THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES Only Five Hundred copies of this Work have been issued, of which this is No.... THE LIFE OF GUSTAYUS YAUGHATsT BROOKE. ^ ^/y^^^/^^. ^g^i.i>t^J THE LIFE OF GUSTAVUS VAUGHAN BROOKE, TRAGEDIAN. BY W. J. LAWRENCE. ' Nothiii;; in his life Uecainc liiin like tlie leaving it ; he tlicd As one that had heeu studied in his death, To throw away the dearest tliinjr he owed As 'twere a careless trifle.' BELFAST: W. & G. BAIRD. ROYAL AVENUE 1892. [all rights reserved.] [KiifiiiniUii ' ii V'lLiJiiiMrn '^ i^i ^ t'gi/iiimJJiiijmmiJiumiJmmiJiiimimiJifum^ PREFACE. TA' (in (itjc irlii'u It is fusliionable for the iri'll-t/rared ploijer to indnhji' in tiutuliKii/nip/iiciil n'winiscenrrs, or to Itarr /tis life written while in the iiieridttin of Iii.s cureer, some dpoloi/i/ nun/ lie deemed necessari/ for ended rouri)i;i to eiidxilm the memorii (f a Triton rooke haeiny been for the most part ayyresstve, I find little occasion to make farther acknowledymcnt of indebtedness here. In the few instances where im)iiratio7i has been derived from public sources, ample avowal will be found either in the te.rt nr in accompanyiny footnotes. The photoyrarure frontispiece represents the tnoyedian as he appeared after his return from Australia, early in tlie 'si.eties. For permission in ropy the jihotoyrajdi from irhie/i if is /alien J hare to thank my friend, Mrs. Swanton, who, in eonjnnrlinti with her late husliand , itpjiKired iiilh lirooke on his last niylit of miiny. T/ie nutnyraph siynatnre upjifuded is frmii a litter of the same period, furnished by Mr. IT. //. Malenlm. W. J. LAWRENCE. f"(»Mr.Ki:, .Iam-ai!v, 1H!»1>. CONTENTS. Preface PAGE V. Chapter I., 1818—1834 Birth of the Tragedian — Not Christened Gustavus Vasa, according to popular belief — His Father and Mother — Their Family Antecedents — Ihooke's Precocity as a Child - Is sent to School at Edgeworthstown — The Uev. William Jones's Academy in Dublin — Ihooke's youthful Prowess as an Athlete and Fencer — Acts and Dances on a Private Stage — Influence of his early Tutors — Russell, the Professor of Elocution — The Stripling Interviews Macready and J. W. Calcraft — His First Appearance at the Dublin Theatre and subsequent Tour through the Provinces — Anecdote illustrative of his Large -hear tedness — "The Hibernian Roscius" in London. Chapter II., 183-4— IBil Adventure at Dover — " Exit ' The Hibernian Roscius ' ; Enter i\Ir. (iustavus Brooke, Tragedian " — The Converted Manager- Reappearance in Dublin— First Meeting with Mr. George Goppin— Brooke's uick Stiidy and Wonderful Memory— liemarks on his Delivery and Stage Deportment — His Physical Characteristics — l^ord Lytton on his Claude Melnotte — Scene at the Birmingham Theatre — Two Tressels in the Field— ]\Iiss Marie Duret— Brooke's Drury Lane Engagement with ^lacready— Its Sudden Termination. 20 Chapter III., 1842—1840 ... Manchester, Liverpool, and Cork — Tragic Incident at Berwick —Strolling E.\periences in Scotland —Brooke an .Admirer of Vandenhoff— Returns to ^I.anchester and Plays with Macready, Edwin Forrest, and Charlotte Cushman —Lester Wallack's Estimate of our Hero — Forrest's Ciiaracteristic Epi.stle to Brooke— Helen Faucit in Manchester and Dublin. 37 viii. Gustavus Vaurjhan Brooke. PAGE Chapter IV., 1816—1847 ... ... ... ... 57 Brooke and the Impecunious Cork Manager — Lady Martin's Reminiscences of the Tragedian — His Acting Minutely Considered — Marie Wilton in the Manchester Stock Company — Fanny Kenible's Reappearance — Macready again — Brooke's First and only Appearance in a startling role at Wigan — The Guileless Doctor of Rochdale— Miss Glyn— Barry Sullivan — Brooke Arrested on his Benefit Night — Elects to Appear in London at the Olympic. Chapter V., 1848—1849 ... ... ... ... 75 On the Eve of a Trying Event— Brooke's d6but at the Olympic — A Capricious Audience Triumphantly Overcome — Hailed by the Press as Edmund Kean's Successor — Brooke and Salvini contrasted— Disappointing Result of the Olympic Engagement — Brooke Refuses Benjamin "Webster's INIunificent Offer — Returns to the Provinces — Influence of his Acting on the Edinburgh Students— Richard the Third's Wig; a Saddening Si)ectacle — Brooke's Vocal Organ becomes Impaired — "Shallows and Miseries" of Provincial Strolling— A Startling Series of Coincidences — Brooke's "Lines on the Death of Elton" — Readings from Shakespeare — Letters to Morris — How the Money Went. Chapter VI., 1849—1851 ... ... ... ... 101 Gus. and his Brother William— Sudden Departure of Marie Duret — Brooke Returns to the Olympic— His Letters to Morris — Appears in The Noble //ear^— Arrest and Death of the Olympic ^Manager — Brooke's Dilemma — Troubles witli his Costumier — Becomes Insolvent — Plays at the Marylebone — Under Medical Treatment for his Voice— Appears in Westland Marston's Marie de RIeranic — Acts in a Round of Characters with Miss Helen Faucit — Revisits the Provinces — Stirring Scene in the Belfast Theatre — A Tribute in Verse from a French Admirer— His First Marriage— Preparing for American Tour. Chapter VIL, 1851—1853 ... ... ... ... 118 Some Mi.nleading Statements Combated — Brooke makes his First Appearance in America at the Broadway Theatre, New York — Edwin Forrest's Friendly Attitude — Visits Phiiadeli)hia, Boston, Washington, and liaitimore — Meets witli (Weat SufcusH, and Ituslily Dctcniiinc's to Embark Sinj;ic-handcfl upon Theatrical Management in New 'N'ork— Becomes LcHhecof the Astor Place Ojjcra House, and I'roduces Tlic Corsican J Irolhcr.s —The N'cnture Proves Disastrous — AKHOciatcH himself once more witli Mr. .1. Hal! Wilton, and enters upon bin Second Tour — The Tide Turns - StMious Contents. ix. PAGE Illness in St. Lonis — Is Presented at Boston with a Magui- licent Testimonial — Last Appearance in America — Edmund Kean's Dagger. Chapter Vill., 1853—1854 ... ... ... ... 129 Ikooke Iteappears at ]>irmiiigliani, and enters upon a short Provincial Tour — A Successfnl and Protracted Drury Lane Engagement — The i?ccrii/ Jonnutl of Tuesday, August 27, ill noticing liis Wilham Tell and Young Norval, considered that "The Dublin Iloscius," as he was then styled, displayed talents of tlie first order as an actor. The critic condemned his tendency to over-emphasize, but confessed that One Touch of Nature, 15 blemishes were overlooked amid the many good points made. " He possesses an intellectual countenance ; his figure, though slight, is good ; his action animated and convincing ; indeed his tout ensemble is truly prepossessing ; and Master Brooke with industry, care, and perseverance bids fair to arrive at the top of his profession." Subsequently he appeared as Rolla, and on Wednesday, September 1, took a benefit, when he played the name-parts in Richard III. and Teildi/ the Tiler. This was announced as his last appearance, but he took another benefit on Friday, Sept. 20, playing Durimel in 'I'lif Point of Hono^ir. " Tickets to be liad of Master Brooke at 26 Ferry quay Street." An anecdote related by James Morris (one of Brooke's life- long friends), hi his " Recollections of Ayr Theatricals" (1872), shows that in after years the circumstance of Brooke having played Irish characters in his tyro days had been completely forgotten. " It was as a tragedian," writes Morris, " that he became so widely known and his splendid talents so highly appreciated, and yet the ' gentleman Irishman ' was the character in which he was most at home, and truly liked. A little incident in his professional life, in proof of his partiality for that particular u-alk, is worth notice, and became the means of ' bringing him out ' on a particular occasion, for one night in an Irish afterpiece. Having arrived at Liverpool to commence a ten days' ' starring ' engagement in one of the theatres there, he was passing through the lobby towards the green-room, for the double purpose of seeing the manager and meeting as usual the outgoing star, when his attention was attracted to a person sitting before the fire, apparently in great distress. Brooke, being a humane man, inquired the cause of the man's sorrow, which he thus explained : — ' I had given unwearied attendance upon Mr. during his engagement, and he, knowing that I have a large family, and from other circumstances, promised to act for my benefit in the after- piece to-morrow evening the character of Mr. O'Callaghan in the Irish piece of his ' Last Legs '; but he has just informed me that he requires to leave to-morrow.' ' Then,' says Brooke, ' put my name in the bill for O'Callaghan, m the afterpiece.' Witli an 16 Gustavus Vaughan Broolce. expression of gratitude the man replied — ' That will da me no (food. The public would not come out for i/ou .' ' ' Never fear,' says Brooke, ' give it a trial, and a few may turn out for a laugh at my presumption, and it will, at all events, serve your present purpose.' The change was made accordingly, and a good house was the result, many theatrical critics being present, who had a desire to witness the ' breakdown ' of an eminent tragedian in an attempt to assume a character in which his talented predecessor had carried all before him. It turned out otherwise, however, and the applause that greeted him was great. It may be noticed that the ' Irish star ' did not depart next day, as he intended, but remained to witness from the gallery, incog., the discomfiture, as he anticipated, of a young competing Paddy." With so much enthusiasm was young Brooke received at Glasgow that, after fulfilling his original engagement of twelve nights, he was at once re-engaged on increased terms. On Friday, May 2nd, 1831, he made his first appearance at the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh, as Selim in Barharossa, the announcements referring to him as " Master Brooke, whose performances in the Theatres Royal, Dublin and Glasgow, have distinguished him as the most talented youth that has appeared since the days of the young Roscius." After the following evening the theatre remained closed for a fortnight. On the 16th of the month, however, Brooke took his benefit, and made his farewell bow, appearing as Frederick in Lovers' Vows; Virginius in the third and fourth acts of K lowles' tragedy; and in the last act of Uichard III. Shortly afterwards he made his first appearance in Dumfries, where he subsequently became a great favourite, and grew to be known as "the second Edmund Kean." Indeed, his popularity there was such that a street adjoining the theatre was eventually named after hiui. There are those Btill living in the town who have keen recollections of the great impression created during this first visit, when the theatre was crowded nightly, and of seeing the tall, slender, pale-faced youth walking quietly through the streets, accompanied by his lady mother. First Appearance in London. 17 Meanwhile, his fame liad reached the metropolis, and negotiations with the proprietor of the Victoria Theatre resulted in an engagement. But the statement so frequently made in various accounts of Brooke's life that on his first appearance in London he played Virginius tri-weekly for a month, and gave complete satisfaction, is as far from the truth as the date (1837) usually assigned to the event. Here is the announcement of Brooke's appearance : — ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE. The Proprietor has the greate^st pleasure' in announcing that his efforts to improve tlie interior of tlie theatre have met with the most enthusiastic approbation from the Public and the Press, which unanimously pronounces the Victoria to be the most elegant tiieatre in Europe. In order to fulfil his pledge to the introduction of novelty, he has the lionour to announce the appearance of the lIluiiUNiAN Roscius, fourteen years of age, who will make his first appearance on the London Stage in the character of Virginius. This evening (Thursday), October 2, will be performed \'lltGlNlUS. Appius Claudius, Mr. Selby ; Caius Claudius, Mr. Griffith ; Virginius, Master Broolce ; and Virginia, Miss P. llorton. At the end of the play will be exhibited the Looking Glass Curtain, in front of which the celebrated Ranio Samee will go llnough a \ariety of extraordinary and novel Feats. After which The Man ivitli the Carpet Bag. Pluckwell, Mr. Doyne; Wrangle, Mr. Forrester ; Grab, Mr. W. Keene ; Grimes, Mr. Mitchell ; and Harriett, Miss Foster. To conclude with Caught Courting; t)i:, Juno by Jove. On the whole, the performance attracted little critical attention, and was passed over unnoticed hy The Times, The Sun, and Tlie Observer. "Last night at this house," says the Mornhuj Advertiser of Friday, October 3, 1834, " the third, fourth, and fifth acts of Virginius were produced, and introduced for the first time to a metropolitan audience the Hibernian Roscius, Master Brooke, who, the bills inform us, is only fourteen years of age. The youth is evidently of tender years, but seemingly of some strength of mind ; we would say he is rather tall of his years, but is an exceedingly clever boy, and evinces vast precocity of talent — that is, to see him perform, we would 18 Gustavus Vaughan Brooke. never for a moment entertain suspicion that he had been merely drilled to a task. His figure is neat, his demeanour graceful, and he walks the stage with an air of experience and sufficiency that bespeaks his performance is the emanation of his own mind. The character of ^^irginius, which he personated, was a severe ordeal for so young an actor to be tried by. It requires so much passion and energy, and the continuance of so many impassioned scenes in rapid succession draw heavily on the physical force of the performer ; and this was evidently felt by Master Brooke ; wherever his speech was of any material length he had scarcely sufficient strength remaining at the finish to make himself distinctly heard all over the house. It might naturally be supposed, for youths who become actors, that they ought to select juvenile parts ; but unfortunately most of them — such as Norval in Douglas, Frederick in Lovers' Vows, and those of this class — require very superior skill in the profession indeed, to make them tell upon an audience, and consequently the very young actor, if gifted with superior talent, is likely to produce a more striking effect in such parts as Virginius, and become an object of wonder, and be much more attractive than if be played with better judgment a quieter character. . . . The performance of young Brooke was astonishingly neat, and his business and bearing altogether was manly and characteristic, far exceeding what could be expected from a boy of his years. Those who are fond of witnessing essays of precocious genius will experience a great treat in seeing the Hibernian Roscius. "The play was cast with the whole strength of the company, and was altogether produced in excellent style. At the conclusion Master Brooke came forward and announced the piece for repetition amidst immense applause. The young gentleman met a most flattering reception from a very crowded house." Brooke's success, however, was purely one of esteem. Only five or six performances of Virfihmts were given ; and after the ensuing week tlio name of tlie Hibernian Roscius disappears from the bill. On the second nigjit of the engagement the boy was A Snccess of Ef^fppw. 19 too ill to appear. There was a large house, and the audience grew so clamorous that Elton had to be sent for with the view of his playing Virginius. Ikit the messenger returned with the intelligence that the actor was not to be found, and the piece was then changed. On Monday, October 6, a new melodrama, called " The Purse of Alms, or, The Mendicant Monk," saw the light. The Mornimi Chronich' of the following day remarks: — "After tlie melodrama Vinji>ii'i(s was produced, the part of Virginius being undertaken by a Master Brook, yclept the Hibernian Roscius. . . . We hardly know how we can better characterise the performance of this young aspirant to tragic fame than by saying, as Dr. Johnson said of the bear that danced upon its hind legs — ' He did not do it well, but the wonder was that he did it at all.' " It was certainly strange that Brooke's first appearance in London should prove equally inauspicious with that of George Frederick Cooke and Edmund Kean, the chequered course of whose lives bore such a marked resemblance to his own. Nor does the coincidence end there. As in the case of those fiery- eyed geniuses, when next he appeared in the metropolis (after much tedious but eminently useful strolling), it was to take the town by storm and be hailed as the Coming Man ! lj ^^tgB^[^|g5^B^ljE^l^f5g^[4^3fgsHBaf5CH ^" T3^aE^l^ lMii3^^^ !vtel=^^5E^b^lJE^l^^aaBt3lMli^5aEia^aaBTa^5E^Mjt5ElB^l^ CHAPTER II 1834—1841. Adventure at Dover — " Exit ' The Hibernian Roscius '; Enter Mr. Gustavus Brooke, Tragedian "— The Converted Manager — Re-appearance in Dublin — First Meeting witli Mr. George Coppin — Brooke's Quick Study and Wonderful Memory — Remarks on his Delivery and Stage Deportment — His Physical Characteristics — Lord Lytton on his Claude Melnotte — Scene at the Birmingham Theatre— Two Tressels in the Field — Miss Marie Duret— Brooke's Drury Lane Engagement with Macready — Its Sudden Termination. TRIFLING as had been the success of the metropoHtan engagemeut, it at least enabled our youthful hero to become attached, for a time, to the Kent circuit, where he studied assiduously, and very soon added several new characters to his repertory. In some pleasing recollections of that period, contributed to the Kr/i Almanack for 1881, Mr. Creswick, who was stage manager at the Dover Theatre, and had only just attained his majority, tells us that Brooke wore " a short jacket and peaked cap, and looked very boyish. He was announced as the young Roscius (?) and well deserved the name." Besides appearing in most of his old parts, he also played Looney M'Twolter in the well-known Irish farce, and Dennis Brulgruddery in Johi Bull. The theatre only being open four nights a-week, Creswick, Ternan, and J. P>arrett took advantage of an off-day to accompany the youthful star on his first visit to Shakespeare's cliif. "He was brimful of excitement," writes Creswick, "and shouted, ran about, and climbed like a wild goat. He was then very wild — no one but his lady mother could tamo him." There was a very exciting termination to the day's outing. Retracing their steps at a late hoiu', the little band came across a house A Full-fed (jp(l Tra(ipAian. 21 on fire, down a narrow street in the siiburbs of tlie old town, and were instrumental in saving the lives of a woman and child from imminent destruction. In September, 1835, Master Brooke played a few nights at Leeds, where he made the acquaintance of a brilliant coterie of artists, in Chippendale, Compton, H, ]\Iellon, Chute (afterwards the Bristol manager), and Miss E. Lee, better known now as Mrs. Leigh Murray. ^Yith IMiss Allison, who played Amelia to his Frederick in Lovers' Voirs, he was afterwards to find himself prominently associated at the Marylebone, when the lady and he were conjointly starred there in 1850. She was then to be recognised as Mrs. Seymour, the faithful friend of Charles Reade. Although Brooke had now reached an age when he could no longer, with consistency, pose as "The Hibernian Roscius," no reliable record is extant to show that he ever went through the drudgery of stock work in any minor capacity. At this juncture, Fate merely wrote the stage direction — " Exit ' The Hibernian Roscius'; enter Mr. Gustavus V. Brooke, tragedian." Li this latter capacity we find him starring at the Theatre Royal, Glasgow, early in February, 1836, in conjunction with Miss Clifton (of Drury Lane, Covent Garden, and the principal American theatres) and Mr, Mackay, the celebrated representative of Scottish characters. On Saturday, February 6, Brooke appeared as Henry Morton in Jlw Battle of Botlmell Jin)/, and as George Douglas, of Lochleven, in another national drama, called Mary Queen of Scots, or LocJdeven Castle. Mackay was in the cast of both pieces, and Miss Clifton played the name-part in the latter. During this engagement, which extended over a fortnight, Brooke appeared from time to time as Rob Roy, The Stranger, George Staunton f The Heart of Midlothian), and as Edgar Ravenswood in The Bride of Latinnermoor. It is noteworthy that during the next thirty years the last-mentioned impersonation remained one of his most popular with provincial audiences, and was selected by him for his benefit on the penultimate night of his appearance on the stage. As early as this period, too, he had begun to study the character in which 22 Gustavus Vaughan Brooke. he was destined to make the hit of his Hfe, at the Olympic It was certainly something of an achievement for a youth of eighteen to give an acceptable rendering of the arduous and trying role of Othello. On Monday, April 11, he made his first appearance in Kilmarnock, playing there under the management of a Mr. Breyer, for six nights, in Richard III., Douglas, Othello, Macbeth, and other pieces. Seven months afterwards we find him at Perth, where he appeared, presumably for the first time, as Harry Dornton in The Road to Ruin. About this period, also, he played at Hawick for a few nights, under the management of Mr. W. Palmer, and was reminded of his sojourn there while performing in Manchester in the July of 1854, by the receipt of a letter from the quondam manager, who intimated that he had exchanged the boards for the pulpit, and, after the approved manner of such zealots, " most respectfully and earnestly begged his attention to the Gospel of Salvation." Brooke, who was accustomed to receive the most extraordinary communications, evidently took the appeal in good part ; the letter in which it was made is preserved to this day. Although upwards of four years had elapsed since Brooke made his first appearance in Dublin, the critics, on his return to his native eity, in the October of 1837, still refused to listen to the voice of the charmer. " It is a very trite observation," says Saunders's Daihj Neivs-Letter, of Thursday, October 26, " that ' comparisons are odious ' ; but in some instances they cannot but be made, even if we were disposed to avoid resorting to such means of testing merit. The character of Virginius is so identified with the recollections of Mr. Macready, that when any other actor undertakes to represent it he must expect to combat with prejudices already formed, and opinions too deeply seated to be easily directed into another channel. But Mr. Brooke, who appeared last night as the hero of Knowles's tragedy, provoked comparison, for such a palpable imitation of a groat master was never seen. It was an outline upon tracing paper of a beautiful picture, suggesting some idea of the original, but wanting iho nature, the vividness, and reality which should Second Dublin Enfjagement. 23 impart life to the whole. Mr. Urooke has several qualifications for an actor ; his voice is of a good quality, when too much is not exacted from it ; his appearance is in his favour ; and he has had sufficient experience to make him acquainted with what is generally designated the business of the stage, the knowledge of which, although it alone can never lead, may yet conduce to success. Why, then, lose his identity in wearing the mask of another ? The ancients had their shades, who servilely followed them to their feasts, content to take share of what was given them, without much regard to reputation. But is that a reason why a performer upon the mimic stage should endeavour to obtain the sweets of popular applause upon grounds apart from his own intrinsic merit ? We would not have spoken thus of Mr. Brooke did we not conceive that he has merit, and perhaps in some other character, less linked with powerful associations, he may prove deserving of higher praise. It is but justice to remark that he was greatly applauded by the audience." Brooke's Ion, on the following Saturday, pleased the knights of the quill somewhat better ; but although he remained until the 6th of November, and played Hamlet, Young Norval, and Julian St. Pierre to crowded houses, the critical thermometer never rose to summer-heat. On the 13th following we find him commencing a fortnight's engagement at Sheffield, where he quite exhausted his repertory, besides appearing in several new parts — Shylock, Sir Edward Mortimer, Jaffier, and Octavian in The Mountaineers, among the number. Here, too, he gave one of his earliest performances of Eomeo — then and for some time afterwards a very fine impersonation ; but one he was injudicious enough to repeat in later years, when his style and figure had grown utterly unsuited to the character. During Brooke's sojourn at Sheffield he had as coadjutors Messrs. Brown, King, and Gibson, the celebrated Adelphi panto- mimists, who figured prominently in the pantomime of Harlequin Marjertj Daw, which usually brought the evening's entertainment to a close. Judging by the frequency with which this worthy trio appeared as Second Actor, Bernardo and Francisco, a}id 24 Gustavus Vaughan Brooke. other parts in support of the tragedian, the resources of the local stock company were apparently of the slenderest. By the way, it is more than likely that in the !Mr. Coppin who played Osric and Montano, Brooke for the first time found himself associated with the gentleman whose fortunes were subsequently to become so prominently identified with his own in the colonies. An engagement in all respects noteworthy terminated on December 1, when Brooke took his benefit, playing the name- part in Henri/ V., and Fitz-James in The Lady of the Lake; or, the Knight of Snowdon. Nine nights previously he had performed lago, for the first time on any stage, to the Othello of Mude. In connection with this impersonation (by many of Brooke's admirers considered his best) Mr. Coleman, in relating an unhappy incident which occurred in the year 1864, tells us, strangely enough, that "he had never mastered the words of lago textually, and was always afraid of being caught tripping with the text." Apart from the fact that from this time onwards Brooke was frequently seen in the part, and even played it at Drury Lane in 1853 — when his easy nonchalance and conversational flippancy aroused the bile of the critics — there is evidently considerable truth in ]\Ir. Coleman's statement. Nature, in a prodigal mood, had nobly dowered him, and, as if jealous of the encroachments of art, had scattered gifts which eventually proved more of a curse than a blessing. Student in the sense that John Kemble was student he never could be. His genial, sunny, happy-go-lucky nature mihtated against this ; and the barrier was rendered complete by a quickness of study and a retentiveness of memory well-nigh unparalleled. Mr. Morris, in the little book already referred to, relates that during Brooke's engagement in Glasgow in 1844, a gentleman, aware of his " peculiarly retentive memory, offered him one hundred guineas if lie would undertake to read and repeat, on the same evening, the 'Glasgow Herald' published that morning. He wrote to ask my opinion, teUing mo tliat ho was confident of success; but. as 1 advised hnn strongly against making the attempt, the matter went no fartlier." Playing in Belfast. 25 The late Mr. Tom Chambers, treasurer of the Theatre Royal, Mancliester, used to relate how Brooke studied Richard III. from a penny copy and learnt the part with all the erroi's and misprints. But there is great reason to doubt the story, because, in the first place, the tragedy had become part and parcel of Brooke's repertory long before he met the narrator. Moreover, the source was a jaundiced one, as Chambers had conceived a dislike to Brooke, and once spoke disrespectfully of him in public. On somewhat better authority, however, is it related that poor Gus. was at one time prone to make nonsense of Othello's speech — " Oh ! the curse of marriage, that we can call these delicate creatures ours and not their appetites," by substituting the word innocent in place of " delicate." On Tuesday, January 23, 1888, Brooke made his first ai)pearancc in Belfast — a city where he rapidly became the spoiled child of the play-going fraternity, and where his memory is still affectionately cherished. Commenting on his impersonation of Ion in Talfourd's tragedy, the Belfast News- Letter (which at that time seldom noticed the theatre) said:— "To personate the hero of the play with proper efl'ect requires a highly cultivated taste, great professional experience, and a youthful and interesting appearance — all of which Mr. Brooke possesses ; nor have we ever seen a character more felicitously embodied. The audience seemed fully aware of the treat i)rovided for them, and evinced it by their earnest attention and warm applause." After his appearance in three characters, the Northern Whii/ of January oO remarked — '* The performances of Mr. Gustavus Brooke, ue are glad to say, continue to attract large audiences ; and judging from the high praise bestowed on his acting by some of our contemporaries, and particularly by the Scottish press, his claims upon the patronage of the lovers of the drama are by no means mideserved. Mr. Brooke, though he has scarcely reached that period of life when either the judgment or the taste of the actor can be expected to be perfectly matured, may yet be regarded somewhat as a veteran in the theatrical ranks, having entered upon his career at an age when boys of less brilliant 26 Gastavus Vaughan Brooke. parts are usually sent to school. While, therefore, we are disposed to be lenient towards the faults of this young and rising actor, in candour we cannot ascribe them all to inexperience in his profession. We point out what we regard as his faults the more freely because we believe they are shared in common with actors of far higher pretensions. We allude to that constant aiming at effect by means of striking and picturesque attitudes, which is certainly better suited to the melodrama than to Shakespeare's heroes. This remark is particularly applicable to Mr. Brooke's representation of Othello on Tuesday evening, which in some respects possessed no ordinary merit. It was, however, marked throughout by a manner which betrayed the effect of study in every look and gesture, and a stage strut which would better befit the dignity of a burgomaster than that of the noble-minded Moor of Venice. With the exception of these defects, he manifests high capabilities as a tragedian; and in some of the more passionate scenes he displayed a power we have rarely seen surpassed. We were particularly pleased with his admirable delivery of Othello's apology." Two days later the same critic considers his voice "unquestionably fine; but he partakes too much of the spouter— or, if it pleases him better, the elocutionist ; and at times there is a want of nature in his tones, without which the finest declamation falls feebly on the heart." Little idea of his increasing popularity with each successive appearance can be gleaned from these critical notices. It is best evidenced, however, in an extension of the original engagement during which he appeared in several new parts. Of these the most noteworthy were, Selim in an Eastern romantic drama called The Bride of Abijdos ; Rosenberg in the melodrama of I'Ula Uosenbertj: Julio in 'The Foundlinq of Messina : Sir Thomas Clifford in 'J'/ic Hxinrhbdck : a)id Quasimodo in Fitzball's Esmeralda. Ill connection with the Northern Whiffs strictures on his general style of acting, there can be little doubt that his matchless voice — never afterwards so resonant and musical as at this period — led him in his early and more exuberant days to commit many elocutionary extravagances. Wrote "An Old His Elocutionary Vices. 27 Fasliioned Playgoer," in some pleasing reminiscences of the tragedian, whicli went the round of the press shortly after the loss of the London: — "A tolerable imitator of Brooke — and there are one or two of them on and off the stage — could recite several passages, notably the ' put out the light ' speech in Othello, in whicli his vocal antics were of the most startling kind. First a few words were delivered in that tone of melting emotion which lie made so effective ; then his delivery rose to a fanciful falsetto, like scarcely anything in nature, and lastly it fell to a depth entirely sui ijcneris and entirely unnatural. Ho, again, when as Sir Giles Over-reach he declared that he cared for nothing in heaven or hell, Mr. Brooke's gradual descent to unimagined depths of bass elocution was really not a whit more intelligent than the tom-H de force of a li(i>iS(> profondo in an opera. Contrast these examples with his later delivery of Othello's apology, and of the ' undone widow' speech in the New ICr/// to Fa;/ Old Debts, and you will understand that it is quite possible Brooke's voice, while establishing his fame, led him to play tricks with its foundations — the failure of his splendid organ synchronised, accidentally or otherwise, with a marked improvement of his latterly most perfect style." By an irony of circumstance most of the other features in his acting considered as blemishes by the Belfast critic, were among those which ultimately assisted in the establishment of his reputation. In other eyes the "stage strut " (than which nothing could have been more leonine and rhythmic) became the very poetry of motion. Most indubitably not a little of his success was due to the graceful facility with which he assumed a series of picturesque and utterly unstilted attitudes. So natural, indeed, was this posing to the actor, that one might have photographed him at any moment with the certainty of obtaining an admirable picture. Turning the faculty to most advantage in classical characters like Virgmius, Brutus, and Coriolanus, Brooke flashed upon the spectator a collocation of apparently unstudied attitudes, which, in the words of an 28 Gustavus Vaughan Brooke. admirer, " might have formed an extensive gallery of antique models." A critical stage had now been reached in the tragedian's career. His mother, who never cared much for the strolling life, and pined for the society of her other children, deemed it expedient, as soon as he had attained his majority, to leave him to his own resources. Brool^e did his best to repay all her loving kindness and attention by voluntarily resigning all claims upon her slender jointure : a generous action on his part, as it was doubtful whether the lady had the power of willing it. Inevitable and just as was Mrs. Brooke's proceeding, it was none the less regretable. It was Hazlitt who, in defending the bohemian habits of actors, once said, " A man of genius is not a machine," and then went on to argue that " the intellectual excitement inseparable from those professions which call forth all our sensibility to pleasure and pain, requires some corresponding physical excitement to support our failure, and not a little to allay the ferment of the spirits attendant on success." Actors worthy of their salt are, as a rule, men of strong impulses and strong passions ; possessing a keen sense of pleasure and full of the joy of living. Brooke was no exception to the number. The same frank, genial, good nature which earned for him the respect and friendship of all whom chance threw in his way rendered him an easy prey to the fascinations of convivality. To the proverbial improvidence of a calling whose followers, seeing no way to make money breed money, for the most part live only in the Present, he added a large-hearted charity, which never turned a deaf ear to the distressed. Hence the man that made thousands seldom had a coin in his pocket. Ilin future career sulYored somewhat, like- wise, from the excessive attention which his superb manliness won from the fair sex. The tallest of tragedians, standing about five feet ten inclics, his figure had now attained its ripeness and. tliougli stoutly built, was extremely graceful \\\ contour. With tho limbs and /7/.S Claude Mdnotta. 29 features of an Apollo, and the liea'l and shoulders of a liorcules, Brooke, as he strode the boards majestically in the 'forties, making the theatre resound with tiie music of his voice, must have presented a picture of manly beauty, tlie like of which has seldom been seen on the English stage. During a ten-nights' engagement at Sheffield, commencing October 29, 1838 (the manager being Mr. W. R. Copeland, afterwards of the Royal Amphitheatre, Liverpool), Brooke played a variety of parts, comprising Macbeth, Rolla, Shylock, Henry V., William Tell, and Ion. After acting three characters in The Ihide of Ahijdos, he took his benefit on November 9, when he aired his versatility by appearing as Rory O'More in the Irish comedy so-called. But the engagement was chiefly noteworthy for presenting him with an opportunity of making his first appearance as Claude Melnotte. The La(bj of LijonH was then, of course, quite a novelty, as it had only seen the light with Macready in the principal part at Covent Garden in the February previous. Referring to the production of the play on November 2, the Sheffield playbill of the following Monday said — " The Lady of Li/ons was received on Friday evening with the most unqualified approbation. The interest e.Kcited by its representation is unprecedented, and at the fall of the curtain the applause was prolonged till Mr. G. V. Brooke, who was loudly called for, made his appearance and acknowledged the flattering testimony of public approval. The Lady of Lyons will therefore be repeated to-morrow (Tuesday) evening." It was performed also on Brooke's benefit and last night of acting. , Everything tends to show that, at this time and for some years after, our hero was an ideal Claude Melnotte. London, however, never saw him at his best in the part. When he played it at the Olympic in 1850, his style had grown too saturnine for the wild boyish enthusiasm of the ambitious poet-lover. Mr. James Morris, presumably upon the authority of the tragedian, relates that " upon one occasion, when Brooke was performing in Portsmouth, I think, Tlie Ladij of Lyons appeared on the bills of the day, and the gifted author (now 30 Gustaviis Vaughan Brooke. Lord Lytton) being in tlie town, was desirous of seeing Claude Melnotte in new hands, saw the performance, and at its conclusion waited upon Brooke and paid him the compliment of declaring that he had not previously seen his ' Claude ' so well acted." As illustrative of the interest taken in his impersonation of this pinchbeck hero, we append some lines sent to Brooke about this period by a fair wooer of the muses. The tribute proved so flattering to the tragedian that he had a few copies struck off for private circulation. "TO G. v. BROOKE, AS CLAUDE MELNOTTE, IN 'THE LADY OF LYONS.' " Aye, well has Nature in her mood assigned Tastes to beguile life's fleeting hours away By feats of body or by charms of mind, With flowers of fancy thus to strew our way — From earth-born fumes to bid our spirits rise In passions pure as from our native skies. " While some in arts abstruse would guide the age, Keflne our manners, our enjoyments cloy. Deeming life's horoscope a darkened page. On which no brighter beam marks 'to enjoy.' Brooke ! it is thine to choose a fairer part, To guide the moral and to warm the heart. o^ " As some new star along the vault of heaven Bursts on the lonely gazer's pensive sight, Streaming his soul with rays of splendour given From its own essence — such thou seem'st to-night ; But vain to trace each passion ray by ray Like morn's young beauties stealing into day. " Yes, I beheld thee, as the gard'ner's boy, Pour tliy first oflering at the shrine of love To lier, the idol of his youth — his spirit's joy — Nigh deemed by him a seraph from above ; Then, in eacii scene of feeling, falsehood, fame, Still, Brooke I thy eloquence was still the same. " The favoured .--uitur, tlii; lietrayer's wiles, Tlie husbanil's agony, as he standi estranged From all that lie so loves, the very smiles Of Heaven, anrooke's cronies as "The Old Man of the Sea"), made liis Avay southward to Manchester, appearing for the first time at the old Queen's Theatre in Spring Gardens on July 8. The Theatre Royal had been burnt down in the May previous. After starring at the Queen's in a round of stock characters, Brooke left there for Liverpool about the middle of August, having contracted to manage the Theatre Royal, Church Street (late Liver Theatre), in that city, for Mr. Malone Raymond, the lessee. At least, the bills of the period are headed, " Under tlie management of j\Ir. G. V. Brooke." His slay there, however, was short. On Friday, September 6, we find him playing Richard Shelly, the poacher, in Fitzball's domestic drama in two acts, Tlic. Momentous Question, for Mr. and Mrs. Malone Raymond's benefit ; Miss Duret being the Rachel Ryland. By the 23rd following he had returned to the Manchester Queen's, where, during the month of November he played seconds to Yandenhoff for a considerable number of nights, appearing as lago, Macduff, etc., etc. After fulfilling a similar oflice during Fanny Cooper's visit, he look a benefit, December 10, when Lni was in the bill. Beyond appearing as 48 Gustavus Vaughan Brooke, King James in Cramnnd Br'nj, nothing of note occurred until January 30, 1845, when he gave a fine impersonation of Sir Giles Over-reach. So successful, indeed, was his first appearance as Marc Antony in Julius C(TM(r on February 3, that the play was repeated four nights after, with George Preston as the Brutus and T. H. Lacy as Cassius. Considered equal to the Brutus of Yandenhofi', Brooke's superb Marc Antony is still well remembered by old Manchester playgoers. Subsequently, he appeared thrice as Martin Lessamore in Pedlar's Acre; or, The Wife of Seven Husbands, and took a second benefit on Wednesday, February 27, when he played the name-part in the tragedy of Bertram. Brooke's patience was now to undergo a severe trial. His old enemy, Macready, had been engaged to appear at the Queen's Theatre in March, when all the second parts, in the natural order of things, would fall to Gustavus. A hoary tradition exists in Manchester to the effect that Brooke at this period had ample revenge for all the indignities thrust upon him by the eminent tragedian. The story goes that Brooke, happening to be cast as Othello to Macready's lago, by a supreme effort put forth all the power and pathos at his command, creating such an effect upon the audience that his Moor-ship's ancient was well-nigh overwhelmed. Without any undue desire to dispel such cherished illusions, it is necessary to point out that, however feasible the story, it is not borne out by any evidence at command. Beside this engagement, Brooke supported Macready at the Theatre Royal, Manchester, in April, 1847, and so far from endeavouring to tower over his adversary, appears to have shown his contempt for the star by, for the most part, " walking through " his characters. In connection with this it is noteworthy that T/ir Star of February 24, IHOO, contained an interview with Mr. Bruton Robins, an old actor then at Drury Lane, from which we take the following:^" During one of the season's excursions, Macready went to Manchester to star. (1. V. Brooke was leading man at the time. A suit for breach of engagement had been entered against him. 'I'ho play was Wcrnrr, I'rooke the Ulric. At the end of the piece Macready sent a request to Brooke to favour him Afacread//. 49 with his presence in his di-cssing-room. Brooke was rather surprised, but comphcd. After the usual ceremonies, Macready thus addressed him : — ' I deeply regret, Mr. Brooke, that any misunderstanding should have occurred between us, and shall take immediate steps to stay all further litigation. You have delighted me beyond expression by your masterly impersonation of Ulric to-night. A bright future is in store for you. Persevere in your studies, and you will be, or my judgment errs, a great actor,' " Appealed to for his authority in this matter, Mr. Robins (who had played lago to Brooke's Othello at Brighton in 1850) replied — "My informant was Mr. Cowper,* a leading member of the company at the time. Of course no third person would be present at such an interview, and only Mr. Brooke himself could have been Cowper's informant. When an eminent tragedian like Macready sends his messenger to an actor the members of the company are anxiously waiting to know the result of such an interview. Mr. Brooke was always an open-hearted good fellow amongst his brother actors, and, being so, made no secret of what transpired." Mr. Robins' informant, we are afraid, got the story at second-hand, and garbled it in the telling. On the night he played Werner, during his first engagement in Manchester, Macready ilid send for Ulric, but witli far different motives to those imputed to him. He had evidently felt greatly annoyed at the careless manner in which the actor had played his part, and under date March 27, 1845, enters in his diary : — "Acted Werner very fairly. Called for (trash!). Spoke in gentle rebuke and kind expostulation to Mr. G. V. Brooke." Lest it should be argued that the real occasion referred to by Mr. Cowper was the ]\'cr)tcr night of the second engagement (April 28, 1847), we may point out that the Manchester GuanUan, so far from waxing enthusiastic over Brooke's Ulric, merely remarks that he was "effective, but not letter-perfect." -'■ Cowper does not appear to have heen prominently associated (if fit all) with any of the Manchester Theatres until LSoli, when he was leading man at the Koyal. £ 50 Gustavus Vaiighan Brooke. With the termiuation of Macready's first engagement, Brooke appears to have resumed his wonted vigour. On Thursday, April 17, he phiyed Don Caesar for the first time, and on the 23rd appeared as Orlando to the Jaques of Vandenhoff and the Eosalind of his daughter. On May 24 we find him impersonating ^Yallack■s great part of Martin Hey wood in The Ucnt Bay — a character which he afterwards sustained with credit in America and the Colonies. Two nights later, an elaborate production of Mun/iirct CatrhpaJi' took place ; this, with Brooke as Will Laud, held its place in the bills intermittently for several weeks. With the beginning of the autumn season, the Queen's Theatre had a formidable rival in the New Theatre Eoyal, which had just opened its doors with a great flourish of trumpets. It was a busy, eventful tune for Brooke, but he bore his responsibility with an easy grace characteristic of the man. After repeating his admired impersonation of Marc Antony early in September (to the Brutus of Mr. James Anderson) he had the felicity of supporting Charlotte Cushman during her brief visit of six nights, when he appeared as Fazio (twice), Macbeth, Julian St. Pierre, The Stranger, and Duke Aranza. Among all the actors who visited Manchester at this time, or played in the local stock companies there was none who could approach Brooke in melody, power and range of voice. Indeed it is doubtful whether lie has ever been excelled in this respect save in the one noteworthy instance of Salvini. Notwithstanduig all the good feeling evinced towards Brooke by his comrades-at-arms, a tinge of malice evidently entered into the raillery with whicli they plied him about the end of September. " Brooke, my boy," one would say, " look out ; Forrest is coming." Then another would chime in with, "Yes, it's rather a shabby trick of liis drowning the voice of everyone he comes across." " How can he lielp it ? " says a third. "His lungs are simply frightful." To all of which Brooke would significantly make reply, " If he tries it with me I'll teach him a lesson." In due course the great American tragedian came to fulfil his engagement at the Queen's, and met Edwin Forrest. 51 with a good reception. For several nights he acted with moderation, Brooke playing Phasarius to his Spartacus in The Gladiator, and other parts of a similar calibre. On Wednesday, October 1, just as the minor fry were beginning to think all tlieir trouble had gone for nothing, Olliello was put up, with Forrest as the Moor and Brooke as lago. If there was one part more than another in which the American actor let himself loose it was this. Consequently in the great scene in the third act where Othello seizes upon his ancient, Forrest put forth all the lung power at his command. With the gibes of his associates rankling in his mind, Brooke's combative instincts were at once aroused. No sooner had Forrest finished than Brooke came out with his speech, "Oh Grace! oh Heaven, defend me!" in a tone of thunder, which as it reverberated through the building at once dwarfed his colleague's delivery by the contrast. No one in the heat of the moment noticed the absurdity of the proceeding. Both behind and in front astonishment reigned supreme. Forrest himself stood perfectly stupefied. For the first time in his eventful career he had met with a man whose voice excelled his own in volume and strength. Brooke, on reflection, seems to have repented his action, and by his friendly attitude towards the visitor apparently did his best to palliate the oftencc. Forrest, on the other hand, little mortified at the scene, met his advances half-way, with the result that they became firm friends. Each had a grudge against Macready, and the feeling united them in a common bond of sympathy. On October 7 Brooke appealed to his friends as Huon in Lore. Four nights after, Sloan, the lessee, took his benefit, and delivered a farewell address in rhyme, in which, after allusion had been made to the principal actors who had recently visited the Queen's, the doggerel went on to say — "Had I space, others, botli 'stars' and 'stock,' might justly claim a nook, But in my stream of rhyme I must not forget a Brooke." The theatre then closed for extensive alterations, and reopened on ]\Ionday, March 2, 1846, with a seating capacity of about 52 Gusfavus Vauglian Brooke. . 2,300, the house when packed holding fully £127. Anything but comfortable or commodious in the old days, the Queen's even now, with all its vaunted improvements, was very badly ventilated. It is noteworthy that this house dated from the year 1775, and was in reality the first Manchester Theatre Royal. But it fell at one time into bad odour, from which, despite the efforts of subsequent managers, it never properly recovered. Meanwhile Mr. Sloan had for the most part done away with the old stock company, comprising the names of Messrs. Letchford, Melville, Hill, Fisher, Normanton, Bedford, Denial, Raymond, Watson, Mrs, Garthwaite, Mrs. Sloan, and Miss E. M. Dnret. With his re-opening, Brooke ranked as first tragedian ; Miss Angell as leadmg lady ; Mr. Lester (Lester Wallack) as genteel comedian ; Henry Bedford as low comedian ; and William Artaud as first old man. The Theatre Royal stock company, which in 1845-G had for leading actors Charles Dibdin Pitt and R. E. Graham (the latter of whom played Sir Giles Over-reach at the Marylebone in 1848 in opposition to Brooke at the Olympic), was, on the whole, considered immeasurably superior to that of the Queen's. But the best stars of the time, strange to say, preferred acting at the house in Spring Gardens. Hence Sloan was enabled to announce engagements for the forthcoming season with Macready, Charles Matthews, Forrest, Buckstone, Madame Vestris, and many others of equal note. Originally engaged merely for a few nights at the Queen's, Mr. Lester (since better known to fame as Lester Wallack, the celebrated American actor-manager) remained during the entire season, becoming, as he himself styles it, a sort of semi-star or asteroid. Afterwards he transferred his services to the Theatre Royal. Referring to the circumstance that, during his stay at the Queen's, Brooke and he shared the same dressing-room, Mr. Wallack says in his " i\Icmories of the Last Fifty Years" : — "Off tlie stage he liad a particularly strong brogue. He was a perfectly reckless iii;iii, wlio did not care how Ins money woit or what straits he niigliL bu in. Ho was an Irishman, one of the generous, kind-lioarlcd, wliole-souled Jolju-Jjrougham Irislnnen. During that engagement at Manchester we acted together. I would often go into my dressing-room and find that certain very necessary articles of my wardrobe were missing, and one night in particular I remember I was playing Modus in The Hunrhlxtck, while he was acting Master Walter, and Miss Faucit, Julia. I went into the room and found Brooke ready to go on. I had a costume I was particularly fond of, a chocolate-coloured, plain, quiet sort of a dress, and I missed the tights belonging to it. Brooke said, 'What is the matter, me dear boy?' I said, 'I cannot dress — I can"t find my tights.' ' Why,' said he, ' I took the liberty to take your tights myself, they are on me. I couldn't find my own.' Fortunately, I did not go on until the second act, and by that time the whole theatre had been ransacked, and I got somebody's nether garments, and he carried tlirough the performance with ' Lester's tights.' It was characteristic of Brooke that he would have been quite as willing that I should Lave taken his and have gone on himself without any. He was one of those reckless, generous creatures, who would give anything he had in the world to me, or to anybody else he liked." Owing to the sense of discomfort produced by an overcrowded audience in an ill-ventilated theatre, the critics on the opening night were rendered grumpy enough to speak disrespectfully of the equator. Next day they found fault with everything from the scenery, which was condemned as " deficient in drawing, in perspective, and in colouring," to the actors, whose lavish gagging had certainly given cause for offence. " A lively but somewhat free minor theatre of the Adelphi pattern " was the general verdict. Beyond his great hit as Connor O'Kennedy in T/n> Green Bushes, and the reception accorded to his Romeo when placed in juxtaposition with the Mercutio of Henry Farren, little of note, so far as Brooke was concerned, took place during the season. In it, however (as hinted by Lester Wallack), he appears to have acted a round of characters in support of the divine Helen Faucit, noteworthy among which may be mentioned his Mordaunt in The Patrician s Daughter of Westland Marston. This was the 54 Gustavus Vaughan Brooke. lady's first meeting with the actor with whom she was afterwards to be frequently associated on the stage. The impression left on Miss Faucit's mind by Brooke's acting was so favourable that she at once engaged him to support her in the lead during her forthcoming tour in Ireland. There was little difficulty in arranging this as things had been going badly with poor Sloan, who was eventually declared bankrupt in the February of 1847. Before proceeding to Ireland, however, Brooke paid a visit to Sheffield to lend prominent support to Edwin Forrest, with whom he was on the best of terms. Some idea of the relations of the two leather-lunged tragedians may be gleaned from the following unpublished letter now in my possession : — 24 U'Olier [Dublin], April 20 [irowne the comedian, and the trio adjourned for refreshment to the Alton House. " Oiu- principal topic of conversation," writes Mr. Coleman, " was the arrest of Brooke as he was going on the stage that niglit. It was his benefit, and the manager had been obliged to get him out of durance to enable him to keep faith with the public. While we were discussing the incident a row was heard outside, and a handsome young fellow entered the room, in animated altercation with a cab-man about his fare. The stranger, who spoke with a delicious Dublin brogue, w^as fair-complexioned, with an oval face, fair hair, and blue eyes.f He stood about five feet ten or higher, was broad chested, straight as a dart, and apparently was about five-and- twenty or thirty years of age. His dress was peculiar to eccentricity. He wore a drab cloth overcoat with a cape, a large blue silk muffler was twisted carelessly round his neck, and a white hat was perched on one side of his head. Although I had never seen hira in my life I felt instinctively this must be Brooke. I was not left long in doubt upon the subject, for wlien he came to our end of the room Sullivan introduced us to each other, and a delightful time we had of it till we broke up about two in the morning." While sharing the lead together at the Royal, Sullivan and Brooke were the best of friends. " It was in our joint dressing- room," said Barry Sullivan once to an interviewer, " that Brooke made his engagement witli Captain Spicer to appear at the Olympic. He consulted me all through, showed me the letters, and asked my advice." Captious and hypercritical as Avere the Manchester scribes at this period, there can be little doubt that the severe and not * See " A Lost Tragedian," in Lomjman's Magazine, March, 1885. tTlie lack of expiesfcion in IJrooke's eyes (previou-sly spoken of) aiipeais to have arisen as much as anything from their indeterminate colour. His only surviving sister says they were "dark grey." 7i Gustavus Vaughan Brooke. altogether undeserved strictures passed from time to time on Brooke's acting were not without their influence upon the tragedian when he elected to hazard his fortunes in London. Nothing, if not consistent in their attitude, and unconsciously jibing at their own power, the local critics were quite overcome with wonder at the result of the venture. " The leading journals," says the Mauvhcstey Times of January 8, 1848— "the leading journals are unanimous in their praise of his person, style, and manner, giving him, indeed, more credit for genius than we should feel disposed to allow." |[praJ rnj rriJra r^ !!^^ fgj fgJ ra raJ rn j pEi rg TrglMJ? i I ^.^ wm CHAPTER V. 1848-1849. Uu the Eve of a Tryinj? Event — Brooke's debut at the Ulyinpic — A Capricious Audience Triumphantly Overcome — Hailed by the Press as Edmund Kean's Successor — Brooke and Salvini contrasted — Disappointing liesult of the Olympic Engagement — Brooke Kefuses Benjamin Webster's ^lunificent Oder— IJeturns to the Provinces — Influence of his Acting on the Edinburgh Students — Richard the Third's Wig; a Saddening S])ectacle— Brooke's ^'ocal Organ becomes Imi)aired — "Shallows and Miseries" of Provincial Strolling— A Startling Series of Coincidences— Brooke's "Lines on the Death of Elton" — Readings from Shakespeare— Letters to ^lorris — How the Money Went. AFTER biding his time with a patience that did him credit, . Brooke had, all unconsciously," hit upon a very opportune moment for making bis appearance in London. Everyone felt instinctively, in 18-18, that Macready was fast approaching the period of his retirement ; but popular acclamation had not as yet decided upon his successor in the tragic throne. Inclined for the most part to declare their allegiance to old faiths, playgoers had well-nigh despaired of once more beholding an unflinching exponent of the grand conventions of classic tragedy, when Gustavus Brooke burst upon the town. Possessing attributes of voice, gesture, and physique, entirely in consonance with the best-remembered traditions of the " palmy days,"' it is little to be wondered at that the new comer met with instantaneous success. But, alas ! the event that looked like marking an epoch in the English drama proved a mere impermanent eddy on the current 76 ■ Gustavus Vauglian Brooke. of theatrical affairs. All too soon poor Brooke tested to the full the truth of the Master's lines : — "There is a tide in the afTairs of Men, Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune ; Omitted, all the voyage of their life Is bound in shallows and in miseries." But ^ve question if, with a happier issue, things would have turned out better in the end. Capable as he was by natural endowment of seating himself in the tragic throne, Brooke had none of the qualities which go to make the successful actor- manager. Unfortunate as Avas his after-career, it would have been still more unfortunate had advancing years found him at the head of a metropolitan theatre when the pre-Raphaelite spirit extended its influence to the drama, and, in smothering Shakespeare in archaeological detail, demanded of the stage director something of the attributes of the pictorial artist and the antiquary. Not the least prominent among the few persons living who made Brooke's acquaintance in London immediately prior to his memorable appearance at the Olympic is Mr. W. C. Day (the well-known amateur actor and theatrical collector), who tenders us the following appropriate reminiscences :—" My acquaintance with him was slight," writes Mr. Day. " A Mr. Calverley conducted the band generally engaged by an Amateur Dramatic Club to which I belonged, and hence our companionship. Calverley— an Irishman — was a bosom friend of Brooke, and led the orchestra on the Monday night of the latter's debut as Othello. Brooke's name appeared in large posters on all the hoardings of the town, and of course I, as leading tragedian of my club, courted an introduction to the great man. This was given me on Sunday afternoon, January 2, 1848, at a tavern opposite Somerset House, in the Strand (either the ' Coach and Horses ' or ' Edinboro' Castle ' — 1 am not clear which), where the two friends had been dining ni'lcr the final rehearsal of the tragedy on the OlyUipic stage in the morning. Both were 'pretty fresh' at the time I entered ihe house, and before leaving it all three were, to put it truthfully, perfectly 'fuu.' We walked from the First Ohjmpir Enga(jement, i i Strand over Blackfriars' Bridge to Calvcrley's lodgings — a tiu-ning out of Stamford Street — where we caroused till far into the small hours of the actor's di'hut. Of the conversation I remember little more than that Brooke, in a strong Irish brogue, protested Macready would find a doughty rival in him on the morrow ; and so impressed Avas I through the potations imbibed, and the pride of a tHe-a-tcte with such a celebrity, that the pit of the Olympic on the Monday night contained no more zealous partisan of the Moor of Venice (when my judgment approved the scene) tliau myself. His reception was enthusiastic and the applause uproarious. The play over, I repaired with a party of young companions to Jackson's, then a noted a-ht-nunh' beef supper- house in Blackmoor Street, Drury Lane, where the new tragedian's merits and demerits were freely discussed." Followed by Horace Mayhew's comic pantomime of Harlequin ami the British Lion (then running at the theatre by way of afterpiece), Othello was produced at the Olympic on Monday, January 3, when Brooke made his first appearance in London, as an adult, in the name-part. The support was fair, and comprised Mr. Stuart as lago, Mr. Henry Holl as Cassio, Mrs. Brougham as Emilia, and Miss Stuart (whose recent performance of Julia in 2%' Hunchback had been eminently successful) as Desdemona. Fame had blown so loud a blast on her trumpet concerning the merits of the new tragedian, that a large and very distinguished audience, numbering most of the celebrities of the hour, had assembled within the walls of the old theatre. Latter-day accounts of this memorable evening are for the most part conflicting ; but it would appear that not until the third act had been reached did Brooke's success become assured. Mr. Coleman's version* (related on the authority of Mr. "Walter Lacy, an eye-witness, but nevertheless on some points slightly inaccurate), proceeds to * Alhisions to INIr. Coleman throughout are to be taken as referring to his article on I'looke in Long/nun's Magazine : tlie greater p.art of wliich was afterwards republished in that gentleman's " I'layers and Playwrights I have Met." 78 Gustavus Vaughan Brooke. show how the house was bad, and the audience so unsympathetic or antagonistic that tlie debutant made no headway until the second act. At this juncture the ice was broken by a hicky incident which we shall permit Mr. Coleman to treat in his own words : — " The newspapers of the day," he says, " teemed with accounts of the gallantry of the Emir of Algeria, Abd'l Kader ; more particularly of an exploit in which he had rescued a number of women and children from being roasted alive, by riding through his blazing camp, sabre in hand, cutting the tent ropes, and carrying away the poor creatiu-es clinging to his saddle bow. "In the quarrel scene, as Othello came rushing down between the combatants, exclaiming, ' Hold ! for your lives !' as his scimitar swept through the air it collided with their swords, making a fiery circle in its flight. The picturesque grandeur of the action and the magnificence of the por,e so struck a fellow in the gallery that he roared out, ' Abd'l Kader, by G — !' This exclamation touched the keynote of sympathy : the house rose at it, the pit sprang to its feet, the boxes swelled the general chorus of applause, and from that moment the success of the actor was assured." From earlier accounts of that memorable evening it would appear that after the bold, majestic figure of the Moor had been hailed at the outset with a lusty shout of approbation, quietness, the quietness of disappointed expectation, settled down like a pall over the house. Possibly that obnoxious element known to later times as " organised opposition" was present in considerable force; at any rate there was a gradually increasing inattention, coupled with conversation so loud as to interfere with the harmony of the performance. Such conduct was certainly not in accordance with the usual spirit of fair play. Jii tlie biographical notice in Tallis's DrdiiKiilr Mitiid-.iiif (18.51) it is pointed out that tliis distracting liubbub continued until tlie beginning of tlic great scene in the third act, when the uproar in the gallery grew so intolerable that Mr. Perkins, the stage manager, came forward and complained Victor }j ! 79 that they were not permitting Mr. Brooke to do justice to himself, and were acting without their customary generosity. Strange to say, the house took this well-merited rebuke in good part and set up a loud cheer to re-assure the insulted actor. Meanwhile poor Brooke had retired to a couch at the back of the stage and there sat him down, miserable and dejected, with a look of mute appeal in his eyes, which, despite his black visage, went straight to the hearts of the audience. After another encouraging round of applause, Brooke and Stuart proceeded with the scene amid the most respectful attention. Some corroboration is afforded us of this statement by the Miiinituj Pi)st of the following day, which points out that as Othello's suspicions of the fidelity of Desdemona gained strength " the acting was distinguished by a mental power that was extraordinary ; and then the abounding trustfulness and the casting forth all doubts of her truth, seemed for the instant to quell the power of the tempter. The battling with the growing doubts, and the determination to believe no evil of the loved object were marvellously delineated." At the termination of Othello's speech, commencing — " Think'st thou I'd make a life of jealousj'^, To follow still the changes of the moon With fresh suspicion ? " the audience, which at first had been so cold and froward, rose as one man, waving hats and handkerchiefs, and cheering so lustily as to startle the passers-by in the street. From that moment success was assured. Invigorated by this remarkable change of face, Brooke renewed his energies and played with a sublimity of passion that evoked round after round of applause, until the conclusion of the scene. " At the end of the third act," says Dr. Westland Marston in the chapter on Brooke in his scholarly work, "Our Recent Actors" — "at the end of the third act the house was in a fever of delight. The acclamations which recalled the actor subsided only into a restless murmur of applause. Knots of impromptu critics gathered together in boxes and lobby. In the pit looks and gestures and a hum of delight 80 Giistavus Vaughan Brooke. expressed the general verdict ; and outside the theatre a crowd, attracted by the rumour of the effect produced, recalled the account given of the scene outside Drury Lane on Edmund Kean's first appearance." Acting with undiminished vigour to the end, Brooke never loosened his hold upon the audience, keeping them in a fervour of enthusiasm, the like of which had not been paralleled within recent memory, save on the occasion of Mrs. Nisbett's return to the Haymarket. Next day the critics, with one noteworthy excejition, joined in singing the praises of the new actor. The dissentient was John Forster, of Tlic Examiner, whose violent partisanship of Macready was patent in theatrical circles. To the abuse showered upon Edwin Forrest's head by this eminent writer must be attributed those regretable scenes of bloodshed and disorder which followed in America, and left such a blot on international amity. Let us hearken, however, to one or two of the most powerful voices in the chorus. Said TIic Times : — " It is long since a theatre has presented such an appearance of excitement as that of the Olympic last night. Mr. Gustavus Brooke had been announced to make his London debut in the character of Othello, and enough had been said of his provmcial celebrity to justify general expectation. The house was crowded ; but the mere statement of this fact is not suflicient to convey a notion of the peculiar aspect. There is a great difference in the people who make up crowds ; and the audience who were assembled to see Mr. Brooke were just those persons who could be picked out by an luihitue as likely to interest themselves in theatrical affairs — in a word, the connoisseurs of the metropolis. " Mr. Brooke's first entrance created an impression in his favour. He has a tall, commanding figure, and a face evidently liandsomc, in spite of the disfigurement of the dark luio, which gives somewhat of grace to every marked movement of Othello's countenance. His voice is of excellent quality — deep and sonorous, and this quality is never lost, however strong the utterance of passion. What ''The Times'' said. 81 " The first two acts rather gave the notion of an eloquent declaimer than of a man of fire and passion. The reading was excellent, the voice well modulated, the emphasis carefully adjusted. An air of commanding dignity was spread over all this early portion of the performance, and the only fear was that the whole would prove too quiet and measured, and at last seem monotonous. A well-conceived display of indignation at the brawl in which Cassio is involved led to a contrary supposition ; but still the third act was anxiously expected as a test. " Through this great ordeal of the third act — of the dialogue with lago — Mr. Brooke passed most triumphantly. Here he showed that he was a man, not only of form, but of substance. His bursts of jealous passion came down with terrific weight, and whether he soared on the wings of rage, or sank exhausted beneath its force, all was fresh, energetic, and genial. There was nothing in his points to suggest a reminiscence of other actors. Indeed, in the ordinary sense of the word, he can hardly be said to have made a ' point ' at all, of such a continuous, sustained character was his acting. And be it remarked, that the correct- ness and sound judgment which were visible in his earlier speeches did not forsake him when he abandoned himself to the more violent outbursts of passion. As he preserved his voice, so likewise did he preserve his head, however great the storm of emotion. " But if we would mark the most striking features of Mr. Brooke's representation of Othello, we would indicate those passages in which the undercurrent of grief is forced up into the midst of jealous rage. Lines, and parts of lines, whicli he delivered were in this respect exquisitely touching, and evidently resulted from original conception. The exclamation, ' Damn her, lewd minx; oh, damn her,' when he gave an expression of sorrow to the repetition of the curse, is a remarkable case in point. Indeed, all the mournful side of Othello's position he had conceived with great delicacy. The break of the voice into weeping at the words, ' Othello's occupation's gone,' and, above all, the deep anguish when he said, 'Fool, fool, fool,' after the 82 Gustavus Vaughan Brooke. discovery of tlie villainy that liad been practised upon liim, were touches of the deepest pathos. " There is no mistake about the success of Mr. Brooke. It was not only a success marked by plaudits, but by the conversation of the old theatrical loungers. He was called with enthusiasm, and has excited an interest which will not speedily subside." " With the single exception of Edmund Kean," remarked the Morning Post, " we have seen no such Othello. There is the same fierce energy — the same melting tenderness — the same lightning glance. There are no mannerisms, no traditional readings, no copying of the styles of this or that celebrated actor : the Moor of Venice is placed before us in his true dignity, his love, his doubts, and agony. As each passion is evolved, we are swayed hither and thither at the will of the actor, and are only awakened from the cunning of the scene by the loud bravos of the audience. The ruling excellency of Mr. Gustavus Brooke's acting consists in its manliness and truthfulness, combined with an amount of physical power equal to the sustaining the largest demands of the heroical drama. Every passage of the play has been studied with a full appreciation of its moral truth and poetical beauty. No one phasis of the character was rendered unduly prominent ; the dignity of the noble IMoor, the commander of the Venetian forces, was never for an instant forgotten. The famous speech to the Senate was enunciated with admirable effect, and the turning from the Duke to Brabantio at the words ' Her father loved me, oft invited me,' was admirably conceived." Agreeing in the main with the opinion expressed by The Times critic. Dr. Westland j\Iarston, in his admirable analysis of Brooke's first performance, points out that while his delivery of the line — "O fool ! fool ! fool !" was in accordance with the traditions of the elder Kean, the rendering was so far in harmony with the entire conception of the character that no suspicion of copying could bo entertained. " The word fool," writes Dr. Marston, *' was pronounced in the Sahim's Othpllo. 83 first instance with blended amazement and remorse, in the second witli a musing, lingering sense of his own fatuity as lago's dupe, and in the third with the quiet hopelessness of one who feels the past irrevocable." To whicli the writer might have added, as pointed out by an appreciative Melbourne reviewer, tliat Brooke uttered the first letter of the word, in its third repetition, Avith a quiver of the lip peculiar to himself, that eeemed to accentuate the sob in his voice. It is noteworthy, likewise, tliat although Dr. Marston saw Brooke's Othello on several subsequent occasions, he never knew it to approach the excellence of the first night, when the apathetic indifference of the audience acted as a stimulant and brought out the tragedian at his best. Afterwards we are told his Othello, "while retaining its mechanical outline and its elocutionary force, had lost much of that reality which tlie spectator feels when passion dictates expression." While Mr. Coleman considers Brooke's Othello inferior only to the conception of Edwin Forrest, Salvini appears in critical opinion to bear away the palm. Not but the point has been hotly and very absurdly contested. Manchester playgoers were very much exercised in considering the matter when Salvini made his first appearance in their city. Even at that late day the Brookites — remnants of the "old guard" — were in strong force, and persisted in sending critical analyses to the papers, showing that remembrances of the stock favourite of '47 were still keen. "It can hardly be said," writes Westland ^larston, "that Brooke's Othello, even at its best, was equal to Salvini's. The former, for instance, could never have given us that grand piece of psychology which occurs in the third act, where Salvini, having trampled on lago, stands awhile mute and vacant, then, with a distressed and courteous air, raises the fallen man and leads him to a chair. What finer illustration could be given of the mental chaos that follows the Moor's fury ? For the moment Othello has forgotten his misery and his rage, and wonders at the sight of the prostrate tempter. 84 Gustavus Vaughan Brooke. " There was, nevertheless, one feature in Brooke's passion which made me prefer it to Salvini's. It had more of the irregularity and the sudden contrasts which denote extreme tension of feeling. If excitement ran ever so high it would at times be driven back, as advancing waves are sometimes by meeting a gale. There would be frequently a momentary lull, a false calm of irony, ere the tide again gathered and leaped on. With all its grandeur and force, Salvini's passion lacked, I thought, at times the contrast and the variety I have indicated. It was somewhat too measured and uniform — a sea that rolled on majestically and irresistibly, but that had no convulsion; it did not turn and eddy with the wind." Who shall decide ? Mr. Edmund Yates in his " Eeminiscences " gives the palm to Brooke, whose Othello, to his mind, had all the manliness, gallantry, and pathos of Salvini, without a suggestion of the repulsive violence that marred the Italian actor's rendering. Surely we have here the keynote to the radical difference betweeen the two great conceptions of the character, which are not legitimately comparable in an artistic sense, and indeed would never have been pitted against each other had not the superb physical endowments of the two actors begged a comparison. Brooke's Othello was the climax of the conventional Moor as rendered by a long line of illustrious tragedians, who had sought by a slow process of idealisation — keeping pace from time to time with the progress of refinement — to imbue the character with a romantic spirit, and thus to mitigate the barbaric frankness and rugged animalism of the tragedy. Untrammelled by tradition, Salvini arrived at the Othello of Shakespeare by resuscitating the mediasval Moor in all his elemental and brutal simplicity. With the single exception of Edwin Forrest, whose rendering of the character had something of Salvini's repugnant violence and sensuality, no other actor within living memory has dared to present the true and un-idealiscd Othello. The measure of tlie dilTerence between Salvini and Brooke is as the measure of the difference between His Sir Giles. 85 the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuries. It is purely a question of taste, and the modern stage seeks refinement in poetic drama, not reahstic brutahty. Beside the warm enthusiasm of press and public, Brooke at once received material recognition of his success in the raising of his salary. Mr. Coleman, on the authority of Captain Spicer (the real head of ali'airs at the Olympic, although a Mr. Davidson figured as nominal lessee on the bills), states that the original agreement was £10 a week, and that the terms were increased to £60 after the first performance. This would appear conclusive. But it is singular that in the biographical notice in Talliss MiKjuzinc (evidently inspired by its subject) the writer informs us that Brooke's original salary of £25 a week to play alternate nights was at once doubled. Brooke gave twenty-four successive representations of Othello at the Olympic (not thirty as has so frequently been stated), or twenty-seven in all, before the termination of his engagement on March 25. On January 31, he appeared as Sir Giles Over-reach, repeating the impersonation seven times successively, or eleven in all. The Times, strange to say, neglected to notice the performance, but the other papers were sufficiently enthusiastic to make up for the deficiency. The Sun considered that his acting " more than justified the most ardent hopes which had been formed by all admirers of the drama from his impersonation of Othello. No such actor has appeared on the boards since Edmund Keau ; and Mr. Brooke's performance of Sir Giles did not fall far short of that of Edmund Kean, in this his greatest character. The third act was a masterpiece of wheedling and villainy ; and in the scene with his daughter, the ' kiss close ' was given with immense effect. It is the closing scene of the play, however, which is Mr. Brooke's great triumph. Here we have a succession of violent contrasts, of bright light and dark shadows, and it was in setting oil" these contrasts — in bringing out these lights and shadows, that Mr. Brooke showed himself so admirable. The madness of the triumph of the scoundrel at the success of all his schemes for securing to his daughter 86 Gustavus Vaughan Brooke. the band of the popular Lord Lovell, and to himself the fortune of the Lady ADworth, was admirably given, and contrasted finely with the agony of despair at finding the deed securing to him the All worth property a mere blank, and the mad fury of rage with which he rushes at his daughter, changing suddenly into the paralysis of death, when he says, ' Some undone widow sits upon my arm and takes away its strength.' In this scene he was quite equal to Edmund Kean. Mr. G. V. Brooke is far and away the greatest actor of the day." "He is stated in the bills of the day," says the Morninij Adrcrtiscr, "as ' bemg universally acknowledged to be the greatest living tragedian,' and certainly if his representation of other characters be equal to his Sir Giles Over-reach of last night— if not the ' greatest Hving tragedian,' he is equal to any that now tread the stage. Nothing could be more exquisite than his conception of the wicked, ambitious villain who spared no exertions to accomplish his purpose, and laughed at all moral and religious obligations in the pursuit of it, and the manner in which he portrayed his feelings and passions proved him to be gifted with genius of the first order." It is necessary here to emphasize the good impression created by Brooke in his second part, because Mr. Coleman, with a guileless reliance iu club-room gossip, has seen fit to put into circulation a very different story. After pointing out that Brooke's youth and high spirits were now leading him headlong into the vortex of dissipation, Mr. Coleman continues: — "Sometimes he sought relief from these ignoble occupations in rowing and boating. One day he rowed up the river from Earl's Wharf Pier to Putney and back; a jovial dinner and skittles and other diversions followed; then it became necessary to 'put on a spurt' to get back in time for the performance. It u-as /lia jirst appcuruncc in tuicn as Sir Giles Over- reach ; there had been no Sir Giles iu London since Kean's day, and it was characteristic of the man that Brooke treated so fiery an ordeal so lightly. When he arrived at the theatre, it was long past the time of commencement; the audience (a densely crowded one) were already impatient ; it His I?icJiard the Tliird. 87 was three quarters of an liour late when the curtain rose, but the delay was condoned, and lie was received with unusual enthusiasm. He wore a new dress that niglit ; the heat was overpowering, and ho was in a lialli of perspiration, arising principally from the hasty pull down the river. At the end of the first act he desired his dresser to strip off his singlet ; the new canvas lining of the dress was damp ; a chill struck to his lungs ; by the time he reached his great scene in the fifth act he u'cis tutalbj inaxulHde, and his failure was as complete in Sir Giles as his triumph had been assured in Othello. Instead of resting and nursing himself, he tried to fight off his malady with drink ; but he got worse and worse, collapsed utterly, and left the theatre." It would be interesting to learn Mr. Coleman's authority for this extraordinary effort of the imagination ; likewise for the statement that when Brooke became the talk of the town " his admirers alleged that he was the greatest Othello since Kean, that he was also the beau-ideal of Romeo, Claude Melnotte, and Ion." It will be remarked that the three last-mentioned characters were not among those presented by the tragedian during his first Olympic engagement. The announcement of Brooke's appearance as Richard III. on Thursday, February 17, produced great excitement among the frequenters of the little Wych Street Theatre, and caused them to muster in such strong force as to crowd the very lobbies of the boxes shortly after the opening of the doors. " Mr. Brooke's performance," says The Times, evidently wakened up at last — " Mr. Brooke's performance excited the greatest enthusiasm, but still it is doubtful whether the parts that he has acted after Othello have been wisely chosen. Whatever may be said of the difficulties of Othello, it is a straightforward character throughout. For Sir Giles Over-reach new qualities were required, and though Mr. Brooke could throw much force into the fifth act he made comparatively little of the subtle usurer as displayed in the first four. Something similar may be said of the Richard, which is played after Colley Gibber's 88 Gustavus Vauglian Brooke. version. Mr. Brooke's best act was the last, in which the greatest physical energy is required, but there was a want of delicate discrimination in the earlier portions to give effect to all these little points of irony and sarcasm with which the character is studded. In physical qualities nature has been very liberal to Mr. Brooke. There is strength in his voice and form, and all that he does has certain weight. The combat could scarcely have been fought with a fiercer energy, and the convulsions of death were well rendered ; but Mr. Brooke should husband his force to a greater degree. By employing it too early he produces a monotony of effect, and destroys the variations of the character. In the first scenes his best passages were those of quiet declamation. In all where mere subtlety is required he seems to aim at greater violence. His Richard is a strong, earnest, vigorous, but not a sufficiently intellectual performance." After some half dozen representations of Rkhard III. the tragedy gave way on March 2 to Hmnh't, which appears only to have been performed four times in all. Eminently princely and natural as was the characterisation, Brooke's over-studious attention to his personal appearance gave the spectator rather the impression of the Apollo Belvidere neatly arrayed in black velvet than of the distraught Dane. After pointing out that Hamlet was the highest test of the actor's powers, both intellectually and physically, the Morning Post proceeds to say — " Greatly as we thought of his Othello, and genially as we hailed his advent on London boards, we confess that we were little prepared for so lofty a conception, so scholarlike an appreciation, so consistent and artist-hke development. Every point was carefully considered ; there was an utter absence of stage mechanism, and there were no tricks of voice to astonish the lovers of startling effects." The Murninij Advertiser considered that " with all Mr. Brooke's gifts and talent, there appeared in his delineation a leaning more on physical display for effect than on the less corporeal, hence more spiritual, evolvings of the nicer, the deeper, and the darker shades of character. Mr. Brooke's personation of His Hamlet. 89 the moody and pliilosopliic Prince of Denmark was anticipated with no ordinary interest. In all that could be acquired, even his opponents accorded him the vantage-ground — ' cunning of fence,' a feather in the cap of youth, a good voice, fine person, nice discrimination, and so forth ; tliese are great adjuncts in the personation of Uiiuilct, and Mr. Broolce possesses them all ; and in addition to them a tolerable idea of reading the author's text. It must, however, be admitted that the conception was in some degree imperfect ; it was wanting in unity and completeness ; portions of it exhibited much careful study and intellect, while others were less perfect and effective. With regard to originality, the personation is strongly marked with it throughout, for in no one scene does the actor for a moment forget himself by falling into the vice of imitation. This was especially the case in the reading of the play, as an instance of which we may mention the speech which occurs immediately after the interview with the Ghost, and when importuned by Horatio and Marcellus as to the import of his converse with the spirit, he takes the former aside, as if to inform him, and finding that the latter is about to follow, he turns upon him sharply and exclaims — '"For your desire to know what is between us, O'ermaster it as you may.' " This is usually addressed to both parties, but Mr. Brooke's understanding of the lines appears to be more in consonance with the aftei* parts of the play, and accords better with the spirit of friendship which is supposed to exist between the Prince and Horatio. Again, the advice to the actor was given seated, not in an overbearing manner, but gentle and persuasive, each word having its full weight, and the whole apparently coming from one who had been offended to the soul by the strutting and bellowing of the players he had seen. The soliloquies were uttered in an impressive and scholar-like manner, but in the more impassioned scenes there was an absence of depth and feeling, although they were energetic. The applause bestowed upon Mr. Brooke was of a most flattering nature, sometimes 90 Gustavus Vaugliari Brooke. inconveniently so to the actor, for several passages were entirely lost by that means." On March 13 Brooke played Shy lock for the first and only time, and two nights after gave a sound characterisation of Master Walter. The engagement terminated on Thursday, March 23, with Mr;/iniits, in which Brooke approached perilously close to the excellence of Macready, though in a widely different manner. The former actor's was the more severely classic rendering ; the latter's the more poetically-realistic. During his off-nights at the Olympic (when Miss Glyn and others enjoyed a measure of popularity) Brooke occasionally performed elsewhere. Thus, supported by Marie Duret and the once celebrated Cobham, he played Othello at Brighton on February 16 to an audience representing some £110. After the conclusion of his Olympic engagement he made several one-night appearances here, always in association with Marie Duret. Londou-super-Mare saw his Master Walter on April 28 ; his Hamlet on May 3 ; and early in August he fulfilled an engagement there of six nights' duration. Meanwhile his Olyiiipic engagement had not created the sensation to be augured from his first-night reception. After defeating an audience whose callous indifference aroused all the combativeness in his Irish blood, he seems to have relapsed somewhat into the old happy-go-lucky methods so searchingly dealt with by the Manchester critics. There can be little doubt that the man whose portrait was in every shop window — whose name was on every playgoer's tongue — lost his head over the success to which he had looked forward so patiently during many weary years. It soon became apparent that the glamour which had thrown its terrible spells over George Frederick Cooke and Edmund Kean had claimed another victim in the new star, clouding his genius and rendenng his future painfully uncertain. Beloved by all witli whom ho came in contact, as warm in his attachments as he was modest in forming them, Brooke never extended to himself the same fraternal solicitude he meted out to others. Alas! "No man's enemy but First Orvjinal Character. 91 his own," has oftentimes the direst and most unrelenting of foes to contend against. What excessive porter drinking began, the ravages of bronchitis ended. The matchless chest voice, full and sonorous, with just a touch of nasality, was gone for ever. But there were crumbs of consolation for the admirers of Brooke, in the fact that witli it went the rant born of excessive physical vigour and the elocutionary tricks which had previously given an artificial tone to his acting. Years, however, were to elapse ere Brooke found himself utterly discredited in Jjondon. On the termination of his Olympic engagement, Benjamin Webster had made him the princely offer of £15 a night for one hundred nights certain, to place himself at the head of the fine company then playing at the Haymarket. This he was capricious enough to dechne, preferring to make an immediate return to the provinces. After an absence of six or seven weeks, during which he appeared at the Queen's Theatre, Hull, and elsewhere, in association with the inevitable Duret, Brooke retraced his steps to the Olympic, where Anna Cora Mowatt and E. L. Davenport had meanwhile been appearing with satisfactory results. Uniting his forces temporarily with the American artists, he made his reappearance on Wednesday, May 17, as Laurency in Henry Spicer's new five-act tragedy, TJie Lords of Ellinr/haui. Speaking of this piece in her "Autobiography," as published in 1854, Mrs. Mowatt informs us that while E. L. Davenport was considerably applauded in his portrayal of the confiding, noble-minded Dudley Latigmer, Brooke's rendering, on the other hand, of the audacious villainy of Laurency proved dangerously captivating. This, the first character "created" by Brooke during his fifteen years' stage experience, was indeed very favourably received, and would doubtless have Jeft a more lasting impression had the play been strong enough to warrant an extended run. " On W^ednesday," says the Literary Gazette of May 20, " the great test of Mr. G. V. Brooke's capa- bilities as an actor of the first rank was made at this theatre. A new play by the author of Hunesty, JmUje Jeffreys, etc., 92 Gustavus Vaughan Brooke. ■written long ago, but now first adapted for representation, and called The Lords of Ellhujhaiii, was the occasion, and we must say that the impression left upon us by Mr. Brooke's delineation of his first original part is very favourable. There were more study and carefulness in the delineation, nicer discrimination and appreciation of detail in his development of the character of Lawrency (sic) than have marked any of his preceding efforts ; indeed, the whole was a fine, manly, forcible piece of acting, and the declamatory burst in the last scene was as effective as anything of the kind could be. The Lords of Ellbviham is rather a heavy drama, and the plot does not develop itself with sufficient clearness during the progress of the play, though it is apparent enough when all is ended, and it has other faults which make it drag on rather heavily ; still there are some well conceived situations, and the action is frequently well sustained, and there are many poetical beauties spread over the dialogue. The play has been well put upon the stage, is characteristically dressed, and the scenery is in every respect worthy of great praise. After Mr. Brooke, the principal parts were very carefully played by Mrs. Mowatt, Miss Marie Buret, Mr. Davenport, and Mr. H. Holl, not forgetting a minor one of a surly old gaoler, capitally done by Mr. Stirling." After the brief run of the new tragedy Brooke returned once more to his old love, the provinces. Flitting hither and thither, we find him on Monday, November 20, making his first appearance as an adult actor at Edinburgh, where he was rapturously received during his fortnight's sojourn. The anonymous Avriter in the Australian Ma