripe. Thus he died, like a rich, luxuriant tree, "broken down and killed by the fruit." Thus he died, " And with the everlasting arms embraced " Himself around, stood in the dreadful front *' Of battle high, and warred victoriously " With death and lieil ; and now was come his rest, '■ His triumph day, " Waiting the promised crown, the promised throne, '■ The welcome and approval of his Lord." .Such arc the triumphs of Jesus' love. "If any man serve me, him will my Father honor." Such are the trophies of missionary grace. Such are the honors of the missionary cause. Hall wore them fresh and vivid, and they decked his grave. And Newell wore 4 38 MEiMORY OF EVARTff. them ; and Fiskc and Parsons wore (hem ,' and Nichols, and Warren, and Mills wore them, in all their fragrance and splendor. " A noiseless band of heavenly eolJiery " From out the armory of God equipped, "High on the pagan hills, where Satan sat " Encamped^and o'er the subject kingdoms threw "Perpetual night, to plant Immanuel's cross j " and in the wikierness " Of human waste, to sow eternal life." " He that will lose his life for my sake, the same shall find it." Eternity alone can tell how much such men loved the heathen. And by how much they loved the heathen, by so much will the measure of their joys increase, when they go up with the " nations of the saved" before the Son of man. O ! what a scene is that, when pagan nations and the missionaries, and men that have been the means of their salvation, shall stand before the throne of God ! What a song is that, when they raise their melody of grateful hearts to heaven ! There is Worcester. And there is Evarts. MEMORY OF EVARTS. 39 "See where he walks on yonder niounl,'lhal hfls " Its summit high on the right hand ofbhss, "Subhme in glory, talking with his peers "Of the incarnate Savior's love, and passed " Affliction, lost in present joy. See how " His face with heavenly ardor glowi?,'and how *' His hand, enraptured, strikes the golden lyre, " As now, conversing of the Lamb once slain, " He speaks ; and how from vinos that never hear " Of winter, but in monthly har\'est yield " Their fruit abundantly, he plucks the grapes "Of life." But I shall not meet your expectations, nor gi-atify my own wishes, without attempting to present a brief outline of the character of this o-reat and excellent man. The intellectual charartcr of Mr. Evarts was distinguished for strong powers of rea- soning, [great clearness and precision, and remarkable soimdness and comprehensive- ness of judgment. He possessed large and rich treasures of original thought, and great powers of illustration. He had great activity and copiousness of mind. He was remark- ably capable of making his existing stock of 40 MEMORY OF EVARTS. ideas extensive materials of knowledge. Eve- ry thought he acquired added to his capital, and was immediately put out at interest. He had a taste for literary and scientific pursuits, and engaged in them with great ardor and zeal. He was fond of speculation, and yet he was no theorist. Rarely do habits of abstrac- tion and habits of business unite, as they were found in him. His talent for minute and ra- pid observation was not exceeded even by his talent for comparison and arrangement. But what was peculiar in the intellectual charac- ter of Mr. Evarts was the exact adjustment of the several faculties of his mind to each other. He once said to a friend, that, in early life, he was inclined to be hasty and positive in his judgment. But a remarkable balance was observable in the powers and operations of his mind. At almost any moment he could apply his mind to almost any subject ; could pursue that subject at pleasure ; could change it for another, and resume it at any time, and almost in any place, and in the same strain of sentiment, however elevated. MEMORY OF EVARTS. 41 His memory was remarkably tenacious— ve- ry remarkably so for dates, considering the strength of his powers for general analysis, reasoning, and judgment.* He had a srreat taste for statistical observa- tions and calculations, and, indeed, for the whole science of political economy.t Such * He was rarely mistaken in dates; and there was a surprising number of events, of which he could state in a moment the precise time of their occurrence. He once allowed one of his associates at the missionary rooms to question him as to the day of the month and of tlie week on which he entered different places on a journey he liad taken, some years hefbre, in the southern states; and he invariably answered prompt- ly, and without any apparent calculation. When he vv;is asked, by what process of mind he contrived to associate so many places with the day of the week and of the month in which he visited them, he replied, that the only account he could give was that it was easy. t He made a calculation of the probable results of tlie census of the United Slates for 1820, which was early published in the Boston Recorder, which came 80 near (he actual result, for each distinct state in the union, that it was scarcely credible that the calcula- tion was merely a conjectural one. 4* 42 MEMORY OF EVART8. was his genius and taste for illustrating, and inculcating a Christian system of political economy — a system founded on the great law. " As ye would that men should do unto you, do ye even so to them" — that some of his friends seriously thought it might become his duty to relinquish his particular connection with the Board of Foreign Missions, and de- vote himself to the conducting of a paper, which should have for its leading object a reformation in the maxims, rules, and admi- nistration of civil government. He made a frequent and vigorous use of the pen, on a great variety of topics, and was among the best writers of the age.* He wrote the essays on the Lidian question, signed William Penn : a fact which enrolls his name among the friends of humanity, and will give it a place in the history of his coun- try, when the oppressors of the Indians shall * His published pieces, in June^ 1814, amounted to 229. From 1814 to 1831, thougii no account of them has been found, they were still greater in number, and far more voluminous and weighty. MEMORY OF EVARTS. 43 have passed away like the chaff of the sum- mer thrashing-floor. A glance at the list of his publications, with a Imowledge of their character, will show any one that he had accustomed his mind to investigate and re- flect upon a great variety of subjects, and with uncommon accuracy and force. It was in this school of actual labor that he acquired the ability to write with the accuracy of thought, extent of knowledge, variety and appropriateness of illustration, and force of diction, which characterized his productions during the last year of his life. In composing for the press, which he did to a great extent, liis page was usually fair, seldom interlined, rarely copied. His most celebrated composi- tions were written amid many interruptions. I'he faculties of his mind operated witli so much ease to himself, that a great mental ef- fort, in the use of his pen, did not produce that degree of bodily exhaustion which is frequent in men even of a more vigorous frame. After writing intensely for hours, he was perfectly fresh for conversation, for which 44 MEMORY OF EVARTS. he had a pecuhar rehsh, whenever he had access to minds congenial with his own. This balance of mind, with the strengtli of its several powers, enabled him, although of a slender constitution, to write more hours a day, taking one day with another, than al- most any other man. As a public speaker, he was manly and energetic. Li deliberative assemblies, and in extemporaneous discussion, he was very justly celebrated. Though he was by no means distinguished for an easy and melli- fluous utterance, or for those charms of per- son and action which constitute eloquence ; yet every man listened to him with the deep- est attention, and felt that he was listening to a bold and commanding orator. He had a thin, spare person ; there was nothing in his manner fascinating, or even popular ; yet he never spoke without indicating the mascu- line texture of his mind, and rarely without an energy that made deep, and sometimes overwhelming impressions. Mr. Evarts was a man of great diligence MEMORY OF EVARTS. 45 and tintirbig energy. This was his habit from his youth. From the commencement of his course in the preparatory school to the day of his death, he possessed the amazing advantage of unbroken habits of industry. I cannot easily fix my thoughts upon the man, of whom it may be so truly affirmed that he was incessantly occupied. It was not by his superior talents merely, but by his indefatiga- ble diligence, that he accomplished so much greater amount of good than has fallen to the lot of men of high intellectual endow- ment. He appears to have had no contest with inactive and sluggish habits, and was never happy, unless actively employed. He seemed to feel that what he had to do for God and his fellow-men was to be done in a li- mited period of time, and that period was very short. It was his privilege, too, to be occupied to some good account. The cele- brated Grollus, the father of the modern science of the law of nations, and one of the greatest scholars of his age, is said to liave exclaimed on his death-bed, "lieu ! vitam perclidi operosc iiiliil agendo." 46 MEMORY OF EVARTS. "Alas! I have trifled away life, laboriously doing nothing!" It was not so with Mr. Evarts. The greater part of his life was full of labors and events that were intimately connected with the best interests of men. In his estimation, it was no hardship to spend his strength, and wear out his life, for the benefit of others. For the last thirty years he uniformly acted like a man who steadily kept his eye upon the glorious consequences of living and dying in the service of his Divine Master. And let not his example in this respect be soon lost sight of. Laborious and unwearied piety is the piety of the Bible. A slothful Christian is a contradiction which it is difficult to reconcile with the lowest standard of holiness. With this view of his intellectual endow- ments and diligence, it is natural to conclude that his schorlarshij) icas of the first order. It was during his junior year, as a member of Yale College, that I first knew him. And he was proverbially the severest student in the colleo-e. The class to which he belonsred MEMORY OF KVART3. 47 was at tluit time one of the largest and best that had ever graduated at that venerable institution, and was publicly complimented as such by its late president. And I believe I do no injustice to the living or the dead, when I say, that while in some departments of literature he had some superiors, yet, as a general scholai-, distinguished for the extent, accuracy, and utility of his attainments, he bad none. He was the compeer of men who iKiw hold some of the tirst places in the con- iidence and gift of the American community. But he was inferior to none of them. I well recollect the oration he pronounced when he roccivcd the deorree of Bachelor of Arts. His tbcmo was the Execution of Laws. And wlieii, at the close of it, in a strain of com- manding eloquence, he introduced Lord Mansfield as rebuking the British commu- nity, it seemed as though every heart anticipa- ted in the youthful speaker some future cham- pion of liberty and law that should bo tlie l)ride of his country. And it may not bv un- interesting to some, here to state, that this 48 MKMOUY OF EVARTS. performance subsequently appeared in a series of numbers from a weekly paper printed in Portland, Maine, and was publicly attributed, by the editor to the pen of Dr. Dvnght! Mr. Evarts was a fine specimen of character, founded on first-rate scholarship. Science had given him an enlarged view of the works of God. One such man, in the pulpit, at the bar, in the senate-house, or in the infirmary, well qualified by thorough intellectual disci- pline and literary attainment, is worth more to the church and the world than fifty men, whose self-sufficient and erratic course is marked by little else than honesty and zeal, and who leave twice as much to be unlearn- ed by their successors, as they themselves ever learned. Of the character of Mr. Evarts^ 7>'e/y, much ought to be said. It was strongly built upon fixed principles. No man could be long in his company without observing the con- nection between his principles and conduct. This was one of the lessons which his every- day deportment practically taught, and with MEMORY OF EVARTS. 10 great clearness and strength. Religion with him was not an empty notion, nor an exter- nal form, nor the usage of a sect or party. Human opinions were a very little matter to him, when opposed to the declarations of the Bible. To these he gave implicit confidence, without reserve or qualification. If there was a class of truths to which he felt peculiar attaciiment, they were those which have ever been most obnoxious to a world lying in wickedness ; which are most discriminating in their moral influence ; which give God the throne, and prostrate every creature at his footstool. I have not the means of knowing cxtensivelyhis theological views in the latter part of his life ; but in his early reading he was strongly attached to the works of Calvhi, Edwards, and Hopkins. There was nothing of bigotry or intolerance about him. If ho judged any man with severity, it was himself. He possessed, to an unusual degree, a candid mind. I have rarely met with a man who so habitually desired that every doubtful opinion and measure should be freely and 5 50 MEMORY OF EVARTS. fully discussed. Aiid hence it was that there was nothing boisterous in his religion, and nothing transient. It was no fitfol and mo- mentary thing, but seemed in^vrought into the very temper of his soul. It was the reli- gion of intelligence, system, and zeal ; and seemed to pervade with its vital influence all his habits of thinking and principles of action. His piety also was remarkably uniform. From the first commencement of his Chris- tian career, he possessed several strong and prominent characteristics, and they remained in all their strength and prominence to his dying hour. The same steadfastness and sobriety which led him to form so just an es- timate of moral objects, the same high stand- ard of piety, the same solicitude for young Christians, the same interest in benevolent institutions, the same self-renunciation which shone in such sweet and amiable lustre in his dying hours ; were exhibited in bold and strong relief in the bright morning of his hopes. I was familiar with his early history: and when I first read the narrative of his MEMORY OF EVARTS. 51 death, I could not help saying, '• It is such a death as I should expect Mr. Evarts to die. He has finished his course as he began it. His light never waned, but Avas strong and steady to the last." During his whole course, his religious character was marred by comparatively few blemishes. He was every where circumspect and watchful. The lustre of his Christian reputation has never been obscured, nor his usefulness abridged by any real or alledged deviations from moral correctness and pro- priety even in little things. He possessed a remarkably kind and frater- nal spirit. There was nothing harsh or un- amiable, nothing rigid or unrelenting about him. Though his temperament was natural- ly of a mercurial cast, and tliougli lie was capable of kindling when unreasonably op- posed, yet he very rarely overstepped the bounds of Christian meelmess. In the con- duct of the missionary enterprise, his opinions were sometimes controverted, and his mea- sures were sometimes overruled ; hntlic bore 52 MEMORY OF EVARTS. the opposition with mildness, and cheerfully submitted to the judgment of his brethren. One of his associates in office has remarked, " In all our intercourse, for ten years, I do not remember receiving from him a single harsh or unkind word." His piety, too, was eminently practical. It was the business of every day : and accom- panied him wherever he went, and appeared in whatever he did. It was not the religion of the imagination, but of cordial obedience to the divine commands. Nor was it a fitful religion, but a course so steady, that, to the eye of men, he rarely hesitated and faltered. And yet he had no small degree of the inspi- ration of Christian feeling. There was an order about him that rebuked and put to shame slothful and cold professors. He was the decided friend of revivals of religion ; and until he became inmiersed in the great subject of missions, labored much and actively to promote them. In the memo- rable revival of Yale Golleo-e in the sunmier of 1802, and in the subsequent revival in the MEMORY OF EVARTS. city of New-Haven, in the winter of 1807 and 1808, his fervent prayers and indefatigable efforts, in season and out of season, in the city and in the adjacent villages, will be long and gratefully remembered. He was in the habit of frequently remarking, and his prayers and whole conduct were in accordance with the remark, that he saw no way in which our nation could be saved from infidelity and ut- ter ruin, except by revivals of religion, more numerous and powerful than any heretofore experienced ; and for the accomplishment of this object, his whole hope was in the effu- sions of the Holy Spirit. He was also the firm friend of the Sabbath. The Sabbath was to him a day of very great enjoyment. The profanation of it he regarded as a great national sin, ruinous to the moral principles and virtue of individuals, the pa- rent of crimes, and certainly drawing after it national judgments, and final national cor- ruption, and the extinction of our free insti- tutions. He took a most active part in the measures adopted to prevent the transjiorta- 5* 54 MEMORY OF EVARTS. tion of the mail on that sacred day ; wrote circulars and petitions, and presented them for signatures ; conversed extensively with members of congress on this subject ; and compiled and published the pamphlet, con- sisting of extracts from memorials to congress from different parts of the country on this matter, together with an introduction and conclusion written by himself. This was at- tended with much labor and pecuniary sacri- fice. He fully believed that the observance of the Sabbath and other religious institutions could be permanently and advantageously secured in no other manner than by the dif- fusion of religious knowledge and the enforc- ing of religious motives. The practical usefulness of his Christian character consisted pre-eminently in hissimple benevolence. This was its beauty and glory. While his mind was awake to the general condition and prospects of the church, and while he took a deep interest in her literary institutions and the learning of her ministers, and while with an eagle eye he watched the MKMORY OF EVARTS. 55 operations of the press and whatever might influence the rehgious and moral opinions and habits of the community, he did not overlook those silent and unostentatious deeds of mercy which every where distin- guish the benevolence of the Gospel. As he was often called to urge the claims of Chris- tian liberality, so he felt them. His business in tlie profession of the law, during the four years he resided at New-Haven, was very limited, and his income from that source did not much exceed the mere expenses of his office, the expenses of his family being de- frayed principally by keeping boarders. Yet here, and under these circumstances, he be- gan that system of giving in charity which he continued through life. He resolved to give one tenth of his income, however small. His accounts on this subject were kept with scrupulous accuracy ; and as his income in- creased, from his salary, and his publications, and some other sources, the proportion given in charity was much increased. His religion seemed to consist in escaping from the do- 56 MEMORY OF EVARTS. minion of a selfish mind, and in seeking, not his own, but the things that are Christ's. Few men have done more to raise the stand- ard of Christian hberahty in the American churches than he. And with all these excellencies his piety was of the sweetest and most humble kind. Rarely was his good evil spoken of, for a self- complacent and self-sufficient spirit. From his commanding talents, and from the official responsibilities which devolved upon him, he may be supposed to have been proud and domineering ; but one of the greatest charms of his character was his unfeigned humility. This he found by frequent intercourse with the mercy-seat. He was a man of prayer, and cultivated the self-denying graces by in- timate fellowship with God. With these characteristics, it is not sur- prising that his piety was fearless and firm. He had an uncommon share of original in- dependence of mind ; and it was elevated and fortified by grace. Natural resolution and firmness, however unyielding and indomita- MEMORY OF EVA UTS. 57 ble, become weak and variable where they are not directed and sustained by the princi- ples and spirit of the Gospel. Christian bold- ness aims invariably at truth and duty. It is not the boldness of Ccesar, but of Christ. Heroes and statesmen may be men of fear- less intrepidity, because they have a seared conscience and a hardened heart. Christian boldness cannot live without great benevo- lence of spirit and honesty of intention. No wonder a good man should be a coward, when he acts contraiy to his conscience. So intimately inwoven are the decisions of con- science with all our impressions of obligation, that it is only when conscience is obeyed, that he can siunmon his strong and ardent affections, and, in defiance of difficulty and danger, adventure upon daring enterprises with quenchless zeal and perseverance. With an honest heart and an honest conscience, he may be "bold as a lion." His boldness then deserves the name. It is a paramount at- tachment to truth and diUy; and he has nothing to fear. This is the mainspring of 58 MEMORY OF EVARTS. all Christian decision. Duty is its object, without regard to smiles or frowns ; and duty it will follow, through evil report and good report, to the cross and the crown. This is the stimulus to all moral courage. This is the spirit which is every where cool and un- disturbed ; every where undaunted and pre- pared to do and suffer ; every where unmoved, however wild the tempest, and universal the convulsions. This is the spirit which ren- ders the soul superior to calamity and peril, and enables the man in whose bosom it dwells, to anticipate, without dismay, every indication of alarm, however ominous, and every possible issue, however fraught with ignominy and terror. This is the spirit which draws all the affections of the soul toward its object ; which, while it seizes, absorbs : and which abandons its pui-pose only when it has lost the power of exertion, or the hope of success. This was the spirit of Paul, before Felix ; of Daniel, before the den of lions ; of Luther, before the diet of Worms : of Knox, before Mary; and of the Prince of Condy, MEMOUY 01 tVARTS. 60 before Cliurlcs the IX. of France. This is the spirit which is nurtured by prayer, and cherished by strong confidence in God. It is fearless amid the moral earthquake, be- cause God is there. It is triumphant over principalities and powers, because it is strong in the Lord, mid in the power of his might. It is happy amid scenes of danger and devas- tation, because the Eternal God is a refuge, and underneath are the everlasting arms. Christian boldness was the prominent trait in the character of Mr. Evarts. If he had lived in the days of persecution, he would have been among the first to have gone to the stake. " Be bold in the service of God. It is the only thing worth being bold for."' This was the spirit of the man. " Justum et tenacem propositi vimm."' He possessed a bold and undaunted decision of character. He was often placed in situa- tions which gave him a noble opportunity of exercising this spirit, and he did it. \eilher flatteries nor frowns could move liiiu. 60 MKMOUy OF EVARTS. " WJiere'er he went, " This lesson still he taught, to fear no ill "But sin, no being but AImiji;hty Gtod." It was not an assumed and fictitious inde- pendence that he possessed ; it was not founded in caprice and passion ; nor put on for the sake of chffering from others ; but it grew out of a dehberate, steadfast regard to God and duty, and to these he adhered, whatever might be the consequences. He was as much above the opinions and customs of the world, as any man I ever knew. WTien once he had formed his purposes, he did not stop to ask what others might say and do in relation to them, but vigorously carried them into execution, and left observers to speculate, and opposers to complain afterward. I have known him, especially about the time he be- gan the world, to suifer severely, both in his reputation and property, from his unbending rectitude. But nothing would induce him to make a compromise with conscience. The unexpected pressure of difficulty may have disturbed him for a moment, but it was only MEMORV OF EVART3. 61 (0 inspirit him with fresh resohition and fortitude. Who tliat intimately knew him. cannot look back upon a multitude of inci- dents in his history, in which his conduct seemed to say, "Be bold in the service of God : it is the only thing worth being bold for !" When his mind had once taken a strong view of the great object he was pursuing, it was in vain to embarrass and resist him, un- l(^ss you meant to stimulate him to growing ardor and activity. Few men were so well able to sustain this determined character, because few possessed his judgment and discrimination, and his re- inarkabU; balance of mind. Men there are Iff unbending integrity and firmness, but they have little judgment to direct and govern them. Right or wrong, wise or unwise, they will not be diverted from their designs. But (his is not Christian boldness, but unchristian obstinacy. There was nothing from which Mr. Evarts was at a greater remov^e than this. Though he often formed very important de- cisions almost intuitively, he was, to a re- 62 MLMOKV OF EVARTSv markable degree, freed from imprudence and rashness. Very rarely, if ever, did he adhere to his purposes at the expense of practical wisdom. It was his characteristic discretion, as well as his zeal and intrepidity, that so sensibly promoted his usefulness, and secured for him the confidence and co-operation of the churches, in the great enterprise to which his life was so faithfully and successfully devoted. It was a circumstance of deep interest to the pagan world, that such a man as our de- ceased friend was called to the executive department of the American Board of Com- missioners for Foreign Missions. When the enterprise of foreign missions was set on foot by the churches of Massachusetts, he was engaged in the profession of the law. in a neighboring state. But he was by no means an indifferent observer of this novel under- taking. The missionary cause was one sin- gularly adapted to his expansive and bene- volent views. And it is in his hig-h and in- timate relation to this cause, that his friends MEMORY OF EVARTS. 63 and the friends of Zion love chiefly to regard him. He was useful in other spheres, and in some greatly useful. As a scholar, as a jurist, as an editor, as the patron of all Christian and benevolent institutions, as an abettor of the cause of temperance, as an advocate for the Christian sabbath, and the fearless de- fender of the rights of the Indians, he was the benefactor of his country. But the cause of missions to the heathen was the great sphere of his usefulness. For this he was eminently fitted by his talents, his scholar- ship, his untiring activity, his Christian character, and his acquaintance with men and the world. And his mind and heart seem to have received a new impulse, and to have been enlarged and transformed, by coming in contact with this great object. Perhaps there is not a finer example of the influence of benevolent operations upon the mind and heart than he himself presents ; and there is scarcely a finer example of the amount of good which can be accomplished by one man of humble origin, when his ef- 64 MEMORY OF EVARTS. forts are directed toward an object adapted to his capacity, and worthy of all his energy and ardor. The amount of business at the missionaiy rooms is much greater than is generally known, even by the friends of missions. The number of letters there prepared, many of them long and requiring much thought, exceeds tiventy-five hundred a year. On the secretaries of that office devolves all the cor- respondence of the board, foreign and do- mestic, except what relates immediately to the treasury. On them also devolves the preparation of the amiual report, of mission- ary papers, instructions to missionaries, and other public documents ; the editing of the Missionary Herald, the general supermtend- ence of the missions, the obtaining and directing of missionaries and agents, the col- lection of information which shall lead to the establishment of new missions and the en- largement of those already established ; the preparation of business for the prudential committee, the arrangements for the meetings MEMORY OF EVAUTS 65 of auxiliaries, together with the deputations to attend them ; and also a very extensive and personal intercourse with the friends of missions from all parts of the country. No one man could possibly attend minutely to this multiforious concern. For several years Mr. Evarts had little to do in conducting the Missionary Herald. Much of the correspon- dence, foreign and domestic, was also written by his associates. He was also occasionally absent from Boston, for considerable periods of time, when all the business of the rooms devolved on his associates. His absences always had some reference however to the missionary cause, and were laboriously de- voted to the formation of auxiliary societies, to tlie inspection of the missionary station.s, and to modify, if possible, the measures which he feared the national government might pursue in relation to the Indians. Here, per- haps, it may be proper to remark, that it may be doubted whether the necessity of official visits to the missions is well understood by the public, or their utility appreciated. The 6* 66 MEMOnV OF EVARTS. saving of money, of labor, of time in the pro- secution of the missions, and the promotion of zeal in the missionaries, have almost in- variably, perhaps always, been of far greater value than the expense of the visit. Lideed, such visitations, occasionally made, are in- dispensable, cost what they may. And with what fidelity, and advantage, and rigid econ- omy, this service was performed by Mr. Evarts, is well understood by the prudential committee of the board. The first ten annual reports of the com- mittee were written by the Rev. Dr. Worces- ter ; the last ten by Mr. Evarts. The con- clusion of the report in 1826, and of the last in 1830, are among his most eloquent pro- ductions, especially the last. Few productions do ofreater honor to the American character. It deserves to be noticed, that each of these secretaries should have written just ten re- ports. Mr. Evarts himself noticed this circum- stance, and dwelt upon it, with a significant foreboding, in a conversation with one of his associates, and desired him to remember the MEMORY OF EVARTS. 67 Circumstance if he should be called to his rest before another annual meeting of the board. The instructions to missionaries on the point of going into the field, were also generally written by Mr. Evarts. His untiring dili- gence and energy of action during the last ten years of his life, and while susttiining the office of secretary of the board, were beyond all praise. It was an eventful period of his life, fruitful in benevolent results, and has left its indelible impression on the heathen world. There is one very delightful feature in his character developed in the performance of his official duties. He appeared to feel deeply, and was anxious that his associates should feel their entire insufficiency for the enter- prise in which tliey were embarked, without divine aid. It was his custom for years, with some interruptions, after the labors of the week were ended, to meet his associates at liis own house, for the purpose of reviewing the business of the week past, and anticipating tliat of the week to come ; and in general of 68 MEMORY OF EVARTS. spending an hour in the evening in conver- sation and prayer, with reference to their official duties. His sohcitude for the proper discharge of his duty was sometimes very intense ; and so was his sohcitude for the missionaries ; but nothing occasioned him so much sohcitude as the backwardness of the churches to furnish pecuniary means for sending the Gospel to the heathen. But the days of his toil and solicitude are over. He rests now. He speaks to us from the grave ; or rather from those high worlds of light and joy. I seem to hear him say to the friends of missions in this assembly and in this land — " Remember the nations that know not God. Sectional distinctions, party interests, local enterprises, wealth, fame, pleasure — all, all must be forgotten in the great, the common enterprise of converting the iDorld. There is a beauty and sublimity in this mighty object, that transcend all the beautiful and sublime of the moral creation. "When the elements shall melt Avith fervent heat; when the earth with all its magnifi- MEMORY OF EVARTS. 69 arts. tlie emotion has been checked by the tliou^-ht that such powers were accompanied with corresponding respon- sibilities, and that a failure fully to employ 78 MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. them in the service of their Creator would be attended with great guilt. All the parts of his frame were, if we maysoexpress it, in keeping. The effect of one feature or limb was not height- ened by contrast with the deformity of another. On the contrary, each was rendered more at- tractive by being in harmony with others. A remarkable trait in his personal appearance, was the variety and quick succession of emo- tions which he exhibited through the medium of his countenance. The operations of his mind were in an extraordinary degree visible through that natural mirror. We have seen feelings of grief, of affectionate confidence, of intense solicitude, and of exulting hope, depicted on his features with such strength and vividness as to mock all delineation either by pen or pencil. It was like the crossing and recrossing of light and shade over a har- vest field. This circumstance helped him to retain command of the eye and the attention, when addressing a public audience. It was a passport to the hearts of men. The thoughts and feelings which were communicated by MEMORY or CORNELIUS. l^ liis language, were beaming and burning on every feature. The lines and colors of his countenance were the handmaids and inter- preters, and in many cases, the harbingers of what fell from his lips. The structure of his frame, and his general aspect, was that of dignity. He was formed to be a leader in any enterprize in which he might be engaged. His erect position and majestic frame im- pressed every beholder. It won the esteem of those who had no sympathy with his re- ligious opinions. It enabled him to declare the truth of God, in the presence of great men, without hesitation and without detriment to his cause. It also awakened a strong interest in his behalf in the most unenlightened and depressed classes of society with which he came in contact. Accompanying and enforc- mg all the preceding qualities, was his voice. It was one of uncommon clearness and com- pass. It could reach the most distant auditor - with perfect distinctness, and fill every cor- ner and niche of our largest edifices. It had not, perhaps, the delicacy and llexibiHty of 80 MEMORY or CORNELIUS tone which some voices possess ; still it was not deficient in these qualities. He produced the most powerful effects upon our feelings by the milder and lower intonations. There was occasionally asubduing tenderness, which was in strong and delightful contrast with some preceding exhibition of overwhelming power. His clear and sonorous voice was to him, as a public agent, a powerful auxiliary. Very few individuals who have lived in this country, have been called to address au- diences more numerous, or convened in edi- fices more diverse in form and size. The character of his father was another circumstance worthy of distinct considera- tion. This excellent man had passed through scenes which had imparted to him great energy and firmness. Early in life he had engaged in the service of his country, without the cordial concurrence of his family friends. He escaped from a long and severe imprison- ment in a British jail, by his boldness and in- genuity. He maintained, during the latter period of his military career, a consistent re- MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. 01 ligious profession, and to the close of a long life he upheld the institutions of the Gospel, in the face of much discouragement and op- position. This determined character he im- pressed upon his son. Perhaps the considera- tion that he was an 07iZy son, led him to guard more carefully against the dangers by which a father in such circumstances is surround- ed. At all events, the course of discipline which he adopted was manly and decisive, and the effect on the character of the youthful subject was great and salutary. It imparted a vigor and determination to his mind and whole character which never forsook him. In this connection, it is important to dwell, for a moment, upon a fact in his religious history. The remark has been sometimes made, that when God intends to employ an individual in a sphere of distinguished use- fulness, he so orders it that his conversion is marked and unequivocal. This assertion is not meant to imply that there must be, in all cases, very deep convictions of sin, or corre- sponding emotions of joy, or an inmiediately 82 MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. decisive alteration of any kind. The change in Baxter, Buchanan, and Martyn was so gradual, that the time when it commenced was not obvious to themselves or to others. At length, however, the CA'idence that they were Christians was to themselves distinct and full. Martyn said that he could no more question it than he could his own existence. The different manner and circumstances of this great change must exert a decided in- fluence on the whole subsequent life. Per- severing effort for the salvation of others, is not consistent with prevailing doubts in re- gard to one's own safety. What would a sol- dier be worth in the day of battle, if he followed his commander with hesitating and doubtful steps? A person must be rejoicing in hope, and in some measure confident of his high calling, before he can do good to all men as he has opportunity. It is of great importance, there- fore, that a Christian should commence his course with as much impetus as possible from the circumstances of his own conversion. The very recollection of the '• marvelous MEMORY OF COKXliLlL'S. 83 change" will inspire him with new ardor in his pathway to heaven. With this sicrnal ad- vantage did Mr. Cornelius enter upon his re- ligious course. His conviction of sin was un- conmionly deep and thorougli. and his first exercise of faith in the Savior cordial and soul-transforming. The reality of the change was clear to his o^\'Tl mind as well as to those of others. A consciousness of love to Christ diffused a sweet serenity through his soul, and armed him with courage for the day of conflict. He often referred to this period as emphatically a season of grace and peace — a foretaste of never-ending; joy. Darkness and doul)t, indeed, occa.sionally visited his soul within a short time after his conversion, but they only made the recovered beams of the Sun of Righteousness more pleasant and vivi- fying. He possessed in some good measure the feelings of Paul. wIumi he deduces from his confident expectation of eternal life the snblime inference, wiiF.nF.FORK we i^.vhou. Mr. Cornoliiis entered on his religious life at a period when many circumstances must 84 MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. have combined to produce a strong impres- sion on a heart so susceptible as his. It was an era in the history of Christianity. The churches of Christ were just beginning to reaUze the great fact that their rehgion is to be propagated among all nations. The first company of missionaries had just departed to carry the Gospel to India. Mills had com- menced his career of seraphic benevolence. Our Western States were becoming known as, in many parts, scenes of moral desolation. An unaccustomed interest was awakened in behalf of the children of Africa. The glow and freshness of youth was upon every thing which had respect to the propagation of Chris- tianity at home and abroad. There had been no period like it since the reformation. The preceding years of the nineteenth century were, comparatively, a season of apathy. At the present time, the subject of the evangeli- zation of the world has become, to some ex- tent, a matter of sober calculation, and of fixed principle. The fact, therefore, that Mr. Cornelius entered upon the Christian life at MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. So the time in which he did, shaped, iii no in- considerable degree, his whole future destiny. It gave a tenderness to his feelings, and an en- largement tohisviews, which wouldhave been attained, probably, in no other circumstances.* His familiar acquaintance with a few such men as Mr. Evarts and Dr. Worcester, it is generally supposed, contributed, in no slight degree, to the formation of his character. Frequently as he enjoyed such opportunities, and hiirhly as he valued them, they could hardly fail to leave a deep impression on his inquisitive mind and susceptible heart. We are inclined to believe, however, that the in- tercourse which he enjoyed with those vene- rated men, though highly important, did not essentially modify his character. He learned from them, indeed, many lessons of practical wisdom. They corrected the decisions of his inexperienced youth, and helped him to con- trol his feelings, by giving additional clear- ness to his conscience, and strength to his * He read^at this lime, with singular iltlijilil ai.d profit, ihe Memoir ofMrr. Harriot Newell. 8 86 MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. judgment. At the feet of Dr. Worcester, especially, he always delighted to sit, and listen to the words of wisdom which dropped as honey from his lips. Yet his character, as to all his main features, was formed before his acquaintance with the individuals in question. He never manifested a sounder judgment, or a more enlightened zeal, than on his mission to the Indians, when hardly twenty-two years old. That agency brought him into connection with men high in civil life, yet he acquitted himself of all his diffi- cult undertakings with uncommon fidelity and prudence. His resources were developed very early in life. He did not need that pro- tracted experience which many others must acquire before their powers can be safely, and to the highest _degree, employed. The effect of his intercourse with more mature minds, consisted in giving a uniformity to his character, and in correcting his judgment in the lesser circumstances and occasions of life. We are now prepared to consider some of the traits in his character, in the formation Mf,MOR\ OF CljRXKLIUS 87 and culture of which he exerted a more di- rect agency himself. The versatility of his powers was uncom- mon. There are very few species of labor, in- tellectual or physical, in which he would not have excelled, had he pleased to have given his attention to them. He could turn instantly from one employment to another. He had that ready address, that self-possession, at- tractive personal appearance, acquaintance with the modes of iritercourse in society, firm muscular power, excitableness of emotion, which qualified him to discharge, with entire success, a great variety of complicated duties. He did not possess, as he was ever ready to acknowledge, very copious stores of science and literature. Still, he had the mental ability — the stamina of a scholar — power of labo- rious investigation — of seizing upon funda- mental principles — of subjecting a topic to logical analysis and generalization. Had he seen fit to accept of his appointment of The- ological Professor at one of our more im- portant colleges, he would, doubtless, have 88 MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. qualified himself to have discharged its du- ties with eminent ability. On one occasion he had opportunity to show his mental re- sources on the field of controversy ; with what success need not here be mentioned. His ser- mon on the Trinity is a happy specimen of clear and simple illustration, and of condens- ed thouo;ht, on a subject which has been fre- quently involved in unnecessary darkness. His executive powers were so remarkable, that it has been sometimes supposed that he resorted to his study with strong reluctance. But the fact was the reverse. A mind so in- telligent and inquisitive was certainly capa- ble of acquiring habits of abstraction, and of severe and protracted thought. The entire harmony of his character was as remarkable as the versatility of his powers. He was a faithful and an affectionate friend, a valuable counsellor, lovely and interesting in all his social relations, ready to sympathize in every form of human calamity, and to take a real and eifective interest in the concerns of others. He rejoiced in the extension of civil MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. 89 liberty and the rights of man. He was an impressive preacher of the doctrines of the cross, and an eloquent advocate of e very- philanthropic entcrprize. At home or abroad, among strangers or friends, in the great con- gregation, or on the solitary journey, there was a delightful consistency of feeling and conduct. But it may be well to consider more at length, some of the qualities of his character which have just been enumerated. For a pro- fessional man, his acquaintance with the af- fairs of common life and business was un- commonly extensive and accurate. He ad- hered to the maxim, that what was worth doing at all, was worth doing well. He con- ducted his pecuniary accoimts with great re- gularity and neatness. The various public documents which were intrusted to his care, were arranged with order and intelligence. His style of penmanship, if not distinguished for elegance, was very neat and perspicuous. To the most minute details of the office, to the most laborious examination and arrange- 8* 90 MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. meiit he submitted with entire cheerfulness. This intimate acquaintance with the details of a system, enabled him to act with confi- dence and energy. The effect of such know- ledge and such habits on his conscience was by no means inconsiderable. The tenderness and power of that faculty are often greatly lessened by the loose and desultory manner of transacting, pecuniary concerns, which many professing Christians adopt. A great revolution in the habits of men, in this parti- cular, Avill be effected wlien they will bring their conscience beneath the clear and search- ing light of God's law. They will see and feel that a Christian character, in its proper meaning, can be maintained only by doing at the right time, and in the right manner, every duty which devolves upon them. Closely allied with the preceding trait, was integrity. Of the property of the church, which was intrusted to his care, Mr. Cornelius was a faithful steward; conscious that the prosperity, if not the very existence of our benevolent as- sociations is depending on the rigid honesty MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. 91 of those who have the disposal of the piibhc funds. He had evidently studied this subject with much seriousness and attention. Instead of subjecting himself to the charge of delin- quency and carelessness, he, perhaps, erred on the other extreme. He frequently men- tioned to the writer of this article, that he never performed a journey of considerable length, in behalf of a public object, without a sacrifice of his |>ecuniary interests. When urged to adopt efficient measures to secure a more comfortable pecuniary support, he was accustomed to bring forward, in justification of his conduct, the example of Paul, who gladly relinquished his own rigiits that he might put no hinderance in the way of the Gospel. We have rarely known an instance ol honesty more scrupulous, of integrity farther beyond the reach of suspicion, accompanied at the same time with great, and, considering his circumstances, munificent liberalily- Mr. Cornelius possessed, in a striking de- gree, the power of inducing others to co-ope- rate with him in the accomplishment of his 92 MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. plans. It was very difficult for an individual, however fortified in an adverse opinion, to resist his eloquent persuasions. One secret of his success, in this particular, was his per- sonal experience in deciding questions of duty. He had fully investigated those consi- derations by which all men of religious prin- ciple are wont to be guided. He could also state a question to every description of minds with remarkable clearness. He did not carry his point so much by the invention of new ar- guments, as by a luminous presentation of the obvious and ascertained facts and arguments belonging to the question. We have been sur- prised at the facility with which men of mo- derate capacity apprehended his meaning. He had none of that vanity which causes a man to hunt for original thoughts and modes of expression, at the expense of perspicuity and impression. He was willing, also, to re- iterate the same great motives and arguments, when an ambitious spirit, or personal intellec- tual benefit, would have tempted him to have taken a different course. Such, moreover, MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. 93 was the vigor of his imagination and the strength of his feehngs, that he could clothe a subject in rich and attractiv^e colors. He was deeply interested himself in whatever bu- siness he undertook, and this enabled him to present it to others in its most impressive forms. His object was not, however, attained by over-statement, or by an enumeration of unimportant circumstances, but by show- ing the prominent aspects of the question in their bearing on tlie salvation of the world. And here it may be remarked, that he ever retained the friends and auxiliaries which he had secured to liis cause. Those who had bestowed of their substance, bountifully, at his solicitation, welcomed his return. He had qualities which made it delightful to be asso- ciated with him — a deep and sincere interest in the welfare of others, even in minute par- ticulars — unaffected kindness of manner — great delicacy of feeling — freedom from eve- ry species of envy and jealousy — the practice of heartily conmiending others, when it could be done with truth — and aconfidcut liclicf in 94 MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. the certain and glorious triumphs of the en- terprize in which he was engaged. This last circumstance was very apparent. He was ac- customed to dwell upon the encouraging as- pects of his course. Some excellent men, by allowing their minds to fasten on the apathy of real Christians, on the avarice of merce- nary professors of Christianity, and on the appalling obstacles in the way of success in the unbelieving world, exceedingly impede their usefulness. They become timid, gloomy, jealous, if not misanthropic. They rarely min- gle, with their harsh complaints and denunci- ations, the soft words of persuasion and en- couragement. They do not follow the exam- ple of Paul, who commended his brethren whenever he could do it in consistency with truth. Mr. Cornelius acted on the principle of the Romans, never to despair of the common- wealth. He threw around him an air of cheer- fulness and hope. This example animated the bosoms of his coadjutors. They felt in- spired by the presence of a leader who was so confident of victory, and so able, with the blessing of God, to secure it. MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. 95 One of the traits in his character to which his success in pubhc hfe was greatly owing, was the union of sound judgment and ardent emotion. A stranger, after hstening to his pubhc addresses, might conchide that how- ever efficient he might be in action, he would not be uncommonly discreet in counsel. But the important public measures of his life will bear the severest examination. In matters comparatively unimportant, errors in judg- ment might be discerned. But whenever a great interest was at stake, no man would submit to more patient deliberation. We Avill select a striking instance of his forethought, at the very commencement of his public ca- reer in 1818. At the time in which he visited the councils of the Creek and Cherokee Indians, for the pur- pose of inducins^ them to co-operate in the esta- hhshiiieut of schools and missions aniont; their people, the (government of the I'uited States were endeavoring to induce the Indians to re- move west of the Mississippi. Soon after the ar- rival of Mr. Cornelius in New-Orleans, a friend 96 MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. in Tennessee informed him that a report was in circulation in that State, that he had used all his influence while with the Indians, to persuade them not to sell their lands and emi- grate, according to the wishes of the govern- ment of the United States ; and further, that on the strength of this report the Governor of Tennessee had written to the Secretary of War, cautioning him to guard against the in- fluence and designs of Mr. Cornelius. This intelligence, totally unexpected as it was, did not lead him to act unadvisedly, nor to delay acting promptly. It happened most providen- tially that when he had visited the Indian tribes, two or three Tennessee merchants were in company with him. on their way to New-Orleans, and had heard all his commu- nications with the Indians, as he had acted solely through the medium of an interpreter. He immediately procured aflidavits from these merchants, fully disproving the charges which had been made against him. and forwarded them to the Department of War. This mea- sure at once corrected the misapprehension. MEMORY OF CORXULIUS. 07 and restored liim to the confidence of the go- vernment. On his return to Washington, he deposited in the records of the Secretary's office a document containing- a complete view of the whole case. Such judo;mcnt and prompt action, in an inexperienced youth ot" twenty-one, is certainly not common. If the inquiry is made for the cause of this maturity of judgment in an individual who had feel- ings so ardent, the reply would he. that it was doubtless in ])art to be attril)uted to an original structure of his mind. He was also in the habit of carefully consulting the opin- ions of others. When a case of great impor- tance came before him, no one was more anxious to receive the light wliich others could scatter in his p;ith. He was habitually accustomed, also, to look to the Lord Jesus Christ, in whom are all the treasures of wis- dom and knowledge. He did not cultivate simply a general feeling of dependence upon him ; he had an abiding conviction of the real existence and presence of the Savior. He cherished, in a remarlcablo dcgici'. the 9 98 MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. belief, that erery circumstance, howei^er mi- nute, which has reference to the prosperity of the church, is under the special care of its Great Head. Lord, what wilt tlioii have me to do ? contained a sentiment which was ever on his lips, and which was deeply engraven on his heart. His prayers, without degene- rating into trifling minuteness or tedious pro- lixity, were marked by an intelligent enume- ration of those particulars which were best cal- culated to awaken his own feelings, and by a solemn recognition of the interest which his Redeemer felt in all the plans that respected his own glory and kingdom. Those who were conversant with Mr. Cor- nelius, must have been struck with the en- largement of his views and the philanthropy of his feelings. This was apparent and pro- minent in all the relations which he sustain- ed. He looked above and beyond local feel- ing, and party prejudice, and sectarian self- ishness, and national antipathies. He was emphatically the friend of the human race. No circumstances ever filled him with more unaffected sorrow than the prospect of divi- i MEMORY OF COIINELIUS. 99 sions among the churches of Christ. He felt that all, who had been redeemed by the blood of Christ, should show their high calling by- living at peace with one another. This ca- tholic spirit was not attained by any sacrifice of principle. He loved the great doctrines of the Gospel, and on them alone placed his hope of eternal life. Still he held the truth in love. He made his very attachment to the peculiar doctrines of Christianity the occasion of more fervent and expansive regard to all who were rejoicing in the same precious faith. It might be inferred, perhaps, from the pre- ceding remarks, that energy must have been one of his prominent characteristics. This enabled him, by the grace of God, to accom- plish, in a few years, great results. He seems to have had, especially during the last years of his life, a strong impression of the brevity of human existence, and a belief that if he intended to do any thing for his fellow men, it must be done noir. It was interesting to see how active his mind was in providing against any relaxation or intervals in his en- 100 MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. gagements. He was as solicitous to anticipate and forestall labor, as many others are rest and amusement. His mind was ingenious and fer- tile in discovering expedients, on an elevated scale, for doing good. At the time of his death, he probably had plans and objects in view which would have required, in their execution, a much larger space than is allot- ted to man upon earth. This promptitude of character was essentially aided by some of his personal habits. While in the prosecution of an enterprize, he rarely intermitted his work for the sake of examining his motives. Such a step would have evidently weakened and retarded his efforts. For the time being he threw himself, and all his capabilities of mind and action, into the enterprize before him. Previously to entering on his labors, he carefully examined the state of his heart, and frequently set apart an entire day for spi- ritual preparation. When his engagement terminated, he faithfully reviewed the condi tion of his soul, and sought repentance foi those things which had been repugnant to MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. 101 his profession. Thoii2:h this method of self- examination might not be expedient to such as have favorable opportunities daily, yet, in a public agent, it is altogether the wisest course. Such a man, while rapidly journey- ing from place to place, compelled to accom- plish within a given period a great amount of business, has no time nor place to slop and critically investigate his motives. He must make prayer and self-examination a stated and special work. The energy in the cha- racter of Mr. Cornelius was increased by the thorough knowledge of his duties, which he at all times possessed. He did not toil in ig- norance or misapprehension. He obtained a clear idea of the specific work before him, and made skillful arrangements for its prosecution and completion. Of course he rarely wasted his energy, and suffered little from any des- pondency of mind consequent upon such waste. His energy, however, did not partake in the least of obstinacy or fierceness. He had gentle feelings and truly delicate sensi- bilities. Often did he bind up the broken 102 MEMORY OF CORNELIUS. heart, and heal the wounded spirit. He loved to administer the consolations of the Gospel at the bedside of the sick and dying. No acts of his life are cherished with more grateful remembrance by his flock at Salem, than those performed on such occasions. It was not an aftected or an official display of s^Tn- pathy. It was the outpouring of a heart full of tenderness. In his intercourse with his fa- mily there was a mingled expression of dig- nity and kindness. The authority of the pa- rent was sweetly blended with the amenity of a friend and companion. It is in the social circle where a breach has been made which time will never close. There has been the crushing of fond hopes. The mere respect and esteem, which a general acquaintance with him could not fail to produce, may be forgotten ; but the circle of friends who knew him intimately will need something more than the lapse of time, or intercourse with the world, to efface their sorrow. May He, who is the Resurrection and the Life, esta- blish with them his covenant of peace. MEMORY OF C0UNELIU3. 1U3 Mr. Cornelius, though he was called away before he reached the middle period of life, did not live in vain. He gave a noble testi- mony to the fact that Christianity is an in- ward principle, controlling, the heait, mold- ing the life, and eftectually subduing every adverse interest. Wherever he went, he car- ried the conviction that he was not labor- ing for himself, but for his liord and Master. He had fixed his eye on the conversion of all mankind to Clirist. When he first entered on his religious life, this was the idea which took possession of his soul. He felt that he had experienced the grace of God only that he might bring others to partake of the same blessed grace. Doing good became the pas- sion of his soul. For this he expended the energies of a muscular frame, of a comi)re- hensive intellect, and of a fervent spirit, till death interrupted his work, or rather changed its sphere. With earthly passions he had, in- deed, to contend. With the warfare between the " spiritual man " and the " heart which is by nature desperately wicked," he was in- 104 MEMORY OF CORNELITTS. timately conversant. Still he kept his eye fixed upon the divine Redeemer, and in his strength went forth to the conflict. The motto which he formally adopted, and upon which he acted, was, " I keep under my body, and briug it into subjection, lest, after having preached to others, I myself should be a cast- away." The most powerful means, which he adopted for this purpose,^ was doing good — laboring for Christ. In this course he sacri- ficed ease, prospects of worldly competence, and literary hopes. God, in his holy sovereignty, has taken him away. He teaches us most affectingly that he can do without us or any of our ser- vices. The utter vanity of all earthly de- pendencies was never more impressively ex- hibited. Who now can feel that any man's existence is indispensable for the advance- ment of the Christian cause ? Who will not now place a more entire confidence in Christ ? Who will not, while he adores the profound mystery of God's providence, give himself to his work with redoubled energy ? If we are MEMORY OF C0RNELIU3. 1 j followers of them who have fought tiie good fight, we shall join their society. A blessed company is collecting around the throne. Rapidly are the redeemed of the Lord gather- ing from their wide dispersion, and silting down to the marriage-supper of the Lamb. The ties, which connect us with heaven, are constantly increasing. •• There our best friends and kindred dwell." There is our glorious Redeemer. Let us so live, that when the Bridegroom cometli. we may go c^it with joy to meet him, Note. — This ^ketcli orComeluis is t:iken from tlio duarterly Rcgipter of the American Eilucalioii Sj- ciel\' conducted bv B. B. E Iw.irilij. MEMOIR OF WISNER. BT SAMUEL H. COX, D. D. There is something awful in the slate even of the pious dead, that seems also pecu- har to them. Their career is finished. They are majestically seated with Christ in his throne. Even Christian faith that abhors the apotheosis of creatures, sees a divinity in their glorified condition. Jewels they were of the Redeemer, fine and polished, even when on earth ; some of them, brilliant and of the first magnitude. Hut they are now placed in his diadem; and their lustres liv^c for ever. Rust decay, change, danger, dimness, have no abode or entrance or memorial in tiie spheres of iioliness and bliss. They need no canon- izing at Rome, being sainted in reality and that in the metropolis of the universe. If any MEMOIR OF WISNER. 107 of the species are to be envied — pardon so mean an illustration — it is not those who re- main still in the body. The dead are beati- fied. Theirs is the vision, the fruition, the perfection of God. TJiey have washed their robes and made the?n white in the blood of the Lamb. Therefore are they before the throne of God, and serve him day and night in his temple ; and he that sitteth on the throne shall dwell among them. They shall hunger no more, neither thirst any more ; neither shall the siai light on them,, nor any heat. For the Lamb which is in the midst of the throne shall feed them, and shall lead them nnto living fonntains of waters: and God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes. Our loss at the departure of such worthies as the cause of our Foreign Missions has been called to weep, in so many successive instances and from spheres of usefulness so eminent and promising, is too great, and too recent, not to need the solaces that are neither few nor small." We lift our eves MEMOIR OF WISNEn. 109 from earth and its ruins, from the church and its calamities, from human comforters and fciding things ; and fasten them on glory and on God. Here is rest and permanency. We see WHO reigns, not more excellent than prosperous ; not more holy than happy ; God over all, blessed for ever. We are refreshed, we are healed. He is unerring. What /te does, whatever he does, all his agency as such is absolute perfection, doing what is incom- parably best. He never forgets his church; never sacrifices the true interests of his king- dom ; never in a single instance regrets, or could amend, his own everlasting ways. Great and marvellous are thy works, Lord God Almighty ; just and true arc thy ways, thou King of saints. TT/io shall not fear thee, O Lord, and glorify thy name ? for thou only art holy : for all nations shall COME AND WORSHIP BEFORE THEE ; for thy judgments are made manifest. Another great man is fallen in our Israel ; and whatever llie gain to him, not less is the loss to us. 10 110 SfEMOIR OF WibSZn. In Virtue's eye the yood alone are great; The great loo seldom i^ood. In an estimate the most sober and chastised ; rejecting superfluity, and pageantry, and glare ; viewing these high quahties in their proper nature and their purest elements ; caring nothing for what is adventitious or imaginary ; forming our conclusions too Avithout the parsimony of the sordid or the humility of the envious ; thinking of our WisNER as calmly as we can in his true character, now that his course is finished and his warfare fought, now that his fame is heavenly or has become the especial inheri- tance of the surviving church, we know of no reason why we should not glorify God in him as in a noble and gracious specimen of his own workmanship — a great and good man. By changing the first word, or substi- tuting his, we might appropriate, as his epi- taph, the following beautiful tribute of apos- tolic simplicity and commendation ; Demet- rhis hath good report of all ?}ien. and of the MEMOIR OF WISNl.R. Ill truth itself : yea. and we also bear record ; and ye know that our record is true. It may well be questioned if any clergyinan of his years and general standing, has died any where in this age, with a reputation more enviable, equitable, or pure, than that of Dr. Wisner. Its negative aspects, so far as we know, were perfectly excellent. Whatever his defects of character might have been in the sight of God, where no mortal is other than faulty and imj^erfect, they were scarcely palpable or discernible in the sight of men. At least they were much or totally unknown : while his positive excellencies were many and distinguishing. His business character was (hat of practical correctness and despatch, of tact and utility. It was methodical and accu- rate, executive and sober, industrious and ef- fective : in these qualities he truly excelled ; there being few of the sacred profession any where, whose proficiency in heavenly learn- ing became so sound .; the expectations of the reader will of course conform to the professions of the writer in respect to its generality and brevity. His funeral sermon was preached by the Rev. Dr. Fay ; and from its expected publication,, we anticipated for this volume the selections that were to complete its contents. But in this we have been disappointed,* in common * The writer of this too hasty sketch owes it to himself at least, to say that he consented at first to write the Introduction to this volume, at the request MEMOIR OF WISNER. 113 with many of the christian community. The sermon is not, we understand, to be given to the pubhc. We have hence been dependent on general reports of what the sermon con- tained, for any assistance — and we should be happy to acknowledge our obligations for more — received from its paragraphs and col- lections. Dr. Wisner was better known to the writer in his proper character, than in the incidents and facts of his personal history. of tlie publisher.^, with the e.Kpectatiou of terminating liis part where it beiran. But their disappointment was announced to him, after that part and tliose of Evarls and Cornelius were in type, and waiting the arrival ol documents from which it was intended to complete the volume. In this exigency of the pub- lisheis, he very reluctantly undertook- a work which ought to be performed with more materials, more time, and more adaptation of authorship, than it was in his power to command. The liope however of be- ing in some degree useful, without being in any de- gree hurtful, has sustained him in venturing the per- formance before the public ; and it cannot be echpsed by a fitting biograpliy, too stwn for his own feolinga or those of the communiiy. 10' 114 MEMOIR OF WISNEH. For these therefore he will be more regardful ofauthorities and the attestations ofotherS; than in the delineation, however imperfect, of the qualities that defined him in the daily walks of life. Still, these are not the most valuable recollections of an individual. Considered apart, they are of little importance ; especially in embalming- the mem.ory of the good. "With the princes and heroes of this world, charac- ter essentially considered, and especially as viewed in the light of an eternal criterion, character is nothing ; events and exploits are all. If these are splendid or magnificent, if they become the pivots of destiny to a nation or an age, if they remain moruimental of a place and a moment and a man with whom their celebrity is associated, then it is that the man becomes the hero of their history, lighted by their glare to the plaudits of posterity : with- out an inquisition or a verdict or a thought on the absolutely distinct question of that hero's character, or the genuine virtue that did or did not constitute any part of it. Be- sides, history is often at fault in its praises, MEMOIR OF WISNER. 115 on another principle. It has confounded, it may be, connection with causation ; proximi- ty with achievement ; a relation of affinity wholly passive, with an action of deliberate wisdom and steady performance. It was not perhaps the hero that made the occasion, but the occasion that made him. He might have never thought of the means, as such, by which the result was achieved ; or even have anti- cipated the result at all. But they whose vo- cation it is to eclipse the providence of God, must yield to the temptation of deifying that of man. Their hero was actuated only by the purposes that induced the corresponding events. He was lord of his own destiny, and there was no other being m v:hoie hand his breath vms, and whose were all his ways, and whom he had not glorified ! Some write a narrative of \var.~, and feats Of heroes Utile known ; and call the rant A his'.ory ; describe the man, of whom His own coevals took but little note ; And paint his person, character, and views, A3 they had known him from his mother's wcrab. 116 MEMOIR OF WISNLR. They diseiitanirle f.om the puzzled sltein, In wliich obscurity has wrapj/M them np, The tlircuiU of politic and slirewd design That r.m through all his piirpopr s and chr.r^e His mind with meanings that he never had, Or, having, kept conceak'd. We do not mean to deny the just connec- tion between providential events and the de- pendent agency of men. There is also a con- nection of great intimacy between the de- velopement of character and tlie objects in view of which it was formed. Human agency too, though dependent, is accountable ; and the great architect of our being, has left us ample scope for the due exercise and ex- pansion of our powers. He is equally the ar- chitect and the preserver of our proper free- dom ; while on high he wisely arbitrates events, and v-orkeih all things according to the counsel of his oicn will. It may here be added that comparatively few events of a thrilling spirit-stirring character, are ordina- rily to be found in the tranquil annals of the good. Hence they are oftener despised than MEMOIR OF WISXER. 117 rewarded in this world. They care for prin- ciples ; for truth and its relations ; for motives acceptable to God ; for a conscience without offence ; for beins: useful rather than famous ; for doing good more than being praised for it ; for avoiding temptation and display ; for keeping bright their evidences of acceptance in the Beloved ; and for ripening progres- sively for the heavenly inheritance. Conse- quently, there is very little romance in their story. Tiieir life is more even in its tenor, more noiseless in its lapse, more peaceful in its end, than that which suits the muse of poetry or history. But is it less excellent than others J Is it less worthy of perusal or less profitable for contemplation 7 Nay, is it less grand, intellectual, or philosophical ? Not at all. Instead of less, it is more worthy, more useful, more admirable. It is more distin- guished and illustrious. It is removed far- ther from greatness that is vulgar, from gran- deur that is puerile or pagan. It is alone worthy of imitation. It possesses the living seeds of immortality, and the destined germ 113 MLMOIR OF WISXER. of glory. Its honors will be sacred in the re- collections of heaven, wlicn inscriptions will be effaced and monuments have mouldered on the earth. Let us therefore mark the ^perfect man, and behold the upright : for the end of that man is jjeace. Benjamin B. Wisner was born in Goshen, Orange County, N. Y. the 29th of September, 1794. He died on Monday evening, Febru- ary 9, 1835, aged 40 years, 4 months, and 11 days. At the early age of three, he removed with his father to Geneva, then a mere wil- derness. His father was among the first set- tlers, and may be accounted one of tlie found- ers of the Presbyterian Church in that vicini- ty. He ^vas by profession a la\\^er ; and for some years before his death, District Attorney for the Western District of New- York. He died at the age of forty-four ; when Benja- min, his oldest son, was about twenty. AVliile absent from home on his professional busi- ness, the father was attacked with the palsy, and died before his friends could reach him. His mother was also a professor of the reli- MK>fOIB OF WISNEK. 119 gion of Jesus Christ, and died about nine years since. Young Wisner spent the early part of liis life at home, employing much of his time in agriculture. Of this employment he was al- ways fond ; and by it he acquired that strength and vigor of constitution which he certainly l)ossessed, and from which his many friends at least, cherished tlie prospect of his prolong- ed career on earth. It is thought also that an occupation so favorable to reflection, so teem- ing with demonstrations of God, so independ- ent of creatures by reason of its greater de- pendence on the creator, so primitive and pa- triarchal though more in vogue with the an- cients than with us, must hav'e had also a happy influence on the health and even the 2:rowth of mind, of which the advantages were many and parallel with the days of his snbsequfMit life. In ancicul time , tlu' S;irrcii plow einpIovM Tiic Ivi 'g-: •iiiil awliil lailicrs i f iiiaiiiui:erceive him not. Behold, he taketli away, who can lander him, 7 who will say unto hiin. What doest thou 1 If God will not withdraw his anger, the proud help- ers do stoop under him. The nature of his attack soon discovered MEMOIR OF WISNER 137 itself, and assumed a threatening aspect. It was accompanied with great soreness of throat, so as to preckide all ordinary conver- sation ; and to consist only with a few neces- sary words or sentences, interchanged in the administration of palliatives or remedies. And what was the state of his mind .' From all we have heard, the inference seems sound that persons at a distance who knew him, may judge almost as well as his nearest at- tendants. There was no time to converse. Even when his thoughts were commanded, and his mind at ease, all conversation was prudently forborne. But even this was of short duration. Delirium supervened, and continued with little abatement to the last. Still, there were intervals or rather flashes of reason, and words incoherently intelligible to the few about him. It is said of ranning, the late splendid Premier of Great Britian, that during his last delirious moments, his mind in fragments indicated its characteristic and then convulsive thoughts, by ejaculating such words as these — France — a Foreign 12* 138 MEMOIR OF WISNER. Ambassador — the court of Spain — no crown- ed head in Europe^the royal cause — the Brit- ish Parhament — Navy — his Majesty — Ex- chequer — Whigs — Tories — Reform ! With such thoughts his spirit flew to its account. Who will envy a genius so august, that shed magnificence on the highest office in the gift of the Majesty of England J What is genius, office, wealth, or majesty itself, on a death- bed ? A worm does not change its nature, by reason of its adventitious decorations or the gorgeous canopy under which it sickens and expires. And who would not rather die with Wisner than with Canning ? But we leave contrasts for the day of judgment ; we refer them to the wisdom of the Infallible. In the detached sentences and broken words of Dr. Wisner, the thingfs in which he had been wont to take the deepest interest were plainly indi- cated. The course of his affections was hea- venly, and his meditations were reaching af- ter the interests of the kingdom of Christ. He was now perfecting a plan for a great auxiliary combination, and now anticipating MEMOIR OF WISNER. 139 llie objections that would assail it. The niis- ^sioiuiry cause eu