
 < g 
 
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 2 ED 
 
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 5) 
 
UTAH AS IT IS 
 
 With a Comprehensive 
 Statement of 
 
 UTAH AS IT WAS. 
 
 Showing the Founding, Growth and Present Status of 
 the Commonwealth. 
 
 PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 S. A. KENNER, 
 
 Author of "The Practical Politician," "Handbook 
 of Utah" and other Publications. 
 
 SALT L.AKE CITY, UTAH, 1904. 
 THE DESERKT NEWS. 
 

Bancroft Library 
 
 PREFATORY REMARKS. 
 
 A GREAT deal has been said and written on the subject 
 to which the subjoined chapters relate, showing that 
 it is an interesting one; and all is not yet said by any means. 
 Each succeeding day adds something to a story already full 
 of wonders which are none the less wonderful because familiar 
 and none the less entertaining because told before. In this 
 volume, however, will be found much, even in the domain of 
 history, that has not previously made its way into print, not 
 necessarily through the neglect of the historian but rather for 
 the reason above suggested that no one man or any limited 
 number of them, and no publication, could possibly tell it all. 
 But it is not so much with history per se as with current 
 events, not so much with established facts of the past as with 
 the developments of the present and the possibilities of the 
 future as relates to our beloved State, that these pages have 
 to do. And yet history is by no means slighted; on the con- 
 trary, the earlier portions of the book in their entirety and 
 much that follows incidentally are devoted to that line of 
 labor; and without desiring to waft any garlands in my own 
 direction, it is said without hesitancy that the work as to that 
 
IV PREFATORY REMARKS. 
 
 has been as fully done as it could be within the space oc- 
 cupied. 
 
 This book, it will be observed, is constructed on a differ- 
 ent plan from any other production relating to Utah ever 
 placed before the public. Each subject dealt with has a de- 
 partment to itself showing its commencement, progress and 
 present development, together with the people who did or 
 directed the work. The first of everything is a conspicuous 
 feature herein the first comers, the first planting, the first 
 house, the first school, the first mining, the first railroad, and 
 so on, making what might be called a Pioneer book as to 
 everything, but more particularly as to the honored Pioneers 
 themselves, concerning whom too much cannot be said. 
 
 The sketches of numerous people in all the varied walks 
 of life, contained in these pages, people who have built up, 
 improved, established enterprises, developed, labored, edu- 
 cated and advanced, themselves constitute a comprehensive 
 history of the commonwealth and every phase of its develop- 
 ment; while the illustrations, in their great number, variety 
 and scope, help out the telling in no small measure. 
 
 Not only are the moral and material characteristics of 
 Utah thoroughly shown up, but the domain of the fine arts 
 has not been neglected. As the good Bishop in Les Miserable* 
 (by the bye, I believe all bishops are good) says, "The beauti- 
 ful in life may be as useful as the useful, even more so," and 
 who is there that does not subscribe to the statement? Also 
 the military feature has a showing and, in fact, but little in any 
 
PREFATORY REMARKS. V 
 
 line has escaped attention even though not coming within the 
 range of substantial and productive existence. 
 
 To those who did and dared at the beginning when all 
 was forbidding and drear; who built not for a day but for all 
 time and for all people; who were not Argonauts in quest of 
 golden fleece, but the avant couriers of a mighty civilization 
 and founders of a work so vast and enduring that its duration 
 must extend to the limits of time; to them and their worthy 
 successors and descendants this volume is respectfully dedi- 
 cated. 
 
 S. A. K. 
 
UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
10 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 centuries had awaited the call to come forth and add their 
 nourishing and beautifying power to the beings and things of 
 the upper earth. While the foundations of this reign were laid 
 away back amid the mists of antiquity and threatened to con- 
 tinue until "the wreck of matter and the crash of worlds," it was 
 at the middle of the nineteenth century from the advent of the 
 Master destined to be overthrown and its power forever des- 
 troyed. 
 
 One day, just before the period of time last spoken of, 
 some strange sounds cleft the all-pervading solitude. One 
 was that of a woodman's ax, another the rumbling of a wheeled 
 vehicle, while another was that of a human voice a human 
 being who had not been born and reared in the wilds and 
 whose reddened skin was not the result of heredity. These 
 were the notes of warning that the beginning of the end of the 
 existing sway had come. The dust of the ages arose as a 
 cloud of smoke leading to a promised land. The despot's out- 
 posts had been taken and his citadel soon capitulated. Then 
 began the work of effacing, piece by piece; every vestige of the 
 hoary, worthless rule was to go. The invaders tore up the 
 soil and planted seeds; they pulled the streams from out their 
 channels and scattered them broadcast over the land. They 
 stormed the crags, they hurled thunderbolts against the ad- 
 amantine walls which buttressed the everlasting hills, and these 
 yielding to the blasts, the hidden treasures of the ages were 
 brought forth into the light of day; they dragged down, they 
 built up, they struck to the right and to the left, and at last 
 their victory was complete. "Civilization, on her luminous 
 wings, soars, phoenix-like, to Jove ." Having "scattered plenty 
 o'er a smiling land," they can now "read their history in a 
 nation's eyes." 
 
THE STATE BUILDERS. 
 
 THEIR JOURNEY AND ADVENT, THEIR TRIB- 
 ULATIONS AND TRIUMPHS. 
 
 MORE than half a century ago there appeared at the 
 summit of one of the extreme western gorges of the 
 Wasatch range, opposite the southern shores of the Great 
 Salt Lake, a long, winding caravan of lumbering vehicles drawn 
 by horses and oxen, whose sore-footed, weary tread indicated 
 plainly enough how long and burdensome had been their jour- 
 ney; strung along in various positions was a motley array of 
 men, women and children, dust-begrimed, travel-worn and 
 rough-appearing, but with an expression of satisfaction upon 
 each countenance because the end of the pilgrimage was spread 
 out before them; the wearisome, wearing march was about 
 concluded. Like a great jewel gleaming upon the shaggy 
 breast of Nature, our now celebrated inland sea appeared at 
 the northwestern corner of the landscape, while all around 
 and about was the dismal, colorless sterility which had for so 
 long been the chief characteristic of the country traversed. 
 These people had come from the far-away East and were not 
 on speculation bent, otherwise they would probably have gone 
 on and pitched their tents within sight of the golden-shored 
 Pacific, which, even then was a land of great promise. The 
 exact date of their arrival was July 24, 1847, but a vanguard 
 of a few men came in the day before. The people were 
 Mormons, and their head and front was a man of religious 
 tendencies and instincts named Brigham Young. He and his 
 followers had had a pretty hard time of it crossing an un- 
 
12 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 settled, savage and barren wilderness of which they knew but 
 little, to arrive at last in a place regarding which they knew 
 nothing; but what they didn't know they proceeded to find out. 
 They were looking out for a place to locate, where they 
 would be so severely alone and so decidedly out of the way 
 that the chances of another order to "move on," of which they 
 had had several, would be exceedingly slim for a long time to 
 come. They came, they saw, they conquered. The series 
 of forced marches which eventuated their arrival here com- 
 menced at the Missouri river some three months previously. 
 Those who now make the trip in half that number of days 
 and have never "teamed it" across the plains can form no con- 
 ception of the trials and travails besetting that all but des- 
 perate invasion of the dark domain of our continent. It 
 was an experience not to be sought or coveted, but being 
 possessed became a treasure of incomparable value. It made 
 the refugees for such in some sense they were sturdy 
 where irresolution had been, strong where weakness had ex- 
 isted, united in place of drifting apart, and hopeful of a success- 
 ful outcome where previously there must have been some 
 measure of dubiety. 
 
 It was altogether one of the most splendid performances 
 from which the genius of progress ever withheld his smiles 
 until complete success had crowned the performers' labors. 
 When they ^ould not make twenty miles a day they got as 
 far as they could, and when progress was impracticable they 
 waited patiently till the difficulties were overcome. Notwith- 
 standing cattle or horses occasionally being lost, wagons 
 breaking down, the scarcity of nourishing food, the uncertain- 
 ty and apprehension naturally prevailing as to what the next 
 march would develop, the sickness, the sadness, the sorrow 
 and even the few deaths that occurred, there was no faltering 
 from the purpose in chief, no deviation from the straightfor- 
 ward course, and no laxity in reliance upon the "protecting 
 power of Divine Providence." So they jogged along. 
 
 Around camp fires at night, and occasionally while plod- 
 
THM STATE BUILDERS. 13 
 
 ding their weary way by day, songs made to order could be 
 heard, the chorus being generally of the uproarious style and 
 given with a vocal vigor that made the welkin ring and let 
 the lurking savages know that the travelers were by no means 
 afraid of being heard. One a fair sample of these "songs"- 
 ran like this, the tune being "Old Dan Tucker:" 
 
 Out the way for California,* 
 In the spring we'll take our journey, 
 Far beyond Arkansas' fountains, 
 Pass between the Rocky Mountains. 
 
 Old Governor Fordf he is so small 
 He has no room for soul at all; 
 He neither could be damned nor blessed 
 If heaven and hell should do their best. 
 
 Then out the way, &c. 
 
 The Mormons are a wonderful set, 
 The devil never has beat them yet. 
 Some have wives and some have none, 
 But a hundred and ten has Brigham Young. 
 
 Then out the way, &c. 
 
 There was any amount more of this rough-and-tumble 
 doggerel, but enough is produced to give an idea of its char- 
 acter; to give an idea of its effectiveness, of the resonance 
 and vehemence with which it was sung, would be 
 quite impossible. It was a kind of surcease of sorrow, 
 at once a means of dispelling for the moment the ugly 
 memories of recently bygone days and affording a sort of 
 relaxation, and as such was not without value. Surely those 
 men needed relaxation. In addition to the troubles always 
 apparent, they were weak-handed, and a large band of hostiles 
 such as were numerous then, by making a rush could have 
 blotted them out. The cause of this was the fact that 500 of 
 their brethren, all able-bodied, were also on "the way to Cali- 
 
 * In those days "California" meant pretty much everything west of the 
 Rocky Mountains. 
 
 t Governor of Illinois at the time of the Mormons' persecutions. 
 
14 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 fornia" by a different route and for a different purpose, they 
 having entered the service of the United Sates in its war with 
 Mexico, and are known in history as the Mormon Battalion. 
 All of these came to Utah later on from the west, some of 
 them having participated in the experiences and scenes which 
 attended the opening up of the golden era and making of Cali- 
 fornia the great Mecca to which the devotees of the Mammon 
 god flocked. The Battalion did its work honorably and well 
 and none were lost. Nor were their services required by the 
 
 THE PIONEERS' RECEPTION COMMITTEE. 
 
 Pioneers, who were bothered less by Indians than by some of 
 the other disturbing agencies of nature, but this must be 
 classed among the things providential. Finally the journey 
 ended as stated. 
 
 It is quite impossible even to imagine the sensations of 
 those people at that time. They were free from the visita- 
 tions of mobbers and marauders, and, notwithstanding the 
 subdued glare of hostile campfires at great distances and the 
 discordant serenades of the nearer wild beasts, could at last lie 
 down in peace and sleep the undisturbed sleep of those whose 
 
THE STATE BUILDERS. 15 
 
 consciences are void of offense. Their vigils were relaxed 
 and they were at last free as the mountain air which fanned their 
 cheeks and imparted vigor to their wearied bodies American 
 citizens, driven from their birthright, hounded from pillar to 
 post, plundered, assaulted, all manner of religious and political 
 persecution showered upon them free at last as such citizens, 
 but upon foreign soil! They were monarchs, of -all they sur- 
 veyed now, the owners of all things surrounding them. There 
 was none to oppose, as well as none to welcome; even had 
 there been, the form of greeting must have been, "You are 
 welcome to this vast field of nothingness; enjoy it if you can." 
 In this time of hardships ending but to begin anew, was there 
 any thought of separation from the land to which they be- 
 longed but from which they had been expelled? If so, here 
 was their grand opportunity. Their feet pressed the soil of 
 Mexico, and even its laws could not reach them, so political 
 as well as social independence was all at once within their 
 grasp. How different fromaJl this was what they actually did! 
 The independence they sought was that promulgated by 
 Thomas Jefferson, not that of Jefferson Davis; they would add 
 to, not take from, the domain of their country, and their first 
 important act, aside from securing some measures of personal 
 comfort, was the hoisting of the Stars and Stripes on a neigh- 
 boring peak, thus proclaiming the new country to be territory 
 of the United States, following this, as soon as practicable, 
 with the organization of a provisional State government and 
 making a formal request for admission as one of the grand 
 sisterhood. 
 
 EARLY CALLERS. 
 
 IT WOULD take a nimbler, more analytical and more 
 graphic pen than the one with which these lines are traced to 
 tell, so that the reader would feel and appreciate, just what was 
 
16 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 done and what manifested as an outflow of feeling when the 
 jaded band "unhitched" and "turned out" for the last time, as far 
 as their journeying was concerned. The approach of evening 
 bearing with it no admonition of ceaseless vigil during the long 
 hours of the night, and no need of careful and laborious ar- 
 rangement of trappings, utensils and necessary things in readi- 
 ness for hasty getting together and pulling out on the morrow, 
 the discontinuance if not the demolition of the treadmill, so 
 to speak, was surely the breaking of a direful strain, the be- 
 ginning of a condition in which the strenuousness of a long 
 period of onward plodding was overcome for the time being at 
 least; and when night came, with its surcease of sounds except 
 those most soothing to the senses the rippling of the moun- 
 tain stream and the cadence of the gentle breezes amid the 
 vegetation on its banks the "sleep that knits up the raveled 
 sleeve of care" must have descended upon them as a benison. 
 Such was the beginning of w 7 hat we now behold on every 
 hand as the triumph of mind over matter, of the subjugation 
 of stubborn conditions, the establishment of the newer civiliza- 
 tion of America. 
 
 The Mormons were by no means the first white people 
 that had ever set foot in the valley of the Great Salt Lake, 
 but they were the first settlers . The fact is, that the few 
 others who had previously come here only waited about long 
 enough to take a good look at the situation, to "size it up," so 
 to speak, and then "strike the trail" again. They didn't want 
 any of it, and of course didn't believe that anybody else would 
 have it. 
 
 Back amid the times when there were no white people on 
 this soil except occasionally interlopers who, if they had any 
 fixed and definite purpose in coming to America have failed 
 to hand down information of what it was, we read of Coron- 
 ado, Cardenas and much later, about the time of the promulga- 
 tion of the Declaration of Independence, Bonneville, who pen- 
 etrated the western wilds further than either of his predecessors. 
 In fact, he was the only one up to that time who actually reached 
 
THE STATE BUILDERS. 
 
 17 
 
 the territory settled upon some seventy years later by the 
 Mormons, and he got no further north than the southern part 
 of Utah Lake. A long interval followed, unmarked by the ap- 
 pearance of the venturesome white man, the spell being 
 broken in 1824 by one whose name is synonymous with 
 
 JIM BRIDGER, THE FIRST WHITE MAN 
 IN SALT LAKE VALLEY. 
 
 mountaineering, frontiering and venturesome exploration gen- 
 erally. His name was James Bridger and he struck the Bear 
 River country early in that year in company with a party of 
 fur hunters. Soon after their advent he was made chair- 
 man of a committee of two to proceed down the river in a 
 
18 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 canoe and see what could be seen, whereby he made the dis- 
 covery of the Great Salt Lake and thus got his moccasin 
 prints upon the soil surrounding it ahead of any other man of 
 his race so far as known. Civilization had no attractions for 
 him and eventually he settled on the spot which still bears his 
 name, in western Wyoming Fort Bridger; and two or three 
 desultory companies of pilgrims bound for the eastern shores 
 of the Pacific are recorded as having cut through a little ahead 
 of the Mormons, but not much ahead, and as previously sug- 
 gested, none camped longer than a night or so. 
 
 Bridger first crossed the plains when there were but few 
 white men's homes west of St. Louis and none at all west of 
 the Missouri. He passed through all manner of trying ad- 
 ventures, and fought and drove off as many as 150 Indians at a 
 time. The man was utterly fearless. When he first saw the 
 Great Salt Lake all the maps of the country were a blank, 
 being marked up as the "Great American Desert." He ren- 
 dered invaluable assistance to the surveyors for the route of 
 the Union Pacific Railway, making many difficult places quite 
 plain for them. He died July 17, 1881, at Westport, Mis- 
 souri. 
 
 The next man after Bridger to penetrate the Wasatch 
 range was "Jim" Baker, who came in 1834, anc ^ was John C. 
 Fremont's most trusted scout. He was a great bear hunter 
 and the proud possessor of several squaw wives whom he kept 
 at his ranch in Colorado. It is related of him that some twenty 
 years or more after his first call he received $8000 for furs in 
 Salt Lake City, and the next morning he hadn't a cent to bless 
 himself with, the festive gambler and dispenser of liquid light- 
 ning having done their work to a beautiful finish. Baker died 
 about four years ago, deserving, as a frontiersman and adven- 
 turous pioneer, much more in the way of mention than he has 
 received. 
 
THE STATE BUILDERS. 19 
 
 WHO THE PIONEERS WERE. 
 
 THE names of the Pioneers deserve to be perpetuated and 
 kept in endearing remembrance by all the ages to come, irre- 
 spective of creeds or other divisions of the human family. 
 Not only they, but those who came shortly after, endured and 
 dared and perserved in the very grasp of the destroyer that 
 all that is mentioned in these chapters as the sequence of their 
 work might be. And what shall be said of the three brave 
 women who dared the perils of the prairies and shared the 
 hardships of their husbands by becoming members of the first 
 band? Unaccustomed to the dangers, roughness and indeli- 
 cacies of pioneer work, always weary, often faint, some- 
 times sick, confronted now and then by circumstances repul- 
 sive to refined natures, and reaching the goal at last to find 
 nothing inviting, pleasant or promising, is it any wonder if 
 they revolted somewhat on arrival and insisted on going ahead? 
 They would have been more than human, or less, if it had 
 been otherwise. But they remained, endured the discourage- 
 ments, continued the good, hard work till it was all over, and 
 then enjoyed something of the reward they had so largely 
 earned. They and those who came later under similar circum- 
 stances were fit to be the wives of the men whose wives they 
 were; and this is praise enough. 
 
 This book will contribute its share towards keeping 
 green the memory of the Pioneers by recording their names 
 in full: 
 
 Brigham Young, Wilford Woodruff, Heber C. Kimball, 
 
 Orson Pratt, George A. Smith, Willard Richards, 
 
 Joseph Egbert, Marcus B. Thorpe, John S. Fowler, 
 
 John M. Freeman, George Wardle, Jacob D. Burnham, 
 
 Amasa M. Lyman, George Brown, Kzra X. Benson, 
 
 Starling Driggs, Barnabas Iy. Adams, Thomas B. Grover, 
 
 Jesse C. Little, Rowell Stevens, Albert Carrington, 
 
20 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Phineas H. Young, 
 John Y. Green, 
 Thomas Tanner, 
 Luke S. Johnson, 
 John Hoi man, 
 Edmund Ellsworth, 
 Alvarus Hanks, 
 Sylvester H. Earl, 
 John H. Dixon, 
 Samuel H. Marble, 
 Charles Shumway, 
 Andrew Shumway, 
 Thomas Woolsey, 
 Chauncey Loveland, 
 Franklin B. Stewart, 
 Monroe Frink, 
 Erick Glines, 
 Ozro Eastman, 
 Elijah Newman. 
 Levi N. Kendall, 
 Francis Boggs, 
 David Grant, 
 Hosea Gushing, 
 Robert Byard, 
 George Billings, 
 Appleton >I. Harmon, 
 Carlos Murray, 
 Horace K. Whitney, 
 Orson K. Whitney, 
 Joseph Rooker,* 
 Perry Fitzgerald, 
 John H. Tippetts, 
 Norton Jacobs, 
 Charles A. Harper, 
 George Woodard, 
 John Brown, 
 Shadrach Roundy, 
 Levi Jackruan, 
 Joseph Matthews, 
 Clara D. Young, 
 Harriet P. W. Young, 
 Ellen S. Kimball. 
 
 Addison Everett, 
 Truman O. Angell, 
 Lorenzo D. Young, 
 George R. Grant, 
 Millen At wood, 
 Samuel B. Fox, 
 Tunis Rappleyee, 
 George Scholes, 
 William Henri, 
 William A Empey, 
 Erastus Snow, 
 James Craig, 
 William Wordsworth, 
 James Case, 
 Artemus Johnson, 
 William C. A. Smoot, 
 Franklin B. Dewey, 
 Seth Taft, 
 Horace Thornton, 
 Stephen Kelsey, 
 John S. Eldredge, 
 Charles D. Barnum, 
 Edson Whipple, 
 Philo Johnson, 
 William Clayton, 
 Orrin P. Rockwell, 
 Nathaniel T. Brown, 
 R.Jackson Redding, 
 John Pack, 
 James Davenport, 
 Henson Walker, 
 Benjamin Rolfe, 
 Stephen Markham, 
 Lewis Barney, 
 George Mills, 
 Lyman Curtis, 
 Hans C. Hensen, 
 Matthew Ivory, 
 Gilbroid Summe, 
 Charles Burke, 
 Alexander P. Chessley, 
 Rodney Badger, 
 
 Thomas Bullock, 
 
 Bryant Stringham, 
 
 Joseph S. Scofield, 
 
 Albert P. Rockwood, 
 
 Harry Pierce, 
 
 William Dykes, 
 
 Jacob Weiler, 
 
 Stephen H Goddard, 
 Tarlton Lewis, 
 Henry G. Sherwood, 
 Zebedee Coltrin, 
 William Vance, 
 Simeon Howd, 
 Seeley Owen, 
 William Carter, 
 Franklin G. Losee, 
 
 Burr Frost, 
 
 Datus Ensign,* 
 Alma M. Williams, 
 Rufus Allen, 
 Robert T. Thomas, 
 James W. Stewart, 
 Howard Egan, 
 William A. King, 
 Thomas Cloward, 
 Francis Pomeroy, 
 Aaron Farr, 
 Nathaniel Fairbanks,. 
 John S. Higbee. 
 John Wheeler, 
 Solomon Chamberlin, 
 Conrad Klineman, 
 Andrew Gibbons, 
 Joseph Hancock, 
 John W. Norton, 
 David Powers, 
 Norman Taylor, 
 Ellis Eames, 
 John Gleason, 
 Hark Lay (colored), 
 Oscar Crosby (colored), 
 Green Flake (colored). 
 
 * Non-Mormons, though Mr. Ensign joined the Church some time after 
 reaching Utah. 
 
THE SI ATE BUILDERS. 21 
 
 The first named of the women was the wife of Brigham 
 Young, the second the wife of Lorenzo D. Young, and the 
 third was Heber C. KimbalPs wife. They came of their own 
 free will and choice, and were all who came that season. 
 There were two children Issac P. Decker and Lorenzo S. 
 \oung, making the whole number one hundred and forty-nine. 
 Of these, all but six P. H. Young, George Woodward, A. 
 F. Farr, Eric Glines and R. Badger, who were allowed to 
 turn back at Green River for their families, and Ellis Eames, 
 who went back further east because of sickness made the 
 grand entree of the Great Salt Lake Valley at the time 
 stated. 
 
 THE GREAT WORK BEGUN. 
 
 THE first house in Salt Lake Gity was built on what is 
 now known as Pioneer Square, in the western part of town, 
 although the continued reaching out of building and cultiva- 
 tion up to and beyond the Jordan river, a mile west of the 
 square, has of late years been the means of throwing this 
 locality somewhat nearer the center. The structure was of 
 logs and was measurably comfortable even if not commodious. 
 No lines of architecture and no plans or specifications were 
 followed in its construction, the prevailing idea being to obtain 
 shelter from the elements. Other little habitations followed 
 slowly, and in a comparatively short time a straggling sort of 
 village had, as it were, sprung from the ground. In the midst 
 of all this the necessity for early production of sustenance 
 was by no means overlooked. As a matter of fact, prepara- 
 tions to that end were begun before anything in the building 
 line was attended to. Digging up the ground preparatory to 
 planting was found to be labor of slow and uncertain results; 
 the soil was hard, pebbly and dry, so much so that the pro- 
 fuse perspiration that fell from those men's faces was absorbed 
 as greedily as it would have been by living coals of fire. The 
 
22 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 first of the pilgrims' effects to be cast into the unpromising 
 drills were the eyes of a quantity of potatoes, the rest of the 
 vegetables being used for food. The sprouts were covered 
 up almost as carefully and reverently as though they were de- 
 parted friends, as indeed in one sense they were, and left to 
 come forth in the due season of nature, or not to come up at all, 
 whichever it might prove to be. Other planting was done, 
 and naturally rain was hoped for, but for some time it was 
 like the letter that never came. The Pioneers discovered that 
 
 FIRST HOUSE IN UTAH. 
 
 the land they had taken possession of was in constant need of 
 moisture which the atmosphere steadily refused to produce. 
 Here was the impelling influence to the inception of the sys- 
 tem by means of which nine-tenths of all the cultivated lands 
 of this region have been reclaimed from the wastes of nature 
 irrigation. It is at once a comprehensive science, an in- 
 valuable and indispensable factor in the domain of production, 
 and the cause of more hard labor and stubborn litigation than 
 anything else in our midst, with the possible exception of 
 
THE STATE BUILDERS. 23 
 
 mining. Hard as it is to successfully irrigate large patches 
 of soil nowadays, it is the veriest pastime compared with what 
 it was at the beginning and for a long time after. Irrigation 
 owes its existence to the people who settled Utah, and the 
 people in turn owe their existence to it. It is a question con- 
 cerning which there might be at least argument as to which 
 was the greater debtor or creditor to the other by reason of 
 the grand consummation wrought out by the united forces of 
 the two; but the argument would be like many others, more rhe- 
 torical than conclusive. It is fair, however, to say that all that 
 has been gained in the way of a foothold for human habita- 
 tion and consequent civilization here has been at a cost 
 which aggregated would amount to the capitalization of the 
 grandest empire that ever rose, or reigned, or fell; not one 
 dollar's worth of value did the hardy founders of our glorious 
 commonwealth wrest from the unwilling hand of nature that 
 did not cost them in slavish toil a hundred fold and more. If 
 all that they did to lay the foundation stones of the State of 
 Utah were to be counted and paid for at fair rates, no nation on 
 earth could foot the bill and escape bankruptcy. The record 
 is one of the wonders of national history, not so much 
 thought of or appreciated now because everything is so dif- 
 ferent, because the interest on the investment made by such 
 endurance and sacrifice is being realized so abundantly by 
 those who have have passed through none of the hardships 
 and have no realizing sense of them. 
 
 At this point, a reference to an oft-quoted incident will not 
 be out of place. "Jim" Bridger, previously spoken of, as the 
 exiles were passing his post, being told where they were going, 
 expressed astonishment that they should locate in a place so 
 unpromising and apparently unproductive. He could see no 
 profit but a great deal of loss, if the people rated their labor 
 and privations at a fair estimate, and said he would give a 
 thousand dollars for every bushel of wheat (some say ears of 
 corn and others still the first ear of corn) raised here. It is 
 not very material what he actually did say, except as to show- 
 
24 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 ing his opinion of the situation, so, for the sake of the subject, 
 I will choose the first. James was undoubtedly correct as 
 human wisdom goes; he could see no possible advantage to 
 come to those who labored for apparently an abstraction and 
 could not make their blows tell at once. He was practical, 
 and knew that for every dollar's worth gained in such a place 
 much more in labor values would have to be expended to get 
 it, even if anything at all should be returned, which he showed 
 his unbelief in as stated, and could not grasp such a condition 
 as people staying with a losing proposition when by going 
 further they stood a chance to win. He was a man of the 
 world and estimated the affairs of life from a worldly stand- 
 point. Anything that could not be computed from the basis 
 of dollars and cents, or did not produce reasonably early 
 and profitable returns on the investment, was a good thing to 
 keep out of. He knew that further on were many valleys 
 where the soil was softer, apparently richer, and quite as well 
 watered, while there was a reasonable percentage of humidity 
 during the summer months, and that beyond all these were 
 the matchless climate and the prolific soil of California, where 
 labor received immediate and adequate returns; why halt at 
 the halfway place, where sterility was in full sway and hard- 
 ships held high carnival? But suppose he had been able to 
 give security for the fulfillment of his proposed contract, and 
 the price to be paid per bushel for wheat up to date had been 
 reduced to something near the average prevailing figure, say 
 one dollar. Mr. Bridger would still have been "in the hole" 
 very deep indeed; why, for the first year of the new century 
 alone he or his heirs would have had to receive the startling 
 sum of nearly 4,000,000 bushels and pay over a corresponding 
 number of dollars! Perhaps in some fitful reverie during the 
 lonely hours of his solitude, when "fancy her magical pinions 
 spread wide," he may have seen himself at a time far hence 
 the owner of such a vast fortune, but the dream never mate- 
 rialized; as a matter of fact, he never owned a tithe of such a 
 sum. He is dead now and in the possession of such rewards 
 
THE STA TE B UILDERS. 25 
 
 as his good deeds which were by no means non-existent- 
 entitled him to; but he lived long enough to see many of the 
 tattered, wearied empire-builders of '47 in possession of more 
 of the world's goods than he had ever owned, with all of them 
 and nearly all of their followers and associates in much more 
 comfortable circumstances than any that ever fell to his lot in 
 life. Thus it is with those who cannot judge of the future 
 even by the past, who cannot discern the hand of destiny so 
 manifestly before them; and thus it is with those who judge 
 of the Mormon pilgrims by the standards of the world's 
 people. In all this we have a striking exemplification of 
 Mormon doctrine, which is, that faith without works is 
 nothing. 
 
 It is not to be expected that any person can see with an- 
 other person's eyes, nor is it surprising that so small a number, 
 comparatively, of people are willing to undergo so much when 
 so little in the way ot visible rewards attends upon their labors 
 or, gauged by human standards, is promised. It is not, there- 
 fore, to be wondered at that the great majority think the small 
 minority a band of uncaged lunatics, maintaining such belief 
 until the non compos people demonstrate that, so far as judg- 
 ment as to possible things is concerned, the shoe is on the 
 other foot. The real wonder appears when the majority, 
 seeing their error, not only do not frankly admit it but rush in 
 to secure a share of the proceeds to violate a principle of 
 law, as it were, in profiting by their own wrong. Thus we be- 
 hold some of those who would have given nothing for all the 
 Mormons found, and were willing to give fabulous prices for 
 all that such possessions could be made to yield, reversing 
 themselves in act if not in word by paying goodly prices at 
 times for small pieces of that same worthless ground and re- 
 fusing to pay more than the normal market rates for the pro- 
 ducts. Singular how people get twisted around sometimes 
 and have to conform to things all along disbelieved, by means 
 they knew not of and can scarcely tell why! 
 
THE MORMON CHURCH. 
 
 ITS ORIGIN AND PROGRESS AND WHAT IT 
 HAS ACCOMPLISHED. 
 
 TT is proper, before proceeding further, that some mention 
 * be made of the origin, development and labors of the re- 
 ligious organization above named, or as it is officially denomi- 
 nated, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 
 While this book, or any part thereof, is not an exponent of, 
 an apologist for, or, except as it may be of general interest, a 
 presenter of the features of any creed or party, it still follows 
 that to omit special and detailed mention of these people's 
 antecedents and characteristics would be to leave a big gap in 
 the narrative as a whole. 
 
 The terms " Mormon Church " and " founders of Utah" 
 are by no means synonymous, yet paradoxical as it may ap- 
 pear, they are one and the same thing from a secular point of 
 view; it is the case that when the latter term is the one used, 
 the former naturally and inextricably forms a mental association 
 with it, but the converse is not necessarily the case. It is by 
 no means the first time in history that a religious people, vol- 
 untarily or involuntarily excluded from their ail-along associa- 
 tions, have laid the foundations of empire and been the means 
 of causing the wilderness to bloom by peopling, subduing and 
 overcoming it to the end that civilization might obtain a se- 
 cure and lasting footing. It must, indeed, be a fact that is 
 patent to all readers and thinkers, that the State has earned, 
 even if it has not received, the distinction of being the un- 
 grateful offspring of the Church that the star of empire has 
 
JOHN R. WINDER, 
 
 First Counselor. 
 
 THE PRESENT FIRST PRESIDENCY. 
 
 JOSEPH F. SMITH, 
 
 President. 
 
 ANTHON H. LUNI>, 
 Second Counselor. 
 
28 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 oftener than otherwise been preceded by the sign of the 
 cross . But not before, at least not in modern history, is there 
 an account of a religious organization as such and as a whole 
 battering down the ramparts of hostile nature and establish- 
 ing and carrying forward the pioneering work which even- 
 tuated brilliant and prosperous commonwealths. That is 
 what the Mormon Church, as an organization and by its enti- 
 ties, accomplished; and few if any there be who would with- 
 hold from them the meed of praise to which they are so justly 
 entitled. 
 
 The Church was brought into existence through the in- 
 strumentality of a young man named Joseph Smith, living 
 near the town of Manchester, New York. He presented it 
 to the world as the restoration of the gospel of the Savior in 
 its fullness, and showed how he had been led and enlightened 
 thereto by divine messengers in person. He gave to the do- 
 main of letters and history the translation of a record of the 
 people who lived on the American continents many hundreds 
 of years prior to. up to and a few hundred years after the ad- 
 vent of the Messiah. This was published as the Book of 
 Mormon, and is the corner stone of the organization. 
 
 The Church is theocratic in philosophy and democratic 
 in practice, as an illustration of which all its officers are pre- 
 sumed to be in full accord with trie workings of the Spirit and 
 to be selected for their callings by inspiration, but the selec- 
 tions are ratified by a vote of all the members of the Church, 
 male and female, who are present when the vote is taken; 
 and its control reaches to the temporal as well as the spiritual 
 affairs of its members. God has a body and faith must be 
 accompanied by works. 
 
 The Ghurch was organized April 6, 1830, at Fayette, Se- 
 neca county, New York, with but six members Joseph Smith, 
 Oliver Cowdery, Hyrum Smith, Peter Whitmer, Jr., Samuel 
 H. Smith and David Whitmer and these were and have 
 been continuously added to until the members constitute the 
 bulk of the population of Utah and are a considerable factor 
 
THE MORMON CHURCH. 
 
 29 
 
 in the surrounding States; besides which there are missions 
 with considerable membership throughout this country and 
 the whole world, the grand total being about 330,000. The 
 general authorities are: i The First Presidency, consisting 
 of a President and two Counselors; 2 The Twelve Apostles 
 (an executive council); 3 Presiding Patriarch; 4 First Coun- 
 
 PRESIDING BISHOPRIC. 
 
 ORRIN P. MILLER, WILLIAM B. PRESTON, ROBERT T. BURTON, 
 
 Second Counselor. Presiding Bishop. First Counselor. 
 
 cil of Seventies; 5 Presiding Bishopric. There is also a 
 Historian. 
 
 Following is a complete list of the Presidents and their 
 Counselors from the beginning, with date of entry into and de- 
 
30 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 parture from office, the latter generally having been caused 
 by death: 
 
 Presidents. 
 
 Counselors. 
 
 Appointed. 
 
 Term ended. 
 
 JOSEPH SMITH 
 
 
 
 June 27, 1844 
 Soon after. 
 1844 
 Nov. 7, 1837 
 Jan. 19, 1841 
 April 18, 1844 
 Aug. 29, 1877 
 June 22. 1868 
 Mar. ii, 1854 
 Dec. i, 1856 
 Aug. 29, 1877 
 Sept. i, 1875 
 August, 1877 
 July 25, i87 
 
 Sept. 2, 1898 
 
 Oct. 10, 1901 
 April 12, 190 [ 
 
 B RICH AM YOUNG. 
 
 i Oliver Cowdery 
 
 .. 1833 
 
 I Sidney Rigdon . ... 
 2 Fredk.G. Williams 
 2 Hyrum Smith 
 2 William Law 
 
 Mar. 18, 1833 
 
 it > i 
 
 Nov. 7, 183? 
 Jan. 19, 1841 
 Dec. 5, 1847 
 
 " 
 April 6, 1854 
 Jan. 4, 1857 
 Oct. 7. 1868 
 Oct. 29. 1876 
 
 Oct. 10, 1880 
 K .. 
 
 ii 
 
 April 7, 1889 
 it (i 
 
 Sept. 13, 1898 
 ii ii 
 
 Nov. 10. 1901 
 >i 
 
 ii ii 
 
 JOHN TAYI^OI 
 
 i Heber C. Kimball 
 2 Willard Richards.. 
 2 Jedediah M. Grant 
 2 Daniel H. Wells... 
 i George A. Smith... 
 2 John W. Young. . . 
 
 WILFORD WOODRUFF* 
 
 i George Q. Cannon 
 2 Joseph t- Smith... 
 
 LORENZO SNOW 
 
 i George Q. Cannon 
 2 Joseph F. Smith... 
 
 JOSEPH F. SMITH 
 
 i George Q. Cannon 
 2 Joseph F. Smith... 
 
 
 i John R. Winder... 
 2 Authon H. Lund .. 
 
 Following is the complete list of the quorum of the 
 Twelve Apostles, the first twelve being the first quorum un- 
 der President Joseph Smith, the last twelve (with the excep- 
 tion of A.' H. Lund called to the First Presidency, and A. H. 
 Cannon, deceased), being the present quorum under President 
 Joseph F. Smith: 
 
 Lyman E. Johnson, Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, 
 Orson Hyde, David W. Patten, Luke S. Johnson, William E. 
 McLellin, John F. Boynton, Orson Pratt, William Smith, 
 Thomas B. Marsh, Parley P. Pratt, John E. Page, John 
 
 * President Woodruff was appointed nearly two years after the death of 
 President Taylor, and during the interregnum the Presidency was conducted 
 by the Twelve Apostles Twice before the Twelve had thus presided in the 
 interregnum between the death of Joseph Smith and the Presidency proper 
 of Brigham Young; and from the latter's death to the Presicency proper of 
 John Tavlor. 
 
THE MORMON CHURCH. 31 
 
 Taylor, Wilford Woodruff, George A. Smith, Willard Rich- 
 ards, Lyman Wight, Amasa M. Lyman, Ezra T. Benson, 
 Charles C. Rich, Lorenzo Snow, Erastus Snow, Franklin D. 
 Richards, George Q. Cannon, Joseph F. Smith, Albert Car- 
 rington, Moses Thatcher, Brigham Young, Jr., Francis M. 
 Lyman, John H. Smith, George Teasdale, Heber J. Grant, 
 John W. Taylor, Marriner W. Merrill, Anthon H. Lund, 
 Abraham H. Cannon, Matthias F. Cowley, Abraham O. 
 Woodruff, Rudger Clawson, Reed Smoot, Hyrum M. Smith. 
 
 The Presiding Patriarchs: Joseph Smith, Sen., father of 
 the Prophet; second, Hyrum Smith, brother of the Prophet; 
 third, John Smith, a brother of the first Patriarch; fourth 
 incumbent, John Smith, eldest son of the second Patriarch 
 and brother of President Joseph F. Smith. 
 
 The Presiding Bishopric: Edward Partridge, Newel 
 K. Whitney, Edward Hunter, William B. Preston. Counsel- 
 ors: Isaac Morley, John Corrill, Parley P. Pratt, Titus 
 Billings, Leonard W. Hardy, Jesse C. Little, Robert T. 
 Burton, John R. Winder, Orrin P. Miller. 
 
 John Whitmer was the first Church Historian and 
 Anthon H. Lund is the present one, with Andrew Jensen, O 
 F. Whitney, A. M. Musser and B. H. Roberts assistants. 
 
 To follow the list of Church officials further and give 
 more of its history and procedure would be to encroach 
 upon the space allotted to this subject, also upon the 
 works of other writers who have given everything in extenso, 
 and to which the reader is referred for further information as to 
 such matters.* Therefore, after the subjoined paragraphs, fol- 
 lowed by a personal sketch of the great leader and colonizer, 
 this phase of the book will be departed from altogether ex- 
 cept incidentally. f 
 
 The following hymn gives a fair idea of one of the cardi- 
 
 * "History of the Church," B. H. Roberts; "History of Utah," O. F. 
 Whitney; "Prophets and Patriarchs," M. F. Cowley; "Articles of Faith, "J- 
 E. Talmage, and other publications. 
 
 t Personal sketches occur in appropriate departments further along. 
 
32 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 nal features of the Mormon doctrine. It is from the pen of 
 Eliza R. Snow. This gifted woman was a wife of the Prophet 
 Joseph Smith and afterwards of President Brigham Young; 
 she died December 5, 1887. To hear the hymn rendered 
 by the great Tabernacle choir with the accompaniment of 
 the grand organ is to cause even the unbeliever to experience 
 a feeling which, for the time at least, robs death of its ter- 
 rors and puts the fleeting, sinful things of life outside the 
 pale of thought : 
 
 1 Oh my Fa - thir 
 
 2 For a wise and 
 
 3 I had learn d- to 
 
 4 When I leave rtm 
 
 Thou that dwellest In the high and glon- ou 
 
 glon- ous pur-pose Thon hast placed me here on- 
 
 call Thee Fa- ther t Thro' Thy Spir - it from on 
 
 frail ex - ist-ence. When I lay this mor - tal 
 
 
 place' When shall I re 
 
 gam Thy presence. And a - gain 
 arth. And withheld the rec ol- tec- lion Of my form - er friends and birth." Yet oft- 
 
 be - hold Thy -face In Thy 
 
 high. But.'nn - til the Key of Knowledge Waa re- stored. .1 knew not wh 
 by -. Fa- trier. Moth-er may I meet you In the roy al charts on 
 
 In the 
 Thon. at 
 
 n r 
 
 
 ho - ly ^ hah- i - ta- lion. Did my spir - iLonce re- Bide 7 ID my first pn - me- val 
 times a se-cret something Whisper'd" You're a stranger here ." And I fell tliat I had 
 heav n< *re parent sin-gle ' No . the thought makes reason 1 stare ' Truth is rca - son . truth e - 
 leu^th when I vecom-plet^ed All you sent me forth to do. With your mumal ap- pro- 
 
 rtt. 
 
 '^A 
 
 A 
 
 ! rT'vS 
 
 dim. 
 
 m ^ r-| 1 T T m 
 
 a' 
 
 l(or ^ r r 
 
 
 
 3=1 
 
 I : rhEiqqoLj: 
 
 
 t^j 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 child- hood, 
 wandered 
 
 Waa 
 From 
 
 I 
 
 a 
 
 nur - 
 more 
 
 tared near Thy side . - 
 x- alt - ed sphere. . . 
 
 
 ter - nal 
 
 Tells 
 
 me 
 
 I've 
 
 a moth- er there. . . . 
 
 
 ba tion 
 
 Let 
 
 me 
 
 come 
 
 and dwell wiih you. . . . 
 
 
 THE MODERN MOSES. 
 
 "THAT'S HIM!" 
 
 This distinctly juvenile ejaculation was uttered by a play- 
 mate of the writer's, whose acquaintance had been picked up 
 shortly after arrival in Zion, and who had been under a prom- 
 
THE MORMON CHURCH. 
 
 33 
 
 ise to point out the renowned individual at the very first op- 
 portunity. 
 
 Brigham Young! A man I had read of and heard talked 
 about times without number in the then far-away States of 
 Missouri and Kentucky, until the conclusion had grown within 
 my youthful mind that he was altogether the biggest man 
 that ever lived, with the possible exception of General Jack- 
 son. The well animadverted fact that he was not prone to 
 
 excessive economy in the 
 matter of connubiality had 
 but served to add the spice 
 of originality to the stories 
 regarding him, and when the 
 "folks" packed up and pulled 
 out for the land of promise r 
 the expectation that with my 
 own natural eyes I should 
 look upon the uncaged and 
 untamed lion of the day in 
 -pro^ria persona overshad- 
 owed all other considerations 
 of the time. ... At last, after 
 a weary pilgrimage and a so- 
 journ of a few weeks, the 
 circumstance which gave 
 rise to the exclamation above 
 
 set out occurred. Yes, it was indeed he. I had seen him at 
 last and was permitted to live and tell about it afterwards. 
 
 At the time spoken of and up to his death he was quite 
 portly, weighing something over two hundred pounds, and he 
 was about five feet eight inches in height. A profile view 
 gave his head very much the appearance of a lion's, and his 
 countenance was plain but regular and massive. He wa& 
 light complexioned with an inclination to auburn, his hair, 
 
 BRIGHAM YOUNG IN 1875.* 
 
 * This picture shows him less rugged looking and with a longer beard than at 
 the time mentioned at the beginning of this sketch about 1861. 
 
34 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 which was worn tolerably long, having a slight disposition to 
 curl. A fringe of beard extended from ear to ear, the upper 
 lip and part of the chin being smooth. The eyes were bluish 
 and mild but penetrating, and his lips came together like the 
 jaws of a bear trap, his great firmness and determination be- 
 ing thus physiognomically shown. His foot came down with 
 firmness but elasticity, and, despite his years and heaviness, 
 he was quite active. He was dressed in black throughout, 
 his clothes being neither fashionably cut nor altogether out of 
 the fashion, the general appearance being that of a well-to-do 
 eastern farmer with his Sunday clothes on. 
 
 I had many opportunities of seeing him after that and 
 finally became quite well acquainted. It is a circumstance 
 which is mentioned with no little pride, that he seemed to take 
 quite kindly to me, and I learned to regard him very highly. 
 
 One peculiarity that was quite observable was, he never 
 broke out into laughter, however much he might be amused, 
 which was by no means infrequently, a broad smile or a 
 chuckle being the limit to which his risibilities were permitted 
 to go. He was fond of theatricals when properly conducted, 
 and always kept a reserved seat in the Salt Lake Theater, 
 which he occupied when the play suited him and there was 
 nothing to call him away; and he was quite fond of dancing. 
 It would be a great mistake to suppose that because of his 
 bulkiness or otherwise he was clumsy or awkward: far from 
 it. He led his partner through the figures of a quadrille like 
 a cavalier, without missing a step or losing a note, but round 
 dancing he would have none of, and was opposed to its being 
 engaged in by others. 
 
 If any characteristic of his nature was more striking than 
 his spirituality at all times and under all circumstances, it was 
 his strict attention to practical things at the same times and 
 places. Believing with a belief that absolutely excluded con- 
 jecture, in a God of body, parts and passions, who not only 
 speaks words of comfort, hope and direction to such as are 
 qualified to receive them, but works and consummates by 
 
THE MORMON CHURCH. 35 
 
 physical agencies, and is as interested in our work-a-day as 
 in our spiritual affairs, Brigham exemplified his belief in his 
 sayings and doings. Faith without works to correspond was 
 an engine without steam, and a religion that did not reach to 
 the practical things of life comprehended but a part of the 
 things which relate to our well being. God would, he be- 
 lieved, tell us what to say in the pulpit or the press, also how 
 to properly lay out a garden or name a child. When the Co- 
 operative system of merchandising was introduced and be- 
 came a part of the practical workings of the Church, the 
 words ''Holiness to the Lord" surmounted the other words of 
 the sign above the door. "God will call, persuade, direct us 
 right," but He "will force no soul to heaven," and we are pre- 
 sumed to employ to the fullest extent of our capacity the abil- 
 ities which we have, and not lie supinely upon our backs ex- 
 pecting Him to do and conclude for us. Therefore, Brigham, 
 while implicitly relying upon the protection of the Lord, kept 
 a goodly guard about him when the enemy was nigh, took 
 weapons along with him when he went away from home, and 
 no doubt availed himself of recognized remedies when at- 
 tacked by physical ailments. To sum it all up, he believed in 
 God but kept his powder dry; and if anyone, thinking that, 
 because of his immovable spirituality and devotion to biblical 
 injunctions, if he were struck on one cheek the other would 
 be turned, the striker would undoubtedly have met with a 
 sudden and painful surprise. 
 
 One of the many creations of the practical side of his life 
 is the great Tabernacle in Salt Lake City, which has a capac- 
 ity of 10,000 people and which contains one of the greatest 
 organs in point of size and one of the best as to tone and 
 volume in the world. It is understood that Brigham was the 
 chief authority in the matter of design and he had pretty 
 much his own way as to every detail; it might as well be 
 mentioned here that there were few proceedings in which he 
 took an active part that he did not exercise the veto power 
 whenever he felt disposed, and that settled the matter conclu- 
 
36 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 sively. While the work of building was under way he sel- 
 dom permitted a day to pass without a long personal visit, 
 and it is a fact that on such occasions nothing of consequence 
 ever escaped his all but matchless scrutiny. At one of these 
 times he was apparently overlooking things in a general way 
 but had a sidelong glance fixed on a carpenter who was try- 
 ing to drive a screw home with a hammer. This was too 
 much for the great supervisor to ignore. Approaching the 
 man he said in a pleasant tone, "Brother Blank, did you ever 
 notice that little seam in the head of a screw?" "Oh, yes," 
 was the reply. "Well," continued the questioner, "I wonder 
 what that was made for!" The workman smiled vaguely and 
 reached for a screwdriver. 
 
 When the Tabernacle was at last finished, a publication 
 conducted by some recent seceders from the Church pro- 
 nounced it an acoustic failure, and indeed the first tests made 
 it so appear, but it did not remain so and ere long it became 
 a favorite practice of tourists to stand at one end of the struc- 
 ture and hear a dropped pin strike the floor at the other. 
 
 His family was very large and quite interesting, being 
 somewhat of a colony in itself. . They had their own store, 
 their own schools and school house, and lived in a general 
 way very much on the community plan. Eighteen wives, 
 forty odd children of all ages from nursing infancy up to the 
 marriageable period, many supported or visiting inmates who 
 were not related, and some domestics, was about the size of 
 the household, and those who believe that by reason of its 
 "bigness" or from any other reason it was disorderly or con- 
 fused or at "outs" one part with another, have not been cor- 
 rectly informed. There has never in any domestic establish- 
 ment of modern times been more perfect order, more syste- 
 matic conduct, more good behavior or more general good 
 will always prevailing. The first thing in the morning and 
 the last thing at night the family, guests and servants assem- 
 bled in the great parlor and engaged in prayer, the invoca- 
 tion being first by one, then another, none being barred on 
 
THE MORMON CHURCH. 37 
 
 account of age or sex except in the case of the very young, 
 and it was much the same at the meals. Cleanliness in every- 
 thing was rigidly observed, and each family, living by itself 
 in its own apartments at all other times, was comfortably if 
 not elegantly provided for. Stories used to be wafted abroad 
 to the effect that the women were jealous, that the children 
 quarreled and that the husband and father at such and even 
 at other times was harsh if not cruel in his demeanor to- 
 ward them. No greater falsehood was ever circulated, and 
 this is saying a good deal. From personal observation as 
 well as abundant other evidence, I say most unequivocally 
 that there never was a kinder, more impartial man to his 
 family; indeed, he was rather given to indulging them over 
 much. 
 
 Brigham Young's greatness of organization, leadership 
 and administration cannot be comprehended in a thought or 
 even several thoughts. What he did and what he accom- 
 plished together with the circumstances surrounding his 
 efforts must first be analyzed and understood. Look at the 
 subject in this way: It is an easy matter to get and hold com- 
 panies together so long as immediate gain is the incentive 
 and the promise of and belief in this are kept up to the 
 necessary standard to feed the appetite of cupidity. But to 
 hold a large company of people together when no promises 
 are given, when the certainty of fatigue, danger and priva- 
 tion is ever present and always prominent, with nothing better 
 to hope for for a long time to come if at all; to pilot them 
 into the most unknown, forbidding and dangerous places on 
 the continent and cause them to bear somewhat cheerfully 
 their burdens; to be able to "silence growling mutiny or bold 
 revolt" when, through some unforeseen and unavoidable cir- 
 cumstance a misfortune occurs; to keep such a surveillance 
 over details that nothing escapes attention, whether on the 
 road, in camp or at the final stopping place; to so supervise 
 matters in the new community that order will spring out of 
 chaos, that those who have may properly invest it and those 
 
38 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 who have not may be put in the way of getting; to be a 
 solace to the afflicted, a comfort to the oppressed, a guide to 
 the bewildered, a menace to the wayward and a source of 
 
 THE PIONEER MONUMENT AND BRIGHAM YOUNG'S STATUE. 
 
 discipline, regularity and propriety to all to be and do these 
 in the midst of such circumstances means to be a statesman 
 and a benefactor whose name and fame are secure for all 
 time. 
 
THE MORMON CHURCH. 39- 
 
 The great leader was by no means an educated man and 
 vet he was far from being an ignorant one, and he estab- 
 lished as well as encouraged schools of all grades to the 
 fullest extent of the possibilities. He was not an orator, yet 
 when animated or provoked, words of appropriateness and 
 power fell from his lips in a torrent, the listener being held 
 as in a spell. He was acquisitive to a marked degree, but 
 was not penurious or at all lacking in genuine generosity. 
 Even if Mormonism had not found and held him, he would 
 have been a man of mark, a leader, a commander perhaps in 
 whatever community his fortunes had been cast. He could 
 not have been kept in the ranks anywhere. He was born 
 June i, 1801, at Whitingham, Vt.,and died August 29, 1877, 
 at Salt Lake City. 
 
 A lecture on this subject by the writer was published in 
 condensed form in \hejuvenile Instructor of September i5th 
 and October ist, 1897. The following extract therefrom, be- 
 ing somewhat of a personal tribute, will be a fitting conclu- 
 sion to this chapter: 
 
 His is one of the names that live and grow on and on 
 with the years, while all of them that is mortal reposes be- 
 neath the sod. It is only when we contemplate the character 
 and the fullness of one's work in the light of its results to 
 succeeding generations that we realize how great and good, 
 or the reverse, such work was, and by reason of this the 
 present generation is able to form a more comprehensive 
 estimate of Brigham Young's achievements and personal 
 worth than could the generation in which he lived. The 
 master mind, the iron will, the undaunted soul, the pioneer- 
 ing instinct and the religious zeal by means of which civiliza- 
 tion was planted and the State reared on this soil were all 
 marked features of the wonderful man. At the head of a 
 band containing men and women of different minds, inclina- 
 tions and instincts, all more or less unseasoned to the rigors 
 of such a journey as lay before them, all previously in pos- 
 session of the necessary things and many of the comforts of 
 
40 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 % 
 
 life and therefore the victims now and then of despondency, 
 discouragement and weakness, he was at all times, in all 
 places and under all circumstances equal to every emergency. 
 Wnether infusing new hope into one of the faint-hearted by 
 means of cheering words, adding strength to the weary by 
 example and precept, strengthening by his testimony the 
 faith of those who through hunger and other suffering had 
 became disheartened, quelling any discontent that manifested 
 itself in words and acts by such sternness as the occasion 
 demanded, or infusing new courage into those who needed 
 it by his own intrepid and dauntless manner, in every vicissi- 
 tude he never forgot his position, never abated one jot of his 
 native dignity, and never failed in his purpose. He was a 
 guide whose unerring leadership was not the result of ex- 
 perience, but of inspiration; a shepherd whose flock never 
 strayed or broke apart, not because of constant watching, 
 driving or threatening, but by reason of that masterful power 
 of imparting organization and cohesiveness which was his 
 natural heritage; a general who even made the savages 
 of the desert allies rather than enemies. With a breadth of 
 view and comprehensiveness of the whole situation which but 
 few possessed and fewer still would exercise, he caused his 
 people to become husbandmen at once, to the exclusion of 
 other immediate pursuits. Realizing that the words of 
 George Washington, that "agriculture is the most useful, the 
 most honorable and the most healthful occupation of man" 
 were true but still only a part of the truth so far as related 
 to the Pioneers, it became their imperative duty to provide 
 first for the inner man, and let the outer man be a subsequent 
 consideration. Hunger must be assuaged before any other 
 means of yielding comfort to the human animal are attended 
 to, because prolonged hunger means death in lingering tor- 
 ments, and any phase of it such discomfort that the victim is 
 more or less disqualified for the time being from doing any- 
 thing beyond appeasing his appetite. What mattered it to 
 that hardy, determined band that the surrounding hills, silent 
 
THE MORMON CHURCH. 41 
 
 and frowning in their awful majesty, were the repositories of 
 incalculable treasures of gold, silver and precious gems? 
 These could not be eaten or worn, nor could their possession 
 be of the slightest assistance, because there was nothing to 
 buy with them. The other storehouses of nature must be 
 appealed to and relied on, for therein lay the only hope of res- 
 cue from the unseen but still ever present hand of the de- 
 stroyer. To have gone hunting precious metals, or do ^any- 
 thing other than what was done break up the virgin soil and 
 plant that physical aliment might follow would have been 
 but to meet the destruction which was ever ready and willing 
 to come without being met. And yet many men, even under 
 such circumstances, knowing or believing that in the great 
 upheavals of the West were mineral deposits of vast value, 
 and that they were surrounded by them on all sides, would 
 have acted differently. So great is the disposition in a. ma- 
 jority of the race of man to acquire wealth more rapidly and 
 abundantly than by patient toil, that they seldom consider that 
 mere possessions are not of necessity riches that only those 
 things in life which sustain or add to its comfort and happi- 
 ness constitute real values. The possession of all the glitter- 
 ing gold, the blazing silver and the sparkling stones repos- 
 ing fn the rocky breasts of our mountains would not have 
 made the Pioneers wealthy under such circumstances; let the 
 agricultural basis be first established upon a firm and stead- 
 fast footing, and then such possessions would add to their 
 wealth, but not otherwise; and realizing this, Brigham did not 
 encourage the mining industry until, with fertile fields in every 
 valley and bounteous gardens in every settlement, the people 
 were placed beyond the reach of famine. So soon as all had 
 enough and to spare, when they were able to flank the fields 
 of golden metal with fields of golden grain and exchange 
 some of one for some of the other without imperiling the 
 household, the opposition to mining began to wane and finally 
 not only disappeared altogether, but was encouraged. Cannot 
 the wayfarer, even though a fool, realize how statesmanlike 
 
42 UTAH AS IT JS. 
 
 such a policy has shown itself to be? As a plain matter of 
 fact, the indisputable demonstrations of which appear on every 
 hand, Brigham Young was not opposed to anything that had 
 a tendency to advance, improve or upbuild mankind; more, 
 he was heartily in favor of such things and gave them not 
 only his moral but his material support. He was a friend to 
 advancement so long as it was along moral and beneficial 
 lines, but opposed to it when it led to or accompanied vice or 
 crime. So far from looking upon the advent of the Pacific 
 railway, with the non-Mormon accessions which it would 
 surely bring, with disfavor or regret, he gave it every en- 
 couragement in his power, and when it was determined that 
 it should leave the metropolis of Utah far to the south, where- 
 by great losses to itself and inconvenience to the people would 
 result, his was the first voice raised to have an independent 
 road constructed by means of which the principal city of the 
 commonwealth would be in close touch with the great artery 
 of commerce whose construction the Pioneers had advanced 
 by their presence here fully a quarter of a century. He 
 hailed the coming of the Pacific telegraph with unfeigned 
 delight and forwarded its construction in more ways than one. 
 There be those in this life who will see no good if there 
 is anything else to see. Such will see no beauty in the rose 
 because it is associated with thorns, and find the face of the 
 glorious god of day to be unbecoming because now and then 
 appear blotches on it. In a life filled with great achieve- 
 ments, accomplished for the most part in spite of discourage- 
 ments and temporary reverses, such people can discern 
 nothing creditable if the person be human with a measure of 
 human frailties. They admit, since they have to, that Brig- 
 ham Young led the Pioneer band across an unknown desert 
 into a barren land, kept them together and maintained a 
 watch over their welfare until they became more prosperous 
 and happier than in the place from which they had been ban- 
 ished; but this all counts for nothing "He was, after all,' r 
 they say, "a despot who ruled with a rod of iron, a fanatic 
 
THE MORMON CHURCH. 43 
 
 who could not separate religion from the ordinary affairs of 
 life." Very well; suppose we concede this for the time being. 
 Men's minds are not directed nor their actions controlled in 
 great emergencies by those who assume to lead without quali- 
 ties of leadership, and there can be no leadership without the 
 presence of a large quantity of iron in the soul; this makes a 
 man stern when sternness is required, immovable when all 
 around him is wavering, unshaken in the presence of Timor- 
 ous and Mistrust. In other words, such quality sets him in 
 opposition to the weakling, the faint-hearted, the dissident 
 and the adversary, and enables him to overcome one and all, 
 thus accomplishing the general object originally sought. 
 Anything less than this would fail, and with such failure the 
 cornmon cause would go down; and the exercise of such 
 power is what the world calls despotism tyranny, even. This 
 is a grievous thing when wielded by such as Nero, Caligula 
 or Marat, but a grand thing when the means by which results 
 beneficial to mankind are wrested from the unwilling hands of 
 nature. Those who were able to work had to do their fair 
 proportion; the dishonest were summarily dealt with; to the 
 criminal was meted out a biblical measure of punishment; and 
 those who practiced immorality were given the option of go- 
 ing away or plying their vocation at their peril. These rules 
 were not like some of the laws on our statute books today 
 they were not written at all, as a matter of fact but they were 
 enforced. The fanaticism complained of conceived them, the 
 despotism to which objection is made enforced them. A tree 
 is to be judged by its fruit, and were not the objectionable 
 qualities pointed out as characteristics of Brigham Young 
 more beneficial to our race and more advantageous to our 
 time than anything else could possibly have been in the pres- 
 ence of such circumstances as surrounded him and his peo- 
 ple? I reiterate a less determined man must have failed ig- 
 nominiously at every point; he failed at no point and at no 
 time, and we are in full possession of the benefits resulting 
 from his success. Is it not the part of gratitude, if not of 
 
44 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 justice, to consider this and let the rest go, if there be any 
 "rest" to consider? 
 
 No bright auguries attended the birth, no sibyls issued 
 weird predictions and no unusual demonstrations on the earth 
 or in the air denoted the advent of the man Brigham Young. 
 There was no horoscope cast, no prefigurement by mystic 
 lore as to what he was to be and what he was to do. But it 
 was all forecast and the work which began when he began 
 could not have had its beginning without him. The preces- 
 sion of the equinoxes was not disturbed, the diurnal rotations 
 of the earth went on without a jar, there was no commotion 
 in the solar system as it revolves within itself and speeds upon 
 the wings of light upon its limitless course through the 
 depths of space, when he or any one else of mortal clay 
 was born; but shall we not say that some bright, particular 
 star hovers over and directs the course of each and every one 
 whose career shapes the destinies of so many of his race and 
 makes and unmakes the lines which separate states and na- 
 tions? We read and understand that the shepherds \vere 
 guided to the lowly manger where unswathed lay the Infant 
 whose mission then unfolded and unknown was the redemp- 
 tion and restoration of mankind; and why. in the light of 
 present knowledge and surrounding circumstances, may we 
 not look backward through the vista of years and see shining 
 brightly over the birthplace of Brigham Young, not a star 
 leading to Divinity, but one proceeding from it the star 
 whose majestic sweep was first from the foetid and despotic 
 dynasties beyond the sea, then from the crowded seaboard to 
 the open and inviting valleys of the West, thence along a hid- 
 den trail which only the eye of inspiration could discern, 
 across trackless wastes to the future corner-stone of civiliza- 
 tion past the dome of the American continent! It was the 
 STAR OF EMPIRE which arose upon and hovered over him 
 till his work was done, the sway of enlightenment established, 
 the darkness and dreariness of the past banished forever from 
 the haunts of men. The time came and he came. New light, 
 
THE MORMON CHURCH. 
 
 45 
 
 new measures must come upon the earth, so the unseen but 
 all-controlling power swung aside the gates behind which 
 from the dawn of our race was held in restraint the new era; 
 and as the clouds uplifted, the mists dispersed, and a glimpse 
 of the far-off land appeared before the restless, wondering 
 gaze of mankind, the question arose Who shall dare to lead 
 us to it, who will make the pathway and establish the haven 
 of safety at the end? The angel of Destiny answered, placing 
 her hand upon his head, saying: "He is here; this is the man. 
 He is lowly and obscure; but it is such as he that the God of 
 Nations singles out and lifts up to fight the battles and subdue 
 the terrors of nature. He will lead you to the promised land 
 in safety and establish there the structure wherein life, liberty 
 and the pursuit of happiness shall find an abiding place for- 
 evermore." 
 
 THE LAST BESTING PLACE. 
 
SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES 
 
 PRETTY HARD LIVING. 
 
 r I A HE want of proper food was, as it always is, a source of 
 * great discontent and great discomfort. Such things as 
 "square meals" were not to be thought of, at least they were 
 not to be had. To give an idea of how poorly the Pioneers 
 fared for two or three years. I will here reproduce a bill of 
 fare for a Sunday dinner late in 1847. It must be borne in 
 mind that this was an exceptionally good meal; for ordinary 
 occasions several of these items would not appear: 
 
 MENU. 
 
 Soup Puree of Bacon and Greens. 
 
 Fish Boiled Sucker, a la Jordan. 
 
 Game Ragout of Jack Rabbit. 
 
 Entrees Bacon, Greens, Mountain Air. 
 
 Removes Hardtack and Flapjacks, with Jokes. 
 
 Fruit Service berries and Segoes. 
 Wine Adam's Ale, vin de City Creek. 
 
 Let those who so frequently open a meal with the query: 
 "Is there nothing fit to eat in the place?" and they are quite 
 numerous look over the above array and then hold their 
 peace; and, as previously suggested, it was an unusually fine 
 one, too. Greens were the staple, with bacon when any could 
 be got, but quite frequently without. Even with the season- 
 ing, they must have become a trifle monotonous after a while. 
 
SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES. 47 
 
 Bacon and greens are sometimes a decided luxury, nearly 
 always so when their visits are measurably restricted; but to 
 have them fifty to a hundred times in succession would, I 
 should think, blunt the keenest appetite for such delicacies. 
 Nowadays, people have nothing worth naming unless they 
 can waste more than some of the Pioneers used at a meal. 
 Tempora mutantur, etc. 
 
 The fish item in the bill of fare reminds me that fishing 
 in the Jordan used to be not only great sport but combined 
 usefulness with it. This is a wonderful stream, being one of 
 the most treacherous on earth, and thereby the cause of many 
 deaths. It is somewhat muddy all the year round, except late 
 in the spring, when it proudly distinguishes itself by being 
 muddier than ever. Suckers and chubs of good size abounded, 
 and occasionally a trout was hooked and borne away in tri- 
 umph. Nowadays a person has time to think over most of his 
 sins before getting a bite, but then the markets are now well 
 stocked, and there is plenty of money to buy fish with some- 
 where. 
 
 More attention was bestowed upon the young crops than 
 anything else, and properly so. They meant everything in a 
 temporal sense to the State builders, and were never too 
 abundant even with the most untiring care. In the summer 
 of 1848 a number of men among whom was Apostle Parley 
 P. Pratt, whose alliterative name was extended by the titles of 
 prophet, priest and poet, and who was subsequently assassin- 
 ated in Arkansas were hoeing and in various ways encourag- 
 ing the growth of corn at a spot near where the grand City and 
 County building now stands. The stalks were few and far 
 between, and from the descriptions must have made a person 
 think of home and friends to look at them. They were dying 
 for want of rain, and upon them was the dependence for bread 
 for a year to come. Something must be done. All at once 
 the Apostle said: "Brethren, I move that we have rain!" The 
 motion was seconded by Albert Dewey, and carried. At 
 once a cloud no larger than a man's hand arose on the hori- 
 
48 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 zon; it grew and spread, and in less than an hour the party 
 were huddled under a wagon for shelter from the downpour. 
 It came in torrents, and notwithstanding the shelter every one 
 of the party went home soaked, but no one complained of 
 that for an instant. The crops grew fast and matured finely; 
 the people were saved. 
 
 To the unorthodox mind which may receive with some 
 credence this true recital, there will be but one expression 
 regarding the circumstance that it was a singular coinci- 
 dence. The writer has his own idea regarding it, but suffice 
 it to say that it occurred and substantially as herein stated. It 
 was not, however, the only rescue from starvation by many. 
 One more notable and general was a year later, when the 
 growing grain was threatened by vast armies of voracious 
 crickets. They had not long practiced their depredations 
 when large flocks of sea-gulls dawned upon the scene, 
 pounced upon the predatory insects and devoured them with 
 
 THE MOTION CARHIED. 
 
SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES. 49 
 
 great rapidity, not ceasing in their work till the menace was 
 abated. Perhaps this was a coincidence, too. We are all 
 familiar with the old chestnut of how Rome was saved by 
 geese; but I hope this little recital of Utah being saved by sea- 
 gulls may be a new thing to at least a few readers. 
 
 At this point it is proper to say that the seagull is a sa- 
 cred bird in Utah, having been fully and deservedly protected 
 by law. It is a crime severely punishable to kill one of them, 
 and they seem to be aware of it, for they never show the 
 timidity or alarm of other birds when approached by the 
 
 HOME OF UTAH'S SACRED BIRD-HAT ISLAND, IN THE GREAT SALT LAKE. 
 
 human animal. Indeed, the gull will follow with impunity in 
 the wake of the plowman, right at his heels, and devour the 
 worms which the furrows turn up. What a grateful, for- 
 bearing creature is man when the law compels him to be! 
 
 Thus the people worried along and held on in the midst 
 of their discouragements, and discouraged they must have 
 been at times "hard and plenty." Asking for bread and re- 
 ceiving a stone is a performance that soon tells upon the 
 strongest and most courageous, so that now and then one who 
 
50 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 had endured faithfully up to that time fell by the way and 
 passed to the rear. The great body, however, were by no 
 means swayed, but if anything were bound more firmly to- 
 gether and made more determined by the repeated and long- 
 continued hardships. We all know how difficult it is to 
 reason with hungry people; the hunger will assert itself to the 
 exclusion of other considerations, and if there is any yield, 
 bend or break in a man it will assuredly show itself when he 
 becomes ravenous through prolonged fasting and the flesh- 
 pots of Egypt are promised him if he will only go to Egypt. 
 Some idea of the steadfastness of the colonizers of Utah can 
 therefore be had by considering the condition of things pre- 
 vailing until the community numbered thousands, and out of 
 these not to exceed a baker's dozen gave up the ship! 
 
 It began to look as if the people were to become inured 
 to all kinds of hard times before being permitted to enjoy any- 
 thing in the line of good ones, and so it proved to be. One 
 misfortune, to paraphrase "Hamlet," trod upon another's 
 heels, so fast they came. Yet there was not as much com- 
 plaining as there is today, with abundance prevailing on every 
 hand and comfort smiling from all corners. The indurating 
 experiences of the people bound them together and kept ever 
 before them the sacred compact by which their life-work was 
 gauged and directed, just as luxuriousness and possessions 
 have tended to loosen up and cause a drifting apart in many 
 instances. 
 
 It was a long time before there was enough even of 
 breadstuffs to enable the people to look upon their situation 
 with entire complacency and confidence, and until that time 
 came there were many sorrowful and doubtless some terrible 
 occasions. During one of those years, when destitution in the 
 matter of food supply was so nearly reached that it seemed 
 as if the famine of '48 were to be gone over again, Pres- 
 ident Young came to the rescue in a manner so effective and 
 yet so quiet that it is doubtful if the reader has ever heard of 
 it. (I gain this information from the President's steward-in- 
 
SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES. 51 
 
 chief at that time, H. G. Park, now proprietor of the Manitou 
 Hotel in this city, who alone was made the means of 
 carrying out the plan.) It was already a time of the great- 
 est scarcity, but a look-ahead eye could see that the worst was 
 to come. There was still some little flour for sale, but it was 
 held at such prices that, so far as the majority were con- 
 cerned, it might as well have no existence at all. It was then 
 that the President told Mr. Park to take some money with 
 which he was then entrusted, buy up all the flour he could 
 find for sale and put it away in a safe place, and whenever a 
 case of actual want came to his notice to relieve it at once 
 without pay. Not a pound was to be sold by him at any 
 price, and no family or member of one the President's own 
 not excepted was to be favored more than any other under 
 similar circumstances. By this means much suffering was 
 averted, perhaps in some cases starvation itself was kept at 
 bay. 
 
 MONEY AND TRADE. 
 
 WHILE the object of the Pioneers and those who came 
 here soon after the first settlement was made was not the 
 pursuit of wealth nor partaking in any sense of the nature 
 of speculation, it still followed that transactions between man 
 and man must prevail to some extent. This grows into 
 trade, trade into business establishments, and out of it all 
 commercial regularity in one form or another to an extent 
 governed by circumstances is brought into existence. While 
 at the first, and to a diminishing extent later on, this may 
 be carried on by means of barter and trade, yet there must 
 in all cases come a time when all such systems must be found 
 too burdensome and slow and some form of money be used 
 to effect exchanges with. The Pioneers brought but little 
 cash with them, practically none at all. There were two 
 reasons for this they were coming to a place where there 
 
52 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 was nothing to be bought, so it could not do them much 
 good, and having to leave their property without compensa- 
 tion as a general thing, their earthly possessions did not 
 include large quantities of anything in particular, especially 
 money. They were going into the business of empire-build- 
 ing a "long ways from anywhere," with no other means of 
 transportation than their wagons, teams and ability to walk, 
 and with no other capital than what would remain when the 
 journey was completed, their endless perseverance, their 
 splendid energy, their dauntless faith, and the soil upon 
 which they settled. The small quantities of coin, even if 
 put into general circulation, could not have accomplished 
 much, but we may readily understand that not a great deal 
 of the aggregate amount was allowed to escape; being sur- 
 rounded by such circumstances as made other things of 
 more consequence, it was just as well to let the shining pieces 
 remain where they were until the time came when it would 
 be advantageous to bring them forth. This time, compared 
 with the conditions which they had previously known, must 
 have seemed very long, but it came of course. 
 
 Improved circumstances necessarily meant an increased 
 demand for the coinage of the realm or something in lieu 
 thereof, so that values might be transferred without having 
 to receive corresponding values, but merely the tokens rep- 
 resenting such values, in return. Understanding full well 
 that in the love of money lies the chief source of evil, the 
 people also comprehended. that a sufficiency of the article to 
 go around and simplify things was many degrees removed 
 from evil. 
 
 It is not known to many, but is a fact notwithstanding, 
 that the first coinage of the precious metals on the Pacific 
 coast was not accomplished at either Sacramento or Carson, 
 but at Salt Lake City. Returning members of the Mormon 
 Battalion had brought small bags of "dust" (nuggets) with 
 them from California, which, together with some few desul- 
 tory finds in the neighborhood, had made the ruddy metal 
 
SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES. 
 
 53 
 
 tolerably plentiful for a time. But passing particles of gold 
 from hand to hand as a means of effecting exchanges was a 
 rather clumsy performance and necessitated the carrying or 
 of having conveniently at hand a pair of scales with which to 
 fix the quantity. So it was determined to establish a mint 
 for local purposes exclusively, in which nothing in the simil- 
 itude of Uncle Sam's coinage should be brought forth, but 
 
 without alloy 
 ferent de- 
 stamped with 
 the metal 
 con ta ined. 
 made 
 
 were 
 
 merelypieces 
 bearing dif- 
 vices and 
 the value of 
 which they 
 
 The first dies FIRST COINAGE OF THE WEST. 
 by John Kay, and consisted of $2.50, $5 and $10 denomina- 
 tions, but the work was so inartistically performed that it 
 was deemed best to have something better, whereupon a 
 set of dies was constructed by J. M. Barlow, whose product 
 was pronounced excellent, and which was kept up until or- 
 dered discontinued by Governor Cummings. An accurate 
 picture of these coins appears herewith. 
 
 The constantly increasing pilgrimage of Argonauts in 
 real life to California had an excellent effect in the direction 
 of circulating the money of the country among the people. 
 It should be understood that at first the difficulties of the 
 overland trip, added to its great duration, caused the Pacific 
 coast business to be divided with the ship lines via the Isth- 
 mus of Panama, which was longer both in point of time and 
 distance traversed but was less irksome and freer from dan- 
 gers such as loomed up or existed insidiously along the trans- 
 continental trails. Naturally, for a time, the great bulk of 
 the trade was by the water route; but with the increasing 
 and spreading knowledge of the splendidly equipped "half- 
 way house" which the Mormons had established, with its 
 ramifications constantly extending in every direction, and the 
 certainty of being able to cut the overland journey in two by 
 making Salt Lake the objective point to begin with, where 
 
54 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 rest, recruiting and a new equipment could be had. there 
 came a change. The ship routes began to fall off as the 
 wagon roads gained, and the increased traffic in the midst of 
 the people hereabout was a matter of course. For a com- 
 munity composed of a lot of exiles who began business with- 
 out capital in the midst of the American desert to be a 
 competitor of the great ship transportation companies oper- 
 ating in the full flush of all manner of civilization, and a 
 successful competitor at that, is one of the funniest things, 
 when it is fully considered, I ever heard of. Mark Twain 
 tells about being mired in the Platte on an overland stage, 
 and extrication for sometime seemed very doubtful; he then 
 wondered if, after having made two trips in safety across the 
 Atlantic ocean and countless numbers of them on the Missis- 
 sippi, he was destined at last to drown in the heart of a great 
 desert! The humor of the thing proceeds from the same 
 source in either case the contrasts whicn varying nature sur- 
 rounds her children with. 
 
 Well, there was for a time an abundance of cash, but 
 the volume declined as the overland traffic fell off. correspond- 
 ing with the gradual shortening of the gold supply in Califor- 
 nia and the increasing influx ot people there. But the hardest 
 part of the situation was past, and with the assistance derived 
 the people could manage to get along very well. 
 
 ORIGINAL ABORIGINAL INCIDENTS. 
 
 FOR a long time the Indians were peaceable, even friendly,' 
 and it may be readily comprehended that this state of things 
 was encouraged to the utmost. Undoubtedly the knowledge 
 on the part of the savages that the invaders had improved fire- 
 arms which they knew how to use and always kept their 
 powder dry had its effect; but it was not altogether owing to 
 this by any means. President Young's policy and that of 
 
SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES. 55 
 
 nearly all the Pioneers from the start was to be prepared 
 always for any possible outbreak, but never to be the aggres- 
 sors, never to deceive or defraud the Indians, and always to 
 treat them with as much kindness and liberality as circum- 
 stances would permit. What the red men lack in the matter 
 of scholastic attainments they make up for in native instinct, 
 this in some cases amounting to a discernment and comprehen- 
 sion of things which are actually wonderful; so they were not 
 long in discovering that all white people were not alike, that 
 their new neighbors did not come among them to kill, or 
 harass, or steal, or introduce bad habits, and above all that the 
 strangers did not relv exclusively upon their firearms nor 
 superior death-dealing capacity for protection. No; the Pio- 
 neers only wanted as much of the possessors' estate as could 
 be used properly and profitably, and as the latter had no 
 earthly use for it it being destitute of the better kind-s of 
 game and altogether unproductive without labor there was 
 for a time not even a remonstrance against the new situation. 
 Thus things went along for some time. While emigrant trains 
 other than those of the Mormons were compelled to run the 
 gauntlet almost every mile after leaving the ' Missouri river, 
 while they were watched continually, whether aware of it or 
 not, their stock stolen at every opportunity, and one or more 
 and some times all of a company murdered and mutilated, the 
 Mormons almost invariably got through without serious 
 trouble of any kind, losing but little property and no lives at 
 all from the cause named for a long time. 
 
 While it is true that the Indians were and have ever re- 
 mained on terms of amity with the Mormons as a rule, there 
 have been some exceptions, but not many; when the indis- 
 criminate barbarity of the savages, as shown in the massacre 
 in 1854 f tne Gunnison party who had uniformly treated 
 them kindly is considered, this condition of things becomes 
 little less than wonderful. It is also true that the Indians 
 fought each other the different tribes, of course with a con- 
 tinuity and zest worthy a better cause. The placid demeanor 
 
56 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 which the white people maintained when listening to a recital 
 of a battle between the hostiles, in which several had fallen to 
 rise no more, is suggestive of an incident which occurred 
 many years later, when the Union Pacific Railway was in 
 process of construction. At Green River one of the working 
 parties precipitated a riot which became general; firearms 
 were used, some few were killed and many injured more or 
 less severely. In a terror-stricken condition the telegraph 
 operator who seems to have been about the only non-com- 
 batant on the ground rushed to his key and sent a message 
 to the superintendent of construction at Omaha, saying: "A 
 riot going on here. The road workmen are shooting and 
 killing each other. What shall I do?" In a few minutes this 
 answer and no other was returned: "Encourage the killing 
 all you can." 
 
 During the cricket plague previously spoken of, the pests 
 were gathered by the bagful, dried and ground into meal by 
 the Indians, out of which a bread (said to be) quite nutritious 
 and palatable was made. Anyway, the red brethren enjoyed 
 it, and if they didn't get fat on it, it was doubtless for the rea- 
 son that it is a difficult matter to fatten an Indian. In company 
 with his fellow vandal the grasshopper, the cricket still plies 
 his unholy vocation, but not on as grand a scale as formerly. 
 There is no immediate prospect of their extinction, either; for, 
 since the Indians have found out that white peoples' bread is 
 preferable and can be had as a general thing with no greater 
 exertion than asking for it (which none of them has the 
 slightest hesitancy regarding), they have almost entirely 
 abandoned cricket cakes and grasshopper stews, and as a 
 natural result about the only diminution that befalls the de- 
 stroyers is such as is wrought by those who raise the other 
 kind of breadstuffs. 
 
 The first recorded troubles with the natives occurred 
 during the fall of 1849. Provo had but recently been estab- 
 lished, the ground and stream on which it was situated being 
 (claimed as) the property of a tribe or band known as the 
 
SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES. 57 
 
 Timpanogas, and these as a body had never consented to the 
 occupation. Their chiefs (Sowiette and Walker), however, 
 ha'd not only tolerated the proceeding but extended an invita- 
 tion to the whites to come. It is easy to understand how such 
 a situation created friction and this increased from time to 
 time. Walker's enmity and treachery were constantly in evi- 
 dence, and he had now an aider and abettor in the person of 
 a chief called Elk. The Indians stole whatever they could 
 get hold of, becoming bolder as time advanced, and not in- 
 frequently firing upon those who were at times compelled to 
 be in exposed places. At last an engagement took place at a 
 point just east of where the town of Pleasant Grove now is, 
 the stream on which it occurred acquiring the name of Battle 
 Creek, which was straining the proprieties a little, as the en- 
 counter was hardly a "battle;" it was, however, considerable 
 of a fight, especially for those days, and resulted in the defeat 
 and rout of the natives, who were commanded rather indif- 
 ferently, one would think by Chief Roman Nose. This 
 name was of necessity a gift of the white interloper, as the 
 red men knew of none of our distinctions regarding the nasal 
 organ and had of course never heard of Rome, Romans or 
 Roman characteristics in all their lives. Five of his men were 
 slain and several wounded; the whites, under Colonel John 
 Scott, suffered no injuries whatever. 
 
 In accordance with the confessional of some of the 
 Christian sects, the Indians have done many things they 
 should not have done and left undone some things they should 
 have done, and the white transgressor is not responsible for 
 all of it. For example, the untutored savage can give the 
 white despoiler cards, spades and an ace or two and then beat 
 him at lying anywhere and stealing when on or near his own 
 heather. He has a natural appetite for liquor which he as- 
 suages whenever the opportunity is presented, whereby both 
 the Government and the State have found it necessary to en- 
 act stringent measures involving severe penalties against 
 letting Indians have intoxicants of any kind; and he smoked 
 
58 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 before he ever beheld a white transgressor. He is also no 
 slouch at card gambling where experience has been had. but 
 his perennial impecuniosity except where kept in surveil- 
 lance and at work, as on Government reservations or in little 
 communities adjacent to and overseen by the whites has 
 more than anything else perhaps been the means of cutting 
 him out of a record in that always flourishing industry. 
 
 The Indian is cunning and his proneness to deception 
 helps him in this respect, but when candid he is apt to be 
 brutally so, as witness: A romantic young woman who might 
 have been brought up within the precincts of classic Boston 
 and whose conception of the noble red man had been ob- 
 tained from Fennimore Cooper's works, Longfellow's 
 "Hiawatha" and similar publications met her first Indian face to 
 face while visiting friends in the far and (to her) uncivilized 
 West. The specimen was a healthy-looking, good-sized 
 buck, well appearing as Indians go and not so dirty as most 
 of them, and on his face there appeared from the midst of the 
 paint and clay an expression of care and pain. The maiden 
 turned loose on him in this gushing style "Alas, noble scion 
 of the forest, have you wandered from your home to visit 
 again the haunts once all your own but now usurped by the 
 ruthless vandals who have despoiled you? Does it not afford 
 you gloomy satisfaction to once more look upon the landscape 
 now defiled and breathe anew the air now made noisome by 
 the oppressors of your race? Is that why you look so soul- 
 fully sad?" 
 
 The "noble scion" seemed to understand that she was 
 asking after his health but had not correctly diagnosed the 
 case, so with a grunt he replied in all his native dignity: 
 
 "Ugh, ugh! Too much drink whisky, too much eat sour 
 beans. Heap dam sick!" 
 
 I never learned what became of the girl, but hope noth- 
 ing serious befell her. 
 
 Shortly after the people had became domiciled here, a 
 begging squaw (some people heaven help them! claim 
 
SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES. 
 
 59 
 
 they have seen beautiful squaws), wandered to the doorway 
 of Bishop Edward Hunter, a portly Pioneer and one of the 
 best men that ever wore clothes. Having nothing else handy 
 he gave her a small piece of bacon, no doubt the first she had 
 ever had. The next morning his front yard was filled with 
 female Indians of all ages, sizes and, I was going to say, con- 
 ditions in life, but will not; the natives who have not yet been 
 contaminated by the invaders and brought into some degree 
 of usefulness have but one condition that of unceasing want. 
 
 NATIVE BEAUTIES, BIG AND LITTLE. 
 
 The cry from the assembled host at once went up "Bishop, 
 gimme little piece bacon!" Seeing what a big job he was up 
 against, the Bishop waved his hand deprecatingly and called 
 out with all the voice he could muster "Go 'way, squaw, go 
 'way!" which the squaws "to a man" refused to do until a 
 compromise was effected, this being on bread and flour. The 
 
60 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 practice holds to this day, the few prowlers that are left ex- 
 pecting rations at whatever domicile they happen to honor 
 with a call and seldom being disappointed, which is all right, 
 too. 
 
 Some thirty-five years ago the Navajoes occupying the 
 southern borders of Utah, concluding no doubt that the weak 
 and piping times of peace had been in vogue so long that they 
 were getting enervated, concluded to take the war-path, which 
 they inaugurated in the time-honored way by stealing all the 
 white people's stock they could find on the ranges. Some re- 
 sistance was made in places and the whites got the worst of 
 it. In one of the raids Dr. Whittemore of St. George was 
 killed and his body left where it fell upon the snow. Other 
 snowfalls completely concealed it and it was found only after 
 a wearisome search by a posse which went out for the pur- 
 pose. The men succeeded in regathering some of the stock 
 and with it a couple of young braves in charge. These were 
 separated for cross-examination. Getting an account of the 
 doctor's body from one, the rescuers then paid their respects 
 to the other. They began by saying "This other Indian has 
 told us all about this matter; now if you don't tell us the same 
 thing he did we will hang both of you." With the utmost 
 complacency the savage replied "All right, what did he say?" 
 Notwithstanding the seriousness of the situation, all hands had 
 to laugh. The body was recovered and a good deal of stock 
 recaptured, but there was "heaps of fighting" before it was 
 all over, in which James Andrus, now Bishop of St. George, 
 showed himself to be one of the most intrepid and sagacious 
 Indian fighters in the business. There were others; in fact, 
 nearly all the colonizers of that country showed that they could 
 as readily employ means to crush as to conciliate when the 
 latter failed, as it often did because of the natives construing it 
 as a sign of weakness or timidity. They learned better in time 
 in the costly school of experience. Of course they learned 
 slowly and not so well that no watchfulness and care have not 
 since been needed. Before subsiding, however, a gang of 
 
SOME EARLY EXPERIENCES. 61 
 
 them wantonly slew Franklin B. Woolley, at a point near the 
 Utah line and the Colorado river, in Arizona; he was re- 
 turning from Southern California with a load of goods, and 
 was a prominent, respected citizen. The tragedy occurred in 
 1869. Others took place about the same time, before and 
 after, among them the more than savage slaughter in Sanpete 
 of J. W. Vance and Heber Houtz; O. P. Miles and Nathan 
 Tanner, Jr., who were attacked at the same time, escaped. 
 To enumerate all such cases would be quite impossible. 
 
 For many years before the railroad reached Sanpete an 
 enterprising cattle thief and cut-throat named Black Hawk, at 
 the head of a band of native Boxers who differed from him in 
 rascality only in degree, made life for the whites a period of 
 unceasing watchfulness and anxiety, especially to travelers. 
 The people came nearer reproducing the practices of the Ply- 
 mouth Rock forefathers by taking muskets to church with 
 them than has been the case, perhaps, with any other part of 
 the West. When the dusky scoundrel previously spoken of 
 took a notion for a fresh supply of beef, mutton or what not, 
 if he could find enough outside the towns to satisfy him and 
 could add to his trophies a light-haired scalp or so, well and 
 good; otherwise he showed no false delicacy or overstrained 
 breeding in the matter, but just simply entered the nearest 
 town and levied tribute for what was required. It was gen- 
 erally forthcoming. The depredations of this prime agent of 
 old Satan and his band, if enumerated and detailed, would fill 
 a volume as large as this; and the suppression of the gang 
 was only effected after the peace policy had been abandoned 
 and fighting men were put upon his trail, which soon brought 
 him to terms, a suitor for peace. His greatness then became 
 a story of former days, but he made things lively, or deadly, 
 rather, for the people while it lasted. He numbered his 
 scalps by the hundred and his. stolen cattle by the thousand- 
 The command which did so much toward extinguishing his 
 career still maintains an organized existence as the Black 
 Hawk Veterans, although this was not their only service, and 
 
62 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 a right splendid body of men they are. Uncle Sam owes them 
 and others, along with the commonwealth, over a million dol- 
 lars on account of services rendered and damages through the 
 depredations of his wards. He receives the bill every now 
 and then with his blandest smile and shows on each occasion 
 that he is entirely willing to keep on owing it. 
 
 The Indians are known to Mormon history as Lamanites, 
 but even in his primeval estate (as set forth by the Book of 
 Mormon) he was blood-thirsty, cruel, crafty and, on the whole, 
 a thoroughly bad citizen. And yet he is to become "white 
 and delightsome," as we learn from authority not to be dis- 
 puted. It will be observed, however, that the word "white" 
 occurs before the other, and is beyond doubt a condition 
 precedent thereto. In the language of the song, "It ain't 
 going to happen this year." 
 
ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH. 
 
 THE STATE OF DESERET AND ITS EARLY 
 OFFICERS TERRITORY OF UTAH. 
 
 A PROVISIONAL State government with the previously 
 unheard-of name of Deseret was organized as soon as 
 there was enough cohesiveness at hand to do it with, and 
 there we mark the foundation stones of the commonwealth. 
 Naturally enough President Young became Governor Young; 
 Heber C. Kimball was Lieutenant Governor and Daniel H. 
 Wells Chief Justice. Quite a family party, this! However, 
 all hands participated in it, all were satisfied, and as the of- 
 ficials in their secular capacity did not have much to do, it 
 was not a difficult matter to carry the incidental honors and 
 still less to handle the salaries received, these amounting to (I 
 believe) the said honors, great expectations and the confidence 
 of the people. Few officials of that, this or any intervening 
 time were so well compensated, especially as relates to the 
 latter item. The State government was destined to have an 
 ephemeral career, for in the fall of 1850 an act organizing 
 the Territory of Utah got through Congress, and received 
 President Fillmore's signature, this being the response of the 
 Administration to the request for admission as a State for- 
 merly presented by special delegate A. W. Babbitt. The 
 President was, on the whole, a good man, whose sense of 
 justice was not allowed to become obscured or weakened be- 
 cause of his determination to rigidly enforce the laws; so he 
 continued Governor Young in office (with a salary at that!) 
 
64 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 but ''cleaned the platter" with tolerable thoroughness other- 
 wise, some of his judicial appointments being especially 
 objectionable. 
 
 To be altogether fair (which is what we all ought to aim 
 at continually and reach at least once in a while) the judiciary 
 in the early days here had pretty "hard sledding." It should 
 be remembered that districts were then magnificent only in 
 their distances. It sometimes required a long, laborious ride 
 through a rough, almost desolate region to reach the seat of 
 justice, and reaching it the accommodations were a long way 
 from being ample. The whole situation was saturated with 
 rawness and discomfort; added to which was the beggarly 
 salary paid $1800 per annum not so much as any first-class 
 lawyer could make even in those days at any place where 
 there was a nucleus of civilization, and this circumstance, 
 placing them as it did under a cloud, added somewhat to the 
 displeasure. Even as late as 1861, about which time the 
 writer had the honor of dawning upon the scene, there were 
 many things in life which must have been much more desir- 
 able than eking out a subsistence upon an income which had 
 already been cut into severely in the process of getting here, 
 carrying a certain percentage of dignity, being subjected to 
 the drawbacks previously spoken of, and being looked upon 
 as a third or fourth-rate lawyer; to deserve the latter, as may 
 have been the case now and then, was not the most encour- 
 aging feature of the case by any means. 
 
 L. G. Brandeberg was the first Chief Justice by appoint- 
 ment of the President. He carried himself for a while some- 
 what becomingly and made as good a record as could be 
 made where the materials were so meagre. It should be re- 
 membered that in the very early days there was but little 
 litigation and still less crime; while the former being largely 
 left to arbitration or to Bishops acting as magistrates, made 
 judicial proceedings, what few times they did occur, the near- 
 est possible thing to a barren idealty. Those who wanted to 
 go to court had the privilege and the opportunity; Uncle Sam 
 
ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH. 65 
 
 generously kept the temples of justice open and in running 
 order for that purpose, paying all expenses himself. There 
 were, however, so few who availed themselves of this open- 
 h inded generosity that the judges had as a rule more occasion 
 to illustrate Chesterfield than to expound Blackstone, and 
 from the force of inaction (or "non-user," to resort to legal 
 parlance) doubtless in some cases returned to the East poorer 
 lawyers than when they left it if such a thing were possible. 
 Brandeburg and Associate Justice Brocchus finally deserted 
 their posts, along with Territorial Secretary Harris, and 
 the trio wended their way to Washington, where they report- 
 ed in manner and form that the Mormons were a pretty hard 
 lot and extremely reticent in the matter of intercourse with 
 strangers. The Secretary was a man with a thrifty turn of 
 mind, so much so that when he bade Zion's populace adieu 
 and set his face toward the land of his fathers, some $24,000 
 that had been appropriated by Congress to pay the expenses 
 of the first Legislature accompanied him; also the great seal 
 of the Territory and such records as he had found time to 
 compile. "Eccentricities" of this kind were not so common 
 then as they have since become, and there was wonderment 
 thereat, followed by a mild form of indignation, this resulting 
 in an explanation to headquarters and a protest. Of course 
 the Government made it right, as it. has in (I believe) every 
 case in which public service was rendered at its request, ac- 
 tual or implied. 
 
 The severe experiences through which some of the 
 judges had to pass at times in reaching their respective head- 
 quarters and the difficulties encountered in making proceed- 
 ings conform to settled practice cannot be better illustrated 
 than by an incident which occurred at Beaver some years 
 after the circumstances previously narrated. In order that his 
 papers might be kept securely, a certain associate justice 
 kept them in his hat! This was of the "nail-keg" pattern, 
 and the space for keeping documents was therefore ample. 
 But one day, while proceeding to court and a high wind was 
 
66 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 blowing, an unusually severe blast swept the tile from the 
 judicial head and sent it scurrying along the street, scattering 
 the papers in various directions. A bench warrant w r hich his 
 honor intended to have served within the hour was found next 
 day reposing snugly in an alcove of a hay stack; a memoran- 
 dum of costs in a civil action was impaled upon the sharp 
 point of a quaking asp pole in a wood pile; and a subpcena 
 duces tecum commanding the one addressed to appear in 
 court at a certain time and have with him then and there cer- 
 tain books and documents, was sent hurtling along the State 
 road in the direction of Beaver river and was seen no more. 
 
 SNAIL-PACED COMMUNICATION A CONTRAST. 
 
 GOVERNOR YOUNG was not the onlyMormon to hold office 
 under the new deal by any means. At the same time that his 
 appointment was made, the late Zerubbabel Snow was given 
 the position of Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, Seth 
 M. Blair became United States Attorney and Joseph L. Hey- 
 wood United States Marshal. All the other officials were 
 importations. Judge Snow narrowly escaped being one, hav- 
 ing a short time previous to his entrance upon official life and 
 settling down in Utah been a "Buckeye," as Ohio people are 
 sometimes called, greatly to their dislike. This was a very 
 fair allotment of the official loaves and fishes; in the light of 
 the system that obtained soon after and was kept up till Pres- 
 ident Harrison's administration, it was amazingly fair. It got 
 to be a case of "no Mormon need apply," and not only this, 
 but no resident either. The rule was departed from occa- 
 sionally, but not often enough to excite wonder or much com- 
 ment. 
 
 It is a well understood fact that conditions and circum- 
 stances often prevail in our midst without our knowing or 
 even suspecting anything of the kind. We observe the es- 
 
ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH. 67 
 
 caping steam of an engine's whistle at some distance quite a 
 while before hearing the whistle, because the waves of air 
 transport appearances more rapidly than they do sound. It 
 was the case that the people of Utah were invested with a Ter- 
 ritorial form of government some time before they were aware 
 of it. A more vivid contrast with present or recent condi- 
 tions than such an incident could scarcely be imagined. The 
 information first came by a party of Mormons, who had just 
 returned from Southern California. This was in January, 
 1851, the organic act having been approved on the pth of 
 September previously only four months! Even then there 
 was no official communication, on the subject; it was read by 
 one of the party in a New York paper which had reached 
 California via the Isthmus of Panama; so that the news in 
 reaching Utah from Washington had traveled first, to New 
 York; thence down the Atlantic coast a thousand miles or 
 more, gradually swinging outward upon the broad bosom of 
 the Atlantic, passing the West Indies to the East and then 
 into and across the Caribbean sea, which brought it to the 
 eastern side of the Isthmus; then overland across the narrow 
 strip to the Pacific; thence along the Pacific coast to San 
 Francisco, then southward to Los Angeles, where the paper 
 with the glad tidings was obtained and then brought to Salt 
 Lake. No wonder it took four months! Let the reader 
 figure out the distance traveled for himself; I am too busy 
 just now. After completing the job he can then reflect upon 
 the pace by and the extent to which advancement has been 
 made. 
 
 With a realization of the fitness of things and a disposi- 
 tion to be fully abreast of every occasion which have already 
 been shown to be characteristic of the man, Governor Young 
 lost no time in the matter of placing himself and his people in 
 accord with the new order of things. Without waiting for 
 the official notification of his appointment or for the knowl- 
 edge of who were to be his official associates to reach him, he 
 at once went before Chief Justice Wells and took the oath of 
 
68 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 office, thus being for a time the only officer in the new Terri- 
 tory. This put an end to the State of Deseret forever. The 
 name is still used in a fanciful, and sometimes in a poetic 
 sense, but its political phase has left it completely, and in our 
 Constitutional Convention, which adopted the name ot our 
 State among its other duties, the word was scarcely, if at all, 
 mentioned. Various institutions which once carried the name, 
 notably the University, have dropped it entirely; the News 
 publication, however, retains it. It is supposed by many to 
 be too suggestive of Church rule to be appropriate or desir- 
 able in this day and generation. Some people are very sen- 
 sitive regarding such questions; their sensitiveness, however, 
 it should be observed, has not led them as a rule to a realiza- 
 tion of the manifest fact that had there been no Deseret there 
 would be no Utah had there been no State founded by Brig- 
 ham Young, Wilford Woodruff, Heber C. Kimball and others 
 as a result of religious devotion, there would today be no 
 commonwealth reared on a non-religious foundation and 
 gauged to secular lines. 
 
 POPULATION FIRST ELECTION PAST 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 NOTWITHSTANDING the great difficulty of getting to Zion 
 in the early days, the population increased rapidly. By births 
 and other accessions the numbers of the people were being 
 steadily augmented, emigration of course, as has been the 
 case all along, being entitled to the credit of the greater part 
 of it. The first census, completed April ist, 1851, showed 
 the population to be as follows: Salt Lake County- with 
 the cumbersome "Great" prefixed 6155; Utah County, 2005; 
 Weber County, 1143; Davis County, 1128; Sanpete County, 
 365; Iron County, 360; Tooele County, 152; the unorgan- 
 ized district in the eastern part of the Territory known as 
 Green River precinct, 46; total: 11,354, of which 6026 were 
 males and 5,328 females. 
 
 The first general election in Utah occurred, pursuant to 
 
ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH. 69 
 
 this enumeration, on the first Monday in August following. 
 A Delegate to Congress and a Legislative Assembly were 
 chosen. The representation allotted by Congress was thir- 
 teen Councilors and twenty-six Representatives, which, con- 
 sidering the population, was very liberal indeed. It was in a 
 decidedly inverse ratio to what was allowed a quarter of a 
 century or thereabout later, when the numbers of the peo- 
 ple had increased fully fifteen fold, and the allotment was 
 reduced to twelve Councilors and twenty-four Representa- 
 tives. Dr. John M. Bernhisel was elected to Congress with- 
 out' opposition. He did not run as a Democrat, a Republi- 
 can or a Whig which latter he claimed to be his political 
 faith but simply as one of the people who chose him. The 
 Legislature was chosen on the same plan. Politics, like 
 mining, the people had no present use for, but that they have 
 drifted into both about as far as human beings ever get, is as 
 well known to the reader as to the writer. As to which es- 
 tate they were the better off in, each can form a judgment 
 for himself. 
 
 The next decided stride in the direction of an improved 
 civilization was the establishment of post offices, which was 
 fully accomplished in 1852. Of course Salt Lake City with 
 the "Great" as before had one prior to this time, it being the 
 first, but after that they were provided one by one until all 
 the settlements of any consequence were in possession of 
 this indispensable adjunct of modern advancement. Willard 
 Richards was the first postmaster here, and he held his place 
 without being subjected to the annoyance that has befallen so 
 many of his successors in office the fear of a change of ad- 
 ministration being the means of some one else getting the 
 place. 
 
 MERCHANDISING AND MUNICIPALITIES. 
 
 THINGS went steadily along, the days growing into months, 
 these into years, and each with its allotment ot trials, troubles 
 
70 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 and strifes, as well as its achievements, its triumphs, its prog- 
 ress and its pleasures. The general store for merchandising 
 purposes could not long be kept out of a growing community 
 like that of Great Salt Lake City (as it was first called), 
 notwithstanding the almost exasperating slowness of trans- 
 portation and the aH but fabulous sums which it cost to bring 
 goods so far. The people had been here but a little more 
 than two years, when a couple of men not of their faith 
 reached trie city with all the details of a first-class country 
 store. They were received without the slightest opposition, 
 and at once established themselves in what proved to be a 
 very profitable business. The firm name was Livingston & 
 Kinkead, but it afterwards became Livingston, Bell & Co. A 
 year later another firm (Halladay & Warner) also non- 
 Mormons, set up in business here. The late William H. 
 Hooper came next, and from this time on business concerns 
 of various kinds increased rapidly. The stocks in every case 
 were comparatively limited, and when any particular article 
 was exhausted it might be and often was a long time before 
 any more could be got. Staple articles were sold in limited 
 quantities so as to make them go around, and the prices were 
 something which the younger generation of Utah, who have 
 enjoyed the benefits of railway communication, can form no 
 just opinion of. As I once heard President George A. Smith 
 say "They charged till they were out of breath and then 
 wrote the rest." In order that a glimpse of the contrasted 
 conditions may be obtained, I will here mention one item: 
 Calico which can now be bought for five or six cents a yard, 
 in 1850 sold for eight to ten times as much, and no family 
 was allowed to purchase more than a certain amount, corres- 
 ponding with the stock on hand, no matter what price might 
 be offered. A girl with a new calico dress in those days must 
 have been an object of admiration if not of envy, which shows 
 how much we have changed in another respect. 
 
 This city was incorporated by the Legislature of the 
 "State of Deseret" in January, 1851; it was followed in rapid 
 
ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH. 71 
 
 succession by similar action in behalf of Ogden, Manti, Provo 
 and Parowan "cities," some of which contained then as many 
 as a dozen families and probably one hundred people. They 
 have all grown considerably with the exception of Parowan, 
 which is but little forger now than it was a few years after 
 being settled, having less than one thousand inhabitants. The 
 incorporation scheme seemed to work very well, however. 
 
 THE PONY EXPRESS. 
 
 THE subject of communication with the outside world is 
 ever an important one with colonists, and to none of these 
 was it ever more so than to those who first peopled Utah. 
 Having established themselves in their new and permanent 
 homes, and beheld the nucleus planted here expanding and 
 ramifying day by day, the feeling of isolation while bringing 
 with it a sense of security from mobs and immunity from 
 organized lawlessness, was by no means completely com- 
 fortable. It has previously been suggested that the Pioneers 
 had effected a physical separation, but many soulful ties and 
 ineradicable memories remained. The desire to know what 
 former friends were doing, how they were getting along, and 
 that thirst which comes of a learning of the ways and means 
 of mankind through education and association were all inex- 
 tinguishable, and every proposition looking to the advance- 
 ment of means by which private and public intelligence could 
 be transmitted, received all the encouragement which a people 
 not yet reclothed with such ability to do as they were com- 
 pelled to leave behind could give. At such a time the words 
 "Overland Mail" had a sound which for a long time the sub- 
 stance failed to justify. It has already been stated how un- 
 certain, slow-going, few and far between were the trips which 
 the Government established between Salt Lake City and 
 
72 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 the Eastern frontier, but the mention was so brief that the 
 mind of the reader could not have been brought to anything 
 like a realization of the situation, while surrounded by such 
 splendid postal service as prevails now-a-days. It is not to be 
 inferred from all this that the blame was altogether, if even 
 partly upon the Government, which did all along what was 
 doubtless represented to it as the best that could be done 
 under the circumstances. Staging in the earlier days was a 
 laborious, tedious and dangerous undertaking, the unseen es- 
 corts in the persons of white men aided by red ones becoming 
 steadily more and more numerous, and only awaiting favor- 
 able opportunities when there was anything likely to be profit- 
 able to swoop down on the coaches bearing death and de- 
 struction along with them. These uncertainties, delays and 
 dangers coupled with the desire for something better, set the 
 inventive faculties to .work, the result being the establishment 
 of what soon became a popular and world-renowned mode of 
 communication, the Pony Express. As much as has been 
 said of this once great and useful enterprise, there still re- 
 mains a vast fund of presently uncovered facts regarding it 
 that come out piecemeal, and all are much more interesting 
 than at any time since the express was discontinued. Among 
 the Pioneers, the early settlers and Western people generally 
 the "pony" will always occupy a place of profound regard 
 from which nothing can dislodge him. 
 
 The Pony Express was first put in operation early in 1860, 
 the immediate projectors being William H. Russell, Ben F. 
 Ficklan and James E. Bromley. The route was adopted, the 
 -time cards were made up, the road was stocked, the employ- 
 . ees were at their posts, and all things in readiness for the first 
 rider of the first pony to mount and plunge into the wilds of 
 the West on April 3rd, 1860. One start was made from St. 
 Joe, Missouri, the horse and rider being ferried across, and 
 the ride beginning immediately upon touching the Western 
 shore. At the same time, or rather on the same date, since 
 there is some chronological difference between the points, 
 
ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH. 73 
 
 the four-footed messenger accompanied by his rider took the 
 boat at San Francisco, sped along to Sacramento and reached 
 there late the same afternoon. Amid intense enthusiasm the 
 pony was headed for the Sierra Nevadas, and leaped away on 
 his majestic errand followed by the loud shouts of a great 
 crowd which had assembled in honor of the occasion. 
 The Western pony naturally got here first, entering Salt 
 Lake City on the 7th of April, being ridden from Camp Floyd 
 by Howard Egan; the Eastern arrival occurred two days 
 later, on April 9th. This seems like slow time, but it was 
 rapidity itself compared with what the people had been hav- 
 ing. It was a grand enterprise and cost a lot of money, not 
 all of which was ever recovered from the business.* 
 
 One night on the Eastern plains, after a weary day's 
 travel, a band of emigrants (bringing the writer among other 
 freight) camped in a spot which seemed to have been designed 
 by nature for that purpose. It was bowl-shaped, heavy with 
 verdure and fringed around with heavy and dry timber, while 
 through its middle ran a brook of clear, sparkling water con- 
 taining myriads of fish. It was the hour of midnight, and all 
 save the sentries were wrapped in slumber, such repose as 
 comes only to those who are weary in well doing, have con- 
 sciences void of offense, and whose minds are free from any 
 harassing cares of engrossing speculation. So quiet and 
 serene and reposeful was the scene that the rippling of the 
 brook and the occasional musical tinkling of a bell among the 
 near-by cattle, were the only sounds that broke upon the de- 
 lightful calm. There was no fear of a hostile visitation of the 
 savages, because they had received and were likely to receive 
 only fair treatment at the hands of the people who slumbered, 
 and such were generally exempt from midnight or other 
 treacherous surprises. It was, all in all, the complete realization 
 of that dreamy, soulful quietude which sometimes finds expres- 
 
 * This on the authority of Dr. H. J. Faust, a prominent citizen of Utah 
 for many years, who took an active and conspicuous part in the establish- 
 ment of the service in this region. 
 
74 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 sion through the medium of the brush or pen in master hands, 
 or exists as a figment of the fancy when it roves unreined and 
 unrestrained. Suddenly the attention of the outer sentinel to 
 the west was attracted by what he conceived to be an ac- 
 cumulating noise, like the first harbinger of a coming storm 
 or the marching of many men. Sounds travel rapidly when 
 the vibratory process of the air by which they are conveyed 
 
 THE PONY EXPRESS. 
 
 has no other burden, and the man stood still and listened in- 
 tently . Yes, there was a sound; he was not mistaken, and it 
 gathered volume with additional time. It was vague and 
 muffled, but was steadily becoming more and more distinct. 
 The word was quickly passed along the line of the outer 
 guards and from them to the inner ones, who in turn awoke 
 
ORGANIZATION AND GROWTH. 75 
 
 the sleepers. Here was a picture of discipline, also an object 
 lesson in the workings of that wonderful instinct of self-pre- 
 servation which sometimes anticipates the one endangered and 
 awakens even before he is aroused! One minute before all 
 silence and serenity, with the senses of the silent ones locked 
 in slumber, now all activity, bustle, haste, preparation! 
 Nearer came the sounds; all could hear them now, and out 
 of the confluent murmur fragments of separate sound could 
 be distinguished. Women and children were hustled into 
 wagons and padded around as thoroughly as could be done 
 in a hurry, with bedding. Every man and every good- 
 sized boy had a firearm in his hand ready to send messen- 
 gers of death into the outward darkness at the word of 
 command. 
 
 The sounds were now quite recognizable; they were 
 horses' feet, but how many could not be determined. The 
 suspense which was crowded into the few moments just 
 then was so intense that it makes one nervous to think of it. 
 It seemed a long time, yet was afterwards demonstrated to 
 have been exactly seven and a quarter minutes from the time 
 the people left their beds till they returned to them. There 
 was but one horse, and he was coming at a furious gait. 
 Perhaps emigrants further along had been attacked and as- 
 sistance was needed we would soon know. From the end 
 of the camp now arose above all other sounds the imperative 
 demand of the sentry, "Who goes there?" And as the 
 rider and his steed sped like a flash through the open space 
 of our camp, the reply spread itself along the traversed dis- 
 tance: "The Pony Express!" 
 
 It had been so recently established that we were not 
 looking for it, and only a few, even when told, realized what 
 it was. 
 
THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 
 
 THE DARK DAYS OF UTAH'S MEDIEVAL 
 HISTORY. 
 
 UTAH has had its period of acute social travail, a long- 
 drawn-out, drastic, dangerous epoch in the history of 
 the commonwealth, one that is marked with political, legal 
 and illegal procedure of unusual and far-reaching proportions. 
 It is all over now, the few sporadic cases occurring to mar 
 the general harmony being quite infrequent and of no great 
 consequence. Raids and raiders, systematic prosecutions and 
 persecutions ot a class, hounding, spying and vilification on 
 one hand; with demands for proper interpretations of law, 
 requests for such indulgence as accused people elsewhere 
 have all along been given, and a dogged, perhaps at times 
 unwise determination to stand by what they believed to be their 
 constitutional rights in upholding certain assailed tenets of 
 their faith, on the other these things are but a memory, and 
 it is fading fast. As previously suggested, there may be spo- 
 radic cases, since a complete transformation where practices 
 have long been engaged in cannot be accomplished between 
 two days, or two years, for that matter; but we are proceed- 
 ing finely at last, and without much interruption. 
 
 So important an era cannot be overlooked or lightly 
 passed upon. Nor is it necessary to extend the mention 
 thereof beyond the proportions of one chapter, within which 
 is given the rise, progress, developments arid finality of the 
 
THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 77 
 
 period, with its reason for being and the materials upon 
 which it fed. History as it was and comment which it is 
 hoped will be received as impartial since it was written in 
 that spirit are relied upon solely in this production. 
 
 Peculiarity pervaded the entire situation hereabout for a 
 good while after the first settlement. The settlement itself 
 was peculiar and the culmination of a series of conditions so 
 utterly distinct in the line of American achievements as to 
 entitle them to the classification of uniqueness. Having 
 sought seclusion for the purpose of being secluded, and so 
 conditioned that the waking hours would be free from dismay 
 and the sleeping ones from nightmare, it is not to be won- 
 dered at that the settlers who so soon found themselves con- 
 fronted by the representatives of those who had "spewed 
 them out of their mouth" were not altogether pleased with 
 the outlook. The newcomers were not numerous for. some 
 time, but they kept coming, and in the course of a decade 
 had become quite a nucleus for others to gather to and 
 strengthen. As a rule the earlier of the non-Mormon acces- 
 sions had no desire to engage in contentions but were satisfied 
 with attending to their own affairs and letting the original 
 settlers attend to theirs, by means of which there was no irri- 
 tation. Now and then, however, an over-zealous American 
 citizen, imbued with the institutions of his country, and chaf- 
 ing, no doubt, at the imperium in imperio which seemed to 
 become more unbearable the more he thought of it, would 
 give expression to his displeasure in something more forcible 
 than "frowns, closed lips and pithy sentences," and happen- 
 ing to attract attention would now and then find himself up 
 against something unpleasant. And yet such experiences 
 were rather uncommon. Those who sold goods, or bought 
 stock, or looked after overland transportation, or did any 
 other legitimate thing without slopping over, hunting trouble or 
 yearning for martyrdom, even though they may by some have 
 been regarded as unbidden guests, were invariably accorded 
 as full a measure of tolerance as was extended; but as for the 
 
78 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 rest, the Saints for some time considered themselves at last as 
 masters of the situation and were not disposed to encourage 
 by temporizing with the condition of things which so often 
 had sent them adrift to make new abiding places. And who 
 that gives a thought to the tendencies of humanity could 
 blame them, whether holding that they were right or wrong? 
 Occasionally there was a rumpus, in which the "interloper" 
 oftener than otherwise got the worst of it; also, oftener than 
 otherwise he deserved it, but sometimes it wasn't that way 
 altogether. This brings to mind an incident of the late SG'S 
 which had its culmination some thirty years after, and is used 
 at this juncture because its beginning and ending embrace 
 nearly the entire period of friction. 
 
 A soldier in one of Colonel Johnston's companies, which 
 was temporarily on duty in Rush Valley, near the site of the 
 present town of Stockton, by ordering a young man named 
 Howard O. Spencer off the grounds got into an altercation 
 with him and let his angry passions rise so high that he struck 
 the Mormon youth over the head with the butt of his gun, 
 the evidence showing that the boy was not the aggressor. 
 The latter's skull was crushed and he was stunned for some 
 time, but finally recovered partially, so far as his physical sys- 
 tem was concerned, but his brains were badly shaken up and 
 his mind wandered occasionally for years. Some few months 
 afterwards, meeting the soldier in Salt Lake City and happen- 
 ing to be armed, Spencer without ado shot him fatally. The 
 boy sought safety in flight, and as sympathy was largely with 
 him he was not hunted for with excessive zeal, although his 
 rash act was generally deplored. After some time he 
 "showed up" again. It remained for the grand jury of a 
 court presided over by Judge John W.Judd, in the year 1889, 
 to find an indictment for that almost forgotten homicide, and 
 Spencer, now become somewhat advanced in years and with 
 the means of defense being more inadequate because of the 
 lapse of time and the unexpected summons, was placed on 
 trial for murder. Enough evidence was brought together to 
 
THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 79 
 
 show the provocation (there was no denial of the killing), 
 also the mental condition of the defendant at the time of com- 
 mitting the offense, and the jury composed of nine Gentiles 
 and three Mormons soon returned a verdict of u not guilty." 
 In dismissing the panel the judge took occasion to affront it in 
 detail and as a whole, saying (substantially) in a very insult- 
 ing tone: "Gentlemen, I have been practicing law and been 
 in courts as lawyer and judge for forty years, and if this is 
 not a case of murder in the first degree I never saw one. 
 The defendant is discharged, so are you." 
 
 This incident, although the culmination occurred at a 
 later day than most of those to which this chapter has special 
 reference, is brought in here as a fitting prelude to what fol- 
 lows, the object being to show that a blending of the legisla- 
 tive, executive and judicial departments, or the last two espec- 
 ially, of the government that is, the taking of an active part 
 in the formation and straightening out of public opinion as a 
 partisan while sitting in judgment is not healthful to the 
 community in which it is practiced. Instead of overcoming 
 or even modifying the social friction which exists, it is more 
 likely to increase it; and as the purpose here is not only to 
 show how but why such friction existed, how irritants served 
 but to irritate, and how at last the conflicting elements buried 
 the hatchet through the influence of moderation and liberality, 
 the instances cited and those which come between are seem- 
 ingly indispensable. 
 
 It has been charged that the settlers of Utah were not 
 friendly toward the soldiers of Uncle Sam, and that they 
 made undue and unnecessary preparations to resist the ap- 
 proach of Johnston's army, as well as Connor's later one. 
 Whatever may have been the individual feeling it is not my 
 province to state. Each can answer for himself or not answer 
 as he feels disposed. , But let us look at history a moment. 
 
 Andrew Jackson, who earned his title of "Old Hickory" 
 by deeds afield as well as in the councils of the nation, pre- 
 sumably placed citizenship and the right of the citizen to pro- 
 
80 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 tection above all other political considerations. It was be- 
 lieved, and not without cause, that if only one, but certainly 
 a number of his subjects were treated illegally and outrag- 
 eously in any part of this or any other country, the lines of 
 demarcation which arose between his jurisdiction and the per- 
 sons so treated would in a very short time have resembled 
 telegraph wires after a cyclone had practiced on them. His 
 famous "By the Eternal" would have sounded as a trumpet 
 call and the oppressors would have desisted in short order or 
 been dispersed and punished; so it was believed. And yet 
 somehow or other, the case of the Mormons didn't appeal to 
 him strongly enough to make him even brandish his cane, as 
 he did when the Senate passed a resolution of censure for 
 his veto of the banking act. It was just the same with Mar- 
 tin Van Buren Andrew's successor who could do nothing 
 for the people whose cause he admitted was just. He was a 
 Strict Constructionist, who regarded State boundaries as 
 something more than imaginary lines having no visible tan- 
 gibility except upon the maps. In fact he was disposed, by 
 reason of his political inclining, to regard each State as being 
 fenced in with a "buncombe" fence, meaning one that is 
 horse high, bull strong and pig tight and so, no matter that 
 citizens of the country were being subjected to countless out- 
 rages by those who even boasted of acting outside the law, 
 the general Government was powerless to climb over, break 
 down or crawl through the barriers of sovereignty which but- 
 tressed the commonwealths in which the outrages occurred. 
 So Martin was right he could do nothing for the sufferers, 
 even though by his own admission they had a good case. 
 Of course the people gradually ceased looking for protection 
 and eventually it became manifest to them that the odds were 
 too great to enable them to protect themselves, so the remedy 
 was to get out of the way. After having done this, however, 
 and done it effectually in not only leaving the scenes of the 
 depredations but going entirely out of the country, it doubt- 
 less occurred to them that a little greater lapse of time might 
 
THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 81 
 
 have been permitted to take place before the powers that 
 were got after them again, and thus thinking the incursionists 
 may not have been looked upon as exactly liberators and 
 benefactors; but the record shows no harshness except where 
 it was called for. After all, the Mormons are but human; 
 and, while claiming the title of Saints, I never yet saw one 
 who was in any particular hurry about becoming an angel. 
 
 The advent of Colonel Steptoe in 1854, with a com- 
 mand, produced no more commotion or irritation than would 
 the incoming of an emigrant train for California. Such 
 trains had by that time become numerous, nearly all of them 
 being hospitably received and sent on their way rejoicing. 
 When it was otherwise it was for reasons elsewhere set out, 
 and such cases were rare indeed. Colonel Steptoe left when 
 he got ready, taking with him the best wishes of everybody. 
 He was tendered the Governorship while here, but declined in 
 favor of Gov. Young. No friction in his case. 
 
 The meanest thing that crawls, after being pursued until 
 it no longer has a retreat and finding itself still followed, even 
 though the pursuer may have no actual intention of destroy- 
 ing it, is at such times, from the very force of an instinct 
 which pervades the animal kingdom, sure to turn, and if un- 
 able to make resistance will inflict as much injury upon the 
 pursuer as it can. If the lowest of the kingdom will do it, so 
 will the highest, and have besides the advantages of a wider 
 scope of judgment, greater intelligence and more effective 
 means of resistance. And in turning upon an assailant or 
 pursuer, it does not matter as a principle of law that those 
 who consider themselves jeopardized are mistaken, that no 
 harm is intended, that the hostile demonstrations amount only 
 to "pausing" (See McGuffey's Third Reader). It is justifi- 
 able for them to put themselves in an attitude of defense be- 
 cause of the approach of those who have no other apparent 
 motive than hostility, whose calling betokens it and who, if 
 they have any other design, have failed to make it known, 
 especially when the oncoming force is a direct representative 
 
82 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 of powers and agencies to which the people moved against 
 have time and again appealed in vain for protection from out- 
 lawry in various forms. So perhaps there was not in exist- 
 ence here that altruistic feeling regarding the boys in blue 
 which under improved circumstances might have been the 
 case, and yet things were not always as bad as they have 
 been made to appear. 
 
 It is to be noted in this connection that when Johnston's 
 forces entered this valley they did so by stipulation amounting 
 to a treaty, the effect of which was that they were to "keep 
 their hands off," which they did, and no trouble ensued. Be- 
 taking themselves to a lonely, out-of-the-way place in Rush 
 Valley, some fifty miles from Salt Lake City on the old road 
 to California, the command built up quite a post known as 
 Camp Floyd, in honor of the redoubtable Secretary of War 
 in President Buchanan's cabinet, who subsequently, like John- 
 ston himself, became a conspicuous figure in the Southern 
 Confederacy. The officers of the post were always on the 
 best of terms with the leaders of the people and were in the 
 main as is the rule with army officers of the United States 
 high class men throughout, who always enjoyed a visit to the 
 city and an interview with President Young. This was es- 
 pecially the case with Colonel Johnston, who was a fine type 
 of the Southern gentleman and whose qualities as a general 
 were so great and comprehensive that he came very near cut- 
 ting history out of its President Grant, the latter having been 
 completely defeated by the former at Shiloh and only saved 
 from extinction by Johnston's death and the arrival of heavy 
 reinforcements subsequently. The command left just before 
 the breaking out of hostilities in the East, having, all things 
 considered, done the people here some good and very little 
 harm. 
 
 When Colonel Connor's force arrived they came via the 
 deserted fort, and (claimed to have) heard there that the 
 Mormons would resist their entrance into Salt Lake valley. 
 So guns were ready for unlimbering, shot and shell made 
 
THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 
 
 83 
 
 handy and cartridges galore right at hand as the men ap- 
 proached the western bank of the Jordan. The colonel had 
 declared that he would cross if the abyss of hell yawned in 
 the neighborhood; but as it didn't, and the only perturba- 
 tion observable was in the stream itself, the passage was 
 effected without other opposition than was occasioned by the 
 banks on the eastern side. The grand entrance into Salt 
 Lake City was quietly effected; in fact, it was a little too 
 quiet to suit all hands, 
 for a letter, apparent- 
 ly from one of the 
 force, to a San Fran- 
 cisco paper, anent the 
 arrival, held up the 
 lack of demonstra- 
 tion as an evidence of 
 disloyalty, in that the 
 boys were not wel- 
 come ! It looked 
 somewhat like a case 
 of "be damned if you 
 do and be damned if 
 you don't." The 
 command were wel- 
 comed in a speech 
 by Governor Hard- 
 ing and at once pro- 
 ceeded to the east 
 bench, where Fort 
 Douglas was inaugurated, the name in honor of the "little 
 giant" of Illinois, who defeated Lincoln for the Senatorship, 
 and was afterward defeated by him for the Presidency. 
 
 The command at the post with the exception of occa- 
 sional and far-apart breaks of a personal character, has got 
 along very well with the civilians. 
 
 l Nearly all localities which have military establishments 
 
 GEN. P. EDWARD CONNOR. 
 
UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 within their boundaries have trouble of more or less conse- 
 quence to deal with occasionally, caused by the clashing 
 which takes place because of the commingling of elements 
 held in restraint by widely different means, the civilians by 
 constant practice and the soldiers by discipline. When the 
 discipline is relaxed by leave of absence from the post, self- 
 restraint is frequently thrown aside at the same time and 
 a rumpus is quite a natural result. This is not always the 
 case, and it does not account for all the collisions and bad 
 feeling engendered in and felt for the U. S. troopers in Utah. 
 But it is safe to say that, on the w/iole, there was not much if 
 any more trouble from such source than generally prevails 
 from similar causes elsewhere, but it came very nearly being 
 a serious situation here on a few earlier occasions, one of 
 which only, being the most serious, will be related. 
 
 Some time in 1863 rumors reached the city and became 
 rife that it was the purpose of the soldiers to seize President 
 Young by force and take him to the fort to be held for subse- 
 quent disposition. A warm reception was improvised. A 
 preconcerted signal raising a white flag over the Deseret 
 Neivs building caused an immediate cessation of work on 
 the Temple block and other nearby places, and all flocked 
 within the stone wall which then completely surrounded 
 Presidents Young's and Heber C. KimbalPs houses, the Tith- 
 ing office and the News office, and quicker than it can be 
 mentioned in detail preparations for the matinee were com- 
 pleted. Scaffolding had been erected inside the south 
 wall from the printing office to President Young's, a distance 
 of probably 150 yards. This was soon filled with armed men 
 and a boy, the one who is telling this story being the latter. 
 He had obtained in some remote corner of the News estab- 
 lishment (where he was an apprentice) an old yager of the 
 vintage of 1812, with a bore like the Mammoth Cave and a 
 mechanism like the braking apparatus of a prairie schooner. 
 It was impossible to find a bullet big enough to fit it, so after 
 turning into the cavernous depths a handful of powder, 
 
THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 
 
 85 
 
 another handful of leaden bullets a little larger than buck- 
 shot was turned in and secured with wadding, a G. D. 
 cap which amounted in size and general appearance to a Lili- 
 putian plug hat was placed upon the nipple, and gun and ap- 
 prentice were ready for business. They were prepared to 
 fight it out on that platform if it took all summer. The 
 soldiers soon appeared in full force, also equipped for busi- 
 ness. They marched briskly to the brow of the hill, which 
 was then some little distance beyond the outer fringe of 
 houses, but is now well within the limits, manoeuvered for 
 
 some time, unlimbered, ad- 
 vanced, fell back, deployed, 
 skirmished, "and so forth 
 and so on, "for fully an hour, 
 during which time the boy? 
 
 Distilled almost to jelly with the 
 act of fear, 
 
 as Shakespeare writes it, 
 held that ancient and mori- 
 bund piece of military furni- 
 ture, dreading the coming of 
 the onslaught and wonder- 
 ing if there would be much 
 left of him when he turned 
 the weapon loose. But he 
 never did. As orderly and rapidly as they came the troops 
 returned, and the performance' was not encored, never has 
 been, in fact. 
 
 There were occasional outbreaks with squads of the mili- 
 tary, one that was quite unprovoked occurring at Provo soon 
 after Judge McKean's "policy" had become fully developed. 
 Not much damage was done; the citizens, being unprepared 
 for such a thing, got the worst of it to begin with, but the 
 soldiers lost ultimately. Another, a little later, was when a 
 squad of troops broke down the doors of the Salt Lake jail 
 and rescued some comrades who had been locked up for 
 
 READY FOR BUSINESS. 
 
86 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 riotous behavior; but of late collisions are almost unknown, 
 the few that do occur being far apart and caused usually by 
 the promptings of one John Barleycorn. 
 
 The relations with the soldiers, it is to be observed, were 
 on the whole the essence of placidity compared with the state 
 of things which prevailed during the regime of Judge James 
 B. McKean and his immediate confreres, these being the 
 greater number of the Federal officials and a few in private 
 life who became conspicuous by reason of their frenzied oppo- 
 sition to everything Mormon. While extra-judicial perform- 
 ances had been previously indulged in in a more or less desul- 
 tory way, there was not much of an attempt at systematizing 
 and engrafting such things upon the body politic until that 
 subsequently celebrated gentleman dawned upon the scene 
 and spread his canvas then the fur began to fly. He came 
 here as Chief Justice in August, 1870. 
 
 Regarding Judge McKean, the writer cheerfully bears 
 witness that personally he was many removes from a bad 
 man. A thorough gentleman in his instincts and demeanor, 
 moral and upright in his habits, and as fair-minded as any 
 ordinary man who ever sat in judgment when presiding over 
 cases in which his "policy" regarding the Mormons, plainly 
 outlined from the beginning, was not involved in any manner. 
 He was not a great lawyer, but might be called a fairly good 
 one. He had a disposition to magnify his calling, and did so in 
 his first big case (Engelbrecht's) by entitling the chief tribunal 
 over which he presided the "Supreme Court of theUnited States 
 for the Territory of Utah," a creation which the other Supreme 
 Court of the United States sat down on and thus broke down 
 all subsequent proceedings so based. He declared that the 
 proceeding against President Young for lascivious cohabita- 
 tion was properly entitled "Federal Authority vs. Polygamic 
 Theocracy" in which his honor not only butted up against 
 the laws of Congress and the Territory, but took a little fall 
 out of Noah Webster at the same time. In sentencing the 
 first victim of the great moral raid (1871) he said "I am sorry 
 
THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 87 
 
 for you, Thomas Hawkins," which he doubtless was, and 
 then 'went on to upset the pail of milk by unloading on the de- 
 fendant a diatribe on transgression which was doubtless well 
 meant and not in the least abusive, but would have been less 
 oppressive if it had been. To tell the truth, it savored some- 
 what of those ancient folk who were sorry others were not 
 as good as they, and shov.ed a plain disposition to belabor 
 others over Hawkins' shoulders. Hawkins is reported to 
 have said afterward that he would rather be sentenced a 
 dozen times in plain terms than have to listen to that lecture 
 again. But undoubtedly he was not educated up to the plat- 
 form standard,and might have felt somewhat prejudiced besides. 
 Finally the judge's undoing 'Came to pass. The raid, 
 of which he was the head and front, growing by what it fed 
 on, could not subsist much longer in an American atmos- 
 phere. Indictments seemed to grow on trees and President 
 Young was fairly shingled over with them, the charges em- 
 bracing adultery, lascivious cohabitation, polygamy and 
 murder, there being about half a dozen for the latter offense, 
 one of them found on information obtained from Bill Hick- 
 man, of sainted memory, one of the least mild-mannered men 
 that ever cut a throat or robbed a train. During the late fall 
 of 1871, while the President was in St. George on his semi- 
 regular vacation, one of the murder cases was peremptorily 
 set for trial and but a few days allowed him in which to ap- 
 pear. The prosecuting officers tried to have his bail for- 
 feited, believing and hoping, no doubt, that he could not 
 reach Salt Lake within the time set; and while the conten- 
 tion was at its height, lo! the defendant appeared in the 
 doorway, quite unattended, and placed himself within the 
 jurisdiction of the court! The incident was very sensational 
 and dramatic, without the slightest design of its being so; 
 but it dampened the ardor of the judicial bunco-steerers very 
 much. It was only for a moment, and they immediately 
 proceeded from the point at which they had left off; but the 
 indictments were never tried. 
 
88 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 In July, 1873, President Young, who had apparently been 
 somewhat overlooked by the raiders for some time, received 
 another reminder of the fact that they were not dead nor 
 sleeping, but had only been waiting, Ann Eliza Webb Dee 
 Young, etc., somewhat widely known as "Wife No. 19," by 
 her next friend, George R. Maxwell, brought a suit for 
 divorce and alimony, and the papers were duly served. 
 George, by the bye, was one of the "boys" decidedly, and 
 apparently wanted to make everybody believe that Mormons 
 were his favorite diet three times a day. At heart, he w as 
 not half as bad as he tried to make it appear. He was dis- 
 posed to conviviality on a rather large scale, and generally 
 kept a long way from the methods of deportment which are 
 supposed to characterize the typical Sunday school teacher; 
 but much was overlooked in him because of his having 
 fought bravely as a Union soldier through the civil war and 
 been literally shot to pieces. He died in Salt Lake City, 
 in 1889. 
 
 Well, this suit by him on behalf of the said A. E. W. D. 
 Y. promised to be the richest pay streak the legal prospect- 
 ors had yet struck; but with the exception of $3000 "suit 
 money," or some such thing, which was paid on the order 
 of the court, the defendant flatly refused to produce Then 
 the judge got mad, and in his wrath he ordered Brig ham to 
 pay a fine of $25 and be imprisoned for one day in the peni- 
 tentiary for contempt of court; the terms could not be 
 called excessive as to amount and extent, but the defendant 
 was then seventy-one years of age, far from well, and unac- 
 customed to the kind of company he was compelled to mingle 
 with in the prison. Besides, in punishing the President for 
 contempt of his court, it looked like the judge was disposed 
 to add another hardship to his victim's inflictions by deny- 
 ing him a privilege which nine-tenths of the people of the 
 Territory indulged in without restriction. 
 
 Five days after this proceeding, President Grant sent to 
 the Senate the name of David Lowe, of Kansas, to be Chief 
 
THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 89 
 
 Justice of the Supreme Court of Utah, vice McKean, re- 
 moved. The blow had fallen. Heavy-hearted, the jurist 
 whose uncurbed animosity in pursuit of the bubble reputation 
 had brought about his own undoing, returned to the practice 
 of his profession, at which he did not prosper. The coterie 
 which formerly surrounded and upheld him as a demigod, 
 and in whom the spirits of Draco, Jeffreys and Marlborough 
 seemed for a time to have found reincarnation, drifted away 
 from him, and eventually from each other, so far as the tie 
 that formerly bound was concerned, and after a more or less 
 precarious career, he died in Salt Lake City in January, 
 1877, of typhoid fever, so the doctors said, and undoubtebly 
 they were correct as to the immediate cause of dissolution, 
 but their diagnosis does not reach to a broken heart, and 
 this undoubtedly had much to do with it. 
 
 The first prosecution for polygamy under the aws of 
 the United States of 1861, was that of George Reynolds, 
 and that he was run up against a "brace game" has been 
 demonstrated sufficiently. The fact that Brigham Young and 
 Thomas Hawkins had been indicted and the latter prose- 
 cuted for adultery or something equivalent thereto, under 
 the Territorial statute, thereby perverting it and seeking to 
 reach the ends aimed at by devious means, had caused so 
 much animadversion as to make the campaign somewhat of 
 a scandal, and before entering upon the new line of cam- 
 paign, it was announced to be the proper thing to select a vi- 
 carious offender and put him through the mill for the 
 purpose of determining the sufficiency of the law under which 
 the action was brought. So Elder George Reynolds was 
 presented and accepted. In making these assertions I do 
 not rely upon the record, but partly upon the testimony of 
 one of the grand jury by which the indictment was found 
 the late James Horrocks, a prominent citizen of Ogden, 
 whose statement to this effect was published by me in 
 \hejunctton of^ that city along about 1878. He said with- 
 out equivocation that the jurors were instructed, or at least 
 
90 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 advised, that there was no disposition to inflict punishment 
 but merely a design on the part of the Government's repre- 
 sentatives to make sure of their ground before going fur- 
 ther. 
 
 Mr. Reynolds was tried pursuant to the indictment, and 
 found guilty, on March 31, 1875. The case was. appealed to 
 the Territorial Supreme Court,where it was reversed, and was 
 retried in September of the same year, another verdict of 
 guilty being found. It was heard by the United States Su- 
 preme Court late in 1878, and affirmed early the following 
 
 year, when the defendant found 
 out that he had been prose- 
 cuted for all there was in it as 
 well as some things that were 
 not. He was sentenced to two 
 years' imprisonment, and sent 
 to the Lincoln,Nebraska, peni- 
 tentiary, where he remained 
 less than a month, being then 
 returned to Utah. His "test" 
 amounted to serving the full 
 term, less one hundred and 
 forty-four days deducted for 
 good behavior. Mr. Reynolds 
 in durance vile was very much 
 like Mr. Reynolds at large 
 GEORGE REYNOLDS. easy-going, unassuming, at- 
 
 tentive to the things to which 
 
 attention should be given, respectful to those in authority, 
 and always buoyed above present misfortunes by a "big 
 hope ahead." He regards himself, and others regard him, 
 as anything but a criminal then, previously or since; and it 
 is the same with the others who subsequently went over 
 the same road. 
 
 A few months before the arrival of Judge McKean, 
 Governor J. Wilson Shaffer put in an appearance, and during 
 
THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 91 
 
 the brief time of their joint control of the ranch, if they 
 failed to see eye to eye as to any point of local policy, the 
 circumstance never leaked out. His excellency was some- 
 what peppery in his form of speech, and never left any 
 one in doubt as to what he meant. It is said of him, when 
 he received his commission he exclaimed, "After me, by 
 God, Brigham Young will never more be Governor of Utah.* 
 And this proved to be correct. Brigham was not Governor 
 again, nor was Shaffer very long; he died October 31, 1870. 
 Before passing out he managed to accomplish two very un- 
 usual things he abolished the Fourth of July by proclama- 
 tion, and knocked out the constitutional right of the citizen to 
 bear arms, also by proclamation. During his ephemeral 
 career he was hailed by the ultra non-Mormons as "the only 
 real Governor Utah ever had." Most of them having been 
 here as much as two years, and having had such unusual 
 opportunities for determining the situation as come from as- 
 sociation with but one side of it, the judgment will have to 
 stand as to them. Shaffer, like McKean, served honorably 
 in the Union army and was personally upright. 
 
 Speaking of the Fourth of July reminds me that there 
 have been no celebrations of the Nation's natal day equal to 
 those the Mormons got up every year until stopped at the 
 patriotic business. The parades were always on a stupen- 
 dous scale, the proceedings afterwards invariably interesting 
 and a whole-souled feeling of enjoyment pervaded the com- 
 munities. On the Fourth of 1880, feeling to give an outward 
 expression of sorrow for their imprisoned brethren who had 
 so numerously been "arraigned without charge, tried without 
 evidence and condemned without crime," they used the 
 national emblem for that purpose. This made considerable 
 of a row. It was held by the "common enemy" that the 
 flag was insulted and was treated that way by the Mormons 
 
 * Perhaps he meant to paiaphrase Mme. de Pompadour, "After me the 
 deluge." 
 
92 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 to show their contempt for it. If this had been true, it "were 
 a grievous fault," and grievously should it have been an- 
 swered. But it was not true. The Stars and Stripes were 
 flung to the breeze almost the first thing after the Pioneers 
 arrived, and was always an object of veneration, being inva- 
 riably treated with as much reverence and respect on all 
 occasions as anywhere else in the Republic. Because of its 
 being a sacred emblem it was used as the means of giv- 
 ing expression, by half-masting, to the people's sadness that 
 was all. 
 
 If Salt Lake had more of this sort of thing than other 
 places in Utah, it was because of her greater population and 
 conveniences. There were others; in fact, every part of the 
 Territory contributed more or less grist towards keeping the 
 "mills of the gods" grinding, and they did not grind so 
 very slowly either when they get right down to it, which they 
 did shortly after Chief Justice Charles S. Zane arrived and 
 got things in running order. 
 
 THE "HEATED TERM" ELSEWHERE. 
 
 BEFORE engaging in a statement of things under his ad- 
 ministration, let us pay a little visit to Beaver, which for a 
 time was really a greater storm centre than any other place. 
 Up to Statehood this was the seat of the District Court for 
 all the southern counties, and a term usually meant that there 
 was something doing, what with the dragnet operating in 
 seven widespread counties between times and all the catch 
 being landed there for trial. 
 
 It is not necessary to go over too much ground, so the 
 most celebrated case of all will be referred to, it showing to 
 some extent the manner in which justice was dispensed (and 
 dispensed with occasionally). I refer to the trial of John D. 
 Lee, for complicity in the Mountain Meadows massacre, and 
 in doing so will be very brief, partly because a few sentences 
 will do and partly because this book or any part thereof is 
 
THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 93 
 
 not designed as a literary chamber of horrors.* Lee was tried 
 twice, with Judge Jacob S. Boreman on the bench. The first 
 time the trial began July 22, 1875. The prosecuting at- 
 torney, in opening the case, said "We don't know how far 
 this investigation will lead us, but we hope to trace the crime 
 to its source." This "source" was shown to be, in the con- 
 templation of the prosecution, President Young's office in 
 Salt Lake City. The animus was thus fully disclosed, but 
 was more completely borne out during the proceedings. Like 
 the McKean raid, ulterior purposes by sinister methods were 
 aimed at. Once during the examination of a witness, Judge 
 J. G. Sutherland, for the defense, objected, saying among 
 other things "I see through your scheme. John D. Lee is 
 a scapegoat. Brigham Young is the man aimed at," a sally 
 which brought this semi-admission from the prosecution 
 "Now the gentleman's real client is touched." There was 
 much more in the same line, but this will suffice. The jury 
 failed to agree. It was composed of nine Mormons and three 
 Gentiles, and the vote on every ballot stood two for convic- 
 tion and ten for acquittal. 
 
 On the second trial, which began Sept. 14, 1876, a new 
 District Attorney, in the person of Sumner Howard, had ar- 
 rived. He tried Lee alone and without dragging in outsiders, 
 and, though the jury was entirely Mormon, secured a con- 
 viction. In sentencing the defendant the court went out of 
 his way to engage in a tirade against the Mormon Church 
 (to which Lee belonged) and said to him "A former jury- 
 failed to convict you, and yet the evidences of your guilt 
 were most plain." Waiving all other things, how does that 
 sound in connection with a sentence of death a time when 
 
 * It is well to say here that many incidents of great moment illustrative 
 of the immediate subject are not used in this publication ior the above and 
 other reasons. To give them all would make this twice as large a volume 
 as is designed, an besides the object is not so much to give history in de 
 tail as to show general conditions, how they came about and on what they 
 were sustained. 
 
94 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 courts are supposed to and usually do show some Christian 
 feeling and perform their painful duty as humanely as possible? 
 And yet Judge Boreman is and was by no means a hard- 
 hearted or an unchristianlike man; on the contrary he is (or 
 was) a member of the Methodist church in good standing, 
 and I have personally and otherwise known of many kind and 
 neighborly deeds he has performed. The spirit of hateful 
 opposition with cause where it existed and on general princi- 
 ples where there was no special cause, was rife and the Judge 
 was merely "in the swim." He with the others were follow- 
 ing seriously the humorous advice of "Bob" Burdette, to 
 "lose no chance to take a whack at the Mormons." Thus 
 things went along, getting "no better fast," for several 
 years. 
 
 THE COMBAT THICKENS, THEN SUBSIDES. 
 
 IT WOULD be taking up too much time and space to refer 
 at any length to the impetuous and showy but utterly ineffec- 
 tive administration of Governor Murray. "Beauty is as 
 beauty does," but in his actions he was not always what he 
 was every time and always in appearance undeniably a 
 very handsome man. He added no little fuel to the flames, 
 and made a lot of territorial and county appointments that were 
 ignored, litigated and finally knocked out; also he vetoed 
 pretty much everything done by the Legislature, and finally 
 stooped to actual meanness by having the pay of the law- 
 makers and their officers diverted to the courts, but this was 
 afterwards straightened out by the Government. During his 
 sojourn the social lines between the two classes of society 
 here were, if anything, made a little tighter and plainer than 
 ever; it got so that if a visiting Gentile made a friendly call 
 at the house of a Mormon friend and took a meal, for in- 
 stance, the visitor was immediately branded as a "jack-Mor- 
 
THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 
 
 mon" and tabooed accordingly; but, of course, this sort of 
 thing was not introduced during the Governor's regime by 
 any means, it being a time-worn but not exactly time-honored 
 custom which began years back. And at this point let us give 
 the Governors a rest. 
 
 Judge Zane arrived in Salt Lake City on August 23, 
 1884, and a few weeks later took his seat on the bench of 
 the Third District Court, (He was also Chief Justice of the 
 
 Supreme Court.) He proved 
 to be an abler lawyer than 
 most of his predecessors and 
 for some time the court ma- 
 chinery ran along without 
 hitching. His first tilt with 
 the "problem" was in the 
 case of the United States vs. 
 Rudger Clawson for polyg- 
 amy and unlawful cohab- 
 itation. The jury list being 
 exhausted before the panel 
 was complete, an open venire 
 was ordered; this not being 
 in accordance with the pro- 
 visions of the Territorial or 
 Federal law, was excepted 
 to by the defense and made 
 the principal feature of the 
 grounds for a subsequent ap- 
 peal. The local Supreme Court upheld the trial court in all 
 material respects, so did the United States Supreme Court 
 later on, holding that the summoning and impaneling of a 
 jury by such means was one of the inherent powers of the 
 court. He was sentenced to three and a half years and $500 
 fine for polygamy and six months and $300 fine for unlawful 
 cohabitation. After imprisonment of three years one month 
 and ten days he was pardoned by President Cleveland. 
 
 RUDGER CLAWSON, 
 
96 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 From this point on, the campaign against "polygamic" 
 offenses waxed warm and active, the Judge lending all the 
 aid his position was capable of to it. In point of effectiveness 
 and results, Judge Zane made Judge McKean's record look 
 like a thing of shreds and patches. "Abandon hope, all ye 
 who enter here," was not written over the entrance to the 
 court room, and would not have been appropriate anyway, 
 because if the defendant happened to be accused of anything 
 else than unlawful cohabitation or polygamy he stood as good 
 a chance to get away as though it were any other court; 
 otherwise, otherwise. The "twin relic" and its corollaries 
 were to go and the element of force was to be the prime fac- 
 tor in reaching the consummation. 
 
 In prosecuting unlawful cohabitation cases against those 
 of the Mormons who, according to the language of Judge 
 Judd. had "had the misfortune to be found out," some unusual 
 and peculiar conditions were created. Precedents wanting, 
 they had to be made, and the making was not always gauged 
 by understood and recognized principles of law. To begin 
 with, the line of separation between the malum in se and the 
 malum prohibition was nearly if not quite effaced for the Mor- 
 mons' special benefit, and all polygamy and cohabitation cases 
 were practically placed upon an equal footing with anything in 
 the whole gamut of crime, from petty larceny to murder in 
 the first degree. There were no extenuating circumstances 
 and few personal considerations allowed, and almost no ac- 
 quittals. To be tried was to be convicted, and to be con- 
 victed was to go to the penitentiary along with felons of high 
 and low degree as well as various colors, sexes, ages and 
 previous conditions. Only one part of the punishment could 
 be evaded the inevitable $300 fine accompanying the im- 
 prisonment, and this only on a plain showing that the "crim- 
 inal" didn't have the property; that is, if he couldn't pay he 
 didn't have to, but this exemption was enjoyed by all other 
 kinds of convicted people upon whom fines were imposed, 
 so the Mormons could not plume themselves upon its being a 
 
THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 97 
 
 special feature in their behalf. The right of appeal was not 
 denied, of course, and if the convicted person had $1000 or 
 so handy he could have his case taken up on review, but as 
 there was no suspension of judgment, his term of imprison- 
 ment would likely run out before its correctness was passed 
 upon. 
 
 Other legal fungi were engendered, among which was 
 the professional and mechanical juror. Men stood in waiting 
 to be drawn for petit jurors, and sometimes, but necessarily nqt 
 so often, for grand jurors. These men's duties, on the sur- 
 face, were the same as those of men similarly engaged else- 
 where. They were possessed of the statutory qualifications, 
 swore they had no bias or prejudice one way or another and 
 would find in accordance with the facts, which probably in 
 most cases they did. But here is a question: Are men who, 
 by means of a regular routine, are made to know what kind 
 of findings are expected from them and that failure to so find 
 means immediate dismissal,in possession of the receptive frame 
 of mind which Alfred the Great contemplated when he in- 
 vented the jury system? 
 
 And again: Is the railroading process in dealing with 
 defendants whose offenses are not specifically against the 
 common law but only against creations of statutes, and these 
 in some cases after the fact, the correct thing in modern juris- 
 prudence and practice anyway ? 
 
 The "professionals" spoken of have been seen, like a lot 
 of supernumeraries at the wings of a theatre stage,waiting for 
 their cue to march on and take their machine-like parts in 
 the play, and sometimes one set, or several of any particular 
 panel, would "try" a number of cases without once leaving 
 the vicinity of the court room. I once heard one of these 
 worthies complaining because he had been called away by 
 sickness or something, and in the meantime several "cohab." 
 trials had been reeled off and thereby he had lost his regular 
 fees as a juror in those cases! His name was Coalter, or 
 
98 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 i 
 
 something like that; I seem to have forgotten it, partly, and 
 am willing to forget it altogether. 
 
 On August 26, 1888, Judge Zane was superseded by 
 Elliot B. Sandford, of the New York bar, and a personal friend 
 of President Cleveland. At the same time there was a sus- 
 pension of hostilities, and an armistice followed, by the terms 
 of which light penalties were imposed on those who pleaded 
 guilty, which a great many did. A much better feeling re- 
 sulted, but it did not last long, for on June 3, 1889, Judge 
 Sandford, having refused to resign by request of headquarters, 
 was peremptorily removed by President Harrison and Judge 
 Zane reappointed. There wasn't so much doing as before, 
 probably for want of material to work on, but still the ma- 
 chine was not idle by any means. Altogether the number 
 who were trooped off to the penitentiary for the offenses 
 spoken of nearly corresponded to that of the famous Light 
 Brigade at Balaklava 600. If anything, it was a little in 
 excess of that figure. Incidentally, half a dozen women 
 "living in the repute of marriage" with men who were 
 otherwise uxoriously provided for were imprisoned for re- 
 fusing to do what women are presumed to be quite willing 
 to do as a rule tell what they know about things. The 
 most conspicuous of these cases was that of Belle Harris, 
 who with an infant child was held in captivity for some three 
 months; she and the others endured the infliction patiently 
 and decorously and became heroines by common consent. 
 Many of the men were well-to-do, nearly all were property 
 owners to some extent, and all were educated fully up to the 
 average with a number greatly beyond that, and almost with- 
 out exception they were, leaving aside the offense of which 
 they were convicted, reputable, law-abiding citizens.* Pe- 
 culiar criminals, these! 
 
 * Many of the leading men oi the Church, realizing the hopelessness of 
 the situation, betook themselves to voluntary exile, and in this state of 
 seclusion President John Taylor, whose age and infirmities made him un- 
 equal to the strain, gare up his life. 
 
THE PERIOD OF FRICTION. 99 
 
 On September 24, 1890, President Wilford Woodruff 
 promulgated a manifesto, by means of which he denied 
 that there had been any polygamous marriages for a good 
 while, but such marriages and their concomitant relations 
 were abrogated, and then the beginning of the end of the 
 long-lived, perilous, trying situation was at once ushered in. 
 The beams of the rising sun of Statehood were now plainly 
 apparent and becoming brighter with each succeeding day. 
 The demon of discord spread his ugly pinions once more, 
 took flight and relieved us of his hateful presence. Now and 
 then there is some little clashing, as there is everywhere and 
 caused, as previously observed, almost entirely by political 
 differences. These are sometimes quite active if not acri- 
 monious, and now and then bring up a suggestion of by-gone 
 days, the most conspicuous instance being that of the election 
 of B. H, Roberts to Congress and its outgrowths. (This 
 case is presented further along.) But there are no longer 
 prosecutions of a class and none of individuals which are in- 
 spired by the Moloch ambition or the demon hate. Mormons 
 and non-Mormons blend in the marts of trade, in the high- 
 ways of travel, in societv, in gatherings of all kinds, and 
 only those who are acquainted could tell one from the other.* 
 Progress and prosperity are the common inspiration of the 
 time. White-throated peace perches upon the ramparts of 
 the State. 
 
 Judge Zane became the fir*t Chief Justice of the new sovereignty, and 
 a wise, just and capable judge he was, by his vast and varied experience 
 aiding materially the work of guiding and handling the newly-launched 
 cratt through the inevitably snaggy and reefy waters of incipient Statehood. 
 
UTAH S GOVERNORS, WITH DATES OF SERVICE. 
 
STATEHOOD. 
 
 THE 45TH STAR IN THE NATIONAL FIRMA- 
 MENT APPEARS. 
 
 LIKE the launching of a great ship, which shows no sign 
 of moving until it is on the ways and then reaches its 
 element so swiftly that the eye can scarcely follow it^ pro- 
 ceeding from inertia and dead silence to a terrific splash and 
 general commotion Utah was ushered into the Union of 
 States as a full member thereof. The admission proclama- 
 tion was promulgated by President Cleveland on the third 
 day of January, 1896. It was proposed for some time that 
 the day be made a legal holiday, but as Utah has more of 
 such than enough, the suggestion failed to carry, and 
 yet it is a more consequential date than are some of the 
 red-letter days. The occasion itself was most propitious. 
 Although at a time when the weather is usually forbidding, 
 the air was still and the temperature quite moderate. There 
 was not a cloud in the sky and the sun shone with a brilliancy 
 that made it appear as if he too were all smiles and rejoic- 
 ing because the period of travail for Utah, which he had 
 marked from the beginning, was no more. What a splendid 
 omen! What a delightful introduction! What a glorious 
 harbinger! And what a gratifying, promising state of things 
 prevailed! The once discordant elements got along without 
 jarring or jostling; there were seldom references to past con- 
 flicts and animosities; the elements blended in social and polit- 
 
102 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 ical affairs without a suggestion of former differences, and 
 "all went merry as a marriage bell." 
 
 In Salt Lake City the proceedings were very hilarious. 
 The manager of the Western Union Telegraph office had 
 obtained permission from the mayor to fire off a gun in the 
 street when the news came, and about 10 a.m. he rushed 
 from his office, through the front door with a double-bar- 
 reled shotgun in his hand, and reaching the edge of the side- 
 walk he turned loose both barrels. This was the signal 
 that the President's proclamation announcing the new mem- 
 bership in the great household had been signed and State- 
 hood the great boon so long wanted, so frequently asked 
 for and so persistently denied was an accomplished fact. At 
 once whistles everywhere were screeching, firearms were 
 discharged with utter disregard of the ordinances or any- 
 thing else, all kinds of noises, mechanical and vocal, rent the 
 air, and made the town a regular bedlam for a while. Bands 
 played, flags were displayed in every direction, everybody on 
 the crowded streets was hilarious, and the time was made 
 memorable by unrestrained joyousness. It was a great 
 time. 
 
 Doubtless many people there were who, while feeling 
 exuberant enough, succeeded in keeping within the bound- 
 aries of reasonable restraint, but the majority were otherwise. 
 A prominent churchman and personal friend of the writer's 
 met him immediately after the signal was fired and threw his 
 arms around the scribe's neck with as much impetuosity, 
 exuberance and affection as though the latter were a winsome 
 woman (nearly enough related to justify such a perform- 
 ance, of course), instead of being a plain-looking masculine 
 whose chief attraction was a new suit of clothes bought the 
 day before. The churchman felt like a great many others, 
 and could hardly find words to give his feelings expression, 
 which may in some manner account for his acts in that con- 
 nection. 
 
 "I can hardly realize it," he said; "I have waited for 
 
STATEHOOD. 103 
 
 this day a long time, and now it is here I can't grasp the full 
 import of it [which is probably the reason he grasped me so 
 fervently]. Don't you think it a great, grand day?" 
 
 "Yes, indeed," I replied; "we have got our white ele- 
 phant at last." 
 
 He looked half shocked and half incredulously at this. 
 That anyone could be so lost to the sublimity of the occasion 
 as to give even a thought to its responsibilities must have 
 seemed well-nigh sacrilegious. But all hands and the cook 
 have thought of them since, and those who now look upon 
 the really proud and altogether desirable boon of Statehood 
 as a condition of things not wholly beatific or even free trom 
 rasping circumstances are, it is painfully apparent, neither 
 few in number nor far apart. That is, the glamour has disap- 
 peared and the stern realities being something that were not 
 seriously considered beforehand seem a little harder than they 
 really are in consequence. It is putting it a little too severely 
 to say that the situation is another case of Sinbad the sailor 
 and the lonely man of the ocean that having taken State- 
 hood upon our shoulders we cannot get rid of it and will 
 have to wear it to the end whether or no, but a good many 
 who were most exuberant seem to feel that way. (This 
 doesn't include the churchman spoken of, by any means). 
 With these getting accustomed or seasoned to the situation 
 and learning to appreciate conditions because of their real 
 instead of their fancied worth, the number of malcontents has 
 rapidly dwindled and will finally disappear altogether. 
 
 It is not so very long ago, not much more than a decade, 
 thatU. S. Marshal Frank Dyer (since deceased), Judge J. W. 
 Judd and several others engaged in a movement looking to 
 the granting to Utah by the Government of a form of home 
 rule which would amount to modified Statehood, this being 
 considered a palliative for some of the evils inseparable from 
 Territorial rule . This was as near to a demand for independ- 
 ence for Utah as any Gentile dared to go at that time, and 
 even it brought down the wrath of the leaders and the 
 
104 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 unsparing scorn and ridicule of the Salt Lake Tribune, the 
 Gentile or Liberal organ. The movement came to naught, 
 but following closely upon its heels was the establishment of 
 national party lines (elsewhere spoken of at length), and upon 
 the disappearance of the Liberal party the movement for 
 Statehood became spontaneous. The last vestige of Federal 
 authority was at last gone, we received what we had demanded 
 and craved so long, and because it has not proved to be all 
 "skittles and beer" is no reason why it is not all that it ever 
 promised to be. The more judicious and less penurious are 
 thankful beyond expression that Utah controls herself in her 
 own way, and hopeful that wherein the way may be imper- 
 fect or even bad, the agencies of improvement are at work 
 and will not cease until our commonwealth is inferior to none 
 in all that goes to make States proud and enduring and their 
 people prosperous and upright. 
 
 THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. 
 
 As THE clothing for the infant is generally in readiness 
 before the advent occurs, a constitution must be prepared, 
 passed upon and in full-fledged existence before the ship of 
 State is put into commission, to do which requires a Constitu- 
 tional Convention called for the purpose. The act of Con- 
 gress conveying the necessary authority for such proceeding 
 was passed and approved July 16, 1894, and the Convention met 
 in Salt Lake City on March 4, 1895, with the following mem- 
 bership: 
 
 Louis Bernhardt Adams, George Mousley Cannon, 
 
 Rufus Albern Allen, John Foy Chidester, 
 
 Andrew Smith Anderson, Parley Christiansen, 
 
 fohn Richard Barnes, Thomas H. Clark, Jr., 
 
 John Rutledge Bowdle, Louis Larille Coray, 
 
 John Sell Boyer, Elmer Ellsworth Corfman, 
 
 Theodore Brandley, Charles Crane, 
 
 Herbert Guion Button, William Creer, 
 
 William Buys, George Cunningham, 
 
 Chester Call, Arthur John Cushing, 
 
STATEHOOD. 
 
 105 
 
 William Driver, 
 Dennis Clay Eichnor, 
 Alma Eldredge, 
 George Rhodes Emery, 
 Andreas Engberg, 
 David Evans, 
 Abel John Evans, 
 Lorin Farr, 
 Samuel Francis, 
 William Henry Gibbs, 
 Charles Carroll Goodwin, 
 James Frederic Green, 
 Francis Asbury Hammond, 
 Charles Henry Hart, 
 Harry Haynes, 
 John Daniel Holladay, 
 Robert W. Heybourne, 
 Samuel Hood Hill, 
 William Howard, 
 Henry Hughes, 
 Joseph Alonzo Hyde, 
 Anthony Woodward Ivins, 
 William F. James, 
 Lycurgus Johnson, 
 Joseph Loftis Jolley, 
 Frederick John Kiesel, 
 David Keith, 
 Thomas Kearns, 
 William Jasper Kerr, 
 Andrew Kimball, 
 James Nathaniel Kimball, 
 Richard G. Lambert, 
 Lauritz Larsen, 
 Christen Peter Larsen, 
 Hyrum Lemmon, 
 Theodore Belden Lewis, 
 William Lowe, 
 Peter Lowe, 
 James Paton^Low, 
 Anthony Canute Lund, 
 Karl G. Maeser, 
 Richard Mackintosh, 
 Thomas Maloney, 
 
 Robert McFarland, 
 George P. Miller, 
 Elias Moiris, 
 Jacob Moritz, 
 John Riggs Murdock, 
 Joseph Royal Murdock, 
 James David Murdock, 
 Aquila Nebeker, 
 Jeremiah Day Page, 
 Edward Partridge, 
 J. D. Peters, 
 Mons Peterson, 
 James Christian Peterson, 
 Franklin Pierce, 
 William B. Preston, 
 Alonzo Hazelton Raleigh, 
 Franklin Snyder Richards, 
 Joel Ricks, 
 
 Brigham Henry Roberts, 
 Jasper Robertson, 
 Joseph Eldredge Robinson, 
 Willis Eugene Robison, 
 George Ryan, 
 John Henry Smith, 
 George B. Squires, 
 William Gilson Sharp, 
 Harrison Tuttle Shurtliff, 
 Edward Hunter Snow, 
 Hyrum Hupp Spencer, 
 David Bramerd Stover, 
 Charles Nettleton Strevell, 
 Charles William Symons, 
 Daniel Thompson, 
 Moses Thatcher, 
 Ingwald Conrad Thoresen, 
 Joseph Ephraim Thome, 
 Samuel R. Thurrnan, 
 William Grant Van Home, 
 Charles Stetson Varian, 
 Heber M. Wells, 
 Noble Warrum, Jr., 
 Orson Ferguson Whitney, 
 Joseph John Williams. 
 
 William H. Maughan, 
 
 The officers were as follows: 
 President: John Henry Smith, Salt Lake City. 
 Secretaries: Parley P. Christensen, Grantsville, Tooele County; C. S. 
 
 Assistant, Ogden, Weber County. 
 
 Rapp, 
 
106 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Enrolling and Engrossing Clerk: Joseph A. Smith, Providence, Cache 
 
 County. 
 
 Sergeant-at-arms. R. Clawson, Ephraim, Sanpete County. 
 Messenger: Thomas S. Watson, Heber, Wasatch County. 
 Watchman: Bruce Johnson, Salt Lake City. 
 Janitor: J. N. Scott, Salt Lake City. 
 
 Pages: John H. Thorn, Salt Lake City; L. C. Camp, Salt Lake City. 
 Committee Clerks: Miss B. T. Macmasters, Salt Lake City; Miss Henrietta 
 
 Clark, Salt Lake City. 
 
 The proceedings continued until May 8, and were very 
 voluminous. The Constitution that was formulated was rati- 
 fied by the voters of the State by an immense majority, the 
 election at which State officers and a Legislature were also 
 chosen being on November 5. 
 
 FIRST STATE OFFICERS. 
 
 THE election above spoken of developed the presence of 
 three parties in Utah Republican, Democratic and Populist, 
 the first named winning by an average plurality of about 
 2000. The tickets were as follows: 
 
 REPUBLICAN. 
 
 Congressman; 
 
 C. E. Allen. 
 Governor: 
 
 Heber M. Wells. 
 Supreme Court Judges: 
 
 Charles S. Zane, 
 
 George W. Bartch, 
 
 James A. Miner. 
 Secretary of State: 
 
 James T. Hammond. 
 Attorney General: 
 
 A. C. Bishop. 
 Treasurer: 
 
 James Chipman. 
 Auditor: 
 
 Morgan Richards. 
 School Superintendent: 
 
 John R. Park. 
 
 DEMOCRATIC. 
 
 B. H. Roberts. 
 John T. Caine. 
 
 Thomas Maloney, 
 Samuel R. Thurman, 
 Richard W. Young. 
 
 Fisher S. Harris. 
 A. J. Weber. 
 Alma Greenwood. 
 Guy C. Wilson. 
 Karl G. Maeser. 
 
 POPULIST. 
 
 James Hogan. 
 Henry W. Lawrence. 
 
 No nominations. 
 
 Thomas C. Bailey. 
 J. S. Weaver. 
 Thos. L. Jones. 
 Hans O. Young. 
 I. T. Alvord. 
 
MEMBERS OF FORMER LEGISLATOR'S SENATORS. 
 
108 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 THE STATE LEGISLATURES. 
 
 THE FIRST Legislature assembled in the rooms arranged 
 for it in the Joint City and County building in Salt Lake City 
 at high noon on the second Monday in January, 1896. The 
 session was limited by the Constitution to ninety days, all of 
 which were occupied, and more too, for, like every previous 
 and subsequent session, the last legislative "day" consisted of 
 several days. George M. Cannon of Salt Lake was chosen 
 President of the Council and Presley Denny of Beaver 
 Speaker of the House. No delay was experienced in getting 
 down to business, albeit the first sitting was temporary, occu- 
 pying practically all of the first day. 
 
 In order to give a better understanding of the member- 
 ship in each case, the locality of the members by Legislative 
 districts is given. The districts are as follows, each having 
 one member except where otherwise stated: 
 
 SENATE 18 MEMBERS. 
 
 First Box Elder and Tooele Counties. 
 
 Second Cache County. 
 
 Third Rich, Morgan and Davis Counties. 
 
 Fourth Weber County (2). 
 
 Fifth Summit and Wasatch Counties. 
 
 Sixth Salt Lake County (5). 
 
 Seventh Utah County (2). 
 
 Eighth Juab and Millard Counties. 
 
 Ninth Sanpete County. 
 
 Tenth Sevier, Wayne, Piute and Garfield Counties. 
 
 Eleventh Beaver, Iron, Washington and Kane Counties. 
 
 Twelfth Emery, Carbon, Uintah, Grand and San Juan Counties. 
 
 HOUSE 45 MEMBERS. 
 
 First Box Elder County. Tenth Wasatch County, 
 
 Second Cache County (3). Eleventh Utah County (4). 
 
 Third Rich County. Twelfth Uintah County. 
 
 Fourth Weber County (4). Thirteenth Juab County. 
 
 Fifth Morgan County. Fourteenth Sanpete County (2). 
 
 Sixth Davis County. Fifteenth Carbon County. 
 
 Seventh Tooele County. Sixteenth Emery County. 
 
 Eighth Salt Lake County (10). Seventeenth Grand County. 
 
 Ninth Summit County. Eighteenth Sevier County. 
 
STATEHOOD. 109 
 
 Nineteenth Millard County. Twenty-fourth Iron County. 
 
 Twentieth Beaver County. Twenty-fifth Washington County. 
 
 Twenty-first Piute County. Twenty-sixth Kane County. 
 
 Twenty-second Wayne County. Twenty-seventh San Juan County. 
 Twenty-third Garfield County. 
 
 SENATORS . 
 
 First District Abraham Zundel 
 
 Second District Noble Warrum, Jr 
 
 Third District John R. Barnes 
 
 Fourth District David McKay, E; M. Allison 
 
 Fifth District Robert C. Chambers 
 
 Sixth District George M. Cannon, Hiram E. Booth, Glen Miller, George 
 
 Sutherland, Elmer B. Jones. 
 
 Seventh District Abel J. Evans, Malin M. Warner 
 
 Eighth District James P. Driscoll 
 
 Ninth District William Candland 
 
 Tenth District John F. Chidester 
 
 Eleventh District Edward H. Snow 
 
 Twelfth District R. G. Miller 
 
 President, George M. Cannon. 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 First District William H. Gibbs 
 
 Second District Joseph Monson, John M. Bernheisel, Peter M. Maughan 
 
 Third District Aquila Nebeker 
 
 Fourth District Thomas J. Stevens, Amasa S. Condon, Nathan J. Harris, 
 
 I/ee A. Curtis. 
 
 Fifth District Daniel Heiner 
 
 Sixth District R. E. Egan 
 
 Seventh District..... Emil J. Raddatz 
 
 Eighth District Edward B. Critchlow, Harwood M. Gushing, Thomas D. 
 
 lyewis, Seth W. Morrison, George Iv. Nye, William P. 
 
 Nebeker, J. F. Snedaker, Alvin V. Taylor, William W. 
 
 Wilson, Thomas Fergusson. 
 
 Ninth District George Beard 
 
 Tenth District Joseph R. Murdock 
 
 Eleventh District A. O. Smoot, Marinus L,arsen, James T. Thome, 
 
 Hyrum lyemmon. 
 
 Twelfth District William Gibson 
 
 Thirteenth District Adelbert Cazier 
 
 Fourteenth District John Lowry, Sr., Peter Thompson 
 
 Fifteenth District James X. Ferguson 
 
 Sixteenth District William Howard 
 
 Seventeenth District John H. Shafer 
 
 Eighteenth District James M. Bolitho 
 
 Nineteenth District Orvil Thompson 
 
110 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Twentieth District Presley Denny 
 
 Twenty-first District Charles Morrill 
 
 Twenty-second District M. W. Mansfield 
 
 Twenty-third District Thomas Sevy 
 
 Twenty-fourth District Edgar L. Clark 
 
 Twenty-fifth District James Andrus 
 
 Twenty-sixth District Joseph E. Robinson 
 
 Twenty-seventh District Andrew P. Sorenson 
 
 Speaker, Presley Denny . 
 
 SECOND LEGISLATURE, 1897. 
 
 SENATORS. 
 
 First District William G. Nebeker 
 
 Second District Joseph Monson 
 
 Third District Aquila Nebeker 
 
 Fourth District Lewis W. Shurtliff, Daniel Hatner 
 
 Fifth District Robert C. Chambers 
 
 Sixth District John T. Caine, Martha H. Cannon, Benjamin A. Harbour, 
 
 David O. Rideout, Jr., George A. Whitaker. 
 
 Seventh District Abraham O Smoot, Abel J. Evans 
 
 Eighth District Joseph V. tfobison 
 
 Ninth District % John F. Allred 
 
 Tenth District- Isaac K. Wright 
 
 Eleventh District Edward H. Snow 
 
 Twelfth District M. E. Johnson 
 
 PresideLt, Aquila Nebeker. 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 First District Samuel N. Cook 
 
 Second District Joseph Kimball, Ingwald C. Thoresen, Moroni Price 
 
 Third District David S. Cook 
 
 Fourth District Angus McKay, Sarah . derson, John N. Perkins 
 
 William H. O'Brien. 
 
 Fifth District John Hopkin 
 
 Sixth District Hyrum Stewart 
 
 Seventh District Norman B. Dresser 
 
 Eighth District Heber Bennion, Scipio A. Kenner, Eurithe K. LaBarthe, 
 
 Daniel Mangan, George Romney, Jr., Richard B. Shep- 
 ard, Robert W. Sloan, Joseph E. Taylor, James Thomp- 
 son, Everett W. Wilson. 
 
 Ninth District Charles A. Callis 
 
 Tenth District Joseph R. Murdock 
 
 Eleventh District Louis P. Lund, W. O. Creer, Hyrum Lemmon, William 
 
 M. Roylance. 
 
 Twelfth District William Gibson 
 
 Thirteenth District... ...Claude V. Wheeler 
 
STATEHOOD. Ill 
 
 Fourteenth District Aaron Hardy, Neils C. Sorenson 
 
 Fifteenth District :. Oliver G. Kimball 
 
 Sixteenth District L. P. Oveson 
 
 Seventeenth District Andrew P. Sorenson 
 
 Eighteenth District . Barnard H. Greenwood 
 
 Nineteenth District William A. Ray 
 
 Twentieth District William L. H. Dotson 
 
 Twentv-first District James E. Forshee 
 
 Twenty-second District Hiett E. Maxfield 
 
 Twenty-third District Andrew J. Hansen 
 
 Twenty-fourth District John Parry 
 
 Twenty-fifth District James G. Duffin 
 
 Twenty-sixth District. Joseph .Robinson 
 
 Twenty-seventh District V. P. Martin 
 
 Speaker, John N Perkins. 
 
 THIRD LEGISLATURE, 1899. 
 
 SENATORS. 
 
 First District William G. Nebeker 
 
 Second District Joseph Howell 
 
 Third District Aqui a Nebeker 
 
 Fourth District Lewis W.Shurtliff, Fred J. Kiesel 
 
 Fifth District Robert C. Chambers 
 
 Sixth District Martha H. Cannon, David H. Peery, Jr., David O. Ride- 
 out, Jr., Richard K. Thomas, Orson F. Whitney. 
 
 Seventh District Abraham O. Smoot, Abel J Evans 
 
 Eighth District Joseph V. Robison 
 
 Ninth District Ferdinand Alder 
 
 Tenth District Isaac K. Wright 
 
 Eleventh District Rollin R. Tanner 
 
 Twelfth District Harden Bennion 
 
 Aquila Nebeker, President. 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 First District John P. Holmgren 
 
 Second District Aaron F. Farr, Jr., Albert A. Law, Charles Z. Harris 
 
 Third District David S. Cook 
 
 Fourth District Tillman D. Johnson, George W. Bramwell, Nathan J. 
 
 Harris, Sherman S. Smith. 
 
 Fifth District Charles A, Welch 
 
 Sixth District John Fisher 
 
 Seventh District George F. Richards 
 
 Eighth District....... Samuel W. Stewart, Benjamin T. Lloyd, Horace Cum- 
 
 mings, Heber Bennion, Alice M. Home, John E. Han- 
 sen, Joseph G. By water, Albert W. Forman, Charles M. 
 Jackson, Richard B. Shepard. 
 
MEMBERS OF FORMKR LEGISLATURES REPRtSKNTATlVES. 
 
STATEHOOD. 113 
 
 Ninth District r James Ivers 
 
 Tenth District James W. Clyde 
 
 Eleventh District Marinus Larsen, Joseph Lapish, John E. Betts, William 
 
 M. Roylance. 
 
 Twelfth District William O'Neil 
 
 Thirteenth District Claude V. Wheeler 
 
 Fourteenth District Parley Christiansen, C. W. Sorenson 
 
 Fifteenth District Reuben G. Miller 
 
 Sixteenth District jasper Robertson 
 
 Seventeenth District Lester Taylor 
 
 Eighteenth District Barnard H. Greenwood 
 
 Nineteenth District Thomas C. Callister 
 
 Twentieth District John R Murdock 
 
 Twenty-first District John H. Fullmer 
 
 Twenty second District M. W. Mansfield 
 
 Twenty-third District Jesse W. Crosby, Jr 
 
 Twenty-fourth District ...John Parry 
 
 Twenty-fifth District John G. McQuarrie 
 
 Twenty-sixth District Joseph E. Robinson 
 
 Twenty-seventh District L. H. Redd, Jr 
 
 Speaker, William M. Roylance. 
 
 FOURTH LEGISLATURE, 1901. 
 
 SENATORS. 
 
 First District H. S. Larsen 
 
 Second District Joseph Howell 
 
 Third District J. G. M. Barnes 
 
 Fourth District Fred J. Kiesel, Edward M. Allison, Jr 
 
 Fifth District J. R. Murdock 
 
 Sixth District George N. Lawrence, Hoyt Sherman, O. F. Whitney, R. 
 
 K. Thomas, S. H. Love. 
 
 Seventh District A. O. Smoot, Abel J. Evans 
 
 Eighth District George C. Whitmore 
 
 Ninth District Ferdinand Alder 
 
 Tenth District Willis Johnson 
 
 Eleventh District R. R Tanner 
 
 Twelfth D strict Harden Bennion 
 
 President, Abel J. Evans. 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 First District John P. Holmgren 
 
 Second District Seth A. Langton, Joseph Pond, P. M. Maughan 
 
 Third District Edward R. South 
 
 Fourth District.../.. Ed ward H. Anderson, William Glasmann, Thomas H. 
 
 Davis, Archibald McFarland. 
 Fifth District Richard R. Fry 
 
114 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Sixth District O. P. Hatch 
 
 Seventh District Francis B. Hall 
 
 Eighth District Rulon S. Wells, William McMillan, Nephi L. Morris, 
 
 William N. Williams, W. G. Van Home, A. L. Hamlin, 
 John T. Axton, Benner X. Smith, Orson H. Hewlett, 
 Archibald Stuart. 
 
 Ninth District Dan Lambert 
 
 Tenth District William Van Wagenen 
 
 Eleventh District Mosiah Evans, Henry Gardner, Ephraim Homer, D. 
 
 C. Johnson 
 
 Twelfth District George P. Billings 
 
 Thirteenth District Frank Holzheimer 
 
 Fourteenth District N. Ci Christensen, John L. Bench 
 
 Fifteenth District J R. Sharp 
 
 Sixteenth District Levi N. Harmon 
 
 Seventeetnh District A. P. Mohr 
 
 Eighteenth District John W. Phillips 
 
 Nineteenth District Engene W. Kelley 
 
 Twentieth District William H. Barratt 
 
 Twenty-first District Samuel L. Page 
 
 Twenty-second District Albert Stevens 
 
 Twenty-third District George W.Johnson 
 
 Twenty-fourth District Joseph F. McGregor 
 
 Twenty-fi f th District David H. Morris 
 
 Twenty-sixth District H. S. Cutler 
 
 Twenty-seventh District Lemuel H. Redd 
 
 Speaker, William Glasmann. 
 
 FIFTH LEGISLATURE, 1903. 
 
 SENATORS. 
 
 First District H. S. Larsen 
 
 Second District Alonzo G. Barber 
 
 Third District J. G. M. Barnes 
 
 Fourth District David McKay, Edward M. Allison 
 
 Fifth District J. R. Murdock 
 
 Sixth District Hoyt Sherman, S. H. Love, George N. Lawrence, William 
 
 N. Williams, Simon Bamberger. 
 
 Seventh District Henry Gardner, C. E. Loose 
 
 Eighth District , George C. Whitmore 
 
 Ninth District C. P. Larsen 
 
 Tenth District Willis Johnson 
 
 Eleventh District A. B. Lewis 
 
 Twelfth District 1... Harden Bennion 
 
 President, Edward M. Allison. 
 
 REPRBSENTAT I VES. 
 First District ...F. W. Fishburn 
 
STATEHOOD. 115 
 
 Second District Thomas H. Merrill, David R. Roberts, William W. Hall 
 
 Third District Robert McKinnon 
 
 Fourth District Mary G. Coulter, Amasa S. Condon, Archibald McFar- 
 
 land, John C. Child. 
 
 Fifth District James A. Anderson 
 
 Sixth District .....David Stoker 
 
 Seventh District William Spry 
 
 Eighth District Heber A. Smith, James W. Cahoon, Thomas Hull, John 
 
 J. Stewart, Daniel McRae, Albert L. Hamlm, Willard 
 Done, Albert H. Nash, James N. Haslam, Charles Brink 
 
 Ninth District Edward P. Evans 
 
 Tenth District James B. Wilson 
 
 Eleventh District John Q. Stone, George Austin, Stephen L. Chipman 
 
 Charles A. Tietjen. 
 
 Twelfth District R. Colton 
 
 Thirteenth District George H. Adams 
 
 Fourteenth District William Metcalf, Lorenzo Peterson 
 
 Fifteenth District Edwin C. Lee 
 
 Sixteenth District Joseph E. Johnson 
 
 Seventeenth District Alma Molyneux 
 
 Eighteenth District Asa R. Hawley 
 
 Nineteenth District .-... Charles W. Watts 
 
 Twentieth District William H. Barrett 
 
 Twenty-first District William E. White 
 
 Twenty-second District Willis E. Robison 
 
 Twenty-third District Alfred Luther 
 
 Twenty-fourth District Morgan Richards, Jr 
 
 Twenty-fifth District David H. Morris 
 
 Twenty-sixth District Joel H. Johnson 
 
 Twenty-seventh District Wayne H. Redd 
 
 Speaker, Thomas Hull. 
 
 THE SENATORIAL ELECTIONS. 
 
 There was not much friction in the matter of choosing 
 the first two Senators for the State; in this respect the Re- 
 publicans set their Democratic successors an example which 
 was wholly ignored. The former got together in caucus the 
 night before the day designated by law for the first ballot to 
 take place the second Tuesday of the session and made 
 the election proper merely a matter of form by choosing 
 Frank J. Cannon by acclamation, he thus becoming Utah's 
 
116 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 first Senator, and Arthur Brown on the first ballot by only 
 two votes over C. W. Bennett. The two houses, following 
 the Federal statute, first voted separately, and as the lower 
 house voted a little ahead of the other it happened that the 
 first Representative on the roll James Andrus, of Washing- 
 ton county had the honor of casting the first vote for United 
 States Senator ever given in this State. He, like his fellow 
 Democrats, voted for Joseph L. Rawlins and Moses Thatcher, 
 the vote standing: 
 
 Senate Cannon 12, Brown 12, Thatcher and Rawlins 
 5 each, one absent. 
 
 House Cannon 31, Brown 29, Thatcher and Rawlins 
 14 each, Bennett i, C. C. Goodwin i. 
 
 SECOND SENATORIAL ELECTION. 
 
 This contest was memorable. It developed a* degree of 
 interest in and out of the Legislature equal to almost any in 
 the history of the country. There were several candidates. 
 There were fifty-six Democrats, three Republicans and four 
 Populists in the body, the votes of the latter being of course 
 merely complimentary, given first to one favorite, then an- 
 other. But the Democrats, with all their ponderous majority, 
 scattered just as badly until the finish, which was on the 53d 
 ballot in the fourth week of the session, when Joseph L. 
 Rawlins was elected, receiving thirty-two votes to twenty- 
 nine for Moses Thatcher and one for Henry P. Henderson, the 
 latter for several ballots having received a larger vote than 
 Mr. Rawlins; on the final ballot his following in a body (with 
 one exception Senator Daniel Hamer, of Weber) left him 
 and went over to Rawlins, these with one Republican, Repre- 
 sentative A. J. Hansen, of Garfield. making the necessary 
 votes for election. Mr. Thatcher was undoubtedly the most 
 popular candidate of all, every mention of his name eliciting 
 some token of approval from the always crowded auditorium. 
 He had fallen under the displeasure of his file leaders in the 
 Mormon Church, of which he was an Apostle, in not obtain- 
 
STATEHOOD. 117 
 
 ing approval before entering the Senatorial race, and as his 
 supporters, or many of them, let it go out that an election 
 would "vindicate" him, the more orthodox among the Church 
 members in the Legislature, regarding a vote for him as a 
 blow at their religion, held aloof, while nearly if not all were 
 personally friendly and regarded him as an eminently fit man 
 for the place. As one of the legislators expressed it, "the 
 Church is not allowed to mix up with politics, and I propose 
 to see that politics does not mix up with the Church." Al- 
 though Mr. Rawlins proved an able Senator, it is well as- 
 sured that Mr. Thatcher would have been quite as strong and 
 influential. 
 
 Two days later, at a joint session appointed for the pur- 
 pose, speeches were made by Senator-elect Rawlins, Messrs. 
 Thatcher, Henderson, O. W. Powers, Governor Wells and 
 Fisher S. Harris, for all of whom votes had been given. 
 
 THIRD SENATORIAL CONTEST. 
 
 Notwithstanding the fact that the Democrats had fully 
 two-thirds of the membership in each house, they failed to 
 elect a Senator in this contest. A. W. McCune was the 
 leading candidate and he was within two or three votes of an 
 election on several ballots, but the opposition to him in the 
 ranks of his own party was able to prevent his choice and 
 ran the session out on that footing. There were several can- 
 didates the one named, W. H. King and O. W. Powers, 
 Democrats, Frank J. Cannon, Silver Republican, and George 
 Sutherland, Republican, with more or less scattering continu- 
 ally. Late in the session and at a time when it looked as if 
 Mr. McCune would win on the next ballot, a great sensation 
 was sprung by Representative Law, of Cache county, who 
 arose from his seat and stated that the evening before he had 
 been bribed by McCune, who offered $1,500 for the legis- 
 lator's vote, $80 of which was paid and turned over to the 
 Salt Lake chief of police. Because of this two or three 
 members who had been opposing and were supposed to have 
 

 STATE OFFICERS, 1903. 
 
STATEHOOD. 119 
 
 been won over, along with a few who had been supporting 
 him, failed to fall in line and an investigation, which proved 
 to be trying and tedious, was ordered. Two reports were 
 made, one exonerating, the other mildly denunciatory; mean- 
 time his normal strength had returned but he never got any 
 further. Conspiracy was freely charged but never proved, 
 and the whole subject was left where it fell. 
 
 As a result of this failure, the Utah Legislature, in 1905, 
 will have had an experience so unique as to be unrivaled in the 
 whole country's history, I believe that is, a Senatorial elec- 
 tion at each of six consecutive sessions. Truly, this com- 
 munity is a record maker in more ways than one! 
 
 FOURTH SENATORIAL ELECTION. 
 
 Before the solons had fairly settled down to the business 
 which brought them together as law-makers, in January, 
 1901, the Republican members who were largely in the ma- 
 jority got together in caucus, and after a long and interest- 
 ing contest, nominated Thomas Kearns for Senator. In this 
 race were some strong candidates W. S. McCornick, bank- 
 er; O. J. Salisbury, capitalist; A. L. Thomas, postmaster of 
 Salt Lake City; Thomas Fitch, lawyer and orator of national 
 repute, and ex-Senator Arthur Brown. Mr. -Reams' choice 
 was subsequently ratified by the assembly, all the Republi- 
 cans voting for him. The complimentary vote of the Demo- 
 crats went to A. W. McCune. 
 
 FIFTH SENATORIAL ELECTION. 
 
 By far the most expeditious piece of work the Utah 
 Legislature ever accomplished, in the matter of electing a 
 Senator, was that of the Fifth State assembly in electing 
 Reed Smoot to the position. But one ballot was taken in 
 caucus and one in each house, the vote standing as follows: 
 
 Senate Smoot 10, Governor Wells 2, Rawlins 6. 
 
 House Smoot 37, Governor Wells 3, Rawlins 5. 
 
 Mr. Smoot is a zealous Republican (he is mentioned at 
 
120 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 length elsewhere), so is Governor Wells, while Mr. Rawlins 
 is a Democrat, the incumbent of the Senatorship who was dis- 
 placed by Mr. Smoot. 
 
 GENERAL ELECTIONS. 
 
 As previously stated, the first general election was just 
 previous and preparatory to Statehood, and its results are 
 elsewhere given. 
 
 THE SECOND 
 
 one occurred the following year and it overturned things 
 political completely, the State changing from a Republican to 
 an overwhelmingly Democratic one. William J. Bryan for 
 President received a majority over William McKinley of over 
 51,000; the candidate of the Democrats for Congress 
 William H. King had some 20,000 less, but still enough; 
 the falling off in his case being caused by the Silver Repub- 
 licans supporting the nominee of the "straight" element of 
 the party Lafayette Holbrook while supporting the Bryan 
 electors. Every county but three went Democratic, Salt Lake 
 county by about 5,000. 
 
 THE THIRD ELECTION 
 
 occurred in November, 1898, when a Representative to Con- 
 gress, Judge of the Supreme Court and Legislature were 
 chosen. The tickets were 
 
 Democratic: Congressman, Brigham H.Roberts; Judge, 
 R. N. Baskin. 
 
 Republican: Congressman, Alma Eldredge; Judge, 
 Charles S. Zane. 
 
 Populist: Congressman, Warren Foster; Judge, J. N. 
 Bowman. 
 
 The Democratic ticket was successful throughout. 
 
 FOURTH ELECTION. 
 
 This was another Presidential year 1900 and an- 
 
STATEHOOD. 121 
 
 other u flop" was marked up to Utah's credit, or otherwise, as 
 the reader prefers. The leviathan Democratic majority of 
 four years previously and the small one of two years before 
 were sent sailing dismally into the gulf of Smithereens and a 
 Republican preponderance about equaling that of the first 
 election took place. The McKinley and Roosevelt electors 
 J. R. Murdock, C. E. Loose and W. K. Walton were 
 chosen, George Sutherland was elected Congressman over 
 W. H. King and G. W. Bartch Judge over J. W. N. White- 
 cotton. The Legislature was also Republican. The suc- 
 cessful candidates all Republicans otherwise were: 
 
 Governor, HeberM. Wells, over James H. Moyle; Sec- 
 retary of State, James T. Hammond, over Fisher S. Harris; 
 Attorney General, M. A. Breeden, over A. J. Weber; Audi- 
 tor, C. S. Tingey, over Henry N. Hayes; Treasurer, John 
 De Grey Dixon, over R. C. Lund; School Superintendent, 
 A. C. Nelson, over Nathan T. Porter. 
 
 The Socialists and Prohibitionists were also in the field 
 but their vote was not important. 
 
 FIFTH ELECTION. 
 
 For Congressman, Joseph Howell, an ex-State Senator of 
 Cache county, defeated W. H. King by a decisive plurality, 
 and W. M. McCarty did the like for Richard W. Young in 
 the matter of the Supreme Court Judgeship. The Legis- 
 lature was strongly Republican, its personnel and status ap- 
 pearing in the proper place. 
 
 The Socialists ran Matthew Wilson for Congress and 
 Warren Foster for Judge, their vote showing a marked in- 
 crease, but not enough to amount to anything practical. 
 
 UTAH STATE OFFICERS, 1903. 
 
 CONGRESSIONAL. 
 
 U. S. Senators v ... J Thomas Kearns 
 
 " ( Reed Smoot 
 
 Representative Joseph Howell 
 
 s 
 
122 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 EXECUTIVE OFFICERS. 
 
 ELECTIVE. 
 
 Heber M. Wells Governor 
 
 James T. Hammond Secretary of State 
 
 C. S. Tingey State Auditor 
 
 John D. Dixon State Treasurer 
 
 M. A. Breeden Attorney General 
 
 A. C. Nelson Superintendent of Public Instruction 
 
 APPOINTIVE. 
 
 A. F. Doremus State Engineer 
 
 Gomer Thomas Coal Mine Inspector 
 
 Waller J. Beatie Bank Examiner 
 
 John Sharp Fish and Game Commissioner 
 
 Moroni Heiner Food and Dairy Commissioner 
 
 Charles DeMoisey Commissioner Bureau of Statistics 
 
 GOVERNOR'S STAFF OFFICERS. 
 
 Charles S. Burton Adjutant General 
 
 Nephi W. Clayton . Quartermaster General 
 
 William J. Shealej* Commissary General 
 
 S. H. Pinkerton Surgeon General 
 
 Benner X. Smith Judge Advocate General 
 
 Morris L Ritchie Inspector General 
 
 George A. Seaman General Inspector of Target Practice 
 
 Edward S. Ferry Aide de Camp 
 
 John D. Spencer Aide de Camp 
 
 John Q. Cannon Brigadier General N. G. U. 
 
 JUDICIARY. 
 
 Robert N. Baskin Chief Justice Supreme Court 
 
 George W Bartch Justice 
 
 William M. McCarty Justice 
 
 Charles A. Hart Judge First District 
 
 Frank K. Nebeker Attorney First District 
 
 Henry H Rolapp Judge Second District 
 
 A. B. Hayes Attorney Second District 
 
 C. W. Morse , 
 
 S. W. Stewart (.Judges Third District. 
 
 C. W. Hall ) 
 
 D. C. Eichnor Attorney Third District 
 
 John E. Booth Judge Fourth District 
 
 A. C. Hatch Attorney Fourth District 
 
 Thomas Marioneux Judge Fifth District 
 
 Joshua Greenwood Attorney Fifth District 
 
 John F. Chidester Judge Sixth District 
 
STATEHOOD. 123 
 
 Joseph H. Erickson .- Attorney Sixth District 
 
 Jacob Johnson Judge Seventh District 
 
 William D. Livingston Attorney Seventh District 
 
 George L. Nye Reporter Supreme Court 
 
 L. P. Palmer... State Librarian 
 
 STATE BOARDS. 
 
 Board of Pardons Governor, Attorney General, three Supreme Judges. 
 
 Board of Examiners Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney General. 
 
 Board of Loan Commissioners Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney 
 General. 
 
 State Board of Insane Asylum Commissioners Heber M. Wells, Gov- 
 ernor; C. S. Tingey, Auditor; John DeGrey Dixon, Treasurer. 
 
 State Board of Corrections Heber M.. Wells, Charles Read, Fisher 
 Harris, Elias A, Smith. 
 
 State Board of Land Commissioners Heber M. Wells, Byron Groo, T, 
 D. Reese, Herschel Bullen, James A. Melville. 
 
 State Board of Education Joseph T. Kingsbury, A. C. Nelson, William 
 J. Kerr (ex-officio members), William S. Marks, William Allison, 
 
 State Board of Equalization Robert C. Lund, John J. Thomas, Thomas 
 D. Dee, Swen O. Nielsen. 
 
 Regents of the University Joseph T. Kingsbury Cex-officio member), 
 Emma J. McVicker, Frank Pierce, William W. Riter, Waldemar Van Cott, 
 A. H. Lund, James Sharp, Moses Thatcher, Rebecca E. Little. 
 
 Trustees Agricultural College W. S. McCornick, Geo. C. Whitmore, 
 Mrs. Emily S. Richards, Lorenzo Hanson, Mrs. J. E Bagley, Evan R. Owens, 
 John A. McAllister. 
 
 Trustees State Industrial School Angus T. Wright, N. C. Flygare, 
 Richard T. Hume. 
 
 Trustees School for Deaf and Dumb Maud May Babcock, John Wat- 
 son, Mrs. A. B. Coiay, Fred W. Chambers, M. L. Ritchie. 
 
 State Board of Horticulture Joseph Hyrum Parry, Thomas Judd, B. H. 
 Bower, 
 
 State Board of Health and Vital Statistics F. S. Bascom, T. B. Beatty. 
 Martha A. Cannon. A. F. Doremus, S. H. Allen, Frank B. Steele, Willard Y. 
 Croxall. 
 
 Board of Pharmacy C. H. McCoy, James L. Franken, W. W. Cook, 
 T. H. Carr, B. F. Riter. 
 
 State Board of Medical Examiners D. C. Budge, A. S. Condon, 
 Briant Stringham, A. C. Ewing, Elias S. Wright, J. C. Hanchett, R. W. 
 Fisher. 
 
 State Board of Dental Examiners W. G. Dalrymple, B. H. Bucher, 
 Harry W. Davis, George E. Ellerbeck, A.S. Chapman, 
 
 State Board of Labor, Conciliation and Arbitration J. S. Daveler, E. 
 A. Wall. John Nicholson. 
 
124 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 D. A. and M. Society, Directors of Nelson A. Empey, Septimus W. 
 Sears. Mrs. Simon Bamberger, John S. Bransford, Wiley Cragtm, Maurice 
 K. Parsons, George Adams, John C. Cutler, Thomas H. Smith, Ruth M. Fox, 
 John H. Seely, James G. McDonald. 
 
 . Utah Silk Commission Mrs. Margaret A. Caine, Mrs. Ann C. Wood- 
 bury, Mrs. Elizabeth Packard, Mrs. Rachel Siegel, Miss Maria E. Zundel. 
 Utah Art Institute George M. Ottinger, H. L. A. Culmer, Mrs. Edna 
 W. Sloan, Miss Mary Teasdel, Mrs. Alice M. Home, S. T. Whittaker, Alan 
 L. Lovey. 
 
 FEDERAL OFFICIALS FOR UTAH, 1903. 
 
 District Judge John A. Marshall 
 
 District Attorney Joseph Lippman 
 
 Marshal Ben B. Hey wood 
 
 Revenue Collector Edw. H. Callister 
 
 Register of the Land Office Frank D. Hobbs 
 
 Receiver of the Land Office George A. Smith 
 
 Surveyor General Edward H. Anderson 
 
 Special Agent Interior Department.. Percy S. Sowers 
 
 Inspector Railway Mail Service M. M. Steele 
 
 THOMAS HULI,, 
 
 Speaker of the last House of 
 Representatives, 1903. 
 
 GEORGE M. CANNON, 
 
 President of the first State Senate, 
 1896. 
 
GROWTH OF POLITICS 
 
 NO PARTIES FOR SOME TIME, THEN PLENTY 
 
 OF THEM. 
 
 IT was regarded as a fixed fact, until demonstrated other- 
 wise, that when the Mormons swung loose from their 
 home-brewed party and took up with the political vintage in 
 vogue elsewhere, they would be found Democratic to a man. 
 Undoubtedly there were more Democrats than anything or 
 all things else for some time, but their ranks not only failed to 
 contain the entire adult roll of the Church but did not show 
 such names as Joseph F. Smith, John Henry Smith, Francis 
 M. Lyman, Mathias F. Cowley and several others who were 
 strongly suspected of membership in rather good standing in 
 that religious organization. A reference to the immediately 
 previous chapter of this book, as well as this one, shows at a 
 glance that Utah has so far been a most decided ''wobbler," 
 with a strong tendency at the present writing to Republican- 
 ism. The attitude of the Democratic party on the expansion 
 question, which came into existence three or four years ago, 
 together with its predilection for low tariffs, sent its members 
 by the thousand over to the other side; whether they will stay 
 there or not is a case of quien sabe, depending largely upon the 
 wisdom and justice with which one party uses power, and the 
 honesty and energy with which the other one bids for it. Be- 
 sides, there are the Socialists, a growing host, to be reckoned 
 with. 
 
 It might as well be understood, where it is not already, that 
 the generality of mankind are not prone to steadfastly following 
 sentimental theories or practical abstractions for the accomplish- 
 ment of political or other ends; and one purpose of this book 
 is to. show that the Saints of the latter days, while peculiar 
 
126 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 in some respects, are not so in all. That (like people else- 
 where) some things will be conceded for the sake of organ- 
 ization and concerted action in the upholding of certain lines 
 of political policy, is of course; but that the term "belonging" 
 to a party implies physical and mental ownership of the indi- 
 vidual so belonging is not of course as relates to a very great 
 proportion of the voters, enough at least to hold the balance 
 of power. Let a person's bread be buttered with sentiment 
 and nothing else for a while, and he is mighty apt to seek a 
 change of stomach through a change of heart. It is doubt- 
 less safe to say, in view of the foregoing, that the great body 
 of the Mormons take politics as they do medicine not be- 
 cause of hankering after it particularly, but for the good it is 
 supposed to do; they prefer a brisk organization to a slow 
 one, with an up-to-date programme rather than one that is be- 
 hind the times, all the while realizing that too much swiftness 
 in reaching ends aimed at is apt to be like the same thing in 
 reaching railway stations the greater the speed the greater 
 the risk, and in case of accident the damage to a flyer is cor- 
 respondingly greater than to a slow-goer. In conclusion, it is 
 proper to say that as between friends and foes, the Mormons 
 have a tolerably unvarying preference for the former. 
 
 In the beginning and for many years Utah had no politics 
 or political. parties. The people being practically of one mind 
 and having in view the accomplishment of common objects 
 were not specially in need of anything of the kind, the intro- 
 duction of which, as they could plainly see, must inevitably 
 entail division, strife and, it might be in the end, disruption. 
 The house was not for a long while to come prepared to divide 
 against itself, although as individuals there was some little 
 party spirit felt and displayed at times. In their isolated con- 
 dition the people would have been foolish to encourage such 
 breeches in their ranks as come of partisan strife, yet they 
 could not entirely dissipate the results of early training and 
 later associations, and the interest felt in the recurring Presi- 
 dential and even Congressional contests was far from being 
 
GROWTH OF POLITICS. 127 
 
 apathetic. As in all the other cases spoken of, however, con- 
 tact with increasing numbers of opponents from the outside 
 world could have but one result political division. This be- 
 gan, according to some people's views, quite early enough and 
 in a way that brought but little satisfaction with it. Instead 
 of establishing the organizations that existed elsewhere and 
 making contests on those lines, the ones who brought on the 
 division in society created a new line of demarcation by com- 
 ing out squarely for opposition to the Mormon Church as the 
 cardinal and basic principle of their political faith, but of this 
 later. Such action had a tendency the reverse of what was 
 expected, since when the people found they had real oppo- 
 sition because of their beliefs and practices to contend with 
 again, such a state of things aroused them from the partially 
 dormant condition which lack of friction always produces, and 
 instead of only a portion voting it became well nigh a unani- 
 mous thing! A common peril united them as before, and not 
 only this, but rekindled something of the old fervor. 
 
 THE LIBERAL PARTY. 
 
 THE first indication of the coming political tempest was 
 early in 1867, v.hen a handful of anti-Mormons got together in 
 Salt Lake City and proceeded with all the solemnity possible 
 under the circumstances to organize a party in consonance with 
 their peculiar views. This they did and eventually gave to the 
 new birth the name "Liberal." (The formal organization 
 took place February 9, 1870.) It was contended by many 
 who were opposed to the new deal, of course, and for a long 
 time that this was a misnomer; that when the principles, aims 
 and expectations of the "new movement" were taken into con- 
 sideration, the element of liberality in its broadest sense was 
 wholly wanting. However, we have it on the authority of 
 Shakespeare that names are not necessarily descriptive of the 
 
128 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 things named, and moreover the leaders claimed that they 
 were not using the word in its orthodox but its heterodox 
 sense, and with that understanding it achieved recognition 
 and no little prestige. The name, however, was not selected 
 without some little animadversion, during which other nomen- 
 clature was suggested, such as Independent, American, and 
 so on, the last named probably being thought too reminiscent 
 of the defunct Knownothing organization, and the first not 
 sufficiently comprehensive. So Liberal was finally decided 
 upon. 
 
 Whatever may have been the general purpose of the 
 organizers of the Liberal party, its chief pillar was, as stated, 
 opposition to the rule of the Mormon Church, growing 
 into undisguised opposition to the Church itself, thus bringing 
 into its folds at once almost the entire element called, for con- 
 venience sake, "outsiders," and meaning apostates from the 
 Church as well as Gentile accessions from elsewhere. The mem- 
 bership roll of the new party, then and afterwards, contained 
 the names of some men who were undoubtedly well meaning, 
 high-minded and conservative in their disposition, men who, 
 while desirous that the national laws as they were be observed 
 by all classes, were non-bigoted and willing to concede a great 
 deal for opinion's sake so long as physical and mental pro- 
 gress were not impeded. Many, however, the majority no 
 doubt, were for a war under the black flag, accepting of no 
 compromises and enlisting no recruits who were not against 
 the "enemy" tooth and nail. These had their way until near 
 the finish and as a result the organization deprived itself of 
 strength at times which it might as well have had and kept. 
 As an illustration of this, we need only turn to the revolt of 
 1869, for some time popularly known as the "Godbeite" 
 movement, which threatened but failed to become a schism 
 within the Mormon Church, A weekly publication issued by 
 W. S. Godbe and E. L. T. Harrison and called the Utah 
 Magazine, in one of its issues of the period referred to advo- 
 cated the opening and working of the mineral resources of 
 
GROWTH OF POLITICS. 
 
 129 
 
 the Territory, which even then were known to be immense. 
 This was regarded as premature (for reasons which appear 
 in the sketch of Brigham Young and incidentally elsewhere 
 herein) and the offending brethren they were brethren then 
 and several of their associates were promptly disciplined. 
 The recalcitrants being stubborn, their expulsion from the 
 Church followed. They were in almost every instance men 
 of education, integrity and high social standing, among them 
 being Henry W. Lawrence, Eli B. Kelsey, and the two named. 
 
 They naturally drifted to 
 the Liberal organization, 
 which received them with 
 open arms, but they soon 
 found that non-Mormon- 
 ism was not enough; that 
 it must be anti-Mormon- 
 ism straight from the 
 shoulder or nothing. Some 
 few made the plunge, but 
 the most of them did not 
 and at once became men 
 without a party. 
 
 Speaking of the first 
 contest on the new lines 
 the contestants in which 
 were the late Hon. W. H. 
 Hooper as the People's 
 candidate, and one W. M. 
 McGrorty, to fortune and to fame both previously unknown, 
 representing the Liberals a little book entitled "The Practi- 
 cal Politician," by the writer of these chapters, contains the 
 following information : 
 
 "Measured as an antagonistic element, the showing made 
 would have been, but for what it portended later on, simply 
 absurd; it was the very point of littleness finely sharpened. 
 Hooper's vote as compared with McGrorty's was as hundreds 
 
 WM. H. HOOPER. 
 
130 UTAH AS IT JS. 
 
 to one; but the latter was the nucleus around which all ele- 
 ments opposed to the great majority were destined to cluster 
 and increase; lines of opposition had been formed at last and 
 no more forever, while mortality prevails, were the returns 
 for a general election to show a unanimity for any cause or 
 shade of belief. The situation became at once the People's 
 party (the name adopted by the majority) in possession, with 
 the Liberal party as claimant and contestant. 
 
 "Things went on in this way for a good while, the gain 
 in the Liberal vote being much greater proportionately than 
 in that of the People. The former organization spread, its 
 ramifications extending to all the mining camps and the larger 
 towns of the Territory. It carried nothing, however, till in 
 1874, when it claimed and took possession of the offices in 
 Tooele County, against the earnest protest of the other side 
 who claimed that the Liberal vote in Ophir, East Canyon and 
 Stockton (its strongholds then) had been 'padded' to suit the 
 occasion. Be that as it may, possession was taken, after legal 
 proceedings had been invoked, and held for two years. The 
 county was immediately dubbed 'the Republic 7 by the jubi- 
 lant Liberals and its occupancy by their forces hailed in very 
 much the same spirit as was the capitulation of Vicksburg by 
 the people of the North during the war. It was a short-lived 
 incumbency, however, for when the two years had expired 
 the victors became the vanquished and withdrew from the 
 field, not having returned since. The advent of the Pacific 
 Railway had previously brought the town of Corinne into ex- 
 istence, and w r hile it is now but a fragment of its original and 
 long-time self, it was quite populous for several years and was 
 nearly unanimously Liberal, but even this could not outweigh 
 the heavy People's vote in the county outside of Corinne, so 
 the practical advantages gained were nil" 
 
 Captain Hooper, as he was familiarly called, was the 
 People's efficient representative in Congress for several terms, 
 two or three of them occurring after this episode. His next 
 opponent was George R. Maxwell, in 1869, who made a con- 
 
GROWTH OF POLITICS. 131 
 
 test for the seat and was effectually turned down. He (Cap- 
 tain Hooper) was succeeded in 1873 by George Q. Cannon, 
 who held the position until April 19, i882,when he was rejected 
 because of implied immorality! In all the range of political 
 history it would be difficult to find anything at all approaching 
 this for Pharisaical absurdity and gross injustice, but it is use- 
 less to dwell upon it now. 
 
 More substantial results followed. In 1889 the Liberals 
 succeeded in capturing the city of Ogden. The following 
 year, after one of the most exciting and systematic political 
 contests ever carried on anywhere, they obtained control of 
 Salt Lake City and kept on carrying it until in 1894, when it 
 went down to defeat by a coalition of opposing elements and 
 its disbandment followed soon after. The formal dissolution 
 occurred in November of that year. 
 
 As previously suggested herein, the organization of the 
 party had no fixed date, but became a crystallization of the 
 sentiment in existence which was opposed to Church rule 
 and in favor of temporal progress along the lines of estab- 
 lished precedents. In other words, like "Topsy," it "jess 
 growed," and when it had grown to a certain stage of 
 development it took shape and started up in business. As is 
 shown, it grew with tolerable rapidity, but its growth was 
 not, as has been asserted, a gauge of the extent to which the 
 non-Mormon influx was going on, for its numbers were 
 almost as numerously added to by accessions of seceders 
 from the Mormon faith as otherwise this, of course, after the 
 differences between the two elements previously spoken of 
 had been adjusted. However, until the gigantic contest of 
 1890, it was, notwithstanding its increasing strength, a more 
 or less undisciplined, awkward squad, aiming at abstractions 
 and impracticable things and never equal to its full self for 
 want of organization and leadership. At this time Judge O. 
 W. Powers (elsewhere spoken of) came upon the scene and 
 things all at once began to change. It did not take the lead- 
 ers of the People's party long to discover that they were up 
 
132 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 against something, and that walk-overs were at last matters 
 of memory only. All recognized, before the campaign closed, 
 that one of the most compact, systematic and best disciplined 
 forces was arrayed against the hitherto unbeaten hosts in pos- 
 session of the citadel that ever went afield. Regularity per- 
 vaded everything. 
 Squads were formed, 
 named and numbered 
 in every nook and 
 corner of the city, 
 these being integral 
 parts of larger squads 
 and all merging into 
 a grand central zone 
 of which Judge Pow- 
 ers was the head and 
 front. Everything 
 focused at his head- 
 quarters, and he was 
 in touch with the re- 
 motest as thoroughly 
 as with the nearest of 
 the ramifications. Its 
 parades were page- 
 ants, its meetings up- 
 risings. One of its advertised processions was called off be- 
 cause of the violent weather it was February and the 
 People's managers as well as the rank and file had a good 
 time over this, chaffing the "enemy" because of his apparent 
 lack of stamina and inability to stand hardships; but this came 
 home to roost. The next great demonstration of the People's 
 party was attended by a condition of things in which Jupiter 
 Pluvius took a leading part. The rain came down in bucket- 
 fuls and the streets became miniature rivers floating slush a 
 foot deep. A proposition to adjourn was indignantly voted 
 down and the caravan was ordered to proceed. "The extra- 
 
 o. w. POWERS. 
 
GROW1H OF POLITICS. 133 
 
 ordinary march was begun" as one of the school readers 
 says of Napoleon's advance upon the Alps and continued 
 under circumstances far from inspiriting; it was "pulled off" 
 all right, but oh, how glad we were when it was all over! 
 ("We" is used in its proper sense; the writer carried a torch 
 and wore a plug hat, which the elements played hookey with.) 
 And thus it went along, yet strange to say there was not 
 much bitterness shown on either side. Franklin S. Richards, 
 the People's chairman, a fine and capable leader, would not 
 stoop to that line of policy, and Judge Powers was like unto 
 him . Election day was almost as quiet as Sunday. Many 
 of us who had taken active parts in the campaign and 
 "bluffed" a good deal like the boy whistling as he goes 
 through a graveyard went up and voted with a feeling within 
 somewhat at variance with the outward expression that for 
 the first time we had voted on the losing side. The Liberals 
 won by an average majority of about 700- 
 
 The following year the Liberals carried Salt Lake 
 county, and again was the leadership of Judge Powers mani- 
 fested. He remained in charge until the wind-up, then went 
 into the ranks of the organization from which he had never 
 withdrawn except in a purely local sense, the Democratic 
 party. His qualities of leadership, however, were not to be 
 thus obscured and he was again placed at the fore with the 
 baton of command; he has led that organization through 
 many trying periods and to many victories. 
 
 Charges and counter-charges were numerous. It was 
 held by many that all the Liberal victories, but especially that 
 of 1890, were won by colonization and other schemes peculiar 
 to the urban political system of this age; but they "got there 
 just the same" and enjoyed the spoils without molestation. 
 
 A GENTILE ELECTED IN 1860 LAST OF THE 
 
 DELEGATES. 
 BEFORE proceeding further, a due regard for chronolog- 
 
134 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 ical order demands that the name of the Delegate to Con- 
 gress for the term beginning March 4th, 1861, and ending on 
 the same date in 1863 be given a mention; it was John F. 
 Kinney. He was previously Chief Justice of the Territory. 
 Judge Kinney was a Gentile and the Congressional honor 
 which he coveted was given him over the heads of a good 
 many of the other people, and this too at a time when, had he 
 run on the kind of platform that McGrorty went to pieces on, 
 he would probably have received similar treatment. 
 
 A special election was 
 held to fill the vacancy caused 
 by the rejection of Delegate 
 Cannon; this resulted in the 
 choice of John T. Caine. He 
 subsequently served in the 
 same capacity five full terms, 
 during the whole time of 
 which the anti-Mormon feel- 
 ing increased rather than 
 abated, and the gentleman 
 had a rather trying time of it. 
 Carrying through favorable 
 legislation of a political char- 
 acter was a rank impossibil- 
 ity and so he devoted his at- 
 tention to averting as many 
 of the blows aimed at the 
 great majority of his con- 
 stituents as possible, and 
 
 to getting out as much of the malice and invidiousness as 
 might be from those measures which he could not avert. 
 He was as successful in this laudable industry as any one 
 could have been at such a time. One notable instance in 
 point was that famous piece of special legislation known to 
 history, literature and the people of Utah as the Edmunds- 
 Tucker bill. The writer hereof was disfranchised by it for 
 
 JOHN T. CAINE, 
 
GROWTH OF POLITICS. 135 
 
 three years, not because of having too much matrimony in his 
 social career, but solely because, rather than take an oath 
 never to "aid, abet, assist or encourage" those who were in 
 that position, which was a condition of retaining the franchise, 
 the latter might go and stay gone. There were doubtless 
 many more in the same class, but I am unable to speak with 
 certainty, or at least definiteness, as to them. 
 
 Caine's Congressional career closed March 4th, 1893. 
 The division on national lines of politics previously occurring, 
 and of which more will be said hereafter, had made it proper 
 that representatives of the two great national organizations be 
 selected to make the contest, which occurred in November, 
 1892. The Democrats nominated Joseph L. Rawlins, the 
 Republicans Frank J. Cannon, and after a spirited campaign 
 the former won by a substantial majority, but was defeated 
 by Mr. Cannon two years later. Both were faithful envoys 
 of the Territory and both have been rewarded by election to 
 the United States Senate. 
 
 We are now fairly well upon the field of the newer po- 
 litical situation, and it might as well be gone over thoroughly 
 while we are at it. While not strictly the work of the Pio- 
 neers or those succeeding them in the imperishable honors of 
 laying the foundation of and supervising the commonwealth 
 structure as the building went along, politics, parties and all 
 that sort of thing had to come and met with no opposition 
 when they came for the reason that the time was ripe. 
 
 GROWTH OF THE NATIONAL PARTIES. 
 
 OF COURSE there were many desultory attempts to get 
 things political here into shape as they were elsewhere before 
 the consummation actually arrived. The first real start in 
 this direction occurred in the spring of 1872, during what is 
 remembered as the Greeley Presidential campaign with its 
 tragic outcome. The white-hatted sage of Chappaqua was a 
 
136 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 prime favorite with a great many people of Utah, embracing 
 every shade of opinion otherwise, and if Statehood had been 
 in possession then it is a reasonable guess that he would have 
 carried our electoral vote by a comfortable majority; on the 
 other hand, had he been chosen, it is a fair presumption that 
 he would not have stood in the way of admission. He was a 
 man of broad and conservative views, not at all prejudiced 
 and without a trace of bigotry in his composition, a staunch 
 friend to the West and Western interests, and to refuse would 
 have had to be confronted with more potent arguments than 
 that the people who settled the country and made it a part of 
 the Federal domain were in the majority. But it was not so 
 recorded in the book of fate; not only this, but the broad- 
 minded old man himself, broken-hearted by defeat and the 
 death of his loved and loving wife, went down prematurely 
 to the grave. 
 
 At the time referred to, the leaven of Democracy and 
 Republicanism which had never weakened very much with 
 those who brought it here, began to show signs of fomenta- 
 tion. In an indirect way we could even then participate to a 
 small extent in the Presidential contest, the Territory being 
 entitled to representation in the national conventions of those 
 parties, and to select these Territorial conventions must be 
 held. The Republicans led out. Pursuant to call duly made 
 they assembled at the City Hall in this city on the 5th of 
 April. The meeting was called to order by Abram Hatch, 
 who nominated Franklin D. Richards for chairman, John 
 Nicholson being made secretary. The report of the creden- 
 tials committee showed all parts of the Territory represented, 
 something remarkable for a time so far back and a beginning 
 at that. Thomas Fitch and Frank Fuller were elected dele- 
 gates to the national convention with George A. Smith and 
 William Jennings alternates. A Territorial committee was 
 appointed and the convention adjourned. 
 
 The Democrats got together at the same place two days 
 later. Dr H. J. Faust called to order, and named Hadley D. 
 
GROWTH OF POLITICS. 137 
 
 Johnson as chairman, W. C. Campbell being the secretary. 
 Thomas P. Akers and E. M. Barnum were chosen delegates. 
 A Territorial committee was also selected. 
 
 Then came a long lull until November, 1884, during 
 which interval the People's party and the Liberals had the 
 political field all to themselves, always to the disadvantage of 
 the latter. On that date a number of young men of Demo- 
 cratic proclivities assembled in the law office of Sheeks & 
 Rawlins in this city and proceeded to form an organization in 
 accordance with their inclinings. It was called the Demo- 
 cratic club of Utah, and during the latter part of its existence, 
 some two years, reveled in an organ, which filled the bill in 
 name if not in any other respect the Salt Lake Democrat. 
 
 THE SAGEBRUSH DEMOCRACY. 
 
 THE real beginning of the new system of things political 
 in Utah was when, in October, 1888, a hundred or more 
 Democrats, old and young, got together in the old City Hall, 
 Salt Lake City, and brought themselves into existence, so to 
 speak. They were from all parts of the Territory, those from 
 a distance being either in attendance on the Mormon Church 
 conference which , was then in session, or having taken advan- 
 tage of the reduced railway rates always given on such occa- 
 sions to visit the city. It had and has been claimed that there 
 were other previous Democratic gatherings of Territorial 
 magnitude, and this is true, in a sense, as shown, but these 
 were so early in the political season that all the participants 
 failed to grasp the consequence of what they were engaged 
 in, and at least a few, being subsequently if not then Repub- 
 licans in national feeling, and still more whose political under- 
 standing was not full-orbed, must have had a somewhat confused 
 idea of what it was they were at. The party convention 
 business was a comparatively new thing in Utah at that time, 
 and anything that was labeled "convention" was sure, like 
 the net cast into the sea, to bring in all kinds of fish. Un- 
 
138 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 doubtedly there were some pretty strong, prominent, intelli- 
 gent men in attendance, or the gatherings might have "gang 
 agley" badly. It is also not forgotten that another conven- 
 tion of the Democracy was held in 1886, when Col. Ferry, of 
 Park City, was nominated for Delegate to Congress, but this 
 was a Liberal as well as a Democratic affair, no Mormons 
 being admitted, and the probabilities are that it was about as 
 incongruous as the other; also there have been conventions to 
 elect delegates to the national conventions. To the Sage- 
 brushers, then, must be accorded the honor of having set the 
 ball of the new dispensation rolling. 
 
 Those who took the most active and prominent part in 
 the convention were George C. Whitmore (now State Sen- 
 ator), of Nephi; W. H. King, ex-Judge and ex-Congress- 
 man, then ot Fillmore; ex-Judge W. N. Dusenberry, S. R. 
 Thurman, A. O. Smoot, Jr. and Dr. W. R. Pike, of Provo; 
 F. R. Kenner and W. K. Reid, of Manti; A. W. Ivins, of 
 St. George;- Dr. J. M. Benedict, H. J. Faust, S. W. 
 Darke, H. D. Johnson and S. A. Kenner, of Salt Lake. 
 The meeting was largely impromptu, having been brought 
 together by call through the papers and personal notification, 
 so nothing of the cut-and-dried kind was in evidence. Judge 
 Dusenberry was elected chairman and S. W. Darke secre- 
 tary. All hands felt a sort of Faneuil Hall responsibility 
 resting upon them and the feeling that each was a patriotic 
 pioneer whose work w r ould be a broad, bright mark in the 
 history of the commonwealth was distinctly existent and 
 plainly manifest. It being a mass convention the usual pre- 
 liminaries could not be had; there could be no committee on 
 credentials, because there were but few if any with creden- 
 tials, but finally a motion carried to have a similar committee 
 whose duty it would be to report a list of those entitled to 
 participate, and with such a crude beginning the work went 
 forward. 
 
 The papers treated the gathering variously; ridicule, sar- 
 casm, reproach and even contempt were visited upon the 
 
GROWTH OF POLITICS. 139 
 
 conventioners, the most prominent in its antagonistic sarcasm 
 being the Tribune, which gave them the name by which they 
 became known, they holding that, while designed as a meas- 
 ure of ridicule, the term was quite appropriate, "as no one 
 ever knew sagebrush to grow on unfruitful soil." They got 
 no support from any paper in the Territory until they char- 
 tered a little affair at Nephi and sent the "war-horse" of De- 
 mocracy, Hadley D. Johnson, down to conduct it. 
 
 It was a question for some time (the convention was in 
 session some twelve hours) as to whether or not the members 
 would have the individual temerity to nominate a candidate 
 for Delegate to Congress, and whether the one so named 
 would care to make the race with an infilading fire from two 
 hostile forces pouring in on him from start to finish. The 
 first recess had been taken and two or three hours had been 
 spent in speech-making over resolutions and anything that 
 came up; the hall was packed with eager spectators among 
 whom was a constant buzzing and occasionally an audible 
 "wonder if they will?" The wonder didn't last long. With- 
 out previous warning a member arose to his feet and amid 
 breathless silence obtained the eye of the chair, all seeming 
 instinctively to realize what was coming. "I move you, sir," 
 he said, "that we now proceed to nominate a candidate for 
 Delegate to Congress." Then the spell was broken and the 
 erstwhile silence was punctuated with discordant sounds. 
 The motion carried, being opposed only by A. W. Ivins and 
 one or two others. 
 
 S. R. Thurman was nominated on the second ballot, the 
 only others that were voted for being Dr. Pike, who was a close 
 second, and S. A. Kenner, whose support was not consequen- 
 tial. The nomination was made unanimous, and after the 
 cheering and general tumult was over another crucial ques- 
 tion was before the assembly. Nearly all those people were 
 members in good standing of the dominant Church, other- 
 wise the "People's party,' 7 and would the Democratic 
 nominee have the hardihood to accept and make a fight? 
 
140 
 
 UTAH AS IT fS. 
 
 Would the rest of us have the nerve to support him actively, 
 knowing that to do so meant at least a temporary withdrawal 
 from the beaten path in which we had walked so pleasurably 
 and so long? 
 
 The discussion that followed the nomination was long 
 and animated, being broken in upon by another recess, after 
 
 which it was resumed, and 
 finally matters were brought 
 to a focus by War-horse 
 Johnson moving that the 
 nominee take the stand and 
 let us know what he intended 
 to do. It was thought by 
 many that the proper thing 
 for him would be to decline 
 on the ground that it had 
 not been intended at the 
 outset to put up a candidate, 
 but merely to organize, and 
 that therefore the thing was 
 sprung upon him. He took 
 the stand with conflicting 
 emotions contending for the 
 mastery plainly manifest up- 
 on his countenance. "Gen- 
 tlemen," said he, "this ac- 
 tion on your part was wholly unexpected by me. While 
 seeking and asking for nothing, I still appreciate in the fullest 
 manner the great honor you have done me. While I had 
 rather it had fallen elsewhere, I will not treat it slightingly. I 
 accept the nomination and will make the race, and " 
 
 But he got no further for awhile. The shouts and cheers 
 not only stopped him but well-nigh cracked the plastering and 
 broke the window panes. "Sam" was all at once the lion of 
 the hour. Judge King was the happiest man in Utah and 
 "Brother" Johnson looked twenty years younger. (He was 
 
 S. R. THURMAN. 
 
GROWTH OF POLITICS. 141 
 
 a man who did not take his Democracy in a diluted con- 
 dition, and he lived long enough to enjoy the fruition of his 
 hopes in the complete establishment of national party lines.) 
 A campaign was inaugurated and carried along vigorously, 
 y many who would not at that time permit themselves to be 
 disclosed as sympathizers subscribing liberally to the expense 
 fund. The Salt Lake Herald, which had given the move- 
 ment encouragement all along, suddenly found itself unable 
 to stand the pressure and went to the support of the "People's" 
 candidate, John T. Caine, he being then an owner in that 
 paper; its reasons for such action were so peculiarly put forth 
 that the Tribune got in a good blow on it, saying, "If there 
 is anything more mysterious than the Herald 's flop, it is the 
 Herald's explanation of its flop." The Sagebrushers felt 
 quite elated over the vote polled for their ticket 511, this 
 being the short notice and other things considered quite a 
 showing for a commencement. Although the organization 
 exists only as a memory now, it is by many a most cherished 
 one. When the writer was doing time in the second State 
 Legislature he kept a bunch of sagebrush upon his desk, the 
 chief merit of which performance was that it didn't hurt 
 anybody. 
 
 THE BEGINNING BEGINS AT LAST. 
 
 IT WAS not until June, 1890, that a movement looking to 
 the actual breaking up of existing things in a political way 
 and a realignment on national lines took place. At this time 
 a meeting was held at the office of United States Marshal 
 Frank H. Dyer (subsequently deceased), at which a com- 
 mittee was appointed to consider the feasibility of abandon- 
 ing local organizations and beginning in earnest the order of 
 things at present prevailing. Other meetings were held, and 
 finally a clufr was formed and a declaration of principles 
 adopted; of this, all who favored the Democratic cause (Mor- 
 
142 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 mons included) were invited to become members. A great 
 many did so. Soon after, Chairman Franklin S. Richards, of 
 the People's party, realizing and appreciating the logic of 
 circumstances, called the Salt Lake County Committee to- 
 gether for the purpose of considering the question of disband- 
 ing the party, which was done. Then came the more 
 weighty question of dissolving the Territorial organization. 
 On June 10, 1891, the committee of the latter met in this 
 city, whereat the following offical pronunciamento was unani- 
 mously adopted: 
 
 "Whereas, a radical change has taken place in the polit- 
 ical situation of this Territory; the progressive people of 
 various parties have determined to abandon old strifes, to 
 dissolve merely local combinations and to make national ques- 
 tions paramount; 
 
 "Whereas, both Democrats and Republicans who for- 
 merly united with the so-called Liberal party for the 
 purpose of overcoming the People's party, have severed that 
 connection and have organized under their respective party 
 lines and principles; 
 
 "Whereas, each of these organizations has repudiated the 
 'Liberal' policy, designed to destroy the political liberties of 
 the majority of our people, and have declared against disfran- 
 chisement except for crime determined by due process of law; 
 
 "Whereas, they have invited the citizens of Utah, re- 
 gardless of difference in religious views, to join with them 
 in working for the political redemption of this Territory; 
 
 "Whereas, the chief necessity for the existence of the 
 People's party has been the compact union and destructive 
 desires of the 'Liberal' faction, which is now in process of 
 reluctant dissolution; 
 
 "Whereas, the People's party has always cherished the 
 great principles of popular sovereignty, local self-govern- 
 ment and national supremacy in national affairs, which both 
 the great national parties recognize, while differing as to minor 
 matters; 
 
GROWTH OF POLITICS. 143 
 
 "Whereas, several of the county organizations of the 
 People's party have determined that the time has come when 
 they can safely dissolve their local party associations and can 
 labor more efficiently both for the welfare of Utah and the 
 growth and glory of the United States by uniting with one or 
 the other of the national parties; and, 
 
 "Whereas, it is desirable that the dissensions and strug- 
 gles which have heretofore hindered the development and 
 progress of this Territory should be left behind and obliterated 
 in the march of its people toward their high destiny. Now, 
 therefore, be it 
 
 "Resolved, that it is the sense of the Territorial Central 
 Committee of the People's party of Utah, that the party 
 throughout the Territory should dissolve and leave its mem- 
 bers free to unite with the great national parties according to 
 their individual preference." 
 
 This action was promptly accepted by the Democrats, who 
 at a subsequent meeting took the necessary formal steps in 
 the shape of preambles and a resolution, the latter being as 
 follows : 
 
 "Resolved, first, that it is the sense of this committee 
 that the Democratic party of Utah accepts the act of the dis- 
 solution of the People's party as done in all sincerity and good 
 faith, and will give to its former members who may unite 
 with it a cordial welcome. Second, it rejoices in the belief 
 that we are now entering upon a period of good will, wherein 
 the animosities engendered by past local contentions will be 
 healed and that the people of the Territory, while contending 
 for the supremacy of the national party of their choice, will 
 unitedly work in peace and without bitterness and strife for 
 the prosperity and happiness of the Territory. Third, that a 
 committee composed of the chairman and three other mem- 
 bers of the committee prepare and issue an address to the 
 Democrats of this Territory, calling upon them to unite as one 
 man in an effort to build up the party in Utah." 
 
 Then it was in order for the Republicans to "show 
 
144 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 their colors," which they were nowise slow or unwilling to 
 do. A called meeting was held in the Theatre in this city on 
 the 2Oth of May following. The gathering was a monster, 
 the house being crowded to the doors. On the stage were 
 C. W. Bennett as chairman and H. G. McMillan as secretary, 
 with a number of prominent local Republicans. The pre T 
 vailing sentiment as to division or no division on national lines 
 was about equally divided, with perhaps a slight majority in 
 favor of the former. A stormy session was held, the speak- 
 ers being cheered at times and hooted at others in accordance 
 with the predilections of those who made the demonstrations. 
 Finally the pending motion was put, to forsake local issues 
 for national Republicanism, which the chair declared carried 
 amid a good deal of confusion. Those who voted "aye" 
 subsequently acted in accordance with such vote, those who 
 opposed remaining with the Liberals until that organization 
 disbanded on November 18, 1894. 
 
 THE "SAGEBRUSH" INSPIRATION. 
 
 EARLY in May, 1888, a Democratic Territorial con- 
 vention was held in Ogden for the purpose of electing two 
 delegates to the national convention at St. Louis and choosing 
 a Territorial committee. It was a "corker," and as illustrative 
 of the state of feeling existing at the time and showing what 
 difficulties had to be overcome in establishing national lines 
 here, it is given a place in this chapter. 
 
 It was an open secret that Mormon delegates would not 
 be admitted, and but few were elected anyway. Among these 
 were the following : W.H. King, Millard county ; S.R. Thurman, 
 Utah county; C. C. Richards, Weber county; S. A. Kenner, 
 Salt Lake and Sanpete counties. Judge R. K. Williams, of 
 Ogden, who was not a Mormon, but so well connected with 
 them by reason of business associations and friendly feelings 
 
GROWTH OF POLITICS. 
 
 145 
 
 as to be rated one (a "jack Mormon" was what he was 
 called), shared the same fate as his associates. Five of the 
 Gentile delegates championed the cause of the Mormons and 
 insisted upon their being seated, their election and credentials 
 being regular; they were Joseph L. Rawlins, Ben Sheeks, 
 J. G. Sutherland, H. S. Laney and one other, whose name 
 cannot at present be recalled. Needless to say, their labors in 
 favor of a square deal were wholly unavailing; indeed, it 
 looked at times as though they were placing their own seats 
 in jeopardy by their zeal and persistence. 
 
 The ball opened by Chairman W. C. Hall, of the State 
 committee, calling to order, and before he could proceed any 
 further Mr. Rawlins was on his feet to name a temporary 
 
 chairman. Cries of "Sit 
 down," "Go on, "etc., became 
 somewhat terrific, but .finally 
 Mr. Hall succeeded in an- 
 nouncing that Judge Powers 
 had been selected by the 
 committee as temporary 
 chairman, and amid consider- 
 able confusion the judge ad- 
 vanced to the stage and took 
 
 the chair. The circus was 
 on, but the greater attractions 
 came later. 
 
 The usual proceedings 
 took place, chief of which 
 was the appointment of 
 committees on credentials 
 and platform, and then oc- 
 w. H. KING. curred the customary re- 
 
 cess. When the re-as- 
 sembling occurred and the committees' reports were read the 
 expected happened. The credentials committee had excluded 
 the Mormons, along with Judge Williams, and the resolutions 
 
146 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 contained a provision that membership in the party be not 
 recognized in those who were also members of the People's 
 party. More turmoil ensued, but everything went as sched- 
 uled. Then it was that the outcasts decided to remain any- 
 way and participate as far as possible, feeling that they had 
 as much right there as those who had voted them out. The 
 scenes following were at times so boisterous, rapid and even 
 dangerous that, being related from memory, they cannot all 
 be told. Once a deputy U.S. marshal approached Delegate 
 W. H. King and was about to place his hand upon that gen- 
 tleman's shoulder, when the latter exclaimed, 
 
 "Keep your damned hands off me, or you'll wish you 
 had!" 
 
 "Well, preserve order, then," said the official. 
 
 "I am a delegate to this convention, and 'don't take or- 
 ders from you!" responded the indignant delegate, and with 
 a little more sparring the incident closed, but there were 
 plenty more of the same kind. 
 
 When the reading of the resolutions had reached the 
 point where they declared that "we can have no affiliation 
 with those professed Democrats who hold membership in the 
 'People's party'" had been read, the delegate from Salt 
 Lake and Sanpete called out, "I move to amend by inserting 
 after the word 'People's' the words 'or Liberal.' ' Another 
 jangle ensued, but finally Judge E. D. Hoge managed to be 
 heard, and moved that "tnose persons who are here by the 
 sufferance of this convention be compelled to behave or else 
 be expelled from the house." The dual delegate immediately 
 responded, "We are not here by sufferance; this is as much 
 our convention as yours." This brought the deputy marshal 
 back to the storm center, and a scene similar to that which 
 occfurred in the case of Delegate King took place. And thus 
 it went. All the Mormons (and Judge Williams) finally with- 
 drew, one of them saying, as the exodus occurred, "Let's go 
 and hold a decent convention." They assembled elsewhere, 
 but didn't do much but protest just then. 
 
GROWTH OF POLITICS. 147 
 
 S. A. Merritt (whose initials spell the name which a 
 good many of his acquaintances have called him by) was per- 
 manent chairman of the convention. In his opening speech 
 he said, among other things, "A man's first allegiance is to 
 his country, his next allegiance is to his party." Whereupon 
 one of the subsequently expelled irreconcilables called out, 
 "Where does God come in?" "Nowhere," the chairman 
 condescended to reply. "He has nothing to do with political 
 
 r entions." 
 
 Did the chairman build wiser than he knew? 
 
 JUDGES AND JUDICIAL DISTRICTS. 
 
 FOLLOWING are the Chief Justices of Utah from the first: 
 
 Heber C. Kimball, 1848-1850 Alexander White, 1875-1876 
 
 Joseph Buffington, 1850-1851 Michael SehaefFer, 1876-1879 
 
 L. G. Brandebury, 1851-1852 John A. Hunter, 1879-1884 
 
 Lazarus H Reed, 1852-1853 Charles S Zane, 1884-1887 
 
 John F. Kinney. 1853-1858 Elliott R. Sandford, 1887-1889 
 
 Delano R. Eccles, 1858-1860 Charles S. Zane, 1889-1893 
 
 John F. Kinney, 1860-1863 Samuel A. Merritt, 1893-1896 
 
 John Titus 1863-1867 Charles S. Zane, 1896-1899 
 
 Charles C. Wilson,. 1867-1870 George W. Bartch, 1899-1901 
 
 James B. McKean, 1870-1874 James A. Miner, 1901-1903 
 
 David P. Lowe, 1874-1875 Robert N. Baskin, 1903 
 
 The names of the Associate Justices from the beginning, 
 in the order of their appointment or election, are as follows: 
 
 John Taylor, H. K. Whitney, Perry C. Brocchus, Zerubbabel Snow, 
 Leonidas Shaver, George P. Stiles, W. W. Drummond, E. D. Potter, Charles 
 E. Sinclair, John Cradlebaugh, Charles B. Waite, Thomas J. Drake, Enos D. 
 Hoge, Solomon P. McCurdy, Cyrus M. Hawley, O. F. Strickland, Jacob S. 
 Boreman, Charles S. Emerson, Stephen P. Twiss, Henry P. Henderson, Or- 
 lando W. Powers, Thomas J. Anderson, John W. Blackburn, John W. Judd, 
 George W. Bartch, William H. King, H. W. Smith, Henry H. Rolapp, James 
 A. Miner, Robert N. Baskin, William M. McCarty. 
 
 (The present Supreme Court members having been pre- 
 sented in the foregoing lists and in company with the other 
 
148 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 State officers, the District or nisi prius Judges and District 
 Attorneys are here given a place by themselves.) 
 The judicial districts and officers are as follows: 
 
 First district Cache, Box Elder and Rich Counties. Charles H. Hart, 
 Judge; Frank K. Nebeker, Attorney. 
 
 Second district Weber, Morgan and Davis Counties. Henry H. Ro- 
 lapp, Judge; A. B. Hayes, Attorney. 
 
 Third district Summit, Salt Lake and Tooele Counties. William C. 
 Hall, Charles W. Morse and Samuel W. Stewart, Judges; Dennis C. Eichnor, 
 Attorney. 
 
 Fourth district Utah, Wasatch and Uintah Counties. John E. Booth, 
 Judge; A. C. Hatch, Attorney. 
 
 Fifth district Juab, Millard, Iron, Beaver and Washington Counties. 
 Thomas Marioneux, Judge; Joshua Greenwood, Attorney. 
 
 Sixth district Sevier, Piute, Wayne, Garfield and Kane Counties. John 
 F. Chidester, Judge; Jos. H. Ericksen, Attorney. 
 
 Seventh district Sanpete, Carbon, Grand, Emery and San Juan Coun- 
 ties. Jacob Johnson, Judge; W. D. Livingston, Attorney. 
 
 The elections for these occur at the same time as the 
 Presidential elections, the term being four years. All vacan- 
 cies occurring during a term are filled by appointment of the 
 Governor, the appointee holding office till the next general 
 election and his successor qualifies. Each District Court has 
 a stenographer appointed by the Judge thereof. At least 
 four terms of court per annum must be held at the county 
 seat of each county. District Judges must be at least twenty- 
 five years old and "learned in the law." The number of 
 Judges and the boundaries of districts may be changed by 
 law, but no district can have more than three Judges. Sal- 
 ary, $4,000 a year. (The Supreme Judges receive $5,000 
 a year.) 
 
 Former Judges were Ervin A. Wilson, Fourth district, 
 who held the office but a short time and resigned on account 
 of ill health. He was succeeded by Warren N. Dusenberry, 
 who remained in office until April, 1898, when he resigned 
 and was succeeded by Judge Booth. E. V. Higgins served 
 in the Fifth district from the beginning up to January, i, 
 1901, when he was succeeded by Judge Marioneux. W. M. 
 
GROW1H OF POLITICS. 149 
 
 McCarty served in the Sixth district from the beginning up 
 to January i, 1903, when he took the seat on the Supreme 
 bench to which he had been chosen in the preceding general 
 election. He was succeeded by J. F. Chidester, formerly 
 Attorney of that district. 
 
 The law creating the District Attorneyships was passed 
 in 1899, and four appointments were made, pursuant to the 
 statute, to fill the places till the general election the following 
 year. These were Fourth district, A. C. Hatch; Fifth dis- 
 trict, Thomas Marioneux; Sixth district, John F. Chidester; 
 Seventh district, F. E. Wood. 
 
 THE ROBERTS CASE. 
 
 IN THE general election of 1898, as shown in a previous 
 chapter, Brigham Henry Roberts was the Democratic nomi- 
 nee for Representative to Congress; Alma Eldredge repre- 
 sented the Republicans and Warren Foster the Populists. 
 An animated campaign resulted, made somewhat more so by 
 the. charges of polygamous relations openly and persistently 
 made against Mr. Roberts. He opened his canvass in Provo 
 about the middle of October, the meeting being held in the 
 Opera House, which was thronged, the expectation that he 
 would either affirm or deny the correctness of the charges 
 being of itself a drawing card. The audience was disap- 
 pointed in this; although his address, which was quite lengthy, 
 was a most able and eloquent one, showing great research 
 and careful consideration of the subjects dealt with, his family 
 affairs were not even hinted at. The principal, practically 
 the only feature of the speech was the silver question, the 
 speaker planting himself squarely upon the bi-metallic side of 
 the controversy and presaging a campaign upon that issue. 
 But the ignoring of the polygamy charges by him was by no 
 means getting rid of them, but exactly the reverse, his oppo- 
 nents, notably the Tribune, pelting him with all manner of 
 
150 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 verbal missiles, even going into uncalled-for personalities to 
 make his alleged transgressions as conspicuous and odious as 
 possible. Nevertheless he was chosen by a large majority 
 and of course a much larger plurality. The Republican can- 
 didate yielded gracefully, but not so the Populist; having re- 
 ceived as many as 2,000 and odd votes against over 35,000 
 for Mr. Roberts and nearly 30,000 for Mr. Eldredge, he de- 
 cided to make a contest! It came to nothing, however, unless 
 it was to keep the situation a little more prominently before 
 
 the Nation than might 
 otherwise have been the 
 case. The fight that 
 was made upon Mr. 
 Roberts was more dis- 
 cordant than system- 
 atic. It was not made 
 by Republicans alone 
 but the Tray, Blanche 
 and Sweetheart of every 
 shade of opinion (apart 
 from his own) joined 
 in. "The purity of the 
 home," "the sanctity 
 of the fireside," and oth- 
 er stock catch-phrases 
 which had done duty 
 
 in many anti-Mormon campaigns, were brought out anew 
 and worked to a frazzle. , A long and tedious investiga- 
 tion by a committee of the House of Representatives 
 took place, the upshot of which was the vacating of the 
 seat. Mr. Roberts then returned to Utah and resumed his 
 customary duties without displaying his bruises if he had 
 any or in any manner airing his grievances, if he had any to 
 air. He is concededly a most able man and would undoubt- 
 edly have made an exceptional Representative. 
 
 A special election to fill the vacancy in Congress was 
 
 B. H. ROBERTS. 
 
GROWTH OF POLITICS. 
 
 151 
 
 held in the April following. James T. Hammond, the Re- 
 publican candidate, was defeated by William H. King by a 
 substantial majority. 
 
 THE LATEST SENATOR. 
 
 THE Senatorial contest previously spoken of, which was 
 the fifth and resulted in the election of Reed Smoot, created 
 
 wide-spread in- 
 terest and 
 threatened for 
 a while to pro- 
 duce a turmoil 
 equal to that oc- 
 casioned by the 
 Roberts case, 
 but at this writ- 
 ing but little 
 has come of it, 
 although the 
 new Senator 
 was charged 
 with polygamy 
 and various 
 other things. 
 At the extra 
 session of the 
 Senate, on the 
 fifth of March, 
 1903, he was 
 sworn in with- 
 out opposition 
 and proceeded 
 
 iwth the performance of his duties as though nothing unusual 
 had happened. . A fine portrait is here given and a personal 
 sketch of the new Senator appears elsewhere. 
 
 REED SMOOT. 
 
THE PRESS. 
 
 THE FIRST PAPER IN 1850 THE GREAT 
 ARRAY NOW. 
 
 WHEN the reader is confronted with the statement that 
 Utah leads the world in the matter of newspapers, 
 he may be disposed to incredulity for a while; but if he will 
 take the pains to follow this chapter to its finish, then com- 
 pare the number of publications with the population, the state- 
 ment will be found well within the facts. If any town with 
 not less than 1,000 inhabitants is without its local paper, there 
 can be found as an offset another town with not exceeding 
 2,000 people that has two papers. And the support given 
 them is, on the average, fully up to that of the generality of 
 publications of the same class anywhere. 
 
 The pioneer paper of Utah is the Deseret News, the first 
 number of which was published in June, 1850. Among 
 other effects brought across the plains by the exiles of '47 
 were a Ramage hand press a little larger than a clothes 
 wringer and a complement of type and printer's fixtures which 
 would now be looked upon as very primitive indeed. Still, 
 they answered the purpose very well and certainly amounted 
 to more than could have been expected at such a time and 
 under such circumstances. The paper was naturally a min- 
 iature affair, eight pages of three columns each, equal to 
 about a five column folio of the present day. The editor was 
 Willard Richards, one of the Church Presidency, and while 
 his collation of journalistic matter was by no means ponder- 
 ous or profound it was doubtless satisfactory for the time and 
 no doubt has been the means of dispelling some of the gloom 
 which hard times, scanty subsistence and remoteness from the 
 world produced. Mr. Richards must have been in possession 
 
THE PRESS. 153 
 
 of a degree of temerity which could hardly be found among 
 the fraternity today, for in that first number he not only sig- 
 nified a willingness to publish homespun poetry, but actually 
 invited his readers to send it along! He died in 1854 anc * 
 was succeeded in the editorial chair by Albert Carrington; 
 then came Elias Smith in 1859, w ^ ne ^ down the job in 
 a very acceptable manner till 1863, when Albert Carrington 
 returned to the bat for a long inning. Afterwards George 
 Q. Cannon, David O. Calder, Charles W. Penrose, John Q. 
 Cannon and Mr. Penrose again had a hand at the bellows. 
 During the greater part of Mr. Penrose's first term he had as 
 associate editor John Nicholson, who, by reason of the for- 
 mer's absence (for causes which kept a good many good men 
 away from home at that time), was practically editor in chief 
 and . won no little distinction for his stalwart and uncompro- 
 mising attitude on matters affecting his Church and his peo- 
 pie. ' 
 
 In January, 1854, t ^ ie -News changed from a semi-monthly 
 to a weekly. 
 
 The present force is: Charles W. Penrose, editor in 
 chief; J. M. Sjodahl, associate editor; Horace G. Whitney, 
 business manager and dramatic editor; John A. Evans, cash- 
 ier; John E. Hansen, city editor; Alfales Young, telegraph 
 editor; Alex. Buchanan, assistant city editor; George E. Car- 
 penter, railroad reporter; Edwin C. Penrose, sporting editor; 
 Joseph Hyrum Parry, agricultural editor; Josephine Spencer, 
 literary and society editor; R. J. Jessup, commercial reporter; 
 Harry S. Harper, court reporter; L. H. Beason, mining re- 
 porter; Prof. W. S. Webster, educational reporter; Prof. John 
 Z. Brown, educational reporter; Eugene B. Lewis, general 
 reporter; R. K. Casper, general reporter; Alex. McMaster, 
 proof reader. 
 
 During those early days the News occupied a position 
 somewhat similar to that of a well-to-do country paper of 
 today in one of the outside towns. The editor, having a 
 dictionary and some other books containing information, 
 
 10 
 
154 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 getting papers from all around, and in addition being pre- 
 sumed, like the Supreme Court, to "know something," was a 
 kind of factotum for the community. Publishing but once a 
 week, and the whole sheet containing about as much matter 
 as the modern paper puts into two or three columns, he was 
 appealed to continually between times for enlightenment 
 upon every conceivable subject. Such incidents as this were 
 by no means uncommon : 
 
 Visitor (clad in homespun, coatless and unshaven) enters 
 
 , 
 
 DESERET NEWS OFFICE, 1850. 
 
 and says "Say, Judge, I got into a dispute with Hy Jenkins, 
 and want you to settle it." 
 
 Editor "All right. Spit it out." 
 
 Visitor "Who was it that shrieked when Kosciusko 
 fell?" 
 
 Editor "Why, 'freedom,' of course." 
 
 Visitor "Confound it, I've lost again! I bet it was Marco 
 Bozarris!" 
 
 The News used to receive in payment everything] from 
 setting hens to brindle steers, and from non-negotiable prom- 
 ises to the coin of the realm the latter being less frequent 
 
1BE PRESS. 
 
 155 
 
 than any other item in the entire category. If an employe 
 wanted to buy a lot or build a house, he could generally find 
 a landowner or some workmen who either owed the office 
 or were willing to take chances on it, and it did not matter 
 whether the employe's account showed a credit or a debit 
 
 DESERET NEWS BUILDING, 1903. 
 
 condition; if he could get things he wanted or have things 
 done "on the office," it went at that. A brotherly feeling 
 prevailed, somewhat resembling a practical application of 
 Socialism, and being behind in the world's affairs was not 
 considered a sufficient reason why a family should be home- 
 less or unfed; and when a big consignment of butter, eggs, 
 
156 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 flour or what not arrived from the country quite a common 
 occurrence they were divided around in proportion to the 
 size of one's family, the one with "something coming to him" 
 (very few of these) faring no better than the one in debt 
 up to his eyes; the editor, printer and devil were, for the pur- 
 poses of distribution, on a dead level. The number of hands 
 was not regulated by the amount of work to be done; all 
 applicants, if capable, were received, and each took his 
 chance. Every year the printers gave a ball in the Social 
 Hall, attended generally by numerous people in high stand- 
 ing outside the craft; the dancing v. ould begin not later than 
 7 p.m. and continue without intermission, except half an hour 
 at midnight for refreshments, until from 2 to 4 a.m. Talk 
 about enjoyment! It was absolutely unconfined on those 
 occasions. And of all that happy, fraternal aggregation of 
 some eighteen persons, all but about five have passed over the 
 divide and joined the immense caravan in the land of shades. 
 Joseph Bull, once foreman of the office; W. M. Cowley, com- 
 positor; D. J. Mackintosh, O. F. Lyons and the writer of these 
 lines, apprentices, stiil await the call to "move along and 
 make room." 
 
 The evolution of the printing office in Utah is well illus- 
 trated in the accompanying picture of the Deseret News 
 establishment and showing what it grew out of. At first 
 a little shack, which still stands and was almost as easy to 
 get on top of as into; now a great six story of brown stone 
 and iron, with all the modern appliances; beside this, there 
 is an immense annex, which was commenced as the building 
 proper was nearing completion, to which is attached the dis- 
 tinction of being the first eight story building in this part of 
 the country. It is all very wonderful, but, like other won. 
 ders, has already become so familiar that it is looked upon as 
 the merest matter of course. 
 
 The next journalistic venture to be "flung to the breeze" 
 was the Valley Tan, a rabid anti-Mormon weekly. Its first 
 issue was on November 5 3 1858, and being unable to exude 
 
THE PRESS. 
 
 157 
 
 its virus as fast as the same was generated, it passed away 
 through congestion of the spleen in less than two years, 
 "unhonored, unwept and unsung." Its editor was Kirk 
 Anderson, and he had the reputation of being the homeliest 
 
 EDITORS OF UTAH, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 (The first six of the group have pa*sel away; the others are very much alive.) 
 
158 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 man in the Territory. (The writer was not here then, and 
 was only a "kid" anyway). Where Kirk got the name of his 
 paper from is not disclosed. Some time before he opened 
 his batteries on the suffering Saints a distillery in the neigh- 
 borhood had got into the secret of producing a new variety of 
 the waters of Lethe to which the name of "Valley Tan" was 
 
 attached ; but whether the christen- 
 ing occurred before or after the 
 paper's advent, is another sealed- 
 up secret, so which was named 
 for the other is a conjecture. 
 They were, however, properly 
 endowed for a name in common, 
 both being long-range paralyzers. 
 After a draught of 'Valley Tan 
 (the fluid, not the paper), a com- 
 plete metamorphosis resulted; the 
 victim immediately became some- 
 body else, usually a man of some 
 distinction in military or political 
 circles; and after two or three 
 "snorts," he would as likely 
 as not place himself at the head 
 of an imaginary procession for hours at a time, his breath 
 being a cloud of smoke by day and his nose a pillar of 
 fire by night. I once saw a fellow under the "influence;" he 
 was standing on a pile of lumber at a street corner energetic- 
 ally flourishing a cane, and among other vehement ejacula- 
 lations was the following: "Attention, the whole world! 
 By nations, on your right wheel, march!" \nother man 
 was reported on; he had taken but one or two small doses, 
 but became so disconcerted that he went home and actually 
 made love to his own wife! This, however, may be exag- 
 geration; such things always grow with usage. (The reader 
 will be good enough to pardon this little digression). 
 
 The Mountaineer, a good-sized, well-appearing folio, 
 
 "ATTENTION, THE WHOLE 
 WORLD!" 
 
THE PRESS. 159 
 
 ably conducted by James Ferguson and Seth M. Blair, com- 
 menced publication here on August 27, 1859, but succumbed 
 to the inevitable two or three years later. 
 
 The Vidette was started on November 20, 1863, by mem- 
 bers of General Connor's command, it being the first daily in 
 this part of the world. It moved down to the city injanuary 
 following, and soon thereafter found its way to the journal- 
 istic cemetery that Salt Lake has proved itself to be. 
 
 On July 5, 1864, the first number of \htDaily Telegraph 
 made its appearance in Salt Lake City, and was at once 
 received with marked favor, the war news having become of 
 such absorbing interest that something more than a weekly 
 was demanded. T. B. H. Stenhouse was editor, and he showed 
 himself to be an enterprising, sagacious, wide-awake hand at 
 the business, although his previous experience in journalism 
 had been chiefly if not entirely as a correspondent. He. had as 
 assistants John Jaques and James McKnight, two men who 
 in that day were considered quite capable. T, G. Webber, 
 subsequently superintendent of the great Z. C. M. I. establish- 
 ment for several years, was Mr. Stenhouse's business man- 
 ager, and a most thorough one he was. The Telegraph had 
 a good, long run under prosperous circumstances for a while, 
 but the receding of the boom which had been precipitated by 
 the Pacific Railway's completion left business affairs so flat 
 that the paper, after fluctuating more or less, finally winked 
 out altogether. Mr. Stenhouse died in March, 1882, at San 
 Francisco. 
 
 Papers have come and gone in such great number since 
 then that to enumerate them would be a very exacting task, 
 and not sufficiently interesting to justify the trouble. Only 
 those at present in existence will now be dealt with, and they 
 will occupy all the available space. 
 
 THE DAILIES OF TODAY. 
 
 During the latter part of May, 1870, Edward L. Sloan, 
 William C. Dunbar and S. A. Kenner began a canvass for 
 
160 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 patronage looking to the publication of a new daily here, the 
 News at that time having the field all to itself. The fates were 
 propitious and on the 5th of the following month the advent 
 occurred with the name of the Daily Herald. The first named 
 was editor, the second business manager and the third went into 
 the mechanical department, preferring goodly "strings" ($30 
 to $40 a week) to speculation. After a few issues the force at 
 headquarters was augmented by John T. Caine, who took the 
 billet of general assistant. The paper at first was a six col- 
 umn folio, but was soon enlarged .to seven, then to eight col- 
 umns, and once got up to nine columns, but this proved a lit- 
 tle premature and was soon abandoned, but not for good, the 
 sheet having expanded and improved with the times and be- 
 ing now and for some years past a strictly metropolitan pro- 
 duction. The great Franco-Prussian war, breaking out soon 
 after the publication began and its shadows having overspread 
 Europe even at the beginning, helped things along wonder- 
 fully, and the paper received aid in various ways. During its 
 career it has had as editors, at different times, after Mr. Sloan's 
 death (August 2, 1874), E - N - Fuller, Byron Groo, C. W. 
 Penrose, B. H. Roberts and others more or less known to the 
 community, but the founder himself gave the Herald its status 
 and impetus, his aggressiveness, virility and knowledge of the 
 business giving him and it a wide reputation from the start. 
 Mr. Groo also worked up to an enviable position in the jour- 
 nalistic field, his untiring labors and comprehensive grasp of 
 public affairs redounding to the paper's welfare through a 
 long incumbency. Good words might properly be said of all 
 who have for periods or temporarily been at the Herald*^ 
 helm during the thirty-three years of its existence. 
 
 The Mormon Jribune (weekly) was begun at the begin- 
 ning of the year 1870, by seceders from the Church. On 
 April 15, 1871, other interests and influences being in control, 
 it was made a daily, "Mormon" was dropped from the title 
 as well as from friendly consideration, and as a more or less 
 pronounced opponent of the dominant Church it has contin- 
 
THE PRESS. 161 
 
 ued till the present time, albeit under the present management 
 the opposition is more incidental than persistent. 
 
 The Ogden Standard is a successor of the Herald of 
 that city, and it of the Junction, which was established Janu- 
 ary i, 1870. It is a paper of metropolitan tendencies and had 
 its beginning at the hands of that youthful Nestor of Utah 
 journalism, Hon. Frank J. Cannon, The present and for some 
 time editor and proprietor is William Glasmann, an extended 
 sketch of whom appears elsewhere. 
 
 The Enquirer, of Provo, was first issued on September 
 5, 1877, by its present editor, John C. Graham, and has con- 
 tinued uninterruptedly up to the present day, A portion of 
 the time it was under the control of James Clove. More re- 
 garding it appears elsewhere in these pages. 
 
 The Telegram i Salt Lake, was commenced in 1902. It 
 is an evening publication, independent and secular. D. .Elliott 
 Kelley is editor, and Wm. Butler manager. It is a six-column, 
 lo-page paper, sometimes larger. 
 
 The Reporter, a hotel and commercial publication, was 
 commenced November 21, 1890, and has been issued unin- 
 terruptedly up to the present time. Editor and manager, Jay 
 T. Harris. 
 
 THE LIST COMPLETE. 
 
 Following is a complete list, with descriptive mention, of 
 the papers published in Utah, alphabetically arranged:* 
 
 Advocate {Eastern Utah), Price. A well-appearing 
 weekly, 5-column quarto, issued by the Price Publishing 
 Co., at $1.50 a year. 
 
 American Eagle, Murray. An 8-page weekly, 18x24 
 inches, published by Martin A. Willumson. It is independent 
 
 *Where the county or other division of the State is part of the name, it 
 follows the title in the same type and in parenthesis; where the locality is 
 not geographical,, as "Dixie" or "Tintic," it is used as the paper uses it. 
 The name of the city or town in every case follows the other in Roman tpye. 
 Circulation figures are published as given by the editor or manager. 
 
162 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 in politics and religion, has a circulation of 3000 and is $1.50 
 a year. 
 
 Banner, Lehi. Established May 29, 1891. Weekly, inde- 
 pendent in politics, neutral in religion and enjoys a circulation 
 of 800 at $1.50 a year. George Webb, editor and manager. 
 
 Beobachter, Salt Lake; 8-page weekly in the German 
 language, advocating Mormonism. Conducted by J. H. Ward, 
 who founded it in 1890. The-only paper of the kind in this 
 part of the world. It has a good circulation and is $2 a year. 
 
 Bikuben, Salt Lake. A 4-column, 8-page weekly, in the 
 Danish language. Andrew Jenson and Charles V. Anderson, 
 editors and managers. Established in 1875. Circulation 
 1700, at $1.50 a year. 
 
 Bulletin, Bingham. A 6-column quarto, weekly, inde- 
 pendent, devoted to mining and general interests. It has a cir- 
 culation of 450 and is $2.50 a year. J. B. Graham, editor and 
 manager. 
 
 Character Builder, Salt Lake. Prof. J. F. Miller, editor, 
 W. F. Funk, manager. Its policy is indicated by its title, and 
 it has a large circulation. 
 
 Chronicle, West Jordan. Recently commenced publica- 
 tion; is a 6-column quarto, at $2 a year. J. A. Borlase, 
 editor. 
 
 Clipper (Davis County), Bountiful. Published on 
 Fridays by John Stahl, Jr. Is a 6-column folio, is not ad- 
 dicted to religious or political advocacy, and is $1.25 a year 
 with a circulation of 600. 
 
 Clipper, Kanab. Established in December, 1898. It is 
 published every Thursday and is independent in policy. W. 
 T. Dobson is editor. Price $1.50 a year. 
 
 Democrat ( Utah County}, Provo. A 4-page paper, 22x31, 
 issued semi-weekly by Wells R. McBride. It is Democratic 
 in politics but independent otherwise and devoted to the gen- 
 eral interests of Utah county; $2 a year. 
 
 Deseret News, Salt Lake. Evening and semi-weekly. 
 First number issued in 1850, a weekly and weakly proposi- 
 
THE PRESS. 
 
 163 
 
 tion then, but a metropolitan affair now, with a large circula- 
 tion. Daily, $9 a year, semi-weekly $2. C. W. Penrose, 
 editor; H. G. Whitney, manager. 
 
 Dixie Advocate, St. George. Established Sep. 6, 1901. 
 Published weekly at $1.^0 a year. It is independent with an 
 inclination to the Mormon side of any controversy. Circula- 
 tion, 500 and growing. Chas. S. Williamson, editor. 
 
 Enquirer, Provo/ Daily and semi-weekly. Eight pages, 
 
 13x20. Is Republican and Mormon and has a circulation of 
 
 1050 daily, and 2800 semi-weekly. John C. Graham, editor. 
 
 Enterprise, Ephraim. A 4-column, 4-page weekly, issued 
 
 on Thursdays. Local and independent, $i a year. 
 
 Express, Vernal. Established January i, 1901; is a 
 6-column folio and is published weekly by Dan H. Hillman. 
 It is the only paper in Uintah county, has a circulation of 700 
 and is $1.50 a year. Independent. 
 
 Free Lance, Marysvale. This is one of the most spright- 
 ly of the country papers. It is not great in size, but what 
 
 there is of it counts. It 
 is published weekly and 
 its utterances fully bear 
 out its name. Josiah F. 
 Gibbs, a man of consider- 
 able experience who, by 
 the bye, has the honor of 
 having been born in the 
 historic city of Nauvoo, 
 the event occurring in 
 1845 is editor and pro- 
 prietor. In addition to 
 his journalistic record he 
 is a thorough geologist 
 and a practical mining 
 man, qualities which are 
 
 j. F; GIBBS. 
 and of benefit to the paper. 
 
 of great advantage to him 
 He is one of the most indus- 
 
164 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 trious, capable, far-seeing men in the business and an all- 
 round good fellow, meriting the success he is receiving. 
 
 Free Press (Sanpete), Manti.. A 4-column, 8-page 
 weekly, successor to the Democrat. L. A. Lauber, pub- 
 lisher. $i a year. 
 
 Gazette, Gunnison. A weekly paper, six pages of six 
 columns each. Gledhill & Son, publishers. $2 a year. 
 
 Globe- Header, Pay son. Same general description as the 
 foregoing. In its I4th volume. 
 
 Good-win's Weekly, Salt Lake; established May 17, 1902. 
 This is an ably conducted publication, as would naturally be 
 expected of one having the veteran C. C. Goodwin as editor, 
 and his wide-awake and capable son, J. T., or "Tod" as he is 
 familiarly called, as business manager and general assistant. 
 Judge Goodwin had a wide reputation as a journalist before 
 coming to Utah some twenty years ago. Here he found a 
 new and peculiar field, and through the columns of the Trib- 
 une for all of that period except some three years last past, 
 he blazed and blistered, praised and preached, as occasion sug- 
 gested, making the paper admired by some, condemned by 
 many and read by a host, but under all circumstances add- 
 ing to its circulation and prestige, as well as his own repu- 
 tation. The Judge can tolerate nothing that does not con- 
 form to his standard of citizenship, which excludes all hypoth- 
 eses and conditions but those of unresisting obedience to ex- 
 isting laws, and all defenses presented in cases of violation 
 thereof are meretricious or evasive, as he manifestly views it. 
 Still, he is one of the best-natured of men, is generous in his 
 disposition and has a wide circle of friends. The Weekly is 
 $2 a year and is independent Republican in politics. 
 
 Grand Valley Times, Moab. Established in 1896. Editor 
 and manager, J. N. Corbin. Published weekly at $2 a year. 
 It is independent and is the only paper in southwestern Utah. 
 
 Great Campaign, Salt Lake. Issued during political 
 campaigns as often as occasion requires and circumstances 
 warrant. Neat, natty and nice, saying things in a way that 
 
THE PRESS. 165 
 
 no other paper does or wants to. The only exclusively politi- 
 cal publication in the State. Price, 25 cents per series and as 
 much more as can be got. It originated the plan of present- 
 ing portraits and sketches of candidates for office, in 1895, 
 and made a good thing of it, the business for some ten weeks 
 amounting to fully $3,000, all but about $200 of which was 
 cashed in. Others took up the scheme and now the woods 
 are full of them, making the grass correspondingly short. 
 S. A. Kenner is editor, proprietor, manager, director, pub- 
 lisher, supervisor, architect and all the rest of it. 
 
 Herald, Salt Lake City. Published every day in the 
 year. Price $10 per annum, 85 cents a month. Circulation 
 (for December, 1902) daily 8625, Sunday 11,995. Inde- 
 pendent Democratic. William Iglehart, editor and manager. 
 
 Improvement Era, Salt Lake. Organ of the Young 
 Men's Mutual Improvement Association. A monthly maga- 
 zine devoted to the moral advancement of the people gener- 
 ally and being contributed to by many of the prominent 
 writers of the State. It wields an influence for good which 
 grows with its own growth and is altogether worthy of the 
 great support it is receiving. Joseph F. Smith is editor with 
 Edward H. Anderson assistant; Heber J. Grant, business 
 manager and Thomas Hull assistant. It is $2 a year but 
 goes free to all missionaries. 
 
 Independent, Springville. A weekly, 8-column folio. D. 
 C.Johnson, editor, A. Gus Johnson, manager. Independent 
 in politics, neutral in religion. Established in 1891. Circu- 
 lation 450, price $1.25 a year. 
 
 Industrial Labor Journal, Salt Lake. A 4-column quarto 
 weekly devoted to Socialism and labor interests, conducted 
 by Mangum & King. It was begun September 27, 1902, 
 and is $i a year. 
 
 Industrial Utah, Ogden. Devoted to agriculture. Pub- 
 lished semi-monthly by B. F. Thomas at 50 cents a year. 
 Now in its fourth volume. 
 
 Intermountain Catholic, Salt Lake. An 8-page, 7-column 
 
166 UTAH AS IT IS. , 
 
 weekly. Catholic in religion, independent otherwise. It has 
 a circulation of 4200 at $2 a year. It was established in 1899. 
 D. S. Kendall, editor. 
 
 Intermountain Farmer, Salt Lake. A i6-page weekly, 
 established in 1901. J. A. Wright, editor and manager. 
 Circulation 3900; $i a year. 
 
 Intermountain News, Corinne. Established in 1898. It 
 is a 7-column, independent weekly, edited by A. A. Johnson, 
 and is $1.50 a year. It is the only paper published under the 
 great Bear River canal system. 
 
 Journal, Logan. Established in 1880. An 8-page, tri- 
 weekly paper, Democratic in politics. It has 3. circulation of 
 2850 and is $3 a year. A. Gordon is editor, C. England, 
 manager. 
 
 Juvenile Instrtictor, Salt Lake. A semi-monthly maga- 
 zine whose policy is partly but not wholly indicated by its 
 title. It was founded 38 years ago by the late President 
 Geo. Q. Cannon and conducted by himself and sons until 
 December, 1900, when it was purchased by the Sunday 
 School Union of the Mormon Church, which issued the first 
 number of 1901 and has been in control ever since. As above 
 suggested, it does not address itself wholly to the young, but 
 contains valuable matter for all ages and conditions in life. 
 Jos. F. Smith, editor, with George Reynolds and J. M. Tan- 
 ner assistants; George D. Pyper is business manager. Price 
 $2 a year. 
 
 Korresfondenten {Utah}, Salt Lake. Four pages, 15 ^x 
 22, published weekly by Otto Rydman. It is in the Swedish 
 language, is Republican in politics and "independent Mor- 
 mon" otherwise. It enjoys a circulation of 1465 and is $i a 
 year. 
 
 Messenger, Manti. A 6-column, 8-page weekly, estab- 
 lished ten years ago. Republican in politics. Christian Axel- 
 son is publisher and the price is $i a year. 
 
 Miner, Mercur. Established in 1895. Is a 5-column 
 quarto, conducted by J. T. Jakeman, who also issues the 
 
THE PRESS. 167 
 
 Stockton Sentinel, both weekly, the former independent, the 
 latter Republican. The rates are $2.50 a year in each case. 
 
 Mirror, Morgan. A 6-column, 6-page weekly, now in 
 its eighth volume. Orson W. Covington is publisher and it 
 is $i a year. 
 
 Mutual Improvement Messenger, Salt Lake. A 6x9 
 monthly publication, established in 1897. D. R. Lyon editor 
 and manager. Being circulated gratuitously it naturally has 
 a long publication list. 
 
 Nation, Logan. An 8-page, 6-column paper, issued 
 semi-weekly by E. T. Hyde. It is independent politically 
 and religiously, has a circulation of 1200 and is $2 a year. 
 
 News (Box Elder), Brigham City. Established in 1895. 
 It is an 8-page paper, 18x24, and is issued every Thursday. 
 Independent in policy with a circulation of 950, at $1.25 a 
 year. Hyrum Standing and S. C. Wixom are proprietors, 
 the former editor. 
 
 Oracle, Stateline. A 5-column, 8-page weekly in its 
 first volume. Stevenson and Overholt, proprietors; Miles 
 Overholt, editor and manager; $2 a year. 
 
 Plaindealer (Utah), Salt Lake. Conducted by W. W. 
 Taylor, who established it in 1895. It is published weekly 
 at $2 a year and is Republican in politics. 
 
 Press, Spanish Fork. Established January, 1902. A 
 weekly paper without political or religious inclining, at $1.50 
 a year. Andrew Jensen, editor. 
 
 Progress, Panguitch. Established in 1898, weekly, Re- 
 publican and Mormon, and $1.50 a year. E. S. Worthen, 
 editor and manager. 
 
 Pyramid, Mt. Pleasant. A semi-weekly, 6-column quar- 
 to, independent in policy. Started in 1889. J. M. Boyden 
 is editor and the price is $2 a year. 
 
 Reaper, Richfield. This paper was established in 1887 
 as the Advocate. It is 30x34 in size, weekly, independent 
 and has a circulation of 1025. A. B. Williams, editor; $1.50 
 a year. 
 
168 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Record (Iron County), Cedar City. Established December 
 8, 1893. A 6-column, 4-page weekly, independent and de- 
 voted to the building up of the county. Joseph T. Wilker- 
 son, Jr., editor. It circulates about 500 copies and is $i a 
 year. 
 
 Record, Mammoth. Established in 1896. Is Repub- 
 lican in politics, a 6-column quarto, devoted to the mining and 
 local interests, at $2 a year. I. E. Diehl, editor and manager. 
 Record, Nephi. Established June, 1897. J. T. Pyles, 
 editor and manager. It is published weekly, is a 5-column 
 quarto, has 780 circulation and is $i a year. 
 
 Record, Park City. This paper is a weekly of excel- 
 lent appearance and 
 showing consider- 
 able journalistic abil- 
 ity in its columns. It 
 has the honor of be- 
 ing the oldest of the 
 mining papers of 
 Utah, having been 
 established in 1880. 
 Raddon & Raddon 
 are the publishers 
 and proprietors. It 
 is Republican in pol- 
 itics and devoted 
 
 5. T R ADDON W A * RADDON 
 
 chiefly to the mining 
 
 interests of the Park particularly and the State generally. It 
 is $2 a year. 
 
 Report (Box Elder*), Brigham City. Christenson & 
 Christenson, editors and managers. An 8-page, 7-column 
 weekly, issued on Saturdays to the extent of over 1000. It 
 is devoted to the best interests of the country, is Republican 
 in politics and $1.25 a year. 
 
 Reporter, Eureka. Established in 1891. A 6-column, 
 8-page weekly of 1000 circulation, issued on Fridays and 
 
THE PRESS. 
 
 169 
 
 Republican in politics. It is edited and managed by C. E. 
 Huish at $2.50 a year. 
 
 Republican, Logan. A 6-column, 8-page paper, neatly 
 printed and well conducted, in its first volume. It is semi- 
 weekly and $2 a year, by Moore & Turner. The official 
 Republican organ of Cache county. 
 
 Sentinel, Stockton. (See Mercur Miner) . 
 Standard, Ogden. Daily and weekly. Its general poli- 
 tical policy is independent Republican. William Glasmann, 
 editor and manager; $9 a year. Also the weekly Sun is pub- 
 lished in the same office. 
 
 State Journal, Ogden. Published weekly by E. A. 
 Littlefield, one of the oldest and most experienced journalists 
 
 in the State, having a record of news- 
 papers issued under his hand and 
 seal, in various parts of the United 
 States, greater than any other man 
 in the State, or perhaps anywhere 
 else in the country. He was always 
 a Republican until late years, when 
 he became a Silverite and latterly a 
 Democrat of independent proclivi- 
 ties, his papers, of course, taking 
 their hue from his own inclining. 
 He is a bold and vigorous writer, a 
 deep thinker and a courageous, pro- 
 gressive citizen. The Journal was 
 commenced August 31, i8&6. 
 
 Sun, Ogden. (See foregoing.) 
 
 Sun, Salina. Established in 1901 by Arthur E. Howard, 
 a journalist of experience and such ability that some people 
 say he hides his light under a bushel or whatever other 
 measure is handy. He (the gender is proper as to either per- 
 son or paper) appears weekly and is always a welcome visi- 
 tor. The circulation is considerable, if not more, and it costs 
 $2 a- year. The Sun is really one of the best conducted 
 
 E. A. LITTLEFIELD. 
 
170 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 country papers in the State, always well printed and invari- 
 ably containing original, interesting, readable matter in abun- 
 dance. 
 
 Times, Coalville. C. R. Jones, editor and manager. Be- 
 gan February 16, 1884. Is devoted to agriculture and gener- 
 al news, and is issued every Friday, at $1.50 a year. Has a 
 good circulation in Summit county and neighboring territory, 
 
 Times, Milford. A bright and enterprising weekly, the 
 only one at present in Beaver county, to the interests of 
 which, especially in a mining way, the paper is devoted. It is 
 a 6-column, 8-page paper with a circulation of 600, is Repub- 
 lican in politics and $2 a year. C. T. Harte, editor and 
 manager. 
 
 Tintic Miner, Eureka. Established in 1889. "Demo- 
 cratic in politics and religion," with circulation ' ; not what it 
 should be." Weekly, at $2.50 a year. C. F. Spilman, editor 
 and manager. 
 
 Transcri-pt, Tooele. Issued every Friday by James 
 Dunn. It is six pages 17x22, was established in 1894, is non- 
 partisan and $1.50 a year. 
 
 Tribune^ Salt Lake. Daily and Sunday. Perry S. Heath, 
 editor and manager. It has from 10 to 36 pages of seven 
 columns each, is Republican and non-sectarian. Its circula- 
 tion is daily 6,874, Sunday 14,000, at $i a month. 
 
 Tri-City Oracle, Salt Lake. Established September i, 
 1902. Is an 8-page weekly, Republican in politics and Bap- 
 tist in religion, also the organ of the Rocky Mountain Employ- 
 ment Bureau. It circulates 1000 and is $2 a year. Rev. J. 
 W. Washington, editor and manager. 
 
 Truth, Salt Lake. Established September 14, 1901. 
 John R. Hughes, editor and manager. It is a i6-page week- 
 ly, independent in all respects, but by no means neutral in 
 any. It has a circulation of 2,560 and is $2 a year. 
 
 Utah Fasten (The Utah Post), Salt Lake. A 6-column, 
 8-page weekly in the Swedish language. L. Dahlquist, mana- 
 ger. Has a good subscription list at $1.50 a year. 
 
THE PRESS. 171 
 
 Wave ( Wasatch), Heber City. Established March 23, 
 1889, by the present editor, William Buys. It is published 
 every Friday, is independent with Democratic leanings, has a 
 circulation of 900 and is $1.50 a year. It is a good-sized, 
 neatly printed paper, the only one in that county, and the 
 editor is "onto his job." 
 
 Woman's Exponent, Salt Lake. Established in 1870. Is 
 an 8-page, semi-monthly publication devoted to woman's suf- 
 frage, the advancement of women generally, and the Mormon 
 religion. It is the organ of the Relief Society of the Church. 
 It is edited by that widely-known and thoroughly capable 
 woman Mrs. Emmeline B. Wells, and is $i a year. 
 
 Young Woman'' s Journal, Salt Lake . A monthly maga- 
 zine devoted to the education and advancement of the young 
 women and upholding the faith of the Mormon Church. It 
 has a large circulation, placed at 10,000, and is $i a year. 
 Annie M. Cannon is editor and Estelle Neff, manager. 
 
 (The Park City Miner should have appeared in the pro- 
 per place above, but information regarding it was not received 
 in time. It is a weekly and is ably conducted by N. B. 
 Dresser. The same may be said of the Salt Lake Mining 
 Review, a magazine of 48 pages, well patronized and con- 
 ducted by W. C. Higgins and W. H. Korns). 
 
 In addition to the forgoing there are several publications 
 which, not having general circulation, are not enumerated. 
 Among these are the University Chronicle and Blue and 
 Gold, of this city; White and Blue, of Provo; the Eagle, 
 issued by the Deaf and Dumb Institution of Ogden. All of 
 these are conducted with signal ability and are read with 
 interest in their respective educational circles. Besides, there 
 are occasional trade journals which are not named at all, and 
 entr'actes for circulation in the theatres. The grand total is 
 about 72. 
 
THE DRAMA. 
 
 BEGINNING, PROGRESS AND PRESENT 
 STATUS OF THEATRICALS. 
 
 FOLLOWING closely upon the establishment of th 
 JL press in Utah, if not indeed slightly ahead of it, came th e 
 stage. The community's leader was in this, as in all other 
 things tending to advance, instruct and amuse the people, one 
 of the first if not the first to extend encouragement and as- 
 sistance. In the fall and winter of 1849 anc ^ I ^5o (the date 
 cannot be given accurately) a company of amateurs, in 
 which Mr. H. P. Richards, of Salt Lake City, figured con- 
 spicuously, was organized; there were in the company Ensign 
 Rich, Edgar Blodgett, Robert Campbell, William Hyde and 
 others. And here, where less than three years previously 
 only desolation prevailed, a theatrical representation took 
 place. The first piece was the "Triumph of Innocence," and 
 while the title would not be a taking one just now, it was 
 about as appropriate as any that could have been selected 
 then. The "temple" of the drama was similar to what we 
 are told were the first temples of the Lord the groves; at 
 least, it was a bov. ery, which was used also for religious 
 services and situated on the Temple block, near where the 
 massive, unique Tabernacle now stands. There was probably 
 no box office, no foyer with mirrors, no ushers in uniform or 
 otherwise and probably no cushioned seats. The orchestra 
 is represented as having been very fair, but the scenery was 
 probably such as required the imagination to put in some ex- 
 
THE DRAMA. 
 
 173 
 
 tra stunts and the costumes may have resembled Joseph's coat 
 in some respects if not in all. Probably the acting was not 
 such as would pass muster in these exacting times, but I 
 warrant it gave quite as much satisfaction as most of those 
 we are confronted with now-a-days. Another company, 
 somewhat more pretentious, was launched soon after this, 
 containing as a leading light the subsequently local celebrity 
 Philip Margetts. "Robert Macaire" and several other pieces 
 were presented, the drama gained a firm footing and a place 
 
 of some consequence be- 
 came a necessity which 
 was not long in being 
 brought into existence un- 
 der the name of the Social 
 Hall. It still stands, but of 
 late years has fallen some- 
 what from its pristine es- 
 tate, having even been, on 
 one or two occasions, the 
 scene of political conven- 
 tions. It is now used for 
 more reputable purposes. 
 In it some standard pro- 
 ductions were rendered 
 and some excellent talent 
 developed under vastly 
 improved conditions. 
 
 Numerous amateur clubs were organized at different 
 times, the most pretentious one being known as the Mechan- 
 ics' Dramatic Association, which in the large front room of 
 the residence of H. E. Bowring gave some really meritorious 
 performances. "No pent-up Utica" controlled their powers; the 
 stage inside the scenery was probably not more than ten feet 
 square, but here were rendered such prodigious compositions 
 as "The Honeymoon," "Othello," "The Gamester," and so 
 on. Here Mr. Margetts was the reigning star; he played 
 
 PHILIP MARGETS. 
 
174 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 everything from the dusky Moor to "Cousin Joe," and always 
 gave satisfaction. He was ably assisted by Mr. Bowring, 
 Mrs. Bowring, Henry McEwan (since deceased) and wife, 
 and several others. President Young attended these per- 
 formances quite frequently and here, it is said, receiving a 
 more forcible impression than previously of what an amount 
 of dramatic talent existed among his people, he decided on 
 building the Salt Lake Theatre. To decide on a thing was 
 to do it, and on July i, 1861. ground was broken on^the spot 
 where the structure now stands. It was opened for dedicatory 
 purposes on March 6, 1862, and to the public two evenings 
 later. The former occasion was made somewhat memorable 
 not only by reason of the programme and religious observ- 
 ances but because of being the beginning of a new epoch in 
 the history of the great West. A structure for dramatic 
 representations exclusively, which even today ranks with the 
 finest and most commodious in the land, at a time when 
 there were not half as many people to support it nor a tenth 
 part as much money to support it with, and nothing at all ap- 
 proaching it between the Missouri river and San Francisco ! 
 Yet it returned handsomely on the investment right from the 
 start, not altogether in money for some years, but in that and 
 other commodities, all combining to meet expenses, make 
 improvements and provide the people with needed and 
 wholesome recreation. 
 
 A company composed of what remained of the Social 
 Hall organization and the Mechanics' club was formed and 
 for the opening presented the three-act comedy "Pride of 
 the Market," the "curtain raiser" being the dedicatory 
 ceremonies. Opening performances and dances with prayer 
 being customary in those days (we have fallen from grace 
 since), nothing inappropriate or obtrusive was recognized in 
 such procedure; but it was undoubtedly the first time in all 
 the world that a regular play house was dedicated to the 
 Lord, and this too before anything else was permitted to 
 take place within its walls. An opening hymn was rendered, 
 
THE DRAMA. 175 
 
 the dedicatory prayer by President D. H. Wells followed; 
 then President Young made a few appropriate remarks and 
 the ceremonies closed with an anthem composed for the oc- 
 casion by Eliza R. Snow, the first verse being as follows: 
 
 Oh, God, bless Brigham Young ! 
 Bless him and all that bless him ! 
 Waste them away, oh, God, we pray, 
 Who, rising to oppose him, 
 Contend with Thee ! 
 
 Notwithstanding the absence of stage technique and 
 the somewhat amateurish manner which pervaded the char- 
 acterizations as a whole, there was some excellent work 
 done and the company became one of the best stock organ- 
 izations in the land. In the years following and before the 
 "stars" brought their support with them, it was frequently 
 the case that the home talent outshone the other. Here the 
 mother of one of the most eminent of the present day 
 actresses Maude Adams the parent herself a professional 
 in high standing, made her first appearance on any stage and 
 became a prime favorite at once. Here, also, James M. 
 Hardie bounded into prominence and gave great promise of 
 becoming the Edwin Forrest of later days, but he has for 
 . some years been lost to the view. David McKenzie invari- 
 ably shared the honors with the star, the larger part not in- 
 frequently falling to him; he retired some time ago, for what 
 reason is not known. Phil. Margetts, previously presented, 
 John S. Lindsay, John T. Caine, H. B. Clawson, John C. 
 Graham and others also showed such marked ability as made 
 and kept them at the fore, but of all these only the first two 
 remain in the harness. The first made his mark in comedy 
 roles but latterly has become noted for his excellent portray- 
 als of serio-comic old men; the other was a pronounced 
 "heavy" for several years but of late has played all manner 
 of tragic and some lighter characters with signal ability. 
 
 For a long time the itinerant fraternity were unknown 
 here. This was because of the long and tedious journey 
 
176 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 which a trip to Utah involved. Along in the early sixties 
 the ice was broken by Thomas A. Lyne, an actor of the old 
 school but possessed of sterling merit in the portrayal of 
 legitimate roles of the heavier type. He made his first ap- 
 pearance as "Damon," supported for this occasion by editor 
 and lawyer James Ferguson as "Pythias" and the strength of 
 the company. It was a brilliant success throughout and was 
 followed by several other performances with Mr. Lyne in the 
 lead. As a result he never left Utah, but settled down and 
 passed the remainder of his days in our midst. 
 
 About the middle of the same decade, transportation 
 having become somewhat less irksome, there drifted into the 
 community S. M. Irwin. Mrs. Irwin, George Purdy and 
 Harry Rainforth, a son of the lady by another husband. 
 Purdy played once or twice in farce, then moved on un- 
 lamented, his style being a bit too breezy for this latitude. The 
 Irwins opened in "The Lady of Lyons," and made a decided 
 hit, so much so that an engagement extending through 
 several months resulted. He had a Forrestian appearance, 
 although a much smaller man than that eminent tragedian, 
 and looked and played everything pretty much alike. She 
 was versatile but not great, their attractiveness being the 
 result of the to us newness of style with the accompany- 
 ing mannerisms to which our own unhackneyed actors were 
 till then strangers. They did a great business, but a return 
 engagement a year or thereabouts later was not so success- 
 ful. One cause of this was that in the meantime a stellar 
 attraction of recognized brilliancy throughout the land, Julia 
 Dean Hayne, had come and seen and conquered. Measured 
 by the standard of the present school she might not have 
 swept us off our feet as she did, but we hadn't then been 
 inducted into that school and took her for what she was 
 worth, which was considerable. Tall and stately, with a 
 face on which traces of sadness had dimmed the lines of 
 beauty once so pronounced, accomplished, with a ward- 
 robe which then amounted to a series of delightful surprises 
 
THE DRAMA. Ill 
 
 and with unquestionable talent of a superior kind, she cap- 
 tured high and low, rich and poor alike. Her life had been 
 at once a delightful romance and a sorrowful tragedy. At 
 an early age and near the zenith of her fame she was wooed 
 and won by the son of one of the most illustrious families, 
 the Haynes of South Carolina; his father as United States 
 Senator from that State met and struggled in forensic combat 
 with the great Daniel Webster in the days when the Senate 
 chamber was an arena in which only intellectual giants en- 
 tered the lists. How has the mighty fallen ! Young Hayne 
 drifted to the bad and finally became stranded in San Fran- 
 cisco. Finding herself dependent upon her own exertions 
 and with two children to support, Julia decided to make a 
 tour of the interrnountain region, where flush times prevailed 
 and the legitimate drama was comparatively a new thing. 
 This brought her to Salt Lake from Montana, in the company 
 of John S. Potter and with George B. Waldron as leading 
 man.* The former was a very good "old man" and Wald- 
 ron did some but not all things excellently. The rest of the 
 company ranged all the way from passably fair to actually 
 bad and but for the star of the troupe would doubtless have 
 come and gone, if at all, as the sorriest lot of tie contractors 
 that ever stormed a barn. They remained but a short time, 
 but Mrs. Hayne and Waldron stayed a good while. Finally 
 she went east and died there under middle age and in reduced 
 circumstances. 
 
 The next event was an eye-opener to those who fancied 
 they had already had before them the full range and every 
 phase of dramatic production and characterization. It was 
 the unheralded and not too liberally announced appearance of 
 
 * Mr. Potter was sometimes called "Blackberry Potter" for the follow- 
 ing reason: In Montana one day a member of his company asked for some 
 money, which no doubt and a good deal more was due. "What do you 
 want with money?" asked the manager. "I want to pay my board for one 
 thing," replied the actor. "Board be dd !" rejoined Potter; "don't you 
 know blackberries are ripe?" 
 
178 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 George Pauncefort with Mrs. Florence Bell. They opened 
 in the "Romance of a Poor Young Man,'' and those who 
 were able to appreciate high-class portrayals wholly devoid 
 of meretricious arts, vulgarity or straining for effect had a 
 feast spread before them; these proved to be the majority. 
 There were a few first-nighters, as there have been ever 
 since and probably were before, who could see nothing great 
 in the performance; there was no shouting, no struggling, no 
 ripping up of the benches, no clownishness, no anything 
 which appeals merely to the risibilities and startles the eye 
 or ear; such were in a hopeless minority and it steadily 
 dwindled. Strange to say, among those who looked upon 
 the performances with displeasure and would not enter the 
 Theatre while the engagement lasted was the great leader 
 himself President Brigham Young. It is but fair, how- 
 ever, to say that the opposition arose not through any objec- 
 tion to the acting itself, but simply to the fact that Paunce- 
 fort came here with a woman who was not his wife. 
 
 Mr. Pauncefort's acting in such pieces as the one spoken 
 of and in high comedy generally was among the best ever 
 seen here and in some roles superior to any. He showed the 
 training and instincts of the cultivated gentleman in whatever 
 he did; always graceful, always easy, never awkward or at a 
 loss, portraying eccentricity, unction, sang-froid, little dashes 
 of emotion, and always maintaining the high level of a 
 thoroughbred, he was sure of success wherever the commu- 
 nity was educated up to the standard of appreciating his 
 work. But it was not until he appeared in "Don Caesar de 
 Bazan" that a complete and unequivocal capitulation of the 
 community was effected. It is questionable if any before 
 him, and absolutely certain that none after him, has at all 
 approached him in that exacting role, where the graces and 
 dignity of the trained cavalier are always apparent even 
 when clad in rags, mingling with the rabble and ever carry- 
 ing his life and fortunes in his hand with as much abandon as 
 valor. When Edwin Forrest who in his prime was no doubt 
 
THE DRAMA. 179 
 
 the greatest tragedian in some respects that ever lived was 
 nearing the end and his performances of parts requiring 
 great robustness and vigor were as painful to his friends as 
 to his gouty, wretched self, there was one character in which 
 his defects did not seem to weigh against him so much 
 "King Lear." It was with this in his earlier years that he 
 captured the British after having measurably failed in every- 
 thing else. On one occasion, a short time before his retire- 
 ment, a friend remarked to him after seeing "Lear" "Mr. 
 Forrest, I never saw you act 'Lear' any better than this even- 
 ing." "Act it!" replied the frowning genius in tones of roll- 
 ing thunder; "act it! Why, sir, I act 'Macbeth,' 'Richelieu' 
 and 'Othello,' but by- , sir, I am 'Lear'!" So we might 
 say of Pauncefort: he acted royally well, too "Manuel," 
 "Lagardere," "Benedict" and so on, but he was "Don 
 Cagsar" himself. He finally drifted to Japan and has doubt- 
 less been dead for some time. 
 
 The advent of the Pacific railroad brought talent of all 
 kinds, qualities and conditions into our midst. Among the 
 eminent ones whose feet have pressed the boards of Salt 
 Lake might be named Salvini, Edwin Booth, Lawrence 
 Barrett, John McCullough, Edwin Adams, C. W. Couldock, 
 Frederick Warde, Louis James, Ristori, Janauschek, Lotta, 
 Mrs. Langtry, etc. The list is quite too long for complete 
 enumeration, saying nothing of the grand array of operatic 
 stars which has included Parepa Rosa (the first), Clara 
 Louise Kellogg, Annie Louise Carey, Emma Nevada, Patti, 
 Gerster, Emma Abbott and a lot more. 
 
 On April i, 1880, a number of young people represent- 
 ing prominent families got together and organized the Home 
 Dramatic Club. It was successful from the beginning and 
 had a long and prosperous career, but went to pieces a few 
 years ago. H. G. Whitney was manager, and a thoroughly 
 capable one he was. Standard society pieces and the higher 
 grades of melo-drama were the general lines of presentation, 
 but not exclusively so. The first leading man was the late 
 
180 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Laron Cummings and the club never had one equal to him in 
 the heavier roles, although possessed of abundance of talent 
 of a high order. It contained the present Governor of 
 Utah, Heber M. Wells; J. D. Spencer, merchant; O. F r 
 
 INTERIOR OF SALT LAKE THEATRE, WITH GEO. D. PYPER, MGR. 
 
 Whitney, historian and poet; B. H. Young; Mrs. Ardelle 
 Cummings, Mrs. Birdie Cummings, Mrs. B. H, Young, and 
 others whose names are not now recalled. The occupations 
 given above are put in to show the utilitarian characteristics 
 of the youth of Zion, in which respect they are like their 
 
THE DRAMA. 181 
 
 predecessors. Governor Wells before becoming Governor, 
 of course was one of the leading lights and played with 
 great ability some exacting roles, such as "Phipps" in the 
 "Banker's Daughter," "Grimaldi" in the "Life of an 
 Actress," and "Christian Christensen" in "Storm Beaten;" in 
 the immediately preceding era John T. Caine, who was sub- 
 sequently Territorial Delegate to Congress five terms and 
 who has held numerous other official stations, was one of the 
 Social Hall company and stage manager of the Salt Lake 
 Theatre and "in his time played many parts," a thousand of 
 them, no doubt, some with decided ability. The same 
 thing, mutamur mutandis, might be said of all who are herein 
 mentioned and a great many more. 
 
 The Salt Lake Theatre is controlled by a joint stock 
 company of which Joseph F. Smith is president, HeberJ. 
 Grant vice-president, Heber M. Wells secretary, Elias A. 
 Smith treasurer; the directors being the foregoing, with 
 John Henry Smith, John R. Winder and Charles S. Burton. 
 The capital stock is $100,000, divided into 1000 shares of 
 $100 each. 
 
 The Grand Theatre, of Salt Lake City, is a fine struc- 
 ture, smaller than the older one but. well appointed and finished 
 throughout. It is a popular price establishment but carries 
 some pretty heavy attractions occasionally. 
 
 Ogden has a play house equal in most respects to the 
 leading one of Salt Lake, and Provo has one of similar pro- 
 portions to the Grand of the latter; the Thatcher Opera House 
 of Logan is an elegant place, but dos not occupy all the 
 building. Besides all these every small city and large town 
 (as well as some that are not so large) has its hall for pub- 
 lic entertainment wherein dramatic representations are given. 
 Many of these are quite pretentious and all together showing 
 the advanced theatrical taste of Utah's people. 
 
POPULATION-POST OFFICES 
 
 COUNTIES, COUNTY SEATS AND INCOR- 
 PORATED PLACES. 
 
 THE subjoined lists show at a glance not only the popula- 
 tion of the State by counties, county seats and incorpor- 
 ated places, but gives the increase for ten years and the esti- 
 mated increase since the census was taken. The county 
 seats appear with the letters "c. s." and the name of the 
 county in parenthesis, those which are unincorporated being 
 marked *. The population is as given by the census of 1900 
 except in cases of estimated increase or towns which have 
 sprung into existence since the census was taken; in the 
 former case the census figures appear in brackets ahead of 
 the others. 
 
 POPULATION BY COUNTIES. 
 
 Count?. 
 
 1900. 
 
 1890. 
 
 County 
 
 
 1900. 
 
 1890. 
 
 Beaver 
 
 ....[3,616] 4.500 
 
 3.340 
 
 Salt Lake 
 
 .[77,725] 
 
 86,000 
 
 58.457 
 
 Box Elder.... 
 
 10,009 
 
 7.642 
 
 San Juan 
 
 
 1,023 
 
 365 
 
 Cache 
 
 18,139 
 
 15-509 
 
 Sanpete 
 
 
 16.313 
 
 13,146 
 
 Carbon 
 
 5.004 
 
 
 Sevier 
 
 
 8,45 1 
 
 6,199 
 
 Davis 
 
 7996 
 
 6,751 
 
 Summit 
 
 [9.439J 
 
 10,500 
 
 7,733 
 
 Emery 
 
 4,657 
 
 5,076 
 
 Tooele 
 
 -[7,361] 
 
 8,000 
 
 3-700 
 
 Garfield 
 
 3.400 
 
 2,457 
 
 Uintah 
 
 
 6,458 
 
 2.762 
 
 Grand 
 
 1,149 
 
 54i 
 
 Utah 
 
 .[32,456] 
 
 35,000 
 
 23-768 
 
 Iron 
 
 /.. [3,546] 4,000 
 
 2,683 
 
 Wasa^ch 
 
 
 4.736 
 
 3-595 
 
 Juab 
 
 10,082 
 
 5,582 
 
 Washington... 
 
 
 4,612 
 
 4,009 
 
 Kane 
 
 i,8n 
 
 1,685 
 
 Wayne 
 
 
 
 1,907 
 
 
 
 MilJard 
 
 5,678 
 
 4,033 
 
 Weber 
 
 [25,239] 
 
 28,000 
 
 22,723 
 
 Morgan 
 
 2,045 
 
 1,780 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 *Piute 
 
 I 1.954] 3,i5o 
 
 2,842 
 
 State [276,749] 293,675 
 
 207905 
 
 Rich 
 
 i,946 
 
 1,527 
 
 
 
 
 
 * The census shows a falling off from the report of 1890, but this has 
 been considerably more than offset by the new town of Kimberly and the 
 influx to Gold Mountain and other centers. 
 
POPULATION POST OFFICES. 
 
 183 
 
 POPULATION BY CITIES AND TOWNS. 
 
 1900. 1890. 
 
 1900. 1890. 
 
 Alpine City 
 
 520 466 
 
 Monroe town I 57 880 
 
 *Ashlev (c s.Uintah)... 
 
 1,632 
 
 *Monticello (c. s- San 
 
 American Fork city 
 
 2 7^2 
 
 Juan) 180 
 
 Bear River City 
 
 362 
 
 Morgan city (c.s Mor- 
 
 Beaver city(c s. Beaver) 
 
 1,701 
 
 gan) 600 333 
 
 Bountiful city 
 
 1,442 
 
 Moroni city 1,224 958 
 
 Brighamcity (c s. Box 
 
 
 Mount Pleasant city... 2,372 2,254 
 
 Elder) 
 
 2,859 2,139 
 
 Nephi city (c.s. Juab) 2,208 2,034 
 
 Castle Dale town (c.s. 
 
 
 Newton town 429 
 
 Emery) 
 
 559 303 
 
 Ogden city (c. s. We- 
 
 Cedar city 
 
 i,425 9 6 7 
 
 ber) [16,313] 17,500 14,889 
 
 Coalville city (c. s. 
 
 
 Panguitch city (c. s. 
 
 Summit) . 
 
 808 i [66 
 
 Garfield) . . .. 883 
 
 Corinne citv 
 
 323 
 
 Park city 3.769 2,850 
 
 Elsinore town 
 
 62* 
 
 Parowan city (c.s. Iron) 1,039 
 
 Ephraim city 
 
 2,086 
 
 Pay son city 2,636 2,135 
 
 Eureka city [3,085] 
 
 3.500 1,733 
 
 Pleasant Grove city ... 2,460 1,926 
 
 Fairview city 
 
 1,119 844 
 
 Price town 539 209 
 
 Farmington city (c. s. 
 
 
 Provo city (c.s. Utah).. 
 
 Davis) 
 
 968 
 
 [6,185] 7,000 5,159 
 
 Fillmore city (c. s. 
 
 
 ^Randolph (c. s. Rich) 821 
 
 Millard) 
 
 I O17 
 
 Redmond town 45^ 
 
 Fountain Green town 
 
 755 677 
 
 Richfield city (c. s. 
 
 Glenwood town 
 
 422 
 
 Sevier) 1,969 1,531 
 
 Goshen town 
 
 6/ic 208 
 
 Richmond city. . 1,111 
 
 Giantsville city 
 
 i 058 ...... 
 
 St. George city (c. s. 
 
 Ounnison citv 
 
 820 
 
 Washington) 1,600 . .. 
 
 Heber city " (c. s. 
 
 
 Salem town ,. 894 527 
 
 Wasatch) 
 
 I.C7/1 I C78 
 
 Salina town 847 
 
 Huntington town 
 
 653 513 
 
 Salt Lake City (c s. 
 
 Hyrum citv 
 
 1,6^2 
 
 Salt Lake>. .[53, 531] 61,000 44843 
 
 ^Junction city (c. s. 
 
 
 Sandy city 1,030 
 
 Piute) 
 
 249 
 
 Santaquin town 889 
 
 Kanab town (c. s 
 
 
 Scipio town 578 
 
 Kane). 
 
 7io ^66 
 
 Scofield town 642 
 
 Kaysville city 
 
 1,708 548 
 
 Smithfield city i,494 1,080 
 
 Lehi city 
 
 2,719 
 
 Spanish Fork city 2,735 2,214 
 
 Loa (c.s. Wayne) 
 
 443 
 
 Spring city 1,135 1.044 
 
 Logan city (c.s Cache) 
 
 5,451 4.566 
 
 Springville city 3,422 2,849 
 
 Manti city (c. s. 
 
 
 Tooele city (c. s. 
 
 San pete) 
 
 2 <1O8 I Q^O 
 
 Tooele) 1,200 
 
 Mendon city 
 
 AQA 
 
 Vernal towni .. 644 
 
 Mercur city 
 
 2,351 
 
 Washington city 519 
 
 Midway town 
 
 7 IQ 
 
 Wellsville city .. 908 
 
 *Moab (c.s. Grand).. 
 
 623 
 
 Willard city 580 492 
 
 COMPLETE LIST OF POST OFFICES. (CORRECTED TO MAY, 1903.) 
 
 Abraham Millard 
 
 Annabella 
 
 Sevier Basin Grand 
 
 Adams yille Beaver 
 
 Asays 
 
 Garfield Bear River City 
 
 Alpine Utah 
 
 Aurora 
 
 Sevier Box Elder 
 
 Alta Salt Lake 
 
 Austin... 
 
 - ..Sevier Beaver Beaver 
 
 American Fork..., Utah 
 
 Avon 
 
 Cache Benson Cache 
 
 Aneth San Juan 
 
 Axtell 
 
 San pete Bingham Canyon 
 
 _ 
 
 
 Salt Lake 
 
184 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Blackrock Millard 
 
 Elaine Davis 
 
 Bloomington.Wasatch 
 
 Blueacre Beaver 
 
 Bluff San Juan 
 
 Boulder Gar field 
 
 Bountiful Davis 
 
 Bridgeport Uintah 
 
 Brigham Box Elder 
 
 Brighton SaltLake 
 
 Brinton Salt Lake 
 
 Buenavista Uintah 
 
 Burbank Millard 
 
 Burrvil le Se vier 
 
 Cache Junction 
 
 Cache 
 
 Caineville Wayne 
 
 (Calderpark Sta. Salt 
 Lake City.) 
 
 Callao Juab 
 
 Cannon Cache 
 
 Cannonville. . .Garfield 
 
 Carlisle San Juan 
 
 Castledale Emery 
 
 Castlegate Carbon 
 
 Castle Rock... Summit 
 
 Castleton Grand 
 
 Cedar City Iron 
 
 Cedar Valley Utah 
 
 Center Tooele 
 
 Centerfield San pete 
 
 Centerville Davis 
 
 Charleston ... Wasatch 
 
 Chester San pete 
 
 Circleville Piute 
 
 Cisco Grand 
 
 Clarkston.., Cache 
 
 Clearcreek Car bon 
 
 Clearfield Davis 
 
 Clearlake Millard 
 
 Cleveland Emery 
 
 Clinton Utah 
 
 Clover Tooele 
 
 Coalville Summit 
 
 College Cache 
 
 Collinston...Box Elder 
 
 Colton Utah 
 
 Corinne ....Box Elder 
 
 Cove Cache 
 
 Coyote Garfield 
 
 Crafton Millard 
 
 Croydon Morgan 
 
 Curlew Box Elder 
 
 Deseret Millard 
 
 Desertlake bmery 
 
 Deweyville.Box Elder 
 
 Diamond Juab 
 
 Dixie Washington 
 
 Draper Salt Lake 
 
 Dry fork.; Uintah 
 
 Echo City Summit 
 
 Eden Weber 
 
 Eldorado.... Salt Lake 
 
 Elgin Grand 
 
 Elsinore Sevier 
 
 Emery Emery 
 
 Enoch Iron 
 
 Enterprise. Washinton 
 
 Ephraim Sanpete 
 
 Erda Tooele 
 
 Escalante Garfield 
 
 Eureka Juab 
 
 Fairfield Utah 
 
 Fairview Sanpete 
 
 Farmington Davis 
 
 Fayette Sanpete 
 
 Perron Emery 
 
 Fielding... Box Elder 
 
 Fillmore Millard 
 
 Fishsprings Juab 
 
 (Fort Dauglas, Sta.... 
 
 Salt Lake City) 
 
 Fort Duchesne. Uintah 
 
 Fountain Green 
 
 Sanpete 
 
 Freedom Sanpete 
 
 Fremont Wayne 
 
 Frisco Beaver 
 
 Fruita Wayne 
 
 Garden City Rich 
 
 Garland. ...Box Elder 
 
 Garrison Millard 
 
 Geneva Box Elder 
 
 Giles Wayne 
 
 Gisbor n Tooele 
 
 Glendale Kane 
 
 Glenwood Sevier 
 
 Golden Box Elder 
 
 Goshen Utah 
 
 Grantsville Tooele 
 
 Greenriver Emery 
 
 Greenville Beaver 
 
 Greenwich Piute 
 
 Grouse Creek 
 
 Box Elder 
 
 Grover Wayne 
 
 Gunlock Washington 
 
 Gunnison Sanpete 
 
 Hanksville Wayne 
 
 Harper Carbon 
 
 Hatton Millard 
 
 Heber. Wasatch 
 
 Hebron .... Washington 
 
 Helper Carbon 
 
 Henefer Summit 
 
 Henrieville... .Garfield 
 
 Hinkley Millard 
 
 Kite Garfield 
 
 Holden Millard 
 
 Holliday Salt Lake 
 
 Honeyville.Box Elder 
 
 Hooper Weber 
 
 Hoytsville Summit 
 
 Huntington Emery 
 
 Huntsville Weber 
 
 Hy depark Cache 
 
 Hyrum Cache 
 
 Ibapah Tooele 
 
 Ibex Millard 
 
 Indianola Sanpete 
 
 In verury Sevier 
 
 Jensen Uinta 
 
 Johnson Kane 
 
 Joseph Sevier 
 
 Joy Juab 
 
 Juab Juab 
 
 Junction Piute 
 
 Kamas Summit 
 
 Kanab Kane 
 
 Kanarraville Iron 
 
 Kanosh Millard 
 
 Kaysville Davit 
 
 Kelton Box Elder 
 
 Kimberly Piute 
 
 King Cache 
 
 Kingston Piute 
 
 Koosharem Piute 
 
 Lakepoint Tooele 
 
 Laketown Rich 
 
 Lasal San Juan 
 
 Lawrence Emery 
 
 Layton Davis 
 
 Leamington... .Millard 
 
 Lee Morgan 
 
 Leeds Washington 
 
 LehiCity Utah 
 
 Leland Uintah 
 
 Levan Juab 
 
 Lewiston Cache 
 
 Liberty Weber 
 
 Lincoln Tooele 
 
 Loa .Wayne 
 
 Logan Cache 
 
 Lyman Wayne 
 
 Mammoth Juab 
 
 Manila Uintah 
 
 Manti Sanpete 
 
 Marion Summit 
 
 Marysvale Piute 
 
 Mayfield Sanpete 
 
 Meadow Millard 
 
 Mendon Cache 
 
 Mercur Tooele 
 
 Midway Wasatch 
 
POPULATION POST OFFICES. 
 
 185 
 
 Milburn Sanpete 
 
 Milford Beaver 
 
 Milton Tooele 
 
 Millville Cache 
 
 Minersville Beaver 
 
 Moab Grand 
 
 Modena Iron 
 
 Molen Emery 
 
 Mona Juab 
 
 Monroe Sevier 
 
 Monticello...San Juan 
 
 Morgan Morgan 
 
 Moroni Sanpete 
 
 Mount Carmel...Kane 
 
 Mount Nebo Utah 
 
 Mount Pleasant 
 
 Sanpete 
 
 Murray Salt Lake 
 
 Naples Uintah 
 
 Nephi Juab 
 
 New Harmony 
 
 Washington 
 
 Newton Cache 
 
 North Ogden... Weber 
 
 Notom Wayne 
 
 Oak City Mil lard 
 
 Oakley Summit 
 
 Oasis Millard 
 
 Ogden Weber 
 
 Ophir Tooele 
 
 Orangeville . ...Emery 
 
 Orderville Kane 
 
 Orton Garfield 
 
 Ouray Uintah 
 
 Pahreah Kane 
 
 Panguitch Garfield 
 
 Paradise Cache 
 
 Paragonah Iron 
 
 Park City Summit 
 
 Park Valley Box Elder 
 
 Parowan Iron 
 
 Payson Utah 
 
 Penrose Box Elder 
 
 Peoa Summit 
 
 Perry Box Elder 
 
 Peterson Morgan 
 
 Pine Valley 
 
 Washington 
 
 Pinto Washington 
 
 Plain City Weber 
 
 Plateau Sevier 
 
 Pleasant Grove... Utah 
 Ply mouth... Box Elder 
 
 Point Lookout 
 
 Box Elder 
 
 Portage Box Elder 
 
 Porterville Morgan 
 
 Price Carbon 
 
 12. 
 
 Promontory Box Elder 
 
 Providence Cache 
 
 Provo City Utah 
 
 Ranch Kane 
 
 Randolph Rich 
 
 Ransom Cache 
 
 Redmond Sevier 
 
 Richardson Grand 
 
 Richfield Sevier 
 
 Richmond Cache 
 
 Riter Salt Lake 
 
 Riverdale Weber 
 
 Riverside... Box Elder 
 
 Riverton Salt Lake 
 
 Robinson Juab 
 
 R ockport Summit 
 
 Rockville Washington 
 
 Rosette Box Elder 
 
 Roy Weber 
 
 St. George 
 
 Washington 
 
 St. John Tooele 
 
 Salem Utah 
 
 Salina Sevier 
 
 Salt Lake City 
 
 Salt Lake 
 Stations. 
 Calder Park. 
 Fort Douglas. 
 Murray. 
 Sugar House. 
 No. i, 6 Main St. 
 No. 2,ist andN. Sts. 
 No 3, 7th South and 
 7th East Streets. 
 No. 4, in S. 5th 
 
 West Street. 
 No. 5, 242 W. S. 
 
 Temple Street. 
 No. 6, 8th St. S. and 
 
 8th St. W. 
 No. 7.537 N. istSt. 
 
 W. 
 No. 8, 256 S. 9th K. 
 
 Street. 
 
 No. 9, E. 4th St., S. 
 No. 10, 380 W. 3rd 
 
 N. Street. 
 No. n, 669 S. W. 
 
 Temple Street. 
 No. 12, 176 Mead St. 
 No. 13, 1401 Indiana 
 Avenue 
 
 Sandy Salt Lake 
 
 Santa Clara 
 
 Washington 
 
 Santaquin Utah 
 
 Scipio Millard 
 
 Scofield Carbon 
 
 Sevier Sevier 
 
 Sigurd Sevier 
 
 Silver City Juab 
 
 Silverlake...Salt Lake 
 
 Smithfield Cache 
 
 Smithville Millard 
 
 Smyths Millard 
 
 Snowville.. Box Elder 
 
 Spanish Fork Utah 
 
 Spring City... San pete 
 Springdale 
 
 Washington 
 
 Springville Utah 
 
 Stateliue Iron 
 
 (Station "A" (5 Points) 
 Weber 
 
 Sterling... Sanpete 
 
 Stockton..' Tooele 
 
 (Sugarhcuse Sta. Salt 
 Lake City.) 
 
 Summit Iron 
 
 Sunny side Carbon 
 
 Sunshine Tooele 
 
 Syracuse Davis 
 
 Teasdale Wayne 
 
 Terrace Box Elder 
 
 Thatcher... Box Elder 
 
 Thistle Utah 
 
 Thompsons Grand 
 
 Thurber Wayne 
 
 Tooele Tooele 
 
 Toquerville 
 
 Washington 
 
 Torrey Wayne 
 
 Trenton Cache 
 
 Tropic Garfield 
 
 Trout Creek Juab 
 
 Tucker Utah 
 
 Uinta Weber 
 
 Upton Summit 
 
 Utah Hot Springs 
 
 Box Elder 
 
 Venice Sevier 
 
 Verdure San Juan 
 
 Vermilion Sevier 
 
 Vernal Uintah 
 
 Vernon Tooele 
 
 View Weber 
 
 Vipont Box Elder 
 
 Virgin Washington 
 
 Wales Sanpete 
 
 Wallsburg Wasatch 
 
 Wanship Summit 
 
 Washakie ..Box Elder 
 Washington 
 
 Washington 
 Wellington Carbon 
 
186 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Wellsville Cache 
 
 West Jordan 
 
 Salt Lake 
 
 West Portage 
 
 Box Elder 
 West water ...Grand 
 
 Wheeler. ..Washington 
 
 Whiterocks Uinta 
 
 Willard Box Elder 
 
 Winter Quarters 
 
 Carbon 
 
 Woodland Summit 
 
 Woodruff Rich 
 
 Woods Cross Davis 
 
 Woodside Emery 
 
 Yost Box Elder 
 
 AS THB MAILS WERE FORMERLY CARRIED. 
 
 (The cut represents an overland stage in front of the Salt Lake Postoffice.) 
 
THE PRINCIPAL CITIES, 
 
 THEIR BEGINNING, PROGRESS AND PRESENT 
 
 STATUS.* 
 
 THE loyal citizen of Utah may not point with pride to the 
 State's urban districts, but he is apt to experience a 
 pleasurable feeling when he turns his mind that way. The 
 metropolis is the largest city within a belt about 1,000 miles 
 wide east and west, and extending north and south to the 
 poles of the earth, and in the same region there are not more 
 than two ahead of our second city; while some of the larger 
 places otherwise are equal if not superior to the metropolis of 
 most of the neighboring commonwealths. But it is not alto- 
 gether in the matter of population that prominence is main- 
 tained; the percentage of possessions per capita is as high 
 and of illiteracy as low as anywhere else in the United States 
 with three or four possible exceptions. And when the humble 
 beginning, the meagre chances for success, the drastic expe- 
 riences of the founders, the remoteness from aid of all kinds 
 which humanity could provide and the all-pervading and de- 
 pressing solitude which hedged them in are taken into the 
 account, the well-nigh marvelous character of the consumma- 
 tions may be faintly realized by those who did not participate 
 in the foundation-laying. 
 
 * While all places in Utah are mentioned in these pages, only those 
 having a population above 5,000 are included in this department, for obvious 
 reasons. 
 
188 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 The first house ever erected in all the great wilderness 
 ribbed by the Wasatch Mountains is previously presented in 
 these pages. It was the commencement of what for many 
 years was the only city on the long, wearisome drive between 
 the Eastern and Western frontiers, and today enjoys the 
 unique distinction of being the oldest city in the youngest 
 State. Its growth was slow but steady; what it gained it 
 kept and added to. The two pictures presented represent 
 it a short time after the beginning of its existence and 
 as it is now. These comprise a story none the less eloquent 
 because not told in words. Without further ado the reader 
 is presented with the first division proper of the general theme 
 of this chapter the rise, growth and characteristics of the 
 inter-mountain metropolis and capital of Utah. 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY. 
 
 IT HAS already been shown that the founding of the 
 Queen City of the Rocky Mountains took place, as a matter 
 of fact and of record, on July 24, 1847. There were no im- 
 posing proceedings, and even the simple ones partook more 
 
 SAI/T I,AE:E CITY IN 1850. 
 
 of a business than a ceremonial character. Perhaps the only 
 thing that might come within the latter term was the action 
 of the leader of the "tattered remnant," who had got out of 
 
THE PRINCIPAL CITIES. 189 
 
 his conveyance and was taking a casual and visual survey of 
 the landscape; having satisfied himself as to the situation he 
 thrust his cane into the soil and said "This is the place; 
 here will we build the Temple of our God!" And here it is, 
 a $5,000,000 structure, the work of a thousand men covering 
 a period of a generation's span, the proudest figure in a pic- 
 ture of grandeur, stateliness and beauty equal to a dream of 
 empire which surpasses in wealth all the gleaming treasures 
 of the Ind. 
 
 The plat for the city survey was begun on August 2, by 
 
 SAI/T LAKE CITY IN 1903 A SECTIONAL VIEW BOOKING SOUTHWEST. 
 
 Orson Pratt and H. G. Sherwood, and soon after logs were 
 gathered for a fort, which was constructed as soon as possible. 
 This was a prime necessity, not only for comfort but safety, 
 for, though the Indians as a rule had kept their traditional 
 deviltry within reasonable restraint so far, this was by no 
 means to be taken as a criterion and they were much less 
 objectionable as neighbors when securely fenced out. In 
 January, 1851, the Legislature of the "State of Deseret" char- 
 tered the city, lalong with four other places which had been 
 founded in the meantime, these being Ogden, Provo, Manti 
 
190 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 SOME OF SALT LAKE'S MAYORS. 
 
 J, M. GRANT, THE FIRST MAYOR. A. O. SMOOT, THE SECOND MAYOR, 
 
 D. H. WBLLS, THE THIRD MAYOR. EZRA THOMPSON, PRESENT MAYOR, 
 
THE PRINCIPAL CITIES. 191 
 
 and Parowan. "Great Salt Lake City" incorporated imme- 
 diately and set its municipal machinery in motion, the others 
 following suit more leisurely, perhaps because there were not 
 in every case, enough men to fill the offices. There was no 
 shortage in Salt Lake, however, the first officials being 
 Mayor, Jedediah M. Grant; aldermen, N. H. Felt, William 
 Snow, J. P. Harmon, N. V. Jones; councilors, Vincent 
 Shurtliff, B. L. Clapp, Zera Pulsipher, W. G. Perkins, 
 Lewis Robinson, Harrison Burgess, Jeter Clinton, J. L. 
 Dunyon, S. W. Richards. The aldermen represented mu- 
 nicipal wards and the councilors other divisions. These were 
 all appointed by the Legislature for the first term, but for the 
 second one they "ran" for it, the ticket containing the same 
 names with one or two exceptions and it was overwhelmingly 
 victorious, there being no other in the field. 
 
 The list of mayors of Salt Lake City with terms of ser- 
 vice, is as follows: 
 
 Jedediah M. Grant, from January, 1851, to November, 1856. 
 
 Abraham O. Smoot, from November, 1856, to February, 1866. 
 
 Daniel H. Wells, from 1866 to 1876. 
 
 Feramorz Little, from 1876 to 1382. 
 
 William Jennings, from 1882 to 1884. 
 
 James Sharp, from 1884 to 1886. 
 
 Francis Armstrong, from 1886 to 1890. 
 
 George M. Scott, from 1890 to 1892. 
 
 Robert N. Baskin, from 1892 to 1896. 
 
 James Glendinning, from February, 1896, to January i, 1898.* 
 
 John Clark, from 1898 to 1900. 
 
 Ezra Thompson, from 1900 to 1904. 
 
 It is not likely that the first mayor was overburdened 
 with his official duties, or had much difficulty in getting along 
 with the co-ordinate branch of the municipal government 
 the City Council. How different regarding the last one! 
 Mayor Thompson has not only been a very busy man right 
 along, but has been locking horns with the law-makers con- 
 
 * The Legislature of 1897 changed the time of municipal elections from 
 February in the even numbered years to November in the odd numbered 
 ones. 
 
192 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 tinually. He is, in fact, facetiously styled the "War Mayor." 
 in the midst of the turmoil, however, he has been instrumental 
 in having some great improvements made, these being too 
 numerous to mention but plainly apparent whichever way one 
 may turn. He is also one of the heaviest tax-payers in the 
 city and is always to the fore on any proposition looking to 
 progress and enterprise. Of the others, much might be said 
 were it necessary. They had different times and greatly dif- 
 ferent conditions to deal with and made all that could be 
 made of the situation as it stood. Up to the advent of Lib- 
 eral ascendency, while it can be said that there were not so 
 many improvements nor conveniences as since, it must also 
 be admitted that tax rates 
 were very much lower 
 and the municipality was 
 absolutely free from debt. 
 It now owes about $2.800.- 
 ooo and the burden in- 
 creases rather than dimin- 
 ishes, but to be strictly 
 fair again, it must be con- 
 ceded that there is some- 
 
 EAGI,E GATE. 
 
 thing to show for it. Pro- 
 gressive government comes high, but we must have it occa- 
 sionally. 
 
 Before the war the only public buildings (except the old 
 Tabernacle and ward halls) in Salt Lake City were the 
 Council House, which stood on the ground where the new 
 Deseret Neivs building now stands, a square structure used for 
 a county court house and jail, and a little dinky place of two 
 stories, the lower for city offices and the upper a court where 
 the once noted Jeter Clinton dispensed law and such to 
 offenders against the ordinances; and finally the Social Hall. 
 Look. at us now! 
 
 One of the early institutions of Salt Lake which has been 
 the means of imperiling many souls through the unrestricted 
 
THE PRINCIPAL CITIES. 
 
 193 
 
 use of profanity is the estray pound, and we still have it with 
 us with the sting of cussedness as sharp and alert for business 
 as in the halcyon days of the town. It is, as it has ever been,, 
 a congregating point for cows that have the advantage of 
 being city bred, for horses that want a rest even at the 
 price of semi-starvation, and for all manner and grade of 
 things that walk on four legs, excepts pigs. A great many 
 people who have lifted up their voices in words not ot prayer 
 have often wished that some one would turn in a pig to the 
 poundkeeper so they might have some measure of revenge 
 on him. The accompanying 
 cut is from a shapshot, and 
 gives a pretty fair idea of 
 how that justly celebrated 
 department of the municipal- 
 ity looks on ordinary occa- 
 sions. 
 
 Like the great lake it- 
 self, Salt Lake City is chiefly 
 sustained by numerous feed- 
 ers. Scarcely a profit-earn- 
 ing mine in the State but 
 what pays tribute in some 
 way to the great receiving 
 and disbursing point ; this 
 relates not only to ores and 
 
 bullion, but to pretty much everything else that is raised 
 in the State and systematically sold at a distance. The most 
 of everything finds its way here before it goes elsewhere, and 
 by some means or other some share of the values adheres to 
 the hands it passes through, not illegitimately of course, but 
 in the regular way of business. There is always some 
 greater attraction in the metropolis than can be found else- 
 where, and this has its effect. It is the only place in the State 
 that can accommodate, without being crowded, a great con- 
 vention at which a thousand or more people are in attendance,. 
 
 ESTRAY POUND. 
 
194 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 though Ogden and Provo have both had such gatherings and 
 handled them quite satisfactorily. As a matter of fact, Salt 
 Lake frequently has as many as 10,000 extra people on its 
 hands and has had as high as double that, the former being 
 nearly always the case at the semi-annual conferences of the 
 Mormon Church, the latter when there is something unusual 
 on the tapis, like the dedication of the great Temple, the 
 Jubilee celebration and so on. The hotel system of Zion is 
 fully equal to that of any city of similar proportions in the 
 world, while vastly superior to many, this of itself being no small 
 attraction; and in summer time it is the debouching center for 
 pleasure and health seekers to the shores of the lake, the 
 mountain resorts and elsewhere. Its streets are really fine as 
 well as capacious and well kept, the entire central portion 
 of the city being firmly and evenly paved, and all parts are 
 thoroughly gridironed with an electric car system which is as 
 satisfactory as any in the country. None of them is perfectly 
 satisfactory, because not picking people up just at the minute 
 they want to go anywhere and landing them at their destina- 
 tion in the twinkling of a drugstore eye in a temperance town. 
 The telephone is also greatly in evidence everywhere and, in 
 fact, all the modern advantages and conveniences, right up to 
 date and at the most reasonable rates, are on hand and con- 
 tributing their part toward maintaining and increasing the 
 "pull" which the metropolis enjoys. 
 
 The great City and County Building one of the finest 
 and most spacious to be found anywhere is the headquarters 
 of officialdom, State, county and city. The northern half is 
 known as the City Hall, the other part as the County Court 
 House. The grounds surrounding it are very beautiful and 
 constitute a commodious and pleasurable park. 
 
 The city's assessed valuation of property for 1902 was 
 $33,691,998; at this writing the assessment for 1903 is not 
 made, but estimates show that it will go beyond $35,000,000. 
 The tax rate is $3.19 on the $100. 
 
 The public school system is as nearly perfect as such a 
 
THE PRINCIPAL CITIES. 
 
 195 
 
 system can be made. Superintendents, teachers, buildings, 
 equipments and grounds are about all that could be asked. 
 
 Waterworks and water supply have not been altogether 
 satisfactory, but difficulties are steadily disappearing and im- 
 proved conditions taking their place. 
 
 The police system is economical and efficient. No more 
 men are employed than are actually necessary to safeguard 
 the general interest, but each is a steady, courageous, reliable 
 man. For special occasions the force can be and always is 
 
 "l,INGERL,ONGER," RESIDENCE OF JUDGE O. W. POWERS. 
 
 augmented sufficiently to be equal to any probable emergency. 
 The city officials for 1903 are Mayor, Ezra Thompson; 
 Members of Council, J. J. Thomas, F. J. Hewlett, Charles 
 Cottrell, Jr., F. S. Fernstrom, W. J. Tuddenham, T. R. Black, 
 Arthur J. Davis, Arthur Robinson, W. E. Vigus, E. J. Eard- 
 ley, Henry Arnold, E. H. Davis, John N. Sharp, Jr., W. C. 
 -Spence, J. S. Daveler; Recorder, J. O. Nystrom; Treasurer, 
 
THE PRINCIPAL CITIES. 197 
 
 Richard P. Morris; City Justices, Christopher B. Diehl, H. 
 S. Tanner; Chief of Police, Samuel Paul; Auditor,. Albert S. 
 Reiser; Attorney, George L. Nye; Engineer, Louis C. Kel- 
 sey; Superintendent of Streets and Irrigation, Peter S. Condie; 
 Superintendent of Waterworks, Frank L. Hines; Land and 
 Water Commissioner, I. M. Fisher; Superintendent of Parks, 
 C. B. Erickson; Chief of Fire Department, James Devine; 
 Building Inspector, F. M. Uimer; Oil Inspector and Sealer 
 of Weights and Measures, W. P. Nebeker; Dog Tax Collec- 
 tor, Walter F. Griffiths. 
 
 The county officials are as follows Commissioners, W. 
 W. Wilson, James H. Anderson, N. H. Standish; Clerk, John 
 James; Sheriff, C. Frank Emery; Recorder, Walter J. Meeks; 
 Treasurer, W. O. Carbis; Auditor, I. M. Fisher; Attorney, 
 George Westervelt; Surveyor, Joseph Swenson; Assessor, 
 Ben R. Eldredge; Superintendent of Schools, B. W. Ashton. 
 
 THE GREAT LAKE. 
 
 While Great Salt Lake is not within the municipal 
 boundaries of the city, it is so near by and so numerously 
 connected by lines of rail that it may be considered as one of 
 the features of the metropolis. A twenty minutes ride takes 
 one to the nearest point Saltair; thirty minutes to Garfield, 
 and from there on to the western side of the mountain range 
 the road skirts the beach all along; while both roads to the 
 north are in close view of the lake for nearly the whole dis- 
 tance to Ogden and the Rio Grande touches it in several 
 places. This remarkable body of water is a source of greater 
 wealth than the average individual knows of and of greater 
 possibilities in that direction than anybody has yet found out 
 all this in addition to its highly profitable features as a 
 sanitarium and pleasure resort. That noted farceur, the late 
 Col. Pat Donan, in writing up the lake gave wings to his 
 fancy and yet did not overstate the case very much if at all; 
 as the matter fits in here quite well, a portion of his article is 
 reproduced : 
 
198 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Say Salt Lake is a hundred miles long, and has an average width of 27 
 miles; that gives an area of 2,700 square miles. There are 27,878,400 square 
 feet in a mile; so the lake has an area of 75,271,680,000 square feet. Take 
 20 feet as its average depth; then 20 times 75,271,680,000 will give us 1,505,- 
 433,600,000 cubic feet as the contents of the lake. Now 16^3 per cent, or 
 one-sixth of this, according to the analysis of eminent chemists, is salt and 
 sulphate of soda. 
 
 That is, the lake contains 250,905,600,000 cubic feet of salt and sulphate 
 of soda. Of this vast mass one- eighth is sulphate of soda and seven-eighths 
 common salt. So there are of Na 2 S. O. 4, or sulphate of soda, 31,363,200,- 
 ooo cubic feet; and of Na Cl., or common salt, 219,542,400,000 cubic feet. 
 These figures seem astounding, but they are hardly a beginning. Proceed 
 a little farther. A cubic foot of sulphate of soda weighs 50 pounds, and a 
 cubic foot of common salt, 80 pounds; so we have, as the contents, in part, 
 of this unparalleled reservoir of wealth, 1,568,160,000,000 pounds, or 784,- 
 o8o ; ooo tons of sulphate of soda; and 17,560,339,200,000 pounds, or 8,780,169,- 
 6co tons of salt. Allowing ten tons to a car load, that would be 78,408,000 
 cars of soda, and 878,016,960 cars of salt. Taking 30 feet as the total length 
 of a freight car and its couplings, we would have a train of soda 445,500 
 miles long, or nearly to the moon and back; and a train of salt 4,988,730 
 miles in length, or long enough to reach 196 times around the earth, and 
 leave an 8,000 mile string of cars over on a side track. Running 20 miles 
 an hour and never stopping night or day, it would take the salt-laden train 
 28 years, 5 months and 23 days to pass a station. 
 
 When figures mount, as these do, into billions and trillions, they be- 
 come too vast for any careless handling. These are, thus far, correct and 
 reasonable, though almost incomprehensible. Carry the computation one 
 step more. The ordinary valuation of sulphate of soda is one cent a pound, 
 or $20 a ton; so our 784,080,000 tons of it would be worth, in the markets of 
 the world, $15,681,600 ooo. Common salt at a low estimate, is worth a half 
 cent a pound, or $10 a ton; our 8,780,169,600 tons of it would consequently 
 have a money value of $87,801,696,000. That is a gigantic, almost incon- 
 ceivable total for salt and soda, of $103,483,296,000; or enough, in two ingre- 
 dients of this watery wonder of the new world, to pay all the national debts 
 in Christendom, and leave a pretty fair fortune for every man, woman, child 
 and other person in the hemispheric republic of Yankeedoodledoo. 
 
 The entire assessed valuation of the United States, including real estate 
 and personal property, under the census of 1880, was $16,902,993,543; so the 
 salt and soda of this one mountain-girt lake are worth more than six times 
 as much as the whole forty nine States and Territories of the Union, as shown 
 by the national assessment books ten years ago. Do these figures seem as- 
 tounding? The facts are astounding and the figures but do them justice. 
 The conclusions are inexorable, and the figures, though overwhelming, are 
 absolutely accurate and trustworthy. But cut all the figures in two, halve 
 all the estimates, and we would still have a sum so prodigious that all the 
 arithmetic classes of creation would stagger before it. 
 
THE PRINCIPAL CITIES. 
 OGDEN CITY. 
 
 199 
 
 THE ground on which Utah's second city stands was 
 claimed and occupied by the white intruder some years be- 
 fore any other part of Utah was settled. The land was held 
 by virtue of an assumed grant from the Mexican government 
 to Miles M. Goodyear, the concession, if it ever existed, dat- 
 ing back to 1841 and embracing pretty much all that was 
 subsequently organized into Weber County, his fort being 
 situated near what is now the southwestern part of the city. 
 
 FIRST NATIONAL BANK, OGDEN. 
 
 Undoubtedly he took his pick out of the whole country, and 
 while he accomplished little or nothing in an agricultural way 
 on the soil chosen, those who see the Ogden of today, or for 
 that matter those who saw it fifty years ago and still live, 
 will cheerfully testify that he showed good judgment in his 
 selection, better, no doubt, than he was aware of. Soon after 
 the advent of^the Pioneers it was bought by Captain James 
 Brown for a comparatively small consideration, the possessor 
 
200 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 being evidently willing to, let go for what he could get for 
 two reasons that already stated, his inability to raise crops, 
 and the falling off in the trapping business, which the newly 
 appeared civilization threatened with growth to reduce to a 
 low ebb or wipe out altogether. So he and his dusky-hued 
 spouses with their saddle-colored offspring and the retainers 
 generally in the shape of mountaineers and more or less 
 hybridized bipeds and quadrupeds slid through the apertures 
 cleaving the everlasting hills and were seen no more. 
 
 The following spring a systematic opening of the work 
 
 PARRY BLOCK, OGDEN. 
 
 of reclamation took place. Large tracts of ground were 
 ploughed up and planted to grain, vegetables and melons. 
 They grew finely and matured properly. Families settled in 
 the now promising district, among them that of Lorin Farr, 
 who became the first mayor and served several terms after- 
 wards. The "city" was incorporated and Ogden had its be- 
 ginning. It grew steadily and prosperously and for three and 
 a half decades has been a city in fact as well as in law . But 
 
THE PRINCIPAL CITIES. 
 
 201 
 
 it has had some backsets notwithstanding its healthful growth. 
 It looks as if nothing begun or carried on by Mormons could 
 escape colliding with the Government sooner or later. Some 
 time after the organization of the Territory the Goodyear 
 title to the lands was repudiated at national headquarters and 
 another purchase had to be made, an expensive and worrisome 
 proceeding, but it didn't hurt much nor last long. 
 
 Ogden received its first great impulse in the direction of 
 
 RESIDENCE OF H. C. WARDLEIGH, OGDEN. 
 
 becoming a commercial centre from the advent of the Pacific 
 railway. Although the first junction was at Promontory and 
 the next at Corinne, where it remained for a good while, 
 Ogden was destined to have its rights in due time, and the 
 understanding that this was to be, together with the road ac- 
 tually in their midst, made a transformation which amounted 
 to a regular boom for a while. All kinds of commodities, 
 but especially houses and rooms, found immediate takers for 
 
 13 
 
202 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 cash and in some cases at exorbitant rates. After this wore 
 away and things settled down to a proper basis, the place 
 soon became adjusted to the new conditions, under which the 
 population has quite quadrupled and property values have 
 done even better than that. 
 
 The attractions and conveniences of the city are thu^ 
 enumerated by the Standard of a recent date : 
 
 A stranger coming to Ogden will find here the largest railway center in 
 the west, and the point toward which all central transcontinental lines 
 are pointing. 
 
 The best and most beautiful union depot west of Denver. 
 
 The best climate and most healthy conditions in the west. 
 
 Sanitary conditions of the city are of the best. 
 
 Twelve beautiful church edifices. 
 
 Three beautifully improved parks. 
 
 Eleven good hotels. 
 
 Five of the most substantial banks in the country. 
 
 A wide-awake daily paper which would be a credit to a town of 
 50,000 people. 
 
 An opera house with a seating capacity of 2,000. 
 
 Beautiful free public library, with one of the best and most beautiful 
 buildings for such an institution in the West. 
 
 A complete telephone system with another company seeking an 
 entrance. 
 
 City most attractively located. 
 
 A healthy and substantial building and business growth. 
 
 Business blocks all practically brick and stone structures with plate 
 glass fronts and possessing all modern conveniences. 
 
 Broad sidewalks and wide and level streets. 
 
 Most beautiful homes with charming environments. 
 
 Seat of the State School for Deaf, Blind and Dumb. 
 
 Seat of the Sta'e Industrial school. 
 
 Seat of the Weber Stake academy. 
 
 Sacred Heart Academy and the Catholic School of St. Joseph. 
 
 Ogden Sugar Plant has a capacity of about 400 tons of beets daily. 
 
 Utah Light & Power company plant, which ranks in magnitude with 
 any of the kind in the country, costing $1,500,000. Electrical force 
 IO,OOD horse power. 
 
 Four mammoth canning factories in Ogden and nine in the county 
 immediately adjacent to the city. 
 
 Electric light and gas plants. 
 
 Twenty-four jobbing houses. 
 
 The two largest wholesale houses in the West. 
 
 One woolen mill. 
 
THE PRINCIPAL C11IES. 203 
 
 Two knitting factories. 
 
 Two steam laundries. 
 
 Five flour mills. 
 
 One btewery, 
 
 Largest creamery company in the West, owning three large creamreies* 
 
 Largest sewer pipe and tile works west of the Mississippi. 
 
 A broom factory. 
 
 Nine brick yards. 
 
 Three electrical mills for woodwork. 
 
 One pickle and one vinegar factory. 
 
 One cracker factory. 
 
 One soap factory. 
 
 Largest railroad shops in the West. 
 . One foundry and three machine shops, 
 
 A first-class street railway system. 
 
 Four lumber yards. 
 
 A first-clast general hospital. 
 
 About thirty-five secret and fraternal orders. 
 
 Well organized fire and police departments. 
 
 Three hundred general business houses employing 1000 clerks. 
 
 Sixty wagon and blacksmith employes, 
 
 Finest school system in the West. 
 
 The scenic attractions of Ogden canyon, near the city, are not surpassed 
 by any scenery in the State, and two honrs' ride by carriage will land the 
 tourist in the very heart of the mountains, where he can enjoy the scenery 
 as well as the life-giving ozone of the Rockies. 
 
 Medicinal and thermal springs located vithin nine miles of the city, 
 rising out of the base of the Wasatch mountains. They possess remedial 
 virtues of the highest order, and have effected many phenomenal cures. 
 
 The present city officials (1903) are as follows: 
 Elective Mayor, William Glasmann; Recorder, W. J. 
 Critchlow ; Treasurer, Robert Moves; Municipal Judge, 
 Albert Howell; Auditor, Mrs. Hattie Brown; Attorney, John 
 
 E. Bagley. 
 
 Appointive Street Supervisor, L. B. Balch; Chief of 
 Police, T. E. Browning; Chief of Fire Department, George 
 A. Graves; Physician, Dr. G. A. Dickson; Sanitary Inspector, 
 Albert Powers; Engineer, A. F. Parker; Superintendent of 
 Schools, William Allison. 
 
 Councilmen William Driver, President; J. E. Williams, 
 
 F. W. Chambers, Charles Cross, J. C. Nye, F.J. Hendershot, 
 H. J. Powers, H. P. Randall, F. H. Carr, Robert Paine. 
 
204 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Ogden, like Salt Lake, has an excellent street car and 
 water service with all the modern advantages. It has a ma- 
 jority of public-spirited people who take an abiding interest 
 in their town and look for no welfare for themselves that it 
 cannot enjoy. Its population and statistics regarding it gen- 
 erally will be found in the proper departments. It is the seat 
 of the State Industrial and Reform School, also of the Deaf 
 and Dumb Institute; the county court house, located there, 
 is the finest and most commodious in the State outside of Salt 
 Lake, and the same can be said of its municipal public build- 
 ing. It has some educational, ecclesiastical, mercantile and 
 manufacturing structures that would do credit to any city; 
 among the latter is the recently finished sugar factory, a cut and 
 full account of which appear elsewhere; and the only union 
 depot and Carnegie library building in the State are among 
 Ogden's features. 
 
 PROVO CITY. 
 
 THE third city of the State dates its existence as a com- 
 munity back to the year 1849, ' m ^ e early part of April. At 
 that time the California gold excitement was running high, 
 but the settlers of Utah valley were not affected by it any 
 more than to take a passing interest in the details wafted to 
 them at long intervals, as they would have done with any 
 other news of more than ordinary consequence. They were 
 more intent upon the production of golden grain than any- 
 thing else of an earthly nature and they struck the right place 
 to get it in abundance later on. The valley had previously 
 been explored and settled by a company headed by John S. 
 Higbee, and at the time spoken of a fort was constructed on 
 or near the site of the city. The community grew apace, so 
 much so that it was incorporated in 1851, and on the iyth of 
 July a special confer&ace was held at which the town, which 
 had by that time grown up to some little size, was divided 
 
THE PRINCIPAL CITIES. 
 
 205 
 
 into five Bishop's wards. All the while the Indians were 
 practicing deviltry with numerous variations, attacking un- 
 awares, harassing travelers, stealing stock and occasionally 
 being gratified with the killing or wounding of one or more 
 of the whites. Of course some of the "noble scions" bit the 
 dust quite frequently, but not fast enough to discourage them 
 greatly for a good while. 
 
 The first mayor was Ellis Eames, who held office during 
 
 RESIDENCE OF SENATOR REED SMOOT, PROVO. 
 
 [The Senator and Family in the Foreground.] 
 
 1891 and 1892. The others were as follows: Evan M. 
 Green, 1853-4; B. K. Bullock, 1855-60; Ebenezer Hanks, 
 A. H. Scott, 1861-2; Isaac Bullock, B. K. Bullock, 1863 (the 
 duality in the mayor's office, shown by the last four incum- 
 bents, was abolished by the Legislature during the latter 
 term); William Miller, 1864-7; A. O. Smoot, i868-8i;W. 
 H. Dusenberry, 1882-9;]. E. Booth. 1890-91; W. N. Dusen- 
 berry, 1892-5; L. Holbrook, 1896-7; S. S.Jones, 1898-9; T. 
 N. Taylor, 1900-3. 
 
 Provo is called the "Garden City" and is entitled to the 
 
206 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 name, as nearly every residence is flanked by a garden and 
 more or less fruit-bearing trees and shrubs as well. It has a 
 commodious and well-appointed opera house, supports a daily 
 and two semi-weekly newspapers, and is well represented in 
 all the different departments of merchandising. It has several 
 job printing offices and one that has attached a bookbindery 
 second to none in the State that of the Skelton Publishing 
 Co., the manager of which, Mr. Robert Skelton, is a thor- 
 oughgoing business man who has brought the enterprise up 
 
 RESIDENCE OF SAMUEL A. KING, PROVO. 
 
 to a stage of efficiency and popularity that make it a feature 
 of the town. Provo is something of a seat of learning, hav- 
 ing as a leader the far-famed B. Y. Academy; it contains the 
 State Mental Hospital, one of the best managed and most 
 complete institutions of the kind in the whole country, and is 
 the home of several of our heaviest and most successful min- 
 ing men. 
 
 PROVO CITY OFFICERS, 1903. 
 
 Mayor, Thomas N. Taylor; Recorder, N. C. Larsen; 
 Marshal. Frank Tucker; Treasurer. Joseph Buttlr ; Justice 
 
THE PRINCIPAL CITIES. 
 
 207 
 
 of the Peace, Thomas John; City Attorney, A. L. Booth; 
 City Engineer, Caleb Tanner. Councilmen First Ward, 
 Joseph T. Farrer, C. F. Decker; Second Ward, Joseph Ward, 
 W. D. Roberts, Jr.; Third Ward, W. P. Silver, W. K. Farrer; 
 Fourth Ward, Albert Carter, George Powelson; Fifth Ward, 
 
 PROMINENT PfiOPLE OF PROVO. 
 
 J. H. McEwan, George S. Taylor; Superintendent Water- 
 works, J. E. Armistead; Quarantine Physician, Dr. F. W. 
 Taylor; Road Supervisor, Jorgen Hanson; Watermaster, 
 Henry Goddard; City Sexton, W. J. Taylor; Fire Chief , Leo 
 Bean. 
 
208 VTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 LOGAN CITY. 
 
 * THIS beautiful place was founded in June, 1859. 
 so rapidly that in April, i86i,it was divided into four Bishop's 
 wards, and the growth has continued steadily, as it properly 
 might, being the center of one of the richest agricultural and 
 stock-raising districts in the entire West, besides being blessed 
 with a number of pushing, enterprising men. It is one of the 
 four Temple cities of the State and contains besides one of 
 the largest and handsomest tabernacles in the State. 
 
 The following, from the Deseret News, tells the rest of 
 the story as well as it can be done: 
 
 "Chief among the cities of Cache valley, and the great 
 center of learning and trade, is Logan, the peerless Queen 
 City of northern Utah. It is situated on the east side of the 
 valley on a commanding slope and three hills. The Logan 
 river pours its rich burden of life-giving water out of the 
 mountains, and Logan has ample water supply for her do- 
 mestic use. lawns, tree-lined walks and spreading fields. This 
 little city has made enormous progress in the past year or 
 two, and is taking on metropolitan airs. Seven blocks of 
 sidewalks have recently been paved with cement, and there 
 is talk of two narrow sidewalk pavements on each side of 
 Center street from Main to the depot, seven blocks. Fully 
 twenty-five business blocks have been erected in the central 
 part of town during the past two years, and Main and Center 
 streets and a portion of Fifth North street, adjacent to the 
 main business block, now present a handsome appearance. 
 
 "Under the enterprising direction of Mayor Hansen and 
 the Logan city council a boulevard has been built from the 
 center of town to a point near the Agricultural College, and 
 it is proposed to complete it to that institution at an early date. 
 Three rows of trees were set out, enclosing a walk and a 
 driveway, and in the years to come the beautiful embowered 
 avenue, overlooking a charming pastoral scene, will be a 
 
THE PRINCIPAL CITIES. 209 
 
 monument to the foresight of Logan's present efficient city 
 officers. 
 
 "Logan is the distributing point for the valley. Shoppers 
 come from a distance of five to twenty miles in almost every 
 direction to do their trading at the large mercantile, clothing, 
 furniture, jewelry, drug and other business establishments of 
 the city. 
 
 "If Logan is prouder of one thing more than another it 
 is her magnificent educational facilities. 
 
 "Foremost is the grand Agricultural College of Utah, 
 with its thousand acres of land, its dozen handsome buildings, 
 its forty qualified instructors, and its five hundred bright 
 students. Next is the great Brigham Young College, with 
 thirty well educated instructors, five hundred students, and 
 ample buildings and acreage. The New Jersey Academy is 
 a well equipped college and has six instructors and a hundred 
 students. In the Logan district schools, one thousand two 
 hundred children are taught by twenty-five able instructors." 
 
 The city was incorporated in 1866, Alvin Crockett being 
 the first mayor. Following are the present officers (1903): 
 Mayor, Lorenzo Hansen; Attorney,}. C. Walters; Recorder, 
 Hattie Smith; Treasurer, Hannah H. Jacobsen; Physician, 
 D. C. Budge; Marshal, Emer Crockett; Road Supervisor, 
 Samuel Holt; Sexton, Knud Peterson; Justice, H. A. Peder- 
 son; Poundkeeper, John H. Gnehm; Fire Chief, C. B. Rob- 
 bins; Building Inspector, Albert Berntsen; Surveyor, K. C. 
 Schaub. Councilmen E. W. Robinson, Absalom Burris, 
 Lorenzo Benson, T. A. Thoresen. C. H. Baker, John Quayle, 
 Casper Hoffman, T. H. Smith, N. M. Hanson, P. M. Niel- 
 sen. 
 
THE TELEGRAPH. 
 
 ADVENT AND GROWTH OF THIS GREAT 
 FEATURE OF CIVILIZATION. 
 
 THE subject of communication with the outside world is 
 ever an important one with colonists, and to none of 
 these was it ever more so than to those who first peopled Utah. 
 Having established themselves in their new and permanent 
 homes, and beheld the nucleus planted here expanding and 
 ramifying day by day, the feeling of isolation, while bringing 
 with it a sense of security from mobs and immunity from or- 
 ganized lawlessness, was by no means completely comfortable. 
 It has previously been suggested that the Pioneers had effected 
 a physical separation, but many soulful ties and ineradicable 
 memories remained. The desire to know wnat former friends 
 were doing, how they were getting along, and that thirst which 
 comes of a learning of the ways and means of mankind through 
 education and association were all inextinguishable, and every 
 proposition looking to the advancement of means by which 
 private and public intelligence could be transmitted, received 
 all the encouragement which a people not yet reclothed with 
 the ability to do, which they were compelled to leave behind, 
 could give. At such a time the words "Overland Mail" had 
 a sound which for a long time the substance failed to justify- 
 It has already been stated how uncertain, slow-going, few and 
 far between were the trips which the Government established 
 between Salt Lake City and the Eastern frontier, but the men- 
 tion was so brief that the mind of the reader could not have 
 
1HE TELEGRAPH. 211 
 
 been brought to anything like a realization of the situation 
 while surrounded by such splendid postal service as prevails 
 nowadays. It is not to be inferred from all this that the 
 blame was altogether, if even partly upon the Government, 
 which did all along what was doubtless represented to it as 
 the best that could be done under the circumstances. Staging 
 in the earlier days was a laborious, tedious and dangerous 
 undertaking, the unseen escorts in the persons of white men 
 aided by red ones becoming steadily more and more numerous, 
 .and only awaiting favorable opportunities when there was any- 
 thing likely to be profitable to swoop down on the coaches 
 bearing death and destruction along with them. These un- 
 certainties, delays and dangers coupled with the desire for 
 .something better, set the inventive faculties to work, the result 
 being the establishment of what soon became a popular and 
 world-renowned mode of communication, the Pony Express, 
 previously spoken of. 
 
 The passing of the "pony" was one of the sounds that 
 echoed from the border-land late in the spring time of 1861. 
 He had seemingly become an indispensable factor in our 
 growing civilization, but as the mule train cannot do business 
 when there is a railroad to do it, so cannot a pony express 
 continue when brought into competition with harnessed light- 
 ning. A charter had been granted by Congress to Edward 
 Creighton of Omaha for the construction and operation of a 
 transcontinental telegraph system, and the line was reaching 
 us from both directions. About the middle of July the 
 superintendent of construction for this division, whose name 
 was James Street, set up the first pole on Main Street of Salt 
 Lake City, at a point opposite to where is now a mercantile 
 establishment just north of the Deseret National Bank. In 
 the building which then occupied the ground the first tele- 
 graph office was established. Piece by piece were the pony's 
 runs curtailed and little by little were ,the pauses occurring 
 after the different dates in the dispatches shortened, showing 
 in an unmistakable manner the gradual approach of the elec- 
 
212 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 trie messenger. Finally the line builders out of this city made 
 connection with those coming from the East, and on the i7th 
 of October the instruments were put in place, the first click 
 announcing the annihilation of time and space between the 
 great East and the far West sounded and recorded another 
 grand epoch entered upon in the onward march of our inland 
 empire. 
 
 The superintendent having tendered to President Young 
 the privilege of sending the first message over the wire, he at 
 once drafted a congratulatory dispatch to the President of 
 the (then) Pacific Telegraph company, which concluded with 
 the assuring words that Utah had not seceded but was firm 
 for the Constitution and laws of the land, adding that the Ter- 
 ritory was warmly interested in such enterprises as the one 
 then completed. This dispatch was dated the day following 
 the actual completion of the eastern division of the system, 
 at which time naturally everything was in better working 
 order and was as stated the first message ever sent by tele- 
 graph from this city. A little more than fourteen years had 
 elapsed since the sender, weary from exposure, hardships and 
 unremitting endeavor in behalf of his people, had set his foot 
 upon the soil, a period within which a hundred souls had be- 
 come a hundred thousand, a thousand dollars in values had 
 swollen a thousand times, the rigors and rebuffs of nature 
 were overcome, and one of man's greatest achievements in 
 the dissemination of intelligence had placed him and his again 
 within the charmed circle of progressive civilization. These 
 and many other thoughts must have surged through his mind 
 as the consummation which gladdened his heart was brought 
 before him and the means placed at his disposal of sending 
 back with the speed of a sunbeam a greeting to the land 
 where he and those of his faith were not permitted to live,, 
 enjoy peace and pursue paths of happiness. What a history 
 it all was, and how impossible is it to grasp with a mental 
 effort the fullness of its consequences! 
 
 To the message of President Young a courteous reply 
 
THE TELEGRAPH. 213 
 
 made by President Wade, his words being fervent with 
 friendliness and esteem and expressive of the greatest good 
 for all concerned. 
 
 Immediately after the transmission of the first message, 
 a second one was dispatched, this to President Abraham Lin- 
 coln at Washington and signed by Frank Fuller, acting Gov- 
 ernor of the Territory. This was much more effusive, con- 
 taining extravagant protestations of loyalty and bristling with 
 such patriotic periods as must have warmed up the wire along 
 which they sped. Of course it was a great occasion and doubt- 
 less the Governor was trying to be equal to it, but I am some- 
 what of the opinion that a careful analysis would show that 
 he got a little beyond it. A very brief, modest reply was re- 
 ceived on the 2Oth, as follows: 
 
 "WASHINGTON, D. C., 
 
 "Oct. 2oth, 1861. 
 "Hon. Frank Fuller, Acting Governor of Utah Territory: 
 
 "SiR The completion of the telegraph is auspicious of 
 the stability and union of the Republic. The Government re- 
 ciprocates your congratulations. 
 
 "ABRAHAM LINCOLN." 
 
 Not a great deal of commercial business was done for a 
 while, as may readily be understood. Congratulations, felici- 
 tations, greetings and all that sort of thing had to be attended 
 to, and there was much reason for it. Utah had taken on an 
 added dignity and made a plunge toward the fore by reason 
 of the telegraph's advent, and it was clearly impossible to 
 appreciate the occasion more than its importance justified. 
 The good and patient people of this tried and true common- 
 wealth now began to reap some reward of their patient, plod- 
 ding industry and uncomplaining seclusion from the busier 
 haunts of men. They were at last in instantaneous commun- 
 ication with the world at large. The news no longer bore 
 the date of several days previously, but of the same day, and 
 noL infrequently the same hour relatively as when received. 
 
214 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 It was a mighty transition, sure enough, but it was not 
 the end by a great deal rather the commencement of the~ 
 improved order of things. With that keen insight into the 
 needs of the people and that class of statesmanship which 
 recognizes the hand of progress in the mortal status, making 
 the luxury of yesterday the necessity of today, President 
 Young was not long in devising the ways and means by which 
 the whole of the Territory should be joined in the mystic tie 
 which made us in point of inter-communication a part and 
 parcel of the world at large. We must have a telegraph line 
 all to ourselves! Of course so grand a step forward could not 
 come immediately, but it is a belief founded upon the strongest 
 kind of circumstantial evidence that the first communications 
 were no sooner passed over the Pacific Telegraph wires than 
 the great leader determined then and there to extend the field 
 of electric transmission on his own and the people's account, 
 just so soon as the means for doing it could be raised. In the 
 latter part of 1865, the scheme took shape in the issuance of 
 a circular letter from the President's office to the bishops of 
 the different settlements, requesting their aid and co-operation 
 in the matter. The replies were spontaneous and hearty and 
 the success of the project was thus assured beforehand. With- 
 out waiting for the enterprise to take on material shape, 
 the President took time by the forelock in the establishment 
 of a telegraph school wherein such of the young men as de- 
 sired to do so might become measurably proficient in the art 
 of reading by sound, and thus have everything in readiness 
 for business so soon as the construction was completed. This 
 school was held first in Brigham's family schoolhouse which 
 then stood near the Eagle Gate, but subsequently it was re- 
 moved. The school contained about thirty pupils, who re- 
 ceived practical instructions with real instruments, the teacher 
 being John C. Clowes, an operator of the Pacific Telegraph 
 office. Everything being in readiness the line of the Deseret 
 Telegraph Company was formally opened on December ist, 
 1866. E. -C. Stickney, superintendent of construction and 
 
THE TELEGRAPH. 215- 
 
 also an operator, proceeded to Ogden and set up the instru- 
 ments there, then awaited the electric flash from Salt Lake 
 which was not long in coming. Mr. Clowes opened the office 
 here and all the others save the one at Ogden. The former 
 was located in the President's office and at the appointed time 
 the sharp click of the "sounder" announced everything in 
 readiness and the usual messages of congratulation passed. 
 Another step forward was gained. 
 
 The offices to the north were opened first, then came the 
 greater task of putting the long southern division of the wire 
 in working order. Provo received the first attention, then 
 Payson, Nephi, Scipio, Fillmore, Cove Creek, Beaver, Paro- 
 wan, Kanarrah, Toquerville, Washington and St. George in 
 turn. From each of these the usual expressions of congratu- 
 lation and thankfulness were transmitted and appropriate re- 
 plies received. 
 
 The company was duly incorporated on the i8th of De- 
 cember, with the following officers: Brigham. Young, president;. 
 Daniel H. Wells, vice-president; William Clayton, secretary; 
 George Q. Cannon, treasurer; A. M. Musser, superintend- 
 ent. The latter continued in office for several years, and al- 
 though at first a total stranger to the telegraphic code and . 
 the "inner workings" of the system, he progressed in the 
 matter of acquiring the needed intormation quite rapidly and 
 in addition to efficiency gave the whole system a business-like 
 attention which under the circumstances could scarcely have 
 been surpassed, and he was quite popular with the employees 
 of the company. Under his superintendency the Deseret 
 branched out until it became a great deal more than a merely 
 local enterprise. In 1871 it was extended from St. George to 
 Pioche, Nevada, where its advent was hailed with a grand ac- 
 claim on the part of the previously isolated people, and where 
 it made money "hand over fist," something it had never done 
 in Utah. For two years the Pioche office took in from $2,000 
 to $3,000 per month, a business which was altogether too- 
 brilliant not to attract attention, and then came a competing. 
 
216 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 line on the part of the Western Union. It struck the camp 
 about the time it commenced to go down, and of course a 
 divided business in a declining town made a great change for 
 
 the worse; but the Deseret 
 had got the cream of what 
 there was going and could 
 better stand the falling off 
 than the other line could. 
 Through the superintend- 
 ent's foresight and enter- 
 prise, the treasury of the 
 company had become some- 
 thing more than a name with- 
 out substance; but he did not 
 stop with one such achieve- 
 ment. Branch lines were 
 constructed to Alta then a 
 very flourishing camp Tin- 
 tic, Star district and other 
 places, all of which did a 
 good business for some time. 
 
 Mr. Musser was succeeded in 1876 by William B. Dougall, 
 a very capable business man and a practical operator in the 
 front rank of efficiency. The entire system was sold to the 
 Western Union in February, 1900. 
 
 A. MILTON MUSSER. 
 
THE RAILROAD. 
 
 ITS INCEPTION, GROWTH AND PRESENT 
 PROPORTIONS. 
 
 IT WOULD be manifestly impossible for one who was not 
 here when there were no railroads to grasp in its fullness 
 the greatness of the transformation which the rails have 
 wrought. How true it is that the first locomotive bell which 
 resounded in the gorges of the Wasatch mountains tolled the 
 death knell of old conditions, while at the same time signal- 
 izing with joyous notes the ushering in of the new! No more 
 the wearisome, long drawn-out marches from frontier to 
 frontier, sore footed, wearied, worn and wan, with months of 
 time consumed, means squandered and opportunities deferred 
 or lost; no more prohibitive tariffs on the necessaries of life 
 with the use of luxuries restricted to the very few; no longer 
 living in the shadow of civilization, but basking in its full-orbed 
 glow ! The change was so sudden and yet so complete that 
 it seemed almost like waking from a dream, or like passing 
 into another sphere of existence; and yet it had come so 
 quietly, so apparently naturally, that the marvel was no sooner 
 upon us than it had passed away. What an adaptable, ad- 
 justable creature the human animal is! 
 
 The subject of a transcontinental railway was agitated 
 for years before the scheme began to take shape. The first 
 thing that was done in a practical way was by Brigham Young 
 in 1847, when at the head of his band of exiles he was plod- 
 ding his weary way hither. For hundreds of miles he marked 
 
218 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 out and followed the way which many years later became the 
 roadbed of the great Pacific railroad. Seven years after the 
 people had settled Utah, to wit, on January 31, 1854, a mass 
 meeting was held in Salt Lake City to agitate the building 
 of the road, regarding which a bill had been presented by 
 Thomas H. Benton in the U. S. Senate four years previously, 
 but it came to nothing, although there were, by the time the 
 mass meeting was held, no less than seven distinct surveys in 
 existence, one of which was that of Captain Stansbury, made 
 on his return East from Utah. 
 
 A bill for a Pacific railroad finally got through Congress 
 and was signed by President Lincoln on July i, 1862. It 
 gave a bonus of $16,000 a mile, and every odd-numbered 
 section of land for ten miles on each side of the track. The 
 first spadeful of dirt was turned at Omaha on December 2, 
 1863, the company having been organized in New York in 
 September. 1862. Nothing more was done till the next year, 
 when, Congress having added some sweetening by way of other 
 inducements, the great work was begun in earnest. At the 
 celebration held in Omaha, when ground was first broken, 
 George Francis Train created amusement and derision by 
 predicting that the road would be completed by 1870, several 
 years less than the time limit given by Congress. The eccen- 
 tric orator proved to be a better guesser than those who 
 ridiculed him, the time set by him not being exhausted by 
 some eight months. 
 
 The Central Pacific, which began in California and worked 
 easterly, was a private and, for some time, unsubsidized com- 
 pany, but later it fell in for its share of the good things granted 
 by the Government to the Union Pacific, as the Eastern com- 
 pany was called. The Central organized in 1861 and work 
 was commenced on January 8. 1863. The Eastern road 
 reached Ogden on March 8, 1869, at 11.30 a. m., amid general 
 rejoicing and a great celebration. It was pushed right along 
 and finally met the Central at Promontory Point, at the northern 
 end of Great Salt Lake, on May 10 following, where another 
 
THE RAILROAD. 219 
 
 celebration occurred, both roads bringing crowds of people. 
 Speechmaking, music, and driving of a gold, a silver, and a 
 gold, silver and iron spike, were the features. The writer 
 was there right on the heels of the proceedings, but those 
 spikes had already been removed. 
 
 It might as well be mentioned here as elsewhere, that 
 millions have been expended by the Union Pacific during the 
 past few years in the improvement of its line and cutting out 
 curves, grades, etc.; one of its great achievements being the 
 completion of Leamington cut-off, making a straight line to 
 southern Utah. Also, millions have been expended on the 
 Central Pacific for the same purpose, including the Ogden 
 and Lucin cut-off across the northern end of the Great Salt 
 Lake, making a difference of forty-two miles in one hundred 
 and forty-nine. 
 
 The Union Pacific and Central Pacific were married one 
 day and divorced the next. There was considerable conten- 
 tion as to a junction point, since Promontory, the place of 
 meeting, was quite impossible because unwatered, untreed, 
 unfruitful, unpromising and many things that were undesirable. 
 Corinne, an outgrowth of the railway's advent in Box Elder 
 county, was settled upon, but it did not take long for those 
 who were on the lookout to discover that Mahomet was not 
 drawing the mountain to him and therefore the part of wis- 
 dom was to have Mahomet go to the mountain. So Ogden 
 was finally settled upon, but not until all sorts of schemes had 
 been tried to fix matters otherwise. Relying upon the per- 
 manency of the new town as the meeting point many invest- 
 ments involving in the aggregate considerable sums were 
 made, and the railway officials helped as much as they could, 
 even for some time not stopping their trains at Ogden at all. 
 But experiments which fail to make the income equal the out- 
 lay must pall at last upon the strongest corporations, and so 
 it came about that Ogden finally came into her rightful inher- 
 itance and a good thing it has proved for both parties. The 
 general proceedings looking to the keeping out in the cold of 
 
220 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 everything not established by the railway managers were ex- 
 pensively abortive and on the whole about as absurd as an 
 opera. Of course all this has nothing to do with the more 
 recent management, particularly the present one, which is 
 capable at every point, discreet and progressive. 
 
 UTAH CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN. 
 
 OGDEN was not destined to remain long the coupling 
 point of but two roads with Salt Lake not even a way station; 
 for on the 8th day of March. 1869, the Utah Central road, 
 having in view the rail connection of the metropolis with the 
 transcontinental lines, was organized; work was begun May 
 17, 1869, and being a short cry was finished on January 10, 
 1870. On the occasion a great crowd assembled on the ground 
 where now stands ihe Oregon Short Line depot, speeches 
 were made, glorifications of various kinds were indulged in 
 and the last spike was triumphantly sent home under a ham- 
 mer wielded by President Brigham Young, a gentleman who 
 has been occasionally referred to elsewhere in these pages. 
 It was regarded as a great day, which in good truth it was, 
 though compared with some later culminations, it was not 
 per se so consequential, being much more entitled to the des- 
 ignation -Short Line" than the road which eventually acquired 
 it, the latter being in reality rather a long line, all things con- 
 sidered. 
 
 The organization consisted of Brigham Young, George 
 Q. Cannon, Joseph A. Young, Daniel H. Wells, Christopher 
 Layton, Bryant Stringham, D. F. Kimball, Isaac Groo, D. O. 
 Calder, George A. Smith, John Sharp, William Jennings, 
 Feramorz Little and J. T. Little. 
 
 The great and good work was not permitted to stand still. 
 On January 17, 1871, the Utah Southern, an extension of the 
 Central, was decided upon and a company was thereupon 
 
THE RAILROAD. 221 
 
 organized. This contained many of the above named persons. 
 It was completed (its terminal being Juab station, Juab Co.) 
 on June 13, 1879. Subsequently the road was extended to 
 Frisco, Beaver county. 
 
 OREGON SHORT LINE. 
 
 IT CAME to pass in the going and coming of things that 
 the pioneer road across the eastern pampas broke apart and 
 became two systems instead of one, this occurring on March 
 16, 1897, whereby the Oregon Short Line was eventuated, 
 one of its eastern terminii being at Granger, Wyoming, the 
 other at Ogden.* (The Central Pacific had previously 
 became the Southern Pacific). It has a trackage of 1698 
 miles and an army of employes, the number averaging stead- 
 ily during the year 4898. The capitalization is $27,460,100 
 at $100 per share. It operates 178 locomotives, 1146 pas- 
 senger cars, and 5,871 freight and miscellaneous cars. The 
 Short Line is the onlv road through Northern Utah, Idaho 
 and Southern Montana, whereby it has a field that is vast and 
 constantly growing. Its service in point of security, celerity 
 and certainty is not excelled by that of any in the country. 
 The officers areas follows: 
 
 President S. H. Harriman, 120 Broadway, New York. 
 Vice President Wm. D. Cornish, New York. 
 
 Vice President and Gen. Manager W. H. Bancroft, Salt Lake City. 
 Local Treasurer Chas. H. Jenkinson, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 Treasurer F. V. S. Crosby, 120 Broadway, New York. 
 Secretary Alex. Millar, 120 Broadway, New York. 
 General Manager and Supt. Telegraph E. E- Calvin, Salt Lake City. 
 Acting Traffic Manager T. M. Schumacher, Salt Lake City. 
 Assistant General Freight Agent J. A.. Reeves, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 Gen. Pass, and Ticket Agent D. E. Burley,Salt Lake City. 
 Assistant General Pass, and Ticket Agent D. S. Spencer, Salt Lake 
 City 
 
 Car Accountant A. F. Brewer, Salt Lake City. 
 
 * The division is understood to be more or less nominal, the U. P. practi- 
 cally owning the O. S. L. as well as the Oregon R. R. and Navigation Co. 
 
222 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Consulting Engineer J. B. Berry, Omaha, Neb. 
 Resident Engineer Win. Ashton, Salt Lake City. 
 Division Engineer J. P. Condon, Pocatello, Idaho. 
 General Purchasing Agent I. O. Rhoades, Salt Lake City. 
 Storekeeper F. W. Taylor, Pocatello, Idaho. 
 Supt. Motive Power and Machinery J. F. Dunn, Salt Lake City. 
 Auditor C. J. McNitt, Salt Lake City. 
 
 Superintendents H. W. Henderson, Salt Lake City; E. C. Manson. 
 Pocatello, Idaho; G. H. Olmstead, Pocatello. Idaho. 
 
 BEAR RIVER CANYON, ON THE OREGON SHORT I<INE. 
 
 Master Mechanics D, J. Malone, Pocatello, Idaho; W. J. Tollerton, Salt 
 Lake City. 
 
 District Foremen Henry C. Carrick, Montpelier, Idaho; Sam'l Smith, 
 Lima, Mont.; M. J. Carrigan, Glens Ferry, Idaho. 
 
 Foremen Painters F. C. Mallard, Pocatello, Idaho; J. A. Stahle, Salt 
 Lake City, Utah. 
 
 Supts. Bridges and Build'gs J. A. Weed and S. M. Bennett, Pocatello, 
 Idaho. 
 
 Roadmasters C. H. Renfro, Montpelier, Idaho; H. Byrne, Pocatello, 
 Idaho; Con. Connors, Nampa, Idaho; J. McEntee, Salt Lake City, Utah; 
 J. Rourke, Milford, Utah; F. McGonigle, Pocatello.Idaho; Wm. Picker, Salt 
 Lake City, Utah; H. McGonigle, Lima, Mont. 
 
 The Short Line inherited several absorptions previously 
 
THE RAILROAD. 223 
 
 made by the Union Pacific, these being the Utah Central, 
 Utah Southern, Utah and Northern and Utah and Nevada 
 roads, as well as connecting at Nephi with the Sanpete Valley 
 road, besides spurs too numerous to mention. It has a great 
 loop in the central portion of the State, one of the foci being 
 Salt Lake City, the other Leamington station, Millard county, 
 the circuit comprising a trackage of some 300 miles. From 
 the latter point it proceeds as a single track on its grand 
 march to Los Angeles and the Pacific, the track at this writ- 
 ing being some distance inside the Nevada line and moving 
 steadily along.* 
 
 SOUTHERN PACIFIC (CENTRAL PACIFIC). 
 
 As PREVIOUSLY set forth this company (the Central Pacific) 
 began as an individual, unsubsidized enterprise and was work- 
 ing its slow way eastward when the Union Pacific began 
 turning up the soil on the banks of the Missouri river. That 
 it subsequently came in for a share of the indispensable help 
 extended by the Government is also shown; but undoubtedly 
 it would have reached us later and then continued its onward 
 march to the East if it had not received a cent in the way 
 of direct aid from Uncle Sam. It had the right kind of people 
 in the organization to see to that. With its extensions, it now 
 operates 1804 m ^es of trackage, besides ferry and water lines 
 amounting to 318 miles. On the ist of April, 1885, it was 
 leased to the Southern Pacific Company for a period of 99 
 years and by the latter title it is now commonly known. The 
 Central Pacific Railway Co. was organized under the laws of 
 this State on July 29, 1899, and acquired title to all properties 
 and roads owned by the Central Pacific Railroad Co. Its car 
 
 * The Short Line system south of Sandy and west of Salt Lake was pur- 
 chased on July 7, 1903, by W. A. Clark, and immediately became the 
 northern division of the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake road, q. v. 
 
224 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 inventory shows 177 passenger, 5 chair, 14 tourist, 10 dining, 
 23 passenger and baggage, 52 baggage, mail and express, 26 
 postal, 10 business, 5 composite, 77n freight, 325 service; 
 total, 8,356. Besides which the company owns and operates 
 5 passenger ferry steamers, 2 car transfer steamers, 5 river 
 steamers, i tug. 4 barges and 2 dredges. 
 
 The whole authorized issue of stock is $20,000,000 pre- 
 ferred and $67,275,500 common. The officers are: 
 
 President, E. H. Harriman Arden, New York 
 
 Vice-President, Charles H. Tweed : New York 
 
 Treasurer, N. F. Smith San Carlos, California 
 
 Secretary, J. L. Willcut San Francisco 
 
 Assistant Secretary, David R. Gray Salt Lake City 
 
 The foregoing with H.E.Huntington, New York, Thomas 
 
 Marshall, D. B. Hemp- 
 stead, J. C. Royle, Salt 
 LakeCiy;W.H.Chev- 
 ers and J. S. Noble, 
 Ogden, Utah, are the 
 directors. The Salt 
 Lake office is at No. 
 201 South Main Street. 
 The only one of the 
 officials, as will be ob- 
 served above (unless 
 directors can be so 
 classed) who resides in 
 Salt Lake City is David 
 R. Gray, an excellent 
 cut of whom appears 
 in this connection. He 
 
 DAVID R. GRAY. is also the general agent 
 
 here, and holds the 
 
 same position in relation to the Union Pacific, the Oregon 
 Short Line and the Oregon Railway and Navigation compa- 
 nies, so it is easy to determine that he does not have many idle 
 
THE RAILROAD. 225 
 
 moments on his hands. He is a young man and a native of 
 Ohio, having been born at Loveland on October 12, 1866. 
 He was educated at the Wesleyan University, Delaware, that 
 State, and entered the railroad service in 1884, as a clerk with 
 the Pennsylvania company, remaining there till 1886, when 
 he took a term in college, remaining there until 1889. He 
 then went to the general freight office of the Southern Pacific 
 in San Francisco as a clerk, and remained there till 1890, when 
 he accepted a position as contracting and traveling agent with 
 headquarters in Salt Lake City, becoming then general agent 
 in 1891 of the Southern Pacific company, and in 1901 of the 
 Harriman system, made up by the Union Pacific, Southern 
 Pacific, Oregon Short Line and Oregon Railway and Navi- 
 gation company and their controlled rail aad steamship lines. 
 In November, 1900, Mr. Gray was married to Miss 
 Nannie H. Marshall, daughter of Thomas Marshall, attorney 
 for Southern Pacific company, of the firm of Marshall 
 and Royle, both directors in the Central Pacific. He 
 has been in the railroad business so long that young as he 
 is, he is entitled to rank as a veteran; and having become a 
 thorough Salt Laker by residence, adoption and marriage, he 
 may fairly be considered as u one of us." He is undoubtedly 
 in Utah for good for his own good and the State's good, and 
 undoubtedly has a big and fertile field in which to continue 
 his useful operations. 
 
 RIO GRANDE WESTERN. 
 
 THIS great system was originally a part of its present 
 eastern connection, the Denver and Rio Grande, which was 
 completed to Salt Lake City on March 30, 1883. It was a 
 narrow gauge and was so conducted for several years, v. hen 
 the work of broad-gauging was successfully accomplished and 
 th breaking away occurred soon after. It is one of the best 
 
226 
 
 UTAH AS II IS. 
 
 equipped, most expeditious and reliable roads in the country, 
 and part of its way is through scenery which to one who is 
 
 MAP OP THE 
 
 RIO GRANDE WESTERN RY. 
 
 GREAT SALT LAKE ROUTE 
 
 MAP OF RIO GRANDE WESTERN SYSTEM. 
 
 not familiar with it is alone worth the price of a trip. It has 
 spacious offices and a goodly corps of officials in the Dooly 
 block, Salt Lake City. 
 
 The progress of the Rio Grande Western Railway, the 
 "scenic line of the world," has noted the progress of the State; 
 its enterprise has marked the enterprise of the people; its in- 
 terests and those of the people it serves are recognized as iden- 
 tical. It operates in connection with the Rock Island, Bur- 
 lington, Missouri Pacific and Santa Fe routes. It operates 
 throughout the entire middle portion of this State, and is rap- 
 idly reaching out in all directions. A map of its trackage 
 appears in connection herewith. 
 
 The principal officers and all of them that are located in 
 Utah are as follows: 
 
 George J. Gould, Chairman Board Directors New York City 
 
 E. T. Jeffery, President New York City 
 
 Russell Harding, V. P. and Gen'l Mgr St Louis 
 
 A. C. Bird, Vice-President Chicago 
 
 J. M.Johnson, Asst. to Vice-President Chicago 
 
 J. A. Edson, Manager Denver 
 
 J. W. Gilluly, Treasurer Denver 
 
THE RAILROAD. 227 
 
 Jesse White, Ass't Treasurer New York 
 
 Stephen Little, Secretary New York 
 
 W. F. Colton, Cash'r and Ass't Sec'y Salt Lake City 
 
 E. R. Murphy, General Auditor Denver 
 
 S. W. Meyer, Auditor Disbursements Denver 
 
 F. M. Dewees, Auditor Freight Receipts Denver 
 
 J. F. Howe, Auditor Passenger Receipts Denver 
 
 Edward O. Wolcott, General Counsel Denver 
 
 W. S. Pierce, Counsel New York City 
 
 Joel F. Vaile, General Attorney Denver 
 
 R. Harkness, Western Solicitor Salt Lake City 
 
 Bennett, Sutherland, Van Cott & Allison, Attorneys Salt Lake City 
 
 J. H. Young, Gen'l Supt Salt Lake City 
 
 E H. Williams, Ass't Supt. ist Dist Salt Lake City 
 
 A. S Hughes, General Traffic Manager Denver 
 
 S. H. Babcock, Ass't Gen'l Traffic Mgr Salt Lake 
 
 Fred Wild, Jr., Gen'l Freight Agent Denver 
 
 S. V. Derrah, Ass't Gen'l Fr't Agt Salt Lake City 
 
 LOOP, TINTIC LINE, R. G. W. 
 
 S. K. Hooper, Gen'l Pass, and Tkt. Agt .. Denver 
 
 E. J. Yard, Chief Engineer Denver 
 
 J. L. Thomson, Supervisor Bridges and Building Salt Lake City 
 
 John Hickey, Msir. Mechanic Salt Lake City 
 
 G. F. Cotter, Trainmaster Salt Lake City 
 
 G. Nell, Chief Dispatcher Salt Lake City 
 
 W. B. Glardon/Supt. Telegraph Denver 
 
 L. F. Jordan, General Storekeeper Burnham 
 
 J.- D. Kenworthy, Gen'i Agent Freight Department Kansas City 
 
228 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 J. A. Benton, Gen'l Agent Passenger Department Kansas City 
 
 J. H. Dewey, Jr., Traveling Freight Agent Salt Lake City 
 
 E. R. Hunt, Traveling Freight Agent Ogden 
 
 Castilla Springs, a noted pleasure resort and sanitarium, 
 situated in a romantic spot in Spanish Fork canyon, is an adjunct 
 of the R. G. W. Here many people visit to spend vacations 
 or enjoy a temporany relief from the vexations of the world, 
 and it is a favorite gathering place for pleasure parties of 
 various kinds. 
 
 ILLINOIS CENTRAL. 
 
 THERE are several railroads whose active operations in 
 Utah are through connections, these being in every case so 
 
 ILLINOIS CENTRAL STATION. 
 
THE RAILROAD. 229 
 
 complete and thorough that they amount to everything 
 required. Each maintains an office with a force of represen- 
 tatives in this city, and by such and other means they have 
 become quite thoroughly localized. Prominent among these 
 is the one named above, the Illinois Central, a cut of whose 
 magnificent Chicago building appears in connection herewith. 
 The Central is one of the oldest, staunchest and best known 
 of all the lines with which Utah has business relations, and it 
 continues as it has all along done, adding to its equipment as 
 occasion requires, improving its service, and in all respects 
 conforming to the changing conditions wrought by the en- 
 hanced population and extended development of the country. 
 It has the enormous trackage of 5500 miles, reaching to South 
 Dakota, Minnesota, Nebraska, Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Wis- 
 consin, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi and Louisiana, be- 
 sides, as its name implies, making the complete circuit of its 
 own State, Illinois. Its Salt Lake office is at 75 west, Second 
 South street, and is presided over in a very effective and aff- 
 able way by Mr. J. A. Foley. 
 
 The general officers of the company otherwise are as 
 follows: 
 
 Stuyvesant Fish, President New York 
 
 John C. Welling, Vice- President Chicago 
 
 J. T. Harahan, Vice-President Chicago 
 
 A. G. Hackstaff, Vice-President and Secretary New York 
 
 I. G Rawn, Assistant to the Second Vice-President, Chicago, 111. 
 
 W. G. Bruen, Assistant Secretary Chicago 
 
 C. H. Wenman, Assistant Secretary New York 
 
 J. M. Dickingson, General Counsel, Chicago, 111. 
 
 T. J. Hudson, Traffic Manager, Chicago, 111. 
 
 F. B. Bowes, Assistant Traffic Manager, Chicago, 111. 
 
 A. H. Hanson, General Passenger Agent, Chicago, 111. 
 
 W. E. Keepers, Gen. Fht Agt. No. & West. Lines... Chicago, 111. 
 
 H. G. Powell, Traveling Freight and Passenger Agent Salt Lake City 
 
 G. M. Fraser, Chief Clerk Salt Lake City 
 
 The general commercial agent of the company, Mr. J. 
 A. Foley, is one of the youngest men in the service and there 
 
230 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 are few if any younger in any service who hold such re- 
 sponsible stations. He was 
 born in Ottawa, Illinois, on 
 the 8th of January, 1877. He 
 went to the common schools 
 of his neighborhood up to 
 the age of fifteen years, then 
 went to the high school for 
 two years, after which he 
 went to work for the Rock 
 Island road, with which he 
 remained two years. He then 
 entered the service of the 
 Northwestern in Chicago, 
 where he stayed one year, 
 and then engaged with the 
 
 Central with which he has 
 j. A. FOUJY. .' 
 
 been ever since. Coming 
 
 to Salt Lake City on September i, 1902, he took charge of 
 the office here as general agent. He is a fair example of 
 what can be done by the American youth by attention to 
 business along with sterling merit and persistent endeavor; 
 his beginning in the railway service was as stenographer, type- 
 writer and telegraph operator. He is a good citizen and 
 works for a good company. 
 
 The business transactions of the Illinois Central in Utah 
 and the surrounding territory amount to a stupendous figure 
 every year and, like everything else, they are growing and 
 expanding at a wonderful rate. The story of these great en- 
 terprises is a part and parcel of the story of Utah and as such 
 is entitled to the fullest possible mention. 
 
 SALT LAKE AND LOS ANGELES. 
 
 THIS road has so far not made any practical headway in 
 the direction of Los Angeles, having in fact got no further 
 
THE RAILROAD. 231 
 
 than Saltair, some thirteen miles straight west from Salt 
 Lake City, but this is an elegant stopping place for the 
 time being, as many thousands of people here and elsewhere 
 will cheerfully testify. The road was begun on September 
 25, 1891, and finished in the fall of 1892. After covering the 
 mainland the train runs over a track constructed on piles a 
 distance of 4000 feet into the lake, where the pavilion is reached, 
 the various buildings of which form a symmetrical group, with 
 a large central structure connected with long tapering piers 
 at each end, curving toward the lake and surmounted by large, 
 airy observatories. The architecture is after the Moorish 
 style and the general effect is quite attractive. The pavilion 
 was built at a cost of over $350,000 and was opened to the 
 public July Fourth, 1893. 
 
 The magnitude of this great structure can be appreciated 
 only when one has seen it. In length it is 1200 feet, while 
 the extreme width is 355 feet. The top of the main tower is 
 130 feet above the surface of the water. The lower floor is 
 used principally for an immense lunch and refreshment bowery, 
 it being provided with large tables and seats enough to ac- 
 commodate over a thousand people at one time. The upper 
 floor of the main building is used for dancing, and is one of 
 the largest dancing floors in the world, its dimensions being 
 140x250 feet of clear floor without a pillar or obstruction of 
 any kind. A thousand couples dancing at one time is a fre- 
 quent sight to be witnessed at this resort. The dancing floor 
 is covered with a dome-shaped roof constructed after the plan 
 of that covering the Salt Lake Tabernacle. On the semi- 
 circular piers which flank the central pavilion are 720 bath 
 rooms, every one of which is provided with a first class toilet 
 and shower bath. The bathing appointments are excellent. 
 
 At night the pavilion is brilliantly illuminated by means 
 of its own electric light plant, there being 1250 incandescent 
 and 40 ordinary arc lights, with one arc light of 2000 candle 
 power surmounting the main tower. This immense structure 
 is supported by 2500 piles, each ten inches in square cross 
 
232 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 section, which are driven fourteen feet into the lake bottom 
 and owing to the peculiar nature of the formation the piles 
 are of unusual stability. It was begun on February i, 1893, 
 and completed on the soth of June following. The Saltair 
 officers are Joseph F. Smith, president; John Henry Smith, 
 vice-president; William McMillan, secretary and treasurer; 
 J. E. Langford, general manager. The officers of the rail- 
 way are the same excepting as to the vice-presidency, this 
 being held by James Jack. 
 
 THE NARROW GAUGES. 
 
 UTAH has had its full quota of narrow gauge roads, all of 
 which have now passed into history, having been either broad- 
 ened into standard gauge or abandoned altogether. Of the 
 former the most consequential was of course the D. & R. G.; 
 next was the Utah and Northern. This company was organ- 
 ized on August 23, 1871, with John W. Young, president and 
 Wm. B. Preston, vice-president. It was constructed under 
 great difficulties and made slow advancement. Finally it was 
 absorbed by Jay Gould and made part of the O. S. L. system. 
 The next narrow road was the Utah and Nevada, which was 
 begun in April, 1873. and pushed along without much imped- 
 iment until it reached a great ridge between Tooele and 
 Stockton, and there the terminus was established and remained 
 until superseded by the Leamington cut-off, or western side 
 of the O. S. L. loop, early in July, 1903. Other roads of like 
 gauge were the Sanpete Valley, which has been a standard 
 gauge for several years; the American Fork Canyon, the 
 Wasatch and Jordan Valley (operating between Sandy and 
 Little Cottonwood Canyon), and the Bingham Canyon roads. 
 The first two were long since discontinued, and the latter for 
 several years has been a broad gauge and part of the Rio 
 Grande system. There was also another Utah Central oper- 
 ating between Salt Lake City and Park City, which took up 
 
THE RAILROAD. 
 
 233 
 
 the name when the pioneer road became part of the Short 
 Line, and which was also in the narrow gauge class until pur- 
 chased by the Rio Grande a few years ago, when it was im- 
 mediately widened out and otherwise improved. 
 
 SAI/TAIR BEACH PAVILION. 
 
 SAN PEDRO, LOS ANGELES AND SALT LAKE. 
 
 THIS great enterprise, being the latest organization of the 
 kind having practical operation in Utah, has previously been 
 referred to herein. So recent, in fact, has been its culmina- 
 tion that it required some little adroitness as well as recasting 
 of work to make this sketch in this place possible. The 
 trouble and loss, however, are well compensated for in the 
 fact that the enterprise is a grand one and means a great 
 stride forward for the subject in chief to which this volume is 
 devoted Utah. As stated, the road south and west of Salt 
 Lake is what was formerly the Oregon Short Line, this being 
 the successor of one of the pioneer roads, the Utah Southern, 
 the change of ownership from the Short Line to the San 
 Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad (known as the 
 
 1Q 
 
234 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Salt Lake Route) taking place at midnight on July 7, 1903, 
 when the trackage with its equipment and franchises was 
 taken over by Senator W. A.. Clark of Montana, the man to 
 whom all eyes had been turned for a long time previously. 
 
 The two routes from Salt Lake to Lynn Junction, Millard 
 County, nearly describe a cypher. From Salt Lake south 
 to Juab and from Salt Lake westerly to the west side of the 
 Oquirrh range the Salt Lake route proceeds; at Juab the trend 
 takes a short, sharp curve to the west, that from the range 
 switching from west to south, and thus the two tracks pro- 
 ceed until they unite at Lynn Junction, five miles south of 
 Leamington station, from which point on the track is single 
 and at this time has no deflection excepting a sixteen mile 
 spur to Frisco and numerous switches of more or less conse- 
 quence. 
 
 The road is all new, the work of but a few years past, 
 from Milford, the junction of the spur to Frisco, on to 
 Calientes, Nevada. This station is but a few miles within 
 the Nevada line and for the present is the nearest point to 
 Pioche, that once and doubtless again to be great mining 
 town, which is distant some thirty miles to the north. The 
 survey from Calientes on for some two hundred miles is 
 across a stretch of desert country well sprinkled with oases 
 and follows for the most part the old Mormon road to San 
 Bernardino, over which most of the traffic California ward in 
 the early days was carried on. and the road will be contigu- 
 ous to if it does not actually reach miny of the mining dis- 
 tricts already established as well as the numerous ones yet to 
 be organized and still others not yet discovered. The whole 
 of this stretch is historic, but the history of much of it has 
 never been written, while portions might as well not have 
 been, relating as it does to periods away back in the mists 
 of antiquity and having been recorded in fanciful hieroglyph- 
 ics on the adamantine breasts of ridges and cliffs, these being 
 quite numerous in places along the road. The inevitable 
 Mormon, with his gregarious instincts, unflagging industry 
 
THE RAILROAD. 235 
 
 and unfailing hospitality, is very much in evidence, holding 
 the fort against surrounding sterility and maintaining the 
 foundations of what will doubtless some day prove to be 
 populous towns along the line of and good feeders for the 
 San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railway. 
 
 Goodsprings, one hundred and sixty-one miles from 
 Calientes, will probably have been reached by the time this 
 book appears. It is the first point on the line where much 
 mining has been done, and where it is evident much more 
 will be done as soon as the railroad is ready for business. 
 Not many miles from Goodsprings is the famous old Potosi 
 mine, in the past a phenomenally rich lead property, where 
 the Mormons got their supply of lead to make bullets of, and 
 before them the Indians kept themselves stocked from it. 
 The Keystone, a gold property, employing several men, is 
 within a few miles across the range. This mine has a mill 
 and a cynanide plant a few miles further down the valley, and 
 has been taking out about $1000 a day. 
 
 The late Allen G. Campbell, one of the best known of 
 Salt Lake's mining men, left among his assets some thirty- 
 eight patented claims in the district, and he regarded them as 
 very valuable. An extended mention might be made of such 
 features, but it is unnecessary. 
 
 At the other end there is also considerable activity, the 
 road reaching out to the Nevada line with a steadiness in- 
 dicating an early closing of the gap between the present 
 terminii, an event which no longer means a matter of years 
 but of months, and not very many of them at that. The Los 
 Angeles division is now being operated for a distance of about 
 one hundred miles from San Pedro, the Pacific coast terminus, 
 and it is in all respects an excellent piece of work, the rails 
 being seventy-five pound steel with patent continuous joints, 
 while its equipment is Pullman built and fully equal if not 
 superior to any in the country. The cars are superb in all 
 their appointments, having large plate glass windows nearly 
 five feet wide, the largest ever placed in a car, thus afford- 
 
236 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 ing an unobstructed view of the beautiful scenery on the line of 
 this new route. No charge is made for seats in these 
 cars. 
 
 The distance from Salt Lake to Los Angeles by the 
 road will be about seven hundred and twenty-two miles. 
 Speaking of the traffic which will be opened up between 
 those two great points, a writer in one of the papers observes 
 that the importance of this new road is not half understood 
 by the residents of Salt Lake. It means taking the train in 
 the evening and arriving in Los Angeles the following even- 
 ing, or twenty-four hours from the time of starting, and with 
 the completion of the Moffat road from Denver to Salt Lake, 
 only about four days from the Atlantic to the Pacific seaboard. 
 Will it be detrimental to the other railroads? It is not 
 thought so by those who have given the subject much study. 
 There will be an increase of business and many of those 
 traveling over this route going west will return east over 
 some other system. 
 
 The writer becomes enthusiastic, declaring that the im- 
 portance of the new road to Salt Lake is not even yet dream- 
 ed of and may not be realized until it is in actual operation, 
 when its people will wake up some day and find that they 
 have here a metropolis second to none west of the Missouri 
 river, with a climate and other natural advantages superior to 
 them all, and then they will wonder why they didn't see it be- 
 fore and profit by it. 
 
 THE BURLINGTON. 
 
 THIS great system is another of those whose Utah traffic 
 is through connections, these being so systematic in detail 
 and perfect in execution, that no lapses ever occur. 
 
THE RAILROAD. 
 
 237 
 
 The system has its terminus at Chicago, and from that 
 city extends northwest to St. Paul, Minn., southerly to St. 
 Louis, Mo., westerly to Billings. Mont, Guernsey and Chey- 
 enne, Wyoming, and to Denver, Colo., from the latter point 
 reaching Salt Lake City over the lines of the Denver & Rio 
 Grande and Rio Grande Western railways. 
 
 This system holds the world's record for long distance 
 fast running, having on February 17, 1897, run a special train 
 from Chicago to Denver, 
 1025 miles, in 1047 min- 
 utes, an unparalleled feat in 
 the history of railroads. Its 
 lines traverse elven States of 
 the Union and it controls 
 and operates 8432 miles of 
 road. It employs 38,000 
 men and has 1300 cities and 
 towns with an aggregate 
 population of 7,200,000 souls 
 located on its lines; it owns 
 1275 engines, 750 passen- 
 ger coaches and 44,555 
 freight cars. 
 
 The Salt Lake City office 
 of the company is located 
 at No. 79 West Second South 
 street and represented by RICHARD F. NHSMW. 
 
 Mr. Richard F. Neslen, a Utah boy who has worked his way 
 up from the bottom by faithful application and strict attention to 
 business. He was born in Salt Lake City in June, 1869. 
 Began railway work in 1885 as messenger boy with the Den- 
 ver & Rio Grande, where he remained until August, 1888, 
 then accepted a position with the Burlington as clerk. He 
 was advanced from one post to another until finally, in May, 
 1900, he was appointed to his present position, that of Gen- 
 
238 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 eral Agent. He is a thoroughly efficient and popular offi- 
 cial. 
 
 SALT LAKE AND MERCUR. 
 
 THIS is one of the roads illustrating the difficulties and 
 peculiarities of railway building in the mountainous districts 
 of the West. The roadbed is almost twice as long as the air- 
 line distance between the terminal points, these being Fair- 
 field in Utah County and Mercur, the Johannesburg of Utah, 
 in Tooele County, the distance first mentioned being fourteen, 
 the other nine miles. Necessarily the track is as crooked as 
 a corkscrew and the general view spectacular to a degree. 
 
 The road owes its beginning and finish to Joseph G. 
 Jacobs, one of Utah's go-ahead and do-something citizens, al- 
 though a native of Ohio. He reached Utah in 1890, where 
 he has been putting in good time ever since. The line which 
 connects Mercur with the world was commenced Sept. i, 
 1894, and finished Feb. 20, 1895. It is one of the best paying 
 roads in the country, all things considered, and one of the 
 most altitudinous, its climb from the valley to the heights 
 .being 1986 feet. 
 
 SALT LAKE AND OGDEN. 
 
 THIS railroad company was incorporated on March i7th 
 1896 and construction as far as Farmington was pushed along 
 without unnecessary hitching. At this point is Lagoon, the 
 noted summer resort, one of the handsomest, most commod- 
 ious and best patronized places in the entire West if not in the 
 whole country. A fine picture accompanies this sketch, and 
 while at does not do the subject justice it comes as near it as 
 such a thing can be done on paper. It is fifteen and a half 
 
THE RAILROAD. 
 
 239 
 
 miles from Salt Lake City and during the warm weather 
 open-car trains are run almost continuously, so that going and 
 coming are matters of easy convenience. John S. Critchlow 
 is President and Manager. 
 
 As this is written the track is reaching out toward its 
 
 LAGOON RESORT. 
 
 northern terminus, Ogden, three and a half miles of track, 
 taking it to Kaysville, being under construction. 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY RAILWAY CO. 
 
 BEFORE closing this chapter it is proper to pay some at- 
 tention to the street railway systems, which so far are included 
 in but two cities, Salt Lake and Ogden. Both have previous- 
 ly been referred to briefly and are entitled to elaborate mention. 
 
240 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 That of Salt Lake City is unquestionably one of the most 
 comprehensive and extensive of that of any city of similar 
 proportions in the world. It has eighty miles of trackage, 
 covering all the principal streets and thoroughly gridironing 
 the central portions of the city, reaching all points of interest 
 historical and otherwise. During the pleasant season com- 
 prising the greater portion of the year, special observation 
 cars, which are commodious and well appointed, attended by 
 experienced guides and lecturers, ply throughout the city tak- 
 ing in all places that tourists and others have any desire to 
 see, and embracing points of view ot the surrounding country 
 that are equal to any to be had anywhere. Cars run from 
 the earliest dawn till the latest hour at which people are mov- 
 ing, meaning nearly all the time, and the service during the 
 busier parts of the day is rapid and continuous. 
 
 The Consolidated Railway and Power Co. is the union 
 of four companies which was effected in October, 1901. 
 Notwithstanding this, the fares have not been raised, and for 
 five cents one can travel further and more pleasurably than 
 anywhere else in the country. The officers are C. L. Read. 
 President; W. P. Read, Vice-President and General Mgr; 
 Joseph S. Wells, Secy, and Treasurer; A, W. McCune, 
 Director; C. V. McCune, Director. 
 
SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLING. 
 
 RISE, PROGRESS AND PRESENT PROPORTIONS 
 OF OUR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM. 
 
 FROM the little log schoolhouse of one poorly furnished 
 room to the educational advantages prevailing in Utah to- 
 day is a giant stride ;from conditions as primitive as any that ever 
 imparted th^ rudiments of learning to the youthful mind to a 
 scholastic system equal to any and superior to many in this 
 land of education is a transformation so great that only those 
 who have witnessed the various stages of development can at 
 all appreciate it, and not all of these perfectly. Fro ma state 
 of poverty so pronounced that nothing could be drawn from 
 the public funds for school maintenance to so opulent a con- 
 dition that but one State in the Union (Nevada) spends more 
 per capita, and it but a few cents more, is a story at once grati- 
 fying, instructive and impressive. The amount spent on each 
 pupil is of course much more; in 1902 the expenditure per 
 capita of the population was $5.20 and of the pupils $19.10, 
 the total attendance being 76,446 and the payments $1,459,- 
 466.06. 
 
 The accompanying cut illustrates primitive and present 
 conditions at a glance, showing the little log schoolhouse of 
 early days and the splendid, capacious and modern establish- 
 ment now in vogue. It tells a story of its own. 
 
 As in every other department, but a fev. of the institu- 
 tions of learning can be given elaborate mention, and these 
 leading ones illustrative of the whole. Most of the others, 
 
SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLING. 243 
 
 however, as the University of Utah and Agricultural College, 
 receive considerable mention of a desultory character in other 
 chapters. 
 
 THE BRIGHAM YOUNG ACADEMY. 
 
 BRIGHAM YOUNG never left a nobler monument to his 
 memory than when he founded the Academy at Provo. But 
 it is doubtful whether this event in his life would be so con- 
 spicuous today, were it not that he choee Dr. Karl G. Maeser 
 to fashion the school and give it the impress of his peculiar 
 educational genius. To these two men, Brigham Young the 
 founder and Karl G. Maeser the builder, the people of the 
 West owe a debt of gratitude which grows in geometrical 
 ratio as the years advance and the institution unfolds its use- 
 fulness according to their wise planning. 
 
 Dr. Maeser was born on the i6th of January, 1828, in 
 Meissen, Germany, and graduated from the Dresden Nor- 
 mal College in May, 1848. He reached Salt Lake City in 
 the fall of 1860. 
 
 His first school was in the i5th ward. "I began teach- 
 ing," he wrote to a friend, "under conditions so primitive that 
 teachers of today can have no conception of them." The 
 salaries of teachers nowadays are generally drawn on a bank; 
 then they were drawn for the most part on a wheelbarrow. 
 
 In the latter part of this epoch, he created and conduct- 
 ed the first Normal department of the University of Utah. 
 The crowning work of his life began when he was appointed 
 principal of the Brigham Young Academy. The institution 
 was founded October 16, 1876. It began its labors in what 
 was known as the Lewis Hall, at the corner of Center and 
 Third West streets. The first floor, consisting of five rooms, 
 had been built for commercial purposes, the second to serve 
 as an opera house and with some changes served for nine 
 
SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLING. 245 
 
 years. Six months later, on the night of January 24, 1884, 
 the entire structure was destroyed by fire. 
 
 It had been President Young's intention to endow the 
 school liberally for its future work, and the papers necessary 
 to this end had been drawn up ready for his signature. Death, 
 however, cut short his good intentions; so that, aside from a 
 little real estate in Provo, the school had no other resources 
 than its own good name, after the fire. It was literally with- 
 out a home and without the means to rent, buy or build; for 
 no insurance had been carried on the building just reduced to 
 ashes. On that memorable morning four hundred students, 
 many with booksacks in hand, collected only to gaze on the 
 blackened ruins. Should they go home? What could be done 
 for a homeless school in the dead of winter? The sequel 
 proves what may be accomplished by a wide-awake board. 
 Temporary quarters were obtained, where the school remain- 
 ed for six years. 
 
 But a new building, begun on a slender hope, was near- 
 ing completion. That the work did not stop when this hope 
 failed, must ever stand to the honor of the board, the mem- 
 bers of which pledged their private property that the institu- 
 tion might have quarters adequate to its needs; and on Mon- 
 day, January 3, 1892, the faculty and students took a solemn 
 farewell of the old quarters near the depot and marched to 
 their new temple of learning, where the Presidency of the 
 Church, the Governor and other prominent visitors from all 
 parts of the Territory had assembled to take part in the dedi- 
 cation services. 
 
 Dr. Maeser came to Provo in obedience to a call from 
 President Brigham Young. He had no other idea to guide 
 him in creating the institution than the general notion that the 
 whole man is to be educated; the social, moral and spiritual, 
 as well as the intellectual. He opened the school with twenty- 
 nine students and himself as the sole teacher. Dr. M. H. 
 Hardy was his first assistant. Gradually the school grew so 
 as to include the instruction now covered by the eight grad 
 
246 
 
 U1AH AS IT IS. 
 
 and portions of the high school, including theory and practice 
 of teaching; but the growth of secondary and higher instruc- 
 tion was slow, principally because the general poverty of the 
 people made proper preparatory schools elsewhere impos- 
 sible. 
 
 Financially, the Academy may be said to have sprung up 
 out of the native soil. Think of an institution of secondary 
 
 training supporting its teach- 
 ers and paying for furniture, 
 supplies and other current 
 expenses out of tuition; and 
 this, too, at a time when the 
 desire for higher education 
 had largely to be created! 
 Yet under just such ordeals 
 of self-sacrifice did Dr. Mae- 
 ser and his co-laborers bring 
 the institution forward and 
 upward for fifteen years. 
 
 The first factor in rem- 
 edying a number of evils 
 was of course the erection 
 of the new building, which 
 provided adequate class- 
 room and other accommo- 
 dations; the second was the 
 financial support rendered by 
 the Church, whereby the 
 teaching force was augmented and the Normal courses were 
 made free; and the third was the establishment of tour year 
 courses since increased to seven year leading to a degree. 
 Space will not permit extended mention of many other note- 
 worthy features of the new epoch, inaugurated by Dr. 
 Maeser's able successor, President Benjamin Cluff, ]r., who 
 took charge of the institution in 1892. The commercial 
 courses were segregated and in due time developed into a fully 
 
 BENJAMIN CI<UFF, JR. 
 
SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLING. 247 
 
 equipped commercial college. With the offering of degrees 
 came class organizations and the development of class patriot- 
 ism. The same circumstance led to the inaugural of the 
 Alumni association, which promises to become a strong 
 educational support. 
 
 The progressive growth of the school may be partly 
 estimated by the following statistics of enrollment: In the 
 preliminary term, April-June, 1876, there were in all 59 stu- 
 dents; in 1876-7, 272 students; in 1881-2, 464 students; in 
 1886-7, 333 students; in 1889-90, 484 students; in 1892-3, 
 1219 students; in 1895-6, 951 students; in 1897-8, 914 stud- 
 ents; in 1898-9, 971 students; in 1899-1900, 1075 students; 
 and in 1901-2, 147.5 students. The attendance during the 
 year 1902-1903, was 1622, including the Beaver Branch, in 
 which number were students from almost every State and 
 Territory in the West. 
 
 Naturally the teaching force has been augmented in a 
 like ratio, these, for the most part, representing men and 
 women who, after graduating from the normal courses offered 
 by the Academy, have taken post-graduate courses in east- 
 ern and western universities. Thoroughly imbued as they 
 were with the spirit of the Academy while students, they 
 work together now in complete harmony as a faculty; and 
 the new ideas they gained from study in other institutions, 
 help to invigorate and differentiate their methods to the 
 great advantage ot the school. It is, moreover, the 
 policy of the institution to keep a certain number of its 
 teachers constantly abroad as students, to the end that it may 
 keep in touch with the foremost educational thought of the 
 age. 
 
 Following are the faculty: Benjamin Cluff, Jr., Nels L. 
 Nelson, Jos. B. Keeler, George H. Brimhall, O. W. Andelin, 
 Christina D. Young, Alice Reynolds, Edwin S. Hinckley, 
 Edward H. Holt, Ernest D. Partridge, Aretta Young, James 
 L. Brown, Anthon C. Lund, Thomas S. Court, John C. 
 Swenson, Josiah E. Hickman, Frederick G. Warnick, George 
 
248 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 M. Cope, Ida S. Dusenberry, Emma S. Simons, Albert Mil- 
 ler, Edwin H. Smart, Claire W. Reid, Orin W. Jarvis, Joseph 
 Adams, Thomas W. Smith, Sarah E. Preston, Walter Cluff, 
 Ella Larson, Susa A. Talmage, Lydia Schramm, Zella Bal- 
 lard, Effie Howe, Louissa W. Jones, Warren A. Colton, Earl 
 J. Glade, Lucile Young, Charles E. Maw, May Ward, 
 Edward H. Eastmond, Orson G. Campbell, John E. Hayes, 
 Wm. H. Boyle, Jennie Stewart, John Foote, Alfred Osmond, 
 Judge John E. Booth. 
 
 The Missionary School is a department added three years 
 ago. Its special purpose is to fit young men and women to 
 preach the Gospel intelligently and effectively. The enroll- 
 ment is about one hundred and fifty students each year, most 
 of whom leave the schoolroom for the missionary field. 
 
 The College, or department devoted to university work, 
 is as yet in its infancy, but growing rapidly. The degree of 
 bachelor of pedagogy was conferred for the first time in 1893, 
 since which time the degrees of bachelor of science and bach- 
 elor of letters have been added, but the graduates have not 
 been numerous. There is, however, an excellent field for 
 one great Church university, and should the Academy be 
 chosen for this place, as its unexampled facilities would seem 
 to point out that it should be^ it will not take long for the 
 superstructure of the school to be fully worthy of its founda- 
 tions. In conclusion it may be said that the mission of the 
 Academy is pre-eminently an ethical one. There are schools 
 without number which devote themselves to intellectual devel- 
 opment and technical training in the arts of civilization. The 
 Academy by no means neglects these aspects; but its first and 
 foremost purpose is to develop in its students those moral 
 qualities which collectively may be called CHARACTER qual- 
 ities that make up the back-bone of a virile, manhood and 
 womanhood. Its definition of a true education is not merely 
 scholarship which, too often, is an artificial, unrelated thing 
 but ability to do the things that need to be done in this 
 world, accompanied by an unflinching integrity in the doing 
 
SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLING. 249 
 
 of them. In the pursuit of this end it has found that the only 
 safe and enduring foundation is religion the establishment of 
 a living spiritual relationship between the man and his Father 
 in heaven one that shall be a daily and hourly monitor to 
 guide and restrain his every thought and act* This funda- 
 mental principal of instruction may be called the ruling ge- 
 nius of the school a legacy from Dr. Karl G. Maeser, to 
 which it has ever been true and one on which its future 
 greatness depends. 
 
 LATTER-DAY SAINTS UNIVERSITY. 
 
 THIS institution at present (1903) occupies six buildings, 
 namely, the Business College, erected 1901; Barratt Hall, 
 1902; the Brigham Young Memorial, 1903. These are the 
 buildings shown in the illustrations. Three other buildings 
 -the Social Hall and Lion House, of historic note, and the 
 Gymnasium at the rear of Barratt Hall, are used respectively 
 for chemical laboratory, industrial and domestic arts, and ath- 
 letic training. 
 
 The new buildings are situated from 60 to 100 North 
 Main Street, facing the Temple; and it is the intention to 
 erect two other buildings to complete the plans for the home 
 of the school. 
 
 The institution, formerly known as the Latter-day Saints 
 College, was organized in November, i88ft, under the name 
 of the Salt Lake Academy, with Angus M. Cannon, W. B. 
 Dougall, A. E. Hyde, Spencer Clawson, Francis Cope, Rod- 
 ney C. Badger, Wm. H. Rowe and Wm. A. Rossiter as 
 trustees, and Prof. Willard Done as principal. On July 3rd, 
 1888, the board of education of the Salt Lake Stake was or- 
 ganized, and placed in control of the institution, which was 
 then named the Salt Lake Stake Academy. Prof. James E. 
 Talmage was chosen principal. On May 15, 1889, the name 
 of the institution was changed to the Latter-day Saints' Col- 
 ir 
 
250 
 
 VI AH AS IT IS. 
 
 lege and the standard of instruction raised, no student below 
 the ninth grade being admitted thereafter. In January, 1892, 
 Prof. Willard Done succeeded Prof. Talmage as principal. 
 On October 12, 1895, the trustees changed the title of prin- 
 cipal to that <of president of the faculty, a college course of 
 four years, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy 
 
 BUSINESS COIJ,EGE AND B. Y. MEMORIAL. 
 
 (Ph. B.) was established, and the grade and character of the 
 work were further improved. The College became involved 
 in debt, and in the spring of 1899 most of the teachers en- 
 gaged elsewhere. President Done resigned, and in July fol- 
 lowing, Prof. J. H. Paul was elected president. The faculty 
 was immediately re-organized and the College was again 
 opened in September, 1899, a ^ departments being located in 
 the Templeton building. That school year was the most 
 favorable in the history of the institution. Notwithstanding 
 the lateness of the re-organization, the patrons of the College 
 rallied to its support, and the registration of students reached 
 
SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLING. 251 
 
 a total of five hundred. The quarters in the Templeton be- 
 came too small, and President Snow advised that these quar- 
 ters be abandoned. Nothing could be done, therefore, but 
 quit the Templeton and await the erection of the new build- 
 ing. The .business department was conducted meanwhile in 
 the Social Hall, and all other departments opened in the Lion 
 House, September 20 of that year. 
 
 The year was a prosperous one, notwithstanding the un- 
 favorable conditions. The registration of students reached a 
 total of five hundred and sixty-six, the courses of study were 
 strengthened and the students more strictly classified. The 
 next year, however, was more favorable than any of the for- 
 mer years. The enlarged faculty of instruction and the more 
 ample accommodations resulted in the enrollment of more 
 than a thousand students; while last year witnessed an enroll- 
 ment of twelve hundred and thirty-one students, mostly of 
 high school grade, and ranging in age from fifteen to forty 
 years. 
 
 The University is organized under the laws of the State 
 of Utah, by articles of incorporation that define its powers, 
 prescribe its duties, and indicate specifically its sphere of 
 operations. 
 
 Article IV declares that ''the nature and objects of this 
 association shall be to found a university, with colleges, acad- 
 emies, schools, institutes, museums, galleries of art, libraries, 
 laboratories, gymnasiums, and all proper accessories, where 
 instruction of the highest grade possible to its resources 
 shall be given to both sexes in science, literature, art, mech- 
 anical pursuits, and in the principles of the Gospel as taught 
 by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The 
 chief aim and object of the institution shall be to make of 
 its students and graduates worthy citizens and true followers 
 of Jesus Christ, by fitting them for some useful pursuit, by 
 strengthening in their minds a pure attachment to the Con- 
 stitution of the United States and to our republican institu- 
 tions, by teaching them the lessons of purity, morality and 
 
252 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 upright conduct, and by giving them, as far as possible, an un- 
 derstanding of the plan of salvation revealed by our Lord 
 and Savior Jesus Christ. Nothing that is contrary to the 
 laws of the land shall ever be taught in said institution." 
 
 The Latter-day Saints' University is the creation of the 
 people whose name it bears. It is recognized and sustained 
 
 BARRATT HAW,- 
 
 by them as a worthy exponent of their educational ideals and 
 as an efficient promoter of the welfare of their youth. The 
 change in name somewhat enlarges the functions and adds to 
 the influence of the institution without interfering with its 
 work or arresting its development. It will continue to offer 
 well arranged High School, Normal and Business courses of 
 study, with only such higher or university work at present as 
 its resources will justify. There were added last year a Kin- 
 dergarten school, a Normal Kindergarten course, and a 
 course for lady students in domestic science and art, and this 
 
SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLING. 
 
 253 
 
 year a course in mechanic arts and civil engineering will be 
 given. 
 
 The mission of the institution is solely one of peace and 
 good will. Its general aim has been the same under each of 
 its several names, and consists simply in the intellectual, 
 moral, and practical education of the youth of this commun- 
 ity, in those lines, especially, which are not full}' provided for 
 in the State system of education. As its motto, "The Lord 
 is my light," may indicate, moral and religious instruction oc- 
 cupy a prominent place in its 
 courses of study. The work 
 offered is open to all persons 
 of good moral character that 
 are qualified to pursue any of 
 the studies given. It is the in- 
 tention to provide the best of 
 instruction in such lines of 
 work as are undertaken by this 
 University. 
 
 The growth of the institu- 
 tion during the past four years 
 from a small but meritorious 
 college without assets, and with 
 
 a limited curriculum and attendance, to its present status as an 
 incorporated university, with a large patronage and a teach- 
 ing force numbering over forty professors and instructors, is 
 one of the most remarkable developments in the recent edu- 
 cational affairs of the State. 
 
 Following are the names of the board of trustees of the 
 Latter-day Saints' University: Anthon H. Lund, President; 
 Angus M. Cannon, Vice-President; John Nicholson, George 
 H. Taylor, John C. Cutler, Treasurer; Joseph S. Wells, Sec- 
 retary; Joseph E.Taylor. 
 
 Prof. J. H. Paul has been the president for the last four 
 years, with Profs. John M. Mills, Henry Peterson and Ben- 
 jamin Goddard as principals respectively of the High School, 
 Normal and Commercial departments. 
 
 PROF. J. H. PAUI,. 
 
SOCIETIES AND CLUBS. 
 
 FRATERNAL, INDUSTRIAL AND OTHER 
 ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 UTAH is not behind any other part of the civilized world 
 in the matter of secret, trade and professional organi- 
 zations, the whole list, especially as to the former, being well 
 represented in our midst. As in other departments where 
 there is so much material to draw upon, only a portion can 
 be made available, this being representative of the different 
 classes and fairly comprehensive as to the whole. All are 
 well up in the matter of respectable membership and more 
 than a few are large property owners, in both of which 
 respects a general advance is noticeable in most if not all. 
 
 STATE 'BAR ASSOCIATION. 
 
 AN AGGREGATION of judges and lawyers, each of whose 
 names is a guarantee of the respectability and influence of 
 the whole, is the State Bar Association of Utah the former 
 honorary members, the latter active practitioners well and 
 favorably known throughout the community and beyond it. 
 The association was organized on January n, 1894, pursuant 
 to a meeting of attorneys held two days previously, the object 
 being, as stated by the second article of the constitution, "the 
 elevation of the standard of professional learning and integ- 
 rity, to inspire the greatest degree of respect for the efforts 
 
SOCIETIES AND CLUBS. 
 
 255 
 
 and influence of the bar in the administration of justice, and 
 to cultivate fraternal relations among its members." 
 
 The first officers were: President, J. G. Sutherland; 
 Vice-President, (first judicial district) S. R. Thurman; Vice- 
 President, (second judicial district) M. M. Warner; Vice- 
 President, (third judicial district) C. W. Bennett; Vice-Presi- 
 
 GROUP OF JUDGES AND LAWYERS. 
 
256 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 dent, (fourth judicial district) James N. Kimball; Secretary, 
 Richard B. Shepherd; Treasurer, Elmer B. Jones. 
 
 The present officers (1903). are: President, Andrew 
 Howat; Vice- President, (first judicial district) Charles A. 
 Hart; Vice-President, (second judicial district) Henry H. 
 Rolapp; Vice-President, (third judicial district) Wm. A. Lee; 
 Vice-President, (fourth judicial district) John E. Booth; 
 Vice-President, (fifth judicial district) Thos. Marioneaux; 
 Vice-President, (sixth judicial district) J. F. Chidester; Vice- 
 President. (seventh judicial district) Jacob Johnson; Secretary, 
 J. Walcott Thompson; Treasurer, George L. Nye, 
 
 The officers are elected at the regular meetings of the 
 Association held annually at Salt Lake City on the second 
 Monday in January, in the Supreme Court room. It requires 
 a two-thirds affirmative vote of the members present to admit 
 an applicant for membership; the admission fee is $5 and the 
 annual dues $3. 
 
 UTAH PRESS ASSOCIATION. 
 
 THIS association as an organization dates its life from 
 January 20, 1894. Some weeks prior to this date a few repre- 
 sentative State newspaper men agitated the matter of effect- 
 ing an organization and a call was issued to meet at the 
 Knutsford on January 2Oth of that year, and in response to 
 this call, besides the local city press, many representative 
 citizens were present; fourteen State newspapers answered 
 roll call. 
 
 The proceedings were held at the Knutsford hotel par- 
 lors, and Governor West in a neat speech of welcome 
 greeted the members. An orchestra of music was in attend- 
 ance under Prof. Geo. Careless, and after the organization 
 was effected a banquet was given by the city papers, a bath 
 at the Sanitarium and seats at the Theatre tendered. At 
 this meeting the following officers were elected : President, 
 
SOCIETIES AND CLUBS. 
 
 257 
 
 E. A. Littlefield, of Ogden; ist Vice-President, E. G. Rog- 
 non, of Salt Lake City; 2nd Vice-President, Walter L. Webb, 
 of Lehi; Secretary, J. B. Rawlins. of Salt Lake City; Cor- 
 responding Secretary, M. F. Murray, of Ephraim; Treas- 
 urer, A. N. Rosenbaum, of Logan. 
 
 The object of the organization, as indicated by the con- 
 stitution, is for the unification of the business interests of the 
 State papers, the elevation of the tone and the general bet- 
 terment of the profession. The Association started out very 
 auspiciously and with a membership that was strictly profes- 
 sional in the character of its 
 make-up; but soon some per- 
 sons became members whose 
 motives were ulterior and with 
 a view of getting railway pass 
 concessions, accomplishing po- 
 litical ambitions and social no- 
 toriety and finally became so 
 uncharacteristic that many of 
 its charter members became 
 discouraged and let it go into 
 almost total dissolution. How- 
 ever, enough real newspaper 
 men stayed with it to hold its 
 annual meetings and maintain 
 at least the semblance of a 
 It is now on a good footing and is 
 
 D. p. KEI/T. 
 
 newspaper organization 
 flourishing. 
 
 Since its organization it has enjoyed many social func- 
 tions, either tendered it or promoted by it. In June-July, 
 1902, a trip covering 5250 miles along the entire Pacific 
 coast was planned and successfully carried out. The Asso- 
 ciation is today officered as follows : President, D. P. Felt, 
 of Salt Lake City; First Vice-President, E. A. Littlefield, 
 Ogden; Second Vice-President, William Buys, Heber City; 
 Third Vice-President, James Dunn, Tooele; Corresponding 
 
258 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Secretary, I. E. Diehl, of Robinson; Recording Secretary, 
 N. B. Dresser, of Park City; Treasurer, W. R. McBride, 
 of Prove; Historian, J. T. Jakeman, ot Mercur. 
 
 UTAH WOOL GROWERS' ASSOCIATION. 
 
 THE sheep growing industry is one of the most profit- 
 able in the State, and one of the most useful in a widespread 
 way, not only diffusing continual wealth but giving employ- 
 ment to an army of men. Most if not all its members are 
 well to do, but they literally began at the bottom, having been 
 as poor as beginners of enterprises in new communities 
 
 RAMS. 
 
 usually are. More sheep are owned in Utah than any other 
 State, excepting only Montana, to which it is a close second, 
 the number here being little if any short of 6,000,000. Of 
 course our people are large owners in the adjoining States, 
 and the proceeds altogether are estimated by Jesse M. Smith, 
 President of the Association, at $10,000,000 per annum. No 
 
SOCIETIES AND CLUBS. 
 
 259 
 
 one at all familiar with the details of the business here but 
 will say this estimate is quite conservative. Many of the 
 sheep owners are cattle owners also and several members of 
 the Association are likewise members of the National Live 
 Stock and other associations; so that, were they to stand still 
 continually (which none of them ever does at any time) their 
 resources would, like John Brown's body, keep marching 
 along. 
 
 JESSE M. SMITH, PRESIDENT. 
 
 In Mr. Smith we have not only a native of Utah but a 
 son of Salt Lake City, where he was born in 1858. He is 
 one of the several sons of the 
 late Judge Elias Smith, whose 
 portrait appears elsewhere in 
 this book and also was one of 
 the very best men that ever 
 lived or died in any com- 
 munity. Jesse M. has lived 
 an active, useful life, into 
 which a great deal that was 
 difficult and unwilling to give 
 up found its way. He en- 
 gaged in business for him- 
 self at a youthful age and 
 soon laid the foundation for 
 what has proved a success- 
 ful career. The subject of 
 irrigation claimed and re- 
 ceived a large share of his 
 attention. He helped build 
 most of the canals in Salt 
 Lake County and he was one of the promoters of the East 
 Canyon reservoir, by reason of v, hich large tracts of arid land 
 near Layton were brought under cultivation and have be- 
 
 JESSB M. SMITH. 
 
260 UTAH AS 11 IS. 
 
 come exceedingly productive and profitable. As a sub-con- 
 tractor he built a large part of the Denver and Rio Grande 
 railroad between Scofield and Springville, and as a bridge 
 and canal constructor he has made a fine record. 
 
 However, it is as a "sheepman" that Mr. Smith is most 
 widely known. He first embarked in this business in 1888, 
 beginning with a modest flock of 2300 leased animals, and 
 these were ranged on the desert plains west of Great Salt 
 Lake. He was successful from the start and was soon 
 able to engage in the business independently, which 
 grew and spread with gratifying rapidity. He is at 
 present President of the Wool Growers' Association of Utah, 
 and has held the position continuously since 1896. In this 
 capacity, and as a representative of that great industry, he 
 has ever kept a watchful eye upon it and no exertion or 
 expense has been spared that it was necessary and proper to 
 put forth, having among other things in that connection made 
 several trips to the national seat of Government. He was 
 one of the organizers of the National Live Stock Association 
 in 1898, and is Utah's member of the executive committee, 
 and recently was chosen President of the Pacific Northwest 
 Wool Growers' Association, which embraces the States of 
 Oregon, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, Wyoming and Utah. He 
 is also the President and representative of the Associated 
 Wool Growers' Company, which does business throughout 
 the entire country and is composed of sheep men exclusively. 
 
 Personally, Mr. Smith is one of the most upright of men, 
 his business instincts and energetic methods never carrying 
 him beyond the beaten paths of integrity and truth. His por- 
 trait tells the rest. 
 
 THE ALTA CLUB. 
 
 THIS aggregation of business and professional men has 
 a reputation throughout the country as a strictly high-class 
 
SOCIETIES AND CLUBS. 
 
 261 
 
 and thoroughgoing one. It was organized in 1883, and held 
 its first meetings in the Atlas block, Salt Lake City, a build- 
 ing somewhat noted in the community as having been twice 
 destroyed by fire yet still, like the phoenix, looking down 
 upon its ashes from a new and, in this instance, a much better 
 existence. In 1892 the club changed its quarters to the 
 Dooly building, at the corner of West Temple and Second 
 South streets, occupying the whole of the sixth floor. The 
 
 ALTA CLUB HOUSE, SAI/T LAKE CITY. 
 
 first officers were: President, W. S. McCornick; Secretary, 
 C. L. Haines; Treasurer, J< E. Dooly. The total member- 
 ship is 333. In the spring of 1897, the members having 
 decided to have a home of their own and having secured a 
 lot at the corner of South Temple and State streets, began 
 the work of construction, the work being pushed steadily along 
 and completed the following year. It is an elegant structure, 
 as its accompanying picture shows, and its appointments 
 correspond in all respects. 
 
 The present officers are: President, D. E. Burley; 
 
262 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Vice-President, A. L. Thomas; Secretary, Elias A. Smith; 
 Treasurer, C. S. Burton; Executive Committee, D. E. Bur- 
 ley, Elias A. Smith; Charles D. Quigley, house director; 
 J. Barnett, wine room director; A. Hanauer, restaurant 
 director. 
 
 THE ELKS. 
 
 Salt Lake Lodge No. 85, B. P. O. Elks, was instituted 
 June 13, 1894, under charter granted July 12, 1888. The 
 lodge did not flourish very well on account of the conditions 
 
 KICKS' CLUB HOUSE, SALT LAKE. 
 
SOCIETIES AND CLUBS. 
 
 263 
 
 locally, hard times figuring quite conspicuously. The forty 
 members dropped to twenty and for a long interval no meet- 
 ings were held. On April 5, 1899, twenty old members and 
 twenty-six new started with new life the present lodge which 
 soon began to flourish -"like a green bay tree" and has so 
 continued, the present membership being six hundred and 
 fifty. They now have a magnificent building of their own r 
 
 EI,KS' PARADE, SAI/T lyAKK, I9O2 
 
SOCIETIES AND CLUBS. 
 
 265 
 
 as shown by the accompanying cut. The corner stone was 
 laid in May, 1900, and the structure was completed on July 
 28, 1902. The cost of the building, furniture and grounds 
 was $75,000. 
 
 The officers of the organization are pictured herewith, 
 the name and office being under each portrait; also a fine 
 view of the great parade during the Elks' convention here in 
 1902 appears. This is a grand spectacle even on paper, but 
 in real life it was simply magnificent. The city was in gala 
 attire and for the time being was the liveliest place in the 
 country. 
 
 COMMERCIAL CLUB. 
 
 THIS organization, which was born and reared in Salt 
 
 Lake City, and has its home 
 here, presents the following 
 as its objects: 
 
 To bring into closer com- 
 mercial and social relations 
 all loyal and progressive 
 citizens. 
 
 To cultivate co-operation, 
 public spirit and mutual 
 help. 
 
 To take vigorous action 
 towards establishing new 
 industries and commercial 
 enterprises in our city. 
 
 To infuse new life and 
 energy into every branch of 
 trade and encourage the pat- 
 ronage of home institutions 
 and industries. 
 
 To provide a cosmopolitan 
 place of entertainment for strangers; a meeting place for all 
 
 FISHER S. HARRIS, SECRETARY. 
 
 18 
 
266 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 citizens interested in public work; convenient and comfortable 
 quarters for business men to assimilate with the commercial 
 world. 
 
 To correct business evils and remove impediments to 
 progress. 
 
 To aid and encourage that which is good in municipal, 
 State and National government and strike at that which works 
 to their detriment. 
 
 To advertise the advantages of the city and State; to 
 encourage immigration and the influx of capital; to stimulate 
 the development of latent resources; to build up and educate 
 a patriotic and loyal citizenship that will be the highest type 
 of progressive Americanism. 
 
 Following are the officers: William A. Nelden. Presi- 
 dent; John C. Cutler, Vice-President; John E. Dooly, Treas- 
 urer; Schuyler V. Shelp, Secretary; Fisher Harris, Assistant 
 Secretary and Manager. 
 
 SALT LAKE PRESS CLUB. 
 
 THIS is an organization composed of practical news- 
 paper workers of the metropolis. It was organized in 1901, 
 and at the present time has some forty members, each of 
 whom is something of a "pioneer in the land" in his way. 
 They are a lively lot and have received occasional recogni- 
 tion from the outside, among others the distinguished trage- 
 dian, Frederick Warde, having handed over the receipts of 
 lectures, this being by no means an insignificant matter. 
 They also indulge in an occasional function on their own 
 account and on the whole are able to keep the expense items 
 well in hand with enough in the treasury to promote that feel- 
 ing of security which such a condition alone can bring about. 
 
 The club rooms are situated at 245 South, West Temple 
 Street, and are convenient, commodious and well appointed. 
 The officers are as follows: A. G. MacKenzie, President ; J. 
 
SOCIETIES AND CLUBS. 267 
 
 T. Goodwin, First Vice-President; W. E. Vigus, Second Vice- 
 President; C. C. Wentzler, Secretary; George E. Carpen- 
 ter, Treasurer. 
 
 BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS. 
 
 WASATCH DIVISION 222, Brotherhood of Locomotive 
 Engineers, was organized Aug. 5, 1883, in the old Odd Fel- 
 lows hall in the George M. Scott building. It was organized 
 by Charles McCarn, secretary of division 136, Evanston, 
 Wyo., by order of Grand Chief Engineer P. M. Arthur. 
 
 The following are the charter officers for 1883: James 
 LaRue, Chief Engineer; Frank B. Hanson, First Engineer; 
 John Forster, Second Engineer; Gilbert A. McLean, Secre- 
 tary; Harry W. Russell, Treasurer; Robert R. Mann, Third 
 Assistant Engineer; John W. Stewart, Guide; Alex. King- 
 horn, Chaplain. 
 
 The following members of other divisions assisted in 
 helping organize division 222: James T. Beless and Charles 
 Shermer, of division 29, Pueblo, Colorado; George Sheehey, 
 division 199, Salida, Colorado, and Ole Ferguson, of 
 division 24, Centralia, 111. The division started with seven 
 members, and now has a membership of one hundred and 
 twenty-five. This is a good record for a lodge of Engineers 
 taking it into consideration that no one can become a member 
 until he has had one year's experience as a local motive 
 engineer. Hon. Chauncey M. Depew is the only distin- 
 guished railroad man that holds membership in the order and 
 he had to run an engine before he could be admitted. 
 
 The present officers (1903) are: James A. Yeates, 
 Chief Engineer; H. W. Anderson, First Engineer; John W. 
 Stewart, Second Engineer; James T. Beless, Secretary; Abel 
 Preece, Treasurer; Thomas T. Bult, Third Assistant Engi- 
 neer; C. E;Ives, Guide; C. S. Stewart, Chaplain. 
 
 There is a Ladies' Auxiliary to the organization which 
 
268 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 was organized in Salt Lake City by Mrs. W. A. Murdock, 
 President of the Grand International Auxiliary. The officers 
 are: President, Mrs. J. T. Beless; Vice-President, Mrs. C. 
 E. Shermer; Secretary, Mrs. B. F. Estes; Treasurer, Mrs. 
 E. E. Bartlett; Chaplain, Mrs. J. Foster; Guide, Mrs. P. B. 
 Haslet; Sentinel, Mrs. B. Y. Vinson; other charter members: 
 Mrs. R. Simpson, Mrs. A. N. Russell, Mrs. B. F.Blake, 
 Mrs. S. J. Konold, Mrs. Fred King, Mrs. L. W. Kesler, 
 Mrs. C. S. Blackman, Mrs. C. S. McLain. The order was 
 named Gilbert A. McLean Lodge, division No. 108. Mr. 
 McLean is the Union Pacific engineer who founded the Wa- 
 satch Lodge of Engineers, and also the new auxiliary. 
 
 DESERET AGRICULTURAL AND MANUFAC- 
 TURING SOCIETY. 
 
 THIS is one of the institutions of the State of which its 
 people have reason to be and are proud. Its record is a 
 great one. It was organized pursuant to act of the Terri- 
 torial Legislature in 1856, and has been the means of accom- 
 plishing more good in the way of "keeping tab" on the 
 products and progress of the commonwealth, and making 
 periodical exhibitions thereof, than could be set forth in any- 
 thing less than a large volume. 
 
 The officers of the Society appear in the earlier part of 
 this volume, with the exception of Secretary. This office 
 has recently changed as to personnel, the former incumbent, 
 S. W. Sears, having died, and W. J. Bateman having been 
 appointed thereto. 
 
 Splendid grounds have been provided for the Society's 
 exhibitions at Agricultural Park, in the northwestern part of 
 Salt Lake City, containing an exposition pavilion, numerous 
 outbuildings and sheds, and an up-to-date race track. Every- 
 thing will be improved upon as time advances, the great at- 
 tendance every year fully justifying it. 
 
FINANCE AND TRADE. 
 
 THE MONEY MARTS, FIELDS OF MANUFAC- 
 TURE AND COMMERCE. 
 
 SOME reference has been made in the earlier stages of 
 this book to the general subject of which this depart- 
 ment treats more elaborately. The first merchandising 
 concern, the first grist mill, the first factory, the first bank, 
 and so on, are always objects of prime interest, not alone 
 for their own sake, but as showing by comparison what 
 mighty strides have been made along all the lines leading to 
 .industrial and commercial greatness. The reader will ere 
 this have observed that one of the chief purposes of this book 
 is to show how, when, and by what means everything con- 
 stituting a feature of the great structure was begun, how it 
 has grown, and what it amounts to at the present time; 
 he will thus be undoubtedly interested in the presentations 
 herein made. They are typical selections from the great 
 mass, each more or less representative of everything in its 
 class, and all giving a fair showing of Utah's standing as to 
 the theme above headed. 
 
 ZION'S CO-OPERATIVE MERCANTILE IN- 
 STITUTION. 
 
 CO-OPERATION is by no means a new thing in the mer- 
 cantile affairs of the world, although there have been few 
 
270 
 
 U1AH AS IT IS. 
 
 great enterprises strictly co-operative that have not partaken 
 largely of some other feature of organization and had some 
 other name. In one sense, all firms, corporations and com- 
 binations of whatever name, style or magnitude are co-op- 
 erative concerns, in that they blend their capital, unite their 
 efforts and divide their profits ratably. In what respect, then, 
 the reader may ask, otherwise than name, do the co-opera- 
 tive concerns of Utah differ from others? In at least one very 
 materiarrespect is there a difference: that the latter have an 
 
 Z. C. M. I. MAIN BUILDING, SAI/T LAKE CITY. 
 
 element of fraternity, a feeling of social, ethical and ecclesi- 
 astical equality permeating them and being as cement to the 
 structure, holding all the factors which constitute strength 
 and growth in their places without impairment of the rules 
 and methods recognized and practiced elsewhere. In short, 
 co-operation in Utah is as much an outgrowth of the religious 
 and social views of the Mormon people as any of their other 
 achievements of a temporal character are, and, while no 
 
FINANCE AND TRADE. 271 
 
 peculiar or special characteristics are observable, while trade 
 and every department of business are carried on ptrictly in 
 consonance with established and universally recognized prin- 
 ciples, it still remains that there is above and beyond it all 
 the same generating, fostering and furthering inspiration 
 which has brought into existence and held together first the 
 germs, then the development and lastly the consummation of 
 empire amid the once dreary wilds of the Great West. 
 
 Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution was organized 
 on the i6th day of October, 1868. It had doubtless been in 
 contemplation for some time previously, as its plan and de- 
 velopment were long known to be in full accord with the be- 
 liefs and teachings of its founder, Brigham Young. Perhaps 
 he did not earlier give this practical expression to his views- 
 in that regard because of a realization of all the circumstances- 
 and a due regard for the best interests of the people in ac- 
 cordance with their surroundings. When money or other 
 ready means of effecting exchanges were exceedingly rare 
 with the masses and freightage across the plains amounted to 
 the highest kind of protective tariff, so that a few men could 
 have controlled the situation and made the union of effort a 
 trust for their own benefit rather than a means of equalizing 
 conditions and disseminating benefits, this could scarcely have 
 been regarded as an auspicious time for launching the project. 
 It was one that had to be studied up and some knowledge of 
 its practical application acquired by means of practice, which 
 would of course have been out of the question when the great 
 majority of the people needed all that they had, and could 
 therefore illy spare anything to be tied up for an indefinite 
 period, while the favored few who could endure the strain 
 would soon have been placed in a position to absorb the en- 
 tire transaction. I say perhaps this was the case, for I was 
 never sufficiently intimate with that wonderful man to obtain 
 his confidence; but knowing him and his characteristics so 
 well, understanding how fully he desired the greatest good 
 -for the largest number, and appreciating the extent to which 
 
272 VI AH AS IT IS. 
 
 he could gauge the future by the present and discount diffi- 
 culties in advance as only those who are gifted with pre- 
 science can, it will probably strike the reader as well as the 
 writer that the guess is not a -bad one. With the advent of 
 the railroad the "Chinese wall" of exclusiveness in the mat- 
 ter of importations was battered down and a condition more 
 nearly approaching equality gradually appeared; a lively and 
 profitable market for all kinds of products sprang up where 
 before was stagnation and lack of stimulation. The change 
 had come, the old order had passed away. Money began to 
 be the rule instead of the very rare exception in all kinds of 
 traffic. The people began to improve their homes, their 
 farms and their persons. They could now afford to invest 
 some of their substance for the general benefit of all and the 
 individual good of themselves. As in nearly everything else 
 which the Church President instituted, the hand of the states- 
 man could of later years if not at once be easily traced 
 throughout this grandly successful movement. 
 
 The first officers of the Institution, elected on October 
 16, 1868, were as follows: President, Brigham Young; Vice- 
 President, Wm. H. Hooper; Secretary, William Clayton; 
 Treasurer, D. O. Calder; Directors, George Q. Cannon, 
 George A. Smith, H. S. Eldredge, H. W. Lawrence, William 
 Jennings; Superintendent, H. B. Clawson. The present staff 
 of officials is: President, Joseph F. Smith; Vice-President, 
 George Romney; Secretary, T. G. Webber; Treasurer, A. 
 W. Carlson; Directors, Heber J. Grant, John R. Winder, 
 Henry Dinwoodey, P. T. Farnsworth, John R. Barnes, John 
 Henry Smith, F. M. Lyman, A. H. Lund, W. H. Mclntyre, 
 Reed Smoot and T. G. Webber; General Superintendent, T. 
 G. Webber, a position occupied by him continuously for about 
 fifteen years, to the perfect satisfaction of all concerned and 
 the steady increased growth of the Institution. He has also 
 been Secretary from October, 1871, with the exception of a 
 brief period. 
 
 Active business was begun in March, 1869, the stock 
 
FINANCE AND TRADE. 273 
 
 and establishment of the late William Jennings (where now is 
 the Emporium corner) having been secured, in connection 
 with other stocks and places. The business was incorporated 
 in 1870 for a period of twenty-five years, which having ex- 
 pired in 1895 a reincorporation for fifty years was had, and 
 successful branch establishments have been instituted at 
 Ogden, Provo, Logan, Utah, and Idaho Falls, Idaho. The 
 success immediately attendant upon the enterprise was such 
 that it soon outgrew its quarters and occupied more commo- 
 dious ones, but nothing adequate to the steady growth was 
 available, and in 1875 the grounds owned and occupied as a 
 residence by the late President Jedediah M. Grant were pur- 
 chased and the great establishment was built in which has 
 been the headquarters of the mammoth business for the last 
 twenty-six years. 
 
 Subsequently sixty feet on the north side were added 
 and built upon. The main building is three stories and base- 
 ment, 160x315 feet, with back premises for stabling, storage, 
 etc. Later other ground adjoining on the east was added, on 
 which is a large shoe and clothing factory, having the great- 
 est capacity in the entire West. 
 
 The payroll presents the names of an army of not less 
 than 450 persons. The first year's sales amounted to $1,230,- 
 700, the average to date being over $3,000,000; last year's 
 were $4,000,000 and the stock carried never falls short of 
 $800,000. It has been a great dividend payer from the start, 
 the total amount to date reaching the enormous total of $3,- 
 000,000. 
 
 As illustrative of the extensive traffic carried on by the 
 Institution, a figurative mathematical proposition may be used. 
 From the beginning of its business thirty-four years ago, the 
 total tonnage of goods imported has reached the gigantic fig- 
 ure of (approximately) 310,000 tons, or 26,000 carloads, the 
 branches increasing this sum by 80,000 tons, or 3,330 car 
 loads; altogether, this would make up a train of cars* over 215 
 miles in length, a distance equaling the vast stretch of terri- 
 
274 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 tory between Salt Lake City and the southern boundary of 
 the State. The immensity of the Institution can scarcely be 
 impressed upon the mind by means of types and paper; in- 
 spection, while revealing its vastness as a grand and compre- 
 hensive whole, would scarcely be more analytical than a 
 written description. It contains well nigh everything ever 
 found in a mercantile establishment from the proverbial 
 "needle to an anchor," and can sell from a cent's worth to 
 thousands of dollars' value and never become depleted in any 
 line. Its workings are wonderful because of their plainness^ 
 and grand by reason of their simplicity. 
 
 Mankind is typical of Providence. There is no result 
 without a cause and every cause portends a result. The 
 proper aggregation of forces means a corresponding diffusion 
 of power. Nothing can radiate unless there is a focal energy 
 to cause the radiation. With these physical laws applied to 
 the affairs of mankind, we behold at once the mainspring of 
 the success achieved by practical co-operation. The power 
 of the people, as relates to the sinews of war and the vitals 
 of peace, is aggregated, meaning at once the concentration 
 and distribution of financial strength. Each parts with some 
 measure of his substance only to receive it back, through the 
 wise and careful management into which it is given, in en- 
 larged and still growing measure. Such is Z. C. M. I. of 
 Utah. 
 
 WALKER BROTHERS' BANK (THE PIONEER). 
 
 UTAH had no bank or anything in lieu of one for sev- 
 eral years after the first settlement, the chief reason for which 
 was, that none was needed. Business was largely if not 
 altogether a matter of internal reciprocity, such money as 
 came from or went to the world outside not representing a 
 great volume and being invariably coin of the realm. Bills of 
 exchange, drafts, checks, etc., were unknown and uncalled for. 
 
FINANCE AND TRADE. 
 
 275 
 
 Those who went or came took as much money as they re- 
 quired (if they could raise it) along with them, transactions 
 were either in money or trade, and that was all there was 
 of it. 
 
 All this had to change some time, and the enlivening 
 effects of traffic with the mining districts north and west, in 
 
 WALKER BRO'S BANK. 
 
276 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 1859, brought it about, the institution whose name heads this 
 chapter being the pioneers, although Holliday & Halsey, 
 Hussey & Dahler and possibly others were not far behind. 
 The business was a success from the word go, and has 
 grown and spread with the growth and spreading of the 
 community. The founders' names were: Samuel S. Walker, 
 Joseph R. Walker, David F. Walker and Matthew H. Walk- 
 er. In 1885 the Union National Bank was organized and 
 succeeded the foregoing. In 1895 the national bank charter 
 was surrendered and the business of a partnership was re- 
 sumed under the name of Walker Brothers, Bankers, by 
 which name it was incorporated in 1903, under the laws of 
 Utah. The capital is $200,000, and the deposits on April 9, 
 1903, amounted to $1,168.772.59. The officers are: M. H. 
 Walker, President; Thomas Weir, Vice-President; L. H. 
 Farnsworth, Cashier; E. O. Howard, Assistant Cashier; W. 
 Montague Ferry and H. G. McMillan, Directors. 
 
 Walker Brothers Banking Company have made them- 
 selves one of the solid and reliable institutions of Utah, not 
 only by their pioneering enterprise, but by reason of business 
 principles strictly applied and the absolutely upright conduct 
 of all their affairs. It is one of the best and most favorably 
 known commercial enterprises of the State. 
 
 DESERET NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 THIS institution was originally the firm of Hooper, Eld- 
 redge & Co., and was organized May i, 1869. It was suc- 
 ceeded by the banking company above named on November 
 i, 1872. The first officers were: Brigham Young, President; 
 H. S. Eldredge, Vice-president; L. S. Hills, Cashier; Direc- 
 tors, the foregoing, with W. H. Hooper, William Jennings, 
 John Sharp and Feramorz Little. The original capital was 
 $200,000, which at the present time (1903) has swollen to 
 half a million, with a surplus of $250,000. 
 
278 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 The present Directors of the corporation are: L. S. 
 Hills, W. W. Riter, James Sharp, John R. Winder, Reed 
 Smoot, W. H. Mclntire, Moses Thatcher, George Romney, 
 John R. Barnes, John C. Cutler, E. R. Eldredge, David 
 Eccles and A. W. Carlson, the first named being President, 
 Moses Thatcher Vice-President, and H. S. Young Cashier. 
 
 An excellent picture of the bank building, at the corner 
 of Main and First South streets, Salt Lake City, is herewith 
 given. It was erected at a time when such a building was 
 regarded as a gigantic affair, and even now, as is shown, it is 
 far from being a small one. The institution itself is known 
 to be as solid as the u rock of ages," and its business transac- 
 tions reach out to every part of the globe. 
 
 McCORNICK & CO., BANKERS. 
 
 THE banking house of McCornick & Co. is by no means 
 a recent accession to the great enterprises of which Utah 
 boasts, having been established in 1873. Of course, it was 
 at the beginning nothing like the grand and imposing affair 
 it has become of late years, with its splendid seven-story 
 house, its business representing a fortune every day and ram- 
 ifying into all parts of the world where civilization has a per- 
 manent footing. The growth has been well-nigh phenom- 
 enal, growing in not much over a dozen years from an 
 unpretentious business affair into one of the greatest of its 
 kind, having the largest deposits of any bank between Den- 
 ver and San Francisco. An excellent cut of the building is 
 presented herewith. 
 
 Hon. W. S. McCornick, to whose managerial instincts 
 and executive capacity the growth and success of the enterprise 
 are directly traceable, has been a resident of Salt Lake City 
 for thirty years, having come here from Nevada, where he 
 was a successful operator for some time in the flourishing 
 mining towns; previous to that he resided in California. 
 
FINANCE AND TRADE. 
 
 279 
 
 After a residence here of some ten years he became attracted 
 to our wonderful mineral resources, and investments imme- 
 diately followed. In this, as in everything else, he has been 
 altogether successful. He also has mining investments else- 
 where, and is interested in several other Utah enterprises, his 
 name occurring frequently in this volume, having large 
 
 MCCORNICK & GO'S BANK 
 
280 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 investments in cattle and lands in other States, viz., Nevada 
 and Idaho, also in Mexico. Altogether he is one of the busiest 
 and most progressive business men in this or any other com- 
 monwealth, and his reward has been commensurate there- 
 with. 
 
 In 1901 Mr. McCornick was a candidate before the 
 Republican caucus of the fourth Legislature for the 
 position of United States Senator, and was strongly sup- 
 ported. It was realized by his opponents that no fitter 
 name was presented, and that he would make a representa- 
 tive in the upper house of Congress whose work his con- 
 stituents would have no reason to be dissatisfied with; but 
 the fortunes of politics landed the prize elsewhere. Many 
 good citizens would like to see him in the race again for the 
 same office. 
 
 ZION'S SAVINGS BANK. 
 
 THE accompanying cut is the home and property of 
 Zion's Savings Bank and Trust Co.; it also quarters the 
 State Bank of Utah. The building is one of the most impos- 
 ing and commodious in the business part of the city; it is 
 known as the Templeton, and was originally designed as a 
 hotel. The bank first named is the oldest and largest in 
 Utah, receiving deposits from all over the world. Since its 
 establishment in 1873 it has opened 36,576 savings accounts; 
 as early as 1892 its deposits amounted to between $800,000 
 and $900,000, and the last statement issued shows the total 
 resources amounting to nearly $4,000,000 a pretty large 
 business, as almost anyone can see. Deposits in any sum 
 from $i to $5000 are received, though for larger amounts 
 special arrangements with the President and Cashier must be 
 made. Four per cent interest on deposits is paid. 
 
 The officers are: Joseph F. Smith, President; Anther* 
 
FINANCE AND TRADE. 
 
 281 
 
 H. Lund, Vice-President; George* M.JCannon. Cashier; 
 Lewis M, Cannon, Assistant Cashier; Directors, the fore- 
 going, with T. G. Webber, Angus M. Cannon, James JaclT, 
 
 ZION'S SAVINGS BANK & TRUST CO. BUILDING. 
 
 Francis M. Lyman, John T. Caine, George Reynolds, L. 
 John Nuttall, Angus J. Cannon, A. O. Woodruff, Hyrum M. 
 Smith and John R. Winder; George M. Cannon being Secre- 
 tary of the board. 
 
 FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF OGDEN 
 
 [Cut of Building OH page 199.] 
 
 ONE of the solid and enduring banking institutions of the 
 State is that named above, an excellent cut of whose large 
 and elegant building appears as above stated. It is the 
 United States depository. Its capital stock is $150,000, its 
 
 surplus and undivided profits are $72,481, its deposits reach 
 10 
 
282 U1AH AS IT IS. 
 
 the great total of $1,466,454, and its resources amount to the 
 enormous sum of $1,726,430. 
 
 The officers are as follows: David Eccles, President; 
 Thomas D. Dee, Vice-President; James Pingree, Cashier; 
 John Pingree, Assistant Cashier; Directors, those named and 
 Barnard White, George H. Tribe, Joseph Clark, Adam Pat- 
 terson, W. W. Riter and John Watson. 
 
 The building is one of the imposing features of Ogden 
 and would be a credit to any metropolis; while the directors 
 are men whose names are well and honorably known through- 
 out the whole country. 
 
 THE BEET SUGAR INDUSTRY 
 
 THE pioneer in this line in recent years is the Utah 
 Sugar Co., whose factories are located at Garland, Box Elder 
 Co., and whose first factory was located at Lehi, the Lehi 
 factory having been enlarged within the past five years to 
 three times its original capacity. It has cutting stations at 
 Bingham Junction, Provo and Springville, which are con- 
 nected by pipe-line with the central factory at Lehi. 
 
 The sugar production commenced in the year 1890 with 
 1,100,000 Ibs., and has grown to a production in 1903, in 
 Utah alone, of 50,000,000 pounds. This industry is proba- 
 bly capable of further expansion in the State, and though the 
 consumption of sugar in the State alone amounts to only 20,- 
 000,000 Ibs., adjacent States are supplied and the surplus is 
 taken to the Missouri River. As to the further expansion, 
 that entirely depends upon the price that sugar can be pro- 
 duced for. 
 
 AMALGAMATED SUGAR CO. 
 
 The Amalgamated Sugar Company was incorporated 
 Juiy 1. 1902, with a capitalization of $4,000,000, of which 
 amount $2,551,500 worth of capital stock was issued, two- 
 thirds of which is preferred and one third common. The 
 corporation then absorbed the factories at Ogden, Logan, 
 
FINANCE AND TRADE. 
 
 283 
 
 and La Grande, Oregon. The officers are David Eccles, 
 President; Thomas D. Dee, Vice President; H. H. Rolapp, 
 Secretary; C. W. Nibley, Treasurer; Directors, the fore- 
 going, with Joseph F. Smith, F. J. Kiesel, Hyrum H. Spence, 
 E. P. Ellison, Joseph Scowcroft, Adam Patterson, Joseph 
 Clark and G. W. Stoddard. 
 
 The Amalgamated Sugar Company employs on an aver- 
 
 OGDEN SUGAR FACTORY. 
 
 age about 120 men at each of its factories, and has a monthly 
 payroll of fully $30,000. At the three factories they use 
 daily 180 tons of coal, 60 tons of lime rock, and 6 tons of 
 coke, besides a large quantity of sulphur, soda, tallow and 
 other articles used for the purifying and crystallizing of the 
 sugar. It is truly a mammoth industry and a source of great 
 revenue to the stockholders and the State. 
 
 WOOLEN MILLS. 
 
 WHILE Utah is well supplied in the matter of factories 
 for the production of sugar and woolen fabrics, the end is not 
 
2S4 U1AH AS IT 7. 
 
 yet by any means. The oldest of these institutions is the 
 Provo factory, the company having been organized in the 
 early seventies by President Brigham Young, whose desire 
 to inaugurate home manufactures, to provide labor for the 
 people and to keep money in home circulation, is well 
 known. For years the factory had to struggle with hard 
 times, crude machinery, and lack of capital, but of later 
 years, under the management of Hon. Reed Smoot, it has 
 forged steadily ahead, until it is today in possession of all the 
 best modern machinery, its goods are in active demand, and 
 its financial position is of the strongest. Hugh Clayton is 
 now manager. The goods chiefly manufactured are in fine 
 white, mottled, plain, gray and vicima blankets; tricots, cassi- 
 meres. ladies' cloths, linseys, tweeds, double, single and 
 shoulder shawls, plain, twilled and dress flannels, wool batt- 
 ing and yarns. The following are the officers: Wm. B. 
 Preston, President; Joseph R Smith, Vice-President; Thos. 
 R. Cutler, Reed Smoot, George Romney, J. R. Barnes, C. 
 S. Burton, Wm. W. Riter, John C. Cutler, Directors. W. 
 E. Bassett is Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 Cutler Bros. Co. of 36 Main Street, Salt Lake City, 
 have been the agents of the Provo Woolen Mills since 1877, 
 when President Brigham Young, who was then the largest 
 stockholder in the company, rented the historic "Old Con- 
 stitution Building" to John C. Cutler and named him to act 
 as their agent; after the death of President Young, part of 
 the land where the Old Constitution building stood was bought 
 by him, and he, with others, built the present Constitution 
 building, where the Provo Woolen Mills agency is still located. 
 
 There is another factory at Hyrum, Cache County, and 
 one at Franklin, Idaho, owned by Utah people; but these are 
 of limited capacity. 
 
 TAYLOR BROTHERS CO., PROVO. 
 
 SOME idea of the extent of this big business institution 
 can be had from the accompanying engraving. It was estab- 
 
FINANCE AND TRADE. 
 
 285 
 
 Hshed in 1866 and has steadily grown up to its present pro- 
 portions from the transactions extending throughout Utah 
 and far into its surroundings. Twenty-two persons are em- 
 ployed. The trade is in complete house furnishings and 
 music, wholesale and retail, and is a pioneer in that line. 
 The total floorage is 28,780 feet. The company was incor- 
 porated in 1890 with a capital of $50,000, all paid up, shares 
 $100 each, the officers being as follows: Eliza N. Taylor, 
 President; Thomas N. Taylor, Vice-President and Manager; 
 
 TAYLOR BROTHERS, PROVO. 
 
 John D. Dixon, Secretary and Treasurer; Arthur N. Taylor 
 and Maud Taylor, directors. There is a branch house at 
 Eureka, Tintic. 
 
 Manager Taylor, a not altogether satisfactory portrait 
 of whom appears on page 207, is an old and skilled hand 
 at the business, having been at it twenty-five years and in 
 charge of this establishment since 1887. He has twice been 
 Mayor of Provo and was a good one. He was born in 
 
286 UTAH AS II IS. 
 
 that place on July 28, 1868; was married to Maud Rogers 
 in September, 1889, and seven children, five boys and two 
 girls, have been born to them. Mr. Taylor is something of 
 a "horse crank," having imported some of the best horses 
 ever brought into the State, and is a progressive citizen 
 generally. 
 
 SINGLETON CLOTHING CO., PROVO. 
 
 THIS is distinctively a home institution and as such is 
 entitled to extensive mention. All the clothing and woolen 
 fabrics sold in the store are made by the firm, the ma- 
 terials being bought from the great Woolen Mills of Provo, 
 whose fame extends throughout the land. The superintendent 
 is Albert Singleton, a well known citizen of Provo, whose 
 portrait appears on page 207. 
 
 Mr. Singleton was born at Winsham, Somersetshire, 
 England, on July 3, 1843. His parents were Francis and 
 Amelia Ann Singleton. He went to the local schools and 
 at an early age learned the tailoring trade. In 1873 he 
 bade his native land adieu, and in November of that year ar- 
 rived in Salt Lake City, where he followed various occu- 
 pations for about ten months, when he went to Provo and 
 engaged with the Co-operative store, remaining till 1895, 
 when he established the business he is now in, having re- 
 mained there all the time from his first arrival. He is a 
 man of family, having a wife and six children. He is largely 
 interested in mining affairs, being President of the Golden 
 Queen Mining Co., whose property consists of six claims of 
 low grade gold ore, more or less developed, near the cele- 
 brated Annie Laurie, Gold Hill, Piute County. 
 
 INTERMOUNTAIN MILLING CO. 
 
 ABOUT thirty years ago George Husler started a burr 
 mill for grinding wheat into flour on Mill Creek, some three 
 
 
FINANCE AND TRADE. 
 
 287 
 
 miles south of Salt Lake City. The capacity of the mill, like 
 everything else in those days, was somewhat limited; but 
 also, like everything else, predestined to success it has 
 grown amazingly. The business grew into the corporation 
 above named in 1894, having been steadily advancing and 
 improving right along. It is now a giant roller mill with a 
 capacity of 250 barrels a day, having distributing points all 
 over this part of the country. The officers of the corpora- 
 
 HUSLER FLOUR MILLS 
 
 Inter-Mountain Milling e- 
 
 . - 
 
 INTER-MOUNTAIN MIIJvING CO. 
 
 tion are: W. S.McCornick, President; W. R. Wallace, Vice- 
 President; C, K. McCornick, Treasurer; R. E. Miller, Secre- 
 tary and Manager; N. L. Morris, M. M. Miller and J. R. Miller 
 (with the foregoing) Directors. 
 
 The manager, R. E. Miller, was born in Mill Creek, now 
 Murray, on October 30, 1869. He is a son of that stalwart 
 Pioneer and^ State builder, Reuben Miller and his wife Mar- 
 garet Gardner. The father occupied many public stations of 
 
288 UTAH AS IT JS. 
 
 trust and responsibility, and was respected far and wide. The 
 son attended the local schools and finally graduated from the 
 Deseret University, where he had a four [years' term, from 
 1882 to 1887. after which he taught school for five years, 
 then went into the milling business. In 1892 he was a can- 
 didate for the Legislature; it was a three-cornered fight 
 Democrats, Republicans and Liberals having each a ticket 
 up, he being with the former, and the latter winning. 
 
 Mr. Miller has been Secretary of the company since its 
 formation and Manager since 1898. 
 
 ROCKY MOUNTAIN BELL TELEPHONE. 
 
 ONE of the greatest works undertaken by any of our 
 institutions in late years is that now under way by the Rocky 
 Mountain Bell Telephone Company of furnishing com- 
 munication to the farmers of Utah. Idaho, Montana and 
 Wyoming. 
 
 This essentially Western association of men has for the 
 last twenty years been continuously found upon the frontier 
 of civilization, its glittering threads of intelligence piercing 
 the forests and clinging to the mountain tops, lending their 
 mighty aid to the development of the mineral resources of the 
 great West; always the surest, promptest and most satis- 
 factory mode of communication, preceding the railroad and 
 in many cases months ahead of even wagon roads, now we 
 find them entering with their usual vigor and pioneer spirit 
 the field of bringing the scattered ranches of the intermoun- 
 tain region into instant communication will each other and 
 with their market centers. Who of all the people who inhabit 
 the earth have more urgent need of prompt communication 
 than these same farmers and ranchers? 
 
 The rapidity with which the company's rural circuits 
 are being filled up all over the country is the best indica- 
 tion of the appreciation of the service by those for whom 
 
FINANCE AND TRADE. 
 
 289 
 
 the experiment was inaugurated and that the compensation 
 asked is within the reach of even the smallest tiller of the 
 soil. Since the matter was first presented to the ranchmen, 
 less than four months ago, over eight hundred such in- 
 struments have been installed in Utah and Idaho alone 
 with many orders remaining unfilled owing to inability to 
 secure labor and assemble the material for the equipment 
 of the lines. 
 
 This phenomenal expansion as well as the many miles 
 
 ROCKY MOUNTAIN BEU, TELEPHONE. 
 
290 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 of toll line extensions is being felt in the remarkable exchange 
 increases. Especially is this true of Salt Lake, there now 
 being in operation in Salt Lake over four thousand five 
 hundred telephones, in the neighborhood of one thousand six 
 hundred being of the popular $1.00 per month house tele- 
 phone. 
 
 This vast system of toll lines and exchanges radiates 
 from and is managed in Salt Lake where the company's 
 headquarters building is located, over half a million dollars 
 of Utah money being represented as well as large sums from 
 all the other States in which the company operates. 
 
 Its board of directors and officers are picked from the 
 sturdy pioneers of every branch of Western industry. They 
 are as follows: 
 
 . Board of Directors : George Y.Wallace, President; Thomas 
 Marshall; James Ivers; Geo. M. Downey, Vice-President; 
 Alonzo Burt; T. P. Fish; W. S. McCornick, Treasurer; 
 C. W. Clark; H. C. Hill, Secretary; D. S. Murray, General 
 Manager. 
 
 THE HOTELS. 
 
 DOUBTLESS there is no place in the world where hostel- 
 ries, in point of number, capacity and general excellence, are 
 proportionately ahead of those of Salt Lake City. Five of 
 them would not be out of place in any great metropolis, so 
 thoroughly up to date are they in all general requirements. 
 Ogden also is well provided, so is Provo, and, in fact, every 
 place of any consequence has its headquarters for the trav- 
 eler, with accommodations fully equal to the locality in all 
 reasonable requirements. 
 
 One of the leading hotels, if not the leading one, of 
 Salt Lake City, and thereby of the State, is that whose picture 
 accompanies this article the Kenyon. It is a comparatively 
 
292 
 
 U1AH AS IT IS. 
 
 new establishment, yet not so new as to be in the experimen- 
 tal stage, its reputation for good treatment of guests in great 
 numbers being widespread. It has over ^oo rooms, each 
 completely equipped with all modern conveniences, including 
 local and long distance telephones, and is conducted on both 
 the European and American plans. Don Porter is the pro- 
 prietor, and a thoroughly experienced and progressive one 
 he is. his retinue of assistants being like unto him. 
 
 CASTLE GATE, UTAH 
 
 One of the points of interest by reason of its scenic splendor as well as relat- 
 ing to the great coal strike of 1903. 
 
THE CATHOLICS. 
 
 UTAH'S SECOND CHURCH, ITS INCEPTION, 
 GROWTH AND WORKS. 
 
 THE first Catholic church in Salt Lake City was erected 
 in 1871, and dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen by Arch- 
 bishop J. S. Allemany, who assumed temporary jurisdiction 
 of Utah early the same year. He appointed Rev. P. Walsh 
 pastor, and it was through his efforts and the liberality of all 
 classes of citizens that the speedy erection of the church was 
 accomplished. In the early part of the following year the 
 first mission, under the direction of Father Walsh, was given 
 in the newly dedicated church, by Father Bouchard, S. J., of 
 San Francisco. The next year Father Walsh, who had the 
 esteem and confidence of the entire community, was recalled 
 to San Francisco. Rev. L. Scanlan, who had pastoral charge 
 of the Catholic church at Petaluma, Cal.,was appointed to suc- 
 ceed Father Walsh in Utah. He arrived in Salt Lake City Aug. 
 14, 1873, and has since, as pastor, vicar forane, vicar apostolic, 
 and bishop, faithfully and zealously ministered to the spiritual 
 wants of the Catholics of Utah. When he assumed charge 
 there was only one church in the entire Territory, and that 
 encumbered with a heavy indebtedness. His charge em- 
 braced the largest area of any pastor in the United States, 
 but his flock were few. Like the church in the Canacle, or 
 emerging fronx the upper chamber of the morning of Pente- 
 cost, poor in a worldly sense, so was the commencement of 
 the" pastoral charge of the present Bishop of Salt Lake thirty 
 
- 
 
 
 y> 
 
 RT. REV. L. SCANLAN, BISHOP 
 
THE CATHOLICS. 295 
 
 years ago. With apostolic zeal, the privations which sur- 
 rounded him gave zest and energy to his missionary spirit. 
 His only luxury was the happiness resulting from his success- 
 ful labors and undertakings. 
 
 It was in 1887 that Father Scanlan was consecrated 
 Bishop of Salt Lake. Up to that time Salt Lake had been 
 part of the archdiocese of San^Francisco, and Father Scanlan 
 was laboring in that metropolis until the time Sah Lake be- 
 came a diocese and the Bishop became the ruling spirit. He 
 has passed through all the trials which accompany the build- 
 ing up of a Catholic congregation in an almost new field, but 
 he undertook the task with his usual manly determination, 
 and now he is able to see on all sides with pride the mag- 
 nificent results of his years of struggle and constant effort. 
 
 For several years the small c:ithedral on Second East 
 street was the only structure for Catholic worship, large 
 enough to accommodate about two hundred members. The 
 remarkable growth and increase of the church in recent 
 years made the erection of a larger edifice imperative, and 
 today the splendid architectural triumph the new St. Mary 
 Magdalen cathedral is nearing completion in consequence, 
 The generous contributions of Mrs. A. H. Tarbet and Mrs. 
 Mary Judge, O. J. Salisbury, W. S. McCornick, James 
 Ivers, David Keith and J. J. Daly, which assured a fund of 
 $70,000, determined the Bishop to proceed with the work, 
 and plans were secured from Architect Neuhausen. In 1891 
 the plat on East South Temple street was purchased and re- 
 served for the purpose. Contributions continued to pour in, 
 and no better indication of the substantial progress of the 
 Catholic church here can be found than in the fact that 
 rsince the work of construction was begun, fully $120,000 has 
 been expended. In the meantime treble that has been ex- 
 pended on other Catholic institutions in this city, It is esti- 
 mated that the total Catholic population in this diocese is from 
 10,000 to 11,000, and is being wonderfully augmented year 
 $>y year. 
 
THE CATHOLICS. 297 
 
 The new cathedral wiU be an imposing and picturesque 
 edifice. The location, commanding a far-reaching sweep of 
 the valley, is a worthy setting for the architectural jewel. 
 The site has a frontage on two streets, and the building will, 
 be within easy and conspicuous view from almost any part of 
 the valley. The architecture is in the fashion of the late 
 Romanesque, which is another name for the early Gothic. Two 
 tall towers, one hundred and eighty feet high when finished, 
 will face to the south, and the vaulted roof will reach to a 
 height of about sixty feet. The building will be one hundred 
 and eighty feet in length by ninety-six feet in width. Within it 
 will be ornate with the most elaborate and elegant appoint- 
 ments available*, the seating capacity being for twelve hun- 
 dred persons. 
 
 This imposing place of worship, built in the bosom of 
 the Western mountains, is significant before the world. It will 
 be a perpetual monument. It will tell of what militant Cath- 
 olicism can achieve from meagre beginnings, and will be- 
 speak eloquently the struggles and toil of Bishop Scanlan and 
 his brethren through the dark years and their eventual 
 triumph. 
 
 During Bishop Scanlan's early incumbency, and whilst 
 he was endeavoring to liquidate the debt of $6000 which 
 hung over the little church, he also secured the ground 
 upon which St. Mary's Academy now stands. Purchase of 
 this site was made here in 1874. 
 
 Before St. Mary's Academy was completed, another 
 institution, to be conducted by the sisters, became a neces- 
 sity, and this materialized in the" Hospital of the Holy Cross. 
 Early in October, 1875, Sisters M. Holy Cross and M. Bar- 
 tholomew, prepared to act as Good Samaritans to the poor 
 and sick and maimed, arrived in Salt Lake, and on October 
 22 began work humbly, unostentatiously and full of the spirit of 
 the Good Master, in a rented building on Fifth East between 
 South Temple and First South streets. They were pre-emi- 
 nently successful. Their chanty in behalf of suffering 
 20 
 
298 VI AH AS II IS. 
 
 humanity won for them from a grateful people the true title 
 of angels of mercy and real Sisters of Charity. As a mark 
 of their success the present beautiful hospital, with its 
 spacious grounds, stands a noble monument. To Bishop 
 Scanlan and his associates are due the credit for the incep- 
 tion ot this beneficent institution. 
 
 Soon after the Sisters entered the new hospital Father 
 Scanlan set about to provide the children of his flock with a 
 school in the eastern part of the city. As a result, school 
 was opened in September, 1882, in the large, airy room of 
 the basement. Sixty scholars were in daily attendance. Its 
 influence for good was so manifest that it continued to pros- 
 per and received everv encouragement that its zealous 
 founder could offer. It was conducted successfully for four- 
 teen years, but in 1896, during the temporary absence of its 
 patron and founder, it was closed, and has remained so 
 since. 
 
 The site upon which All Hallows College now stands 
 was secured on January 8, 1881, it being the original inten- 
 tion to erect a new hospital thereon. In the spring of 1885 
 plans for the present college were made by Henry Monheim, 
 ground was broken and the work of construction began. In 
 September of the following year school was opened. Rev. 
 P. Blake, the pastor of Park City, assumed the presidency, 
 and with a corps of efficient teachers, All Hallows College 
 became one of the leading factors in this intermountain region. 
 Its present status and magnificent results are more extensively 
 commented on in succeeding pages. 
 
 Soon after the opening of All Hallows College in Sep- 
 tember. 1886, Father Scanlan received news of his appoint- 
 ment as Bishop of Salt Lake City. The news arrived Sep- 
 tember 16, through the Associated Press, but it was not until 
 the following April that Rome sent the bull by which he 
 learned the nature and extent of his official jurisdiction. He 
 was appointed Bishop of Larandum and Vicar Apostolic of 
 Utah and the counties of Eureka, Lander, Lincoln, White 
 
THE CATHOLICS. 299 
 
 Pine, Nye and Elko in the State of Nevada, embracing an. 
 area of nearly 155,000 square miles. Bishop Scanlan's con- 
 secration took place in St. Mary's Cathedral, San Francisco, 
 June 29, 1887. Archbishop Riordan, assisted by Right Revs. 
 Eugene O'Connell and P. Manogue, officiated on the occasion. 
 Very Rev. J. J. Prendergast preached. 
 
 It was in 1889 that Bishop Scanlan commenced the 
 erection of his present residence, and being completed in 1891, 
 moved into it that year. His former residence was now va- 
 cant, and it was decided to devote it to the purpose of a new 
 institution. He had long been considering the great need of 
 an orphanage, where orphans and children of neglectful pa- 
 rents could receive attention. St. Ann's Orphanage was 
 then founded, and on October 15, 1891. three sisters from St. 
 Mary's Academy at Notre Dame, Ind., arrived and took 
 charge of St. Ann's. Twice since its opening Bishop Scan- 
 Ian was obliged to enlarge the building in order to accommo- 
 date the many applicants, and in June, 1898, he secured an 
 option on fifteen acres of land south of Twelfth South and 
 between Fourth and Fifth East. The result was that in May 
 of 1899, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Kearns called on Bishop 
 Scanlan, and quietly told him that $50,000 was at his disposal 
 to build a suitable home for the orphanage. Ground was 
 broken in June and the corner stcne laid August 27, before 
 an immense concourse of people. Bishop Scanlan officiated 
 and preached the sermon, other speakers being Governor 
 H. M. Wells, Senator Rawlins, C. S. Varian and Thomas 
 Kearns. This splendid charity is now known as the 
 'Kearns St. Ann's Orphanage." 
 
 Some years prior to this, or in 1889, a lot four by eight 
 rods was purchased for a church in which the spiritual needs 
 of the Catholics living on the west side of the city could be 
 supplied, and in 1892 the adjoining corner was also secured. 
 On the last mentioned lot was a brick cottage and frame 
 building, which has since October 16, 1892, been used as a. 
 church by the people of the west side, 
 
CATHOLIC CATHEDRA!,, 
 
THE CATHOLICS. 301 
 
 Were all the numerous and interesting features of the 
 remarkable life-work of Bishop Scanlan, during the growth 
 and development of the Catholic church and its connections 
 in this State particularly, to be published, it would require a 
 volume larger than this to contain them; but no greater tribute 
 to its magnificent success, no more glorious monument could 
 be had, than the material results embodied in noble cathedral 
 and beneficent institutions which beautify this city and State, 
 and which proclaim with an eloquence more potent than 
 words the fame and affection which are his. 
 
 Prosperous branches of the church have also been 
 established in Ogden, Park City, Bingham, Mercur and in 
 several other important places throughout the State. 
 
 ASSISTANT CLERGY. 
 
 THE following are the assistants to Bishop Scanlan of 
 the Catholic church in this city: 
 
 Rev. D. Kiely, V. G., who came here in 1874, from San 
 Francisco, and has been here continuously since. 
 
 Rev. M. Curran, arrived from Ireland in 1897. 
 
 Rev. William F. Morrissey, arrived from Ireland in 1898. 
 
 Rev. P. Bulfamonte, came from Sicily in 1899 to take 
 charge of the Italian communicants of the church. 
 
 Rev. Paul Donovan, arrived in 1903 from Brooklyn, 
 N. Y. 
 
 ALL HALLOWS COLLEGE. 
 
 UNDER the shadow of the Cross the lamp of knowledge 
 has been kept burning through the centuries, from central 
 see to farthest outpost, ever advancing to illumine the 
 
302 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 pathway to higher aims and nobler aspirations. In the devel- 
 opment of the West, throughout the evolution of barren 
 wastes into sovereign States, the Fathers of the Catholic 
 church have been mighty factors here as elsewhere. Plant- 
 ing their banners on the ramparts of the frontier, they stood 
 for Faith and Industry. They wooed the savage and taught 
 him the arts of peace. School houses were built and 
 ignorance was made war against. Then primitive structures 
 developed, with increasing population, into handsome edifices, 
 and knowledge spread. The church prospered and civiliza- 
 tion reared its monuments in temples o'er shrines to Intel- 
 lectuality and Truth. Human destiny was being wrought 
 out. 
 
 Among all the beneficent institutions which throughout 
 the West reflect the wisdom and enterprise of the Catholic 
 church and pre-eminently proclaim its efficiency in promoting 
 the educational as well as the spiritual development of all 
 within its pale, there is none more deserving of prominent 
 notice than All Hallows College of Salt Lake City. Its his- 
 tory during the past seventeen years has been replete with 
 interest, not only to the educator as such, but to all who are 
 observant of the forces which make for progress and good 
 citizenship. 
 
 Founded in 1886 by the Right Reverend Bishop Scan- 
 Ian, when existing conditions were more or less problematical 
 of success, the institution appealed to the filial feelings of the 
 church's communicants scattered through this inter-mountain 
 region, and for those years, under the direction of Bishop 
 Scanlan, the college slowly but firmly grew in strength and 
 favor. In 1889, however, the Marist Fathers assumed con- 
 trol, and with the increased influx of population, which 
 changing conditions brought about, All Hallows entered upon 
 a period of greater and growing prosperity, owing chiefly to 
 the wise direction and efficient training of the new regime. 
 The excellence of results, the high standard and salutary dis- 
 cipline maintained, the superior manhood which emerged 
 
304 U1AH AS 11 IS. 
 
 from its portals, to take active part in the battle of life, and 
 the broadminded tolerance which produced the exerting of 
 influences over the minds of students not of the Catholic per- 
 suasion, have brought All Hallows to the realization of its 
 present splendid popularity. 
 
 The Fathers, of course, combine their instruction with 
 every effort to instill into the hearts and minds of their pupils 
 those fundamental principles of religion and virtue calculated 
 to make true men and useful citizens. The college is kept 
 abreast of the times, and whilst harmonizing with local 
 wants and desires, it is maintained as a model center of men- 
 tal and moral culture. Those whose means for the acqui- 
 sition of a liberal education are ample, as well as those who 
 are constrained by circumstances to the attainment of imme- 
 diate practical knowledge, may have their needs supplied, 
 with every consideration and facility inferior to no other 
 college any v. here. 
 
 The college buildings are commodious, and the class 
 rooms, study halls, bath rooms, dining halls and dormitories 
 are arranged with a view to comfort and convenience, being 
 well ventilated and lightsome, and fitted up with the latest 
 improvements, steam heating, electricity, etc. Every pos- 
 sible precaution against fire has been taken, the building 
 being equipped with fire escapes and each story provided 
 with hose and connections. The increasing popularity of 
 the college is eloquently attested by the handsome new 
 structure just erected this year at a cost of nearly $100,000, 
 and containing sixty additional rooms. Gymnastics and ath- 
 letics are also amply provided for, and altogether All Hal- 
 lows is a college ideal and complete. 
 
 To the Very Rev. John J. Guinan, S. M., the present 
 president and treasurer, much praise is due for the able efforts 
 that have resulted in such great success, so that today, 
 architecturally, educationally and financially, All Hallows 
 stands in the foreground of institutions of which not only the 
 great Catholic church but the State may well be proud. 
 
THE OTHER CHURCHES. 
 
 SHOWING OF THE DIFFERENT DENOMINA- 
 TIONS HERE. 
 
 question of how Christianity in its strictly sectarian as- 
 -* pects flourishes in the land discovered and built up by those 
 to whom all the other creeds are more or less opposed, is 
 one of more general interest to those at a distance, perhaps, 
 than those who are daily witnesses of the situation, and yet 
 not devoid of interest here at home. Also, the founding, the 
 founders and the general status of each of the organizations 
 are matters of no little concern to the reading public at large, 
 while of decided importance to more than a few. The re- 
 straints imposed upon the book as a whole and this depart- 
 ment in particular those of time and space are apparent, 
 so that great particularity and elaboration are not to be looked 
 for; but enough is given to make the showing as a whole a 
 very fair one. 
 
 PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 THE House of Bishops of this organization held a special 
 session in October, 1866, and created a new missionary field 
 of which Utah was part, and the well and favorably known 
 minister Daniel S. Tuttle was assigned thereto. He was 
 
306 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 preceded to Utah by his helpers, Revs. George W. Foote 
 and T. W. Haskins, they arriving in May, 18^7. They 
 secured the old Independence Hall, Salt Lake City, and here 
 the first services were held. The mission was given the 
 name of St. Mark's. Bishop Tuttle arrived July 2d, 1867. 
 A school was soon established as an adjunct, which grew 
 vigorously, converts became numerous, and a fine school 
 building was erected on East First South Street. To this es- 
 tablishment is due the honor of holding the first school com 
 mencement. It is needless to say the church is in a flourish- 
 ing condition. At this writing the bishopric is vacant 
 through the death of Rev. Abiel Leonard. 
 
 Ground was broken in June, 1870, for a grand cathedral, 
 which was finished September 3, 1871. The church has 
 many other institutions and several branches in Utah, all 
 doing well, among them the widely known and largely pat- 
 ronized Rowland Hall. 
 
 This institution (an excellent cut of which appears here- 
 with) is one of the well known and widely popular creations 
 of our Episcopal friends. It was 23 years old on September 
 9, 1903. Its aim is to give intellectual training, combined 
 with social culture and Christian influence, and special atten- 
 tion is given to the manners, habits and conversation of pupils, 
 as well as to their studies. The hall is located in a healthful 
 and attractive portion of Salt Lake City, and is so arranged, 
 equipped and conducted as to be not only a school but a well- 
 ordered home. It was established for the convenience of 
 those desiring to prepare their daughters for Eastern colleges 
 (or give them a finished education without sending them 
 East), and in this connection it is proper to say that its cer- 
 tificate admits to either Smith or Wellesley colleges, this 
 being the only college recognized by Eastern ones as a pre- 
 paratory school. 
 
 Very Rev. James B. Eddie is Vice-Rector and Chaplain; 
 Miss Clara I. Colburne, A. B., is Principal, having held the 
 position for ten years. The faculty otherwise are as follows : 
 
308 U1AH AS IT IS. 
 
 Miss Martha K. Humphrey (Smith College), Mathematics 
 and Science; Miss Annie Starling, English; Miss Katharine 
 Russell, Latin and History; Miss Henrietta English, French 
 and German; Miss Miriam Starling, Preparatory Department, 
 Grades V, VI and VII; Miss Sarah J. Simpson, Preparatory 
 Department, Grades I, II, Illand IV; Miss Gratia Flanders. 
 Piano and Musical Literature; Mrs. Chas. Plummer, Vocal 
 Music; Mrs. Franc Elliot, Supervisor of Drawing; Mrs. R. H. 
 Cabell, Matron; Miss Louise Sissa, Home Mother. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 IN 1869, Rev. Sheldon Jackson, who had previously been 
 appointed superintendent of missions for this region, estab- 
 lished Presbyterianism at Corinne, Utah, and placed Rev. M. 
 Hughes in charge. The church was organized with ten 
 members on July 14, 1870, and a building for worship was 
 soon erected. In July, 1871, it was decided to establish a 
 mission in Salt Lake City, and in September, 1871, Rev. 
 Josiah Welsh was duly installed as pastor. The organization 
 here (also with ten members) was on November 12. 1871. 
 A lot was purchased some time after and an edifice for con- 
 gregational services begun in the spring of 1874, being dedi- 
 cated October ii of the same year. The present pastor is 
 Rev. Dr. W. M. Paden, a man of great energy and ability, his 
 term having proved quite successful. The church has 
 branches all through the State, these being without exception 
 in a flourishing condition. 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 THIS organization (as such) entered Utah in 1869, the 
 entry being made by Rev. L. Hartsough, who visited and 
 preached in Salt Lake City. He was subsequently appointed 
 
THE OTHER CHURCHES. 309 
 
 superintendent of the Utah mission. In the Spring of 1870 
 Rev. G. M. Pierce was appointed to this work and held his 
 first service on May 15, in the loft of Faust & Houtz' 
 livery stable, which subsequently did service as the arena in 
 which the United States court held sway. Soon after a 
 church building was opened and dedicated at Corinne. On 
 August 8, 1872, in Salt Lake City, the Rocky Mountain 
 Conference, embracing Utah, Montana, Idaho and part of 
 Wyoming, was organized. Like the Episcopals,the first regular 
 service was held in Independence Hall, the date being May 
 15, 1870, In December, 1871, the lower story of the church 
 building which had been contracted for and under construc- 
 tion for some little time, was temporarily enclosed and in it 
 the services were thereafter held. It became a fine building, 
 costing over $So,ooo. Of course this is not the only structure 
 our Methodist friends have. They are an exceedingly ener- 
 getic people and have kept things going until their ramifica- 
 tions are abundant in the metropolis and throughout the State. 
 Rev. J. L. Leilich is the present presiding elder. 
 
 LUTHERAN CHURCH. 
 
 THE most numerous membership of this organization is 
 that of the Swedish Lutheran Zion Church, which was or- 
 ganized July 18, 1882, with five members. Since its organ- 
 ization it has enrolled no less than four hundred members. 
 It stands now as the largest Lutheran congregation in the 
 State. Its church properly is centrally located in one of the 
 finest residence parts and at the same time near to the busi- 
 ness portion of the city. The church property is valued at 
 $40,000 and the congregation owns one of the finest par- 
 sonages in the city. Besides this, there are the English* 
 German and Norwegian Lutherans, each with a goodly 
 membership and prospects. 
 
310 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 What can be said to the credit of the congregation is that 
 it owes not a cent on its church property. 
 
 The different societies in the church are in a flourishing 
 condition. The services are well attended. The church has 
 always treated its pastors well, which accounts for the fact 
 that during twenty years the church has not had more than 
 three pastors, the present incumbent having taken charge 
 within two years. The first pastor was J. A. Krantz, now of 
 Duluth, Minn. He was succeeded by F. A. Linder, now of 
 Marquette, Mich. Following him was A. P. Martin now of 
 Chicago, 111. Rev. P. E. Asley was his successor. The 
 present incumbent of the pastoral office, Rev. Emanuel 
 Rydberg, arrived here from Chicago, where he left an im- 
 portant charge to come to the Zion Church and to the super- 
 intendency of the Swedish Lutheran missions in the State. 
 He took charge in April, 1902, and his efforts have been 
 crowned with success not only in the local work, but also in 
 the State, he having organized no less than three new congre- 
 gations within a year. The Zion church desires to continue, 
 as it hitherto has been, a beacon of light and hope to the 
 thousands of Swedish inhabitants in Salt Lake. 
 
 BAPTIST CHURCH, 
 
 AFTER some more or less intangible beginnings, the Bap- 
 tists effected an organization in Salt Lake City, on February, 
 1872, Rev. Mr. Brown, of EvanstOn, Wyo., officiating. In July, 
 1882, Rev. Dwight Spencer reinaugurated the work, regular 
 services beginning in October following. He secured help 
 and soon began the erection of a church building, the corner 
 stone of which was laid on Aug. 26, 1883, Gov. Murray pre- 
 siding. Rev. H. G. DeWitt became the first regular pastor 
 in March, 1884. It has grown quite vigorously and has a 
 
THE OTHER CHURCHES. 311 
 
 number of branch organizations in Salt Lake City and 
 throughout the State, besides several auxiliary societies. 
 
 Rev. D. Arthur Brown is pastor of the First Baptist 
 Church and Rev. Frank Barnett of the East Side Church, 
 Salt Lake City. 
 
 THE JEWS. 
 
 THE Jewish element in our midst a large and respec- 
 able aggregation are entitled to mention in this department, 
 albeit they do no proselyting whatever and represent a nation 
 or race as well as a religion. The first to come to Utah were 
 a young couple, Julius G. Brooks and wife, who finally set- 
 tled in Salt Lake City. Their numbers slowly increased and 
 are still increasing, and embrace some names well known 
 throughout the country. A minyan was established on Sept. 
 18, 1866, and meetings have been held ever since. In 1874 
 there were enough members to form a regular organization, 
 to which was given the name "B'nai Israel." A modest syna- 
 gogue was soon erected and in 1885 a rabbi was secured in 
 the person of Rev. Leon Strauss of Eutaula, Ala., he re- 
 maining but one year. The synagogue property was sold in 
 1889 and with the funds thus realized and subscriptions from 
 increasing membership the Jews were able to support a min- 
 ister and secured the services of Rev. Herman J. Elkin, of 
 Cincinnati, as Rabbi. A lot was then purchased on Fourth 
 East Street and a beautiful and commodious synagogue was 
 constructed at a cost of over $30,000, another one being now 
 completed. The present rabbi is Rev. L. G. Reynolds. 
 
 UNITARIAN CHURCH. 
 
 THE only Unitarian church in Utah was organized in 
 February, 1891, in Salt Lake City, by Rev. David Utter, the 
 ope being W, H, Fish, Jr, Its first services were, 
 
312 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 conducted in the Salt Lake Theatre but it now has a more 
 appropriate housing in a building on Second East street, be- 
 tween First and Second South. The church has gro\vn 
 steadily in membership and influence. 
 
 CENTRAL CHRISTIAN CHURCH. 
 
 THIS church was organized in Salt Lake City in April, 
 1890, with twelve members. The first pastor was Rev. W. 
 F. Cowden, the present one being Rev. T. W. Pinkerton. It 
 is a missionary organization and as such receives aid from 
 the Board of Missions; it has recently completed a fine church 
 building in an eligible location and is doing well in a general 
 way. 
 
 IT is not pretended that the foregoing is an exhaustive 
 showing of the religious element otherwise than the Mor- 
 mon and Catholic churches. There are several branches of 
 most of them, some of them having different names; their 
 are also the Christian Scientists, the Reorganized or Josephite 
 church and the Congregationalists, each with quite a numer- 
 ous and respectable membership, and becoming places of 
 worship. The space for church mention, which was deemed 
 ample at the beginning, is exhausted at this point. 
 
IRRIGATION & AGRICULTURE. 
 
 INTER-DEPENDENT INDUSTRIES STILL GROW- 
 ING. 
 
 AS HAS been shown elsewhere in this volume, irrigation 
 owes its existence as an applied science to agriculture, 
 and vice versa. The proportions attained by either are utterly 
 past elucidation, and except in a general and aggregated 
 way the same is true as to the visible results of the union of 
 the two. The number of incorporated irrigation com- 
 panies, some of them very great as to capitalization and 
 areas covered, would make a formidable array if published 
 all together; while the unincorporated and individual systems 
 of land-watering are utterly beyond enumeration or computa- 
 tion. And still there are vast tracts of the finest soil "out of 
 doors" awaiting but the magic touch of irrigation to bloom 
 as a garden and contribute mighty sums to the wealth of the 
 State. Along the line of the San Pedro railroad between 
 Nephi and the southwestern boundary line of Utah, is enough 
 of such land to provide sustenance for the whole population 
 of the United States; at present, except in far-apart spots, it 
 produces sagebrush, jack rabbits and lizards. But the change 
 is coming, slowly enough, of course, yet still coming. 
 
 The principal water supplies are the Utah Lake drain- 
 age, Bear River, the basin of the Sevier River, that of the 
 Uintah, Ogden and Weber rivers, and the country which 
 may be watered from Grand River. Of these the first two 
 
314 U1AH AS II IS. 
 
 sections contain the greater part of the population of the 
 State. 
 
 In a recent article Mr. T. B. Hollister, a hydrographer 
 of note, declares that the streams draining into Utah valley 
 and Great Salt Lake, viz.: Provo River, Spanish Fork, Amer- 
 ican Fork, City Creek, Parley's Creek and Mill Creek, are of 
 special importance, as on them depends not only the supply 
 for the irrigation of rich valley lands, but the generation of 
 extensive power and the supply of Salt Lake City and other 
 nearby communities. The power utilized on Provo River 
 and the power plant on American Fork give excellent 
 examples of the value of the streams in this direction, while 
 the largest power plant in the State is located in Ogden can- 
 yon. 
 
 The second section whose streams have received the at- 
 tention of the geographical survey is that drained by Bear 
 River, especially the tributaries which enter the fertile Cache 
 valley. Logan River, Blacksmith Fork, Cub River, Bear and 
 Little Bear, are all being systematically gauged. Bear River 
 is assuming additional importance on account of the new 
 canal to divert p irt of its water to irrigate a tract of land on 
 the east side of Cache valley. Blacksmith Fork is also a 
 stream of much importance and a knowledge of its flow is of 
 value, as it provides water for six irrigation canals and one 
 large power canal. For the first twenty-five miles of its 
 course, this river like many other Utah streams, descends 
 rapidly through a precipitous canyon and affords excellent 
 water-power facilities. Another stream in this section which 
 is being measured by Prof. Swendsen, and which is of great 
 importance, is Logan River, its entire supply of water, 160 to 
 170 cubic feet per second, being used for irrigation during 
 the low water season. 
 
 The drainage area of Sevier river forms a section by it- 
 self. With proper storage at the foot of the various valleys 
 through which it passes, there would be water sufficient to 
 irrigate a considerable acreage, but it is necessary to obtain a 
 
IRRIGA TION AND A GRICUL TURE. 315 
 
 better knowledge of the flood flow. Less accurate informa- 
 tion has been obtained regarding this section than any other 
 referred to. 
 
 As has been previously shown, Utah introduced the sys- 
 tem in the United States and has kept in the lead right 
 along. Co-operation is the keynote to her success in this 
 and other respects. Mr. R. P. Teele, a Government expert, 
 shows that in other parts of the West co-operation has built 
 many small canals and a few good-sized ones, but capita) has 
 built most of them. In Utah, with but few exceptions, the 
 canals have been built by those who must use them. The 
 irrigators are their own "water lords," and are subject to no 
 exactions but those placed upon themselves. How much 
 this means can only be understood by those who have seen 
 the evils of trying to farm under a canal whose owners are 
 not the water-users, and who run the canal for a profit on the 
 investment. 
 
 In the matter of water rights Utah stands at the head. 
 In the other States and Territories the first appropriator 
 from a stream obtains a right to a constant flow of whatever 
 volume he has appropriated. The next appropriator does 
 the same, subject to the rights of his predecessor. This con- 
 tinues down to the last appropriator. In times of shortage 
 the last appropriator is cut off entirely, while the others 
 draw their full supply even though they might be better off 
 with less water. As the shortage becomes greater the 
 water-users ^are cut off in turn, the earlier ones still drawing 
 a full supply, until but one canal, perhaps, is drawing any 
 water used by a farmer. These streams are then used in 
 turn by those having rights to their use, instead of being di- 
 vided into smaller streams, one of which is used constantly 
 by each holder of a right. The Utah practice is rapidly be- 
 ing adopted in other regions, but was for a long time peculiar 
 to that State. 
 
 The last computed report of the State Statistician 
 showed the total farming acreage to be 1,301,826, the acreage 
 
316 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 under fence 956,428 and the acreage under cultivation 507,- 
 115. The production of wheat was 1,719,106 bushels, an 
 average per acre of 17.5; of oats, 1,2^8,277 bushels, an aver- 
 age of 32.9; corn, 177,997 bushels, average 19.10; of pota- 
 toes, 1,355,722, average 134.3. These figures, excepting the 
 averages, would all show some increase for this year, but 
 probably not more than 10 per cent, depending chiefly upon 
 the additional number of people who have gone into farming, 
 and this is not great, certainly not more than the percentage 
 stated. 
 
 In this connection, reference should be made to the great 
 Irrigation Congress held at Ogden in September, 1903. The 
 proceedings have been printed in book form and the interested 
 reader is referred to this for information. 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY AND COUNTY B&II.DINC. 
 
MINES AND MINING. 
 
 ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF OUR GIANT INDUS- 
 TRY. 
 
 UTAH'S developments in aid of the economic world and 
 all other ways, is a great story too big for this little 
 book to be able, more than partially, to unfold. What the 
 State has done, is still doing and for many years will con- 
 tinue to do in the way of home-making, home-building and 
 home-improving, is of course inconceivable, and therefore 
 goes with an incomplete yet reasonably comprehensive show- 
 ing herein; the chief object is to show how, where, when and 
 by whom all the elements of growth originated here and how 
 as well as by what circumstances they have reached their 
 periods of evolution, without going painfully into statistics. 
 As to this phase of the question, no other subject is so full of 
 real, material, widespread interest as that of mining. By 
 reason of our mines and their ceaseless products, we reach a 
 wider and more comprehensive circle of people and places 
 within the great zones of civilization and progress than could 
 have been found by any other human agency. 
 
 In this department the matter is, as is mainly the case 
 elsewhere, general and descriptive, rather than statistical. The 
 book is not a gazetteer, but aims at giving the origin, pro- 
 gress and present development of our various enterprises with 
 so much ,of particularity as circumstances may permit and 
 conditions make necessary. To give the story of mining in 
 Utah in detail would require not merely a volume but a li- 
 
318 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 brary, and then it would not be perfectly told. In fact, the 
 word "mining" has come to be used in a much wider and 
 more comprehensive sense than the dictionaries authorize, 
 embracing as it does, for instance, boring for oil. In this lat- 
 ter respect Utah has not yet shown up its well known posses- 
 sions to any great extent, but every day, every hour, brings 
 us nearer to the attainment of such productiveness in the 
 matter of petroleum, paraffin, etc., as will attract the attention 
 of the world, the quantity being already shown to be unlimited 
 as far as human judgment can determine, while the quality 
 is equal to any on earth. In the carbons and hydrocarbons 
 also, many of the accessible ranges and many more others 
 not yet reached by railway, are to be found in practically in- 
 exhaustible quantities enough to last the world for ages to 
 come, no doubt. 
 
 THE FIRST MINING HERE. 
 
 THERE was no record made, at least none handed down 
 of the first mining done in Utah. Some time, perhaps a 
 very long time, before the advent of the white race in these 
 mountain retreats the industry was carried on, though of 
 course in a restricted fashion, corresponding with the primi- 
 tive methods then in vogue. There are now in various parts 
 of the State, and for that matter ail over the Pacific Coast, 
 abundant evidences of the burrowing propensities of the 
 aboriginal Mexicans and Spaniards. These of course mined 
 only for the more precious of the precious metals and for the 
 useful ones not at all, the reasons for this being obvious 
 enough they could not with their means of extraction go very 
 far in the matter of development, so that everything must 
 be high grade "from the grass roots," to use a common mining 
 expression and with the mechanism employed in the reduc- 
 tion of ores could only handle the best grades, without saving 
 all the metal even in them. After they had gone as for on a 
 
MINES AND MINING. 319 
 
 fissure or deposit as their capabilities would permit, it was 
 apparently their custom to fill up the cavities, at least the 
 most of those old finds that have been unearthed were so 
 treated, either by the Mexicans or by nature, the chances 
 greatly favoring the former. These are good property, as a 
 general thing, when found, for the reason that no want of 
 materials to work on but the means of getting the materials 
 out was oftener than otherwise the cause of abandonment. 
 Such mines would not in all likelihood be found by adhering 
 to the rules generally obtaining among the prospecting fra- 
 ternity; these rely first upon "float," or small detached frag- 
 ments of a vein or outcropping rolled to the place where 
 found from a higher altitude, the exact origin being guessed 
 at and looked for, and when found (if found at all) present- 
 ing to the untrained eye an appearance as much unlike the 
 commonly accepted idea of a repository of precious metals as 
 possible. In the case of the Mexican or Spanish mine, not 
 an upheaval but a depression in the face of nature is the thing 
 to look for, and there being many of these caused by other 
 agencies than the handiwork of man, it follows that one might 
 work for a long time in getting out the "filling" only to find 
 at last that there was literally nothing in it. If one should be 
 struck, however, there would probably be a vastly different 
 tale to tell, but there have been very few such instances up to 
 date. 
 
 THE PROSPECTOR. 
 
 SPEAKING of "finding" things at once suggests the pros- 
 pector that hardy, persistent, courageous, intelligent man 
 who is the inception and mainspring of all the wealth result- 
 ing from unlocking the treasure vaults of nature. He makes 
 the discoveries as a result of his hard labor, perseverance and 
 
320 
 
 U1AH AS 11 IS. 
 
 knowledge gained by the sweat of his brow in the unequal 
 
 struggle with forbidding nature only that others may reap 
 
 the benefit later on. Sometimes he runs out of provisions 
 
 and equipment for work 
 after a whole season's 
 blasting, digging and 
 shoveling, buoyed up by 
 the hope that the next 
 foot or ^o must "show 
 up" what he is after, and 
 finally the last ditch is 
 reached and the struggle 
 abandoned when he is, per- 
 haps, within a few inches 
 of the hidden treasure. 
 The amount in dollars 
 and cents represented by 
 THE FAKE PROSPECTOR. this abortive but vigilant 
 
 and wearing toil, in the region west of the Rocky Mountains, 
 
 reckoning by day's labor at fair wages and the expense of 
 
 maintenance, can never 
 
 be imagined, let alone 
 
 computed. It passes the 
 
 limit defined by seven 
 
 figures and possibly that 
 
 of eight, and all there is 
 
 to show for the enormous 
 
 outlay of toil and money 
 
 are the numerous holes in 
 
 the ground and attendant 
 
 mounds, mutely eloquent 
 
 reminders of the ceaseless 
 
 struggle in which at such 
 
 points stubborn old nature 
 
 successfully resisted the THE REAL THING. 
 
 attacks made upon her flinty breastworks. After several 
 
MINES AND MINING. 321 
 
 such reverses the weary prospector, despondent, broken 
 down, his resolution about gone, wanders into civilization to 
 subsist as best he can until the snows again disappear, and 
 then if he can prevail upon some one having the means to 
 equip him with a "grub stake," he sallies forth once more to 
 storm the crags and if possible force an entrance into the sil- 
 ver-lined and gold-framed portals of Pluto. If he fails to get the 
 necessary backing, the jig is up, of course, unless he is re- 
 sourceful and raises means on his own account. The fact 
 that it has steadily became more and more difficult to get a 
 stake is by no means because men of capital with mining 
 tendencies are close and grasping as a rule they are very 
 much the reverse; but so many fakirs have intruded into the 
 grand army of prospectors, men who obtain money and 
 either through indolence, ignorance or a disposition to de- 
 fraud perhaps all three do nothing for it, that speculators 
 have become wary and the upright worker has to suffer for 
 the sins of the other class. Perhaps, however, he may suc- 
 ceed, and if he makes a "strike" he seldom loses time in mak- 
 ing his way to town and seeking the most available and 
 promising means of realizing something upon his success. 
 With this accomplished you will soon see him with a brand 
 new suit of badly-fitting clothes in which a blue flannel shirt 
 and a flaming necktie are conspicuous, with a clean shave 
 and (alas!) a jag that proclaims its existence from every line- 
 ament and at every speech, and a breath that would burn a 
 hole in a blanket. With all this, he is seldom bad, always 
 liberal and as honest as the common run of men ever get to 
 be. As shown, he does more hard work that avails him noth- 
 ing and gets less for what he actually produces than any 
 other man on earth as a rule; he is the mainspring of com- 
 merce, one of the bulwarks of civilization, an evangel of prog- 
 ress, and the strong right arm of enterprise. He is entitled 
 to a monument, and if I ever succeed in disposing of any of 
 
322 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 my numerous locations to advantage, I will see that he 
 has it. 
 
 THE PIONEER MINE AND DISTRICT. 
 
 THE first attention that was given to the extraction and 
 treatment of ores in a systematic way related entirely to 
 those which are indispensable to mankind in his civilized 
 state iron and lead, the former not having received so much 
 attention. As far back as 1858 it became known that there 
 were great veins and deposits of lead near the young town of 
 Minersville, in Beaver County; also that Iron County abound- 
 ed in the ore from which it derived its name. In the case of 
 the lead deposits it was deemed advisable to work them to 
 some extent for the purpose of keeping the settlers in that 
 and some other parts of the Territory supplied with bullets 
 for protection against Indians and wild beasts, also for many 
 other things of daily requirement. Accordingly work was 
 commenced on a fissure which yielded handsomely from the 
 beginning and has since contributed many thousands of dol- 
 lars in gold, silver and lead to the world's wealth. It was 
 quite an item for those days, with supply points so far away 
 and freights so high, to be able to produce all the lead which 
 the people needed at a trifling cost, but it was done and kept 
 up for some time. All the while, as depth was gained, it 
 was noticeable that the metal became gradually harder and 
 without any of the scientific apparatus in vogue with which 
 to make tests, intuition and experience united told the workers 
 that the cause of the increasing hardness was the presence in 
 an enlarging percentage of lead's almost invariable associate, 
 silver. It then ceased to be a merchantable article for a time, 
 for two reasons it was a loss of money to sell the white 
 metal at the cost of the blue, and there were no available 
 means at that time of separating the two. Thus it was that 
 Utah lead in the early sixties ceased to be a factor of com- 
 
MINES AND MINING. 323 
 
 merce in the Territory of Utah, but it was the foundation 
 of the mining industry in this community. I have been 
 reading an account which places the credit point in Little Cot- 
 tonwood canyon, another locating it near Stockton as the 
 work of Colonel Connor's soldiers in 1862. Neither of these 
 is anywhere near correct, and for the benefit of those who 
 require exact information on the subject, the foregoing is pre- 
 sented as the facts in the case. Not only was the extraction 
 of ores from the old Rollins lead mine, as it was called, in 
 1858, the first mining done in Utah by civilized agencies, but 
 the region of country in which it is situated became the first 
 organized mining district in the Territory; this was accom- 
 plished in 1861, the name Lincoln being given it, which name 
 was also subsequently given to the old lead mine. It and the 
 adjoining properties have since been worked systematically 
 and thoroughly by capitalized companies representing other 
 parts of the Union as well as Utah, and in the district other 
 locations have been made in later years until now there are 
 fully 100 recorded claims. Some of these have been great 
 producers and will probably be such again, as, while the total 
 amount of work done in the district represents hundreds of 
 thousands of dollars, the development is comparatively su- 
 perficial. 
 
 As Lincoln is the pioneer district and contains the origi- 
 nal as well as for a long time the only mine of Utah, it is en- 
 titled to a little more than a mere mention in this article. 
 Perhaps there was not one soul in attendance when the virgin 
 soil was broken and the glistening galena first reflected the 
 light of the sun, nor any one else into whose mind there en- 
 tered even a suggestion that following in the wake of that 
 rude beginning in the years shortly to come would be an in- 
 dustry rivaling all others in our midst and second in import- 
 ance on similar Jines of occupation to those of but very few 
 in the sisterhood of commonwealths; but so it was. That 
 other localities were prospected, mines located and some few 
 worked before the pioneer district became generally known 
 
324 U1AH AS IT IS. 
 
 to the commercial world through its products and its produc- 
 tive capacity, does not take from it one jot or tittle of its 
 right to the title deeds falling to it as the Genesis of these 
 great industries in our midst; nor does the other and prevail- 
 ing fact that it has been measurably idle for several years 
 contribute in the least toward diminishing its wealth of min- 
 erals laid away in the great storehouses of nature and waiting 
 for the further enterprise and labor of man to bring them 
 into the light of day and make them useful to our race and 
 time. 
 
 The special drawbacks to the pioneer district have been 
 partly natural and partly artificial, the latter being chiefly in- 
 experience, ignorance, mismanagement and the inability to 
 cause speculators and investors to understand the situation as 
 it is. The other detriment is a vein of living water cut right 
 through at a low level in the Lincoln shaft. This was in 
 1872, when a town (or "camp") of considerable proportions 
 had gathered in the principal gulch, some 100 houses having 
 been built and 500 or 600 people occupying them, with all 
 lines of business peculiar to such places flourishing. The 
 Lincoln was then in the heyday of prosperity, many 
 men were employed, shipments were regular, and as 
 the property exhibited no symptoms of declining in 
 either quantity or quality of its products, a great future 
 seemed to be in store for it. Not only tnis, but by reason of 
 its operations and promise other mines in the district were 
 being worked with a will, some shipping ore and others near- 
 ing as rapidly as possible the point at which this could be 
 done, the Lincoln being thus a sort of industrial cynosure or 
 nucleus for the others, which acted more or less in sympathy 
 with it. 
 
 THE NEXT MOVEMENT 
 
 Of a systematic character in the direction of mining develop- 
 ment was by the enlisted men of General Connor's command 
 
MINES AND MINING. 325 
 
 at Fort Douglas. In 1863 the General issued an order an- 
 nouncing with more or less high-sounding phrase the exist- 
 ence of wealth-bearing deposits in the mountains of Utah and 
 assuring those who desired to prospect and open up the treas- 
 ure houses of nature that they should have encouragement 
 and protection if need be or words to that effect. Not only 
 this, but the soldiers themselves were given permission to 
 scale the heights, storm the crags and reduce to personal 
 possession the profit-bearing fissures of old mother Earth. 
 The year following, or at least not long after the promulga- 
 tion of this remarkable edict, several companies of troops 
 were ordered to Rush Valley, Tooele county, where there 
 was better grazing grounds for the animals than anywhere 
 near the fort. Early in the spring of 1864 this detachment 
 camped at what has since been the town of Stockton, and 
 prospecting became one of the first and most assiduously fol- 
 lowed employments. They soon organized as a part of 
 West Mountain mining district (this being the second, I be- 
 lieve, in the Territory), covering an enormous scope of coun- 
 try which embraced Bingham Canyon; the miners on the west 
 side of the Oquirrh range subsequently, however, met and 
 organized separately as Rush Lake Valley district. Many 
 locations were made, some of which proved to be very rich, 
 but the vast majority, as in most other cases, not amounting 
 to much on the average. The fortunes of this region have 
 fluctuated considerably and at this writing seem to be on the 
 up grade with somewhat more of a promise of stable pros- 
 perity. 
 
 THE MINES OF BINGHAM. 
 
 THE vast and numerous producers of Bingham, which 
 number such giants as the Highland Boy, Utah Consolidated, 
 Butler-Liberal and many others, were discovered the same 
 year as, perhaps a Httle earlier than, those of the west side of 
 
326 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 the range, but there is less definiteness regarding the event 
 or events, since, from all accounts, there appears to have been 
 a series of them with nothing definite of record as to the first 
 location. It seems to have been regarded at first as a silver- 
 lead district, but subsequently developed gold and copper in 
 large quantities. Its sluicing operations for fine gold and 
 nuggets have been a marked feature for years and are still 
 going on in a desultory way, with more or less profit to those 
 engaged in them. "The Old Reliable." as it is called, thus 
 affords many a dollar to those who otherwise v,ould be un- 
 able to get it. 
 
 A SHADY BEGINNING. 
 
 THE first mine to bring Utah into close communion with 
 the outside world was the notorious Emma of Little Cotton- 
 wood. With its advent upon the field of commerce came also 
 others in the same neighborhood, and the camp which grew 
 up in the summits of the mountains at the head of that can- 
 yon was appropriately named Alta. It was a very lively lit- 
 tle place for a time, containing at different periods as many as 
 1000 persons, chiefly men, although th^re were a few fam- 
 ilies. It was a rigorous place to live in during the winter 
 season, the snow sometimes being twenty feet or more in 
 depth, and several lives were lost there by reason of ava- 
 lanches. It must also be said of the Emma that it did not 
 stop with making for us a new commercial chain with the 
 great centers of the earth, but came near destroying its off- 
 spring by precipitating upon the mining industry specifically 
 and upon the whole Territory incidentally one of the most 
 stupendous and disgusting frauds ever worked upon an un- 
 suspecting world. 
 
 The Emma was discovered in 1863 by a couple of pros- 
 pectors who seemed to have no particular object in view, but 
 were disposed to keep their eyes open and be ever on the 
 
MINES AND MINING. 327 
 
 lookout for the "main chance." The "croppings" or top rock 
 projecting from a ledge above the surface of the point which 
 was afterwards christened as above attracted their attention 
 and after examination it was decided to make a location. 
 Not much was done in the way of development and the work 
 went slowly along, only about one hundred tons of ore being 
 taken out the first year. Subsequently some Utah parties, 
 the Woodhulls, Captain Woodman, Joseph R. Walker and 
 others of greater or lesser periods of residence became 
 owners, then came Trenor W. Park and H. H, Baxter from 
 the East, who also acquired interest in the property, which 
 had been undergoing some litigation. The attention of others 
 was attracted to the property and an arrangement entered 
 into on the basis of effecting an English sale, and here we 
 have the foundation of the great scandal. It is related, not 
 as a matter of recorded history but as something passing 
 from mouth to mouth, that the highest valuation ever placed 
 on the Emma previous to the raid made on our foreign cous- 
 ins was said to be $250,000, and this after the ledge had nar- 
 rowed down from one of goodly proportions to the thickness 
 of a knife-blade and was followed until it opened out into a 
 chamber of ore. Those who are familiar with either geolog- 
 ical laws or practical mining to a considerable extent will 
 readily endorse the statement that great chambers generally 
 run out in about the same way that they come in all at 
 once. They are likely to be immense while they last, and 
 with people who are new to the business to deal with and in 
 a virgin district, such deposits for "fleecing" purposes cannot 
 be beaten. Of course the speculators knew this, and they 
 did nothing to diminish their stock in trade. This has little if 
 any reference to the Utah owners and investors, who seemed 
 to be acting in good faith all along, and through whose oper- 
 ations the first lot of bullion ever run out in Utah was pro- 
 duced; this was placed in a wagon and paraded in triumph 
 up and down Main street of Salt Lake City. 
 
 _ With the exception noted, which occurring so early in 
 
328 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 our mining career finds the one excuse of newness and cor- 
 respondingly raw conditions, Utah has been as in everything 
 else a shining mark. No community and no class of people 
 can at all times and in every case control individual acts; so 
 that, even now, frauds may be attempted and perhaps carried 
 out on a small scale; but these are so sternly frowned down, so 
 little comfort is given to the perpetrators, that the example 
 made is an effectual preventive of infection; and it is now per- 
 fectly proper to show to the world that mining in our midst is 
 on the same plane as are other legitimate enterprises, being 
 amply encouraged by results and fully protected at all stages 
 by law. 
 
 TINTIC MINING DISTRICT. 
 
 THIS district comes next in order of general mention, hav- 
 ing been established in 1869, late in the year. To the Sun- 
 beam location is accredited the distinction of being the first, 
 though some little prospecting had taken place before. The 
 district is now, and has been for years, the home of some of 
 the greatest mines of the world. It is ten by fifteen miles in 
 area, the long way running north and south. The ores aver- 
 age higher in value and the lower workings are freer from 
 water than is the case with any of the old districts of the 
 State, and while all the others have to get along with not 
 more than one town of consequence each, Tintic has five 
 Eureka, Silver City, Mammoth, Diamond City and Homans- 
 ville. The first of these has almost reached metropolitan pro- 
 portions, being nearly if not quite as populous and business- 
 like as Park City. The belief that Tintic's best days are 
 ahead of it is quite general with those who know and com- 
 prehend, and their faith is one that each day's development 
 does but tend to strengthen. 
 
 The list of mines contained in this district and its environs 
 is a most formidable array. It is estimated that these produce 
 
MINES AND MINING. 329 
 
 (in value) one-third of the total ore shipments of the 
 State. 
 
 TINTIC DISCOVERIES. 
 
 Under this heading a great deal of contradictory mat- 
 ter is extant. It seems impossible in such cases, where no 
 records were kept and those who were on the ground widely 
 separated by death or distance, to get at the exact facts as to 
 every feature. It should also be remembered that because 
 different statements vary they are not of necessity thereby 
 false, nor is either of them. Being the home of one of the mos 
 munificent dividend payers on the Pacific coast the Centent 
 nial Eureka, and one not so very far behind it the Bullion- 
 Beck & Champion, as well as many other high-class mining 
 properties, the history of Tintic is something which should be 
 preserved. 
 
 One authority gives the location of the mine first 
 named as being on the 2nd of June, 1876, and N. P. 
 Lake as the discoverer. It does not follow, however, that 
 Mr. Lake, or any other person associated with him or other- 
 wise was the first to discover pay ore on what is known as 
 Eureka Hill, nor does the honor fall to anyone in so recent a 
 period of time. The writer has had a personal interview 
 with some of the men who were first on that now historic 
 ground and the event occurred in 1869. These were W. L. 
 and B. L. Croff; John Beck, of this city; Peck Brothers, 
 Darwin Walton, Sidney Worsley and some others. They 
 found fine lead s.imples on top of the ground. They dis- 
 covered the Eureka and Eureka Twin mines and did con- 
 siderable work on them. Like Mark Twain, they were un- 
 doubtedly millionaires for awhile but didn't know it. Soon 
 after this the Mammoth mine was discovered and was then 
 called the Crismon-Mammoth, from which I have seen sam- 
 ples that were about one-half pure copper, the rest pretty 
 much pure 'gold; the locators and owners were Charles 
 and George Crismon and the Mclntyres. Other locations at 
 
 "22 
 
330 U1AH AS II IS. 
 
 that time or following soon after were the Sunbeam, Morn- 
 ing-Glory, Undine and others which have achieved wide repu- 
 tations. Such great wealth makers as the Grand Central, 
 Uncle Sam, Tetro and many others are too well known to 
 need extended mention. 
 
 PARK CITY (UINTAH DISTRICT). 
 
 WHERE is now the large and flourishing town of Park 
 City was the scene of the next big mining attraction in 
 chronological order. The beginning here was made with 
 the discovery of the great Ontario mine in 1872, and, as is 
 the case nearly everywhere else, when the first find proves a 
 good one, others follow in rapid succession. In this case, 
 those which followed proved, in a greater number of in- 
 stances than usual, to be worthy associates of a great ex- 
 emplar. As elsewhere, the Park has had its share of tribu- 
 lations consequent upon demonetization and its concomitant 
 evils, besides a destructive fire a few years ago. The place 
 early outgrew its purely mining camp character, and became 
 a. thoroughgoing, pushing town of the first class a city in 
 contemplation of law, being incorporated as such with school 
 houses, churches, fine buildings, large mercantile establish- 
 ments, two railroads, and a population which has been as 
 much as 5000. 
 
 THE ONTARIO MINE. 
 
 Nothing in Utah literature of late years diffuses more of 
 the odor of an Arabian Nights story than the account of the 
 finding and subsequent history of the Ontario mine, Park 
 City. Travelers bound for all parts had passed over the 
 ground and doubtless in many cases placed their feet upon 
 the identical spot where the first piece of ore was found, and 
 which finding was the forerunner of millions and millions of 
 
MINES AND MINING. 331 
 
 wealth being added to the resources of the land. None of 
 them could see anything there but stunted brush, sun-baked 
 stones, an abundance of bushy foliage, and indicative of any- 
 thing on earth but the roof of one of the greatest treasure- 
 house ever contained within the nether domain of nature. 
 How very true it is that one person can see as far into a 
 mountain as another! No man, woman or child knows what 
 he walks over every day, perhaps every hour; and it is, all 
 things considered, just as well that it is so. 
 
 On a warm summer day it being the ipth of July a 
 prospector in Parley's Park made the location which has 
 since bcome famous in the annals of mining. His name was 
 Herman Budden and he was of Austrian nativity, but came 
 here from California. He had followed the business of pros- 
 pecting in the neighborhood of where the location was made 
 for some months, invariably without success. After one of 
 his fruitless jaunts, when coming down the hill and near the 
 bottom, his eye happened by the merest chance to rest upon 
 a projecting rock, which looked like so many others in the 
 neighborhood and at many places where he had been, that 
 it is the greatest wonder, in his tired and more or less faint- 
 hearted condition, that he stopped long enough; but he was 
 made of the material of which the true prospector is com- 
 posed, and he proceeded to knock off a chunk of it with his 
 pick, taking the piece along with him. 
 
 The more he examined the rock the more impressed was 
 he with the belief that it carried mineral, and he decided fi- 
 nally to make the location, which was done, as above stated. 
 Had he been as easily discouraged or as lacking in tenacity 
 and determination as some others who have gone into 
 the business that I know of, there would, in all probability, 
 have been no Ontario mine, with its grand retinue of great 
 wealth-producers and all the adjuncts of civilization and 
 progress in full sway alongside of it; but Budden had the 
 necessary qualities, and the waiting opportunity seized him 
 #s he passed. His hesitation afterward had to be overcome, 
 
332 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 for mere "finds" by prospectors were common enough, and few 
 indeed there were who would risk a dollar or any other sum 
 on them. It was, in fact, and is yet, a rare thing to get a 
 willing investor to make the indispensably prerequisite trip 
 to the discovery, while "float" is also common and by no 
 means an indication of the presence of a ledge; samples are 
 easily obtained almost everywhere, and a "blossom" that is, 
 a small fragment of good rock capping a worthless vein or 
 projection is sometimes found. 
 
 These and other things operate detrimentally to getting 
 a capitalist to undertake the discomfort or undergo the ex- 
 pense of sending a trustworthy representative to examine 
 the find. But the silent and unseen agency which brought 
 Budden to the outcropping rock, dissipated one by one the 
 other obstacles. Next day after the location he and his 
 partner went to work on the claim. After excavating a few 
 feet, and finding the vein to be not only a true one but 
 readily widening out, they concluded to sell out lest it go 10 
 narrowing again, a la Emma, and it was offered for $5000. 
 Nobody wanted it, so they kept on, the. continued develop- 
 ment having the effect of steadily raising the price, and after 
 it had reached $30,000 a bond was taken on it for fifteen days 
 by Mr. Al.Guiwitz, well known hereabout. About this time the 
 late R. C. Chambers, who was then operating mining property 
 elsewhere in the joint interest of himself and the late Senator 
 Hearst of California, was in Salt Lake City, and the latter, 
 having heard of the Ontario property, suggested to Mr. Cham- 
 bers that he make an inspection of it, which was done. His 
 identity being known, and his wealthy connections understood, 
 he was unable to secure the mine at anything like a reason- 
 able figure, as it was then considered, so a third party was 
 brought into play. The bond previously given had run out, 
 and the stranger secured the property for $30,000. A large 
 force was put to work, the great lode became greater, and 
 Chambers was all at once a millionaire! His partner had 
 been one previously, but his fortunes were greatly reinforced 
 
MINES AND MINING. 333 
 
 by the Ontario purchase, which up to date has yielded about 
 $40,000,000, and paid some $15,000,000 in dividends, and is 
 still one of the greatest properties in existence. Similar 
 things could be said of the great Silver King, the Daly- West, 
 Daly, and in fact all the more prominent mines of Park City, 
 making it the centre of incomputable mineral wealth. 
 
 CAMP FLOYD DISTRICT. 
 
 THIS district was organized in 1870; at least, practical 
 mining was commenced in that year, and organization fol- 
 lowed hard upon. It was buffeted by fate for some time, 
 now up and then down, but oftener down, until finally it 
 dropped out of sight altogether and became a negation in 
 mining circles. This only serves as another example of the 
 solemn fact, that unpropitious conditions in mining are to the 
 persevering and capable oftener than otherwise but the fore- 
 runners of prosperity; nature having done her part will do 
 no more, her children must do the rest. 
 
 In 1 88 1 a German prospector located the Mercur mine 
 and spent a considerable sum in labor and means developing 
 it; but fortune eluded him, because of the general ignorance 
 of mankind at that time as to that class of ore and not know- 
 ing how to treat it. It could not, of course, be kept a secret 
 forever, and is well enough known of all men now -at least 
 all of those within the "charmed circle." What was set down 
 as a worthless piece of property is now one of the greatest 
 producers in the country, and is surrounded by numerous 
 others, some of them quite as promising. A good-sized town 
 has grown up, and it is quite as far-famed as the mine. 
 
 MARYSVALE GOLD MOUNTAIN. 
 
 ABOUT 160 miles a little west of south of Salt Lake City 
 the well-known town of Marysvale was founded and the 
 
MINES AND MINING. 335 
 
 adjacent mineral zones discovered. For some years it 
 flourished like a green bay tree, then the silver slump set 
 in and this region received its full share if not somewhat 
 more of the hard luck following. The town held together, 
 however, there being enough of the element which does not 
 yield to discouragements to accomplish this, and instead of 
 crying over spilt milk some of the men concluded to look for 
 something else than silver, and they succeeded to such an 
 extent that for several years past the district and the neigh- 
 boring country are more noted for gold than they were previ- 
 ously for silver. The country contains such famous producers as 
 the Sevier, Wedge (Horse Heaven), Dalton, Annie Laurie, Pay- 
 master, Crystal, Bully Boy, Webster, Clyde and many 
 others; while the number of properties which are not so 
 well known but are still known to hold within their embrace 
 gold and other metal-bearing ores of such extent and rich- 
 ness as will soon bring them to the front is much greater. 
 From the Wedge, values per ton have been taken out which 
 amounted to nearly $1,200 per ton, and the quantity is not 
 limited either. Great values have, indeed, been taken from 
 all the developed and many of the partly developed proper- 
 ties, going to show that the region when brought up to some- 
 thing approaching its capacity is a veritable Johannesburg, if 
 not even ahead of that South African Golconda. 
 
 As only generalizations regarding beginnings, and prog- 
 ress can be given, except such specifications as are needed 
 to illustrate peculiar or conspicuous features, it becomes 
 necessary to refrain from further mention of a part of 
 Utah's territory concerning which a book of large size might 
 be written and then the whole story not be told. 
 
 SENATOR LEWIS' GREAT ENTERPRISES. 
 
 BEAVER County is receiving a goodly share of attention 
 in these pages, for reasons already partly shown. But all is 
 
MINES AND MINING. 337 
 
 not yet told. The story of the splendid work of economic 
 redemption accomplished by Senator A. B. Lewis, referred 
 to in his personal sketch, does not fully represent his great 
 achievements by any means, nor can it be done here; but 
 something nearer an approximation can be had. When first 
 he dawned upon the scene here the locality in which he 
 subsequently pitched his tent and made his headquarters was 
 not an inviting field by any means. It had been worked 
 over and, as some believed, practically exhausted. After a 
 careful, thorough examination he concluded otherwise and at 
 once began to show his faith by his works. After operating 
 in Lincoln district for a while, making it better known than 
 it had ever been before, he turned his attention to the other 
 side of Beaver valley and soon the commercial and mining 
 world was introduced to that gigantic enterprise, the Majestic 
 Copper Mining & Smelting Company, whose great smelter 
 the second greatest in the country was completed in 
 October, 1903, and made a highly successful and profit- 
 able experimental run of forty davs, then suspended for a 
 time awaiting the further development of the company's 
 fields. It should, in this connection, be mentioned that the 
 wonderful Cactus group, because of which the town of 
 Newhouse and one of the greatest pipe lines in this western 
 region now exist, was one of the acquisitions of Mr. Lewis 
 relinquished by him to the present owner because the former 
 had discovered in adjacent territory, in the language of 
 Hamlet, "metal more attractive." The attraction must have 
 been immense, tor Mr. Samuel Newhouse, the fortunate 
 owner of the Cactus, claims to be able to show up a bagatelle 
 of some $40,000,000 worth of ore with plenty more to follow! 
 The result of Mr. Lewis' operations, however, fully proved 
 the excellence of his judgment, and was demonstrated by the 
 successful organization of the Royal Gold and Copper Mining 
 Company, with a capital of 1,000,000 shares of a par value 
 of $10 each. In this combination he has grouped together 
 an empire of over 4,000 acres of ground located in Beaver 
 
338 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 County. This indeed was a sovereign effort and astounding 
 to many in its magnitude and significance. Equally so was 
 the manner of its accomplishing. Despite the keenest rivalry 
 and cleverest schemes to thwart his progress, Senator Lewis 
 quietly and persistently pursued his purpose, surmounting 
 obstacles as with an eagle's wings, the obstinacy of his will 
 being the open sesame by which he gained control of the 
 treasure vaults surrounding him. Tact and talent were no 
 less necessary, as was capital in abundance, but the royal 
 result at once proclaimed the work a triumph of a master 
 mind. The mines thus absorbed have in the past produced 
 from their surface workings, in the face of adverse conditions 
 of various kinds such as heavy transportation and smelt'er 
 charges, ore to the amount of more than $3,000,000, while 
 that on their dumps, long since discarded as unprofitable, is rich 
 in wealth under present conditions. But under the mammoth 
 organization now effected by Senator Lewis, every group of 
 mines in this extensive combination will yield untold wealth 
 to its owners and result in greater vindication of the wisdom 
 which, in the face of every discouragement, proclaimed 
 this region the Eldorado of the West. Not content with this 
 matchless effort the greatest ever undertaken single-handed 
 in the State Senator Lewis at the same time was looking 
 around for another world to conquer. The magnetic attrac- 
 tion of Iron County's prodigious deposits of iron ore drew him 
 thither and the star of empire hangs lumious over the couch 
 of Utah's industrial redeemer the Iron King. Hence Senator 
 Lewis may be likened to one of the three wise men who, 
 seeing the star in the east, followed whither it led. His 
 operations and pending negotiations will, therefore, give 
 impetus to the beginning of the reign of the Iron Age the 
 establishment of an empire that shall mean industrial glory 
 and salvation to unnumbered thousands in our State; for no 
 mind is keener than his to grasp the possibilities such as 
 there are sculptured by the hand of Omnipotence, and bring 
 about their realization. 
 
MINES AND MINING. 339 
 
 The great work, however, of operating, equipping and 
 managing the enormous properties of the Royal Gold & 
 Copper Mining Company, will not be, because of any con- 
 tingent project, in any way impeded. His marvelous adapt- 
 ability and capacity for work has given Senator Lewis 
 striking pre-eminence and nothing in his hands, seemingly, is 
 ever in danger from mismanagement or incapacity of any 
 kind, so that the industrial and financial world with which 
 he has become so notably identified, has every confidence in 
 him, well assured that the interests of labor and capital are 
 safe in his hands. 
 
 No possible description of the extensive properties that 
 he has unified and organized into ideal existence can be 
 given here in the limits of this department, so numerous and 
 diverse in their nature and ramification they are, but the 
 results that time and not so very distant must show 
 will justly and amply emphasize the feeble measurement of 
 the man we have here been able to portray. 
 
 DEEP CREEK, ETC, 
 
 THIS region embraces Granite, Dry Canyon, Dewey, 
 Clifton, Gold Hill and Dutch Mountain. In the same region, 
 so to speak, are Fish Springs and Dugway districts. These 
 have all been occupied and worked for many years and are 
 as promising as those of any other part of the State. In fact 
 it is not altogether a matter of promise, since all are produc- 
 ers, some of them extensive and continuous ones, and with the 
 construction of a long-promised railroad would add many 
 figures to the commonwealth's income, besides adding a few 
 names to its list of millionaries. The whole country has 
 been written up until its story is a household word, and what 
 it needs now, is fewer words and more applied enterprise in 
 the direction of rapid transportation. In view of the fact that 
 the needed road would be an assured money-maker from the 
 
340 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 start, that it could be constructed cheaper than any other 
 that has ever been built in the Western country, and that so 
 many languishing industries would of a surety all at once 
 spring into magnificent advancement, it is one of the wonders 
 of our time why the thing was not done long ago. How- 
 ever, it cannot be held off much more, and with its coming 
 the places named will not only be populous ones, but attract 
 more and more people and wealth to the State at large. 
 
 COAL AND IRON. 
 
 NEITHER coal nor iron, by some sort of conventional 
 perversion, figure as precious metals, hence they are here 
 considered separately. 
 
 Iron mining was carried on to a limited extent earlier in 
 the fifties than was any mining event recorded herein. This 
 was in Iron County where (at Cedar City) a furnace was built 
 and some castings were made. These were not equal to Eastern 
 work by any means; one of the articles cast was a bell which 
 was duly mounted for public service, and while it lacked in 
 resonance and vibratory power somewhat, it was an evidence 
 of the pushing enterprise and tenacious purpose of the early 
 settlers. The working of iron ores, even in such crude and 
 primitive manner, presupposes the finding and use of coal, of 
 which there has always been an abundance, but which has 
 not, by reason of the lack of cheap transportation facilities, 
 forced its way into the open markets to any great extent. In 
 both the respects spoken of Iron County is surely destined to 
 stride to the front at no distant day and as surely to remain 
 there. 
 
 As a mercantile and systematic proposition, coal mining 
 in Utah began near where the town of Coalville now stands. 
 This was begun as an agricultural community in 1859 by W. 
 H. Smith, Alanson Norton and Andrew Williams, being joined 
 soon after effecting a location by H. B. Wilde, Thos. G. 
 Franklin and Joseph Stallings. Coal croppings had previously 
 
MINES AND MINING. 341 
 
 been observed in various places, but it was not until the little 
 settlement was some three years old that the measures were 
 attacked in a systematic, determined manner and made to 
 yield in abundance of the dusky diamonds with which they 
 were charged. One location followed another in rapid suc- 
 cession and the coal business grew into one of great propor- 
 tions and several organized companies sprang into existence. 
 It is impossible at this time to go into details regarding the 
 growth and present proportions of the industry, the figures 
 are too varied, vast and far-reaching. Great coal finds have 
 been made in other parts of the State, notably in Sanpete, 
 Emery and Carbon counties, but it is held that nothing yet 
 uncovered has even remotely approached in vastness and ac- 
 cessibility the great deposits immediately surrounding Coal* 
 ville. 
 
 It is probable that the total yield of the State is hot much 
 short of three million tons per annum, an element of wealth to 
 the few and comfort to the many which is not to be ranked 
 among the smaller things of our great and growing common- 
 wealth by any means. 
 
 GENERAL MENTION. 
 
 NEW districts have been forming fast of late years, and 
 some of them give promise of becoming as famous as their 
 predecessors. Stateline, whose location is defined by its name 
 in the western part of Beaver County, Blue Mountains and 
 Henry Mountains in the southeastern part of the State, Park 
 Valley in the northwestern part and various others of more 
 or less consequence elsewhere have come into existence in 
 recent years. In fact, almost every county in the State has 
 at least one, some of them several districts, but the producers 
 in a commercial sense, have previously been spoken of. New 
 
342 UTAH AS II IS. 
 
 finds are being made every day, and it is more than the daily 
 papers can do to keep up with them. 
 
 THE STOCK EXCHANGE. 
 
 THE Salt Lake Stock Exchange is one of the institutions 
 of the State deserving of prominent mention. Its member- 
 ship consists of prominent business men of integrity and 
 capacity, of course more or less interested in mines and min- 
 ing. Its transactions every day amount to many thousands 
 of dollars, and besides the speculative feature the Exchange 
 serves the useful purpose of advertising the mineral 
 wealth of the State and furnishing ready information regard- 
 ing the workings of the great industry such as could scarcely 
 be obtained all at once from any other source. 
 
 The officers of the Exchange are as follows: J. A. Pol- 
 lock, President; E. D. Miller, First Vice-President,}. Obern- 
 dorfer, Second Vice-President; W. H. Farnsworth, Third 
 Vice-President; G. P. Norton, Treasurer; James Shorten, 
 Secretary; these, with M. M. Miller, M.S. Pendergast, A. S. 
 Campbell, W. H. Tibbals and W. J. Browning, are the 
 Directors. 
 
 SILVER REEF. 
 
 THIS once flourishing district was a wonder in its day, 
 and it may become a name to conjure with yet. Not only 
 was its productiveness for many years vast, but its character- 
 istics were something unique and unprecedented in the history 
 of mining in modern times. Not only was the prevalent gee- 
 logical theory of the precious metals not existing in sandstone 
 upset, but the vegetable and mineral kingdoms were united by 
 means unknown to man, I have seen petrifactions of sage- 
 
MINES AND MINING. 
 
 343 
 
 brush twigs and parts of trees that went hundreds of dollars 
 in the precious metals per ton! 
 
 METAL PRODUCTION AND DIVIDENDS. 
 
 PRIOR to 1870 Utah almost failed to score in the com- 
 mercial world as a producer of metals, although not wholly 
 without a record. Probably the total would have reached 
 three-fourths of a million. Beginning with 1871 the first five 
 years made a fine showing, the gold, silver and lead output 
 being $20,558,079. Copper appeared on the scene in 1873, 
 and its production steadily increased. The totals to the end of 
 1903 are as follows: Gold, $34,564.459.12; silver, $180,000,- 
 336.27; lead $51,563,589.61; copper, $17,947,859.76. For 
 1903 the yield was approximately in round numbers gold, 
 $4.000,000, silver, $20,000,000; lead, $5,000,000, copper, 
 $5,000,000; aggregate, $34,000,000. 
 
 The following were the dividend payers for 1903: 
 
 NAME OF MINE. 
 
 LOCATION. 
 
 DIVIDENDS 
 PAID. 
 
 TOTALS TO DATE 
 
 Annie Laurie 
 
 Gold Mountain 
 
 $I4Q ;i6 
 
 $ 169 516 oo 
 
 Butler-Liberal . 
 
 Bingham 
 
 2 "\OO 
 
 2 5OO OO 
 
 Century 
 
 Park Valley 
 
 9 ooo 
 
 Q OOO OO 
 
 Consolidated Mercur.... 
 
 Mercur 
 
 150.000 
 
 1,210,^12.97 
 
 Daly-West 
 
 Park City 
 
 i 332 ooo 
 
 7 401 OOO OO 
 
 Gemini 
 
 Tintic 
 
 100,000 
 
 950 ooo oo 
 
 Grand Central 
 
 Tintic 
 
 225,000 
 
 916,250 oo 
 
 Horn Silver 
 
 Frisco 
 
 20 ooo 
 
 5 362,000 oo 
 
 Sacramento 
 
 Mercur 
 
 6 > ooo 
 
 187,000.00 
 
 Silver King 
 
 Park City 
 
 f 7OO OOO 
 
 7 450,000.00 
 
 South Swansea 
 
 Tintic 
 
 9,000 
 
 284 OOO OQ 
 
 Utah 
 
 
 8 coo 
 
 205 ooo oo 
 
 Utah Consolidated 
 
 Binghatn 
 
 1,404. ooo 
 
 3,929.000.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totals, 
 
 
 $4,760 016 
 
 $26, 165,578.07. 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 
ELEEMOSYNARY. 
 
 RETREATS FOR THE SICK AND UNFORTUNATE 
 IN OUR MIDST. 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY and Ogden are well equipped in the 
 matter of eleemosynary institutions, these added lo the 
 splendid and capacious Mental Hospital at Provo making 
 Utah as well provided for in this respect, proportionately as 
 any of her sisters. As in other things, the end is not yet, and 
 places of refuge and sanitation will be provided as rapidly 
 and extensively as circumstances may require. All are more 
 or less charitable in their purpose and practices, while some 
 are altogether so. The first in the order of mention is that 
 splendid structure overlooking Salt Lake City from the east 
 bench and known as 
 
 THE JUDGE MINERS' HOME. 
 
 THE Judge Memorial Home, intended as a home for 
 aged and disabled miners and a hospital for the care of the 
 sick and injured, was founded by Mrs. Mary Judge in 1902. 
 The new building, which occupies the finest site on the east 
 bench, overlooking the entire Salt Lake valley, is one of the 
 most imposing edifices in the city. The building has a rock 
 foundation and four stories- of brick. Its dimensions are 225 
 
346 Ul AH AS U IS. 
 
 feet by 40 feet, with two wings extending 100 feet back of 
 the main structure. The north wing is designed for the min- 
 ers' home and the south wing for the hospital, which will be 
 htted up with all the latest improvements. An elevator in 
 the building will be an important convenience, especially in 
 conveying the sick and injured to the upper floors. There 
 will be two operating rooms supplied with thoroughly mod- 
 ern equipment, and the hospital department will have accom- 
 modations for at least 150, while the home proper will enter- 
 tain 250 persons. 
 
 This home and hospital is a charitable institution, en- 
 dowed by Mrs. Judge as a monument of her regard for the 
 men who delve in the earth for its hidden treasures, and to be 
 under the supervision of the Catholic church, Bishop Scanlan 
 being its general manager. Here needy miners when injured 
 may be treated and cared for free of charge and, if perman- 
 ently disabled, will be given a permanent home. The build- 
 ing is now enclosed and plastered and the work ot finishing 
 the interior is in progress. It is expected that it will be ready 
 to be opened in June, 1904. 
 
 DR. W. H. GROVES LATTER-DAY SAINTS 
 HOSPITAL. 
 
 THE Groves Latter-day Saints Hospital is in course of 
 erection in Salt Lake City. It originated with the bequest of 
 the late Dr. W. H. Groves, an old time resident of Salt Lake 
 City, who died several years ago and left all his property, 
 both real and personal, for the purpose of constructing and 
 operating a hospital. The following is a paragraph of his will 
 on this subject : 
 
 "I give and devise all my real property wherever situ- 
 ated to my executors, Franklin S. Richards and Jas. T. Little, 
 as Trustees, their successors and assigns, and authorize and 
 
348 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 direct them to sell and dispose of the same whenever, in 
 their judgment, it can be done to advantage, and as soon as 
 practicable, and to devote the proceeds of the sale of said 
 property to the purchase of a hospital site at Salt Lake City 
 or vicinity, and to the erection and maintenance of a Hospital 
 thereon, which shall always be known as the 'Dr. W. H. 
 Groves Latter-day Saints Hospital.' The title of said insti- 
 tution to be vested in a board of trustees or in a corporation 
 as my executors may deem best for the carrying out of my 
 intention and desire, to make the same a permanent and cred- 
 ; table institution for all future time, which shall always be un- 
 der the direction and management of the persons who com- 
 pose the Presiding Bishopric of the Church of Jesus Christ 
 of Latter-day Saints. Franklin S. Richards shall be one of the 
 trustees or directors of said hospital and Dr. Jos. S. Richards 
 shall also be one of the trustees or directors of said hospital, 
 and he shall be the medical director of the same as long as 
 he lives. It being my wish that all of my real estate shall be 
 converted into the money and the entire proceeds thereof 
 used for the establishment, endowment and perpetual main- 
 tenance of said hospital." 
 
 Under date of June 27th, 1903, and in accordance with 
 the provisions of the will, an association was formed under 
 the laws of the State of Utah for the purpose of carrying out 
 the conditions of the will, and articles of incorporation were 
 filed, naming Wm. B. Preston president, Robert f. Burton 
 vice-president, O. P. Miller, Franklin S. Richards and Jos. S. 
 Richards as trustees, with John Wells as secretary and trea- 
 surer. Immediately thereafter the construction of the hos- 
 pital was commenced. 
 
 The present building is known as the main building at- 
 tached to which will be wings on the east and west as the 
 business of the hospital may require. The estimated cost of 
 the present structure is in the neighborhood of $150,000. This 
 is four stones high with a basement all out of the ground. It 
 is absolutely fire-proof. It will be furnished with every mod- 
 
ELEEMOSYNARY. 349 
 
 convenience for hospital service. It is expected that 
 somewhere in the neighborhood of $50,000.00 will be de- 
 rived from the estate of Dr. Groves, the balance to be pro- 
 vided by the Trustee-in-Trust of the Church of Jesus Christ 
 of Latter-day Saints and other donors. A short time ago 
 the Fifteenth Corporation of the Church, known as the Fif- 
 teenth Ward, generously donated the sum of $10,000.00 to- 
 wards the erection of this building, and it is expected that 
 other similar donations will be received when the hospital is 
 completed. 
 
 ST. MARK'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 ST. MARK'S HOSPITAL, the first in the Territory of Utah, 
 was established in 1873, by the Rt. Rev. Daniel S. Tuttle, 
 D. D., Bishop of Utah, and the Rev. R. M. Kirby, Rector of 
 St. Mark's Church, at the corner of Third South and Fifth 
 East streets, Salt Lake City, in a small two-story adobe 
 house. From this very humble beginning as a hospital, ac- 
 commodating half a dozen patients, it has grown to one of 
 five largf* buildings accommodating 150 patients. During the 
 first year less than 25 were cared for, last year over 1600. 
 During the thirty years of its work it has cared for nearly 
 20,000 sick and injured men and women. This growth has of 
 course been gradual; the first move was the erection of a 
 three-story brick building at the corner of Second West and 
 Seventh North streets, and the last the erection of a four- 
 story wing which has just been completed. The equipment 
 in the beginning was the crudest, while now it is thoroughly 
 up to date. In the beginning the staff was made up of one 
 doctor, J. F. Hamilton, to whom the hospital owes every- 
 thing as to its inception and early carrying on; now the staff 
 is made up of sixteen prominent physicians and surgeons and 
 there are also two internes. The hospital draws its patients 
 Utah, Nevada, Wyoming and Idaho. It cares for men 
 
350 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 from every mining camp in the State of Utah. All work for 
 the Oregon Short Line Railroad, from Huntington, Oregon, 
 and Granger, Wyoming, to Salt Lake City, is done at St. 
 Mark's Hospital. A majority of the work on the Rio Grande 
 Western from Grand Junction, Colorado, to Ogden, Utah is 
 also done here. All the work of the San Pedro, Los Angeles 
 and Salt Lake railroad is brought to St. Mark's. 
 
 In the new wing are two operating rooms, together with 
 instrument, sterilizing, etherizing, preparation and x-ray 
 rooms. There is also the general diet kitchen for the hospital 
 
 ST. MARK'S HOSPITAL. 
 
 and a large room for the making and storing of all surgical 
 dressings used, and a dark room for the development of x-ray 
 photographs. The laboratory situated in this building is com- 
 pletely equipped for all analytical and bacteriological works. 
 The hospital has its own steam laundry and also two dyna- 
 mos for generating electricity for all purposes. The am- 
 bulance service is prompt and careful. 
 
 In connection with the hospital there is a large training 
 school for nurses. The course of training extends over three 
 years, during which time the young women are taught nurs- 
 
ELEEMOSYNARY. 351 
 
 ing along the most modern and up to date methods. The 
 superintendent of the training school has classes each week, 
 lectures are given by members of the staff weekly, examina- 
 tions are set, and those who pass successfully are at the end 
 of a three years' course given a diploma, which, coming from 
 a well known and modern institution shows them to be well 
 fitted for their life work. The training school is the largest 
 in the inter-mountain country. 
 
 The officers are M. H. Walker, President pro tern; Rev. 
 C. E. Perkins, Secretary and Treasurer, and Messrs. W. V. 
 Rice, H. C. Wallace, H. G. McMillan and C. E. Allen, 
 Trustees. 
 
 The Superintendent is the Rev. G. C. Hunting and the 
 Superintendent of Nurses, Mrs. N. F. Crossland; Mrs. A. M. 
 Slavan is Night Supervisor, and Miss L. H. Hard is Operat- 
 ing Room Nurse. 
 
 The Medical Director is F. S. Bascom, M. D., while the 
 other members of the staff are: S. H. Pinkerton, A. C. 
 Ewing, G. B. Pfoutz, A. S. Bower, U. Worthington, J. F. 
 Critchlow, A. C. Behle, D. M. Lindsay, Philo E. Jones, A. 
 A. Kerr, T. B. Beatty, E. V. Silver, R. W. Fisher, B. A. 
 Gemmell and Henry LaMotte. 
 
 HOSPITAL OF THE HOLY CROSS. 
 
 More than a quarter of a century ago the Rev. Lawrence 
 Scanlan, alive to the needs of the growing city, matured a 
 plan for the opening of a hospital, a project quite in line with 
 the broad, practical charity characteristic of him. According- 
 ly, at his invitation, from the Mother House of the Sisters of 
 the Holy Cross, St* Mary's convent, Notre Dame, Indiana, 
 October, 1875, came Sister Holy Cross and Sister M. Barth- 
 olomew, the former charged with the responsibility of the 
 .undertaking, in which she was ably assisted by the latter, A 
 
352 
 
 U1AH AS II IS. 
 
 rented two-story house, accommodating patients to the num- 
 ber of thirteen, was the unpretentious opening. Dr. Allen 
 Fowler and the Drs. Benedict brothers gave their ser- 
 vices gratis. 
 
 The work of caring for the sick was carried on under 
 circumstances demanding continual sacrifices until 1882, when 
 a site on First South Street was purchased upon which the 
 present brick structure was erected. Just here it may be said 
 that the architectural beauty of the edifice, its sunshine- flooded 
 halls, wards and private rooms, are due to the sound judg- 
 
 HOSPITAI, OF THE HOLY CROSS. 
 
 ment and critical taste of the Rt. Rev. Bishop, under whose 
 direction the plans were prepared. 
 
 The cost of the structure was met by the surplus fund of 
 the hospital, together with donations from the non-Catholic 
 public, and especially by contributions from the generous- 
 hearted miners of the district. 
 
 In this connection it seems eminently proper to call at- 
 tention to the fact that the Bishop, with his Vicar-General, 
 Rev. Denis Kiely, bore the brunt of the work, as regards se- 
 curing from the miners financial aid to meet the expenses in- 
 volved in the erection of the hospital, and to them, in large 
 measure, is due the success of the enterprise. But equally 
 
ELEEMOSYNARY. 353 
 
 contributable thereto was the work of the sisters in charge, 
 and with such a union of forces the work was bound to pros- 
 per, and accordingly the new building was ready for occu- 
 pancy in June, 1883. 
 
 Holy Cross Hospital is admirably arranged, the usual 
 wards and private rooms appertaining to similar institutions 
 being sufficient to accomodate in the main building patients to 
 the number of one hundred and twenty-five. The wards are 
 conveniently arranged and the apartments generally are as 
 nearly perfect as possible. Improvements just completed at 
 the hospital include the addition of a new wing and a chape^ 
 with a seating capacity of about one hundred and fifty. 
 
 The present medical service is contributed by the follow- 
 ing eminent physicians and surgeons: Dr. Hughes, oculist 
 and aurist; Dr. Richards, Dr. Niles, Dr. Root, Dr. Hosmer, 
 Dr. Whitney and Dr. Mayo. 
 
 It should be understood that Holy Cross Hospital is non- 
 sectarian in its management, no distinction being made what- 
 ever. 
 
 KEARNS ST. ANN'S ORPHANAGE. 
 
 IT WAS in 1890 that Bishop Scanlan abandoned his 
 former home in this city and converted it to the use of an 
 institution known as St. Ann's Orphanage. From the be- 
 ginning, the number of children cared for rapidly increased, 
 until accommodations were wofully inadequate, and it was a 
 matter of real concern as to how to keep pace with the demands 
 made upon the institution. The magnificent donation of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Thomas Kearns of fifty thousand dollars, solved 
 the problem for many years to come, and no delay was 
 permitted in starting work on a new structure that should 
 be large enough and in every way adapted for the purpose. 
 Hence on August 27, 1899, the corner stone of the in- 
 
354 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 stitution now called the Kearns St. Ann's Orphanage 
 was laid by Bishop Scanlan in the presence of a large 
 assemblage. The Governor of the State and other pro- 
 minent officials were present at the ceremony, together with 
 many distinguished citizens from surrounding cities and towns. 
 Governor Wells made an address at the conclusion of 
 Bishop Scanlan's sermon. Senator Rawlins also spoke and at 
 the end of the ceremonies, Hon. C. S. Varian presented 
 Mr. Kearns with the silver trowel, which was received by 
 him in behalf of Mrs. Kearns in a fitting response. 
 
 Ill II 
 
 KEARNS ST. ANN'S ORPHANAGE. 
 
 The Kearns St. Ann's Orphanage is situated in the center 
 of a ten-acre block, bounded by Twelfth and Thirteenth 
 South and Fourth and Fifth East streets. The building 
 faces north and is 130 feet in length, 80 feet in width and 
 125 feet high to the point of the tower. The basement 
 has a nine-foot ceiling, containing two playrooms, each 25x32, 
 the main dining hall, 25x70, the kitchen. 18x25; anc ^ pantries, 
 storerooms, etc. 
 
 The first floor has a twelve-foot ceiling; has main en- 
 
ELEEMOSYNARY. 355 
 
 trance hall, 10x18; the main corridor, 8x20; staircase hall. 
 18x20; four classrooms, each 25x32; a drafting room 18x25; 
 a music room, 15x25; parlor, 18x28, two office rooms, 15x18 
 each, and a large veranda, 10x70 feet. 
 
 The second floor is used for dormitory purposes, boys 
 and girls having separate sections, each room being 25x70. 
 There are also boys' and girls 1 wardrobes, with lockers, each 
 15x18; two nursery chambers, each 15x18; four rooms for 
 Sisters of Charity, each 15x18; one sick room, 15x18; closets, 
 etc. The ceilings are eleven feet high and a balcony 
 extends over the full front veranda. In the attic, which 
 has a twelve and a half foot ceiling, there is a chapel with 
 a seating capacity of 500, and also closets and extra bed- 
 rooms. 
 
 The annex in the rear of the main building, connected 
 with it by covered passages, contains the heating plant in 
 the basement, laundry on the first floor, boys' and girls' 
 toilet rooms and bath rooms on the second floor. The 
 dimensions of the annex are 20x28. 
 
 The building, as will be seen by the accompanying 
 engraving, is a neat, substantial structure, the outer walls 
 being of red pressed brick, with gray cut stone trimmings; 
 the interior is furnished in hard wood, with hard wood floors, 
 and the heating, lighting and ventilating arrangements are 
 of the best. It has sleeping accommodations for 250 chil- 
 dren, with school capacity for many more day children. 
 
 Many homeless little ones, not only from Salt Lake City and 
 State, but from Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada and elsewhere are 
 being tenderly cared for and trained to become useful 
 citizens in the future; and to Bishop Scanlan and the faithful 
 sisters in charge, as well as to Senator and particularly to 
 IV[rs. Kearns, the community owes grateful thanks for the 
 founding and directing of this beneficent institution. 
 
356 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 THE KEELEY INSTITUTE. 
 
 THIS institution is now located at the historic Devereux 
 house, 334 W. South Temple Street. The old mansion was 
 built by the Hon. William Jennings and for years was the 
 centre of many notable and brililant festivities in Salt Lake 
 social life, Generals Grant and Sherman, Lady Franklin 
 and other celebrities having been entertained there. 
 
 Devereux house, with its cosy accommodations and ele- 
 gant appointments, makes an ideal home for so praiseworthy 
 
 THE 
 
 INSTITUTE. 
 
 an institution as the Keeley, and as tho treatment it affords 
 has been before the public since 1880, counting those it has 
 cured by the thousands, it is worthy of every encouragement. 
 As there are hundreds of people in this State who need the 
 treatment there given, many of them unable to incur the 
 necessary expense, it is intended to appeal to the Legislature 
 for the passage of a law which will secure to those unable to 
 pay for the same the treatment necessary to save them from 
 
ELEEMOSYNARY. 357 
 
 absolute ruin and make of them self-respecting citizens. The 
 great majority of the people are believed to be in favor of 
 such a law, as its results to the State and humanity at large 
 must be beneficent. The Keeley Institute treats drunken- 
 ness as a disease and cures it, and those who have any knowl- 
 edge of its results need no assurance of its safety to the sys- 
 tem, its administration being equally salutary and effective 
 whether applied in infancy, youth or old age. 
 
 If the Legislature shall enact a law establishing a guard- 
 ianship over those who are helplessly afflicted with the disease 
 of drunkenness, and provide for these people treatment at the 
 public expense, the money thus appropriated would accom- 
 plish results more far-reaching in a redemptive way than 
 those achieved through the establishment and maintenance of 
 jails and all the ramifications connected therewith. It would 
 result in large measure in the reclamation of thousands of our 
 people from degradation and disgrace, transforming them into 
 respectable citizens and thereby securing the State ample re- 
 turn for the funds invested. The treatment provided by the 
 Keeley Institute would aid the State to accomplish this desir- 
 able end surer and quicker than any other yet discovered. 
 
 CHILDREN'S A. AND H. F. ASSOCIATION. 
 
 THE Children's Aid and Home Finding Association of 
 Utah is one of the very worthy institutions in our midst de- 
 serving of more extended mention than can be given it here. 
 Its purposes are to protect children from cruelty and to pro- 
 vide for the care and control of those who are orphaned, neg- 
 lected, dependent or homeless; also to aid by every practic- 
 able means the State, county and city officials in carrying out 
 the laws for the protection, disposition and supervision of such 
 children. It is an incorporated institution and a most noble 
 charity. 
 
358 
 
 UTAH AS 11 
 
 The officers are: Rev. R. Wake, President; Mrs. E. 
 E. Shepard, Secretary; H. W. Lawerence, Treasurer; Mrs. 
 V. A. Stickney, Superintendent. It is located at n Earl's 
 Court, Salt Lake City. 
 
 MRS. STJCKNfcY AND ONE OF HFR CHARGES. 
 
Part II. Biographical 
 
 PROMINENT PEOPLE PICTURED 
 AND PENNED. 
 
 / HpHE strictly narrative portion of this volume being practi- 
 cally concluded, that of presenting some of our prominent 
 people by sketch and portrait begins. 
 
 This division will be found of unusual interest. In it are 
 presentations of every line of life, embracing all shades of 
 belief in our midst. The statesman, the minister, the profess- 
 or, the educator, the merchant, the industrialist, the designer, 
 the producer in every department ^all have a showing. 
 Representative types in each class have been selected, and 
 the varied stories combined, themselves constitute a history 
 of Utah superior to any other when convenience and accessi- 
 bility are considered along with accuracy, variety and scope. 
 The arrangement follows somewhat the previous plan of 
 the book. The founders of the community are given the 
 first mention, after which the other biographies appear as 
 nearly as may be in chronological order, but failing in this 
 the order in which they were received, or as close to that as 
 possible, is followed. By this means there are no "preferred 
 places" and none more prominent than any other. This state- 
 ment may appear in substance elsewhere, and there is no ne- 
 cessity for ah apfblogy for this, because it must be understood 
 at every stage. 
 
360 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 The work of getting these portraits and sketches together 
 has been a long and arduous task, but the end justifies the 
 means. Undoubtedly a representative assemblage which it 
 would be quite impossible to improve upon is the result. As to 
 that, no part of the book has been easily got together all 
 parts have required labor, persistence, patience, time and ex- 
 pense, the outcome being, as is believed, one that will be 
 satisfactory all around. 
 
 Having said so much by way of introducing and explain- 
 ing the Second Part of the book, the work will proceed from 
 this point in regular order. 
 
 "AMELIA PALACE," RESIDENCE OF MR. AND MRS. E. K. HOLMES. 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 
 
 PRESIDENT JOSEPH F. SMITH. 
 
 [Portrait on page 27.] 
 
 THE President of the Mormon Church, whose full name is 
 Joseph Fielding Smith, was ushered into this vale of 
 tears on Nov. 13, 1838, in the little colony of Far West, Cald- 
 well Co., Missouri. A "vale of tears" it certainly was at that 
 time, for his people at least. His father, Hyrum, and his 
 uncle, Joseph, with other prominent men in the Church, had 
 been and were undergoing a siege of persecutions and priva- 
 tions, the shifting scenes in the awful drama being merely so 
 many changes from bad things to worse ones, the climax being 
 reached on the 27th of June, 1844, when both men were assas- 
 sinated by a mob while they were in jail on trumped-up 
 charges and under the "protection" of the law. When it is 
 considered that the present leader's advent was under such a 
 terrible stress of circumstances, that his early tjoyhood was 
 spent amid scenes always threatening, sometimes harrowing 
 and not infrequently tragic; that the blaze of the roof tree 
 often shed its lurid glare upon the naked feet, the bare heads 
 and the shivering limbs of the despoiled people; that no place 
 was a real home and no retreat a safe one; that forced 
 marches with the attendants of hunger, manifold discomforts, 
 dangers, sorrows, sickness and death were frequent; that 
 few human voices were ever sounded and fewer arms ever 
 raised in their behalf; that the terms "land of liberty" and 
 "home of law" had become to them hollow, meaningless 
 
362 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 mockeries; that whichever way they turned, wherever they 
 set their feet, .they were met by cold disdain, pitiless indiffer- 
 ence or worst of all hypocritical professions of sympathy 
 and sorrow; when all these things are considered, would not a 
 just and impartial person given to forming conclusions from 
 the evidence of reasoning from cause to effect be apt to 
 conclude that President Smith was so embittered with rancor- 
 ous recollections and saturated with resentment that he could 
 
 not extend even pas- 
 sive friendliness to or 
 have any manner of 
 association with those 
 who were not with 
 
 and of him ? No 
 
 'of,- - 
 
 doubt; and as well 
 grounded as such 
 conclusion would be, 
 
 EIGHT YEARS OF AGE, DRIVING * W Uld StU1 be Vei T 
 
 HIS MOTHER'S TEAM. wide f the mark ' in ~ 
 
 deed. Undoubtedly 
 
 the memories associated with the hounded and homeless out- 
 casts of Missouri and Illinois are ineradicable and have no 
 even been dimmed by the lapse of time; but there is no more* 
 affable, approachable, tolerant, compassionate man occupying 
 a part of the Lord's footstool than Joseph F. Smith; at the 
 same time there is none that is more determinedly opposed to 
 sin and vice In whatever form they may appear, none that 
 has less tolerance for crime and iniquity. He believes in 
 literally carrying out the injunction to render unto Caesar the 
 things that are Caesar's and unto God the things that are 
 God's. 
 
 The head of the Church, even secularly considered, is 
 the right man in the right place. He has great administra- 
 tive capacity, is a natural organizer, knows when things and 
 persons are in the right as well as in the wrong places, has 
 the faculty of order well developed, is invested with that 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 
 
 363 
 
 degree of endurance and pertinacity which characterize great 
 soldiers, and, believing that measures are either right or 
 wrong, is a slow hand at making compromises. He is system- 
 atic and thorough-going; a proposition, for example, involving 
 a dozen factors, would be as incomplete if but one were miss- 
 ing as though but one were present. Being a believer and 
 practicer in the upbuilding of home enterprises, the encourage- 
 ment of home talent and the development of home resources, 
 he inclines somewhat to the protective feature of national 
 economy, which, with a belief drilled into 
 him by bitter experience that the national 
 Government possesses and ought to exer- 
 cise the inherent right to protect its citizens 
 whether buttressed by State lines or under 
 the flag of a foreign land, causes him to look 
 with undisguised favor upon the Repub- 
 lican phase of Federal politics; still, he is 
 not a bigot in this respect or otherwise, and 
 has no dislike for Democrats or other parti- 
 sans because they are such. 
 
 The dauntless character and great 
 self-reliance of Joseph F. Smith mani- 
 fested themselves at an early age. When 
 the exodus of the Saints took place he 
 drove his widowed mother's ox team to 
 the Missouri river, a distance of over 300 miles; this 
 feat would not have been so remarkable but for the fact 
 that he was but eight years of age and thereby no doubt 
 the youngest teamster that ever engaged in the business. 
 At Florence, Nebraska, and after his arrival in Utah he 
 herded stock and thereby helped the family along. At the 
 age of fifteen he went on a mission to the Hawaiian islands, 
 working hard in California for the means to pay his passage, 
 and discharged the duties of his calling like a full-grown 
 man. He^ has since been on several other missions. 
 In many places and at divers times (especially in crossing 
 
 FIFTEEN YEARS 
 
 OLD, OFF ON A 
 
 MISSION TO A 
 
 FOREIGN LAND. 
 
364 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 the plains) he was placed in perilous positions, but always 
 escaped unharmed. As a man he has shown the developed 
 and more comprehensive characteristics of the boy. He has 
 always been a worker; has held many public stations of honor 
 and trust, though very few of profit, and been invariably able 
 and faithful in al). As would reasonably be supposed, his 
 schooling was very meagre, but he is a great reader and has 
 the quality of assimilating what he reads, so that his mind is 
 well stored with the best there is to be had. As a speaker 
 he is fluent, forceful and impressive, talking to, not around, 
 his subject and never leaving the listener in any doubt as to 
 his meaning or his earnestness. He became an Apostle in 
 1866 and one of seven counselors to President Young; after 
 his death was chosen second counselor to President John Tay- 
 lor, occupying the same position with every subsequent Pre- 
 sident up to himself, becoming such on November 10, 1901. 
 
 In appearance President Smith is tall and sinewy. His hair 
 is quite luxuriant and his beard is untrimmed; both were, till of 
 recent years, somewhat dark, but now show so many silver 
 threads that it is difficult to say which shade predominates. 
 He walks with a firm, regular step and is doubtless set down 
 for a green old age. 
 
 It is not pretended that this imperfect sketch contains all 
 there is of interest in the life of President Smith; this could 
 not be done without devoting the whole volume to it. 
 
 COUNSELOR JOHN R. WINDER. 
 
 [Portrait on page 27.] 
 
 PRESIDENT SMITH'S first counselor formerly occupied the 
 position of second counselor to the Presiding Bishop, W. B. 
 Preston, but upon the former's accession to the Presidency he 
 chose the subject of this sketch and Apostle A. H. Lund as 
 his first and second counselors, respectively. 
 
 John Rex Winder is a native of England, having been 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 365 
 
 born at Biddenden, Kent county, on December n, 1821. 
 With an education far from complete, but amply supplemented 
 with good sense and practical judgment, he made his way to 
 the commercial centre of the universe, London, when just out of 
 his teens and obtained employment in a shoe store; he became, 
 a benedict in 1845, the bride being Miss Ellen Walters. Some 
 two years later he removed to Liverpool and after being there 
 about a year he heard by chance of the Mormon Church and 
 at once began investigating. He was not long in finding his 
 way to where the Liverpool branch held services; becoming 
 interested he went from one stage of conviction to another, and 
 was finally baptized on September 20, 1848. With his wife 
 and three living children he emigrated to Utah, having a hard 
 trip on shipboard with smallpox and none too good an expe- 
 rience at any stage of his journeyings. Arriving here in 
 October, 1853, he engaged in the business of harness and shoe- 
 making, at which he was quite successful, but the perturbed 
 state of things precipitated by the coming ot Johnston's army 
 put a quietus on the business for the time being, but it was 
 taken up again under improved circumstances later on . In 
 the interim he became a military man not one of the carpet 
 warriors, but a real fighter, and saw a great deal of hard, ac- 
 tive service against both palefaces and redskins. With the 
 succeeding growth of his business he expanded into stock 
 raising, at which he has been one ot the most successful men 
 in the whole Western country, his beautiful residence, Poplar 
 Farm, just south of the city, showing some fine specimens. He 
 was assessor and collector of Salt Lake City for fourteen years, 
 during which time he served three terms in the City Council; 
 also was a member of two constitutional conventions, gauger 
 in the U. S. Internal Revenue Department, chairman of the 
 Territorial and County committee of the People's party, a di- 
 rector and president of the D. A. & M. Society, director in 
 two sugar companies, president of the Deseret Investment Co., 
 director of Z. C. M. I., Deseret National Bank and Deseret 
 Savings Bank, vice-president and director of the Union Light 
 
366 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 and Power Co. and vice-president of the Pioneer Electric Co. 
 For years he has been conspicuous and active in Temple work 
 and held other Church positions than those herein set out. 
 
 The foregoing gives something of an idea of what an in- 
 dustrious, enterprising, progressive citizen Col. Winder is. but 
 nothing on paper can fairly present his characteristics as a 
 humanitarian and Christian. As zealous in his faith as any, 
 he is broad, tolerant, forbearing and ever ready with an en- 
 couraging word and a helping hand for the deserving unfor- 
 tunate in any walk of life. The old-fashioned type of honesty 
 which rigidly excludes all consideration of policy, opportunity 
 and advertising, but includes the prompt adjustment of all obli- 
 gations and recognition of sterling merit however obscure or 
 handicapped, is his in abundance. His promise is a gilt-edged 
 bond, his word a pledge of honor which is never forfeited to 
 friend or foe. 
 
 COUNSELOR ANTHON H. LUND. 
 
 [Portrait on page 27.]. 
 
 ALMOST cotemporaneous with the murder of Joseph and 
 Hyrum Smith was the first appearance on this stage of action 
 of the present second counselor in the Presidency of the 
 Church. Anthon H. Lund. Although many thousand miles 
 and a great ocean intervened between those events, the work 
 which the two died for was to find one of its most stalwart, 
 determined and intelligent supporters in the developed child 
 whose presence amid the sorrows and joys, the trials and tri- 
 umphs of life was for many years unheralded and unknown 
 beyond his immediate vicinity. The date of birth was May 
 15, 1844; the place, Aalborg, Denmark. His studies began 
 at the extremely early age of four years, the progress made 
 was very rapid and he entered the public schools when only 
 seven. He studied languages along with his regular routine 
 and his aptness in acquiring foreign tongues was even then 
 shown to be remarkable; this continued with him and he is 
 
MORMON CHURCH OPP1C1ALS. 367 
 
 today able to read and understand at least half a dozen stan- 
 dard languages. He had a fondness for Bible reading 
 which was by no means repressed, and this with the spiritual 
 characteristics of his nature made his acceptance of the faith 
 of the Latter-day Saints, a matter of course so soon as he was 
 brought in contact with it, this occurring May 15, 185^, when 
 twelve years of age. He began preaching the next year, 
 being thus one of the youngest ministers of the Gospel that 
 ever went afield, if not the very youngest. After laboring 
 thus for five years he forsook his native land and came to 
 Utah, settling in Sanpete county, where he engaged in numer- 
 ous useful pursuits. He has been on some important missions, 
 two to Scandinavia, one to Palestine and one to Europe, over 
 which field he presided. Three years after the completion of 
 the Manti Temple he was placed in charge of it. He became 
 an Apostle in October, 1889, and upon the accession of Jos- 
 eph F. Smith to the Presidency Elder Lund was chosen as 
 second counselor. 
 
 This worthy representative of a historic and once power- 
 ful race, while one of the most thoroughgoing and best in- 
 formed men of his time, is so approachable in person, so un- 
 affected in demeanor and so utterly devoid of self-assertion 
 or exclusiveness in his manner, that to know him is to respect 
 him. In his presentation of Gospel principles, while as earnest 
 and uncompromising as any, there is no vehemence, no bois- 
 terousness, no artifice; just plain, unequivocal presentations 
 which must carry conviction where conviction can be had and 
 at least impress the listener with the man's unquestionable 
 sincerity and absolute freedom from doubt. Like his associ- 
 ates he is honest, straightforward and has no enemies but such 
 as upright men can afford Jo have. 
 
 APOSTLE F. M. LYMAN. . 
 
 SINCE 1880 Francis Marion Lyman has been a member 
 of the council of Twelve Apostles. He is the eldest son of 
 
UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Amasa M. Lyman and Louisa Maria Tanner and was ushered 
 into the vicissitudes of mundane existence January 12, 1840, 
 in the town of Goodhope, McDonough county, Illinois. On 
 July i, 1848, he was baptized in the Elkhorn river by his 
 father, who also confirmed him. and during that summer, like 
 others of his youthful companions, he drove a yoke of cattle 
 and wagon across the plains when only eight years old. He 
 arrived with his family in the Great Salt Lake valley, October 
 
 19, 1848, and subsequently was 
 given such opportunities for ed- 
 ucation as the community then 
 afforded. When his father lo- 
 cated at San Bernardino, Cali- 
 fornia, young Lyman migrated 
 thither, driving loose stock all 
 the way from Utah. He re- 
 turned to Salt Lake, and in 
 1860 was sent on a mission to 
 Great Britain where he re- 
 mained for three years. This 
 may be said to have been his 
 entry into active public life. 
 During his long and honorable 
 
 career he has rilled many important civic, legislative and 
 ecclesiastical positions. While absent on a mission in South- 
 ern Utah, Arizona and New Mexico, Elder Lyman was 
 chosen one of the Twelve Apostles at the General Conference, 
 October 10, 1880. His life has been a strenuous one, but his 
 genial character, engaging personality and generous nature 
 has enshrined him in the hearts of all his people. At present 
 Apostle Lyman is president of the, European interests of the 
 Church, with headquarters at Liverpool, England, to which 
 mission he was assigned in April, 1901. 
 
 F. M. LYMAN. 
 
 APOSTLE JOHN HENRY SMITH 
 WAS born at Carbunca, near Kanesville (now Council Bluffs), 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIAL*. 
 
 369 
 
 Pottawattamie county, Iowa, September 18, 1848. The time 
 of his advent was a most grievous one, his parents with their 
 compatriots fleeing from the bigotry and oppression of their 
 fellowmen when his birth occurred. His father, President 
 George A. Smith, and his mother, Sarah Ann Libby, came 
 to Utah October 27, 1849, but on June 12, 1851, the boy was 
 left motherless, and was then placed in charge of his mother's 
 sister, Hannah Maria, to whom he owes much for the training 
 which led to the success he has so far attained in life. For 
 a few years the lad remained in Provo with his aunt and went 
 to school. September 18, 1856, he was baptized and con- 
 firmed a member of the Church. 
 Subsequent to this he came to Salt 
 Lake and pursued his studies and 
 obtained a moderately good educa- 
 tion for the times. When eighteen 
 years of age he married Sarah 
 Farr, daughter of Lorin Farr and 
 Nancy Chase of Ogden, and then 
 moved to Provo where he engaged 
 for a time as telegraph operator. 
 In 1857 he was chosen as coun- 
 selor to Bishop W. A. Follet^ of 
 the Fourth Ward and held this 
 position until he obtained work on 
 the Central Pacific Railway, which 
 
 was then being built. Thereafter he returned to Salt Lake 
 and occupied positions in the Territorial Legislature of 1872 
 and Constitutional Convention of the same year. In 1874 ^ e 
 was called on a mission to Great Britain where he remained 
 until ordered home to the sick-bed of his father, who passed 
 away September i, 1875. 
 
 His career since then has been a most active one, and of 
 a diversified nature. He has traveled in many lands preaching 
 the gospel and has between times occupied various municipal. 
 Territorial and political offices, among which was the presi- 
 
 JOHN HENRY SMITH. 
 
370 
 
 - UTAH AS II IS. 
 
 dency of the convention which formed the constitution under 
 which Utah was admitted to Statehood. Since his call to the 
 Apostleship on October 27, 1880, Elder Smith has devoted 
 practically all of his time to public duties and has visited every 
 Stake in the Church. . Though not a business man in the 
 general sense of the term, he is capable and progressive and 
 is connected as an officer and a director with many of the 
 leading institutions of the State. His is a personality most 
 interesting, possessing as he does a buoyant nature, brimful 
 of love for his fellow men, magnetic and cheerful, and as a 
 speaker he is forceful and eloquent. A large and loving place 
 does John Henry Smith occupy in the hearts and affections of 
 his people. 
 
 APOSTLE GEORGE TEASDALE. 
 
 BORN in London. England, December 8. 1831, his parents 
 being William Russell Teasdale and Harriet Henrietta Tidey, 
 
 George Teasdale began life under 
 pleasing auspices. He was given 
 the best education that the public 
 schools and the London University 
 could afford and being of a most 
 thoughtful, studious nature, he 
 commenced his youthful career 
 well equipped tocommand success. 
 After leaving school he entered 
 the service of an architect and 
 surveyor but resigned this to learn 
 the upholstering business. While 
 working at this trade he became 
 interested in the principles taught 
 
 by the Latter-day Saints and was baptized August 8, 1852. 
 Upon being ordained an Elder he devoted much time to 
 
 GEORGE TEAS2ALE. 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 371 
 
 preaching and giving lectures on religious subjects. While 
 doing this he met Miss Emily Emma Brown, whom he mar- 
 ried in 1853. 
 
 From thenceforward he occupied many ecclesiastical po- 
 sitions in Great Britain, and in 1861 was released to come to 
 Utah, arriving in Great Salt Lake valley, September 27, 1861- 
 Since his arrival in Utah he has held many important stations, 
 and has filled numerous missions in this country and in Europe, 
 succeeding Daniel H. Wells in the presidency of the British 
 mission from February 1887 till 1890, when he returned 
 home. 
 
 Most of Elder Teasdale's life has been devoted to ad- 
 vancing the interests of the Church he espoused, and October 
 15, 1882, he was ordained an Apostle by President John 
 Taylor. He is a man of calm, even temperament, of deep 
 spiritual nature, enthusiastic, in a quiet way, in the dissemi- 
 nation of the principles of the gospel, and is regarded as the 
 very embodiment of honor and integrity. He is greatly be- 
 loved by all his fellow religionists and is worthy of his high 
 calling. 
 
 APOSTLE HEBER J. GRANT. 
 
 HEBER JEDDY GRANT was born in Salt Lake City, No- 
 vember 22, 1856, his parents being Jedediah M. Grant and 
 Rachel Ridgeway Ivins. He is the first of Utah's sons to 
 be honored with the sacred office and calling of an Apostle. 
 When a child he attended a school taught by the mother of 
 Matthias F. Cowley; another taught by the mother of Hon. 
 A. F. Doremus; later he was a student in President Young's 
 school house and subsequently entered the Deseret (now Utah) 
 University. Owing to ill health he was unable to give marked 
 application to his studies in his early years, but on reaching 
 manhood he developed a spirit of tenacity and determination 
 to excel, and acquired much proficiency in various branches 
 
372 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 of business and scholastic education. He entered the commer- 
 cial world as a messenger boy in an insurance office, rising 
 step by step by close attention to duty. Becoming later as- 
 sistant cashier in Zion's Savings Bank, he aspired to the pres- 
 idency of such an institution and became president of the State 
 Bank of Utah at its organization in 1890. He has also been 
 vice-president of the Salt Lake Herald Co., a director of the 
 Provo Woolen Mills Co. and the Deseret National Bank, a 
 director of the Oregon Lumber Co., and at present is presi- 
 dent of the Home Fire Insurance Co. of Utah, the Salt Lake 
 Theater Co., the Coop. Wagon & Machine Co. and the in- 
 surance firm of Heber J. Grant & Co. In 1887 he was elected 
 a director in Z. C. M. I. and subsequently became chairman 
 of the executive committee of that institution. 
 
 ^___ Elder Grant is conceded to be a 
 
 Napoleon of finance, and has had 
 phenomenal success in filling finan- 
 cial missions for the Church and 
 the business institutions with 
 which he is connected. As a 
 churchman he is equally promi- 
 nent, having held the offices of 
 Elder and Seventy prior to his 
 ordination as a High Priest, in 
 October, 1880, when he became 
 President of the Tooele Stake of 
 Zion, being ordained by President 
 John Tavlor. He was ordained 
 an Apostle October 16, 1882. 
 
 During his early ecclesiastical career, he performed missions 
 to the Yaqui Indians of Mexico; he has also visited the Na- 
 vajos, the Moquis. Zuni and Pappago Indians, and is now 
 filling a mission in Japan, whither he was called to open the 
 gospel door, leaving Salt Lake City July 24, 1901. He 
 was baptized into the Church June 22, 1864. 
 
 Politically, Elder Grant has had some experience, having 
 
 HEBKR J. GRANT. 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 373 
 
 served one term in the Council of the Territorial Legislature 
 and several terms in the city council of Salt Lake City as 
 councilman. 
 
 Personally he is tall and erect in figure, with prominent 
 features which indicate energy and push. He is naturally 
 affectionate, easily moved to tears and quite emotional, but 
 strong in every characteristic of manhood. He was married 
 to Lucy Stringnam in St. George, Utah, November i, 1877, 
 but death dissolved this happy union some years ago. 
 
 He has suffered much, having borne many trials incident 
 to mortality, but is developing a life of high and noble ideals; 
 a faithtul minister and earnest worker of the Church, beloved 
 and honored by all, and deriving supremest joy in his labors 
 as an Apostle. 
 
 \POSTLE JOHN W. TAYLOR. 
 
 WHEN Johnston's army was approaching Utah with, it 
 was believed, hostile intent, the citizens of Salt Lake City 
 prepared to burn their homes, and then moved south. The 
 parents of John Whittaker Taylor located temporarily in 
 Provo, and here the child was born May 15, 1858. His pa- 
 rents were President John Taylor and Sophia Whittaker. 
 When the trouble which caused the exodus abated, the Tay- 
 lor family returned to Salt Lake City, and here the subject 
 of this sketch was reared until he attained his twenty-fifth 
 year, when he married and removed to Cassia county, Idaho. 
 
 In his boyhood days, as in later life, John W. was in- 
 dustrious in his habits, and is endowed with bodily health and 
 a strong, active mind. He has worked on the farm and in 
 his father's sawmill, but his opportunities for scholastic train- 
 ing were limited, his father being somewhat financially 
 embarrassed ;*but nevertheless Elder Taylor acquired a broad- 
 gauge education outside of as well as in the schoolroom, and 
 
374 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 being naturally spiritual-minded, his bent led him to obtain a 
 large fund of religious knowledge which .has been part of his 
 panoply against sin and unrighteousness. In many respects, 
 Elder Taylor is unlike the generality of mankind, possessing, 
 as he does, a combination of traits that is far from common* 
 Of a deeply spiritual nature, he yet discloses a vein of humor 
 that enables him to make apt and witty comparisons; and 
 while his varying traits may be regarded as peculiarities, they 
 are nevertheless evidences of moral strength and indepen- 
 dence of character, as well as orig- 
 inality of thought and action. 
 
 Elder Taylor is essentially a 
 churchman, and most of his life has 
 been devoted to preaching the gos- 
 pel. He has filled many missions 
 and been the means of converting 
 hundreds. In the spring of 1884 
 he was chosen to fill a vacancy in 
 the quorum of the Twelve Apos- 
 tles, being ordained an Apostle on 
 April pth of that year by his father, 
 who was then President- of the 
 Church. 
 
 JOHN W. TAYLOR. . 
 
 He has labored successfully in 
 
 establishing the prosperous colonies in Canada, and was until 
 recently president of the mission which embraces Colorado, 
 Wyoming, New Mexico and Arizona. 
 
 APOSTLE M. W. MERRILL. 
 
 BORN September 25, 1832, in Sackville, Westmoreland 
 county, New Brunswick, Marriner Wood Merrill is the son 
 of Nathan Merrill and Sarah Ann Reynolds. The latter was 
 a member of the Church, having been baptized in 1836, but 
 her husband was not. The spiritual influences of his life be- 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 
 
 375 
 
 gan early to manifest themselves in young Merrill, and 
 became prophetic of what his later years would be. He 
 was converted to his mother's faith, and was baptized into 
 the Church in April, 1852, when nineteen years of age. 
 On September 5th of the same year he was ordained a 
 priest. He was one of a company that crossed the plains 
 and arrived in Salt Lake City September n, 1853. In No- 
 vember, 1853, Mr. Merrill was married to Sarah A. Atkin- 
 son, and immediately thereafter went to Bingham canyon, 
 
 where he passed the winter making 
 shingles. In the spring of the fol- 
 lowing year he moved to Bountiful, 
 where he continued shingle making. 
 In the spring of 1860 he located 
 in Richmond, Cache county, where 
 he established a reputation as a most 
 indefatigable and ceaseless worker. 
 He was selected in 1861 as the 
 second bishop in Richmond, which 
 office he filled for eighteen years, 
 and he also engaged as contractor 
 on the Utah Northern railroad dur- 
 ing its construction. In this capacity 
 he distributed among the people for 
 
 work done some $780,000 dollars, and this was the begin- 
 ning of his financial progress. 
 
 In 1879 Elder Merrill was called to act as a counselor to 
 Stake President William B. Preston, and remained such for 
 ten years. In 1884 he was counselor in the stake to 
 President C. O. Card, and in the same year was appointed to 
 the presidency of the Logan temple, with Apostle Moses 
 Thatcher and Elder N. C. Edlefson as his counselors. In 
 1889 he was ordained an Apostle, and in 1899 he was ap- 
 pointed President of the Cache Stake of Zion. 
 
 During his residence in Cache valley, Elder Merrill has 
 been prominent in the civil affairs of the county and State. 
 
 MARRINER W. MERRILI,. 
 
376 VTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 In 1876 and 1878 he served two terms in the Legislature, and 
 for more than ten years he was a member of the county 
 court. The position of postmaster of Richmond he held for 
 twenty years. In 1896 he was appointed a member of the 
 Agricultural College board, which office he held for nearly 
 four years, and at present he is a member of the Brigham 
 Young College board. 
 
 Elder Merrill's life in Cache valley, and its far-reaching 
 influence throughout northern Utah and southern Idaho, has 
 for many years made him a leading character among men. 
 his great farms, his beautiful homes, his industrial enterprises 
 in dairying and milling, all indicating a high degree of thrift 
 and enterprise. He is a man of strong attachments, of per- 
 sistent effort and indomitable will, of few words and little 
 given to speculative philosophy, but of strong, abiding faith, 
 and his life has ever been characterized by the greatest earn- 
 estness and sincerity. 
 
 APOSTLE M. F. COWLEY. 
 
 BORN in Salt Lake City, August 25, 1858, Matthias Foss 
 Cowley is the son of Matthias Cowley and Elizabeth Foss. 
 This interesting event took place immediately after the return 
 of his parents from Springville, whither they had gone during 
 the "move." Some years after his father's death, which 
 took place in 1864, ms mother married the well-known early 
 civil engineer, Jesse W. Fox, and young Cowley assisted him 
 in his labors in the survey of the Utah Southern railway (since 
 a branch of the Oregon Short Line south of Salt Lake City) 
 for seven summers. In the winter season he attended the 
 Deseret (now Utah) University, his early education being 
 received from his mother. An inborn desire toward religion 
 early developed itself in young Cowley, and while in the 
 surveying field he carried a Bible, which he frequently pe- 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 
 
 377 
 
 rused, his mind becoming permeated with the great principles 
 of life as therein set forth. 
 
 He was baptized November i, 1866, and in October, 
 1874, was ordained a Deacon and Teacher. December 28, 
 1874, h e was ordained an Elder, and in April of the following 
 year he was chosen counselor to Edwin W. Davis of the first 
 quorum of Elders. In February, 1878, he was called on a 
 mission to the Southern States. Prior to his departure on a 
 second mission, Elder Cowley was ordained a Seventy by 
 President Joseph Young, and subsequently thereto he has 
 filled numerous missions, traveling extensively in the interest 
 
 of the Church, and on May 21, 
 1884, he was married to Miss 
 Abbie Hyde in the Logan temple. 
 When President George C. 
 Parkinson was chosen to preside 
 over the Oneida stake, Elder 
 Cowley was made his second 
 counselor, and this position he oc- 
 cupied for ten years, until called 
 to the apostleship. He was or- 
 dained to this office in 1897, and 
 since then his life has been one of 
 great activity in preaching the 
 gospel throughout the earth. His 
 value as a laborer in the cause he 
 espoused has become more pronounced as the years roll by, 
 and his plain simplicity, open-heartedness and rich endow- 
 ment of the spirit of his calling have endeared him to his 
 people everywhere. Standing on the threshold of a great 
 career, Elder Cowley gives promise of the fulfillment of life's 
 highest ideals, the spirituality of his nature developing in 
 grace and beauty and his chiefest aims being the service of: 
 God and Jhe realization of the brotherhood of man. 
 
 MATTHIAS F. COWI,EY. 
 
378 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 APOSTLE A. O. WOODRUFF. 
 
 ABRAHAM OWEN WOODRUFF is the son of President 
 Wilford Woodruff and Emma Smith, and first saw the light 
 of day November 23, 1872, the place of his nativity being a 
 short distance south of Salt Lake City. His education was 
 acquired in the public schools and the Latter-day Saints Col- 
 lege, and when eighteen years of age he was placed in a 
 
 bank, where he served first as 
 a collector and next as assist- 
 ant bookkeeper. 
 
 In 1893 he was called to the 
 Swiss and German mission, but 
 in 1896 he returned to his native 
 city, &nd resumed his work in 
 the bank. On June 3Oth he 
 was married to Miss Helen 
 May Winters. During Octo- 
 ber conference, 1896, he was 
 called to the apostles hip. and 
 on October 7th was ordained to 
 that office by his father. Since 
 his appointment, Elder Woodruff has been most diligent in 
 the high office of his calling. One of his special and success- 
 ful labors being the colonization of the Big Horn country. 
 
 Scrupulous honesty, simplicity, implicit faith in God, 
 industry and a total absence of ostentation are the en- 
 dowments which Apostle Woodruff possesses in marked 
 degree, and being humble and companionable he is in close 
 touch with the people, enjoying their love, confidence and 
 esteem. He is just past the threshold of manhood, his career 
 has but commenced, and the skies are blue and the sun shines 
 o'er his pathway with the promise of a glorious future in "the 
 chosen work, and that his course will be guided by true 
 principle and noble purpose -is unequivocally assured. 
 
 A. O. WOODRUFF. 
 
MORMON CHURCH OM1C1ALS. 379 
 
 APOSTLE RUDGER CLAWSON. 
 
 [Portrait on page 95.] 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was ushered into this life 
 March i, 1857, in Salt Lake City, his parents being Hiram 
 B. Clawson and Margaret Gay Judd. He was educated in 
 the schools of his native city, and after leaving school he 
 became private secretary to John W. Young, then presi- 
 dent of the Utah Western Railway company. In 1879 
 the young man was called on a mission to the Southern 
 States, and it was while laboring in Georgia that his friend 
 and companion missionary, Elder Joseph Standing, was shot 
 down by a brutal mob. In December, 1887, Elder Clawson 
 was called upon to preside over the Box Elder Stake of Zion, 
 and he at once moved thither and entered upon the discharge 
 of his duties. During his presidency new meeting houses 
 were erected in eleven of the fourteen wards of the stake, 
 and a new tabernacle replaced the old one previously de- 
 stroyed by fire, this great task being accomplished in only 
 thirteen months, the building being fully paid for and dedicated 
 within that time. 
 
 President Clawson was called to the apostleship at the 
 general conference held in October, 1898, and on the loth of 
 the month was ordained by President Lorenzo Snow. Since 
 that time he has been occupied in the discharge of the duties 
 of his calling, organizing, instructing and in office work for 
 the Church. Whatever of success he has so far attained in 
 life he attributes to his determination to be guided by the 
 counsel of his brethren, and to always do the right as God 
 gives him to see it, let the consequence follow, whatever it be. 
 
 APOSTLE REED SMOOT. 
 
 [Portrait on page 151. | 
 
 THE son of Abraham O. Smoot and Anna Kirstine Mou- 
 iritsen, Reed Smoot was born January 10, 1862, in Salt Lake 
 
380 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 City. He obtained his early training in private schools in his 
 native city, but in 1872 his father moved to Provo, and here 
 the subject of this sketch has resided ever since. He was 
 baptized at eight years of age in the Endowment House 
 in Salt Lake City, and was ordained a Deacon July 15, 1877. 
 in 1879 he was made a Priest, and in April, 1880, an 
 Elder. Four years later he was ordained a Seventy, and in 
 189^ was ordained a High Priest, At the same time he was 
 appointed as second counselor to President Edward Part- 
 ridge, of the Utah stake. Elder Smoot continued to serve as 
 one of the presidency of that stake until called to the apostle- 
 ship, April 8, 1900. He was ordained by President Lorenzo 
 Snow the day following. 
 
 In the business world, Elder Smoot has made a phenom- 
 enal record. After leaving the Brigham Young Academy, 
 where he passed through all the higher branches then taught 
 there, he entered the service of the Provo Woolen Mills, 
 working successively in every department of the factory. 
 Upon entering the mills he formed the characteristic resolve 
 to become their manager, and this ambition was realized 
 eleven years later. He also occupied an humble position in 
 the Provo Co-operative Institution, beginning at the foot of 
 the ladder; but his energy and faithfulness were rewarded 
 with the superintendency, a position which less than eighteen 
 months before he had resolutely set out to win. He re- 
 mained in the superintendency nearly four years, and in 
 April, 1884, was made manager of the Woolen Mills. 
 
 In 1890 he filled a mission to Europe, and while he had 
 previously visited nearly every State in the Union on business 
 bent, this was his first extended absence from home. Prior 
 to going on this mission he had become totally absorbed in 
 commercial affairs and was fast becoming a man of means 
 and financial influence in the community. After his return 
 from England. October i, 1891, he launched out in business 
 more extensively than ever. He resumed his former position 
 as manager of the Provo Woolen Mills, and for a short time 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 381 
 
 assisted his father as manager of the Provo Lumber, Manu- 
 facturing and Building company. He was the main promoter 
 of the Provo Commercial and Savings bank, and has been 
 from the first its president. He also engaged considerably in 
 mining, and was made vice-president of the Grand Central 
 Mining company, also of the Victoria Mining company. He 
 erected a number of business blocks, and became a director 
 in the Clark-Eldredge company of Salt Lake City as well as 
 in other important concerns. 
 
 Apostle Smoot is tall, well built, and more than usually 
 energetic in all his actions. He is broad-minded, charitable 
 by nature, although unostentatious, the soul of punctuality, 
 courteous and candid, and his genius is practical and progres- 
 sive. In January, 1903, at the second Tuesday's session of 
 the Legislature, he was elected to the proud position of 
 United States Senator on the first ballot, and will undoubtedly 
 make a name and fame for himself in national life akin to 
 the success he has so notably achieved in the business 
 world. 
 
 APOSTLE H. M. SMITH. 
 
 HYRUM MACK SMITH is the eldest son of President Joseph 
 F. Smith and Edna Lambson, and was born in Salt Lake City 
 March 21, 1872. He was carefully and lovingly trained and 
 nurtured in his youth and obtained his education in the public 
 schools, later attending the Latter-day Saints College 
 from which he graduated in June, 1894. On November 
 15, 1895, he married Miss Ida Bowman of Ogden and on 
 the evening of the next day he departed on a mission to Great 
 Britain. 
 
 Upon arriving home in April, 1898, he was set apart as 
 
382 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 a home missionary and also acted as assistant teacher and cor- 
 responding secretary of the 24th quorum of Seventy. He 
 
 was employed at Z. C. M. 
 I., where he remained until 
 October 30, 1901. When 
 the Salt Lake Stake was 
 divided he became a resident 
 of Granite Stake and occu- 
 pied various positions therein. 
 He was called to the apos- 
 tleship October 24, 1901, 
 and was ordained by his 
 father the same day. 
 
 Hyrum M. Smith is in al 
 respects a model young man, 
 never having tasted tea, cof- 
 fee, tobacco nor intoxicating 
 drinks of any kind ; has never 
 taken the name of God in 
 H. M. SMITH. va j n nor befouled his mouth 
 
 with profanity; and is ever found working diligently and 
 earnestly for the success of the great work in which he is 
 engaged. He honors and loves his parents next to his 
 Maker, and is esteemed and loved in return by a host of hi& 
 fellow men. 
 
 JOHN SMITH, PATRIARCH. 
 
 THE sixth presiding Patriarch of the Chureh bears the by 
 no means unfamiliar name of John Smith, and he is so plain 
 and easy-going in his way that the name seems to fit exactly.. 
 He was born in the historic town of Kirtland, Ohio, on Sep- 
 tember 22, 1832, and was one of a family of six children. In 
 1838 he accompanied his father, the Prophet's brother Hyrum, 
 to another historic place Far West, Missouri the persecu- 
 tions at which were fully shared in by the family and resulted 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 
 
 383 
 
 finally in their being driven out of the State. Early in 1839 
 they landed at Quincy, Illinois, moving to the site of Nauvoo 
 soon after. Their story from that time on was that of many 
 others and is an oft-told tale, but no amount of repetition can 
 ever diminish its awfulness. In February, 1847, John pro- 
 ceeded ahead of the family along with Heber C. Kimball,, 
 and his experiences on that 
 trip were many, varied and 
 trying. In September, at 
 Winter Quarters, learning 
 that the family were on the 
 way he turned back and met 
 them, and returning to that 
 place they stayed two win- 
 ters, John building a house, 
 tilling the soil and making 
 himself thoroughly useful all 
 the time. In the spring of 
 1848 the family pulled out 
 for Salt Lake vallty, reach- 
 ing it on September 23, 
 after a series of hardships 
 such as none of those of 
 the present day can appre- 
 ciate even when told of them. 
 John's missionary and plains-crossing work after that would 
 make an interesting book by themselves. Of late years he 
 has given most of his attention to his duties as Patriarch, and 
 it is worthy of note that in this calling he has pronounced 
 blessings upon some 16,000 people. He is something of a 
 farmer, a man of affairs and a good citizen all through. 
 
 JOHN SMITH. 
 
 BISHOP WM. B. PRESTON. 
 
 [Portrait on page 29.] 
 THE full name of the fourth presiding Bishop of the Church 
 
384 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 is William Bowker Preston. He is a native of the proud Old 
 Dominion State, having first beheld the light of day in Franklin 
 county on November 24, 1830. His is a thoroughly historic 
 name, being traceable back to the Scottish kings of a thousand 
 years ago, the line embracing many distinguished names. His 
 earliest recollections are associated with the farm, and these 
 have presumably been of much use to him in his wide and 
 varied experiences in Utah. At nineteen he became clerk in 
 a store and followed this calling till 1852, when he left home 
 and drifted with the tide which was then sweeping onward to 
 the golden shores of California, reaching which and declining 
 to yield to the prevailing fever he obeyed the promptings of 
 his earlier associations by settling down to farming and stock 
 raising in Yolo county. He had as neighbors the Thatcher 
 family, through whom he learned of Mormonism and was soon 
 converted, being baptized in February, 1857. Along with the 
 others he came to Utah in response to the call of President 
 Young because of the approach of Johnston's army. On 
 February 24, 1858, soon after his arrival, Mr. Preston was 
 united in marriage to Miss Harriet A. Thatcher. In the trying 
 times following he became a veritable sentinel on the border, 
 taking up v. ith the duties and labors of the plainsman as 
 readily as though to the manner born. Freighting, merchan- 
 dising and pioneering were the prevailing features of his career, 
 On November 14, 1859, he was ordained Bishop of Logan, 
 of which place he had been one of the founders. He en- 
 gaged in many useful enterprises, among them railroad build- 
 ing, and was always to the fore in matters looking to the wel- 
 fare and advancement of the people. He served several terms 
 in the Territorial Legislature, was presiding Bishop of the 
 county and then President of the Stake, and soon after the 
 death of Bishop Edward Hunter, on October 16, 1883, Presi- 
 dent Preston was called to the office which he now holds, the 
 date of appointment being April 6, 1884. 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 385 
 
 BISHOP R. T. BURTON. 
 
 [Portrait on page 29.] 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is much more widely known 
 than in the connection in which he is here presented, which 
 implies peace and fraternity in their fullest estate. He exem- 
 plifies these in the best possible measure, but he has been a 
 good deal of a fighter, and if the occasion arose would un- 
 doubtedly be one yet, notwithstanding his somewhat advanced 
 years. 
 
 Robert Taylor Burton was born at Amersburg, Canada 
 West, Oct. 25, 1821. The family from which he came was 
 .a numerous one, there being thirteen children besides him- 
 self. In 1837 he first heard Mtfrmonism preached and showed 
 his friendship for its messengers at that early age, being bap- 
 tized into the Church the following year, the family having 
 preceded him. They left for the headquarters of the Saints 
 soon after and remained in Walnut Grove, 111., for two years, 
 removing thence to Nauvoo. They participated in the 
 awful experiences of their people, and Robert T. with his 
 young wife crossed ihe Mississippi river on the ice in Feb- 
 ruary, 1846, camping in snow eighteen inches deep and the 
 temperature below zero. What a delightful honeymoon! 
 Finally they reached the Missouri river about the middle of 
 June, where the aged mother died from the exposures of the 
 trip. Finally they got together in the main emigration 
 movement, arriving in Salt Lake valley atter innumerable 
 hardships in September, 1848. 
 
 Early in 1850 the military company to which he belonged 
 had to take the field to protect the Utah County settlers 
 against the ravages of the redskins, and here young Burton 
 showed military genius of a high order and such native cour- 
 age as is not often met with. The campaign was decidedly 
 successful. In the fall of the same year he was in the field 
 ,against the Shoshones of the north country, in November 
 was again after the Utah County marauders and in December 
 
UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 participated in a very trying campaign against the savages in 
 Tooele County. In June. 1851, he fought them to a finish 
 on the western desert and soon after headed an expedition 
 in aid of District Court process to Green River. He took a 
 large part in the operations against the army under A. S, 
 Johnston, a detailed account of which would make a long 
 story, and would not then be complete without the addition 
 of several more expeditions and achievements each demand- 
 ing more space than can here be given it. He was arrested 
 during the earlier part of the "period of friction," to which 
 abundant space is elsewhere devoted in these pages, on the 
 charge of murder for executing the process of a Federal 
 court and to that court's satisfaction, but was honorably 
 acquitted by a jury composed equally of Mormons and 
 Gentiles. In 1868 he received a commission as major-general 
 at the hands of Governor Durkel, having reached it through 
 the process of regular promotion, his upward progress having 
 embraced every subsidiary rank. He has also held a great 
 number of Church and civil positions and was appointed 
 counselor to Bishop Edward Hunter in 1875 anc ^ * ms present 
 one of first counselor to Bishop Preston on ]uly 31, 1884, 
 He has always brought to his positions the great qualities- 
 of efficiency and thoroughness and has made a name and fame 
 which cannot be effaced. 
 
 BISHOP O. P. MILLER. 
 
 [Portrait on page 29.] 
 
 ORRIN PORTER MILLER, second counselor to Bishop 
 W. B. Preston, is a native son of Utah, his birthplace being 
 Mill Creek, Salt Lake County, the date of arrival Sep. n, 
 1858. He was baptized in his ninth year and advanced 
 rapidly in Church positions. In 1881 he was married to 
 Elizabeth M. Morgan. His positions of honor and trust, 
 civilly and ecclesiastically, would make a very long essay, 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 38T 
 
 and in each and every one he proved so efficient and faithful 
 that promotion was a natural result. When Salt Lake Stake 
 of Zion was divided and Jordan Stake organized out of the 
 southern part, he was called from the Riverton Bishopric to 
 preside, atid the call from this station to his present one was 
 on October 24, 1901. 
 
 Mr. Miller is one of our most popular citizens, his friends 
 being numerous and representative of people of all shades 
 of opinion, religious and political. As a churchman he is 
 sincere and thorough; in business he is efficient and straight- 
 forward; and in every walk of life he is without reproach. In 
 appearance he is tall and commanding and in deportment is- 
 affable and genteel under all circumstances. 
 
 ANDREW JENSON, HISTORIAN.* 
 
 MR. JENSON is a native ot Denmark, having been born 
 in Forsley parish, Hjorring amt, on Dec. n, 1850. He re- 
 ceived as good an education as the common schools of his 
 neighborhood admitted of, and begun his business career at 
 the early age of fourteen, earning enough to pay his way to 
 the United States, for which he set sail in May, 1866; he 
 landed at Nebraska and soon thereafter crossed the plains to 
 Utah, settling at Pleasant Grove, where he lived for sixteen 
 years. He worked hard at farming and other laborious pur- 
 suits, putting in his spare time reading and going to school; 
 his experiences from that time along have been varied and 
 trying, but educational in a practical way to a marked extent. 
 Having been baptized into the Church when but nine years 
 old, he was ordained an Elder on April 10, 1873, and a 
 Seventy in May following. After his return from a mission 
 to his native land, in 1875 ne was married to Kirsten Marie 
 
 * Prest. A. H. L,und is Church Historian. Those named herein are his 
 assistants. 
 
388 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Pedersen, by whom he had four children and who died in 
 1887. He had two other wives, Misses Emma and Bertha 
 
 Howell, by the first of whom 
 he had three children. Mr. 
 Jenson has done great work 
 as a writer and translator, 
 being an editor and author 
 of excellent attainments and 
 extensive experience; he has 
 also held several civil offices 
 and is always 4i on the go," 
 being one of the busiest 
 men in any community. His 
 last mission for the Church 
 was in 1902-3, when he filled 
 a special one to Europe, get- 
 ting out a new edition of 
 the Book of Mormon in 
 the Danish language and at- 
 tending to some historical 
 ANDREW JENSON. work. 
 
 O. F. WHITNEY, HISTORIAN. 
 
 MR. WHITNEY was born July i, 1855, in this city, being 
 the eldest living issue of Horace K. Whitney and Helen Mar 
 Kimball Whitney. His father was one of the Utah Pioneers 
 of July 24, 1847, and occupied many positions of distinction. 
 He was educated in the district schools of his native city and 
 in the University of Deseret (now University of Utah), and 
 his earliest predilections were music and the drama. Was 
 preparing for the stage when called on a mission to go to the 
 Eastern States in October, 1876. While absent corresponded 
 for the home papers, notably the Salt Lake Herald, over the 
 nom de -plume of "lago," by which he acquired considerable 
 reputation. He then began to take a deeper interest in liter- 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 389' 
 
 ature, and aspired to journalism, developing along these lines 
 and in oratory, owing to his practice in preaching. 
 
 Returning from his mission, he became on July 14, 1878,. 
 Bishop of tne Eighteenth ward, Salt Lake City, which office 
 he has since held. About the same time he became connected 
 
 with the News staff as city 
 editor. In December, 1879,. 
 he married, and in February, 
 1880, was elected to the City 
 Council. From the autumn 
 of 1881 to the summer of 
 1883 he was in Europe fill- 
 ing another mission, most of 
 the time in the editorial de- 
 partment of the Millennial 
 Star at Liverpool. Visited 
 various parts of Great Brit- 
 ain, spent a memorable week 
 in the city of Paris, and "did" 
 London thoroughly, living 
 there several months. Re- 
 turning home he again be- 
 came city editor of the News,. 
 o. F. WHITNEY. anc j j n October, 1883, made 
 
 his last appearance upon the stage. A year later he was ap- 
 pointed City Treasurer, and was twice elected to that position. 
 Was Chief Clerk of the House in the Territorial Legislature of 
 1888, and from 1884 to 1890 was Chancellor of the University 
 of Deseret. Mr. Whitney was a member of the Constitutional- 
 Convention and one of the most active and capable members. 
 He was a Senator in the third and fourth State Legislatures. 
 His greatest literary work is the History of Utah, with which 
 all our readers are abundantly familiar, but he has produced 
 many others of decided merit. He is a poet of great and recog- 
 nized ability, his latest effort being a masterpiece an epic en- 
 titled "Elias,"and as a public speaker has very few superiors 
 
390 U1AH AS II IS. 
 
 For several years past Mr. Whitney has been an active 
 assistant in the Church Historian's office. In 1892 he was 
 nominated by the Democrats for the position of County Clerk, 
 but it was not a Democratic year and he went down with his 
 ticket. Personally he is one of the most genial of men; in his 
 friendships as in his faith he is true and steadfast. 
 
 A. M. MUSSER, HISTORIAN. 
 
 [Portrait on page 216.] 
 
 AMOS MILTON MUSSER, assistant to the Church Historian, 
 is a native of Pennsylvania, having been born in Donegal, Lan- 
 caster County, on May 20, 1830. Dependent upon his own 
 labor in childhood for his support and largely that of the fam- 
 ily (his mother being a widow) such dreams of childhood 
 as life being a great playground was in his case dissipated at 
 the beginning and the stern realities having to be grappled 
 with all along have contributed in no small measure to fitting 
 him for the many trials he has passed through. He was one 
 of the youthful modern Spartans who defended Nauvoo 
 against the merciless mobocrats and was frequently a witness 
 of scenes of blood and carnage which might well have appalled 
 older and sterner men. He was baptized into the Church at 
 Kanesville, Iowa, in the spring of 1851 and the fall of the same 
 year saw him safely landed in Zion. There was but little for 
 anybody but hard work in those days, and it is needless to say 
 that he did his part as uncomplainingly as the rest, until the 
 turn in the tide placed the toilers in more desirable circum- 
 stances. 
 
 Elder Musser was for many years what was known as a 
 traveling Bishop, looking after Church affairs of a temporal 
 nature throughout theTerritory and its immediate surroundings. 
 He has been in his present position since his return from a 
 mission to the East Indies, circumnavigating the globe without 
 purse or scrip, in 1857. He is a man of immovable integrity 
 and unswerving fidelity to principle. When sentenced to im- 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 391 
 
 prisonment for refusal to abandon or in any manner besmirch 
 his several families, his demeanor was one approaching sub- 
 limity in its lofty disdain, spurning the means of escape offered 
 as an insult to his manliness and sense of honor. And yet he 
 is not that kind of person in everyday life, being somewhat 
 retiring, always affable and not in the least self-assertive in his 
 manner. He has numerous friends whose company he always 
 enjoys. 
 
 (Mr. Musser's labors and achievements in other depart- 
 ments of life are previously spoken of). 
 
 B. H. ROBERTS, HISTORIAN. 
 
 [Portrait on page 150.] 
 
 AMONG the men of Utah who have made their impress 
 upon both Church and State is Brigham Henry Roberts. He 
 is a type of the self-made men of this country. He begun 
 active life here under very humble circumstances. Reaching 
 the United States from his birthplace (Warrington, Lan- 
 cashire, England) when only nine years old, he settled with 
 his parents at Bountiful, Davis County, this State. He par- 
 ticipated in the hardships incidental to supporting a family 
 by hard labor in the early days and worked in the mining 
 camps of Ophir and Jacob City, Tooele County, for some 
 time. He was apprenticed to the blacksmith trade at the 
 age of seventeen, and whenever opportunities afforded atten- 
 ded the local schools. Instead of squandering his spare 
 hours in pleasure-seeking or idleness, young Roberts persist- 
 ently delved in the published thoughts of the great minds of 
 this and other ages, assimilating as he went along, and was 
 soon able to enter the University of Utah as a normal, gradu- 
 ating in 1878 at the head of his class and being accorded 
 the honor of delivering the valedictory. He afterwards 
 traveled extensively throughout Great Britain and this country, 
 having visited nearly every State in the Union. Politically 
 
392 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 he is a Democrat and acquired his proclivities not by a com- 
 bination of circumstances or because of peculiar situations, 
 but through a close and persistent study of forms and theories 
 of government and social polity, beginning his researches 
 with the studious reading of Blackstone's Commentaries and 
 continuing along that line down to the statutes of the State. 
 His knowledge of history is very great and has been of signal 
 benefit to him in his public and private career. He is one of 
 the most effective speakers in this or any other State and is 
 the author of several volumes of ecclesiastical literature. 
 (Other references to Mr. Roberts occur in different places in 
 this volume.) 
 
 PRESIDENT ANGUS M. CANNON. 
 
 THE President of the Salt Lake Stake of Zion has held 
 his present position since 1876. He was born in Liverpool 
 
 England, on May 17, 1834, 
 his parents being George 
 and Ann Quayle Cannon, one 
 of his brothers the justly re- 
 nowned George Q., and the 
 other members were Mary 
 Alice, Ann, David H. and 
 Leonora. The mother, on 
 her way here, died on ship- 
 board and was entombed in 
 the ocean. Late in 1842 the 
 family reached New Orleans 
 and the following spring 
 made their way to Nauvoo r 
 Illinois. Angus M. entered 
 the Church in 1844, by bap- 
 
 ANGUS M. CANNON. 
 
 tism in the Mississippi river. 
 
 As a boy he shared in many of the harrowing conditions 
 through which his people passed, and after innumerable hard- 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 393 
 
 ships succeeded in reaching Salt Lake valley in October, 
 1849, having walked the entire distance. His pioneering and 
 other work contributed in no small measure towards the 
 building up of the community, and to detail his missionary ex- 
 periences and do them justice would be more than can be 
 undertaken here; and his services in the militia, as a public 
 officer and an enterprising citizen can also but be hinted at. 
 He was one of the goodly army who underwent penal servitude 
 because of their adherence to principle, having had consider- 
 ably more of the ordeal dealt out to him altogether than any 
 one else in the list and stood it remarkably well. Mr. Cannon 
 is the father of 27 children. He is a farmer, a stock raiser, 
 and is largely interested in the mining industry. 
 
 President Cannon's counselors are Joseph E. Taylor and 
 Charles W. Penrose, elsewhere spoken of. 
 
 THE RECENTLY DEPARTED. 
 
 THERE are a great many men and women of note who 
 have gone before that are worthy of special mention in this 
 department; but the restraints of space again make themselves 
 apparent and restrict the mention to those more recently de- 
 parted, embracing the names of Lorenzo Snow, George Q. 
 Cannon, Franklin D. Richards and Brigham Young, Jr. 
 
 LORENZO SNOW, the fifth President of the Church, was 
 born April 30, 1814, in Mantua, Ohio. He was brought up 
 on a farm and became thus inured to manual labor, but his 
 mental faculties were by no means neglected, his spare mo- 
 ments being given largely to reading, which, with the scho- 
 lastic training received and including a term at Oberlin College, 
 made his education far above the average. The discipline of 
 the college was Presbyterian, and young Snow had about de- 
 cided upon a life with religion strictly eliminated; however, 
 
 sae 
 
394 
 
 UTAH AS IT JS 
 
 his gifted sister Eliza R. had previously embraced Mormonism 
 and was constantly laboring with him, which, with improved 
 associations, soon wrought a change in his views and he joined 
 the Church in June, 1836. He was a participant in most of 
 
 the troubles of his people in 
 those stormy days, and as a 
 teacher and missionary ren- 
 dered valuable service at dif- 
 ferent times and in many pla- 
 ces. He came to Salt Lake 
 valley in the fall of 1848, 
 was made an Apostle in 1849, 
 becoming President of the 
 quorum on April 7, 1889, 
 and on October 18, 1898, 
 was called to the Presidency 
 of the Church, President 
 Woodruff having died a few 
 months previously. Presi- 
 dent Snow was one of the 
 victims of the great crusade 
 beginning early in the eight- 
 ies and which began to die 
 out with his own release from 
 
 the penitentiary through the ruling of the U. S. Supreme Court, 
 after serving eleven months imprisonment. He engaged large- 
 ly in business pursuits and was a thorough business man. 
 He served the people for the unusually long term of twenty- 
 nine years in the Legislature, and after a long and eventful 
 life passed away in Salt Lake City on October 10, 1901. 
 
 PRESIDENT LORENZO SNOW. 
 
 GEORGE Q. CANNON, who served as first counselor to 
 Presidents Taylor, Woodruff and Snow, was born in Liverpool, 
 England, on January n, 1827, his parents being natives of 
 
MORMON CHURCH 01P1C1ALU. 
 
 395 
 
 the Isle of Man. The name is thoroughly historic and inter- 
 woven with many events of stirring interest. He became con- 
 verted to Mormon doctrine at an early age and was ordained 
 an Elder on February 9, 1845, at Nauvoo. where he had 
 also learned the printing business in the office of the Times 
 and Seasons, a publication conducted by Elder (afterwards Pres- 
 ident) John Taylor. In 1846 George Q. accompanied the 
 main body of the Saints to Winter Quarters, and the follow- 
 ing year, on October 3rd, 
 reached Salt Lake valley, 
 this being soon after the 
 vanguard of the Pioneers 
 got here. For two years 
 he participated vigorously 
 in the trying work of lay- 
 ing the State's foundation, 
 and was then sent on a 
 mission to California, then 
 an unorganized territory, 
 and the following year 
 went on a mission to the 
 Sandwich Islands, where 
 he had a series of rigorous 
 experiences. He acquired 
 the language easily and 
 translated the Book of 
 Mormon into the native 
 
 tongue. Returning to San Francisco in 1854, ^ e shortly 
 after came on home, but was returned before long to assist in 
 the publication of the Western Standard. To correctly set 
 forth all of his missionary and other experiences in this narrow 
 space would be a manifest impossibilty; suffice it to say, he was 
 and remained one of the most indomitable, indefatigable work- 
 ers in the Church, sharing largely in the persecutions brought 
 upon his people. Among his journalistic experiences were 
 the editorship of the Deseret News and Millennial Star, Liver- 
 
 GEO. Q. CANNON. 
 
396 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 pool. 1860-2; he then proceeded to Washington, having been 
 elected U. S. Senator from the. provisional State of DesereU 
 He never took the seat, but was afterwards a Delegate from the 
 Territory for upwards of nine years, having previously added 
 to his political career several terms in the Legislature. (Some 
 of his experiences will be found in other departments). He was 
 an orator in the front rank, a born statesman and a natural 
 diplomat, of excellent education, good address and pleasing 
 personality. He died on April 12, 1901, at Monterey, Cali- 
 fornia, whether he had gone in quest of health, but the funeral 
 took place in Salt Lake City on April 16, 1901, and was at- 
 tended by a great host of people. 
 
 FRANKLIN DEWEY RICHARDS was a native of Massachu- 
 setts, his birthplace being Richmond, Berkshire county, the 
 time of birth April 2, 1821. He was raised on a farm and 
 between the times of labor inseparable from that calling found 
 opportunity to improve his mind, which he unfailingly availed 
 himself of in the greatest measure. He became at an early 
 age noted as a great reader and at thirteen took a term in Lennox 
 Academy. He was brought up in the Congregational faith, 
 but soon outgrew it. A copy of the Book of Mormon having 
 been left with the family by some Elders, it was eagerly 
 perused by all, but especially by young Franklin, and on June 
 3, 1838, he was baptized by his father Phineas, the latter 
 having of course previously joined. On October 22, 1838, 
 the son set out for Far West, Missouri, and while en route his 
 brother was slain, with several others, by a mob at Haun's 
 Mill. He first met the Prophet Joseph in 1839, and from that 
 time on was a diligent, valiant worker for the Church. He 
 was married to Jane Snyder in 1842, by whom he had several 
 children, elsewhere spoken of. His life for many years was 
 a trying one, what with laboring for the support of his little 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 
 
 397 
 
 family, from whom he was for long periods separated while 
 laboring in the ministry among hostile people. Gathering to- 
 gether as good an equipment for traveling as his limited means 
 would permit, he saw his family depart for the Western wilds 
 and then turned his face resolutely to the East to fulfill a mis- 
 sion to England, which he had started on before but was re- 
 called from on account of the assassination of Joseph and 
 Hyrum Smith. He returned in the spring of 1848 and started 
 
 for Salt Lake valley, reach- 
 ing Winter Quarters in May, 
 1848, where he found his 
 wife and the others who had 
 been able to endure the rigors 
 of the journey from Nauvoo. 
 After innumerable difficul- 
 ties, which must have utterly > 
 crushed less determined 
 people, they reached the val- 
 ley on October 19. On Feb- 
 ruary 12 following he was 
 ordained an Apostle, and in 
 October, 1849, ^ e was again 
 sent upon a mission to Great 
 Britain, having a hard trip 
 all the way. His efficient 
 labors there and since are 
 well known and too volumi- 
 nous to set out in detail. He 
 removed from Salt Lake to Ogden in May, 1869, and in ad- 
 dition to being the presiding ecclesiastical authority in Weber 
 County was Probate Judge for several terms, filling both posi- 
 tions with marked ability and to the general satisfaction of the 
 people. In April, 1889, he was appointed as Church 
 Historian and served several years, and in 1898, with the ac- 
 cession of Lorenzo Snow to the Presidency, he became Pres- 
 
 FRANKUN D. RICHARDS. 
 
398 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 ident of the Twelve Apostles, which position he held till his 
 death, which occurred at Ogden on December 9, 1899. 
 
 Personally, Apostle Richards was one of the most affable 
 men in public life and one of the most upright. With the 
 opportunities at hand from which less scrupulous persons 
 would have amassed fortunes, he died with no more than a 
 competence to his credit. In the pulpit, on the street or at 
 home, he was ever dignified but never distant, his deportment 
 being that of a gentleman by instinct and training. 
 
 APOSTLE BRIGHAM YOUNG. 
 
 THIS son of the great leader of the Mormon people was 
 born in Kirtland, Ohio, on December 18, 1836, his mother 
 being Mary Ann Angell. He was a twin, his sister being 
 
 named Mary and her life was very 
 brief, as a result of the mobbings to 
 which the family was subjected in 
 Missouri. They underwent all 
 manner of privations and persecu- 
 tions. The boy was, even in the 
 midst of trouble, light-hearted and 
 disposed to make the best of every 
 thing, and thus he grew up to man- 
 hood's estate. He was baptized 
 into the Church in the Mississippi 
 river by his father in 1845. It would 
 be quite out of the question to depict 
 the sorrows and sufferings which 
 those devoted people underwent 
 
 while preparing for and engaged in their trip to Utah, in 
 which the boy ever participated and always lent a willing hand 
 in the performance of all the work which such proceedings 
 entailed. As a boy of twelve he drove two yoke of cattle 
 across the plains, reaching the valley in the fall of 1848. On 
 
 BRIGHAM YOUNG, JR. 
 
MORMON CHURCH OFFICIALS. 
 
 399 
 
 November 15, 18^5, he was married to Catherine C. Spencer 
 and subsequently to Jane Carrington. Young Brigham rend- 
 ered efficient service in the "war" of resistance to Colonel 
 Johnston's army and took a very active part in all things of a 
 public nature requiring his assistance, working and contriving 
 along for the support of his family in the meantime. He was 
 on several missions, and in these as in every walk of life was 
 persevering and efficient. He was a singularly open-hearted 
 and free-handed man, always cheery and care-dispelling, was 
 as honest as the day is long and had a multitude of friends 
 wherever known. He died in Salt Lake City on April 13, 
 1903. 
 
 TEMPLE, TABERNACLE AND ASSEMBLY HALL. 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 
 
 PAST AND PRESENT OFFICEHOLDERS AND 
 OTHERS POLITICALLY ENGAGED. 
 
 THE reader will please keep in mind that in this and suc- 
 ceeding chapters the arrangement of the matter has no signi- 
 ficance. The sketches are inserted in, approximately, the 
 order in which they were received. Any other plan would 
 savor of invidiousness, perchance of favoritism, and these are 
 things which this book is supposed to avoid. There may be 
 some few exceptions, occurring by reason of not receiving the 
 cut when the matter was ready, or vice versa, but this, in the 
 light of the explanation, is of no consequence. The presen- 
 tation of a man. or woman, is as conspicuous at the end or 
 any other part of the chapter as at the beginning thereof. 
 
 In this chapter those who hold important offices at the 
 present time, as relating to the State or any division thereof, 
 are given; those who have held office under the State at large 
 are also shown. 
 
 GOVERNOR HEBER M. WELLS. 
 
 [Portrait on pages 100 and n8j. 
 
 THE first Governor of the State of Utah was ushered into 
 this vale of tears on August n, 1859, at Salt Lake City. His 
 father was that sterling citizen and true patriot, Daniel H. 
 Wells, Attorney General of the provisional State of Deseret 
 and several times Mayor of Salt Lake, the mother being 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 401 
 
 Martha Harris. The foundation for what has proved to be a 
 widely known and altogether honorable career was begun a 
 few years later when young Heber started going to school, 
 proceeding from the rudimentary to the more advanced class- 
 es with gratifying rapidity and graduating at sixteen years of 
 age from the Deseret University. Soon after, he entered the 
 service of the city as a deputy tax collector and advanced step 
 by step to the positions of deputy recorder and recorder, the 
 latter by appointment of the City Council in 1882. He was 
 subsequently elected to the same position for three full terms 
 of two years each. In the great struggle for the control of 
 the municipality between the People's party and the Liberals, 
 in 1890, he could have been the former's nominee for Mayor 
 if he had permitted his friends to do all they desired to in that 
 direction, but he peremptorily declined and thereby the party 
 was deprived of some of the strength it would undoubtedly 
 have had with him as the chief standard bearer. Perhaps the 
 result would have been substantially the same, but certainly he 
 would have done as he did on every previous and even subse- 
 quent occasion have to look over his shoulder to see his asso- 
 ciates in the race showing his popularity with all classes of 
 the community. His next position was membership in the 
 Constitutional Convention. 
 
 In the first Republican State convention, which was held 
 in Salt Lake City in the latter part of August, 1895, there 
 was a sharp contest for the nomination for Governor, but Mr. 
 Wells proved an easy winner on the first ballot. On the 
 opening of the campaign he took the field in person and made 
 a thorough canvass of every section of the State. His speeches 
 were devoid of any attempt at rhetorical effect, being plain 
 statements in business-like language, carrying conviction with 
 them. Although pitted against a good man and one who had 
 done the commonwealth much excellent public service John 
 T. Caine Heber was a decided winner. Two years later 
 (nearly a year extra was added to the first term by the Con- 
 stitution, so as to avoid another election so soon after the first), 
 
402 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 he was renominated and this time had as his principal oppo- 
 nent James H, Moyle, another capable, popular man. The 
 result was as before, only a "little more so," and with the com- 
 pletion of this term the Governor will have had the longest 
 continuous period of gubernatorial service of any of Utah's 
 executives and among the longest on record in any of the 
 States. 
 
 Governor Wells is largely interested in various business 
 enterprises, among them the State Bank of Utah, Consolidated 
 Wagon and Machine Co., Brigham Young Trust Co., and 
 different mining companies. He is a member of the order 
 of "Sons of the American Revolution" and "Sons of the Pio- 
 neers," is married and has an interesting family. His admin- 
 istration of all the duties which devolve upon him is marked 
 in every case with thoroughness, uprightness and sagacity. 
 He is a straight Republican but not an extremist, and numbers 
 among his closest friends some of the pronounced Democrats 
 of this and other States. His popularity does not wane but 
 rather increases and it is altogether probable that other and 
 greater honors await him. 
 
 EX-SENATOR FRANK J. CANNON, 
 
 UTAH has enjoyed the unusual, and so far as the last 
 half century is concerned the exclusive, distinction of being 
 represented in Congress by a delegation which was her own 
 product, both Senators and the Representative having been 
 born upon her soil. One was the gentleman whose portrait 
 appears here, the first Senator ever chosen by this State, the 
 others being Joseph L. Rawlins and William H. King, else- 
 where spoken of at length. Mr. Cannon had previously been 
 the Territorial Delegate to Congress, but Statehood cut his 
 term in two, which he didn't regret very much, as he stepped 
 from the lower house where he had no vote and but a limited 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 
 
 403 
 
 voice into the upper one, where he had both without restric- 
 tion and used them most effectively on several occasions.^ ** 
 Mr. Cannon was born forty-two years ago, and except for 
 the intense and continued mental application to which he has 
 subjected himself and which has brought a sprinkling of gray 
 
 among his dark and luxuriant 
 
 hair, would not seem to have 
 reached even that early age. 
 He was the youngest man 
 in the Senate, but he at once 
 took rank with the "grave 
 and reverent seigniors" by 
 means of sterling qualities 
 properly applied, which 
 gained for him recognition 
 and regard from all sides. 
 His demeanor, even when 
 younger, as a Delegate, was 
 at all times and under all cir- 
 cumstances free from the 
 slightest trace of immaturity 
 or awkwardness, by means 
 of which general ability is 
 often of no avail in such 
 places, and he carried him- 
 self into and out of important discussions of abstruse proposi- 
 tions as though he had seen a score of years service. Con- 
 spicuous among these occasions were the Dingley tariff bill 
 debate and the various times when measures relating to the 
 currency or the Cuban situation were before the Senate, in all 
 of which he was decidedly at the fore, standing prominently 
 among those who have been recognized leaders for years. 
 Although a Republican, he was unable to act with the majority 
 of his party in what he conceived to be manifestly unjust 
 measures, and because thereof he placed himself in opposition 
 to-the tariff measure spoken of, to which he offered an amend- 
 
 FRANK J. CANNON 
 
404 UTAH AS 11 IS. 
 
 ment designed to equalize the situation somewhat, his prop- 
 osition being that no protection was proposed for the farmers 
 of the country, and it would be no more than just to them to 
 allow them a bonus on all wheat exported. The amendment 
 failed, of course, but not until Mr. Cannon had placed himself 
 on record as a clear-headed and even-handed champion of the 
 industrialists of the United States. He was perhaps the most 
 active debater on this occasion in the chamber, and made a 
 great speech which was published and distributed throughout 
 the country, eliciting from all quarters most decided expres- 
 sions of commendation. 
 
 Mr. Cannon has held other positions which have brought 
 him into prominence before the public, one of these being that 
 of delegate to the National Republican conventions held at 
 Minneapolis in 1892 and St. Louis in 1896, on both of which 
 occasions he was a conspicuous figure. At St. Louis his inde- 
 pendence of thought and action were again made manifest by 
 walking out of the convention when it refused to take action 
 favorable to silver, a movement in which he was joined by 
 Senator Teller of Colorado and a few others; this attitude 
 he has since steadfastly maintained. 
 
 Mr. Cannon is gifted with a wealth of vocabulary and 
 perspicuity of expression, together with a gracefulness of ac- 
 tion and power and modulation of voice, such as make him an 
 orator in the very front rank. He is a business man of active 
 and untiring disposition, his affairs embracing several mining 
 and commercial enterprises. 
 
 Mr. Cannon is a married man, his wife being Miss Mattie 
 Brown of Ogden, in which city they still live. Five children 
 have been born to them, one of whom is dead. 
 
 EX-SENATOR J. L. RAWLINS. 
 
 ONE of Utah's sons that has climbed the ladder of fame 
 .and stood almost at the top is Joseph Lafayette Rawlins. He 
 
AND OTHER OFFICIALS 
 
 405- 
 
 was born March 28, 1850, in Salt Lake County, and is in the 
 highest sense a self-made man. His parents were Joseph S. 
 and Mary Rawlins, people who shared many of the hardships 
 inseparable from early life in Utah, and who gave their children 
 as much schooling as the times and circumstances permitted. 
 The opportunities were not wasted, for the subject of this ar- 
 ticle had the determination within him to be educated, and this 
 invariably makes limited facilities go a long way, even when 
 
 they are accompanied 
 by such hard work 
 as farm life imposes 
 and of which Mr. 
 Rawlins had an abun- 
 dance. At eighteen 
 he was enabled to 
 enter the Deseret 
 University, where his 
 progress was rapid; 
 and in 1871, having 
 saved suf f ici ent 
 money for the pur- 
 pose, he entered the 
 University of Indiana, 
 where he completed 
 the classical course 
 but was unable tore- 
 main for graduation 
 through lack of 
 
 means. Returning home he was given a chair in the home 
 University and in his spare time read law in the office of Wil- 
 liams, Young & Sheeks and was admitted to the bar in 1874. 
 In 1875 the firm dissolved and Messrs. Sheeks and Rawlins 
 became partners. 
 
 Mr. Rawlins' natural qualifications added to his scholastic 
 attainments wefe soon the means of singling him out for polit- 
 ical._honors, and in 1892 he was nominated by the Democrats- 
 
 JOSEPH L. RAWWNS. 
 
406 U1AH AS II IS. 
 
 for Delegate to Congress and was elected over FrankJ. Cannon 
 by a handsome majority. His record there was so gratifying 
 to his supporters that he was renominated two years later, but 
 by this time Republicanism had begun to secure a firm footing 
 in Utah and the formerly vanquished became the victor. It 
 is proper here to say that his labors in Congress in behalf of 
 Utah brought him a multitude of commendations, these com- 
 ing from the Mormon Church authorities and prominent 
 Republicans among others. 
 
 Mr. Rawlins was the candidate of his party for United 
 States Senator in the first Statehood election, in which there 
 was a Republican victory; but the following year the Demo- 
 crats swept the deck, and after a protracted struggle (which 
 is elsewhere detailed) he was chosen to that distinguished 
 position. That he has filled it with signal ability; that he has 
 been looked upon as one of the most capable men in that 
 grand aggregation where only capable men are supposed to 
 go; that he loyally and ably represented his State and zealously 
 safeguarded her every interest, are matters of which all news- 
 paper readers are already apprised. At this time he is busy 
 in his law office, where there is always enough doing to keep 
 him busy every hour in the day; but that his political career 
 has closed is not in the least degree probable. 
 
 WILLIAM H. KING. 
 
 [Portrait on page 145. J 
 
 MR. KING was born in 1862 in Fillmore City, Millard 
 County, Utah. On his father's side he is of New England 
 stock, the Kings having come to New England in 1630. The 
 family was prominent, having amongst its members Rufus 
 King, the great Federal leader, and William King, the founder 
 of Maine. His paternal grandmother was of the John Han- 
 cock family. His mother was born at New Orleans, but her 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 407 
 
 parents were from Ireland. Until fifteen years of age the sub- 
 ject of this sketch spent his time upon the farm and the ranch; 
 at that age attended the Academy at Provo, remaining two 
 years. In the fall of 1880 he started to the University and 
 was sent to England a few months later as a missionary in 
 the Mormon Church. He then labored in the British isles, 
 spending some little time in Ireland visiting relatives; returned 
 to the United States and spent several months in New York, 
 Massachusetts and Michigan; returned to Utah, and was 
 elected, before reaching his majority, to several offices in Mil- 
 lard County and Fillmore City. Until 1889 he resided there. 
 During that time he served as County Attorney for Millard 
 County for four years and was also engaged in the lumber 
 business. In 1885 was elected to the Legislature, represent- 
 ing Millard and Juab Counties. When Cleveland was first 
 nominated for President, though national party lines were not 
 drawn in the Territory, he made many speeches in the central 
 part in behalf of Democracy and urged a division on party 
 lines. In 1886 he was admitted to the bar, and went to Ann 
 Arbor and graduated from the law department. In 1887 was 
 again elected to the Legislature, representing the former 
 counties. While at Ann Arbor took some interest in politics 
 and made speeches for the Democracy in the State. Was ad- 
 mitted to the Supreme Court of Michigan in April, 1887. In 
 January. 1889, removed to Provo and formed a partnership 
 with S. R. Thurman and George Sutherland, and had an ex- 
 tensive practice with them. In the fall of that year Mr. Suth- 
 erland withdrew and the firm continued as Thurman & King. 
 Continued to practice law at Provo until August, 1894, when 
 he was appointed Judge of the Fourth District Court of Utah 
 and member of the Supreme Court, being appointed by Prest. 
 Cleveland. Prior to the appointment as Judge he held several 
 offices in Utah County, being City Attorney for Provo City 
 and various other cities in the county; was also County At- 
 torney and attorney tor the Mormon Church in the central 
 part of the Territory. 
 
408 UTAH AS JT IS. 
 
 Mr. King was elected to the Legislature in 1891 by the 
 Democrats, and was the President of the first Democratic 
 Legislative Council. He spent the following winter in Wash- 
 ington and was there admitted to the Supreme Court of the 
 United States. When the Sagebrush Democracy was organ- 
 ized he took a prominent part. 
 
 When Statehood came Judge King retired from the Judge- 
 ship; he moved to Salt Lake City and formed a partnership 
 with Arthur Brown and H. P. Henderson, which existed until 
 his election to Congress in 1896. He was nominated by accla- 
 mation and in the election had the wholly unprecedented 
 majority of 18,000. He was again nominated for the vacancy 
 caused by the rejection of B. H. Roberts and elected over 
 J. T. Hammond. In 1902 he met with defeat, Joseph 
 Howell being elected. His services as Representative were 
 most satisfactory and are too well known to need recounting.. 
 
 JAMES T. HAMMOND. 
 
 [Portrait on page 118.] 
 
 MR. HAMMOND is a native of Utah, and 44 years of age. 
 Early in life his parents moved to Cache Valley, where he 
 resided continuously until chosen to his present prosition in 
 1895. There he attended the local schools, and later took a 
 University course; of later years he took up the study of law, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1884. He practiced exten- 
 sively in the courts, and held the office of County Attorney 
 for some years; he also held several other offices, all of which 
 he filled to the complete satisfaction of his constituents. He 
 was twice elected to the Legislative Council and once to the 
 House of Representatives, in which he showed a marked 
 capacity for legislation. He was nominated by the first Re- 
 publican State Convention for Secretary of State, and after an 
 active campaign was elected by a decided majority. In March, 
 1899, he was nominated to Congress to fill the vacancy occa- 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 409 
 
 sioned by the expulsion of B. H. Roberts, but the Republican 
 wave hadn't arrived yet, and he was defeated by W. H. King, 
 by a reduced majority. He was re-nominated for Secretary 
 of State and re-elected by a handsome majority in November, 
 1900. He is a most efficient and affable official. During 
 his administration, largely through legislation which he suc- 
 ceeded in securing, the revenues of his office up to the end of 
 the fiscal year, 1903, amounted to $300,000. 
 
 Personally, Mr. Hammond is one of the most efficient, 
 approachable and accommodating men in the public service. 
 He is a married man. his wife's maiden name being Leonora 
 Blair, and they have three children, all boys. 
 
 JUDGE ROBERT N. BASKIN. 
 
 [Portrait on page 118.] 
 
 JUDGE BASKIN was born at Hillsboro, Ohio, December 
 20, 1837, and educated at Salem Academy, near Chilicothe, 
 in his native State. At an early age he commenced the study 
 of law with James H. Thompson, a celebrated attorney of 
 Salem, remaining in his office a period of two years. He then 
 entered the law school of Harvard University, where he 
 finished his studies and thereafter returned to his native place. 
 Here he formed a partnership with Colonel Collins, who 
 during the war was stationed at Fort Laramie, and in 1865 
 Judge Baskin came to Utah, where he has since remained. 
 
 His legal abilitv speedily brought him into the front rank 
 at the bar and for many years he enjoyed a lucrative practice. 
 He was twice elected Mayor of Salt Lake City, in 1892 and 
 1894. On two previous occasions Judge Baskin was 
 also Liberal candidate for Congress, once in 1872 when he 
 ran against Captain William H. Hooper and again in 1877 
 against Hon. Geo. Q. Cannon, bat was defeated both ti mes 
 
410 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 In 1890 he was elected to the upper house of the Territorial 
 Legislature. In November, 1898, he was honored with elec- 
 tion to the State Supreme bench, being now Chief Justice of 
 that tribunal. In politics he has always been a Jacksonian 
 Democrat of the sturdiest stripe. His characteristics are strik- 
 ing; he is the friendliest friend and the most determined foe, 
 whichever it may be, but to Utah and her people he is 
 staunchly and truly steadfast in his kindly regard. 
 
 JUDGE G. W. BARTCH. 
 
 [Portrait on page 118.] 
 
 GEORGE W. BARTCH, Associate Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of this State and formerly Chief Justice, was born in 
 Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, fifty-four years ago, and spent 
 the earlier part of his life in that Slate. Having received the 
 academic degree, M. S., he began his professional career as a 
 school teacher and for several years he served as superintendent 
 of the public schools of Shenandoah, a position he filled with 
 marked ability. 
 
 In 1872 Judge Bartch began the study of law and in 1884 
 was admitted to the bar of his native State. After practicing 
 law several years he moved to Canyon City, Colorado, where 
 he again entered into the practice of his profession. In 1888 
 he moved to Salt Lake City and opened a law office here. In 
 1889 he was appointed Judge of Probate of Salt Lake County 
 and served continuously in that position until January 4, 1893, 
 when he was appointed by President Harrison to the Supreme 
 bench of the Territory. He was Chief Justice of the State 
 from January i, 1899, to January i, 1901, and will again be 
 Chief Justice from January i, 1905, till January i, 1907. 
 
 During his career on the bench, Judge Bartch has shown 
 great legal ability, integrity and unswerving impartiality, and 
 his course has won the commendation of all parties. He is 
 
STATE AND OTHER 01 1 1C1ALS. 411 
 
 one of the hardest students on the bench and in private life is 
 one of the best of citizens sociable, entertaining, well-informed 
 and lovable. Possessing a charming personality, of generous 
 nature and loyal to his friends, he is well worthy the high 
 honors imposed upon him. 
 
 JUDGE WILLIAM M. McCARTY. 
 
 [Portrait on page 118.] 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born at Alpine, Utah 
 County, Utah, May 15, 1859. ^ n J 863, his parents moved to 
 Dixie, locating in Washington County, where they resided 
 until 1869, when they removed to Summit, Iron County. 
 After a sojourn there of seven years they again removed and 
 settled in Sevier County, where they made their permanent 
 home. 
 
 Young McCarty obtained a good common school educa- 
 tion and in January, 1882, commenced the study of law. He 
 was admitted to the bar of the District Court at Beaver, Sep- 
 tember, 1887, and to the Supreme Court in 1890. In March, 
 1889, he was appointed Assistant U. S. District Attorney and, 
 with the exception of a few brief intervals, held this office 
 until the advent of Statehood. 
 
 Mr. McCarty was in 1892 elected County Attorney for 
 Sevier County and re-elected in 1894. At the first State 
 election he was elected District Judge and re-elected in 1900? 
 running 700 votes ahead of his ticket. 
 
 During his boyhood days and the years of early manhood, 
 Judge McCarty took an active part in the arduous toils inci- 
 dent to pioneer life, working on the farm, in the canyons, at 
 sawmills, driving freight teams and cutting cord- wood. He 
 also worked on railroads, in the mines, and in the winters at- 
 tended school. His common school education was supplemented 
 by a term of sixteen weeks at the Bngham Young Academy 
 
412 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 at Provo in 188182, but never did he have the opportunity 
 of attending law school or the advantage of reading in any 
 law office, his attainments in his profession being gained 
 by self-study and characteristic pluck. That he has succeeded 
 so notably is eminently praiseworthy, and the honors he has 
 modestly won are ample testimony to his worth as a lawyer 
 and jurist as well as of public appreciation. Especially was 
 this attested by his election to the Supreme bench in 1902, a 
 position he is filling with conceded ability. 
 
 JOSEPH HOWELL, REPRESENTATIVE. 
 
 JOSEPH HOWELL was born at Brigham City, February 
 , and at the age of six was moved to Wellsville, 
 
 Cache County. He was edu- 
 cated in the common schools,, 
 with the exception of six 
 months at the University in 
 Salt Lake City, in 1870-71. 
 He taught school for five 
 years after leaving the Uni- 
 versity, having previously 
 teamed and freighted con- 
 siderably. Made a success- 
 full trip to Great Britain in 
 1882. Was elected Mayor 
 of Wellsville, in 1882, and 
 served three terms. Was 
 elected to the lower house 
 of the Legislature in 1884 
 '86-'88, and was elected to 
 the State Senate in 1898. 
 JOSEPH HOWBM,. He was married at t he age 
 
 of 21 to a daughter of Bishop Maughan, of Wellsville, from 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 
 
 413 
 
 which place he recently removed and is now permanently 
 settled in Logan. 
 
 In 1902 Mr. Howell was nominated by the Republicans 
 for Representative to Congress; and after an exciting cam- 
 paign, in which he took a very active part, he was elected, 
 defeating so strong and capable a man as W. H. King. That 
 he will give a good account of himself is well assured. 
 
 JUDGE WILLIAM C. HALL. 
 
 There are few public officers in our midsU better known 
 than Judge Hall. He has been a resident of Utah for many 
 
 years, but is a native of 
 the Blue Grass State, 
 having been born in Pen- 
 dleton County in 1842. 
 He attended the common 
 schools and was rounding 
 out his educational term 
 at Seeley College when 
 the little misunderstanding 
 between the North and 
 South culminated, when 
 he at once aligned himself 
 with the gallant hosts who 
 fought under the Stars and 
 Bars, and there he re- 
 mained till the surrender 
 at Appomatox. His mili- 
 tary experiences were try- 
 ing and widespread, and 
 the manner in which he 
 stayed with the cause un- 
 der such wearing circumstances and at so youthful an age 
 
 WILLIAM C. 
 
414 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 marked him at once as a man who would forge to the front 
 anywhere. 
 
 After the war he betook himself to the ways of peace 
 and decided upon becoming a lawyer. He entered the office 
 of John W. Stevenson, one of Kentucky's most illustrious sons, 
 who among other distinctions has been Governor and United 
 States Senator. After being admitted to the bar Mr. Hall went 
 into active practice and finally followed the Star of Empire, 
 bringing up in Utah in 1872, where he has been ever since 
 and will remain till the finish. Here he has been signally suc- 
 cessful, his talents as a mining lawyer particularly making him 
 quite conspicuous. He has held several official stations, among 
 them memb,er of the Legislature and Attorney for Salt Lake 
 City. In 1900 he was nominated by the Democrats for Judge 
 of the Third District Court and elected by a decided majority, 
 although the district otherwise went Republican. He has 
 made a most satisfactory record in this and all other capacities. 
 
 Judge Hall was prominently named in connection with 
 the nomination for Congressman in 1902, but having little 
 taste for political contests he did not encourage his friends to 
 push him, when he might have won. He has always been 
 a conservative, impartial man, and in the days when the social 
 elements were clashing most fiercely, he kept aloof from radi- 
 cal measures and extreme issues, gaining friends thereby who 
 will always remember him. Being 'a man of equable temper- 
 ament and affable disposition, he is quite approachable at all 
 times and thereby enjoys a measure of popularity which is 
 not limited to any party or creed. He is a man of family, 
 and that counts for something in Utah quite as much as any- 
 where in the world. It is safe to say that the limit of his 
 public stations has by no means been reached; men of his 
 class always find plenty of room at the top. 
 
STA'lE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 
 
 415 
 
 A. B. LEWIS, MINING OPERATOR AND 
 STATE SENATOR. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch is a native of Ohio, having 
 "been born in Erie County in 1857. He did not remain at his 
 birthplace very long, for we find him in Illinois in 1864, then 
 six years later in Nebraska, Illinois being returned to in 
 1885. He went to the schools of the neighborhood and 
 made the most of his opportunities, and having a receptive, 
 retentive and comprehen- 
 sive mentality, made ex- 
 cellent advancement, pro- 
 ceeding from one grade 
 to another in a manner 
 that was gratifying to his 
 relatives and friends. But 
 after a comparatively lim- 
 ited season his school 
 training ended, at the age 
 of twelve, after which he 
 studied at home, where 
 he succeeded in equip- 
 ping himself in an ade- 
 quate manner for the 
 battle of life. So well 
 were these studies car- 
 ried on that he was then 
 equipped for college, and 
 
 we find him there at A ' B ' I ' EWIS - 
 
 twenty-two years of age, having during his term of study 
 lost no time and taken the best possible advantage of 
 every opportunity which was afforded him. He then pro- 
 ceeded to put his attainments to practical use, and at twenty- 
 five he was superintendent of county schools for Greeley 
 County, Nebraska. After some varied experiences in the 
 
416 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 journalistic field, occupying every newspaper position, he de- 
 cided to take up the business of mining and with that object 
 in view came to Wyoming in 1888, where, as well as in Colo- 
 rado, he was soon in full swing and operated successfully for 
 a number of years. In 1896 the fame of Utah proved too 
 strong an attraction to resist and he wended his way hither. 
 Inspection showed him that the reputation our commonwealth 
 had earned was well bestowed and he began operations at 
 once, continuing with varying fortunes, but still with a steady 
 trend toward the goal, until in 1897 he began securing options 
 on properties on the west side of Beaver valley, where are 
 situated the now well known mines of the Majestic, Imperial, 
 Royal and Cactus companies, being also the owner of the 
 famous Comet interests in Iron, Washington and Box Elder 
 Counties. He is also harnessing the waters of Beaver river 
 to a power plant which will produce power enough to operate 
 all the mines in three southern Utah counties. The great 
 smelter now approaching completion near Milford will be 
 another monument to his enterprise and perseverance; this 
 will be one of the largest in the West, having a capacity 
 greater than any other but one in the State. He is also en- 
 gaged in various business enterprises there and elsewhere, and 
 is altogether one of the most active and decidedly all-round 
 citizens any State can boast of. 
 
 In May, 1903, Mr. Lewis, having no doubt an eye to 
 more extensive operations, resigned the presidency of the 
 Majestic Company and proceeded lo organize the Royal 
 Mining Company, in which he was entirely successful and of 
 which great enterprise he stands at the head. He is further 
 engaged in a great combination having in view the control and 
 working of large tracts of the celebrated iron fields of Iron 
 County, where probably the greatest investments in the State 
 will be if they have not already been made. But it is not in 
 the mining field alone that he is making giant strides as pre- 
 viously suggested. Having obtained the necessary franchises, 
 he has under construction a mammoth reservoir scheme near 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 417 
 
 Minersville, by which the present worthless, but decidedly 
 rich soil north and west of that town will be made productive, 
 while that which produces will be greatly added to. He has 
 obtained control of some 18,000 acres himself and will soon 
 put it to good use. 
 
 Mr. Lewis took hold of Beaver County when it sadly 
 needed taking hold of. It had a black eye as relates to min- 
 ing affairs and was very much in the ruts of old-time slowness. 
 It was the case for years that no matter how meritorious a 
 prospect one might have, the fact that it was located in Beaver 
 County headed off negotiations looking to assistance for devel- 
 opment; but all that is changed now and Beaver properties 
 are as eagerly sought for as any others, if not a little more so 
 than the generality. This if not the direct work of Mr. 
 Lewis, is more attributable to him than to any other person 
 in the State. Besides, he has been a benefactor in other ways, 
 giving employment directly or indirectly to some 300 men 
 where little or none was to be had before, and this goodly 
 army will soon be largely augmented. This alone means 
 very much for the southern country, and it is no wonder that 
 at the last general election the people there overthrew political 
 distinctions and gave him a large majority for State Senator 
 in a district which was previously the stronghold of his politi- 
 cal opponents, a feat which was previously considered impos- 
 sible. It is in fact a reasonable conclusion that his general 
 career here has been no more than fairly begun, but will pro- 
 ceed from the commencement with gratifying rapidity and 
 growth. The future undoubtedly contains much for him. 
 
 A. L. HAMLIN, REPRESENTATIVE. 
 
 MR. HAMLIN, who is a lineal descendent of the man 
 who was Vice-President under Lincoln, is a type of the sturdy 
 
418 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 characteristics and general hardihood indigenous to the North- 
 western States, many of which class of people have found 
 their way to Utah and made their homes here. He was born 
 near Spring Valley, Minnesota, on October i, 1858, and when 
 old enough attended the common schools till sixteen years of 
 age. He then entered into an apprenticeship at the carpenter's 
 trade, and followed it capably and successfully. He took up 
 the business of contractor soon after emerging from the toils 
 of his apprenticeship and followed it with success till 1879, 
 
 when he moved to Brookings 
 County, South Dakota, and en- 
 gaged in the same pursuits there 
 for eleven years, being one of the 
 pioneers in opening that section 
 of the country. He found time to 
 engage in political affairs, and 
 aligning himself with the straight 
 Republicans, became an active 
 and influential member. In 1890 
 he decided to cast his lot with the 
 people of Utah and has been here 
 ever since, without undergoing 
 any important changes in either 
 person, politics or business, the 
 latter especially having been pro- 
 ductive of good results right 
 along and all the time. His poli- 
 tical offiliations and nearness to the working classes were the 
 means of landing him in the lower house of the fourth State 
 Legislature, where he made so good a record for ability, in- 
 dustry and integrity that he had no difficulty in securing a 
 re-nomination and re-election to the fifth Legislature, where 
 his services again made him prominent. He stands high with 
 employers, employed and all who know him and can undoubt- 
 edly have a political future if he draws for it. 
 
 Mr. Hamlin has a goodly family and is in that as in all 
 
 A. I,. HAMLIN. 
 
STA1E AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 
 
 419 
 
 other respects a goodly citizen . He attends to his own affairs 
 so much he has but little if any time to look after the squabbles 
 of other people. 
 
 F. D. HOBBS, U. S. REGISTER. 
 
 FRANK D. HOBBS, the Register of the United States 
 Land Office for Utah, whose office is at Salt Lake City, is a 
 native of North Hampton, New Hampshire. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of his native town and at Phillips 
 
 Academy, \ndover, Massa- 
 chusetts. He graduated from 
 the National University Law 
 School of Washington, D. C., 
 and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1877. Mr. Hobbs was a 
 soldier in the war of the re- 
 bellion and was seriously 
 disabled while serving his 
 country in that capacity. He 
 was appointed Register in 
 1889, was re-appointed in 
 1898, and again in 1902. By 
 reason of his long term of 
 service he has become "one 
 of us" in all material respects 
 and is a citizen who enjoys 
 F. D. HOBBS. the esteem of all who know 
 
 him. Undoubtedly he is a 
 
 Republican in politics, but is not an "offensive partisan," and 
 administers the duties of his responsible calling with imparti- 
 ality and fairness to all. He is quite active notwithstanding 
 the physical disability imposed upon him in the service of 
 
420 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 his country, and is a pleasant, agreeable gentleman as well as 
 a most efficient officer. 
 
 GEORGE A. SMITH, U. S. RECEIVER. 
 
 THIS son of the well known Apostle John Henry Smith 
 and his wite Sarah Farr, was ushered into this life in Salt 
 Lake City on April 4, 1870. He received as good an edu- 
 cation as the district schools could give and rounded it out 
 with a term each in the Brigham Young Academy at Provo 
 and the Utah University. He then entered the employment 
 
 of Z. C. M. I. clothing fac- 
 tory and later had a position 
 in its store, also in the Co- 
 operative Wagon and Ma- 
 chine Company. He was 
 appointed to his present po- 
 sition of Receiver of the Land 
 Office by President McKinley 
 in 1898. From 1892 to 1894 
 he performed missionary 
 workfor the Mormon Church 
 in the Southern States, act- 
 ing as secretary of the mis- 
 sion, and held several ec- 
 clesiastical stations at home; 
 is also a director in the Utah 
 National Bank and Cun- 
 nington & Cp's. Mr. Smith 
 has been active in politics for 
 
 several years, and was one of the small but undaunted array 
 who bore the banner of McKinley in 1896, when the State 
 gave a Democratic majority of 52,000. He has traveled ex- 
 tensively in the United States and visited several of the lead- 
 
 GEO. A. SMITH. 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 
 
 421 
 
 ing cities of Europe. He is a good-natured and efficient 
 official. 
 
 EDWARD H. ANDERSON, U. S. SURVEYOR. 
 
 EDWARD H. ANDERSON was born October 8, 1858, in 
 Sweden, and came to Utah in 1864. He herded cows near 
 the penitentiary for a year or so, then moved to Farmington, 
 where he went to school to Aunt Huldah Kimball, and in 1868* 
 went to Weber, where he worked on a farm and attended 
 school, graduating from the normal department of the Univer- 
 sity in 1877. He taught school three years, and began the 
 
 newspaper business in Ogden 
 in 1879, staying with it for a 
 decade on the Junction^ 
 Herald and Standard, being 
 manager of the last two. He 
 was Superintendent of 
 Schools in Weber for eight 
 years, and edited the Contri- 
 butor in this city for two 
 years. In 1890 he went on 
 a mission to Scandinavia, 
 presiding over the mission; 
 returned and wrote two 
 books for the Cannons, ''Life 
 of Brigham Young" and 
 "Brief History of the 
 Church." Was elected Og- 
 den City Recorder in 1893, 
 and served three terms (six 
 years), quitting to edit the 
 Improvement Era, of which he is now editor. Has held many 
 ecclesiastical offices, and was a member of the High Coun- 
 cil of Weber. Was elected 10 the fourth Legislature by a large 
 
 E. H. ANDERSON. 
 
422 U1AH AS II IS. 
 
 majority. He was appointed by President McKinley Sur- 
 veyor General of Utah, a deserved recognition. 
 
 JOHN DE GREY DiXON, STATE TREASURER. 
 
 [Portrait on page 118. J 
 
 MR. DIXON was born in Salt Lake City on July 16, 1867, 
 and is the son of Henry Aldous Dixon and Sarah De Grey 
 Dixon. His parents removed to Provo in the year 1870, 
 where he has resided ever since until his present position re- 
 quired his making Salt Lake City his residence. His father 
 was born in Grahamstown, South Africa; he became a mem- 
 ber of the Mormon Church and upon his arrival in Utah in 
 the year 1856, at once took an active part in the affairs of the 
 Church, and in the development of the new Territory. After 
 a residence here of about three years, he went as a missionary 
 to England and South Africa, and in that service spent one 
 year in England and three years in the latter country. Having 
 received his second call to fill a mission, he left for England 
 in November, 1879. After his return to Utah he was variously 
 employed until his death, which occurred in April, 1884, when 
 he was m charge of the Provo branch of Zion's Co-operative 
 Mercantile Institution. 
 
 When the subject of this sketch was three years old, his 
 parents removed to Provo from Salt Lake City, and in the 
 former city he spent his boyhood days. He was a short time 
 an attendant of the public schools and entered the Brigham 
 Young Academy at its commencement and remained with it 
 until he had taken a course in the normal department, but 
 owing to the departure of his father was forced to end his 
 studies and earn his own livelihood. His first work was in 
 bricklaying, which he followed for a period of four years, 
 during which time he assisted in the erection of the State 
 Mental Hospital, at Provo, Brigham Young Academy, Taber- 
 nacle, bank, theatre and other prominent buildings. He also 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 423 
 
 kept the books of his employers, who were engaged in various 
 other enterprises. Later he was appointed Secretary of the 
 Provo school district and successfully administered the duties 
 of that position for six years. He was clerk a short time to 
 President A. O. Smoot, who later secured for him a position 
 as bookkeeper, which position he held for four years. While 
 in that service he was appointed to fill the unexpired term of 
 Dr. J. E. Talmage in the Provo City Council occasioned by 
 the former's removal to Salt Lake City, and was later elected 
 to serve a complete term, the ticket on which he was nomi- 
 nated and elected being the last put forward by the old 
 People's party. During the term of his office he was an 
 ernest advocate of improvements and aided largely in giving 
 Provo its system of waterworks, which were secured at a 
 cost of $125,000, besides improvements in the health and sani- 
 tary conditions of the city. In the spring of 1890 Mr. Dixon 
 resigned from the service of the Provo Lumber & Building 
 Co. and entered into a partnership with Taylor Brothers in 
 the furniture, stove, crockery and music business, located at 
 Provo. The firm incorporated the following year under the 
 laws of the Territory and Mr. Dixon was elected secretary 
 and treasurer, and continued to hold those positions since that 
 time until his election as State Treasurer; his entire time and 
 attention were given to the business of this company, in which 
 he was also a director, with the exception of two years, 1896- 
 97 when the Church called him to take a mission to the 
 Southern States; upon his return from this successful mission, 
 he resumed his former position and continued there until nom- 
 inated upon the Republican ticket and elected State Treasurer 
 in the fall of 1900. He carried his own county by a majority 
 of 820 votes, the average majority being about 300. It should 
 be mentioned here that he was elected City Recorder of Provo 
 and -served one term covering the years 1894-96; also that 
 two years later he was nominated on the Republican ticket 
 for County Clerk, and after a vigorous campaign was defeated 
 by -a bare margin of 88 votes. The strength he developed in 
 
424 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 this contest practically led to his nomination and subsequent 
 election as State Treasurer in 1900. Throughout his political 
 career Mr. Dixon has always been a Republican since the or- 
 ganization of the party in Utah. He is one of its most ardent 
 supporters, and active workers. In the church of his choice 
 he has taken an active part. 
 
 Mr. Dixon is married, his wife being formerly Sarah 
 Lewis, daughter ot Bishop William J. Lewis, of the Provo 
 Third Ward, and they have five children, four sons and one 
 daughter. The position which Mr. Dixon has achieved has 
 been the result of constant hard work, unflinching application 
 and industry. He is truly a self-made man and has won his 
 place by his own merit and ability. 
 
 C. S. TINGEY, STATE AUDITOR. 
 
 [Portrait on page n8.J 
 
 THE State Auditor is a son of John Tingey of this city,, 
 where he was born in 1859. At the age of eleven years he 
 went to work in a brick yard, working in summer months and 
 attending the Deseret University during the winter. At four- 
 teen he secured a position with a mercantile house in Salt 
 Lake City, which position he held for seven years. In 1880 
 he purchased an interest in a business in Kaysville, which was 
 conducted with success under the firm name of Stewart & 
 Tingey until 1885, when on account of failing health he sold 
 his interest to his partner and purchased a ranch in Juab 
 County, and was employed in ranching and stock-raising until 
 1890, when he accepted a position as bookkeeper with C. 
 Andrews & Co., the wool and grain merchants of Nephi. In 
 1892 he took charge of the mercantile business of Hyde & 
 Whitmore, at Nephi, and in 1893 was given the position of 
 cashier of the Nephi Savings Bank & Trust Co., resign- 
 ing this position in 1894 to accept a position as cashier 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 425 
 
 of ihe First National Bank of Nephi. He was a member of 
 the school board of Nephi for several years and served one 
 term as County Superintendent of Schools for Juab County. 
 Mr. Tingey was married in 1880 to Miss Sarah L. Hyde, 
 at Salt Lake City, his wife being a daughter of William Hyde, 
 formerly of Salt Lake. He is thoroughly qualified for the 
 Auditorship, as his record plainly discloses. 
 
 A. C. NELSON, STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF 
 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 
 
 [Portrait on page n8.J 
 
 MR. NELSON was born January 20, 1864, at Ephraim, 
 Sanpete County, and at an early age developed many of the 
 characteristics of the sturdiness of habit and fertility of intellect 
 of that favored section. He was educated at the Brigham 
 Young Academy and the Indiana Central University. From 
 the former institution he holds the degree of Pd. B., from the 
 latter the degree of Ph. B. He has had fifteen years expe- 
 rience in school work and has taught in all the grades from 
 the primary up to and including the High School. He con- 
 ducted the Manti College summer school two years and has 
 been President of this school. Was appointed 1899 as a 
 member of the State Board of Education, and has been County 
 Superintendent of schools four and one-half vears. While in 
 this position his county spent $90,000 in erecting school 
 houses, a most gratifying and enduring monument. 
 
 It will be observed by Mr. Nelson's experience that he is 
 finely equipped for the duties of State Superintendent, to which 
 he was elected in 1900 by a vote as large as any on the Re- 
 publican ticket. Being a young man he has much to look 
 forward to. 
 
 ARTHUR L. THOMAS. 
 
 MR. THOMAS, who was both Governor and Secretary of 
 Utah Territory and is now Postmaster of Salt Lake City, was 
 
426 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS, 
 
 born August 22, 1851, at Chicago, Illinois. Was taken by his 
 parents in 1853 to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where he attended 
 the public schools and was afterwards taught by private tutors. 
 In April, 1869, he was appointed clerk in the U. S. House of 
 Representatives, serving until April, 1879, when he was ap- 
 pointed Secretary of Utah, which meant being Governor for 
 different periods at various times, and was re-appointed, 
 
 the record being as fol- 
 lows; 
 
 Mr. Thomas was ap- 
 pointed in April, 1879, 
 
 ^HB|P^ Secretary of the Territory 
 
 f of Utah by President 
 
 |[ Hayes; he was re-ap- 
 
 pointed by President Ar- 
 thur in April, 1883, and 
 served until April, 1887, 
 eight years in all, a longer 
 period than any other Sec- 
 retary in the history of the 
 Territory. 
 
 In 1880 he was ap- 
 pointed Supervisor of the 
 Census for the district of 
 Utah, and in 1881 was 
 appointed a special agent 
 of the Government to col- 
 lect the statistics of schools 
 and churches. In 1884 he 
 was elected by the Legislative Assembly one of four com- 
 missioners to compile the laws of the Territory, and in 1888 
 a director of the Deseret Agricultural and Manufacturing 
 Society. 
 
 He was acting Governor of the Territory for all but five 
 days of the Legislative Assembly of 1882, and for one-half 
 the session of 1884; was appointed in December, 1886, a 
 
STATE AND OTHER OfPlClALS. 427 
 
 member of the Utah commission to succeed A. S. Paddock, 
 elected U. S. Senator from Nebraska; and in April, 1889, he 
 was tendered by the President the office of Governor of Utah, 
 and qualified on May 6th, 1889. 
 
 Governor Thomas has been a remarkably active and 
 useful public official, and the evidences of his work are to be 
 found in every department of our Territorial and State govern- 
 ment for a period covering nearly twenty-five years. Partic- 
 ulary is this to be seen in the public buildings erected. He 
 was the chairman of the commission which selected the plans 
 and commenced the erection of the present modern equipped 
 State Penitentiary; also of the board which completed the 
 Reform School buildings; the Agricultural Exposition building 
 on the loth Ward square; one of the additions to the Insane 
 Asylum, and also the first of the great Agricultural College 
 buildings at Logan, Utah. The college's building history is 
 unique in one respect; the plans were selected and the building 
 completed by the board, of which Governor Thomas was the 
 chairman, within the appropriation and a surplus was returned 
 to the treasury. He has also had much to do with the work 
 of simplifying many of the laws. He drafted the bill which 
 abolished the cumbersome system of having the people pay 
 city, county and school taxes at different offices and times; 
 he also drafted the bill which radically changed the tax sale 
 laws, reducing the expense to the non-payers. He drafted the 
 law compiling and simplifying the corporation laws. In short, 
 his energetic work for good can be found in every depart- 
 ment of the fiscal system of the State. 
 
 In 1885 acting Governor Thomas was placed in a trying 
 position by the action of the Federal Court in the celebrated 
 Hopt case. The court had refused to perform a plain duty 
 and grant Hopt a stay of sentence, pending his appeal to the 
 Supreme Court of the United States. Hopt appealed to 
 acting Governor Thomas for a respite. The people became 
 greatly excited and demanded that the murderer be executed. 
 The streets were thronged on the morning of the day fixed 
 
428 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 for the execution, and a great mass meeting was held in the 
 Walker Opera House which adopted resolutions demanding 
 that the law be allowed to take its course and Hopt be exe- 
 cuted. In the face of this popular clamor Governor Thomas 
 decided the prisoner was entitled under the law to a respite, 
 and granted it. He was at first severely condemned, but 
 public opinion rapidly changed, and his course was applauded. 
 The Supreme Court of the United States subsequently granted 
 Hopt a new trial, thus vindicating the Governor's action in 
 the most pronounced and authoritative way. 
 
 He approved the first absolutely free school law in the 
 Territory. His reports to the Government were comprehen- 
 sive and voluminous, and in these respects unique and valuable 
 as compared with those of most of his predecessors, and his 
 messages to the Legislature always commanded approval. 
 
 Mr. Thomas, while by no means backward in insisting 
 that the laws be obeyed, was never a fire-eater like many other 
 "Liberals," and always gave the Mormons fair treatment. 
 His uprightness and impartiality made him both friends and 
 enemies, but neither caused him to swerve from the plain line 
 of his duty as he saw it. He was appointed postmaster in 
 January, 1888, by President McKinley and re-appointed in 
 1902 by President Roosevelt. In his present office he is effi- 
 cient, affable and obliging and has added much to the service 
 here. 
 
 WILLIAM GLASMANN. 
 
 [Portrait on page 157.] 
 
 THE Mayor of Ogden, who is also an ex-Legislator and 
 editor of the Standard, was born November 12, 1858, at 
 Davenport, Iowa. In 1871, at the early age of thirteen years, 
 he took the advice of Horace Greeley, "Go west, young man> 
 and grow up with the country." He served an apprenticeship 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 429 
 
 of three years at the saddlery and harness-making trade, and 
 then, following the path of many journeymen saddlers, traveled 
 through the country working at his trade in every State and 
 Territory west of the Mississippi river during the years up to 
 1880, when he came to Utah, where he has since resided, ex- 
 cept for eighteen months spent in Montana. 
 
 During the boom years of the capital city, iSSp-'po, his 
 firm (Lynch & Glasmann), becoming over-confident like many 
 speculators, purchased property at the topmost figure and 
 when the boom collapsed, the shrinking values forced a disso- 
 lution of the firm, followed by a division of their property and 
 a large amount of debts. In the division to Mr. Glasmann fell 
 a herd of a hundred buffalo and a beautiful ranch at Lake 
 Point, in Tooele County, and he promptly removed to the 
 ranch, where he became a successful buffalo breeder and 
 lucern farmer, remaining there until the fall of 1892, when he 
 took up the cause of the Republican party. He was selected 
 as the advance agent of Senator Frank J. Cannon's first polit- 
 ical campaign, and was the first Republican speaker who 
 visited southern Utah. During that campaign he organized 
 Republican clubs in almost every county in the State. 
 
 After the defeat of Cannon for Congress, the Ogden 
 Standard was about to go to the wall under an indebtedness 
 very heavy. The friendship of Frank Cannon and William 
 Glasmann was then quite pronounced, and the result was Mr. 
 Glasmann placed himself under the Standard burden, and on' 
 January i, 1893, he became the business manager. The buf- 
 talo herd was gradually absorbed by the Standard, being sold 
 and scattered to all parts of the world, twelve head, the last 
 of the famous one hundred, being sold to John E. Dooly and 
 White & Sons, Salt Lake, and placed on Antelope island in the 
 Great Salt Lake. The ranch also went by the way of mort- 
 gage into printer's ink. In 1894 Mr. Cannon stepped out of 
 the editorship of the Standard, and Mr. Glasmann became 
 editor and manager. He at once became a noted writer. 
 When the "soup house days" were on the land and the indus- 
 
430 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 trial army was crossing the continent from San Francisco, 
 under General Kelly, they were halted at Ogden by Governor 
 West, who brought with him the Utah militia with their Gatling 
 guns and attempted to turn back towards California the 
 "Commonwealers." Mr. Glasmann here showed his sympathy 
 and espoused the cause of the 1,500 men who were housed 
 in the stock-yards, and in earnest and patriotic editorials 
 aroused the sympathy of the people to such an extent that in 
 spite of the Governor, his soldiers and their Gatling guns, the 
 industrial army marched through the city led by Mr. Glas- 
 mann and the Mayor of Ogden City and escorted by hundreds 
 of citizens, taking up their march again toward the capital of 
 the Nation. When the poor fellows were marching through 
 the streets barefooted and barebacked, Mr. Glasmann called 
 on the citizens to provide for them necessary wearing apparel, 
 and directed that contributions be sent to the Standard office. 
 Nine wagon loads of clothing and seven of food were the 
 contributions of one day, sufficient to clothe and feed the en- 
 tire army, and leaving enough to supply the second army of 
 300 men under General Smith. This fearless championship 
 of these poor, defenseless men was one of the acts of Mr. Glas- 
 mann's life of which he is proud. The industrial army voted 
 resolutions of thanks, the people of Ogden at a great mass 
 meeting crowned him with the title "The Defender of the 
 People's Rights," and the Southern Pacific railroad tendered 
 its thanks to Mr. Glasmann, because Governor West intended 
 to force the railway to haul these men back to California 
 against their will. 
 
 Acts like these advanced the Standard with the people 
 of Ogden, and the paper became self-supporting and has pros- 
 pered in spite of the opposition brought against it. 
 
 Mr. Glasmann believes in Utah and her future. He found 
 his wife in Salt Lake City and his children were born here. 
 He believes in home industry and is energetic and enterprising. 
 It was largely through his energy and the influence of the 
 Standard that the half-million dollar sugar factory was built 
 
SIA'lE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 431 
 
 at Ogden. Mr. Glasmann has made a host of enemies. At. 
 one time, for instance, he had ten libel suits against him, seven 
 of them asking for $140,000 in damages and three criminal 
 suits, from all of which he successfully freed himself . Only 
 a few years ago his enemies were numerous, yet notwithstand- 
 ing, the Republican county convention of Weber County, held 
 at Ogden, February 24, 1900, sent a delegation to the State 
 Republican Congressional Convention unanimously instructed 
 to vote and work for his nomination for Congress, and he re- 
 ceived 91 votes. At the following Republican State Conven- 
 tion he made a strong effort to secure the nomination, and 
 claims that but for treachery and unjustifiable opposition he 
 would have secured it. The same year he received the unani- 
 mous nomination of his county for the Legislature and wa 
 elected, running ahead of his ticket. He was chosen Speaker of 
 that, the fourth, Legislature and made a good record. Hardly 
 had the Legislature adjourned when he was proposed for Mayor 
 of Ogden and was the first Republican to be elected in ten 
 years, carrying the entire Republican ticket with him. AS 
 Mayor he is now known as "Economy Bill" and "Veto Bill,' 
 on account of the rigid economy and the many vetoes he has 
 sent to the City Council. His first annual message sent to 
 the City Council shows that in twelve months, without in- 
 creased taxes, the city's debt decreased $48,725, this being a 
 record. He is concededly one of the leading men of the 
 State. 
 
 R. C. LUND, STATE EQUALIZATION BOARD. 
 
 AT New Diggings, Wisconsin, on May 29, 1847, Robert 
 Charles Lund arrived on this stage of action. In 1850 his 
 parents removed to Utah and made it their home, having pre- 
 
432 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 viously been converted to the faith of the Latter-day Saints. 
 He attended school in winter time and worked on a farm in 
 summer till 1861, when his father was called to go to "Dixie" 
 and settle up the country. At St. George, which became the 
 permanent home of the family, Robert again went to school 
 and ranched. In 1865 he went to the telegraph school estab- 
 lished by President Young and kept by John C. Clowes, 
 in Salt Lake City, graduating in the front rank, and upon the 
 opening of the Deseret Telegraph line was assigned to the 
 St. George office, which he held for several years; subse- 
 quently, he had charge of the 
 Pioche office and that at 
 Silver Reef, at which latter 
 place, as one of the firm of 
 Woolley, Lund & Judd, he 
 engaged extensively in the 
 business of merchandising 
 and banking. Was elected 
 Mayor of St. George in 1875 
 and served two terms, during 
 which time he was elected to 
 the Territorial Legislative 
 Council and served in it for 
 two terms, giving his constit- 
 uents ample satisfaction on 
 every occasion. In the first 
 Presidential election in 1896 
 he was chosen an Elector on 
 R. c. LUND. the Democratic ticket and 
 
 president of the college. In 
 
 the winter of the same year he was chosen by the Legislature 
 as one of two commissioners to proceed to Arizona and nego- 
 tiate for the strip of territory lying north of the Colorado 
 river, and after this was appointed by Governor Wells to 
 his present position, that of member of the State Board of 
 Equalization, of which he has been president from the 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 433 
 
 first. He had been a member of the Territorial board 
 throughout. 
 
 Mr. Lund has been and is extensively engaged in mining 
 and stock raising in Utah, Arizona and Nevada. He was 
 married in 1870 to Mary Romney and has six boys and three 
 girls living. Personally he is a large, heavy man, quite af- 
 fable in disposition, and has any amount of friends among 
 people of all shades of opinion. 
 
 E. M. ALLISON, JR.. STATE SENATOR. 
 
 [Portrait on page 107.] 
 
 THE President of the State Senate and thereby contin- 
 gently the acting Governor of the State is Edward M. Allison, 
 formerly of Ogden but now of Salt Lake City. He was born 
 at Lehi, Utah, December 13, 1863. Shortly afterward his 
 parents moved to Coalville, Summit County, where young 
 Allison grew to manhood. He attended the University of 
 Deseret, then returned to Coalville, where he taught school 
 and read law under the direction of J. L. Rawlins; served as 
 County Attorney of Summit County from 1884 to 1886, and 
 in 1888 went to Ogden, where he formed a partnership with 
 the late Judge Emerson. After the latter's death in 1889, he 
 associated himself with J. N. Kimball, and later with C. C. 
 Richards, which partnership was recently dissolved. 
 
 Mr. Allison has ever been prominent in Weber County 
 politics since his residence in Ogden. In 1891 he was elected 
 to the City Council, and the same year was appointed assis- 
 tant United States Attorney. He was a member of the upper 
 house of the first State Legislature, and was City Attorney of 
 Ogden for some time. He was again elected to the Senate 
 in November, 1900, and on the assembling of the Fifth Legis- 
 
434 UTAH AS 11 IS. 
 
 lature was chosen President of the Senate. He is now a 
 member of the firm of Sutherland, Van Cott & Allison. 
 
 AQUILA NEBEKER, EX-STATE SENATOR. 
 
 [Portrait on page 107.', 
 
 MR. NEBEKER was born in Salt Lake City, his parents 
 being John Nebeker and Lovena Fitzgerald, both Pioneers of 
 1847. His father was the first man to reap wheat and grind 
 it into flour in Utah. The ex-Senator was very energetic 
 among the settlements of Utah and had soon acquired holdings 
 in the "Dixie" country, Kane County, in the south and Rich 
 County in the north, as well as intermediate localities. He 
 was educated in the district schools and later finished his scien- 
 tific studies in the Deseret University. When twenty years 
 old he was professionally engaged as a mining engineer in 
 the development of Silver Reef, which made such a wonder- 
 ful record. Later, he became identified with the stock and 
 agricultural interests of the State, which interests spread into 
 adjoining States, and this along with his mining interests has 
 made him one of the successful and prosperous citizens of Utah 
 
 Senator Nebeker's life has been one of activity and 
 wide range. He has held county offices and several terms in 
 the Legislature, Territorial and State, in the second and third 
 assemblies of the latter being President of the Senate, a posi- 
 tion which he filled with marked ability. He was a member 
 of the Constitutional Convention which framed the State's 
 charter. His record shows him to be one of the broad-minded 
 able and successful men of Utah. 
 
 W. G. NEBEKER, EX-STATE SENATOR. 
 
 [Portrait on page 107.] 
 
 THIS member of the well known and respected Nebeker 
 family is a Utah man in every respect. His parents, George 
 
S1A1E AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 435 
 
 Nebeker and Maria Dilworth, were Pioneers of 1847 and 
 typical of the thorough, substantial American, having de- 
 scended from Revolutionary stock and being full of the spirit 
 of expansion and empire building. The ex-Senator was born 
 in Salt Lake City. His childhood was spent with his parents 
 in the Hawaiian islands and his youthful days in Utah. His 
 education was acquired in the public schools and the Univer- 
 sity of Utah, where he was one of the first to take up the 
 advanced scientific studies. As a young man he was identi- 
 fied with his father in the promotion and building of irrigating 
 canals, reclaiming arid land, etc., which was then a crude 
 idea, since developed into what is now recognized as essential 
 to the full development of Utah. His first work of a profes- 
 sional nature was in the mining and metallurgical field, which 
 he has followed with success and which profession has 
 necessitated extensive travel and research both at home and 
 abroad. In a public way he has also been very active. At 
 the time of the division of the people on national political lines 
 he was energetic and welcomed the new order of things. He 
 has held a number of public stations besides one under the 
 Government Internal Revenue Collector. He served with 
 distinctive ability in the State Senate from 1896 to 1900, 
 making a record for advocacy of high standards in political 
 and practical affairs. 
 
 JUDGE JOHN E. BOOTH. 
 
 [Portrait on page 207.] 
 
 JUDGE BOOTH is a son of Richard L. and Elsie Edge 
 Booth, and was born at Bedfordleigh, Lancashire, England, 
 on June 29, 1847. His Utah advent occurred on September 
 12, 1857. He first lived in Utah County, then in Salt Lake 
 County where for some time he followed the occupation of 
 shepherd not to an ecclesiastical but to a wooJ-producing 
 
436 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 flock. He attained to the former distinction, however, some 
 years later, being Bishop of the Fourth Ward of Provo from 
 1877 to 1895. In 1866 he acquired military honors in the 
 noted Black Hawk war, in Sanpete and Sevier counties. In 
 1868 he attended the school at Draper, Salt Lake County, 
 kept by the late Dr. John R. Park, and in 1869-70 he attended 
 the Deseret University. The two following years he taught 
 school in Davis County, afterwards in the University at Provo. 
 For a little over a year he served as a missionary in the North- 
 ern States and was subsequently president of that mission 
 for two years. He has held an array of offices almost too 
 long to enumerate, and embracing all three departments of 
 government. Upon the resignation of Judge W. N. Dusen- 
 berry from the bench of the Fourth district, in May, 1899, 
 Judge Booth was appointed to the vacancy, and he was 
 elected to it for the full term in the general election of 1900. 
 Personally, Judge Booth is one of the most accessible and 
 agreeable men in public life. He is always in a good humor 
 and diffuses an influence of geniality wherever he holds forth. 
 
 JAMES CLOVE, P. M. 
 
 [Portrait on page 207.] 
 
 MR. CLOVE, who "holds down" the post office at Provo 
 in a manner acceptable to Uncle Sam and all the people of 
 that goodly town, is a native of Nevada, having been born in 
 Panacea in 1866. In 1873 his parents moved to and settled 
 on the upper Sevier, near Panguitch. He there went to 
 school, having as a preceptor George Dodds, a graduate of the 
 University of Edinburgh. He took a term in the Deseret 
 University for the normal course, then taught school in 
 Southern Utah for two years, after which he spent nearly 
 three years on a mission to Turkey, during which he traveled 
 through seventeen different countries of Europe, taking in the 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 
 
 437 
 
 great Paris Exposition of 1889. Returning, he worked as 
 reporter on the Salt Lake Herald tor a year, then went to 
 Provo, where he became editor of the Enquirer, a position he 
 held till appointed postmaster in 1901. During his incumbency 
 he has installed the free delivery system and accomplished 
 many other improvements, being a thoroughly efficient and 
 popular official. He was married to Miss Lizzie Ivie in 1892 
 and has done his part toward standing off race suicide, his 
 contribution to the cause (so far) being half a dozen healthy 
 children. 
 
 JAMES THOMSON, EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 
 
 MR. THOMSON was born in the county of Sussex, England, 
 on March 13, 1843, and came to Utah in 1862; has grown 
 
 from one of the toilers under 
 hard circumstances up to a 
 man of affairs in the business 
 world and an entity in polit- 
 ical circles; he is an earnest 
 and uncompromising uphol- 
 der of the Declaration of 
 Independance, especially that 
 part which declares that all 
 men are created free and 
 equal, and a part of his time 
 and ability have been given 
 in the direction of making 
 them so in reality. He was 
 elected to the House of the 
 second State Legislature as 
 a Populist, where he became 
 a most active member; he 
 JAMES THOMSON. introduced and earnestly ad- 
 
438 U1AH AS II IS. 
 
 vocated several reform measures, notably the initiative and 
 referendum. He is also an earnest advocate of municipal and 
 government ownership of the public utilities and the reduction 
 of taxation to a minimum. 
 
 JOSEPH E. TAYLOR, EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 
 
 [Portrait on page 112.] 
 
 THIS gentleman is not a Pioneer, but nearly so, having 
 reached Utah in 1851. England is his native land, but he is 
 not particularly English, you know, for all that. He first saw 
 the light of day on December n, 1830, in the town of Hor- 
 sham, county of Sussex. He was educated in the national 
 schools and joined the Mormon Church when only seventeen 
 years of age. He was at once set to laboring in the vineyard 
 as a missionary in his own country and did so continuously for 
 about four years, when he set sail for America. Arriving in 
 Salt Lake he soon engaged in the furniture business, which 
 he continued at until 1864, when he began the undertaking 
 business, at which he is still engaged, having the largest and 
 most complete establishment of the kind in Utah. The fac- 
 tory gives employment to several men and is one of the best 
 appointed and most extensive in the whole country. 
 
 Mr. Taylor was appointed City Sexton in 1864 and con- 
 tinued in that office till 1889. He has held several positions 
 in his Church and is at this time a counselor to President 
 Angus M. Cannon of Salt Lake Stake of Zion. He was 
 e'ected to the State Legislature in 1896 as a Democrat and 
 was at once recognized as the dean of the House. He occu- 
 pied the chair oftener than any other member except the 
 speaker himself and showed decided aptness as a parliamen- 
 tarian . while on the floor he was always a ready and effective 
 debater and steadfast worker. He was one of the "Rawlins' 
 pull.' meaning the thirty-two members who elected Joseph 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 439 
 
 L. Rawlins to the United States Senate in the memorable 
 struggle of 1897. Mr. Taylor carries his years well, is vigor- 
 ous, healthy and active, and is always well to the front on all 
 questions requiring the exercise of public spirit and breadth of 
 view. He has a large family who have as a whole and in 
 detail been given all the advantages necessary to the making 
 of life what it should be a condition of advancement along all 
 the lines leading to real happiness and genuine prosperity. 
 
 MRS. A. M. HORNE, EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 
 
 [Portrait on page 112.] 
 
 MRS. ALICE MERRILL HORNE, whose portrait appears 
 in one of our Legislative groups, is one of Utah's women 
 who have grown up out of humble beginnings and limited 
 opportunities. She was born in a cabin in the southern part 
 of the State, then Territory, on January 2, 1868. She is a 
 granddaughter of President George A. Smith and Bathsheba 
 W. Smith, both prominent in the organizations and councils of 
 the Mormon Church, and both builders of the foundation of 
 that great structure which all the civilized world now recog- 
 nizes as the State of Utah. At the early age of fourteen the 
 subject of this sketch came to the metropolis of the common- 
 wealth. Salt Lake City, having already had considerable ex- 
 perience in the practical manner of doing things, which her 
 Church enjoins and encourages, relating to the upbuilding of 
 organizations looking to the moral, mental and substantial 
 training of the young people. She entered the University of 
 Deseret and graduated in 1887. She became the wife of 
 George H. Home in 1891, and taught school while he 
 was on a mission to foreign lands. Having a taste for 
 the artistic and better side of life, with a desire to promote it 
 by substantial and real means, she engaged in politics, and 
 was elected to the third State Legislature, where her efforts 
 
440 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 resulted, among other things, in the law creating the Utah 
 Art Institute, the good results of which have already been 
 manifested in numerous ways. She was recognized through- 
 out as a keen-sighted, clear-headed Legislator, one who knew 
 what to do at the right time and in the proper way. She is 
 popular and affable to all, and her picture tells the rest. 
 
 INGWALD C. THORESEN, EX-REPRESENTATIVE 
 
 [Portrait on page 112.] 
 
 MR. THORESEN is a native of Norway, having been born 
 in the capital city, Christiania, in 1852. He acquired the foun- 
 dation of a good education in the public schools of that city, 
 attending them until 1863, when his parents emigrated to the 
 United States, naturally bringing him along with them. They 
 came to Utah and went at once to Cache County, where the 
 subject of this sketch has resided ever since, his home being 
 in Hyrum. Mr. Thoresen, since his arrival at later boyhood, 
 has been self-supporting. His first ten years in this country 
 were spent first on a farm, then at railroading and mining 
 during the summer months and attending school in the winter. 
 He graduated from the Cache Valley Academy at Logan in 
 1873 and at once became principal of the academy of his own 
 town. His school teaching experience has been somewhat 
 extensive, and he was at different times County Attorney, 
 Surveyor, Commissioner and Mayor of Hyrum City. He 
 was a member of the State Constitutional Conventions of 
 1882, 1887 arj d 1895 and was elected to the House of Rep- 
 resentatives in the second State Legislature, in all of which 
 he rendered able service. He knows nearly all there is to 
 know about farming and is the owner of a fine farm near 
 Hyrum. He is well read in the law and would make a suc- 
 cessful practitioner if he turned his attention that way. He is 
 an enthusiast on the subject of good roads, irrigation and in- 
 
SI AIL AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 441 
 
 ternal improvement generally, and is decidedly a useful citizen. 
 At present he is a member of the Presidency of Hyrum Stake 
 in the Mormon Church. 
 
 BYRON GROO, LAND COMMISSIONER. 
 
 [Portrait on page 157.] 
 
 MR. GROO was born August IT, 1849, at Grahamsville, 
 Sullivan county, New York, his parents being Isaac Groo 
 and Sarah E. Gillett Groo. He came to Salt Lake in 1854, 
 and has resided here ever since. His education was such as 
 could be obtained in the ward school in winter, by a year at 
 Prof. Bartlett Tripp's school, in 1865, and a year at the Uni- 
 versity, in 1870, under Dr. Park. In 1866 he volunteered in 
 the Black Hawk Indian war, serving that summer in Sanpete 
 and returning home with his scalp and a lieutenant's commis- 
 sion. He went to ward night school in the winter of 1866-7, 
 and in the spring of 1868 went to work on the U. P. railway, 
 where his father had a grading contract, Byron having charge 
 of the offices. In 1870 he was Supervisor of Streets and 
 City Watermaster;in 1871 was deputy Territorial and deputy 
 City Marshal, resigning in- the winter of 1872 at the solicita- 
 tion of E. L. Sloan, of honored memory, to take a position as 
 reporter on the Herald, becoming editor three years later 
 and so continuing until October, 1892. In June, 1893, he 
 was appointed Register of the Land Office by President 
 Cleveland and served till 1897, having been appointed early 
 in that year a member of the State Board of Land Commis- 
 sioners by Governor Wells and being re-appointed in 1899, 
 1901 and 1903. He has been Secretary of the Board since 
 the beginning of 1898. 
 
 In business Mr. Groo is a director of the State Bank of 
 Utah, Vice President of the Utah Commercial and Savings 
 
 Bank, Salt Lake, and director of the Lehi Commercial and 
 20 
 
442 U1AH AS IT IS. 
 
 Savings Bank. In 1875 ne was married to Miss Julia Suth- 
 erland, a daughter of the eminent jurist, J. G. Sutherland, 
 and the union has been a most happy one. Mr. Groo is a 
 popular, level-headed man, whose friends are found in every 
 walk of life and among people of aJl shades of opinion. 
 
 M. A. BREEDEN. ATTORNEY GENERAL. 
 
 [Portrait on page 118.] 
 
 MR. BREEDEN, is a native of Kentucky. He attended 
 school at Maysville and also at the Mt. Zion Seminary of 
 Illinois, and added to his schooling by home study, making 
 good progress. It is worthy of note that he is in every 
 essential respect self-made, having earned his own living 
 since he was twelve years old. He was admitted to the bar 
 in Sante Fe, N. M., after having taught school in that city 
 for several years and practiced his profession there for 
 fifteen years, having been the prosecuting attorney for the 
 northern portion of the Territory and having suits of great 
 importance in all the courts of the Territory as well as in the 
 Supreme Court of the United States. It is a matter of 
 record that during his incumbency as prosecutor he had 
 excellent success and sent up more transgressors than any 
 of his predecessors ever did. His next holdforth was at 
 Ogden, where he took a prominent position at the bar and in 
 politics. He was from the first opposed to the old fight on 
 religious lines and has the honor of having been one of the 
 first to advocate division on national party lines of politics. 
 He was elected as a Republican to the last Legislative Coun- 
 cil of the Territory and was chosen President of that body. 
 In the electian of 1900 he was elected Attorney General of 
 the State and pursuant thereto removed to Salt Lake City on 
 January 7, 1901. His record in this office has been an 
 admirable one. He has shown ability and discretion in the 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 
 
 443 
 
 discharge of the duties of the office, and is a courteous and 
 dignified officer. 
 
 JUDGE C. W. MORSE. 
 
 JUDGE MORSE is a native of Illinois, having been 
 born at Cambridge, Henry County, on December 29, 1856. 
 He received a good education and took up the study of law, 
 commencing active practice at Wellington, Kansas, in 1879] 
 He came to Salt Lake City in November, 1888, and opened 
 an office here, building up a fine practice at once and contin- 
 uing in it till the beginning 
 of 1901, having in the pre- 
 ceding general election been 
 chosen to the. bench of the 
 Third District Court where, 
 as well as professionally and 
 privately, he has been sig- 
 nally upright, able and fair. 
 He is one of the most pleas- 
 ant men in public life, 
 never loses his temper or 
 shows the slightest annoy- 
 ance however trying a situ- 
 ation may be; he rules on 
 disputed points quickly and 
 accurately and| has been 
 sustained in nearly if not 
 quite every appeal taken 
 
 C. W. MORSE. fr m hiS COUrt He WaS 
 
 elected as a Republican, 
 but knows no politics or politicians as such on the bench. 
 
 JUDGE S. W. STEWART. 
 
 SAMUEL W. STEWART, District Judge of the Third Judicial 
 District, was born at Draper, Salt Lake County, May 21, 
 
444 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 1867. He is a son of Isaac M. and Elizabeth White Stewart, 
 who were among the early settlers of Salt Lake valley. His 
 father was a member of the County Court of Salt Lake 
 County for a number of years and was in the early days of the 
 county active in the educational and industrial affairs thereof. 
 Judge Stewart's boyhood days were spent upon his 
 father's farm, where he early learned the lessons of industry 
 and perseverance. He at- 
 tended the district schools of 
 his native town and was a 
 student of the University of 
 Deseret during the years 
 1885-6. He taught in the 
 public schools of the iftate for 
 three years and entered the 
 law department of the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan in 1890, 
 graduating from that institu- 
 tion in 1892 as an L. L. B. 
 He began the practice of law 
 in Salt Lake City in 1893. 
 He was married to Ella M. 
 Nebeker, daughter of George 
 and Maria L. Nebeker, in 
 1894. Judge Stewart was 
 elected a member of the 
 Third State Legislature and 
 
 served as chairman of the judiciary commiltee of the lower 
 house. Was the senior member of the law firm of Stewart 
 & Stewart until elected to the Judgeship in 1900, in which 
 capacity he has shown marked ability and impartiality . 
 
 S. W. STEWART. 
 
 L. W. SHURTLIFF, EX-STATE SENATOR. 
 
 [Portrait on page 107.] 
 No FAMILY name sounds more familiarly or pgreeably to 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 445 
 
 the long-time residents of Utah than that of Shurtliff, and it is 
 quite as well and favorably known to more recent accessions 
 as any other within the confines of this goodly State; and 
 within the circle defined by such name none is better known 
 than the one who was christened Lewis Warren, if even so 
 well known. He reached this mundane sphere on a day that 
 has since become memorable, and to most Utah people 
 somewhat sacred July 24 the year being 1835, the place 
 Sullivan, Ashland county, Ohio a State, by the bye, which 
 has of late years become a successful rival of Virginia in the 
 matter of providing Presidents for the United States. He is 
 of sturdy Puritan stock, though his father and mother were 
 members of the Mormon Church before he arrived at years 
 of accountability. The family took an active part in the 
 work of building up the Church and were subjected to. many 
 of the trials and privations visited upon the chosen people in 
 those days. They finally made the overland trip and after 
 innumerable hardships reached Salt Lake City on Sept. 23, 
 1851. Soon after they removed to and settled in Weber 
 county, where they underwent all the vicissitudes incidental to 
 pioneering, Indian depredations being a conspicuous and for 
 a time continuous feature. Having previously joined the 
 Church he occupied several positions therein and was called 
 with others on a mission to Salmon River, Idaho, in 1855, it 
 being previously uninhabited, the soil strictly virgin and the 
 Indians as devilish as they knew how, which is saying consid- 
 erable. In one encounter two missionaries were kijled, sev- 
 eral wounded and all their cattle and horses stolen. They 
 were finally released and Elder Shurtliff made his way back 
 to Ogden in 1858, while the Johnston expedition was en 
 route and things generally somewhat unsettled. His wife 
 departed this life in 1866, and the following year he went on 
 a mission to Great Britain. His missionary work was very 
 effective, and on his return home he became Bishop of Plain 
 City and in 1883 was promoted to the Presidency of Weber 
 Stake. In 1872 he was married to Emily W. Wainwright. 
 
446 V'TAH AS II IS. 
 
 In 1883 he was elected County Commissioner and held the 
 office continuously till 1886, during which time he was also a 
 member of the Constitutional Convention and a Councilor in 
 the Territorial Legislature. He was again Commissioner, 
 also Probate Judge for two terms. In 1896 and 1898 he was 
 a Senator in the State Legislature, and was one of the most 
 able, conservative and conscientious members of that body. 
 For a long time he has been connected with the Trans-Mis- 
 sissippi and National Irrigation Congresses and in both capac- 
 ities renders a vast amount of good service which the public 
 seldom hear of. Politically, he was a Democrat till 1902, 
 when the anti-expansion and some other tendencies of his 
 party made him "take down his sign," and he became a 
 Republican. He is a good citizen in any party. 
 
 R. K. THOMAS, EX-STATE SENATOR. 
 
 [Portrait on page 107. J 
 
 RICHARD KENDALL THOMAS, the well known citizen of 
 Utah, was born at St. Columb, Cornwall, England, June 30, 
 1844. He was the oldest son, but the third child, of a family 
 of four daughters and two sons. His mother was widowed 
 when he was about six years old. He is the pioneer to 
 America of his immediate family and perhaps fifty near rela- 
 tives. Without a father and with a mother charged with the 
 raising of six children, without much of this world's goods, he 
 early in life felt its responsibilities. At thirteen he left school 
 and was apprenticed to the business of linen and woolen 
 draper for four years. At fifteen he joined the Mormon 
 Church, the only one of his family who has embraced it. In 
 May, 1863, he sailed from England, arriving in Salt Lake 
 City in October of that year. Having paid his passage from 
 England, he had only two dollars left on arriving, but was 
 the only one of the company who was not a Church emigrant. 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 447 
 
 He had no one to welcome him, and the first night slept 
 under a wagon on Emigration square. In the spring he was 
 employed by William Jennings to clerk in a branch store at 
 Logan. In February, 1864, he arrived in Cache Valley, and 
 the first night slept on the ground, the thermometer down to 
 zero. On the 28th of the following February he was mar- 
 ried in Logan to Caroline Stockdale of Plymouth, England, 
 and there are living of this union five sons and four daugh- 
 ters. His experience from this time to the spring of 1885 
 was varied, when he embarked in business for himself. Since 
 then his name has been familiar to thousands throughout the 
 State, his great and well-appointed mercantile establish- 
 ment on Main street, Salt Lake City, being one that has 
 made its way to the front rank in the whole list of the West- 
 ern country. When the people divided on party lines he 
 joined the Democratic party; was elected State Senator, and 
 served in the third and fourth sessions of the Legislature. 
 He is Jeffersonian in dislike of display and ostentation. While 
 attached to English soil, America is his favorite country and 
 Utah his beloved State, and he thinks there is no-place like 
 Salt Lake City for a home. 
 
 J. B. WILSON, STATE REPRESENTATIVE. 
 
 PROMINENT among the sons of Utah's Pioneers is James 
 Brigham Wilson of Midway, Wasatch County. Carson City, 
 Nevada, was the scene of his nativity, and his natal day Aug- 
 ust 22, in the year 1856. His parents were of good old, 
 sturdy, Scotch-Irish stock. Their names were James 
 T. Wilson and Elizabeth Ross Wilson, and in 1852 they 
 arrived in Utah. In 1855 they were called upon to take part 
 in the mission x>f colonizing Nevada, and thus it was that the 
 subject of this sketch was born in Carson City. His parents, 
 
448 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 however, returned to Utah in 1857, and Salt Lake City 
 became their permanent home. Here, when eight years of 
 age and the eldest of five children, he was bereft by death of 
 his devoted mother, but his surviving parent, though only a 
 laboring man, put forth every effort to obtain for his son the 
 best education he could, and that received in the common 
 schools of the city was supplemented by a course at the Uni- 
 versity of Utah in 1876. 
 
 Young Wilson being now 
 at the age of 20, and com- 
 paratively well equipped to 
 commence the battle of life 
 on his own account, went to 
 Park City and became a 
 contractor in cord wood and 
 mining timber. For ten 
 years, with the exception of 
 the winters of 1880, '81 and 
 '82, when he taught school 
 in Salt Lake City and South 
 Jordan nearby, he followed 
 this occupation with gratify- 
 ing success. On Sept. 29, 
 1881, he was married in 
 Salt Lake City to Miss Mar- 
 garet Powell, and their 
 union has already been 
 blessed with six children, 
 three of each sex. 
 
 Soon after his marriage Mr. Wilson decided to seek out 
 a favorable location in which to take up land and establish 
 for himself a permanent home, and his choice fell upon 
 Wasatch County. In 1884, therefore, the young couple moved 
 to Midway where he engaged in farming, stock-raising and 
 at various intervals, wood and timber contracting. He has 
 always taken a prominent part in county affairs and is regarded 
 
 C/ 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 
 
 449 
 
 as one of the most substantial and progressive citizens of 
 that section. His worth was fittingly recognized by his elec- 
 tion Nov. 6, 1902, as Representative from the Tenth district 
 to the Fifth Legislature, a position he filled with marked 
 ability and business acumen. Mr. Wilson is a staunch 
 Republican, unswerving in his convictions, and was one of 
 the first to declare for division on party lines. 
 
 WM. M'MILLAN, EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 
 
 MR. McMiLLAN was born in the city of Carlisle, Cumber- 
 land county, England, August i, 1852. Since as early as 1871 
 
 the gentleman has been a 
 railroad man. He com- 
 menced service in May, 
 1871, with the North East- 
 ern Railroad company as 
 clerk, near Newcastle-upon- 
 Tyne, and continued in that 
 position until June 26, 1879, 
 at which time he determined 
 to emigrate to America. He 
 arrived in New York July 
 9, and in Salt Lake City 
 July i6th of the same year. 
 On the second of Novem- 
 ber, 1879, he commenced in 
 the office of the Utah Cen- 
 tral (now S. P., L. A. & 
 S. L.) railway company at 
 Deseret station, and in the 
 fall of 1880 he was advanced 
 
 to the office of operator and train dispatcher at Milford, an 
 mpo rtant station, then known as the southern terminus of 
 the-system. In the summer of 1881 he was appointed agent 
 
 WM. 
 
450 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 at Milford, which position he filled with ability and faithful- 
 ness until December 12, 1884, when he was transferred to 
 the office of the paymaster and purchasing agent in this city. 
 After the local lines here were absorbed by the Union 
 Pacific in 1887, Mr. McMillan for four years was chief of the 
 motive power and car departments in this city, and left the ser- 
 ice of his own accord. May 20, 1893, he entered the service of 
 the Salt Lake and Los Angeles Railway company as chief 
 clerk, and is now secretary, treasurer and general freight and 
 passenger agent of that company. He was a member ot the 
 Fourth State Legislature, and was the author of what is 
 known as the anti-compulsory vaccination bill, which became 
 a law, being passed over the Governor's veto. 
 
 Religiously he is a Mormon and served four years as 
 Bishop at Milford. He is now Bishop of the 28th ward and 
 received his appointment February 9, 1902. He is a well- 
 dispositioned, popular man. 
 
 SARAH E. ANDERSON, EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 
 
 ONE of the tragedies of this life was the departure of 
 this estimable lady to the other shore at a comparatively 
 early age. She was born on the soil of Utah in 1854 a d 
 died two years ago. She was a good deal of a traveler and 
 was accomplished much beyond the domain of ordinary 
 womanhood. In 1870 she married Dr. P. L. Anderson, an 
 intimate acquaintance of the writer's; he died in 1888, leaving 
 her with five children to look after, a sacred duty which was 
 sacredly discharged. The children are all attaining to the 
 best development and giving promise of excellent careers. 
 The feature of her life that stands out most conspicuously, 
 apart from her family relationship, is her contribution to the 
 law- making power of her native State, having been a member 
 of the Second State Legislature and proving herself to be a 
 most active and useful one. She engaged in many beneficial 
 enterprises, among them the beet raising industry, and in all 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 
 
 451 
 
 financial and social connections showed herself to be a 
 remarkably well-poised and capable woman. Her picture 
 shows that she had a fine appearance and it scarcely does 
 
 her justice, but of course 
 neither it nor anything that 
 can be said in words, can do 
 full justice to the subject. 
 The daughter of one of the 
 founders of this grand 
 domain, she could scarcely 
 be less than what she 
 became, as with additional 
 years would undoubtedly 
 have had greater honors. 
 Sarah Elizabeth Ander- 
 son's death occurred Dec. 
 22, 1900. 
 
 Her husband was known 
 as a prominent physician 
 throughout the West, she 
 being the first lady Repre- 
 sentative in Utah; did not seek for political fame, -but 
 was a staunch advocate of equality of man and woman. 
 Throughout her political career, her views were not marked 
 with wavering indecision, they were thoroughly formed and 
 remained firm. Yet she did not lose her sweet, womanly 
 repose. She was possessed of great personal magnetism; 
 passing acquaintances became warm friends. Not only 
 among the most prominent people, but numerously among 
 the poor and needy, her name passed their lips as a benedic- 
 tion. 
 
 SARAH E. ANDERSON. 
 
 J. R. MURDOCK, EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 
 
 THERE is no sturdier, more thoroughly representative 
 citizen of Utah than John Riggs Murdock of Beaver. He 
 
452 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 was born Sept. 13, 1826, in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. His 
 parents joined the Mormon Church in 1831, when it was in 
 its infancy, and were closely associated with the Prophet 
 Joseph Smith; through the mobbing which culminated in his 
 death Mr. Murdock lost a brother, one of twins, the other 
 being a girl. He passed through many exigencies and 
 changes of location, having passed through the persecutions 
 of Illinois and Missouri, finally starting West with the Church, 
 
 joining the Mormon Battal- 
 ion at Council Bluffs and 
 sharing the hardships of that 
 memorable andterriblemarch 
 to California. He came to 
 Salt Lake Oct. 12, 1847, 
 and at once joined with his 
 father in pioneering and 
 development work, having 
 helped to found several set- 
 tlements. In one of these. 
 Lehi, he lived for fourteen 
 years and was Mayor for 
 one term. He took the job 
 of carrying the U. S. mail to 
 Independence, Missouri, in 
 1857, and made 'two round 
 trips that year, beating all 
 records in the matter of time 
 and undergoing many hair-breadth escapes from the Indians. 
 In 1858 he commanded Gen. Thomas L. Kane's escort to 
 Omaha and was commissioned by the Government to con- 
 clude terms of peace with Johnston's army. Was in charge 
 of the immigration trains for several years and thus and other- 
 wise has made more overland trips than any other man known 
 of. In 1864 President Brigham Young sent him to Beaver 
 (which beautiful town he assisted in building up) to preside 
 as Bishop of the ward and President of the stake, and he has 
 
 J. R. MURDOCK. 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 
 
 453 
 
 resided there ever since, during which time he has held many 
 civil and military offices; among the former were Probate 
 Judge and member of the Legislature for seven terms, the 
 last one being the third State assembly. He was nominated 
 by the Republicans as Presidential Elector in 1900 and chosen 
 by a substantial majority. 
 
 Bishop Murdock is a man of thrift and enterprise. His 
 years rest lightly upon him and he greets old friends as 
 cheerily and vigorously as in the days agone. 
 
 GEORGE C. WHITMORE, STATE SENATOR. 
 
 MR. WHITMORE, is a native of Texas, having been born 
 at Waxahachie in 1853. He came with his parents to Utah 
 
 and located first at Salt Lake 
 City. In 1863 they moved 
 to Arizona and six years 
 later to Nevada, returning to 
 Utah in 1870. The Senator 
 has lived at Nephi, this 
 State, since 1875 an d there 
 he has become one of the 
 solid and leading citizens. 
 He has always been a stock- 
 raiser, and in 1878 he added 
 to his calling that of .general 
 merchandising, in which he 
 has ever since been engaged. 
 He assisted in the founding 
 of a bank in that town in 
 1885, and is still extensively 
 connected with it. He was 
 County Commissioner of 
 Juab County and chairman of the Democratic committee 
 
 G. C. WHITMORE. 
 
454 
 
 VI AH AS IT IS. 
 
 through two campaigns. He was elected to the State Senate 
 in 1900 and his term will expire Jan. i, 1905. 
 
 Mr. Whitmore's connection with the "Sagebrush" De- 
 mocracy is briefly referred to in another chapter. He was 
 undoubtedly, if not its prime founder, at least one of its patron 
 saints . No one went to greater pains or expense than he to 
 push the movement along, and he hadn't long to wait for the 
 full fruition of his labors in the division of the people on 
 national lines of politics. His Democracy is of the bedrock 
 brand and no one need ever look for him in any other politi- 
 cal camp. 
 
 DANIEL M'RAE, REPRESENTATIVE. 
 
 THE Bishop of Granger ward, Salt Lake County, 
 
 named as above, was an 
 active and influential mem- 
 ber of the House in the 
 Fifth State Legislature. He 
 was born April 12, 2846, in 
 tearfully remembered Nau- 
 voo, coming to Utah with 
 his parents in 1852, and set- 
 tling in Salt Lake City, 
 where he was raised and 
 educated. He joined the 
 Mormon Church on April 4, 
 1861, and has held several 
 important positions as well 
 as going on a number of 
 trips to the East on gospel 
 and other work. He was 
 married 1867 to Thurza 
 Symes, who died in 1867, 
 
 soon after giving birth to a daughter. The following year 
 he married Christine Jensen and eight children have been 
 
 DANIEL M'KAE. 
 
STATE AhD CTREE OFFICIALS. 455 
 
 born to them. He has lived in Granger nearly twenty years, 
 and held his present position all that time, giving general sat- 
 isfaction to all classes of people. 
 
 In the Republican county convention of 1902 the Bishop 
 was nominated for Regresentative, receiving the largest vote 
 of any of the candidates in the following contest at the polls. 
 
 JUDGE H. S. TANNER. 
 
 [Portrait on page 255.] 
 
 ONE of the Judges of the recently created City Court of 
 Salt Lake City is Henry S. Tanner, and he has already 
 proved himself a good one. He is a young man and a native 
 of Utah, his birthplace being Payson, Utah County, and the 
 time of birth February 15, 1869. He received the founda- 
 tion of his education in the district school, afterwards attending 
 the college at Logan and the academy at Provo, both of 
 which bear the name of the great founder Brigham Young, 
 and from the latter receiving his graduation and the degrees 
 of bachelor of pedagogy and bachelor of didactics. Later 
 he taught school, and in September, 1897, began the 
 study of law at Ann Arbor, Michigan, graduating as a bach- 
 elor of laws from the Michigan University in June, 1899. He 
 at once began practice in Salt Lake City, and on Nov. 5, 
 1901, was elected to his present position. 
 
 Judge Tanner is a married man, having been united to 
 Laura L. Woodland on March 5, 1890. He has done con- 
 siderable missionary work and held several positions in the 
 Mormon Church, of which he is a taithful member. Politi- 
 cally he is a Republican. 
 
 MRS. M. H. CANNON, EX-STATE SENATOR. 
 
 [Portrait on page 107.] 
 
 THE first practical demonstration of equal suffrage in 
 Utah occurred with the election of Dr. Mattie Hughes Can- 
 
456 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 non to the State Senate in 1896. The peculiarity of the situ- 
 ation was further enhanced by the fact that her husband, 
 Prest. Angus M. Cannon, "also ran," he being a Republican, 
 she a Democrat. It was, however, a friendly contest, and did 
 not involve the division of the house by any means. She 
 was married to him in 1884, and has three bright, healthy 
 children as a result. 
 
 Mrs. Cannon is a native of Wales, her birthplace being 
 Llandidno. She came to Utah with her parents in 1861, 
 where she was raised and where she educated herself. Some 
 rather trying experiences befell her in her youth; she irri- 
 gated the family garden, emulated the example of Rutn in 
 the wheat fields, herded and milked cows, and at fourteen taught 
 a primary school of thirty scholars for one year From fifteen to 
 twenty she worked in a printing office as compositor, took a term 
 in the University of Deseret, graduating from the academic de- 
 partment, afterwards graduating from the medical department 
 of Michigan University, scientific department of the University 
 of Pennsylvania, and National School of Elocution and Ora- 
 tory. She attended a full course of lectures in the Philadel- 
 phia College of Pharmacy, and received the degrees of M. 
 D., B. S. and B. O. from the institutions named. Returning 
 to Utah she became physician of the Deseret Hospital, and 
 after three years went to Europe and for two years visited 
 medical institutions there, and on her return established a 
 training class for nurses. 
 
 In the State Senate Mrs. Cannon, during her four years' 
 term, made an excellent record. She became sponsor for all 
 bills relating to health, hospitals, etc. Besides this she has 
 been very active in politics, having been a delegate to every 
 State convention of her party since Statehood, also to county 
 and city conventions and primaries, has served on committees 
 and taken the stump during campaigns. Among her honors 
 might be mentioned that of being the only woman vice-pres- 
 ident of the American Congress of Tuberculosis. She is 
 young enough to add much more to her record and amply 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 457 
 
 illustrates the adage that "where there's a will there's a 
 way." 
 
 W. L. H. DOTSON, EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 
 
 [Portrait on page 112.] 
 
 MR. DOTSON, a popular merchant and politician, was 
 born in Pickens County, Alabama, in 1833. His family 
 moved to Mississippi shortly after, where young Dotson re- 
 ceived an education in the common schools. Upon the break- 
 ing out of the civil war he entered the Confederate army as 
 sergeant and acting quartermaster of the Second Mississippi 
 Cavalry, and remained in that position for three years and 
 three months. At the close of hostilities he came to Utah 
 and located first at Coalville; he then went to Cove Creek, 
 Millard County, and established a rarich at Pine Creek, a few 
 miles south, shortly after. From there he went to Miners- 
 ville in 1870, and has mainly resided there ever since. 
 
 Mr. Dotson was married in 1853 to Henrietta Landrum, 
 now deceased, and seven children, two boys and five girls, 
 were born to them. 
 
 The subject of this sketch has been three times a mem- 
 ber of the County Court of Beaver County. He was elected 
 a Representative in 1896, and served with decided ability. 
 
 EX-JUDGE C. S. ZANE. 
 
 [Portrait on page 255.] 
 
 CHARLES S. ZANE was born in Cumberland County, 
 
 New Jersey, on March 2, 1831. He was descended from a 
 
 certain Robert Zane, a Quaker, who came from England 
 
 with a company of people of his faith and settled at Salem, 
 
 20 
 
458 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Gloucester County, New Jersey, in 1672. The family contin- 
 ued to reside in Gloucester County for a number of genera- 
 tions. A descendant of a later generation, but prior to the 
 Revolution, emigrated to the western part of Virginia and 
 left numerous descendants there. One of this family was a 
 member of that committee of five in the Virginia House of 
 Burgesses of which Patrick Henry was chairman, and which 
 drafted the resolutions of resistance to the English govern- 
 ment. The Virginia branch of the house took a large part 
 in the settlement of the State of Ohio. The well-known ex- 
 ploit of Elizabeth Zane at the block house at Zanesville is 
 still remembered among the cherished traditions of the Musk- 
 ringum valley. The New Jersey branch of the family contin- 
 ued Quakers until within the present century. The father of 
 Judge Zane, Andrew Zane, was born and lived during his 
 early life in Gloucester County, New Jersey, and there mar- 
 ried Mary Franklin, a distant relative of the philosopher. 
 Later they removed to Cumberland County, where there was 
 no Quaker community. They identified themselves with the 
 Methodist church, but always clung to the simplicity of dress 
 and speech of the Friends. The father Andrew was a 
 thrifty farmer of correct and religious life, of the most indus- 
 trious habits and excellent judgment. 
 
 Judge Zane's arrival in Utah and his record here are 
 elsewhere detailed. He won many friends and not a few op- 
 ponents, but all hands conceded his honesty, integrity, im- 
 partiality and capacity, and now he has only friends. He was 
 the State's first Chief Justice, and filled the place with con- 
 spicuous capability. 
 
 W. M. ROYLANCE, EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 
 
 [Portrait on page 112.] 
 
 MR. ROYLANCE first opened his eyes upon the light of 
 day at Springville, Utah, on the 3ist day of March, 1865. 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 459 
 
 He began his career in the atmosphere of the stock ranch and 
 the farm, and after receiving a limited education in the public 
 schools, commenced a commercial life as clerk in a general 
 mercantile house. For a short time he quit this for a position 
 in the Rio Grande Western office at Springville, but a year 
 later, when only twenty, went back to his chosen calling as 
 proprietor of a wholesale fruit and produce institution, a busi- 
 ness which he has continued to follow up to the present 
 time. 
 
 He has held several political offices, having been in 1891 
 a member of the first Democratic city council of Springville, 
 and later, in 1893, city recorder. Prior to his election 
 to the State Legislature, he was a defeated candidate for the 
 same position, but in the election of 1896 his constituents sent 
 him to the State body with a majority of 2,000. He was re- 
 elected in 1898 and was chosen Speaker of the House. In 
 1902 he was nominated for State Senator, but failed to land. 
 
 Mr. Roylance was one of the organizers and directors of 
 the Springville Banking Company, and is generally recog- 
 nized as a progressive and public-spirited citizen. He 
 has of late been a resident of Provo, where he is engaged 
 in the commission and forwarding business, and is looked 
 upon as one of that progressive town's most desirable citizens. 
 
 ABRAM C. HATCH, DISTRICT ATTORNEY. 
 
 [Portrait on page 255.] 
 
 THE legal representative of the State for the Fourth Judi 
 cial District is an active and efficient officer. He is a native 
 of Utah, having first beheld the light of day at Lehi on Dec- 
 ember 14, 1856, his parents being Abram Hatch and Pamelia 
 Jane Lett Hatch, both members of the Mormon Church. In 
 1867- they removed to Heber City, where they have resided 
 
460 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 ever since. The subject of this sketch obtained the best 
 schooling that could be had in those days; he engaged in 
 clerking in a country store till nineteen years of age, when he 
 went to Ashley valley and engaged in the business of cattle 
 raising; when the place became settled he pulled out for 
 western Colorado, locating a little north of what was then 
 White River Indian reservation, following the same occupa- 
 tion then and ever since. The Meeker and Thornburg 
 massacres occurred while he was living there. Returning to 
 Heber in the fall of 1879 ne was married to Maria Luke on 
 December 17, following. By the marriage he has become 
 the father of three boys and one girl. His official life began 
 with his appointment as justice of the peace to fill a vacancy, 
 in 1882, and he held the place till the following election. He 
 was then elected County Attorney, but declined the position; 
 was town trustee and subsequently town attorney for Heber, 
 and in November, 1893, was elected to the Territorial Legis- 
 lature. All the while he was accumulating a knowledge of 
 the principles and practice of law, by diligent reading and 
 close observation, and on April 4, 1894, he was admitted to 
 the bar of the First Territorial district at Provo, this being 
 followed by admission to the Supreme Court in February, 
 1895. In the first State election of 1895 (November) Mr. 
 Hatch was the Republican candidate for District Judge, but 
 the district was then a Democratic stronghold and he was de- 
 feated. In 1896 was appointed to the vacancy on the bench 
 of that district (by that time the Fourth) occasioned by the 
 resignation of Judge Wilson; and in the election follov. ing 
 November, 1896 was again the nominee of his party for 
 Judge, but the "Bryan craze" was then at floodtide and an- 
 other reverse was recorded. In 1900 Mr. Hatch was nomi- 
 nated for District Attorney and triumphantly elected, this be- 
 ing the office he now holds. 
 
 Personally, Mr. Hatch is a pleasant, affable man, easy of 
 speech and address, but forcible enough when the occasion 
 calls for it. In politics he is as straightforward as in business 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 461 
 
 or any other department of life, and nothing could add 
 to that. 
 
 W. D. LIVINGSTON, DISTRICT ATTORNEY. 
 
 [Portrait on page 255.] 
 
 MR. LIVINGSTON was born April 26, 1871, at Salt Lake, 
 City, his parents being William and Lillias Livingston. They 
 went to Sanpete in 1882 and settled at Fountain Green, where 
 the homestead still remains and where the subject of this article 
 worked on a farm until he was eighteen. He was elected 
 County Recorder in 1894, and then went to Manti. where he 
 has lived ever since. He studied law with Sprague's Corres- 
 pondence School and was admitted to the bar in Salt Lake 
 City in 1896; was appointed Attorney of Sanpete County the 
 same year, and elected to that position in 1899. In 1900 he 
 was nominated by the Republicans for District Attorney and 
 elected. 
 
 Among Mr. Livingston's earliest experiences might be 
 mentioned teaching school in Fountain Green while fitting 
 himself for other callings. His father came to Utah in 1850 
 and was one of the builders of the State and the community 
 in which he lived. He died in 1900 and the mother followed 
 him four weeks later. W. D. has seven brothers and five 
 sisters, besides an interesting family of his own. He is one 
 of Manti's most progressive and prosperous citizens. 
 
 CHARLES DE MOISY. 
 
 [Portrait on Page 255.] 
 
 THE man who looks after the statistics of this young and 
 booming State, and does it in a thorough and satisfactory 
 mariner, is a native of Tennessee, having been born in Wash- 
 
462 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 ington County on April 12, 1851. He remained there till 
 1864, when he went to Chesapeake Bay, where he lived till the 
 end of the war. In 1865 he went to Cincinnati and here 
 rounded out his schooling, which had by no means been neg- 
 lected, and went into the business of civil engineering, which 
 he followed till 1893. He came to Utah in 1889, in connec- 
 tion with a projected Pacific railroad and decided to settle at 
 Provo, where he has resided ever since and where he was 
 admitted to the bar in 1893. Mr. De Moisy is a family man, 
 his wife's maiden name being Anna M. Gordon; they were 
 married on Sep. 8, 1881, at Fort Scott, Kansas, and have had 
 six children, four of whom are living. He was city engineer 
 of that place for four years, was a member of the school 
 board for the same length of time and secretary of the fair 
 association for several years. At Provo he has filled the 
 positions of justice of the peace and school trustee, and was 
 appointed State Statistician in June, 1901. He has been chair- 
 man of the Republican committee of Utah County for several 
 years, and under his leadership that Democratic stronghold 
 capitulated, in the Presidential election of 1900, giving a de- 
 cided Republican majority, greatly to the surprise of the 
 defeated party, as well as a good many of the victors; the 
 revolution was ratified in the general election of 1902. Not- 
 withstanding his decided partisanship Mr. De Moisy is by no 
 means an extremist; on the contrary he is quite moderate in 
 speech and action and has a host of friends among people of all 
 shades of opinion. He is quiet and unobtrusive in demeanor, 
 quite approachable and affable, is engaging in conversation 
 and altogether ranks among our best citizens. He is ably 
 assisted by Mr. Fred W. Price. 
 
 JAMES ANDRUS, EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 
 
 [Portrait on page 112.] 
 
 FOREMOST among the frontiersmen, colonizers and com- 
 munity builders of the great West stands the man whose 
 
SI AIL AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 463 
 
 name appears above. He is a native of Ohio, having been 
 born at Florence, Herron County, on June 14, 1835. He 
 parents went to Nauvoo in 1837 an ^ stayed there, participat- 
 ing in the hardships and turmoils, until the people were driven 
 away. They left in 1846, and went to the Pawnee village in 
 Nebraska, stayed with the Indians for some time. They re- 
 mained on the border till 1848. The father having gone on 
 a mission to England, the boy, at the age of thirteen, took his 
 father's place and brought the family successfully through to 
 Salt Lake, where he remained till 1861, when he went north 
 to Montana and Washington, traveled extensively and becom- 
 ing quite friendly with the Flathead Indians. Returning, he 
 went on a mission to England in 1867, but was called home 
 along with all others next )/ear because of the Johnston's 
 army episode, which is spoken of a good many times in this 
 book. Soon after returning he went on a mission to Uintah 
 with J. W. Fox and Jos. Cummings, then went on the Dixie 
 mission, which place he has never forsaken, although travel- 
 ing extensively in mission and exploration work. Has made 
 many trips across the plains and undergone perils and hard- 
 ships beyond mention. Was Bishop of the consolidated four 
 wards of St. George for nine years, also County Commis- 
 sioner and Lieutenant Colonel of Cavalry by appointment of 
 the Governor. He has a large family and is a large man all 
 through . 
 
 A reference to Mr. Andrus' Indian fighing and Legis- 
 lative experiences occurs elsewhere. 
 
 E. W. WILSON, EX-REPRESENTATIVE. 
 
 [Portrait on page 112.] 
 
 ONE of the most popular of Zion's citizens is the gentle- 
 man whose name appears above, albeit he is by no means a 
 native. He was born at Gibson City, Illinois, some thirty- 
 eight years ago, and spent the earlier part of his career on a 
 
464 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 farm. He went to the common schools, finally taking a term 
 in the high school of his native town, where he graduated, 
 then studied law at Valparaiso, Indiana, and being admitted to 
 the bar practiced in the courts at Fairview, Illinois, till 1889, 
 when he came to Utah. He was connected with the Utah 
 National Bank, Salt Lake City, for a time, and in 1891 en- 
 gaged in the insurance business with Frank Harris, which 
 continued for some time. He is at present connected with 
 the National Bank of the Republic. 
 
 In 1896 Mr. Wilson was nominated by the Democrats 
 for Representative in the State Legislature and elected by a 
 large majority. In the convention he came close to being 
 nominated for Senator, but failing of that his friends insisted 
 on his being a lawmaker anyway, and he was one of the 
 most active, intelligent and efficient members of the House of 
 the second session. He has been named for other honors 
 but respectfully declined. 
 
 C. ED. LOOSE, STATE SENATOR. 
 
 THE writer of these chapters has some early and inter- 
 esting recollections of Mr. Loose, having as a boy crossed 
 the plains with him before the locomotive's whistle echoed in 
 the gorges of the Wasatch Mountains, the train in which the 
 transit was made being a medley of horses, mules and cattle. 
 The progress made was not so giddy that an excellent com- 
 prehension of the country's characteristics could not be had, 
 the impressions generally not being striking. 
 
 Mr. Loose was wafted to this mundane sphere in 1853. 
 He became a sturdy, vigorous young man and is now a long 
 way from being an old one; his years set upon him so lightly 
 that he might easily be regarded as at that stage at which the 
 gateway separating youth from maturity has just been passed. 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 
 
 465 
 
 Mr. Loose is one of our successful mining men, the famed 
 Grand Central of Tintic being one of the monuments to his 
 enterprise, sagacity and push in the matter of developing 
 Utah's great mineral wealth. He is also a large property 
 owner otherwise and has amassed a fortune, but in doing so 
 has at all times and in all places been governed by legitimate 
 
 methods and honorable trans- 
 actions. He is one of the 
 most public-spirited men in 
 our midst and if the list of his 
 charitable deeds were pa- 
 raded before the public, no 
 doubt he himself would be 
 surprised at the array. He 
 was elected to the Provo 
 City Council in 1899, but 
 served only a short time, his 
 business interests making 
 further service impractic- 
 able. In 1900 he was chosen 
 an Elector on the McKinley 
 and Roosevelt ticket and was 
 made bearer of the State's 
 vote to Washington. The 
 same year, in June, he was 
 a delegate to the National 
 
 Republican Convention at Philadelphia and has been a dele- 
 gate to several State and other conventions. In 1902 he was 
 nominated by the Republicans of Utah County for State Sen- 
 ator and triumphantly elected. He has a legion of friends, 
 embracing men of all shades of opinion. 
 
 C. E. LOOSE. 
 
 U. S. SENATOR THOMAS KEARNS. 
 
 WHEN Thomas Kearns entered the United States Sen- 
 ate in 1901, he was one of the youngest men in that body, if 
 
466 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 not the very youngest. At the present time there are two 
 who are near him in that respect. He was born in the year 
 1862 and was consequently but 39 years of age at the time 
 spoken of, and very few men indeed have ever held member- 
 ship in that great arena with so much of life, in the ordinary 
 course of things, ahead of them. He spent the earlier part 
 of his career on a farm in Nebraska, but the growing fame 
 of the Black Hills gold mines proved too strong an attraction 
 to be resisted and he decided to cast his fortunes with the 
 mining industry. After a more or less successful season in 
 
 the hills he concluded to give 
 Utah a trial, and coming 
 here located at Park City,, 
 having then just arrived at 
 his majority. Without other 
 capital than good health, 
 good judgment and a robust 
 body, he went to delving and 
 burrowing into the hidden 
 treasure vaults of nature r 
 and for seven weary years 
 he worked for wages as a 
 miner in the Ontario. His 
 endurance and enterprise 
 were rewarded at last in the 
 acquisition and development 
 of the Silver King, at pres- 
 
 THOMAS KEARNS ent one o f t h e greatest mines 
 
 in the world. He is also connected with other mines of 
 great consequence and is engaged, along with Senator W. 
 A. Clark, Hon. R. C. Kerens and others, in the construction 
 of one of the greatest enterprises of the day the San Pedro 
 Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railway, elsewhere spoken of 
 at great length. 
 
 Notwithstanding his great good fortune and prominence, 
 Senator Kearns remains as genial and approachable as ever, 
 
STATE AhD OTHER OFFICIALS. 467 
 
 always with a glad greeting for a friend and a pleasant word 
 for all acquaintances. As a neighbor he is equal to the best, 
 and as a dispenser of charity and generosity he is too well 
 known to need further mention. 
 
 The Senator has a way of "doing things" that counts. 
 He does not theorize, or dally, or wait for something to turn 
 up; he takes right hold of whatever he engages to do and 
 brings about results at once. This characteristic among 
 others has enabled him to be a most useful representative, 
 and he is on the very best of terms with the head of the Gov- 
 ernment. He may not make as good a speech as some of 
 them, but he has P way of "getting there" which no amount 
 of speech-making could ever accomplish. 
 
 GEORGE M. CANNON, EX-STATE SENATOR. 
 
 [Portrait on page 124.] 
 
 THIS gentleman is a conspicuous member of the well- 
 known Cannon family of this State, being the son of Angus 
 M. and Sarah M. Cannon. He reached this mundane sphere 
 as a Christmas gift to his parents, having arrived on that day 
 in the year 1861 at St. George, Washington county. In 1868 
 his parents removed to Salt Lake City, where he attended 
 the district schools till twelve years old, and at that early age 
 began an active business career as bookkeeper for a coal 
 company. Returning to school as occasion permitted, he 
 finally graduated from the Deseret University in 1878, after 
 which he taught school for two years. He was variously con- 
 nected with the University, and was the first secretary, after- 
 ward president of the .\lumni Association. In 1884 he was 
 elected Recorder of Salt Lake County, having previously 
 been a deputy ^in the office, and on his twenty-third birthday 
 was married to Miss Addie Morris, by whom he has become 
 
468 
 
 U1AH AS IT IS. 
 
 the father of several children. He was an earnest member of 
 the Peoples' party, and upon its dissolution cast his fortunes 
 with the Republican party, in which he has been an active 
 worker. He was almost steadily a member of the Territor- 
 ial committe of his party, and in 1895 was elected chairman. 
 He was a candidate for the Legislature in 1891, but it was not 
 a Republican year and he went down with his ticket. In 1895 
 he was elected a delegate to the Constitutional Convention 
 and the same year was chosen a Senator in the first State 
 Legislature, being elected President of the upper branch, a 
 position which he filled with marked ability. He is and for 
 years has been cashier of Zion's Savings Bank and Trust 
 Company. 
 
 WILLARD DONE, REPRESENTATIVE. 
 
 MR. DONE was born in Moroni, Utah, on Dec. 10, 1865. 
 
 At the age of fifteen he 
 entered the Brigham Young 
 
 r Academy at Provo, and 
 
 graduating in 1883 he im- 
 mediately became an instruc- 
 tor in that institution. This 
 position was held for three 
 years, when he accepted an 
 offer to take charge of the 
 newly organized Stake Acad- 
 emy, now known as the L. 
 D. S. University, Salt Lake 
 City, and here he has resided 
 ever since. For one year 
 he was professor of theology 
 WILLARD DONE. * n the Brigham Young Acad- 
 
 emy at Logan, and soon after took up other callings. He 
 
STATE AND OTHER OFFICIALS. 469 
 
 has held several Church positions, and was elected to the 
 House in 1902. He was married on Dec. 23, 1885, to Miss 
 Amanda Forbes, and seven children have been born to them, 
 one of whom is dead. Prof. Done is an active, useful citizen. 
 
 JUDGE THOMAS MARIONEAUX. 
 
 [Portrait on page 255.] 
 
 THE presiding official of the Fifth Judicial District was 
 born in Louisana on the 2ist of January, 1867. In 1886 he 
 took a change of venue to Denver, Colorado, where he stud- 
 ied law in the office of Patterson & Thomas, also that of Sena- 
 tor Edward O. Wolcott. Mr. Marioneaux. remained in Den- 
 ver till the fall of 1889, when he set his face Zionward and 
 reached here without incident or impediment. He at once 
 entered into employment with the well-known legal firm of 
 Bennett, Marshall & Bradley, Salt Lake City. June 10, 1902, 
 he was admitted to the bar of the Utah Supreme Court, and 
 in 1894 was appointed official reporter of the Third District 
 Court, which position he held till Statehood. In June, 1898, 
 he moved to Beaver, and the following year was appointed 
 District Attorney for that district, being elected Judge there- 
 of in 1900 for the term of four years. 
 
 Judge Marioneaux is a Democrat in politics and a Roman 
 Catholic in religion, by no means an infrequent combination. 
 He is an excellent lawyer, a capable and impartial Judge and 
 a first-class citizen throughout. 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 
 
 PROMINENT MEMBERS OF THE BAR, PHYSI- 
 CIANS AND OTHERS. 
 
 THIS State contains a goodly share of men and women 
 who have passed the different and difficult stages of pro- 
 fessional training, graduated with honor and practice their 
 calling with success. A few of these have been selected as 
 representatives of the whole. All that are herein named have 
 lived here a good while (some were born here) and have thus 
 acquired a standing which cannot be shaken and speaks for 
 itself. 
 
 The rule elsewhere obtaining that the order in which 
 the sketches appear have no other significance than showing, 
 as nearly as possible, the order in which they were received, 
 is not departed from herein. It is necessary to keep this 
 before the reader in order that there may be no misunder- 
 standing. 
 
 FRANKLIN S. RICHARDS, ATTORNEY. 
 
 The earlier chapters of this book have already acquaint- 
 ed the reader with the general character of the hard trials 
 and grinding circumstances under which Utah was peopled 
 and built up, but to particularize fully would require a dozen 
 volumes as large as this, and it would even then be question- 
 able if the tale had been fully told. Incidents here and there 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 
 
 471 
 
 add somewhat to the story in chief, all illustrative of the soul- 
 wearying task which the Pioneers and their immediate fol- 
 lowers took upon themselves in building a commonwealth 
 where nature was so stubbornly arrayed against them. Surely 
 children born at such times and under such circumstances are 
 "heirs to the State" and all the good things it can give its loyal 
 sons and daughters. One of these, and a most conspicuous 
 one, is the subject of this sketch, Franklin Snyder Richards. 
 He first opened his eyes up- 
 on this "vale of tears" less 
 than two years after the ex- 
 iles of Missouri and Illinois 
 pitched their tents in the val- 
 ley of the Great Salt Lake 
 and adopted it as their home; 
 among this far-famed and 
 widely honored band were 
 his father and mother. Frank- 
 lin Dewey and Jane Snyder 
 Richards. The exact date of 
 his birth was June 20, 1849; 
 the place, Salt Lake City, 
 although it was rather a 
 meagre sort of "city" at that 
 time. The mother had lost 
 two children through the ex- 
 pulsion from Nauvoo, and 
 this with the attendant cir- 
 cumstances and her own poor health, argued poorly for 
 the physical welfare of the third offspring. The family, in 
 common with others, were but poorly sheltered, exposures 
 to inclement conditions were the rule, and it is a wonder 
 that either mother or child ever lived to see the fruition and 
 the grand and consequential work which then had its incep- 
 tion; but the,y did live and prosper, reaping such rewards 
 as were then wholly shut out from the vision. 
 
 FRANKLIN S. RICHARDS- 
 
472 VI AH AS IT IS. 
 
 Franklin S. was early given such school advantages as 
 the community afforded, and proving an apt scholar he 
 advanced rapidly, so much so that when only seventeen years 
 old he became a pedagogue himself, teaching a large and 
 select school for three years and helping to support his 
 father's family while the latter was on his last mission to 
 Europe, private tutors meantime fitting him tor loftier flights 
 On December 18, 1868, he was married to Miss Emily S. 
 Tanner, who became one of Utah's foremost women, and a 
 goodly family has been theirs. Two of their sons, Franklin 
 Dewey and Joseph Tanner, became members of the bar at an 
 early age and have been admitted to the bar of the U. S. Su- 
 preme Court and of the Supreme Court of California. In 
 1869 Mr. Richards removed to Ogden and there took up the 
 study of law, meanwhile filling in a most effective manner the 
 offices of Probate Clerk and County Recorder. Having 
 thoroughly digested the philosophy of law, be was admitted 
 to the bar in June, 1874, and it is needless to stiy that his prog- 
 ress has been steady and rapid, he being at this time one of 
 the best known, most highly respected and busiest men in the 
 profession. He was successful from the beginning, and his 
 record is a great chapter of successes, to set forth any consid- 
 erable part of which would be quite out of the question. He 
 is and for many years has been the attorney of the Mormon 
 Church, a position which, during some of the more stormy 
 periods of Utah's social history, has placed him in hazardous 
 and difficult situations, but he never failed to acquit himself 
 and his cause with honor and steadfastness, also with success 
 whenever the "peculiar conditions" were sufficiently relaxed 
 to make success a possibility. He has been a member of 
 two State Constitutional conventions, including the last one r 
 has several times been a member of the Territorial Legisla- 
 ture, during one term being President of the upper branch, 
 and could have gone to Congress in 1882 if he had coveted 
 the distinction, a majority of his party's convention being out- 
 spoken for him; notwithstanding this, his great regard for 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 473 
 
 the welfare of his people caused him to put in much valuable 
 time at Washington during the sessions of Congress when 
 inimical legislation was pending, and the assistance rendered 
 the Territorial Delegate at such times was very great. In 
 1884 he was tendered and accepted the office of City Attor- 
 ney of Salt Lake City, which necessitated his return, and 
 here he has resided ever since. He was chairman of the 
 People's party when came the dissolution thereof and the 
 division of the voters on national lines, taking the Demo- 
 cratic side himself, and rendering that cause from time to 
 time immeasurable service. It should be mentioned, before it 
 is too late, that he is a member of the bar of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States and of the State of California; 
 also that, in 1877, he went upon and honorably filled a mission 
 to Europe. 
 
 This brief sketch contains a life story which might be 
 elaborated into a goodly volume. It imperfectly, but still it 
 is hoped impressively, shows forth a sample of the splendid 
 material out of which the commonwealth has grown and upon 
 which the grand superstructure depends. Utah has much to 
 be proud of, but of nothing more than her tried, true and 
 gifted sons and daughters, conspicuous among whom is 
 Franklin S. Richards. 
 
 ORLANDO W. POWERS, ATTORNEY. 
 
 [Portrait on page 132.] 
 
 JUDGE POWERS has had a most active career, here 
 and elsewhere. He is descended from illustrious ancestry, 
 traceable back to mediaeval English history and embracing 
 names in the early and subsequent history of the United 
 States, many of them figuring conspicuously in Colonial and 
 Revolutionary times. He was born on June 16, 1850, at 
 Pultneyville, Wayne County, New York, a little hamlet on 
 
 31 
 
474 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 the shore of Lake Ontario, sixteen miles north of Palmyra. 
 There his early boyhood was passed, his parents being 
 farmers and in moderate circumstances. His childhood was 
 similar to that of most boys who grow up on farms, and 
 not possessing a surplus of physical strength, the farm work 
 was to him harder than to most children, and his apparent 
 lack of interest in the work caused his father to despair of 
 his ever amounting to anything in the world. He was edu- 
 cated, for the most part, in a district school, attending school 
 winters and working on the farm during the summer months. 
 Later he attended, for two terms, the Sodus Academy, and 
 likewise, for two terms the Marion Collegiate Institute of 
 Wayne County, New York. His parents were not financially 
 able to give him an elaborate education, although his mother, 
 a very ambitious and naturally intellectual woman, closely 
 economized and hoarded her earnings that she might devote 
 them to the education of her three children. When young 
 Powers was eighteen years of age he was given the choice of 
 taking a course at the Cornell University or of attending the 
 law school of Michigan University at Ann Arbor and per- 
 fecting himself for the legal profession. He at that time fully 
 determined to become a lawyer, and from a justice of the 
 peace procured a copy of the Revised Statutes of New York, 
 which his father was horrified to find he was reading one day 
 in a corner of the rail fence, when he was supposed to be 
 hoeing corn. Shortly after that he was called upon to try his 
 first case. A suit had been instituted by an administrator to 
 recover upon a promissory note, and the defense set up was 
 that the note was a forgery. Powers prepared himself for 
 the fray and wrote out in full, and committed to memory, his 
 argument in advance; the verdict of the jury was in his favor, 
 and for his services he received five dollars, which to him 
 then was a large sum of money, and he immediately invested 
 four dollars of the same in "Metcalf on Contracts," which 
 was the nucleus of his law library. 
 
 Mr. Powers entered the law school of Michigan Univer- 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 475 
 
 sity in the fall of 1869, and graduated in the spring of 1871, 
 in the same dass with Gov. Charles S. Thomas of Denver, 
 Colorado. He then returned home and worked on the farm 
 for a time and secured other employment in order to obtain 
 the means with which to start into practice. In the fall of 
 1872, he then being just past twenty-one years of age, was 
 nominated by the Democrats of the Western Assembly dis- 
 trict of Wayne County for the Legislature of New York. 
 The district was overwhelmingly Republican and he was de- 
 feated at the polls, his opponent being the Hon. L. T. Yo- 
 mans, a brother-in-law of ex-President Grover Cleveland. In 
 the spring of 1873 he removed to Kalamazoo, Michigan, 
 landing there with less than one hundred dollars in money, 
 never having had experience in a law office, and with no 
 practical experience at the bar. He succeeded in obtaining 
 the position of a clerk in the office of May & Buck. The 
 firm allowed him his board and permission to sleep in a room 
 back of the office. After he had been with them for three 
 months, they allowed him a salary of ten dollars per month 
 in addition to his board and lodging, requiring him, however, 
 to put into the firm five hundred dollars worth of law books, 
 which he procured by borrowing the money. 
 
 He found time, in the midst of his later law practice, to 
 act for many years as county chairman for the Democrats of 
 Kalamazoo County, directing his party in several hard fought 
 campaigns. 
 
 In 1876 Judge Powers was elected City Attorney of Kal- 
 amazoo. In the Presidential campaign of 1876 he stumped 
 the State for Samuel J. Tilden; also took part in the cam- 
 paign in Indiana, speaking through the northern part with 
 Gov. Hendricks and Daniel W. Voorhees. A strong friend- 
 ship grew up between Judge Powers and Gov. Hendricks, 
 and thereaftef the former was a staunch supporter of the great 
 Indiana statesman. 
 
 In 1878 and 1879 Mr. Powers was actively engaged in 
 the- practice oi lais profession, being connected with some 
 
476 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 the largest cases of that section of the State, and he also took 
 a prominent and active part in polttical and public affairs. 
 
 In 1880, after bitter opposition, and without his consent, 
 Judge Powers was almost unanimously nominated for Con- 
 gressman from the old Fourth district of Michigan, a district 
 that had almost uniformly been represented by a Republican. 
 He was defeated by Julius Caesar Burrows, now Senator from 
 Michigan. The result of the campaign, however, left bitter- 
 ness of feeling existing among the older element of the party, 
 which had desired the nomination of Dr. Pratt, which feeling 
 continued and was a factor in the bitter fight that was after- 
 wards waged against Mr. Powers' confirmation for Associate 
 Justice of Utah, when the same was pending before the United 
 States Senate. 
 
 In 1882 Mr. Powers wrote a law book upon Chancery 
 Practice and Pleading, adapted to the courts of Michigan. 
 The volume contained eight hundred and forty-nine pages 
 and three hundred and five practical forms. It is today a 
 recognized authority upon the subject of which it treats and 
 met with a large sale. In 1884, at the request of the Rich- 
 mond Backus Company, publishers of law books of Detroit, 
 Michigan, he wrote a work of four hundred and thirty-six 
 pages, entitled Powers' Practice, the book treating of the sub- 
 ject of practice in the Supreme Court of the State of Michi- 
 gan. It was prepared amid active professional duties and met 
 with a good reception from the bench and bar. In the same 
 year, 1884, Judge Powers was elected one of the four dele- 
 gates at large to represent the State at the Democratic Na- 
 tional Convention at Chicago. His candidacy for the place 
 was opposed by the element in his party which became dis- 
 satisfied with his nomination to Congress, nevertheless in the 
 convention of nearly nine hundred delegates, he received 
 more than two-thirds majority. 
 
 In 1885 Judge Powers was again elected City Attor- 
 ney of Kalamazoo. A contest arose over the appoint- 
 ment of a postmaster for that city. Mr. Powers went to 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 477 
 
 Washington in the interest of a friend, and there procured the 
 assistance of Don M. Dickinson. A day or two after his 
 return to Kalamazoo, as he was passing the telegraph office 
 he was handed a telegram from Mr. Dickinson, which read, 
 ;< Will you accept position as Associate Justice of Utah ? 
 Answer quick." Mr. Powers had no thought of any such 
 appointment but immediately, upon receipt of the telegram, 
 he turned to the telegraph office and wrote the reply "Yes." 
 That was in April, and in due time the appointment was 
 made. In May of that year Mr. Powers came to Utah, took 
 the oath of office and entered upon his duties as Associate 
 Justice of Utah, and Judge of the First Judicial District, with 
 headquarters at Ogden. His experience on the bench was 
 not of the most pleasant nature. The laws against polygamy 
 and unlawful cohabitation were then being enforced with 
 great vigor. The Judge's record from this point on is too 
 well known to need repeating. (His political career is referred 
 to elsewhere). 
 
 On October 26, 1887, Judge Powers was married to 
 Anna Whipple, daughter of George Whipple, an old resident 
 and merchant of Burlington, Iowa. They have had two chil- 
 dren born to them, Don Whipple Powers, who died in 1886, 
 and the other Roger Woodworth Powers, now twelve years 
 of age. 
 
 Anticipating that the division upon national party lines 
 was bound to come here in Utah, by virtue of the changed 
 conditions, Mr. Powers organized what was known as the 
 Tuscarora Society, a Democratic organization composed of 
 Liberals, which grew to a membership of eleven hundred, 
 and which was a strong political factor, in 1892, at the National 
 Convention at Chicago; the Tuscarora Society ran a special 
 train, containing a drum corps and about sixty members of the 
 organization, to that city, where they were a feature of the 
 convention that year. Mr. Powers, with Fred J, Kiesel, at- 
 tended that convention as delegates from Utah, representing 
 the- Liberal wing of the Democratic party. Their right to sit 
 
478 VI AH AS IT IS. 
 
 as delegates was contested by Judge Henderson and Hon. 
 John T. Caine, who were representatives of the newly formed 
 Democratic party of Utah. The latter were seated. 
 
 In 1892 Judge Powers was elected a member of the 
 Legislature of Utah, and served during the session of 1893. 
 In 1895 he was unanimously chosen chairman of the Demo- 
 cratic State Central Committe of Utah, and waged a very 
 energetic campaign. He was re-elected chairman in 1896, 
 the State that year giving a very heavy Democratic majority. 
 At the request of the National Committee in 1896, Mr. 
 Powers stumped the States of Illinois, Iowa. Nebraska and 
 Wyoming, part of the time speaking with Mr. Bryan from 
 the latter's special train. Mr. Powers was a member of the 
 Democratic Convention held at Chicago in 1896, and was 
 made chairman of the Utah delegation. He submitted the 
 plan which was afterwards adopted, for the organization of 
 silver delegates in that convention, which afterwards proved 
 so effective and which surprised the gold standard men by its 
 completeness. At the convention he placed in nomination 
 for the Vice-Presidency the Hon. John W. Daniel of Virginia, 
 making a speech that was very highly complimented. 
 
 In December, 1896, he resigned as chairman of the 
 Democratic State Committe and announced himself as a can- 
 didate for the United States Senate, withdrawing, however, 
 before the balloting commenced in favor of Hon. Moses 
 Thatcher, the conditions at that time impressing Mr. Powers 
 that it was his duty so to do. Nevertheless, during nearly 
 the whole fight he was voted for by Senator Mattie Hughes 
 Cannon. 
 
 In 1898 Mr. Powers again became a candidate for 
 the United States Senate, and was one of the leading candi- 
 dates during the whole session, which resulted in no election 
 of a Senator from Utah. 
 
 On August 26, 1899, an attempt was made by an ex- 
 convict named John Y. Smith to take the life of Mr. Powers 
 by means^of an infernal machine, loaded with giant powder 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 479 
 
 and fulminating caps. The contrivance was ingeniously con- 
 structed, but by one of those fortunate mental warnings which 
 baffle description, but which are sometimes experienced, Mr. 
 Powers did not open the box, bat turned it over to the police 
 who discovered its dangerous character. The Governor of 
 Utah offered a reward of five hundred dollars for the arrest of 
 and conviction of the perpetrator, and he was secured while 
 endeavoring to escape. His trial was had in December, 
 1897, and he was convicted of an assault with intent to mur- 
 der. The day after his conviction, he ended his life by taking 
 morphine with suicidal intent. After his conviction he con- 
 fessed his connection with the effort to take Mr. Powers' life. 
 As a lawyer Judge Powers is the head of a well-known 
 law firm of Salt Lake City. He is employed in cases of the 
 highest importance. His practice is very large, extending 
 over Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada and Colorado, and com- 
 prises all branches of the law. He is constantly called upon 
 to speak upon public occasions, and is a very busy man. 
 
 CHARLES W. PENROSE, EDITOR. 
 
 [Portrait on page 157.] 
 
 MR. PENROSE is a native of England, having been born 
 on February 4, 1832, at Camberwell, London. He acquired 
 the rudiments of an education at an astonishingly early age, 
 and could read and was familiar with the teachings of the 
 Bible when under four years old. Having thus a spiritual cast of 
 mind he easily became a convert to the Mormon doctrine, and 
 was baptized May 14, 1850, he being the only member of 
 his father's family so to do. He was ordained an elder 
 when only nineteen years old, and went into active service in 
 the ministry at once, this being greatly to his detriment 
 socially and financially. He underwent many hardships in 
 upholding his .convictions and discharging his duties, but he 
 kept on undaunted. In 1855 ne was married to Miss Lucetta 
 
480 1 1AH AS IT IS 
 
 Stratford, who with all her family had been converted by 
 Elder Penrose. He presided over several conferences, and 
 when opportunity offered wrote articles for the Millennial 
 Star. After ten years of active service he was released and 
 at once departed for America, this being the year 1861, and 
 being accompanied by 620 emigrants, whom he looked 
 after faithfully on shipboard, through the States and during 
 the then dreary journey across the plains. Arriving in Utah 
 he first settled in Farmington, and though not accustomed to 
 such severe toil as fell to the lot of the Utah settler he made 
 the most of it, and by teaching school in winter soon acquired 
 a home. He removed to Cache Valley by call in the fall of 
 1864, and repeated his Farmington experiences there, the 
 following year (April) being called on a mission to England, 
 and the drastic overland trip was again undertaken; he 
 walked most of the way, but made the unusually good time 
 of thirty-six days, the savages being exceedingly hostile the 
 whole way. He returned from this mission, which was a 
 very active and resultful one, in 1868. His next move was 
 merchandising at Logan, the firm being Shearman & Penrose. 
 He held various other positions of importance, and in January, 
 1870, accepted an invitation to edit the Ogden Junction, then 
 just started. Here he became a member of the City Council, 
 held various Church positions, and became a factor in politics. 
 In 1874 he was elected to the Legislature, and three years 
 later became editor of the Deseret News and moved to Salt 
 Lake City, where he has resided ever since. He was again 
 elected to the Legislature in 1879, re-elected two years later, 
 and elected a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 
 1882. He filled another mission to England during the 
 "reign of terror," in 1885, but did not escape the wrath of 
 the raiders altogether, for in 1890 he was brought before 
 Judge T. J. Anderson as witness in a special examination 
 relating to Mormons' eligibility for naturalization, and being 
 asked questions regarding his marital relations, which were 
 not at all in issue, he refused to answer and was sent to the 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 
 
 481 
 
 penitentiary for five days, the legal limit for contempt. In 
 October, 1892, he became editor of the Salt Lake Herald 
 and remained there till 1895, when he was appointed first 
 assistant in the Historian's office, retiring from that position 
 in January, 1899, to again become editor of the JVews, the 
 position he now holds. 
 
 It is clearly impossible in sketching so active a life to 
 set forth all the events of interest in this narrow compass, but 
 enough is presented to give an excellent idea of the whole. 
 Personally Mr. Penrose is of most agreeable disposition, he 
 writes with great vigor and clearness, and is unquestionably 
 one of the ablest pulpit orators in the country. 
 
 ALVIN V. TAYLOR, ATTORNEY. 
 
 MR. TAYLOR, although 
 
 AJ,.VIN V. TAYLOR. 
 
 one of the youngest, is recog- 
 nized as among the ablest of 
 the members of the bar of 
 this city, where he was born 
 February 25, 1865. He is 
 the son of another State 
 Representative Joseph E. 
 Taylor, who also has a show- 
 ing in this book his mother 
 being Louise R. Taylor. At 
 the age of 13 the subject of 
 this sketch entered the Uni- 
 versity of Utah, graduating 
 therefrom in three years. 
 He then took a position with 
 the Western Union Tele- 
 graph company, remaining 
 there eleven months, then 
 accepting a place as opera- 
 tor and agent for the D. & 
 
482 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 R. G. Railway Co. Here he remained until 1886, when he 
 went into the stock ranching business, and in 1889 went East to 
 study law, graduating with the degrees L. L. B. and L. L. JVL 
 In 1891 Mr. Taylor was admitted to the bar of the Supreme 
 Court of Virginia, of the District of Columbia, and afterwards 
 came to Salt Lake City, in which city he has practiced law 
 ever since. He was elected to the first State Legislature as 
 Representative. Is at present Vice-President and General 
 Manager of the Salt Lake and Suburban Railway, now being 
 built in Salt Lake City and county. Is also interested con- 
 siderably in mining, and is President and Manager of the South 
 Quincy Mining Co., of Park City, Utah, 
 
 ORESTES UTAH BEAN, DRAMATIST. 
 
 UTAH has developed several dramatic authors of marked 
 ability, some of whose productions have been placed before the 
 public and received marked approval. Among them are 
 E. W. Tullidge and John S. Lindsay; but it has remained for 
 a later day composer to bring into existence a play whose 
 merits have made it a prime favorite with the theatre-going 
 public and a reputation co-extensive with the national domain at 
 least. This man is Orestes Utah Bean and the play 
 "Corianton." 
 
 Mr. Bean is distinctly a Utah product. He was born in 
 Provo, November 8, 1873, his parents being George W. and 
 Elizabeth B. Bean, the former being a Pioneer and noted 
 Indian interpreter. The family subsequently removed to 
 their present residence, Richfield. Young Bean was educated 
 and subsequently taught a class in the Brigham Young Acad- 
 emy at Provo, his career being signally successful. A favorite 
 occupation was delving into the historic and pre-historic con- 
 ditions of America, and in this he found the Book of Mormon 
 very interesting and helpful; and here he found the first in- 
 spiration for the play. He has always been a leading spirit,, 
 his unconventional and original methods of doing and saying 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 
 
 483 
 
 things naturally making him such; as an illustration of this he 
 was at one time in Richfield a school teacher, assistant 
 superintendent of Sunday schools, president of the literary 
 society, president of the Mutual Improvement Association, 
 captain of a military company, teacher of a theological class, 
 manager of the dramatic company, captain of a baseball club, 
 and manager of public entertainments. Surely, a wide range 
 with sufficient variety to suit most people, but not so Mr. 
 Bean; and in order that no valuable time might be wasted, he 
 took up the production of his biggest work so far, the play 
 spoken of. The materials for a play were hardly supposed 
 to exist in the Book of Mormon, and older and more experi- 
 enced heads v, ere shaken dubiously when he mentioned the 
 possibilities to them. On this he worked sometimes till 
 4 o'clock in the morning. Previous to this exacting labor 
 he was an athlete, able to spring over two horses at a bound 
 
 without touching either, but 
 he soon became greatly bro- 
 ken down in nerve and 
 muscle. He acted in and 
 staged many plays with suc- 
 cess, revising and adapting 
 them to the company's ca- 
 pacities as he went along, 
 and became thoroughly ac- 
 quainted with the technique 
 and finesse of dramatic rep- 
 resentation. In casting about 
 for a subject for a play on 
 his favorite theme, the 
 "hidden past of America," 
 he came up against B. H. 
 Roberts' amplified sketch of 
 Corianton, and, while this 
 was by no means a completed 
 upon which to rear a more 
 
 ORESTES UTAH BEAN. 
 
 theme, it served as a 
 
 basis 
 
484 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 elaborate structure. Mr. Bean actually composed in bed and 
 wrote at his meals, and devoted all his spare time to the pro- 
 duction; his system was saturated with it, and at the end of 
 two years the work which he expected tb complete in as 
 many months was finished. He encountered the usual vicis- 
 situdes in getting a producer and finally made for the 
 theatrical fountain head, New York, reaching there with 
 75 cents only. Fortune favored, as it is always supposed 
 to do with the daring, and he secured an engagement in the 
 original production of "Ben Hur," which put him on his feet. 
 While at this he worked his own play into notice, having the 
 satisfaction to have it pronounced a masterpiece by the 
 critics, but he was an unknown quantity and the theme was 
 not popular. He stayed with his work faithfully, however, 
 under the most trying discouragements, and finally the Deseret 
 Dramatic Syndicate sprang into existence and an elaborate 
 and highly successful production of the play followed. His 
 picture tells the rest. 
 
 JOSEPH C. RICH, LAWYER AND WRITER. 
 
 ALTHOUGH at present and for several years past a resid- 
 ent of Idaho, Mr. Rich is looked upon as a Utah man, his 
 "bringing up" and place of abode up to the time of bis 
 removal having been chiefly in Salt Lake City. He was 
 born in historic Nauvoo, on January 16, 1841, and came to 
 Utah on October 2, 1847, with his father and mother, these 
 being the late Apostle Charles C. Rich and his wife Sarah, 
 both Pioneers and possessed of rare, sterling qualities. Joseph 
 went with his father to California in 1855 a d remained there 
 till 1857, during which time the boy went to school. His father 
 bought the San Bernardino ranch and, with Amasa Lyman, 
 founded the town of that name. On his return Josesph took 
 up arms "ag'in' the Government" as represented by Johnston's 
 army, and in 1860 went on a mission to England. In 1863 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 
 
 485 
 
 he settled with a colony in Bear Lake valley, Idaho, and the 
 families moved in next year, by which means he became a 
 pioneer ot another State, this being the third. He started 
 the first paper in that part of the country, the Bear Lake 
 Democrat. Having read law in the office of Hosea Stout, 
 
 Salt Lake City, he continued 
 his studies in his new abode, 
 was admitted to the bar at 
 Salmon City, Idaho, and has 
 been a practitioner ever since 
 until elected Judge of the 
 Fifth judicial district, com- 
 prising the counties of Bear 
 Lake, Oneida, Bannock, 
 Bingham, Fremont and Lem- 
 hi, in 1898; he served till 
 1903, when he left the bench 
 and resumed the practice of 
 law. 
 
 Mr. Rich was married to 
 Ann Eliza Hunter in 1868 
 nrA has had nine children 
 JOSEPH c. RICH. born to him, six of whom 
 
 are living. He is known to 
 
 old newspaper readers and others hereabout as a humorous 
 writer of excellent ability; he is well stocked with incidents 
 of interest, which he relates at times in a manner all his 
 own. He is an agreeable personage, at home everywhere and 
 hasn't an enemy in the world. 
 
 At present he resides at his famous Hot Springs on the 
 shore of the beautiful Bear Lake, the most attractive and 
 healthful summer resort in the Rocky Mountain region. 
 
 S. A. KING, ATTORNEY. 
 - SAMUEL A. KING was born in Fillmore on January 9, 
 
486 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 1868. .His parents were William and Josephine Henry King, 
 the latter departing this life when the boy was but five 
 weeks old, he being raised by his grandparents on his 
 mother's side. His grandfather was an Irishman, and in this 
 ancestry is traceable the ready wit and copious vocabulary 
 which characterizes S. A. and his brother W. H. The former 
 
 went to a grammar school 
 at Fillmore, then took a 
 term in the B. Y. Academy 
 at Provo, this concluding 
 in 1888. In 1889 he spent 
 a winter ai the Utah Uni- 
 versity and in the follow- 
 ing year worked on the 
 Utah Central railway till 
 December, when he went 
 on a mission to England. 
 He spent eighteen months 
 in London and vicinity and 
 took a trip on the continent, 
 visiting Belgium, Holland, 
 France, Switzerland and 
 Italy. In 1891 he went 
 through Scotland and spent 
 six weeks in Ireland, re- 
 turning home in December, 
 
 1891. He then took up the study of law in the office of 
 King & Houtz, Provo, and was admitted to the bar in 
 August, 1892. He was married to Maynetta Bagley, Sep- 
 tember 14, 1892, and immediately proceeded to Ann Arbor 
 with his wife, graduating in June, 1893. He then returned 
 to Provo and opened an office, becoming attorney for the 
 First National Bank, holding the place for six years; was 
 also appointed City Attorney and served for two years, from 
 1896 to 1898; was County Attorney and District Attorney 
 from May, 1899, to IQOI. Mr. King is a Democrat and has 
 
 S. A. KING. 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 
 
 487 
 
 figured largely in many campaigns. He is engaged exten- 
 sively in mining and is a member of the firm of King, Burton 
 & King, lawyers, having a fine practice. 
 
 NOBLE WARRUM, ATTORNEY AND EDITOR. 
 
 BORN in 1865 at Greenfield, Indiana. He attended the 
 
 public schools and 
 high school at that 
 place. Was at De 
 Pauw University for 
 two years and took 
 a law course at Ann 
 Arbor, Michigan, in 
 1887-9, an d was ad- 
 mitted to practice in 
 the Supreme Court 
 of Utah in iSpOjbeing 
 a charter member of 
 the Utah Bar As- 
 sociation. He prac- 
 ticed law for two 
 years in Logan and 
 bought the Journal 
 there, in charge of 
 which he remained 
 for five years, when 
 he came to Salt Lake as editor-in-chief of the Herald, from 
 which position he resigned in 1900 to go into the plantation 
 business in Mexico. Col. Warrum has held several positions 
 of trust since locating in Utah twelve years ago, showing the 
 esteem in which he is held by his neighbors and fellow 
 citizens. He was Judge of the Probate Court of Cache 
 County and Chairman of the Board of County Commissioners 
 
 WARRUM. 
 
488 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 for two years. In 1894 he was elected a member of the 
 Constitutional Convention and the following year was de- 
 feated for the District Judgeship of the First Judicial District 
 by three votes. He was that fall unanimously nominated and 
 elected by a large majority to the first State Senate. At the close 
 of the session he was appointed by Governor Wells as Jud^e 
 Advocate General with the rank of Colonel in the State 
 militia. In 1890 Col. Warrum was elected secretary of the 
 State Senate, a position he filled with marked ability. 
 
 Although Mr. Warrum has always stood high in the 
 councils of his party he declares that politics will have no 
 attraction for him henceforth, as his entire time and atten- 
 tion will be given to the culture of rubber in the future of 
 which he has unbounded confidence. 
 
 D. O. RIDEOUT, JR., EX-STATE SENATOR. 
 
 [Portrait 011 page 107.] 
 
 MR. RIDEOUT is emphatically a Salt Laker, having been- 
 born in this county in 1854, an< ^ resided here almost contin- 
 uously ever since. In 1868 his father moved from the city 
 to Draper, where the boy entered the school taught by Dr. 
 J. R. Park, later attending the Logan College, subsequently 
 teaching school himself, but did not like the business and 
 went to grading and contracting. Afterwards he went into- 
 merchandising and followed it with considerable success. 
 From 1884 to 1886 he was justice of the peace of Draper 
 precinct, and in 1891 went to the University of Michigan,, 
 where he spent two years in the law class, and graduated, 
 being admitted to the bar afterwards. He has considerable 
 political experience, among other things being elected to 
 the State Senate in 1896, and serving in the second and third 
 sessions, where he was an able and efficient member. 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 
 
 489 
 
 CHARLES C. RICHARDS, ATTORNEY. 
 
 ANOTHER son of the late Apostle Franklin D. Richards, 
 is the one named above, now and for many years past a 
 well-known and successful attorney of Ogden. He was born 
 in Salt] Lake City on September 16, 1859, anc * s P ent his 
 earlier years here, going to his present place of residence 
 
 when his parents moved 
 there, in 1869. To a liberal 
 education, he has added 
 persistent and continuous 
 study, realizing that there is 
 no royal road to success, and 
 that advantages are worth- 
 less unless accompanied by 
 unremitting labor and care. 
 It thus falls that Mr Rich- 
 ards, at this time, is in the 
 possession of a fine practice 
 and a good income, and is 
 still a hard worker, delving 
 in the caves of knowledge 
 and still adding treasures to 
 his store. For many years 
 he has been a member of the bar of the Supreme Court of 
 the United States. 
 
 It is not only as a lawyer that Mr. Richards has figured 
 conspicuously and successfully, but in the political field as 
 well. He held several county positions in Weber County 
 at an early stage of his career, among them being the offices 
 of County Clerk and County Attorney; was elected to the 
 lower house of the Territorial Legislature in 1887 and to the 
 upper house in 1889, where his natural aptitude for legisla- 
 tion made him a useful and effective member. It was while 
 he was serving his term in the House of Representatives 
 that the Territorial Reform School and Agricultural College 
 
 33 
 
 CHARGES C. RICHARDS. 
 
490 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 were established, and, after one of the hardest fights ever 
 made in the Assembly, he succeeded in having the Reform 
 School located in Weber county. All the while his eye was 
 fixed upon the Americanization of Utah, by having conflicting 
 political elements divided by the means prevailing elsewhere, 
 instead of religious differences being the line of demarcation. 
 But he would not move in so important a matter until the 
 conditions were ripe until the slow but steadily moving hand 
 of time brought about such amelioration of the bitter strife 
 which had prevailed that, when the revolution began, noth- 
 ing could successfully stand against it. The time came just 
 .ifter the event last noted and he was placed among the law- 
 makers as a member of the People's party, to which his 
 allegiance was steadfastly given, up to the time it vanished 
 from the scene, the election in which he was chosen to the 
 upper house being its last contest. 
 
 It took acumen, forethought, matured judgment and ex- 
 ecutive capacity to effect the great consummation spoken of, 
 and, even when the pronunciamento went forth and the new 
 order was ushered in, there were mutterings and misgivings 
 here and there. The People's ranks contained not a few 
 whose devotion to the cause amounted to affection, regarding 
 the organization as a bulwark against present aggression and 
 threatened subjugation, while the Liberals, whose ranks had 
 been steadily growing, and who had their eager gaze fixed 
 upon the citadel as a near-at-hand capture, were, in many 
 cases, loth to give up the party, just when it seemed about 
 to achieve the object in chief for which it was organized. 
 Mr. Richards, at such times, was a busy man. Much of his 
 attention was taken from his business and patriotically be- 
 stowed upon the movement which was to abolish the feudal 
 system and install the better and brighter condition leading 
 to Statehood and independence. He placed himself in com- 
 munication with the great Democratic leaders of the country, 
 raised money, and had Honorables Chauncey F. Black, 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 491 
 
 Lawrence Gardner and William L. Wilson, the President. 
 Secretary and Chairman of the Executive Committee, re- 
 spectively, of the National Association of Democratic Clubs, 
 United States Senator Charles J. Faulkner, of West Virginia, 
 and Hon. William D. Bynum, Member of Congress from 
 Indiana, visit us, and address monster political meetings in 
 the principal cities of the Territory; negotiated with those 
 who were most progressive and least stubborn, here in Utah, 
 gaining point by point and one concession after another, till 
 at last the ways were cleared and the craft was successfully 
 launched. It would take a volume to detail all the work,' or 
 even all the consummations, wrought through the clear- 
 headed and persistent efforts of Mr. Richards, much of the 
 time not only without available help, but in the face of trying 
 opposition from both sides; but, having decided that the 
 time had come, he had to vindicate himself, and he did. He 
 was chosen as Chairman of the first Democratic Territorial 
 Committee, after the division, and led the party to victory ; 
 later, submitting to his successor, an organization which, for 
 discipline, equipment and effective work, was not excelled in 
 the older commonwealths. 
 
 Mr. Richards was the first Mormon to be appointed to 
 office by the President of the United States for many years, 
 and the very first after the division on national lines here. He 
 received the endorsement of such great Democrats as Hon. 
 J. Sterling Morton, Secretary of Agriculture; United 
 States Senators Gorman and Faulkner; Congressmen Wilson 
 and Bynum; Governor Black, and many others. His per- 
 sonal acquaintance with President Cleveland, who knew of 
 his splendid work for the Democratic party in Utah and ad- 
 joining States had much to do with his appointment as Sec- 
 retary of Utah, which was not only a testimony of his own 
 worth, but a recognition of the confidence which the execu- 
 tive placed in the Mormon people, 
 
 He is still young and energetic, and may be looked for 
 
492 Ul AH AS , IT IS. 
 
 to render yet other service to the people among whom his 
 life will be spent. 
 
 C. C. GOODWIN, EDITOR. 
 
 [Portrait on page 157.] 
 
 FEW names are better known in the Western country 
 than that of Charles Carroll Goodwin. He is a native of 
 New York, his birthplace b^ing Riga, near Rochester. He 
 received a liberal education in the local institutes of learning, 
 and, at an early age, turned his face towards the setting sun, 
 settling at Marysville, California. Here he established a 
 lumber mill, but was burned out; he then taught school, and, 
 while doing this, read law under the direction of his brother, 
 one of the prominent lawyers of California. In 1860, young 
 Goodwin retraced his steps eastward, as far as Nevada, 
 where he remained for some time, and where he was ad- 
 mitted to practice in all the courts. With a partner, he built 
 a quartz mill on the Carson river, but it was swept away by 
 a tremendous flood, which drowned several people and did 
 incalculable damage. Upon the admission of the Territory 
 to Statehood, he was elected to a District Judgeship and 
 served three years; then was editor of the Inland Em- 
 pire, at Hamilton, and remained there until the discovery of 
 the Eureka mining district. Going there, he was a pioneer 
 in opening those mines. Then he spent a year in California, 
 trying to settle the titles to a placer mine, but it was too much 
 involved, and, being called to Virginia City, Nevada, he w r ent 
 to work as associate editor of the Territorial Enterprise. 
 When R. M. Daggett, the editor-in-chief, was elected to 
 Congress, he took his place, and carried on the paper until 
 1880, when he came to Utah and bought mining interests in 
 the pioneer district Lincoln. While thus engaged, he re- 
 ceived an offer (in May) to take charge of the editorial de- 
 partment of the Salt Lake Tribune, and accepted, remaining 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 493 
 
 at this post steadily, till October, 1901, when the paper 
 changed hands and the situation was no longer desirable. 
 
 Judge Goodwin's present connections, and some account 
 of his methods, appear elsewhere. 
 
 JOHN C. GRAHAM, EDITOR. 
 
 [Portrait on page 157.] 
 
 MR. GRAHAM was born in Liverpool, England, July 23, 
 1839. When about eighteen months old, his parents joined the 
 Mormon Church, and he was thereby brought up in the faith. 
 In 1860, they embarked for America, leaving the boy behind, 
 he following them in 1864, but coming straight through to 
 Utah, whereas the parents tarried two years in New York. 
 For eight years John C. was in the headquarters of the 
 European mission, as an assistant, and had charge of the 
 publishing department of the mission, which was in charge 
 of George Q. Cannon, for three years. Before leaving his 
 native land, Mr. Graham was married to Eliza Morris, of 
 Woolwich, near London. On reaching Zion, the position of 
 treasurer of the city, under Mayor Smoot, w r as awaiting him, 
 in which he remained twenty-four hours, having arranged 
 for a systematic bookkeeping plan, when a message reached 
 him from headquarters of the Church, offering him a position 
 in that office, which he accepted. Knowing that he had 
 dramatic ability, by reason of amateur experiences in England, 
 his services were secured for the Deseret Dramatic Associa- 
 tion, in which he played gratuitously for several years, be- 
 coming at the outset a prime favorite and making a great 
 reputation, which was the means of acquiring a good income 
 later on. He became engaged, with others, in the printing 
 business in 1870, issuing the footlights, an entr'acte, and 
 later the Times, in 1877 going to Provo and engaging in the 
 publication of the Enquirer, with which he has been con- 
 nected ever since. From the spring of 1873, to the fall of 
 1874, ne was- on a mission to England, being associated with 
 
494 UTAH AS 11 IS. 
 
 Albert Carrington, and later with Joseph F. Smith, in the 
 publication of the Church representative, the Millennial Star, 
 making about ten years of his life given to Church work in 
 Great Britain. He is one of the surviving members of the 
 Deseret Dramatic Association, and could have made a fortune 
 by remaining on the stage. Under his control, the Enquirer 
 and its adjuncts have grown up to large proportions, and he 
 has apparently nothing to be sorry for, in a business way. 
 He has held and holds several Church positions, and was 
 one of the founders of the Republican party in Utah County, 
 and, as chairman and otherwise, contributed largely to its 
 success, his paper being the only one in Utah supportive of 
 the McKinley ticket in 1896, and, upon the latter's accession 
 to the Presidency, Mr. Graham was remembered by being 
 made Postmaster of Provo. He is a popular and prosperous 
 citizen. 
 
 DANIEL D. HOUTZ, ATTORNEY. 
 
 [Portrait on page 207. ', 
 
 MR. HOUTZ was born in Springville, Utah, March n, 
 1859. His father was Jacob Houtz, one of the Pioneers of 
 Utah, and a man noted for enterprise and progressive 
 achievements, the works and institutions forwarded by him, 
 being in evidence wherever he has lived; the mother was 
 Bridget Daly Houtz, a native of Ireland, who was converted 
 to Mormonism and came to this country in 1854, a d was 
 married in 1856; she still lives, but the father is dead. Daniel 
 began his schooling in the district schools of Springville, and 
 rounded out with a two-year term in the B. Y. Academy, 
 Provo. He then taught school for four years, at Tooele, be- 
 ing the principal, inaugurating many needed improvements, 
 and studying law in the meantime. Was County Attorney 
 of Tooele County for two terms, and in 1888 moved to Salt 
 Lake City, where he became Assistant City and County 
 Attorney, and was admitted to the bar in 1890. The same 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 495 
 
 year he moved to Provo and has remained there ever since* 
 being City Attorney for one year. Is now a member of the 
 law firm of Warner, Houtz and Warner. 
 
 Mr. Houtz was married in 1886 to Edna Lyman, 
 daughter of F. M. Lyman, and has five children. Personally, 
 he is a pushing, self-reliant man, loyal to his family, fond of 
 his friends, and not overly resentful to those who are not 
 friends. Politically, he has, until recently, been a steadfast 
 Democrat, but in the election of 1902, cast his allegiance with 
 the Republicans, as many another did before him. 
 
 E. W. SENIOR, ATTORNEY. 
 
 MR. SENIOR was born in Doncaster, England, in .March, 
 1862. His father was an English barrister and his mother 
 an American. After his father's death he was brought to 
 Utah, by his grandfather, in n 868, the latter dying when the 
 former was fourteen years old, at which time young Senior 
 began the battle of life on his own account. He educated 
 himself generally, and, while so doing, read up on law, being 
 later admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Utah. 
 
 He has made a specialty of land and mining practice be- 
 fore the Interior Department, in which branch he stands pre- 
 eminently in the lead in this State. Incidentally, he has spent 
 both time and money in reclaiming the waste places west of 
 the Jordan river and south of Great Salt Lake, causing many 
 of them to become inviting and fruitful localities. The carry- 
 ing of car loads of our fragrant lilacs to the flowerless moun- 
 tain towns of Colorado was an idea originated by Mr. Senior 
 and carried out to the great gratification of all concerned, by 
 him, at his own expense; he was also the originator and pro- 
 motor of the beautiful ice palace, at Leadville, which, in the 
 winter of 189^5, attracted so many people from all directions 
 to that altitudinous city. He is a thoroughly progressive 
 
496 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 wide-awake citizen, who wants to see everybody else, as 
 v.ell as himself, advance along all proper beneficial lines. 
 
 DR. R. A. HASBROUCK. 
 
 THE doctor named is a "Buckeye," having been born 
 at Weymouth, Ohio, on April 8, 1858. After some prelim- 
 inary schooling, he 
 graduated in Bennett 
 College, Chicago, in 
 1882, going from 
 there to Paris, where 
 he studied and 
 passed examination 
 in B. S., becoming 
 prepared to enter the 
 faculty of medicine 
 upon his return to 
 thiscountry. In 
 1887-8, he was as- 
 sistant editor of the 
 Chicago Medical 
 Times and resident 
 physician of the Ben- 
 nett Hospital there. 
 After some time thus 
 spent, he resigned 
 both places and 
 
 turned his face towards the setting sun, bringing up and 
 settling in Salt Lake City, where he has been signally suc- 
 cessful. 
 
 Dr. Hasbrouck is also a politician and mining man. He 
 organized the Populist party in Utah and was chairman of 
 the State and County committees until the party endorsed 
 Bryan for President, when he broke away and helped to or- 
 
 DR. R. A. HASBROUCK. 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 
 
 497 
 
 ganize the Socialists. His mining investments are chiefly in 
 Bingham, Utah, and Idaho, and have resulted quite satisfac- 
 torily. 
 
 The Doctor is a direct descendant of the French refugee 
 Huguenots, the Hasbroucks being of the number who came 
 to America in 1673, and settled at New Poltz, N. Y. He 
 speaks French fluently and is a well informed man generally. 
 
 ALBERT POWERS, PHYSICIAN. 
 
 DR. POWERS, Sanitary Inspector of Ogden, was born in 
 Lawrence County, Illinois, March, 8, 1845; went with his 
 parents, to Wisconsin at an- early age, and to Iowa in 1858, 
 
 where (at Monona) he at- 
 tended the common schools. 
 In 1862, he enlisted in 
 Co. H, i7th Iowa Volun- 
 teers, and, being wounded 
 in an engagement, returned 
 home in December of that 
 year; afterwards, attended 
 and taught school, and then 
 read medicine and practiced 
 medicine, for three years, 
 at Castena, Iowa. He then 
 took a college term at Keo- 
 kuk, and, a few years later, 
 graduated in Marion Sims' 
 College of Medicine, at St. 
 Louis, Mo. He came to 
 Ogden in 1875, a d has 
 ALBERT POWERS. practiced there ever since, 
 
 having held the position of County and City Physician several 
 times; has also been a member of the Board of Pension Ex- 
 aminers, for Utah, for twelve vears, and is -a member of the 
 
498 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Utah and Weber County Medical Societies and the Amer- 
 ican Association. The doctor has served two terms in the 
 Ogden City Council with credit, and is a well respected 
 citizen. 
 
 DR. JAMES E. TALMAGE. 
 
 A MAN of great attainments, force of character and 
 natural ability, is the one whose name appears above. He is 
 a native of England, having reached this sphere at the town 
 of Hungerford, Berkshire, on September 21, 1862, being the 
 
 second child and oldest son 
 of a family of eleven, the 
 father and mother being 
 James J. and Susannah P. 
 Talmage. These being Mor- 
 mons, the son himself was 
 baptized into the Church at 
 the age of ten. He acquired 
 the foundation of an educa- 
 tion in the local schools, and, 
 having an "appetite for 
 knowledge," a studious dis- 
 position and the faculty of 
 mer^<a] assimilation largely 
 developed, his march toward 
 scholastic eminence was up- 
 ward and onward. When 
 but thirteen years old, his par- 
 ents set sail for the United 
 States, bringing the family 
 
 with them; they reached Utah in 1876 and took up their 
 residence at Provo, where James entered the Brigham Young 
 Academy and soon became associated closely with Dr. 
 Maeser, notices of whom appear in that connection. Young 
 Talmage soon graduated and at once became a teacher in 
 
 DR. JAMES E. TALMAGE. 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 499 
 
 the more advanced branches, and graduated from the col- 
 legiate department in 1881. In 1882, he entered Lehigh Uni- 
 versity, Bethlehem, Pa.; and, after an active experience, re- 
 tired and received the baccalaureate degree. Subsequently, 
 he became a student of the noted Johns Hopkins University, 
 Baltimore, Md. He had to live economically, but managed 
 to get along, and never sacrificed any point of principle re- 
 garding his religious or secular career. He met many noted 
 people, among them Henry Ward Beecher, and the good 
 impressions created were mutual. His skill as a microscopist, 
 made him a Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society of 
 London; also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 
 and, soon after, he became a Fellow of the Geographical 
 Society of London. In 1897, he was chosen a Fellow of the 
 Geological Society of America, and is, besides, a member of 
 many distinguished societies. 
 
 There is no more fluent, perspicuous speaker of English 
 in this part of the world, if, indeed, anywhere, than Dr. Tal- 
 mage, and to these natural qualifications he brings the pow- 
 erful aids of deep, broad and comprehensive learning. He 
 is an extensive traveler, one whose travels do not amount to 
 merely going somewhere, but are the means of gaining newer 
 and better information regarding the people, places and con- 
 ditions traveled among. 
 
 JOHN P. MEAKIN, "FRATERNAL MINISTER." 
 
 HERE we have a minister without a church; ergo, with- 
 out a salary. He was born July 9, 1851, at Raunds, North- 
 ampton, England, and came to Zion August 21, 1869. He 
 has an intellectual fumily of a wife and five sons, the eldest of 
 these, Fred W., having graduated from the Philadelphia 
 Dental College, the second being in the theatrical business, 
 with New York^City as headquarters. The subject hereof 
 is himself a dramatic reader of unexcelled ability. 
 
500 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Prof. Meakin is a man of aphorisms rather than of ser- 
 mons. He finds no fault with any church, but wishes they 
 would all "talk shop" less and cultivate the spirit of pure re- 
 ligion more. He belongs to eeveral fraternal societies, and 
 as a lecturer is fluent, versatile and decidedly entertaining. 
 Although at times active in the field of politics, he has never 
 sought public station, and cheerfully admits that the country 
 
 can run along without his 
 services as an officeholder, 
 and would rather, as he ex- 
 presses it, "ask one man for 
 a job than thousands." 
 Honor, he contends, "can- 
 not be tacked on, or doled 
 out; it is not obtained by 
 gift, but comes from within." 
 He is in love with life, hold- 
 ing every man to be his 
 brother and every woman 
 his sister. Altogether, Prof. 
 Meakin is a thoroughly good 
 fellow, sympathetic, toler- 
 ant and charitable, with 
 more native ability and 
 genuine character than the 
 world has yet given him 
 credit for. He will be heard from wherever he may be. 
 
 JOHN P. MEAKIN. 
 
 W. K. REID, ATTORNEY. 
 
 [Portrait on page 255.] 
 
 MR. REID, who is a leading lawyer of Sanpete County, 
 resides in Manti. He was born in Belfast, Ireland. October 
 21, 1848, and came to Utah on November' 6, 1872. Having 
 
PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE. 501 
 
 received a good education in Edinburgh and Glasgow, he pro- 
 ceeded to put it to good use by teaching school, this con- 
 tinuing till the fall of 1883; while thus engaged, he studied 
 law and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of 
 Utah on June 22, 1883. He held the office of County At- 
 torney for nine years, and Superintendent of District Schools, 
 five years; was also Probate Judge for a. term, and was a 
 member of the Twenty-first Territorial Legislature. Mr. 
 Reid was married on April 24, 1879, to Miss Jane Leatham, 
 and is the father of eleven children, ten of whom eight girls 
 and two boys are living. . He has a fine practice, extending 
 throughout the State, and is an active politician when politics 
 is *'on tap." 
 
 A. J. WEBER, ATTORNEY. 
 
 [Portrait on page 255.] 
 
 MR. WEBER is a native of Iowa, where he was born 
 some forty -three years ago. He is a university graduate, an 
 editor and a lawyer of decided ability. He formerly resided 
 in Ogden, but ot late years has made Salt Lake City his 
 home. In the first State election in 1895, he was the can- 
 didate of the Democratic party for Attorney General, but the 
 Republicans had the call on everything that time, and he 
 had to share the fate of his ticket. In 1900 the performance 
 was repeated with some variations, none of them having any 
 practical bearing, however; it is to be said in his favor that 
 he made a splendid canvass and deserved the success he 
 could not win. 
 
 Mr. Weber has become noted in legal circles through 
 his remarkable defense of Nick Haworth, slayer of a night- 
 watchman at Layton, some two years ago. No stone was 
 
502 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 left unturned up to the very last ditch. The attorney has 
 built up a fine practice here, and is a thoroughly good 
 citizen. 
 
 JOHN ]. THOMAS. 
 
 THIS active and enterprising citizen of Salt Lake City 
 is a twin brother of the Postmaster and ex-Governor Arthur 
 L. Thomas, and naturally resembles him considerably. He 
 first saw the light of day at Chicago, 111., on August 22, 1851. 
 In 1853 he was taken by his parents to Pittsburg, Pa., where 
 he attended the public schools and received the foundation 
 of an education which was afterwards considerably added to. 
 On growing up toward manhood John J. took the advice of 
 Greeley and wended his way westward, bringing up in Cal- 
 ifornia, where he remained for some lime engaging in bus- 
 iness. Later he came to Utah and finally decided to make 
 it his home. Here he has held several positions of promin- 
 ence, being a member of the City Council for two terms and 
 at present a member of the State Board of Equalization. He 
 is a large owner of and dealer in realty and is a good man to 
 have in any community. 
 
SOME NOTABLE WOMEN. 
 
 A FEW OF THE NAMES THAT ADORN THE 
 PAGES OF OUR HISTORY. 
 
 THIS department ought to be one of the longest and most 
 comprehensive in the book, instead of being the briefest. 
 The roll of Utah women who have contributed a full share 
 toward making the State what it is and promises to be, is a 
 long and altogether splendid one; some of these have pre- 
 viously herein been mentioned in an incidental yet none the 
 less impressive way, while a few have received special men- 
 tion in relation to their public stations. It is deemed proper 
 to single out a few from the many who, apart from such 
 station, have "done the State some service," and, by the labor 
 of their minds and hands, have made themselves conspicuous 
 in the commonwealth's annals, these being types representa- 
 tive of all the grand array, none the less grand because neces 
 sarily Abbreviated here. 
 
 MRS. JANE S. RICHARDS. 
 
 AMONG the notable women who have done so much by 
 their faith and works to make Utah's fame enduring in the 
 annals of time, no name is more deservedly conspicuous than 
 that which heads this article. She is a native of the Empire 
 
504 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 State, her birthplace being Pamelia, Jefferson County, the 
 date, January 31, 1823. The parents' names were Isaac and 
 Louisa C. Snyder, both New Englanders, of excellent social 
 standing and good attainments. The family were living in 
 Canada when the faith of the Latter-day Saints reached 
 them, and it was at once embraced by all, except the subject 
 of this article and her brother Jesse, The family set out for 
 Missouri, to join the persecuted people with whom they had 
 
 connected themselves, but 
 they were required to re- 
 main at La Porte, Indiana, 
 for two years, to render 
 assistance to the Elders. 
 The girl, then but seventeen, 
 was attacked by a paralytic 
 affliction, which brought her 
 to the brink of the grave. 
 She then accepted the Gos 
 pel, and underwent t h e 
 severe ordeal of being bap- 
 tized in an opening made in 
 the thick ice of Lake 
 La Porte. She was im- 
 mediately healed, and has 
 ever since been a staunch 
 Latter-day Saint. Six 
 months later, she met Elder 
 
 (afterwards Apostle) Franklin D. Richards, a missionary, 
 who was entertained at the Snyder residence, and about a 
 year later jecame his wife, the date of marriage being De- 
 cember 18, 1842. Taking up their residence at Nauvoo, 
 where, on December 2, 1844, their first child (Wealthy 
 Lovisa) was born, they participated in many of the heart- 
 breaking persecutions of their people. On June u, 1846. 
 the little family, equipped with an old wagon, drawn by oxen, 
 and so much of provisions and utensils as were necessary, set 
 
 MRS. JANE S. RICHARDS. 
 
SOME NOTABLE WOMEN. 505 
 
 their faces toward the West, and after a most rigorous jour- 
 ney camped at Sugar Creek, Iowa, where the wife again be- 
 came a mother, this time of a son, but he died at birth. The 
 sorrows of the situation were unsoothed by the husband, he 
 having two weeks previously started on a mission, to pro- 
 claim his faith to the people of England. Think of such ex- 
 periences! The mother, suffering and helpless, in a rude 
 wagon, a long way from civilization, her newly born babe 
 dead upon her breast, the husband and father a thousand 
 miles away, bearing a message of peace and salvation 10 the 
 human family! Soon after, upon her arrival at Winter Quar- 
 ters, her little daughter, Wealthy, died. 
 
 In due course of time, and after untold hardships, the 
 family reached the land of gathering Utah. Under the rude 
 and primitive conditions then and for some time after pre- 
 vailing, the progress made toward securing comfortable 
 homes was slow, but it was sure. Piece by piece the stren- 
 uous situation gave way to better things, and at last, "all was 
 well with the Saints." After a residence of several years in 
 Salt Lake City, during which the husband and father filled 
 another mission in England, the family moved to Ogden, 
 where he had been chosen to preside, by appointment 
 of President Young, and where Mrs. Richards took up 
 and carried forward her great work in the Relief Societies. 
 Though not desirous of publicity and in anything but good 
 health, she devoted much of her time to visiting the branches 
 of the Stake organization, of which she became President in 
 1877, having five years previously been called to the head of 
 the Ogden society. Her health improving, her efforts in- 
 creased in extent and effectiveness. But her labors were not 
 confined to Weber Bounty, nor even to Utah, but took on a 
 broader and more comprehensive scope. She was for many 
 years counselor to Mrs. Zina D. Young, the President of al 
 the Relief Societies, and was also Vice-President of the Na- 
 tional Relief Society. She made frequent trips east and 
 west, always making influential acquaintances, creating fa- 
 
 33 
 
506 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 vorable impressions, and doing much good tor the cause of the 
 people generally and women particularly. She became 
 intimately acquainted with such women of world-wide 
 renown as Susan B. Anthony (who was very much at- 
 tached to her), Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Belva A. Lock- 
 wood. She attended many national gatherings, where her 
 work and her personality made lasting impressions. 
 
 On December 9, 1899, the crowning sorrow of her life 
 befell her, in the death of her honored husband, whose career 
 is elsewhere briefly set out in this volume. 
 
 Mrs. Richards in the mother of three living children: 
 Hon. Franklin S. Richards, Mrs. Josephine Richards West 
 and Hon. Charles C. Richards, her third son, Lorenzo M. 
 Richards, having died at the age of twenty-six years. He 
 was a talented young man, of exceptional business ability and 
 pleasant address. He left a charming wife and daughter, 
 who are now respected citizens of Ogden. 
 
 Through the efforts of Mrs. Richards, an elegent, com- 
 modious meeting house, for the Relief Societies of Weber 
 Stake, has been erected in Ogden; here, conferences are held 
 and refreshments are provided for those who attend, all com- 
 ers being made welcome. The house was finished and paid for, 
 with its equipment, and dedicated on July 19, 1902, that day 
 being the twenty-fifth anniversary of the organization of the 
 Weber Stake Relief Society by President Brigham Young, 
 and that Society being the first Stake Relief Society organ- 
 ized in the Church. 
 
 MRS. CHESTER E. COULTER. 
 
 MRS. COULTER is best known to Utah people, perhaps, 
 through her association with club work and membership in 
 the Legislature. She has been prominently connected with 
 the principal women's clubs of Ogden, in which city she has 
 
SOME NOTABLE WOMEN. 
 
 507 
 
 resided during the past eleven years, and, more recently, was 
 elected to the presidency of the Utah State Federation of 
 Women's Clubs. Mrs. Coulter's intellectual gifts and charm 
 of personal presence brought her into prominence in the club 
 with which she is connected, the appreciation of both being 
 
 shown by her election, twice 
 over, to the presidency of 
 the Aglaia Club, the chief lit- 
 erary society of Ogden,arid, 
 later, to the highest office 
 in the State Federation. 
 Her attainments have not 
 been limited to club lines. 
 A native of Illinois, she 
 graduated, in 1878, from 
 the High School at Mt. Car- 
 roll, in that State, and after- 
 ward from the Northwest- 
 ern College, in 1880. She 
 spent three years studying 
 in the literary and law de- 
 partments of the University 
 of Michigan, and received 
 the degree of LL.B. from that institution in 1885. In the 
 same year, she was admitted to the Supreme Court of 
 Michigan and to the Supreme Court of Illinois. While pur- 
 suing her studies, she was teacher and tutor, at intervals, 
 during her high school, college and university life. After 
 her marriage, she came to Utah, where she has resided con- 
 tinuously since 1888. In 1897, she attended the summer 
 lectures at her alma mater, and pursued special lines of study 
 in the large libraries of the East. She says: "Notwithstand- 
 ing a natural tendency toward books, rather than society, I 
 am vitally interested in the progress of women and that 
 of the world in general. I am almost a fanatic on the 
 subject of home, and think woman can achieve the most sat- 
 
 MRS. CHESTER E. COUNTER. 
 
508 U1AH AS II IS. 
 
 isfactory results in this field. Perfected social conditions, 
 however, will favor woman's independence as to vocation, 
 since many women are illy calculated for motherhood and 
 home-making, and for such, as far as happiness and welfare 
 of the race go, it were better they should seek usefulness in 
 other spheres of action." 
 
 In the election of 1902 Mrs. Coulter was chosen to the 
 lower house, being the only woman in the fifth Legislature, 
 She was appointed to the most important chairmanship the 
 judiciary and in that and all other capacities made an en- 
 viable record. 
 
 Mrs. Coulter is the wife of Dr. Chester E. Coulter, one 
 of Ogden's successful physicians. She has traveled exten- 
 sively in the United States, and also in Canada, the West 
 Indies and South America, and has resided in Illinois, Mich- 
 igan, California and Utah. 
 
 MRS. EMILY S. RICHARDS. 
 
 
 
 AMONG the grand array of Utah women, whose names 
 and fame stand out conspicuously and honorably before the 
 people of the enlightened world, there is none more de- 
 servedly prominent or worthily praised than the one whose 
 name heads this chapter. Her nativity and the circumstances 
 surrounding her early career were strikingly suggestive of 
 those of many of the heroines of the Revolution, whose deeds 
 have shed unfading lustre upon American achievement, from 
 the dawn of freedom down to its fullest fruition. The people 
 were sorely pressed in fighting stubborn and slowly yielding 
 nature, as well as many of the creations of nature, when th 
 subject of this sketch appeared upon the scene, the time being 
 May 13, 1850, and the place, South Cottonwood, Salt Lake 
 County. She had the advantage of an ancestry whose lives 
 were so thoroughly imbedded in principle and consecrated 
 to the accomplishment of righteous purposes, that hardships, 
 
SOME NOTABLE WOMEN. 
 
 509 
 
 dangers, travail and toil served but to make them more stead- 
 fast and loyal, and, under such influences, their daughter 
 could not grow up otherwise than she has grown, with a 
 mind well balanced between temporal and spiritual things, 
 a heart inclining ever to the right, and a hand always ready 
 to execute the promptings of her nature. Like many another 
 family of that noble band of Pioneers, hers had known wealth, 
 
 comfort and refining in- 
 fluences which these with 
 education and good dispos- 
 itions bring; that the indur- 
 ating experiences through 
 which they passed in settling 
 Utah and laying the founda- 
 tion stones of a great com- 
 monwealth were not suffi- 
 cient to eradicate the genial 
 effects of the earlier years, 
 is shown not only in their 
 own persons, but in that of 
 the one concerning whom 
 these lines are written. In 
 December, 1868. the culmina- 
 tion of the young life 
 romance, which ever means 
 
 so much for weal or woe to the race, occurred she became 
 the wife of one of her former schoolmates, Franklin S. Rich- 
 ards, who is fully mentioned elsewhere. It proved a happy 
 and prosperous union. Soon after marriage they made their 
 home in Ogden, which proved to be also the home of a great 
 reputation for both. 
 
 Mrs. Richards' career, as a notable and capable worker 
 in the cause of woman's advancement, began soon after her 
 arrival in Ogden, when she received an appointment as 
 assistant secretary of the Female Relief Society; she then be- 
 came President of the Young Ladies' Mutual Improvement 
 
 MRS. EMII.Y S. RICHARDS. 
 
510 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Association, and Vice-President of the county organization. 
 During a long term, she made occasional visits East, in com- 
 pany with her husband, and attended many gatherings of 
 women, gaining much information of benefit to the cause in 
 which she was engaged. In 1888 she was a delegate to the 
 International Council of allied organizations, the sessions of 
 which continued for a week. A delegation from Utah, in 
 the interest of Statehood, was then in Washington, and "our 
 peculiar institutions" were receiving unusual attention there- 
 by. At this juncture. Mrs. Richards succeeded in making a 
 broad, wide mark, a portion of the details of which were thus 
 in one of the local papers: 
 
 There was an ominous pause in the mighty throng when it was an- 
 nounced from the platform by the presiding officer that the Utah delegate 
 would address them. Soon a lady appeared, moving forward among the 
 throng oti the rostrum, and taking her place beside the narrow reading desk. 
 What an apparition! It was not a feminine Boanerges, not an Amazon, but a 
 delicate, refined Jady, trembling slightly under the scrutinizing gaze of the 
 multitude, yet reserved, self possessed, dignified, and as pure and sweet as 
 an angel Her appearance was a powerful antithesis to their preconceived 
 impressions, and the change of feeling in the audience was a- most instan- 
 taneous. The lady's voice began its utterances on a scale of gently tremu- 
 lous pathos, and without rising into high pitch, its tenderness sub lued every 
 whisper until its words reached every ear in the auditory The tenor of the 
 address was what might have been expected by Utah people, an orderly, 
 scholarly presentation, su h as would serve to recite facts and principles and 
 disarm prejudice. It was not the words themselves, but the gentle 
 spirit that, like the morning dawn, went with the words, and carried winning 
 grace to every heart. It was wonderful how sympathies were engmdered 
 and asperities removed When the ladv concluded, alter half an hour's 
 reading, there was many a moist eye, and many a listener felt thankful that 
 this lovtly apparition had given them a new, more refreshing and more 
 kindly impression of Utah people and institutions. It was the mighty force 
 of the gentle sunlight that unlocks the iceberg from its moorings and sets it 
 afloat upon the broad ocean. 
 
 At the same gathering a president and vice-president 
 were appointed to organize suffrage associations in Utah, 
 Mrs. Richards being assigned to the latter but attaining to 
 the former position through the refusal of the appointee to 
 act. The work was successfully carried out. 
 
SOME N01ABLE WOMEN. 511 
 
 In 1893, Mrs. Richards was appointed President of the 
 Utah Board of Lady Managers for the Chicago World's Fair, 
 and a daily paper of that city had the following very com- 
 plimentary mention of her and her associates: 
 
 All of the Mormon delegates are fine-looking women. It is said that 
 Utah will rival Kentucky in its pretty women if you only give twenty-five 
 years in which to enjoy the advantages that have only recently been extend- 
 ed to them. 
 
 The President of the World's Fair Board of Lady Managers from Utah 
 is a handsome woman, Utahn by birth, but of New York descent. She is 
 Emily S. Richards, wife of Franklin S. Richards, a lawyer of Salt Lake City, 
 who achieved distinction in the law and has argued some very important 
 cases before the Supreme Court of the United States^ 
 
 Not even in metropolitan New York and cultured Massachusetts can the 
 superior of Mrs. Richards be found in originality of work and independence 
 of thought. 
 
 Mrs. Richards prepared the memorial and led the vic- 
 torious campaign for equal suffrage at the time of our Consti- 
 tutional Convention, the President of the Society, Mrs. Wells, 
 being absent in Washington. She was elected an alternate 
 to the Democratic National Convention at Chicago in 1896, 
 which nominated William Jennings Bryan for President. She 
 was also appointed a national organizer of suffrage associa- 
 tions, and spent several weeks in Idaho working for equal 
 suffrage in that State. 
 
 Many important positions have been held by Mrs. Rich- 
 ards, she being Trustee of the Agricultural College of Utah; 
 member of the Board of Directors of the Salt Lake City Free 
 Library; Director of the National Relief Society; Director of 
 the Orphans' Home; President of the Mothers' Congress; 
 Vice-President of the Press Club; member of the Board of 
 Directors of the Woman's Club, and President of the Utah 
 State Council of Women, which she represented at Washing- 
 ton during the recent suffrage convention. 
 
 It would be unnecessary as well as requiring a great 
 amount of space to give in detail all of Mrs. Richards' labors 
 and achievements in behalf of the cause. To her more than 
 to any other woman belongs the honor of having equal 
 
512 U1AH AS IT IS. 
 
 suffrage made an integral part of the State Constitution, and 
 she has figured otherwise in politics. Two of her sons are 
 in the front rank of our rising jurists, being members of 
 the United States Supreme and other courts. She loves her 
 family, rejoices in the friendship of her friends and has no 
 enemies. Always generous, well appearing, with a smile for 
 everyone and a countenance regular and comely, looking 
 quite a decade younger than her age, invariably busy and un- 
 failingly accomplishing things, Mrs. Richards' life story is not 
 yet told by many years. 
 
 MRS. EMMELINE B. WELLS. 
 
 OF PURITAN descent, and the best of antecedents, Mrs. 
 Wells is a type of a class worthy of great consideration, even 
 as she herself, without reference to ancestry, is altogether 
 worthy. Her maiden name was Emmeline Blanche Wood- 
 ward and she was born at Petersham, Worcester County, 
 Mass. Her family was of Norman extraction and came from 
 England as far back as 1630, and was plentifully represented 
 in the great struggle for American independence. She was 
 given the best education obtainable at the time, and so fast 
 did she advance that at the age of fifteen she was imparting 
 scholastic training to others. Undoubtedly she had experiences 
 not greatly at variance with those of other young people of 
 the New England States, but, as the sequel has shown, she 
 had a spiritual heart and when the time came for its develop- 
 ment the subject was ready, notwithstanding her youth and 
 comparative inexperience. The foundation was properly laid, 
 and after some little experience along gospel lines, accom- 
 panied no doubt by some little parental influence, she was 
 baptized into the Mormon Church on March i, 1842 
 a cold day and a trying time, but she carried it through 
 successfully and has borne out in the best possible manner 
 
SOME NOTABLE WOMEN. 513 
 
 all the duties and responsibilities resulting from the cere- 
 mony. On July 29, 1843, she was united in marriage to 
 James H. Harris, her age being less than fifteen and 
 one-half years. After participating in many of the hard- 
 ships and perils of that trying period, among which were 
 the death of her first child on October 6, 1844, anc ^ the. 
 apostasy of her husband and his family, she joined in the ex- 
 odus of her people, having in the meantime become the wife 
 of Bishop N..K. Whitney. She was among those expelled 
 by the mob from Nauvoo, and finally reached Salt Lake 
 valley in October, 1848. The experiences following were of 
 a piece with many that are recounted herein and can be 
 summed up in the one word harrowing. Two other 
 children (subsequently Mrs. S. W. Sears and Mrs. W. W. 
 Woods) were born to her and in September, 1850, her hus- 
 band died. She taught school and got along as best she 
 could, and in October, 1852, was married to Gen. D. H. 
 Wells, that Roman of modern times who has often been 
 mentioned in these pages; by this marriage she had three 
 daughters Emmeline, Elizabeth A. (now Mrs. John Q. 
 Cannon) and Martha Louise. 
 
 Mrs. Wells has all along been much inclined toward 
 poetry and literature, being a great contributor to the current 
 publications. She has been editor of the Woman's Exponent 
 since 1875, nas steadily been active in woman's relief work 
 and quite a factor in politics, being a member of the Repub- 
 lican State Committee. She is still vigorous and sprightly 
 and bids fair to live many years yet, which certainly all who 
 know her will cheerfully hope for. 
 
 MRS. ELIZABETH C. PIXTON. 
 
 A PIONEER in the front rank and a grand woman is Mrs. 
 Pixtpn. She was born at Chesterfield, England, on Febru- 
 
514 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 ary 8, 1819. She was the daughter of John and Charlotte 
 Cooper, and when six years of age her mother died. Living 
 with her father until they moved to Manchester, she was 
 taken and cared for by her Aunt Mary Rigby. At the age 
 of nineteen she was married to Robert Pixton. She re- 
 mained in England for two years :md had two children, Char- 
 lotte and George, the latter dying the day of his birth. In 
 December, 1843, she came to America [and joined her hus- 
 band on Island 21, in Arkan- 
 sas. Here they remained 
 -until the following spring, 
 when they moved to Nau- 
 voo with Thomas Silcock 
 and wife. 
 
 Mrs. Pixton was in 
 Nauvoo at the time of the 
 martyrdom of Joseph and 
 Hyrum Smith and heard the 
 Prophet announce that he 
 was ''going like a lamb to 
 the slaughter." Living in 
 Nauvoo until the exodus, 
 the family then traveled to- 
 wards "the promised land" 
 until Mr. Pixton was called 
 to go to Mexico with the 
 Mormon Battalion. Mrs. Pixton yoked and unyoked her own 
 ox-team all the way to Salt Lake valley, traveling as one of five 
 wagons in President Young's company, with only her five- 
 year-old girl as wagon companion. The company arrived in 
 Salt Lake valley, September 7, 1848. 
 
 Subsequently the responsibility of their large family 
 rested upon her shoulders nearly all the time, her husband 
 being for many years engaged in the missionary field. Mrs. 
 Pixton and four of her children now live at Taylorsville. She 
 
 MRS. ELIZABETH C. 
 
SOME NOTABLE WOMEN. 
 
 515 
 
 has almost one hundred descendants, one among the number 
 being a great-great-grandson. 
 
 MRS. E. L. H. PEERY. 
 
 ONE of the best and most favorably known women of 
 Ogden particularly and Utah generally, is Elizabeth Letitia 
 
 Higginbotham Peery, wife 
 of the late David H. Peery, 
 a sketch and portrait of 
 whom appears elsewhere. 
 Mrs. Peery is one of the few 
 who had the honor of enter- 
 ing this life at the headquar- 
 ters of the Mormon Church, 
 historic Nauvoo, the time 
 being a most tempestuous 
 one January 13, 1846. 
 When two years old she 
 was taken to Virginia and 
 lived there until eighteen 
 years of age, when she 
 came to Utah with her 
 mother and brothers, this 
 being in 1864. Her marriage 
 took place at Hollidayburg, Salt Lake County, on April 10, 
 1865. She is the mother of seven sons and three daughters, 
 two of the latter having died in infancy. Ogden has been 
 her home for many years. 
 
 MRS. E. I,, H. PEERY. 
 
 DR. NELL C. BROWN. 
 
 THIS popular lady practitioner, whose specialty is hair 
 treatment, is a native of Salt Lake City, where she was 
 born May 10, 1872. She is the daughter of General H. B. 
 Clawson and Mrs. Emily Y. Clawson, and is a grand- 
 
516 
 
 UTAH AS 11 IS. 
 
 daughter, on her mother's side, of the great Pioneer leader, 
 President Brigham Young. As a child she attended the 
 local public, schools, and at the age of fifteen entered Kiel's 
 Business College, San Francisco, returning later to Salt Lake 
 City. At nineteen she was married to the late Leigh R. Brown, 
 to whom she bore a son and two daughters the eldest twins, 
 boy and girl. Her husband died December 5, 1899. Mrs. 
 Brown then went to San Francisco, and studied under Dr. 
 
 DR. NELL C. BROWN. 
 
 E. E. McLean, the leading hair physician of the West. In- 
 genious, tactful and quick to learn, she made rapid progress 
 in her chosen profession, and by her personal magnetism and 
 winning ways gained many friends. After graduating she 
 came back home and opened offices in the Templeton, where 
 her patrons became so numerous that she was compelled to 
 seek more commodious quarters. Her present establishment 
 23 West Third South Street is the largest of its kind be- 
 tween New York and San Francisco. 
 
 It is a pleasant task to make mention in these pages, 
 
SOME NOTABLE WOMEN. 
 
 517 
 
 among Utah's self-made men. a few of her self-made women, 
 a splendid array, conspicuous among whom is Dr. Brown. 
 The phenomenal success attending her industry and persever- 
 ance is the best tribute that can be offered to the practical 
 side of this wide-awake, intelligent little woman, whose good- 
 ness of heart, vivacious disposition, womanly qualities and 
 attractive ways have lost nothing by reason of her busy 
 labors in the arena of life's realities. 
 
 MRS. W. H. JONES. 
 
 THIS well-known resident of Salt Lake City was born in 
 Ontario, Canada, on October 17, 1853. Notwithstanding 
 
 her birthplace, she is en- 
 titled to rank as a native 
 American, her parents being 
 such at the time of her birth. 
 She was educated in the 
 public schools of Canada 
 and in a convent at Ogdens- 
 burg, N. Y. She was 
 united to her present hus- 
 band a prominent and pros- 
 perous mining and stock- 
 man of Salt Lake City 
 on April 5. 1871, in New 
 York, and soon after they 
 came to Utah and have lived 
 here ever since. Mrs. Jones 
 has been quite active in 
 political affairs and some- 
 what noted in social and re- 
 ligious circles. She was 
 
 Treasurer of the State League of Republican Clubs; President 
 of the Women's Relief Corps for six years, (which position 
 she still holds;) President of the Women's Republican Club 
 for three years, and was an alternate to the Republican Na- 
 
 MRS. W. H. JONES. 
 
518 
 
 U1AH AS U IS. 
 
 tional Convention of 1900, which nominated McKinley and 
 Roosevelt, being the only lady from Utah to hold such a 
 position; she is also President of the Methodist Church 
 Society. 
 
 Mrs. Jones is tall, well appearing and highly accom- 
 plished. She is an effective worker in all the lines named and 
 is quite popular without regard to religious or political differ- 
 ences, her list of friends and acquaintances being very exten- 
 sive and embracing all shades of opinion. 
 
 MRS. ELIZABETH A. HAYWARD. 
 
 AMONG the prominent women who have become so not 
 only through their womanly qualities and their motherhood 
 
 in this glorious State, but also 
 because of their active par- 
 ticipation and achievements 
 in public affairs, few are bet- 
 ter known or entitled to more 
 general recognition than the 
 one above named. She was 
 born in Salt Lake City, De- 
 cember 23, 1854, being the 
 daughter of Philip and Mar- 
 tha Pugsley, who rank 
 among the Pioneers, having 
 come to Utah in September, 
 1853. and were among our 
 best known and most re- 
 spected citizens. The sub- 
 ject of this sketch achieved 
 her present name by mar- 
 MRS. ELIZABETH A. HAYWARD. riage, on December 23, 1875, 
 
 to Henry J. Hayward, the head of the Salt Lake Building 
 and Manufacturing Company. 
 
 Mrs. Hayward has contributed nine children to the pop- 
 ulation of the State and has performed a wide measure of 
 
SOME NOTABLE WOMEN. 
 
 519 
 
 womanly duties otherwise. She has taken an active interest 
 in politics, having been a member of the Woman's Demo- 
 cratic Club since its organization, immediately after State- 
 hood. She was assistant Secretary for one year, Secretary 
 for two years, then President for the years 1902 and 1903. 
 She was also President of the Parents' Club of the Washing- 
 ton school district, for the years 1901 to 1903, and is a mem- 
 ber of the Library Board of Salt Lake City. She has an 
 extensive acquaintance throughout the State and is greatly 
 respected wherever known. She will undoubtedly be heard 
 from as the times advance. 
 
 MRS. E. J. D. ROUNDY. 
 
 THIS well-known lady whose full name is Elizabeth 
 Jefford Drake Roundy, is a native of England, her birthplace 
 
 being Axminst^r, Devon- 
 shire, the time, March 16, 
 1830. Her father and 
 mother were George M. 
 and Hannah Jefford Drake, 
 the former being a descend- 
 ant of Sir William and Sir 
 Francis Drake. The child 
 was orphaned at the age of 
 ten by the death of her 
 father and her mother being 
 an invalid her path was 
 not strewn with roses. She 
 was raised in the Episcopal 
 church, but soon discovered 
 that its practices did not 
 comport with her reading of 
 Scripture, and this led to m- 
 MRS. E. j. D. ROUNDY. vestigation. Going to Lon- 
 
 don, she attended, in 1851, a 
 meeting of Latter-day Saints and then heard Elder Jacob 
 
520 U1AH AS II IS. 
 
 Gates pronounce the words she had previously received 
 through spiritual communication. She at once applied for 
 baptism and it was performed December 31, 1851. She was 
 at once and right along subjected to considerable ostracism, 
 even her mother joining in. She was married on July 13,. 
 1852, to Elder Henry R. Ballam, who treated her brutally 
 and was afterwards expelled from the Church, but was re- 
 admitted and a truce patched up, the terms of which were 
 poorly kept. Finally, in May, 1857, she set sail for America 
 and landed in Philadelphia July 3, 1857. She soon after gave 
 birth to her fourth child, a girl, two boys, the second and 
 third, having died. 
 
 Mrs. Roundy came to Utah in 1859, having previously 
 been married to Daniel Davis, a resident of Washington, D. C., 
 to which place she removed in 1860 and lived there during 
 the war, in which her husband engaged. She obtained an 
 appointment in the Treasury Department, in March, 1864, 
 receiving $75 a month. On the presentation of the noted 
 Cullom anti-Mormon bill in Congress she resigned her posi- 
 tion and went to work for her people. She prepared a mem- 
 orial which was signed by 56 ladies of her acquaintance and 
 was presented in the House by Gen. B. F. Butler. She had 
 a harder time getting a hearing in the Senate, however; and 
 after a great deal of persistence she succeeded in confronting 
 the great Charles Sumner, who accorded her thirty seconds 
 time, which he greatly extended and ended by promising her 
 (after a very interesting interview) that the bill should never 
 leave the committee room, which it never did. He even un 
 bent his great dignity so far as to walk with her to the door 
 and told her to call on him for any assistance he could render. 
 
 Mrs. Roundy (or Davis) was a witness to a great deal 
 of suffering entailed by the war and did a noble work in 
 helping to alleviate. Returning to Utah she resumed her 
 field of activity in behalf of the right and has been most in- 
 dustriously engaged ever since. A complete record of her 
 achievements, in the religious, social and political field wpuld 
 
SOME NOTABLE WOMEN. 
 
 521 
 
 be out of the question. Having secured a divorce from her 
 husband on the ground of drunkenness contracted while in the 
 army, she was married in 1897 to Bishop Jared C. Roundy, 
 who died in Arizona in 1897. She attended upon the poetess 
 Eliza R. Snow during her closing days and was very near 
 and dear to her, undergoing many privations to carry out the 
 departing woman's wishes. She is an adept in oil painting, 
 which she first took up when 62 years old. At the present 
 time she is President of the Women's Democratic Club, but 
 her friendships extend into all parties, creeds and conditions. 
 
 MRS. E. M. COHEN. 
 
 WELL known and highly respected in the social and 
 political circles of this community is Mrs. Elizabeth M. 
 
 Cohen, wife of Joseph. M. 
 Cohen, to whom she was 
 married in New York in 
 1878. She was also born 
 in that city in 1860, and 
 graduated with honor at the 
 schools there. Coming to 
 Utah in 1880, they lived in 
 Park City till 1891, when 
 they moved to Salt Lake 
 City and have resided there 
 ever since. 
 
 Mrs. Cohen has always 
 taken a great interest in 
 political events, but did not 
 engage in practical work 
 until the admission of Utah 
 into ^the Union. She then 
 MRS. E. M. COHEN. allied herself with the Wom- 
 
 en's Democratic Club, in 
 which she held various positions, including the presidency, 
 
 34 
 
522 UTAH AS IT IS.' 
 
 and under her administration of the latter office the club be- 
 came a potent factor in local politics. Besides these, she has 
 been chairman of the Fortieth District Democratic Committee, 
 historian of the State Council of Women, President of the 
 Parliamentary Club and member of the Library Board. In 
 1900 she was the candidate of her party for the Legislature, 
 but it was a sweeping Republican year and she went the way 
 of the ticket. She has four children, the eldest being married 
 to a grandson of the late Apostle Orson Pratt. 
 
 Undoubtedly the most conspicuous feature of Mrs. 
 Cohen's political career was her election as an alternate to the 
 Democratic National Convention held at Kansas City that 
 year, becoming a full-fledged delegate through the magnan- 
 imous action of Robert C. Chambers. Being the first woman 
 who was ever thus honored in that party, she was naturally 
 the cynosure of all eyes from first to last. That she passed 
 the ordeal successfully, her self-possession and womanly 
 dignity never deserting her for a moment, is something of a 
 tribute to the women of Utah as well as herself. Nor was 
 her participation in the proceedings perfunctory by any 
 means; she was there for something else than merely looking 
 on and voting. When the proper time arrived Congressman 
 Richardson taking the floor said: 
 
 "Gentlemen of the convention: You see before you the 
 delegate from Utah. True to her sex, she was too modest 
 to present herself when her State was called. I now take 
 great pleasure in introducing to you Mrs. Cohen, the lady 
 delegate from Utah." 
 
 Mrs. Cohen responded as follows: 
 
 '<Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the convention: On 
 behalf of the State of Utah, I take great pleasure in second- 
 ing the nomination of that grand and noble exemplar of all 
 that is pure and holy in political and domestic life, Hon. 
 William J. Bryan, and the Democrats of Utah pledge 25,000 
 majority for Mr. Bryan." 
 
 This was received with tumultuous applause. It should 
 
SOME NOTABLE WOMEN. 523 
 
 be here noted that Mrs. Cohen was appointed honorary sec- 
 retary of the convention. 
 
 Mrs. Cohen has an attractive personality and demean- 
 or. She is an excellent exemplification of what was pre- 
 viously contended and is now generally recognized, that 
 women can engage in politics without sacrificing one jot of 
 their native modesty and dignity or neglecting their domestic 
 affairs in the smallest measure. 
 
 MRS. V. A. STICKNEY. 
 
 [Portrait on page 358.] 
 
 MRS. VENETIA ANNA STICKNEY, the organizer and 
 superintendent of the Children's Aid and Home-Finding 
 Association of Utah, was born April 20, 1848, in Phillips, 
 Maine. She was the daughter of Andrew J. and Lavina 
 Parker, of Scotch and English blood. Her mother died 
 when she was eight years old and she was largely dependent 
 upon her own efforts for an education. In childhood ^he re- 
 solved to become a school teacher; many obstacles seemed 
 to hinder her progress, yet she courageously grappled with 
 her studies. While others wasted their time she studied, and 
 when 16 years old she taught her first district school in her 
 native township. 
 
 She married John H. Stickney, moved to Minnesota and 
 became mother of four children. Her husband died in 
 Minneapolis in 1875, leaving her with three children aged 
 two, six and eight years. Again she entered the schoolroom 
 for a living and continued to teach for eleven years; seven 
 years of this time she taught in the public schools of Minne- 
 apolis, Minnesota. Her beautiful children, which were her 
 life aqd hope, were taken away one by one until tfye last one. 
 
524 UTAH AS IT IS. > 
 
 then a noble man 22 years old, was instantly killed in a rail- 
 road accident, and she was all alone. In her great, crushing 
 sorrow, while the heart ached and bled for home and the loved 
 ones, her affections went out to others. Even while she was 
 weak from her own suffering, she stretched forth her hands 
 to the needy in her locality, giving her time and personal 
 efforts to the sick and sorrowing ones within her reach. She 
 was a constant worker in mission work and Sunday schools 
 for years while teaching in day school. All forms of rescue 
 work in Minneapolis have been aided by her work and humble 
 means. 
 
 In 1892 she attended the Bible Institute in Chicago, 111., 
 and did Sunday school mission work at the same time. In 
 1893 she was called to St. Louis to take charge of Bethesda 
 Maternity Hospital, and while there her health became so im- 
 paired she retired from public work for saveral years. She 
 afterwards went to California for her health and there entered 
 "home-finding" work with the American Home-Finding As- 
 sociation of the Pacific Coast. She was in this position when 
 the Scofield disaster occurred. Through correspondents in 
 Salt Lake City and Scofield, she was urged to come to Utah 
 to arrange a home-finding work here. She responded to 
 this call and reached Salt Lake in May, 1900. With the aid 
 of the Christian workers the Society was organized May 29th, 
 1900, as the American Home-Finding Association of Utah, a 
 branch of the California work. Tw.o years later the work 
 became independent of the mother society and afterwards in- 
 corporated as the Children's Aid and Home-Finding Associa- 
 tion of Utah. The aim and object of this work is to preserve, 
 on a patriotic basis, the home life, by placing each homeless 
 one with a select family, where love and adoption makes the 
 lone one a member of the family receiving it. Through Mrs. 
 Stickney's efforts a bill for protecting dependent children 
 was framed, the same passing both houses of the Utah Legis- 
 lature in 1903 without a negative vote. 
 
 The hearts of the people of Utah are ever open to a, 
 
SOME NOTABLE WOMEN. 
 
 525 
 
 homeless child and this grand work is meeting with the 
 approval it deserves. 
 
 MRS. J. FEWSON SMITH. 
 
 THIS well-known member of Salt Lake society was 
 born in Liverpool, England, in March, 1832. She descended 
 from an ancient Norman-French line on her father's side. 
 She was liberally educated in England and Germany and re- 
 ceived Mormonism in April, 
 1851; was married and 
 came to Utah in May, 1862, 
 arriving here the fall of the 
 same year. At the sugges- 
 tion of President Young, 
 she engaged in teaching the 
 following year. When the 
 cause of woman suffrage 
 was introduced here she im- 
 mediately identified herself 
 therewith, having learned 
 the doctrine of "equal 
 rights" and the art of cam- 
 paigning and vote-getting 
 in her childhood's home. 
 She cannot recall the time 
 when, at elections-, she did 
 not Wear the badge of her 
 father's party; she therefore 
 
 became an earnest and zealous worker. When Statehood 
 came to Utah she, as ;i whole-souled Democrat, united her- 
 self with that party and was promptly made a member of the 
 executive committee of her precinct as well as chairman of 
 her district, which position she held until failing health de- 
 manded her release. She was the first vice-chairman of the 
 first State convention held after Statehood, and served in the 
 
 MRS. J. FEWSON SMITH. 
 
526 U1AH AS II IS. 
 
 same capacity still later, once in the judiciary convention. 
 
 Though much pressed to run for office Mrs. Smith ever 
 stoutly declined, on the ground that she religiously believed 
 in the divine right of man to lead and direct, with woman 
 a close second, to pick up the reins when from neglect or any 
 other cause he should allow them to drop. But she was 
 ever an active member of the important "third house" of the 
 Legislature, where she managed to do some good work; for 
 instance, she was instrumental in getting, with the aid of Rep- 
 resentative Mrs. Coulter and Senator McKay, a resolution en- 
 dorsing woman suffrage, the first attempt of the kind made 
 in the State. The social club work does not appeal strongly 
 to her; in her judgment, it is carried to excess; but is heartily 
 in accord with the mother's work, being a member of the 
 Mother's Federation and President of the Longfellow branch. 
 
 When the "Utah State Council of Women" was organ- 
 ized, she was elected recording and corresponding secretary, 
 from which position she has recently retired. Her most 
 cherished work is that of the Children's Aid and Home Find- 
 ing Association of Utah, of which she is a member of the 
 board of directors, a work well worthy the earnest attention 
 of all interested in the rescue of fallen humanity. She was 
 the first-born child of Elder Joseph V. Vernon, one of the five 
 members of Utah's ill-fated Pioneer Manufacturing Company, 
 who came from Liverpool in 1852, bringing valuable machin- 
 ery for the manufacture of sugar. In company with Taylor, 
 Collins, Coward and Brown, he sought to establish that use- 
 ful industry here even at that early date, bringing with them 
 their own money for investment; but not finding things pro- 
 pitious they became discouraged and finally 'gave it all up. 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 TYPES OF THE GRAND ARRAY THAT HAS 
 MADE UTAH WHAT IT IS. 
 
 WOULD that it were possible to measure the length, 
 breadth and consequence of the wondrous work 
 wrought by those who are presented herein and their fellows 
 in founding and building! Such a consummation in such 
 shape and within such compass as would enable one to com- 
 prehend it in its fullness, would be a marvel of our time or of 
 any time. The reader who has followed patiently the 
 chapters of this book from the beginning to this point, will 
 need but the succeeding portion to give him as thorough an 
 understanding regarding the subject as it is possible to im- 
 part; and having achieved so much, even though the achieve- 
 ment as a whole be far from full-orbed, is something to be 
 thankful for. 
 
 The work of building up so nobly begun and persist- 
 ently carried on by the first settlers and those who came 
 later, spoken of extensively in previous chapters, was by no 
 means fully treated therein nor has it ever been done or, as 
 stated, is it possible to do it; but while no one can succeed 
 entirely, each one who essays the task can do the most of 
 which he is capable and add something, perhaps considerable, 
 to what already exists as a record. This undoubtedly has 
 been done in most if not all instances. The builders are a 
 
528 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 much more extensive and comprehensive class than that of 
 the Pioneers, embracing as it does not only the beginners but 
 all who have come subsequently and made Utah their home, 
 these containing a representation of pretty much "all nations, 
 kindreds, tongues and people" men and women of all shades 
 of opinion and every phase of belief. Without drawing 
 such lines of distinction, and looking only to what each has 
 done to upbuild Utah, this department is compiled and 
 presented. 
 
 WILLIAM S. GODBE. 
 
 CONSPICUOUS among the men through whose sagacity, 
 perseverance and, at times, courage, the 45th State has been 
 pushed to a lofty place among the great industrial and pro- 
 ductive centres of the world, is the gentleman (now deceased) 
 whose portrait appears herewith. He was a native of Eng- 
 land but came to the United States at the early age of ten 
 years, and subsequently having become a convert to the 
 Mormon faith he settled in Salt Lake City, where he soon 
 became engaged in commercial enterprises. He established 
 the first drug store that was ever seen between the Missouri 
 and Sacramento rivers, and it is still in existence, though it 
 has been in other hands for some 25 years, Mr. Godbe hav- 
 ing withdrawn about that long ago. At that time he turned 
 his whole attention to mining and milling, with which he had 
 previously been connected to some considerable extent, and 
 he became one of the best known and most active workers 
 in those industries. 
 
 While Mr. Godbe led a life of unsurpassed activity, it 
 has not at all times been free from drawbacks ot a more or 
 less serious character. While Utah was in the measurably 
 quiescent condition which preceded the advent of the Union 
 Pacific railroad there was but little occasion or opportunity 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 529 
 
 for friction, and, so far as relates to him, none at all. But 
 the laying of the first iron rail upon our soil marked the be- 
 ginning of a new era in which he was destined to play an 
 important part. New conditions and strange circumstances 
 
 were ushered in. 
 The mining in- 
 dustry was begin- 
 ning to assume 
 important propor- 
 tions and the na- 
 tional h i gh w ay 
 gave it an irresist- 
 ble f or war d 
 movement. Mr. 
 Godbe recogniz- 
 ing with unerring 
 intuition that the 
 first few drops of 
 water from the 
 great volume had 
 crept across the 
 dyke and that at 
 once the flood 
 would f o 1 1 o w ? 
 sweeping every- 
 thing before it, 
 prepared to adjust 
 himself and his 
 affairs, to the coming commercial tide. In the Utah Maga- 
 zine, of which he was the chief owner and one of the editors, 
 the unrestricted and systematic opening and working of the 
 mineral resources even then known to be very great, was ad- 
 vocated with fearless and able persistence. That such a 
 policy should meet with opposition seems, in the light of ex- 
 isting conditions, to be almost inexplicable, but so it was, 
 many of his frhends and associates holding to the belief that 
 
 S. GODBE. 
 
530 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 his action was premature. He maintained his course, how- 
 ever, and while he never resumed his former affiliations, he 
 retained to the end the good will and respect of those from 
 whose religious brotherhood circumstances had compelled 
 him to withdraw. After some time, and many years before 
 his death, mining ceased to be a proscribed occupation and 
 was engaged in by all classes. 
 
 Extensive as were Mr. Godbe's operations in Utah, his 
 labors were not confined to this commonwealth b}- any 
 means. In Nevada he carried on mining and milling to an 
 extent that has placed him in the front rank of the many en- 
 terprising men of that class. He but recently effected a sale 
 of his interests there for a very large figure, and was plan- 
 ning other large transactions when sickness overtook him 
 and held him in its grasp until August i, 1902, when he 
 quietly passed to the other shore, leaving a multitude of 
 friends and not one enemy. 
 
 Mr. Godbe was a profound thinker, a thorough inves- 
 tigator and had a mind well stored with the learning of his 
 own and other days. He was a hne speaker and a writer 
 equaled by but few, being also a poet of recognized ability 
 and extensive reputation. His word was his bond, his bus- 
 iness contracts were sacred obligations, and he sought to live 
 on terms of peace and good will with all mankind. 
 
 MOSES THATCHER. 
 
 IN THE long and gratifying list of names which have be- 
 come conspicuous at home and abroad by reason of superior 
 faculties properly trained and directed, Utah takes especial 
 rank. No commonwealth had a beginning more inauspicious; 
 as is shown in the proper places in this book, the necessity 
 for producing material things was the first consideration, scho- 
 lastic culture following as rapidly as hard circumstances 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 531 
 
 would permit But it did follow, in fact it was never lost 
 sight of, those who were at the head realizing that education 
 must accompany all other forms of development and adding 
 
 as rapidly to what was first 
 established in the way of 
 schools as possible. No 
 matter as to the begin- 
 nings, let us look at 
 results. There is no finer 
 school system in any State 
 than that of Utah, nor a 
 larger proportionate school 
 attendance, and this has 
 been the case for years; 
 the growth was for a long 
 time measurably slow, but it 
 has been steady and acquired 
 increased momentum as it 
 went along, and it eventua- 
 ted the University of Des- 
 eret (now Utah,) where the 
 gentleman whose portrait appears above received his graduat- 
 ing course, his preliminary studies having been previously 
 attended to with care. 
 
 Mr. Thatcher has attained eminence not only as an ex- 
 ponent of his faith and a diplomatic agent for his Church, but 
 in the field of politics he has been a bright and shining light. 
 As in everything else, he has not rested upon a mere super- 
 ficial knowledge of political systems, but has made a thorough 
 study of the philosophy and practical workings of our and 
 other national structures, such as, with his great rhetorical gifts^ 
 have made him altogether fit to occupy the lofty station for 
 which he has twice been named and to which he was once 
 within two votes of being chosen, the U. S. Senatorship. 
 This was in the famous struggle in the Utah Legislature of 
 1897; fifty-four ballots were taken and Mr. Thatcher's vote 
 
 MOSES THATCHER. 
 
532 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 steadily increased to the last, when it was 30, at which point 
 the opposition effected a coalition and with the aid of one 
 Republican vote he was defeated. This contest is elsewhere 
 set out at length. The result was more of a blow to his 
 supporters and friends than it was to himself, but of course, 
 having been the choice of the majority of his party and not 
 having forced himself into a candidacy, he had the right to 
 regard the unexpected if not unjust outcome with feelings the 
 reverse of pleasurable. 
 
 Mr. Thatcher has held several public stations, among 
 them being for several terms a member of the Territorial 
 Legislature, where he showed such a natural aptitude for 
 law-making that he was a recognized leader. As a public 
 speaker he has but few equals, and on all occasions he can 
 command a following that any man might be proud of. He 
 has reached the point of life at which his faculties are 
 matured without being impaired, and the legion of friends by 
 whom he is surrounded confidently look forward to the time 
 when the State will avail itself of his talents and capabilities 
 in a loftier political station than any he has yet filled. 
 
 NATHAN TANNER. 
 
 SOME men's lives are a history of the cause they repre- 
 sent, and by publication become a landmark indicative of the 
 passing of the race and characteristics of the age in which 
 they occur. One of these is father Nathan Tanner, frontiers- 
 man, pathfinder, Pioneer, colonizer and builder, but above and 
 beyond all, a true humanitarian and a devout Christian. He 
 is a son of John and Lydia Stuart Tanner, and was born in 
 Greenwich, Washington County, New York, on May 14, 1815, 
 just after the battle of Waterloo. His early life was spent 
 amid domestic circumstances on his father's farm, and when 
 only sixteen years of age, he was baptized into the Mormon 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 533 
 
 Church, whereby he is now the oldest living member so far 
 as known. He obtained as much schooling as could be had 
 in those primitive times, and in 1833, went to Kirtland, Ohio, 
 
 and became associated with 
 the Prophet Joseph, with 
 whom, in the following year, 
 he made ihe trip from Zion's 
 Camp to Missouri, and be- 
 came thoroughly acquainted 
 with him. During that time 
 of awful travail for the peo- 
 ple, Elder Tanner was a 
 good Samaritan in practice 
 and precept, his works and 
 teachings being of great 
 value to them. (At this 
 latter place he w;is acting in 
 the commissary department.) 
 In 1836, being then 
 twenty years old, he went 
 on a mission to the Eastern 
 States, which he satisfac- 
 torily filled, and while so 
 
 laboring at Bolton, New York, became the husband of 
 Rachel Winter Smith, and in the fall of that year returned to 
 Kirtland with numerous converts. During the mobbings and 
 maraudings in Missouri and Illinois, Elder Tanner was nearly 
 always in evidence. His love for the people and their lead- 
 ers was ever superior to selfish considerations, and no peril 
 was too great, no sacrifice too trying, to make him shrink 
 from standing in the breech, whenever, by so doing, others 
 could be protected. His life, his property and his sacred 
 honor were all and almost always on the altar. He gathered 
 up the homeless, sheltered the refugees, was a father to the 
 fatherless atod a helper to all in need. The mobs at various 
 times sought to "bluff" him, but being a man of unflinching 
 
 NATHAN TANNER. 
 
534 U1AH AS II IS. 
 
 courage and of unusual physical strength, their efforts in that 
 direction never succeeded; he was always ready for them, and, 
 finding him out. they soon let him alone. His prowess was 
 not long questioned or opposed by fair means. 
 
 The military came to Far West during the time spoken 
 of and without process took Joseph and Hyrum Smith and 
 Sidney Kigdon away "for counsel," as was said, but in reality 
 for other purposes, as was partly shown by the words of the 
 commanding officer. General <^lark, in ordering the people to 
 leave "Your leaders have gone into the hands of the 
 authorities, and you will never again see them alive. Their 
 doom is sealed, the die is cast." Mr. Tanner's father had 
 been cut across the skull by Captain Odell and disabled for 
 some time, and the only way for the Saints to avoid annihila- 
 tion was to turn over their property and leave the State 
 within the brief time granted. The deeds were all prepared 
 ready for signature and acknowledgment. Mr. Tanner, 
 with a file of gleaming bayonets confronting him, was asked 
 by the notary public: "Do you solemnly swear that you do 
 this act freely and voluntarily?" The victim replied: "Do 
 you see these bayonets here ready to be stuck in me? 
 Does it look as if it was freely and voluntarily?" At this 
 he received a blow in the side from the butt of a musket and 
 knew nothing until several hours later when he found him- 
 self among his people some distance away, who had supposed 
 him dead. "Vengeance is mine," saith the Lord; yet how 
 sinfully pleasurable it would be to know that Mr. Tanner 
 had met his persecutors one by one in some out-of-the-way 
 place! 
 
 Finally, Elder Tanner bid good-bye to the land of the 
 white enemy and set his face resolutely to the territory owned 
 and occupied by the hostile red men. He reached Utah in 
 the fall of 1848, and settled on the Lyman survey, ten miles 
 south of Salt Lake City. He was the first man to bring 
 water from the Big and Little Cottonwood streams for culin- 
 ary and irrigation purposes, a,nc| in all matters relating to the 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 535 
 
 advancement and growth of the community, morally and 
 materially he then and thereafter lent a steadfast, willing and 
 efficient hand. He bore the brunt of many encounters with 
 the red men, and single-handed taught them lessons which 
 did them and the people good. 
 
 He was always on hand for any kind of work looking 
 to the safeguarding, sustenance and advancement of *the 
 people, and the marks of his early enterprise and unflagging 
 labor are yet visible in many public places of the common- 
 wealth. He has been on several missions for the Church, all 
 of which he has filled with fidelity and ability; has served 
 with credit in all the campaigns and as a faithful, conscien- 
 tious, achieving citizen, has no superiors. He has reared a 
 large and honorable family, many of whom are named else- 
 where in this book. It would be really gratifying to be 
 able to tell in detail some of the experiences of this typical 
 frontiersman and State builder, but these generalizations will 
 have to suffice, and the reader will understand why. Suffice 
 it to say that, at the advanced age of eighty-eight years, 
 Elder Tanner is as hale and hearty as most men a score of 
 years younger, his intellect is unimpaired, his faith in the 
 great work in which he was ushered into manhood is as 
 staunch as when he embraced it, and he bids fair to fill the 
 wishes of his many triends for a much greater extension of 
 life upon the earth. 
 
 DAVID ECCLES. 
 
 IN ALL the business circles of Utah, constituting a mighty 
 commercial array, there is no name more widely or favorably 
 known than that of the gentleman named above. He is a 
 type of many in our midst who illustrate what it is possible to 
 accomplish with energy, capacity and determination, even 
 
536 
 
 VI AH AS IT IS. 
 
 when unaided by capital and without collegiate training. He 
 was born in the "land o' cakes," the exact designation being 
 Paisley, Wrenfordshire, Scotland, on May 12, 1849. When 
 but 14 years of age his parents emigrated to this country 
 and settled where he has principally remained, in Ogden. 
 The crude schools of those days were not equal to the task 
 of turning out graduates, but he got the limit of their capa- 
 bilities. The blindness of his 
 father made it necessary for 
 him to assume the burden 
 of the family's support, and 
 in 1867 he removed them to 
 Oregon City, Oregon, where 
 he had large wood contracts. 
 Two years later he returned 
 to Ogden and has lived 
 there ever since. Taking 
 to the lumber business, in 
 1873 he became associated 
 with H. E. Gibson and 
 W. T. Van Noy, which 
 partnership continued till 
 1876, when it became Gib- 
 son & Eccles, this contin- 
 uing till 1880, when Mr. 
 Eccles went into business 
 for himself, continuing thus 
 
 for several years. In 1890 he formed the Eccles Lumber 
 Co., one of the largest in the State, of which he has all along 
 been president; he holds the same position regarding the 
 Oregon Lumber Co., and as manager devotes much time to 
 its mills in Oregon. In 1892 he became a stockholder and 
 director in the Commercial National Bank of Ogden; later he 
 became associated with the First National and Ogden Savings 
 banks, becoming president of both. He was a promoter and 
 is a large owner in the Sumpter Valley railroad in a great 
 
 DAVID ECCLES. 
 
ECCLES BUILDING, OGDEN. 
 
 (The accompanying cut shows one of the big structures owned by Mr. 
 Eccles, it being what was formerly known as the Utah Loan & Trust Com- 
 pany Building, now the Eccles Building. It is one of the largest and best 
 appointed business structures of Ogden, and would be a fine one in any 
 place.) 
 
 3F> 
 
538 UTAH AS II IS. 
 
 timber region of Oregon, and has always been and still is its 
 president; he is also president of the U. O. Lumber Co., of 
 Logan; is a director in the Ogden Milling and Elevator Co., 
 and in the Deseret National and Deseret Savings banks and 
 Home Fire Insurance Co., of Salt Lake; also a large owner 
 in the Co-operative Wagon and Machine Co. and half owner 
 in the Grand Opera House of Ogden, of which company he 
 is president. One would think his hands pretty well rilled 
 and his time thoroughly taken up with the foregoing array, 
 hut it is not all by any means, nor can it all be told in this 
 brief space. He is one of the foremost railway builders of 
 the State, was one of the promoters and vice-president of 
 the Utah Pacific, a director in the Utah Construction Co.. 
 and is a large owner in the splendid street car system of 
 Ogden, which has been completely rejuvenated; also (with 
 others) the Ogden and Hot Springs railway. He is largely 
 interested in several sugar factories, having been the chief 
 promoter of those at Ogden, Logan, and La Grande, Oregon, 
 all of which have been consolidated under the name of Amal- 
 gamated Sugar Co., of which he is the president. 
 
 In 1887 Mr. Eccles was triumphantly elected Mayor 
 of Ogden and gave the city one of the most progressive and 
 pushing administrations it has ever had. It is a great good 
 fortune for any place to have such men in their midst, and 
 the "Junction City" is peculiarly favored in having several 
 such. Any one of them is worth a regiment of croakers and 
 inert dreamers, and when Mr. Eccles and his kind are con- 
 templated it is no longer a wonder that Ogden has kept so 
 splendidly to the fore in the presence of much steady and 
 active rivalry. 
 
 Politically Mr. Eccles is a Republican, but is by no 
 means hidebound and has very liberal views on every subject 
 as well as numerous friends in all organizations. Religiously, 
 he is a member of the Mormon Church, in which he was 
 reared, and is one of the trustees of the Church loan of 
 $1,000,000. He was married in 1875 to M' ss Bertha M. 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 539 
 
 Jensen, with whom he has reared a large family, -all of whom 
 are living. 
 
 ROBERT PIXTON. 
 
 MR. PIXTON was born February 27, 1819; was the son 
 of George and Mary Pixton of Manchester, England. His 
 
 mother died when he was 
 only 14 years of age, and 
 during the summer days of 
 his early youth he worked 
 with his father in the brick 
 yards. During the winter 
 seasons he was employed 
 by the Quaker Hall Man- 
 ufacturing Co., of Manches- 
 ter. He had scarcely 
 reached the age of 19 when 
 he was married to Elizabeth 
 Cooper, and shortly after- 
 wards, being dissatisfied 
 with his labors in England, 
 he resolved to set sail for 
 Quebec. His wife, however, 
 persuaded him to go to the 
 United States, in company with the families of Joseph and 
 Thomas Bateman, with whom he had lived for several years. 
 While on board the vessel bound for America, he was con- 
 vinced of the truthfulness of the gospel as proclaimed by the 
 Latter-day Saints and after arriving in St. Louis, in Novem- 
 ber, 1841, he and Thomas Bateman moved up the river to 
 Augusta, where he was baptized by Elder Bateman, in 
 Skunk Creek. He afterwards removed to Nauvoo, 111., where 
 he entered into partnership with a Mr. Filshaw and was sub- 
 
 ROBERT PIXTON. 
 
540 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 sequently joined by his wife who had just arrived from 
 England. The partnership was then dissolved and Mr. Pix- 
 ton worked on the Temple until it closed. He then drove a 
 team to Sugar Creek for President Young, after which he 
 and the company returned to Nauvoo for their families, with 
 whom they started west. The company traveled to Mt. 
 Pisgah, where they were overtaken by Col. Allen, who made 
 the historic call for 500 of the most able-bodied men in the 
 various Mormon camps for military service in the Mexican 
 war. Few volunteered quicker than Mr. Pixton. He went 
 with the troops to Mexico around by California, where he, 
 with others, discovered gold in Sutler's mill race. On his 
 return he met his wife in Salt Lake valley where they settled 
 for a few years. In 1862 he went to England and filled an 
 honorable mission for nearly four years. Soon after his return 
 he was called as a missionary and colonizer to southern Utah. 
 This mission he held until his death, which took place at 
 Taylorsville, in 1882. 
 
 JOHN COOK. 
 
 THIS well-known and long-time resident and business 
 man of Salt Lake City was born under the skies which over- 
 hang the home part of Edward VII. 's dominions, the exact 
 location being Cranwell, Lancashire, and the date Septem- 
 ber 28, 1818. At an early age he moved to Derbyshire, 
 where he went to school, then started out in life by going to 
 Manchester, Lincolnshire, where he engaged in the butcher 
 business, learning which trade he remained there working in 
 it for fourteen years. He came to the United States in 1846 
 and worked in the Eastern districts till the following spring, 
 when he took up his line of march for the West, striking 
 St. Louis, Mo., and from there going on to Keokuk, Iowa. 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 541 
 
 in 1848. Still the star of empire pulled him along, and in 
 the spring of 1850 he pushed out for the land of the Saints, 
 
 reaching here in Milo An- 
 drus' company of immi- 
 grants in August of that 
 year, and here he has lived 
 ever since. He at once 
 engaged in the business in 
 which he was brought up 
 and in which he was greatly 
 successful, following it till 
 1892, when he retired from 
 active pursuits and has since 
 enjoyed the repose to which 
 an industrious and enter- 
 prising career of long dura- 
 tion entitles him. 
 
 Mr. Cook has a goodly 
 family, among whom may 
 be noted the well and 
 JOHN COOK. widely known stenographer 
 
 and court reporter, W. L. 
 
 Cook, and deserves the high standing in business as well as 
 social circles which correct habits and uprightness in life in- 
 variably bring. 
 
 AXEL EINARSEN. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born on the island of 
 Lesso, Denmark, August 9, 1843. His father dying three 
 months before his birth, his mother was left in impoverished 
 circumstances with six children. At the age of nineteen Mr. 
 Einarsen left his native land for America, his grandfather 
 
542 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 and one brother having already emigrated. He arrived in 
 the United States in 1862, crossing the plains the same year, 
 
 and settled in Utah, where 
 he has ever since resided. 
 
 During the Black Hawk 
 war he served as a volun- 
 teer, being engaged in sev- 
 eral battles with the Indians 
 and in one of them very 
 nearly losing his life. After 
 the cessation of hostilities 
 he engaged for a number 
 of years in freighting, in 
 which he was very success- 
 ful, accumulating consider- 
 able means, and thereafter 
 turned his attention to farm- 
 ing. 
 
 Mr. Einarsen was one 
 of the pioneers in the sugar 
 industry of the State, being 
 associated with Bishop Mad- 
 sen in the manufacture of the first sugar made in Utah; also 
 raised the first sugar beets in that part of the State. He is 
 at present a successful farmer, cattleman and merchant of 
 Axtell, Utah; and is highly esteemed by a host of friends for 
 his manly attributes and enterprising spirit. 
 
 AXEL EINARSEN. 
 
 JOSEPH PARRY. 
 
 As A colonizer and builder, making the waste places fer- 
 tile and the rough ones smooth, the above named stands in 
 the front rank. He is a Welshman by birth, the youngest of 
 thirteen children, whose father and mother were Edward and 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 543 
 
 Mary F. Parry, his birthplace being New Market, Flintshire, 
 North Wales, the date being April 4, 1825. The family was 
 brought up under humble circumstances and at an early age 
 of this subject, both father and mother died. Soon after he 
 went to Liverpool and entered upon a career of numerous- 
 vicissitudes, bring \\ithout money ^r friends. He soon ob- 
 tained work, however, and 
 in good time, having heard 
 Mormonism preached, he 
 became a convert, exper- 
 iencing in so doing the 
 greatest opposition from 
 his family; but one sister 
 with her household subse- 
 quently embraced the faith 
 and came to Utah. 
 
 On September i, 1848, 
 Mr. Parry was married to 
 Jane Payne. Through lack 
 of means the husband came 
 first to this country, his wife 
 following as soon as he 
 could raise the money, and 
 dying soon after arrival, 
 from cholera. He then 
 went to St. Louis, and in> 
 April, 1850, was married to Eliza Tunks. After numerous 
 hardships they reached Salt Lake City in 1852. Here he 
 engaged in such work as could be obtained until 1853, when 
 he moved to Ogden and has resided there ever since, his ex- 
 perience being similar to that of most others of his time. 
 He went on the noted Salmon River mission to the Indians 
 in 1855, and underwent experiences by flood and field, dan- 
 gers innumerable and famine ever threatening, such as tried 
 men's souls, accounts of which occur in other places herein 
 and are too .voluminous to be detailed. He got back to 
 
 JOSEPH PARRY. 
 
544 U1AH AS 11 IS. 
 
 Ogden finally, where he h.is had a career not quite so much 
 given to the rougher aspects of life. He has. however, been 
 through the crusade mill and served a term in the Govern- 
 ment "reformatory" for unlawful cohabitation. He is a man 
 of thrift and progress, is connected with several large bus- 
 iness concerns and has held many important public stations. 
 It may here be mentioned that he is the father of 23 children 
 .and is highly respected by all classes of people. 
 
 ALFRED SOLOMON. 
 
 IN THE history of Utah's industrial development, no name 
 in the State is deserving of more honorable mention than 
 that which heads this sketch. Bishop Solomon, in connec- 
 tion with his brother James, has the notable distinction of 
 being the first importer of machinery into Utah for shoemak- 
 ing, the firm of Solomon Bros, having been organized for 
 that purpose in 1870. 
 
 Alfred Solomon was born September 10,1836,31 Truro, 
 Cornwall, England, and is the son of William Solomon and 
 Mary Jane Hocking. He was educated in. the common 
 schools of Truro, and was baptized into the Church of 
 Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, April 6, 1854. Although 
 his parents and relatives were opposed to his becoming a 
 Mormon and also to his emigrating to America, he never- 
 theless made arrangements for his departure and sailed from 
 Liverpool for Boston on the ship ''George Washington," 
 March 27, 1857. From Boston he went to Iowa City, Iowa, 
 where he remained a short time, working to earn money 
 with which to continue his journey across the plains. He 
 arrived in Salt Lake valley September 12, 1857, after a trip 
 full of interest and incident, and settled in Salt Lake City, 
 \vhichhas ever since been his home. During the Johnston army 
 
POUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 545 
 
 affair, ',n the winter of 1857-58, he did military service Tin 
 Echo canyon, and at the time of the move south, in 1858, 
 was detailed to remain in Salt Lake City to aid in burning 
 and destroying the property, should the army prove hostile 
 after its arrival in the city. When peace had been restored 
 Mr. Solomon settled down at the shoemaking business, tak- 
 ing charge of Robert J. 
 Golding's store and 
 shoe business. For a 
 number of years he 
 acted as a special 
 policeman and also as 
 a constable in Salt 
 Lake City. He was in 
 1886 honored more- 
 over with the appoint- 
 ment of City Marshal 
 and Chief ot Police and 
 under his regime for 
 four years the peace 
 and welfare of the city 
 were ably conserved. 
 Mr. Solomon is also a 
 veteran artilleryman 
 and when the first fire 
 department was organ- 
 ized in Salt Lake, he 
 became a member of it. 
 It was in 1870 as has been stated, that the present firm 
 of Solomon Bros, came into being, for the improved manu- 
 facture of boots and shoes, nothing in this line, so far, having 
 been accomplished save by hand. The best and latest im- 
 proved machinery to be had at the time was imported from 
 the East, and this year saw the first machine-made foot-wear 
 produced in the then Territory. Since then, this well-known 
 firm has grown- and developed with sturdy vigor, on*a safe, 
 
 ALFRED SOLOMON. 
 
546 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 conservative basis, until today its shipments extend all over 
 this inter-mountain region. Only recently the firm has 
 equipped its factory with the finest, latest improved, and fast- 
 est plant, with greatly increased capacity, and the large output 
 attests the excellence of the goods made and the favor in which 
 they are so widely held. 
 
 Mr. Solomon was ordained a Bishop and set apart to 
 preside over the Twenty-second Ward at its organization, 
 March 31, 1879, which position he still holds. In 1891 he 
 left for a mission to England, where he labored successfully 
 as president ot the Newcastle and Cheltenham conferences, 
 and also for a short time as president of the European 
 mission. He returned home July 4, 1893, and was called to 
 labor in the Salt Lake Temple. 
 
 Bishop Solomon has had three wives and is the father 
 of twenty-three children. He is a man of substantial worth, 
 safe, conservative and honorable in all his dealings, one 
 whose roots have sunk deep and spread wide in the social 
 and commercial field, and a pioneer whose works have given 
 a forceful impetus to the material development of the re- 
 sources of this inland empire. 
 
 JAMES SOLOMON. 
 
 THE subject of this sketch was born September 26, 1831, 
 at Truro, Cam wall, England, where he passed the first 
 twenty-nine years of his life. He received his education at 
 the Protestant school in his native town and thereafter was em- 
 ployed as general salesman by his father, who was in business 
 as a boot and shoe merchant. He joined the Church of Jesus 
 Christ of Latter-day Saints on May 7, 1857, and on Novem- 
 ber 22, of the same year, married Miss Elizabeth Hill 
 Stephens, of Burdock, near Falmouth, England. His wife was 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 547 
 
 the daughter of a well-to-do farmer whose family comprised 
 three sons and three daughters. Mrs. Solomon was born on 
 September 29. 1826. 
 
 It was on May 7, 1861, that Mr. Solomon, accompanied 
 by his wife, set sail for the new world, the vessel in which 
 they embarked being the "Monarch of the Sea." On their 
 arrival at New York, they took train to St. Joseph. From 
 
 there the steamer "West 
 
 Wind" took them as far 
 north as Florence, above 
 Omaha, from which point 
 their journey across the 
 plains, with ox teams, began. 
 When the company in 
 which Mr. and Mrs. Solo- 
 mon traveled had reached 
 Loop Horn, they heard of 
 the battle of Bull Run and 
 the defeat of the North. "We 
 had understood," said Mr. 
 Solomon in speaking of 
 this incident, "that in this 
 war both the North and the 
 South would get an awful 
 thrashing, for the Prophet 
 Joseph had phrophesied the 
 war and the carnage that 
 
 v, ould follow many years before, so that the people were not 
 surprised at the news of the disaster." Mr. and Mrs. Solo- 
 mon arrived in Salt Lake City, September 12, 1861. "1 had 
 a penny in my pocket when I reached the city," said Mr. 
 Solomon, and, with a quiet chuckle he added, "I've got it 
 yet." 
 
 On the journey to Zion he suffered a little from chills 
 and fever, but his wife walked every step of the way from 
 Florence to Salt Lake. In 1862 he bought the land on which 
 
 JAMES SOLOMON. 
 
548 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 his commodious residence now stands and by his industry 
 and good judgment has accumulated a large landed estate, 
 consisting of city realty, farming lands, mining and coal fields, 
 as well as stocks and bonds, etc. 
 
 Soon after his arrival in Salt Lake City, Mr. Solomon 
 began in a small way making and repairing shoes, and being 
 known as a handy man, did odd jobs at various times. Raw- 
 hide was the stock chiefly used in those days for the manu- 
 facture of shoes, but the advent of the railroad brought leather 
 depots within easier reach. Mr. Solomon was likewise em- 
 ployed as policeman and detective at various periods during 
 the early days of his residence here, but in 1870 he and his 
 brother Alfred organized the firm of Solomon Bros., which 
 has since grown and prospered year by year. They manu- 
 factured boots and shoes for Z. C. M. I. until under the direc- 
 tion of W. H. Rowe that firm started to do their own 
 manufacturing. The Solomon Bros, started business in a 
 small place on Main street, part of which was occupied by 
 Charles Crow, harness-maker. Then they moved to a small 
 building near the Valley House. Leaving this they went to 
 the premises subsequently occupied by the old 1 3th Ward 
 store and where R. K. Thomas' store now stands. After a 
 time here they moved across the street and then moved back 
 again, but for about twenty-five years they have occupied the 
 premises they are now in, renting first and then purchasing 
 the store building from Charles Donelson and leasing the 
 ground of Levi Richards. The present factory was erected 
 in the spring of 1899, is located on Third North, between 
 Third and Fourth West, and is splendidly equipped with the 
 finest machinery to be had. 
 
 Mr. Solomon was ordained a Seventy in 1867, and so far 
 has filled a life-mission in promoting the industrial develop- 
 ment of the City and State. He is of independent mind in 
 local politics, aiming to. vote for those he thinks are the best 
 men, but is broad and tolerant in his views, progressive and 
 conscientious. He is fond of a good joke, possesses a cheer- 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 549 
 
 ful, sunny disposition, and is esteemed and loved by a host of 
 friends. 
 
 ALFRED EDWARD SOLOMOM. 
 
 THIS enterprising and progressive citizen, who has been 
 since 1886 in charge of the factory of Solomon Bios., boot 
 and shoe manufacturers of this city, is a native son, naving 
 
 ALFRED E. SOLOMON AND FAMILY. 
 
 been born in Salt Lake April 21, 1861. He was educated at 
 the public schools, and at the age of sixteen entered the em- 
 ploy of Solomon Bros. his father and uncle respectively. 
 Here he learned the business of boot and shoe making in all 
 its details, and when fully equipped by training and experi- 
 ence was given the management of the factory, a position he 
 has rilled ever since with much ability and conservative care. 
 He has seen the .business grow and develop into its present 
 
550 UTAH AS H IS. 
 
 large proportions from handicraft to machine production 
 and is ever on the alert to adopt improved appliances for the 
 superior manufacture of his firm's well-known product. Only 
 last year he made an extensive tour of the leather and ma- 
 chinery emporiums of Chicago and Milwaukee, purchasing 
 new equipment for the factory, and improving its machinery 
 with the latest appliances. Under his direction and the com- 
 bined management and good judgment of the Solomon Bros., 
 the force employed has grown steadily larger until now 46 
 men and girls are employed, thus distributing a large amount 
 in wages every week for the support of many who otherwise 
 would have to seek maintenance elsewhere. Hence to Solo- 
 mon Bros, is due at least as much credit as is given to 
 those who make two blades of grass to grow where only one 
 grew before; for they were pioneers in this field of industry, 
 are producers of wealth and promoters of home manufac- 
 ture, and deserve not only praise but widespread patronage, 
 assisting as they are in the work of teaching the people by 
 their own example to become self-sustaining and helping to 
 keep money at home that otherwise would be sent abroad 
 never to return. That the patronage extended Solomon Bros. 
 is constantly growing is attested by the gradual increase of 
 the force employed, and this is prophetic of the majestic pro- 
 portions the industry must assume within the next decade. 
 
 Alfred E., the present factory manager, is still in early 
 manhood, and is acknowledged to possess more than usual 
 ability in the direction of affairs under his charge. He is cau- 
 tious and prudent without being a plodder in any sense of the 
 term, his business acumen being grounded upon the axiom 
 'Be sure you're right, then go ahead." This is also character- 
 istic of both his father and uncle, and the result is that they 
 have accumulated comfortable estates without the aid of 
 speculation or any desire to hastily get rich, while losses to 
 any extent, outside the chances of legitimate trade, have been 
 but few. The solid, substantial character of the business is 
 a reflex of the solidity and substantiality of the men them- 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 551 
 
 selves. Young Solomon (or Fred, as he is familiarly called) 
 was married to Miss Katherine Moffatt, in May, 1886, and 
 five children have come to bless their home. He is also a 
 member (as is his father, uncle and brothers) of the New 
 State Gun Club, owns considerable farming lands and has 
 residence property, and is one for whom the future holds 
 much in store. 
 
 HENRY DINWOODEY. 
 
 ONE of the earliest recollections of the writer of these 
 chapters, as relates to business men in Utah, is that of Henry 
 Dinwoodey. That was in 
 1862, when his establish- 
 ment was in its infancy (it 
 was established in 1857), 
 and contained but little that 
 was not made therein. He 
 was even then well to the 
 fore among the pushing and 
 enterprising men of affairs 
 hereabouts, and how his busi- 
 ness has grown is a wonder- 
 ful tale. 
 
 Mr. Dinwoodey is a na- 
 tive of England, having been 
 born in Warrington, Lanca- 
 shire, on September nth, 
 1825. He dees not look so 
 old by many years, but is so 
 hale and vigorous in appear- 
 ance that he really belongs 
 
 among the middle-aged class. Until his 25th year his life 
 was spent in his native land, where he received an education 
 in the common schools, and in 1849, having become a convert 
 
 HENRY DINWOODEY. 
 
552 U1AH AS 11 IS. 
 
 to the doctrines of the Latter-day Saints, he set sail for the 
 United States, Utah being of course the objective point. It 
 was a most trying voyage. The vessel was a sailer, and 
 after being out of sight of land several days, cholera broke 
 out among the passengers, and so dreadful were its ravages 
 that he participated in the burial of over forty victims, the 
 bodies being consigned to the depths of the ocean. Besides 
 this, the trip was an exceedingly stormy and perilous one r 
 but New Orleans was reached at last. Here he remained 
 six months, and the following spring went to St. Louis, where 
 he lived five years working at pattern making. He then 
 fitted out two ox teams, and loading his family and effects in 
 the wagons, made his way across the plains, reaching Salt 
 Lake City in safety in September, 1855. 
 
 Mr. Dinwoodey never was an idler, so it is easy to un- 
 derstand that there was a great deal to do as soon as he got 
 righted up in Zion. The nucleus of the great establishment 
 which bears his name was soon constructed and added ta 
 steadily, notwithstanding that trade was slow for a long time 
 because of the scarcity of money. He took an active part 
 in Church affairs, and has held all its offices up to High 
 Priest, which he now is and has been since 1873. He is not 
 only a self-made and thoroughly substantial man, but has 
 been the means of putting many another on the road to per- 
 manent prosperity. 
 
 Mr. Dinwoodey was married, just previous to his depart- 
 ure from his native land, to Miss Ellen Gore, who died child- 
 less in Salt Lake City in 1855. He has been married twice 
 since then and has had a family of nine children. 
 
 Mr. Dinwoodey, on arriving here, at once became active 
 in Church work and contributed largely to building the Tem- 
 ple and other structures. In fact, he has always been public- 
 spirited and progressive whether in religious or secular affairs. 
 He was commissioned by Governor Mann as captain of the 
 first infantry, Nauvoo Legion, having been elected thereto 
 October loth, 1869. He has several times served in the City 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 553 
 
 Council of Salt Lake; was one of the promoters of the Dese- 
 ret Agricultural and Manufacturing Society; was a regent of 
 the Deseret University, and has been and is connected with 
 several enterprises besides his own. Being essentially a self- 
 made man, he appreciates the labors of others, and from the 
 beginning of his furniture store and factory then a modest 
 little place of one story on Main street to the present time, 
 in the mammoth establishment on First South street, he has 
 been the employer of an army of men, all of whom have 
 been promptly and adequately paid. It is now the greatest 
 business of the kind in the Western country and is an endur- 
 ing monument to its founder. 
 
 JAMES H. MOYLE. 
 
 AMONG those of our grand State who have arisen to dis- 
 tinction, not through adventitious circumstances but by means 
 of sterling qualities, close ap- 
 plication and ceaseless ener- 
 gy, the gentleman above 
 named stands conspicuous. 
 It does not detract from, but 
 rather adds to, the situation 
 that he was born on the spot 
 where he has grown up to 
 legal and political promi- 
 nence Salt Lake City, the 
 date being September 15, 
 1858. His earlier education 
 was obtained in the district 
 schools, was more fully de- 
 veloped in a term at the 
 University of Utah and 
 rounded out by a term in the 
 University of Michigan, at 
 Ann Arbor, the literary de- JAMS H MOVLE 
 
554 U1AH AS II IS. 
 
 partment of which he entered in 1882, and although he con- 
 tinued his studies therein, entered the law department in 1883 
 and graduated in 1885. He was married on Nov. 17, 1887, 
 to Alice E. Dinwoodey, and they have an interesting family. 
 Mr. Moyle has held several public positions and came 
 close to holding others more prominent. He began his official 
 career immediately after his return from Ann Arbor as assist- 
 ant City and County Attorney, afterwards being elected and 
 re-elected as County Attorney. He also served one term in the 
 Territorial Legislature, in all of these stations showing marked 
 ability. He was the choice of the Democratic caucus for U. 
 S. Senator, held during the last hours of the session of the 
 Legislature of 1899, but through a combination of circum- 
 stances (explained in a preceding chapter) that body, with its 
 great Democratic majority, failed to elect any one. It should 
 be here remarked that during the campaign which resulted 
 in the election of that Legislature he was chairman of the 
 Democratic State Committee, and the result showed how well 
 things were carried along. In 1900 he was the candidate of 
 his party for Governor, but the political tide, by reason of the 
 successful ending of the war with Spain, had turned strongly to 
 the Republicans and no Democrats were elected. He is a hard 
 man to beat, in court or elsewhere, and being young and vig- 
 orous has no doubt the greater part of his record yet to make. 
 
 IRVING A. BENTON. 
 
 THE great railway lines centering in Salt Lake City 
 have brought us more than improved conditions, great as 
 these are and promise to continue; they are responsible for 
 the coming and staying of some people whose presence is an 
 acquisition of much consequence to the community. Among 
 them all none is better or more favorably known than the 
 one whose name heads this chapter, and who holds with 
 marked ability and universal satisfaction the responsible office 
 of general passenger agent of the Rio Grande system. 
 
FOFNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 555 
 
 Colonel Benton was born in New Haven, Conn., on the 
 loth day of December, 1847. In 1868 he settled at Fremont, 
 Neb., and there, on August 9, 1871, he became chief clerk 
 in the freight department of the Union Pacific, this being the 
 beginning of what has rounded out into a great railway 
 career. In 1881 he was promoted to the position of agent 
 of the U. P. at Ogden, remaining there four years, at the 
 end of which term he came to Salt Lake City and took a 
 place as chief clerk in the office of W. C. Borland, general 
 agent of the road. The advancements went steadily along, 
 and on May i, 1886, he became joint ticket agent of the U. 
 P. and D. and R. G., holding 
 this position until June, 1890, 
 when he entered the arena 
 of political appointments, 
 having been made postmas- 
 ter of Salt Lake City. In De- 
 cember, 1882, we was, with- 
 out solicitation on his own 
 part, made U.S. Marshal of 
 the Territory of Utah, and 
 held the place until July ist 
 of the following year. Soon 
 after he went back to rail- 
 roading, becoming ticket 
 agent of the Rio Grande 
 Western, and on May i, 
 1902, he was appointed to the position first above named ? 
 that of general passenger agent. That he is an entirely 
 capable official and an altogether popular citizen is partly 
 attested by the foregoing lines. He is a business man 
 from beginning to end, and conducts his company's affairs 
 in so systematic and comprehensive a manner that the details 
 of his department, gigantic as they are, are always in such 
 shape that a tyro might understand them. For the re- 
 mainder, the reader is referred to his accompanying portrait. 
 
 IRVING A. BENTON. 
 
556 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 WILLIS JOHNSON. 
 
 AT THE city of Ogden, on November 4, 1868, the above 
 named gentleman made his first appearance on this stage of 
 action. He received an education in the common schools and 
 finished up with a term in the Brigham Young Academy at 
 
 Provo. He then went into 
 farming and stock raising 
 until 1898, when he went 
 into the mercantile business, 
 in which he is still engaged 
 at Circleville, Piute County, 
 his place of residence, hav- 
 ing a branch establishment 
 at Twin Falls, Idaho. He 
 was elected to the State Sen- 
 ate in 1900 and rendered 
 good service during the two 
 terms following. He was 
 appointed a World's Fair 
 Commissioner by the Gov- 
 ernor in March, 1903. 
 
 Mr. Johnson was mar- 
 ried on April i, 1891, to 
 Miss Dora Morrill, and has 
 
 five children, a girl the eldest and for boys. He is well 
 known as a busy man and a sterling citizen. In politics 
 he is a Republican, but is not a fanatic in that respect or 
 anything else. The Burns standard "A man's a man for a r 
 that" undoubtedly obtains with Mr. Johnson. 
 
 DAVID R. ROBERTS. 
 
 THIS prominent citizen of northern Utah was born in 
 Logan on March 30, 1871, his father being Robert D. 
 Roberts, a native of Wales, who came to Utah with a hand- 
 cart company in 1856. He settled in Logan in 1859, 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 557 
 
 he still resides. His wife, Hannah Roberts, also came from 
 Wales, four years after his departure, reaching Utah in 1860, 
 The subject of this article spent his early days in the canyon, 
 on the farm and in the public schools, finally graduating from 
 Brigham Young College with the class of 1890. After this 
 he engaged in the implement business and at railroading. 
 He was married to Miss Tryphena Davis of Logan, on De- 
 cember 6, 1893, and on the 
 i6th of the same month left 
 on a two years' mission to the 
 States of Indiana and Illi- 
 nois. Returning, he again 
 embarked in the implement 
 business, associating with it 
 grain and produce. He also 
 became interested in live 
 stock, and spent much time 
 and energy in the interest of 
 the farmers of the Western 
 country, getting the ^>est 
 markets for their products. 
 He was elected to the Fifth 
 State Legislature as a Re- 
 publican by a good majority, 
 although the county has all 
 along been Democratic. He 
 
 is also chairman of the Republican City Committee of Logan, 
 and was a delegate to the great Irrigation Congress at 
 Ogden in 1903. 
 
 Mr. Roberts is the father of four children, one of 
 whom is dead. He stands very high in business and other 
 circles wherever known. 
 
 DAVID R. ROBERTS. 
 
 PIERRE A. DROUBAY. 
 
 THE subject of this bit of history is probably at the head 
 of the list in his county, as one of the beet posted and most 
 
558 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 enterprising citizens of the "republic of Tooele." Few men 
 have the practical experience, and fewer have done as much for 
 the development of the natural resources of Tooele valle}' as 
 he. It can be truthfully said of him that he has accomplished 
 much with little, and has demonstrated what a good mind 
 with energy and will power can do in a few years. The 
 fact is given that he has put up more houses, made more 
 ditches, built more fences and bridges by his own efforts (and 
 
 besides, worked in canyons, 
 in mines and on railroads) 
 than any other man there 
 today. 
 
 Mr. Droubay's life is 
 full of adventure and, if 
 written in book form, would 
 be as interesting to read, 
 and as dramatic as a dime 
 novel. Born in France, 
 September 25, 1855, with 
 his parents he came to Utah, 
 arriving in Salt Lake City 
 with ox-cart immigrants, Oc- 
 tober 27th, 1864. They 
 camped for several days on 
 the public square where the 
 City and County building 
 now stands. He walked all 
 the way from Council Bluffs 
 on the Missouri river to this city, the wagon used by his par- 
 ents being also occupied by two more families and all their 
 earthly belongings, so that for those who were able to walk 
 there was no room to ride. 
 
 He moved from this city to Tooele valley in the fall of 
 1867. lived with his parents until 22 years of age and then 
 took unto himself a wife. Starting out to fight the battle of 
 life on his own behalf, modest and meagre were his equip- 
 
 PIERRB A. DROUBAY. 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 559 
 
 ment, consisting chiefly of a yoke of cattle and Schuttler 
 wagon, two cows, a few household utensils and $2.30 in cash. 
 He located on a ranch and began to live on the product of 
 his labors. This enterprise he was successful in. He then 
 went to Tooele City where he embarked in mercantile pur- 
 suits, but still retained ownership of his large ranch, compris- 
 ing 2,500 acres, all fenced and improved, stocked with cattle 
 and horses and enhanced with fish ponds. He has also made 
 a splendid success of his mercantile venture, and is now the 
 happy possessor of the best store in Tooele County. Ever 
 since its incipiency he has enjoyed and is now favored with a 
 very liberal patronage, so that, today, his is a paying and pros- 
 perous business. 
 
 Mr. Droubay has a large family, consisting of two wives 
 and several grown-up children, all living in harmony and con- 
 tentment. Being frequently asked how he exercises such 
 noteworthy control and manages his household so well, he 
 says: "I train my children while young in the way that they 
 should go; we retain the confidence of each other, mutually 
 help each other, and thus live together in harmony and 
 peace." He is a strong adherent to the faith of the domi- 
 nant Church, and his zeal and faith have been many times 
 exemplified by his works. His politics are rather inde- 
 pendent, and though he strongly favors the Republican side 
 of national politics, he is not a bigot or a zealot. He respects 
 all men's opinions oven as he expects his own to be respected, 
 and has no enmity for anyone because of differences politi- 
 calty or religiously. Indeed, he has friends in all parties and 
 all creeds, and so demeans himself at all times and under all 
 circumstances as to deserve their friendship and esteem. He 
 has frequently been mentioned in connection with legislative 
 honors, and while he would undoubtedly serve the people 
 with credit to himself and advantage to them, he does not 
 crave office, and holds the post of honor to be the private 
 station. It is not at all unreasonable that a man who does so 
 much to build up the State generally and the community in 
 
560 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 which he lives particularly, who pays more taxes than any 
 other person in his neighborhood and is one of the heaviest 
 lax-payers in the State, should be officially recognized. 
 
 Mr. Droubay is bright and intelligent, above the average, 
 and although his years are replete with marvelous events, he 
 is still, at this writing, strong and vigorous and a pillar of 
 strength in the community. His word is as good as his bond; 
 he is full of courage and good will, and while he has accumu- 
 4ated a large estate, he is as approachable, easy of manners 
 and as humble as when younger and in different circum- 
 stances; and now, with the assistance of his boys, who have 
 (been thoroughly trained, he is able to take life easier and enjoy 
 some of the comforts of an ideal home that are cherished by all. 
 
 H. G. PARK. 
 
 IN Hamilton Gray Park we have a man whose experi- 
 ences, if told in full, would amount to a goodly history of the 
 
 development of the common- 
 wealth. He made his first 
 appearance upon this stage 
 of action as far back as 1826, 
 on November 25th. When 
 but fourteen years of age, he 
 accepted the doctrines of the 
 Latter-day Saints and was 
 baptized at Kilbirnie, Scot- 
 land, and immediately be- 
 came a teacher in the cause 
 of the gospel, from which 
 position he advanced steadi- 
 ly to others. Having previ- 
 ously married, he emigrated 
 to the United States in 1854, 
 being in charge of the com- 
 pany which sailed en September 4th. He had been here but 
 -two years when he became business manager for President 
 
 H. G. PARK. 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 561 
 
 Brigham Young and remained in this calling for several 
 years. During this time he rendered some trying service at 
 road-making and bridge building in the canyons, making the 
 first roads in many places, and furnishing the first logs for 
 lumber. Most of this was so severe an ordeal that anyone 
 possessed of less will power, faith and physical strength must 
 have failed, but he failed not at any point. Part of the time 
 he subsisted on frozen bread, in snow up to his waist. His 
 faithfulness in every accepted trust became so pronounced 
 that it could not but bring its reward, and thus he was ad- 
 vanced along the highway to prosperity until, many years ago, 
 he could mingle with the people and things of life upon more 
 desirable terms. First and last he always enjoyed the full 
 confidence of the great leader, and was entrusted with many 
 important features of the grand enterprises which were worked 
 up for the benefit of the people. In 1869 he went on a mis- 
 sion to Great Britain, which was honorably tilled, returning 
 in 1871, taking a second one in 1875 an ^ being president of 
 the Scotch mission. On his return from this mission in 1877, 
 he entered the service of Z. C. M. I. of Salt Lake City, and- 
 has remained there uninterruptedly ever since, being very 
 popular with all hands, from the superintendent down to the 
 office boys. 
 
 Besides his numerous Church positions, Mr. Park has 
 been a captain in the Nauvoo Legion, but political places or 
 politics in any form he would have none of. On Feb. 21, 1896, 
 a sad bereavement befell him in the sudden and unex- 
 pected death of his beloved wife, a woman whose many 
 virtues and kindly ways endeared her to all who knew her. 
 
 Mr. Park is a careful, thrifty man, generous in his ways,' 
 attached to his friends and grounded in his faith like the 
 Rock of Ages. He is the owner of the Manitou Hotel and 
 other valuable property in Salt Lake City, and is greatly re- 
 spected by people of all shades of opinion. 
 
 Agnes (the wife above spoken of) , was the daughter of 
 John Steel and Jessie Alexander, was born early in 1826 in 
 
562 
 
 U1AH AS IT JS. 
 
 Kilbirnie, Ayrshire, Scotland, and received the gospel in 1841. 
 She was married when about sixteen years of age, and was 
 the mother of ten children, four boys and six girls. She left 
 
 her native land for Utah, Au- 
 gust 27, 1850, sailing from the 
 Victoria docks, Liverpool, on 
 September 3, 1850, in the 
 good ship North Atlantic. 
 After a rough and tedious 
 voyage she arrived at New 
 Orleans on November 3rd. 
 On account of sickness and 
 adverse circumstances, she 
 remained at St. Louis until 
 April 27, 1852, losing a lit- 
 tle girl, Marion Marintha, 
 just before starting for Salt 
 Lake City. After a long 
 and perilous journey the 
 family arrived at the "Old 
 Fort," Sixth ward, Salt Lake 
 City, in the evening of Sep- 
 tember 9, 1852. She was 
 wife and mother and a consistent 
 
 AGNES S. PARK. 
 
 a faithful and devoted 
 member of the Church. 
 
 JAMES W. CAHOON. 
 
 THIS well known legislator and man of affairs was born 
 March 31, 1854, at Murray, Salt Lake County. He began 
 his business career as a rancher in southern Utah, which he 
 continued for five years, after which he went to work in the 
 smelters, remaining in this calling till 1902, a period of twenty- 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 563 
 
 
 one years. He then went into real estate, tarming and mer- 
 chandising, being elected to the Legislature the same year. 
 
 Mr. Cahoon is a large property owner and an exceed- 
 ingly busy man. He is the 
 proprietor of the Opera House 
 and several of the principal 
 business buildings of his town, 
 his residence being one of the 
 finest, most commodious and 
 best appointed in Murray, 
 which boasts several that are 
 far beyond the common. He 
 has been signally successful in 
 all his undertakings and en- 
 joys a wide measure of popu- 
 larity. He took unto himself 
 a wife in the person of Miss 
 Martha E. Proctor on Janu- 
 ary 10, 1876, and eight chil- 
 dren six of them girls have 
 come to bless their home. Politically he is a Republican, 
 but his friendship extends to all classes of people. 
 
 MAHONRI M. STEELE. 
 
 IN Mr. Steele we have a Government employe who has 
 proved himself to he efficient, honest and thorough. He is a 
 native of Utah's Dixie, having been born at Toquerville, 
 Washington County, on February 2, 1870. . He received 
 his early schooling in the district schools and wound up 
 by graduating in the normal department of the L. D. S. Col- 
 lege in 1892, after which he taught school for five years. 
 During this time he also turned his attention to politics, and 
 began his official career by being elected justice of the peace 
 
564 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 of Panguitch precinct, afterwards County Recorder of Gar- 
 field County in 1893. In 1895 he was elected County Clerk, 
 
 and held the office up to Jan. 
 7, 1901. He was chairman 
 of the Republican commit- 
 tee of that county for five 
 consecutive years, beginning 
 with 1885; was twice a 
 member of the State com- 
 mittee, also has been chair- 
 man of the Sixth Judicial 
 District committee and of 
 the Tenth Senatorial district. 
 On the assembling of the 
 Fourth State Legislature he 
 was given the important 
 position of Chief Clerk of 
 the House and filled it with 
 marked ability. Shortly af- 
 ter this term expired he was 
 
 MAHONu M. STBEI.K. 
 
 Mail Inspector for this 
 region of country, a position which he still holds and in 
 which he is giving the greatest satisfaction. 
 
 WILLIAM C. A. SMOOT. 
 
 IN Mr. Smoot we have one of the few remaining Pio- 
 neers of 1847, arriving here with the others on July 24th. 
 He is a native of Tennessee, Roane County, where he was 
 born on yanuary 30, 1828. He attended the schools of that 
 section; moved to Illinois in 1839, an ^ at ^ e a g e f e ig nt years 
 was baptized into the Mormon Church, staying with them con- 
 stantly afterwards, which caused him to be in Nauvoo during 
 the troublous times. Here he worked on the Temple and 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 565 
 
 Seventies' Hall until they were completed, and with the first 
 exodus made his way across the plains to the uninhabited moun- 
 tains of the West. On arrival here he went to farming at 
 once, and when the crops were planted went to work build- 
 ing the adobe and log structure which is known to history 
 as the Old Fort, its style of architecture being Mexican; 
 before this labor was finished, however, he left to meet the 
 emigrants coming in, meeting his people at Pacific Springs, 
 head of the Sweetwater. He 
 moved from Salt Lake City 
 to Cottoriwood, to take 
 charge of the Church farm, 
 in 1850, and from there to 
 Sugar House, where he has 
 resided ever since, in 1854. 
 His chief occupations have 
 been milling, farming and 
 carpentering, at all of which 
 he has been quite successful. 
 The monotony of civil life 
 was broken somewhat by 
 eleven years service in the 
 Life Guards, being one of 
 the mounted minute men 
 and subject to call at any 
 time; in this as in all other 
 things, he was signally effi- 
 cient. 
 
 Mr. Smoot is the head of a large and prosperous family, 
 while his connections are among the best in the State, em- 
 bracing the late Mayor A. O. Smoot (whose portrait is 
 on a previous page), his brother and Senator Reed Smoot, 
 his nephew. He. is upright in his dealing, charitable in his 
 judgment, always willing to live and let live, and has well 
 earned all the good things of life which have come to him. 
 Being quite well preserved, he may look forward to many 
 
 WIMJAM C. A. SMOOX. 
 
566 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 more years' existence this side of the veil, where his friends, 
 whose name is legion, hope to enjoy his society as long as he 
 cares to stay in their midst. 
 
 JOSHUA MIDGLEY. 
 
 ALTHOUGH not among the first comers, Mr. Midgley is 
 entitled to rank as a Pioneer, for Utah, when he came to it, 
 
 FOUR GENERATIONS OF THE MITGLEY FAMILY 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 567 
 
 was an exceedingly "wild and woolly" place except at the 
 far-apart nuclei of civilization and none too far advanced there. 
 He was born October 15, 1832, at Almonbury, Yorkshire, 
 England, and joined the Mormon Church in September, 1846. 
 In January, 1850, he emigrated to this country with his 
 father, landing at New Orleans after a long and tedious voy- 
 age. He then proceeded to St. Louis and served a term as 
 apprentice at painting. In 1852 he came to Utah and settled 
 in Salt Lake City, working generally at his trade, chiefly on 
 the public works, until 1865, when he established a place of 
 his own, which steadily grew. He early became a member of 
 the noted Tabernacle choir and almost equally famous Nauvoo 
 brass band. He was second bugler in company A, Nauvoo 
 Legion, and in this capacity was one of the Spartans who 
 went out to "welcome" the army of the United States under 
 Albert Sidney Johnston. He is a Patriarch in the Church, 
 not only officially but in a domestic sense, as the accompany- 
 ing cut of four generations of his family shows, having been 
 married on April 18, 1853, to Jemima Hough, also of Eng- 
 land and also of the Tabernacle choir, and they became the 
 parents of twelve children, six of whom are living. They 
 are among the oldest, if not the oldest residents of the Twelfth 
 ward, Salt Lake City, having lived there fifty years. He 
 has done a great deal of colonizing in the Territory, and is 
 recognized in the community as an upright, progressive 
 citizen. 
 
 WILLIS E. RQBISON. 
 
 WILLIS EUGENE ROBISON, the son of Benjamin H. 
 Robinson and Lillis Andree Robison, was born March i, 
 1854, m tne town of Crete, Will County, Illinois. His par- 
 ents emigrated to Utah when he was a mere babe and settled 
 in Fillmore, where he was raised to manhood, assisting his 
 father in duties common to pioneer life, such as farming. 
 
568 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 stock raising, freighting, etc. At the age of seventeen he 
 was employed as a clerk in the Co-operative store in Fillmore, 
 and later on was put in charge of a lumber yard belonging 
 to the same institution. His education was limited to such 
 branches as were taught in the public schools of that time f 
 and obtained by working nine months in the year and going 
 to school in the winter, and yet it may be said that none of 
 
 his classmates outstripped 
 him in the race for knowl- 
 edge. 
 
 In the year 1874 ^ e 
 married Miss Sarah A. Ell- 
 ett, who still -presides over 
 his domestic happiness. Two 
 years later the young couple 
 moved to Scipio, where they 
 lived for twelve years. Dur- 
 ing this time Mr, Robison 
 filled a mission to the South- 
 ern States, expounding the 
 doctrines of the Mormon 
 Church, laboring principally 
 in the State of Tennessee. 
 While there Elders John H. 
 
 Gibbs of Paradise, Cache County, and William S. Berry of 
 Kanarra, Iron County, companions of his, were killed by a 
 masked mob at Cane Creek, Tenn., and to Elder Robison 
 was assigned the sad duty of taking their bodies home to 
 their friends in Utah, a responsibility which he readily ac- 
 cepted and successfully accomplished,not withstanding the diffi- 
 culties encountered en route and the disadvantage of being 
 alone to watch over the bodies night and day. 
 
 In 1888 he moved to Piute County, where he lived for 
 about a year, when he was called by his Church authorities 
 to move to Loa as Bishop. That winter he served as a mem- 
 ber of the Legislature in the lower house, representing Iron, 
 
 WILLIS E. ROBISON. 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 569 
 
 Beaver, and Piute counties. This body was the one that gave 
 to Utah its free school law, and by a bounty on sugar made 
 it possible for the Lehi Sugar Factory to usher in an industry 
 that is bringing so much wealth into this region; and to both 
 of these measures Mr. Robison gave his hearty support. 
 
 Piute County at that time was quite large and the county 
 seat in the extreme western end, which made it very incon- 
 venient for the people in the eastern end, where Mr. Robi- 
 son resided, so he sought to have the local seat of govern- 
 ment removed to a more central locality; failing in this, he 
 began working to have the county divided, in which he was 
 successful, and was honored by the Legislature in being per- 
 mitted to name the newly created county, together with its 
 first set of officials; he called the county Wayne, after one of 
 his sons (who was afterward accidentally killed), and at the 
 first regular election, held the following November, he was 
 elected county superintendent of schools, a position which, by 
 subsequent elections, he continued to hold for eight years, and 
 then declined to accept another nomination, although upon the 
 removal of his successor from the county, he finished his 
 term by appointment and is still retained on the board of ex- 
 aminers. He was a member of the Constitutional Conven- 
 tion of 1895, represented his district in the State Legis- 
 lature of 1903 and was one ot the "Big Five" of that ses- 
 sion, all the other House members belonging to the opposite 
 political party Republican. 
 
 At present Mr. Robison is President of the Wayne 
 Stake of Zion, a position in which he was called to act when 
 the stake was organized by his Church in 1893. He has 
 filled many positions of trust, both appointive and elective, 
 and has never yet met defeat at the polls. This he attributes 
 to the fact of belonging to that class which Abraham Lincoln 
 designated as the "common people." His sympathies have 
 always been with the laboring class as against the wealthy, he 
 loves best to associate with them and they are his friends. 
 He is conservative in his views and expressions, never made 
 
 37 
 
570 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 a political speech in his life, and never had a lawsuit or a 
 referee case. He tills the soil for a livelihood, teaches his 
 family that all honorable work is commendable, and an hon- 
 est man is the noblest work of God. He is a writer of some 
 ability, and among his productions numerous poems have 
 appeared, which entitle him to a place in the literary corner 
 assigned to the poets of Utah. He is now and always has 
 been an active factor for good in every community in which 
 he has resided. 
 
 WILLIAM VAN DYKE. 
 
 IF HE were now alive Mr. Van Dyke would be 72 years 
 old, having been born in Philadelphia that long ago. When 
 
 ten years of age his step- 
 father and mother moved to 
 Nauvoo, Illinois, where they 
 lived for seven years, having 
 previously embraced the 
 faith of the Latter - day 
 Saints. One of his bitter 
 experiences there, conspicu- 
 ous among the many, was 
 seeing Joseph and Hyrum 
 Smith taken to Carthage 
 jail alive and brought back 
 dead. The family joined in 
 the general exodus, and at 
 Mt. Pisgah the responsibili- 
 ty for everything was thrown 
 upon the young man through 
 WH.LIAM VATT DYKE. the enlistment of the others 
 
 in the famed Mormon Battalion in 1847. They soon went 
 on to Council Bluffs and awaited there the return of the father 
 the following year. The young man made the trip as far as 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 571 
 
 Sweetwater with the company headed by Brigham Young 
 in 1848, then returned to help the family along. The next 
 year he came through with the train that brought the first lot 
 of merchandise to Utah, for Livingston & Kincaid, arriving 
 September 2Oth. The old folks came on the next year and 
 lived in Salt Lake City a while, then going to Lehi, two years 
 later going south to help settle Cedar City. The young man 
 went to them in 1853, but soon returned to Lehi and settled 
 there, took a farm on shares and prospered right along. The 
 Indians were continually troublesome, and in one fight in 
 which he participated at Pelican Point, three men of his com- 
 pany were killed. In 1854 ne went with a company under 
 Bishop David Evans to Snake Creek, west of White Moun- 
 tain, now the boundary between Utah and Nevada, and while 
 here some members of the party himself among them 
 found by accident a big piece of ore, which being broken 
 open, fairly sparkled with gold. They did not look for its 
 source and were soon recalled. Although the region has 
 been noted for its gold production for years, and many parties 
 have gone out searching (the writer has gone five times), 
 nothing even remotely resembling the nugget spoken of has 
 ever been found where they were. 
 
 Returning again to Lehi, Mr. Van Dyke was married to 
 Charlotte Pixton on December 27, 1856, and two years later 
 moved to Plain City, Weber County, where they lived till 
 1864, when .they went to Ogden and stayed there till 1890, 
 when the final move was made to Salt Lake City, where the 
 wife died November 12, 1892. They had ten childen, six of 
 them boys. He was engaged at different times in numerous 
 enterprises, in all of which he was successful, and was known 
 to all as an honest, upright man. He died January 18, 1901. 
 
 D. H. PEERY. 
 
 THOSE who knew David Harold Peery in his lifetime 
 were acquainted with a man whose breadth of view and 
 
572 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 faculty of accomplishment were unsurpassed. He was born 
 in Tazewell County, Va., on May 16, 1824. His parents 
 were Major David Peery and Eleanor H. Peery. His early 
 boyhood was spent in the State of his birth and Kentucky, 
 his education, which began in the common schools, being 
 completed in the Emery and Henry College in 1842-3. From 
 1844 to 1845 he taught school, and the following year drifted 
 
 into merchandising with his 
 brother John D.,in the county 
 where he was born. He al- 
 so conducted a bank until 
 1861, when the war broke 
 things up generally, and a 
 year later he enlisted himself 
 with the gallant men who 
 went afield under the Stars 
 and Bars, becoming assist- 
 ant commissary under Gen. 
 Humphrey Marshall. He 
 embraced the faith of the 
 Latter-day Saints the same 
 year and came to Utah in 
 1864, reaching Salt Lake 
 City on August 31. In Oc- 
 tober, 1866, he moved to 
 his death, which occurred 
 
 D. H. PEERY. 
 
 Ogden and remained there till 
 September 19, 1901. 
 
 Mr. Peery came of a wealthy and influential family and 
 was himself a man capable of acquiring great means and in- 
 vesting them wisely. His home at Ogden the Virginia 
 is in some respects the grandest and largest residence in the 
 State. He engaged in several lines of business, notably 
 milling and merchandising, for several years was President 
 of Weber Stake of Zion, and served two terms in the 
 Territorial Legislature with decided ability. The writer en- 
 joyed a personal acquaintance with him, and always found 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 573 
 
 him one of the most hospitable and entertaining men in the 
 country; he exemplified in everything the typical Southern 
 gentleman and had a host of friends wherever known. 
 
 (An account of Mr. Peery's marriage appears in a previ- 
 ous chapter relating to Mrs. Peery). 
 
 JOHN BECK. 
 
 IN THE eighth volume of the "National Cyclopedia of 
 American Biography" the above-named gentleman is set 
 
 down as a "miner, finan- 
 cier and philanthropist," 
 and those who know him 
 best will be disposed to 
 give ready assent as to all 
 the designations. He is 
 a son of John and Caro- 
 line Beck, and was born 
 in Aicheberg, Wurtem- 
 berg, Germany, on March 
 19, 1843. The family 
 were noted for their thrift 
 and the parents conspicu- 
 ous for their educational 
 and charitable work. Be- 
 ing of an adventurous dis- 
 JOHN BECK. position, he started out at 
 
 an early age to do something for himself, and showed good 
 business aptitude as well as the faculty of acquiring languages. 
 In 1862, while in French Switzerland, he became a con- 
 vert to Mormonism and succeeded in bringing his family into 
 the fold, afterwards engaging in missionary work and suffer- 
 ing persecution of various kinds. In 1864 he set sail for the 
 
574 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 United States and arrived in Utah in October, having crossed 
 the plains with ox teams. Here he underwent the varying 
 experiences of the time, some of his adventures with Indians 
 and otherwise belonging in the hair-breadth escape depart- 
 ment, having fought in the Black Hawk war (elsewhere 
 spoken of), and lost all his property. In 1865 he located in 
 Lehi, where he leased a farm and engaged in sheep raising 
 and other pursuits, being successful :\s usual. In 1870, the 
 Tintic discoveries drew him there, and he invested in the 
 Eureka mine, but lost his time and labor and $6,000 besides. 
 Nothing daunted, he continued his researches, and one day 
 happened upon a projecting ledge which his instincts told him 
 was the outcrop of a great deposit of wealth. He located 
 it, and here we have the beginning of the famed Bullion-Beck 
 mine, which has contributed so many millions to the wealth 
 of the country. Lately his fortunes have fluctuated some- 
 what and his wealth has dwindled, but his spirit is yet un- 
 daunted and he pushes ahead as determinedly and confidently 
 as of yore. He has owned any amount of property, has in- 
 vested in most of the great enterprises of the State, and heM 
 positions of large responsibility and confidence. His phil- 
 anthropic nature and readiness to assist those who" have any 
 showing of merit have made him too oft a victim, but those 
 who know and appreciate him have faith that the future con- 
 tains much that is good for him. 
 
 W. L. AND B. L. CROFF. 
 
 WILLIAM LUTHER CROFF was born in the town of 
 Northfield, Summit County, Ohio, on March 25, 1840; his 
 parents being William C. and Julia A. B. Croff. The family 
 moved into the wilds of Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, 
 in 1847, and in 1851 another move was made, this time to 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 575 
 
 Noble County, Ind. Two years later the moving impulse 
 was again in the ascendant, and the family landed in Cass 
 County, Iowa. The father being a blacksmith and wagon- 
 maker opened up a shop on a large scale, with William as 
 his principal helper. A large business was done, principally 
 through the California and Utah emigrants, for two years, 
 when they moved to the western part of the State, where, 
 the regulation two years again expiring, Kansas then a 
 territory just emerging from the "Jim Lane war" was set- 
 tled in. William worked on 
 the Hannibal & St. Joe rail- 
 road till the civil war broke 
 out, when he became a re- 
 cruiting worker, and subse- 
 quently for a short time was 
 in Price's and McCullough's 
 Confederate army of inva- 
 sion. Returning home he 
 found the family property 
 destroyed and the home 'sac- 
 rificed tor just enough to 
 take them back to Iowa. In 
 1862 he determined to goto 
 Pike's Peak, and took a con- 
 tract with Alex. Majors to 
 drive an ox team. Getting 
 as far as Ft. Laramie he got 
 the Salmon River gold fever, 
 and on short notice took his 
 leave, and on foot and alone trudged along the Platte through 
 a hostile Indian country, his only solace being his violin. He 
 soon had the good fortune to strike an emigrant company of 
 thirty-eight wagons headed for Salmon River and Utah, and 
 on August 25, 1862, landed at Provo, Utah, concluding to 
 remain there for the winter. He went to work, was kindly 
 treated and was soon, by investigation and attention, a con- 
 
 w. i,. CROFF. 
 
576 VI AH AS IT IS. 
 
 vert to the faith of the Latter-day Saints> joining the Church 
 the following spring. After farming for three years he went 
 to Montana and there and in Sweetwater, Wyo., followed 
 mining. In 1868 he went with others to the head of Green 
 River, Wyo., for ties for the Pacific railway, and in 1869 he 
 and Ben took a contract for grading through some of the 
 heaviest rock work on Promontory Point, Utah, which they 
 successfully performed. 
 
 In November, 1869, William and his two brothers went 
 prospecting, and among others discovered Eureka Hill, Tin- 
 tic, and worked there for three years with indifferent success. 
 He followed various occupations till 1875, when he started for 
 St. George to work on the Temple, and on the way found 
 some rich silver ore at what subsequently became known to 
 the world as Silver Reef, his being the first location ever 
 made in that wonderful place. After filling an industrial mis- 
 sion to Mt. Trumbull he returned to mining in Tintic. From 
 1882 to 1889 he lived in Minersville, where he served as jus- 
 tice of the peace and engaged extensively in mining in Lin- 
 coln, having done very well at times and being the largest 
 holder of property there now. In 1899 he moved to Eureka, 
 where he has continuously engaged in mining and merchan- 
 dising. He served a term as City Councilman, and has 
 been counselor to the Bishop since 1900. It may here be 
 mentioned that Mr. Croff has contributed extensively to the 
 building of every temple in the State, and is exceedingly 
 liberal in all his transactions. 
 
 BENJAMIN LEWIS CROFF, a small part of whose story 
 is told in the foregoing sketch of his brother, was born March 
 6, 1847, in Northfied, Summit County, Ohio. He came to 
 Utah in 1864, but for several years has resided at Colonia 
 Juarez, Mexico, near which he is and from the first has been 
 
POUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 
 
 577 
 
 extensively interested in mining. Prior to that time he lived 
 
 in Minersville, Utah, where his unsurpassed ability as a black- 
 smith and miner brought 
 him no small degree of 
 prosperity. He and W. L. 
 located the noted Creole 
 mine in Lincoln district, and 
 from it they have taken 
 ore running about $1,000 
 a ton; they still hold a 
 large interest in it. Previ- 
 ous to this, however, Ben 
 had extensive mining ex- 
 perience in Colorado in 
 1862-3-4. He has been a 
 married man since a short 
 time after his advent in 
 Utah, and is the father of 
 several bright children. He 
 is a kindly disposed man 
 to everybody and afraid of 
 nobody, a faithful member 
 
 of the Church of the Latter-day Saints, and stands well in 
 
 all places where he is known. 
 
 B. i,. CROFF. 
 
 CHARLES LAJMMERSDORF. 
 
 No NAME is more conspicuous in mining circles in Utah 
 than that of Mr. Lammersdorf. He is one of the pioneers 
 of that great industry and a very successful one. He came 
 here in 1872 and has remained with us ever since. His first 
 stand was in Tintic, where he engaged in the hotel business 
 and merchandising, being also postmaster. When the won- 
 ders of Silver Reef broke upon the world Mr. Lammersdorf 
 
578 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 was early upon the ground, being in .fact ,one of the first to 
 engage in practical operations there, his field subsequently 
 taking in Frisco, Beaver Lake, Washington and finally Gold 
 Mountain, where is located the property of the Sevier Min- 
 ing and Milling Co., of which he was one of the founders 
 and in which he became the sole owner; a deal for it has 
 been made and payments are going on at stated intervals. It 
 is a gold proposition and very valuable. 
 
 Mr. Lammersdorf was born on the banks of the historic 
 
 CHARLES LAMMERSDORF. 
 
 MRS. CHARLES LAMMEKSDORF. 
 
 Rhine, in Prussia. He was married on March 19, 1860, to 
 Miss Walburga Koch, and came to America on December 
 3ist of the same year. He lived in New York until the 
 civil war broke out, passing all through it. From there he 
 went to Chicago and lived there for several years. Thence 
 he went to Omaha and built one of the largest hotels in ex- 
 istence at the time, and finally came westward, landing in 
 Utah as stated. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Lammersdorf have had great, almost 
 crushing bereavements, in the loss by death of all their eight 
 children, three boys and five girls, the youngest two being 
 
FOUNDERS AND BUILDERS. 579 
 
 interred in the Salt Lake City cemetery. The parents, how- 
 ever, promise to see a great deal more of this world's pro- 
 ceedings before going to another. They have a host of 
 friends here and wherever else they have lived. Mr. Lam- 
 mersdorf is a whole-souled, genial man, a friend to everybody 
 and a foe to none. His greeting is a regular tonic, and his 
 heartiness of manner insures him a welcome wherever he 
 goes. He is 7 years old, his wife 64. 
 
 ,SEGO LDUY, UTAH STATE FI.OWER, 
 
MINISTRY AND MISSIONS. 
 
 SOME REPRESENTATIVES OF GOSPEL WORK- 
 ERS ALONG DIFFERENT LINES. 
 
 HpHOSE who are devoting the greater part or all of their 
 
 *" time to the work of the spiritual welfare of mankind 
 
 are as numerous in proportion to population, as diversified in 
 
 beliefs and practices and as 
 zealous in their ministrations in 
 Utah as elsewhere in the 
 civilized world. The limits of 
 space imposed upon this vol- 
 ume as a whole and thereby 
 this department particularly 
 make it necessary to observe 
 the rule elsewhere obtaining by 
 giving special notice of a few, 
 these being, as nearly as possi- 
 ble representative of all. It is 
 also the case, as elsewhere, that 
 the order of mention has no 
 significance, the first one hav- 
 ing been received before any 
 practical work was done on 
 TYPICAL YOUNG MORMON the volume, the others being' 
 MISSIONARY. secured at subsequent and dif- 
 
 ferent dates, these being, as nearly as possible, in the order of 
 reception. 
 
MINISTRY AND MISSIONS. 
 
 581 
 
 The work of the ministry and those who are working in 
 the mission field involves some opposition and occa- 
 sionally a little contention, 
 here and elsewhere; but 
 with that this work is not 
 concerned. So long as each 
 is striving in accordance 
 with his best habits to do 
 good a mention is cheerfully 
 given. 
 
 It must be understood 
 in this connection that all 
 the missions and all the min- 
 isterial work alluded to, even 
 by Utah people, are not 
 located in Utah, although 
 chiefly directed from here. 
 There are thousands of 
 young, middle-aged and el- 
 derly members of the Mor- 
 KATHER GUINAN (CATHOLIC.) mon Church spending their 
 
 whole time in foreign lands and in other[States, in the great 
 work of bringing sinners to repentance and making better 
 those who are already good, all this without money and with- 
 out price. They are a goodly band whose reward will not 
 be that of money or earthly honors. 
 
 JOHN NICHOLSON. 
 
 [Portrait on page 157.] 
 
 AMONG those whose lives are devoted chiefly to the 
 spiritual welfare of their fellow men, the name* of that sturdy 
 Latter-day Saint, that true friend, that sterling citizen and 
 talented worker whose name appears above is conspicuous. 
 While the great raid, having in view the "regeneration" of 
 
582 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Utah by sending her best citizens to the penitentiary, was at 
 its height, Elder Nicholson was naturally selected as a victim; 
 not only was he sought, but found. The officers knew where to 
 go when they wanted him, and were quite sure he would not 
 disappoint them by being somewhere else at the appointed 
 time; for this reason, perhaps, he was not among the earlier 
 victims. When the time came he was on the way from 
 home to his editorial desk in the Deseret News office, and the 
 whole affair went through so quietly that it didn't seem to be 
 at all out of the ordinary. Neither the process servers nor 
 the prosecuting attorneys had any trouble whatever; on the 
 contrary, while not shielding himself in the smallest measure 
 he arranged with the prosecutors to shield his wives, his con- 
 duct in tnis respect being in bold and refreshing contrast to 
 that of a few others. He told the attorneys that if they 
 would leave his family out of it he would place himself upon 
 the stand and give them all the evidence they required. It 
 was a risky thing for them to do or would have been ordi- 
 narily but they knew they were dealing with a man whose 
 word was a sacred pledge, and so accepted his offer. As a 
 witness Mr. Nicholson "extenuated nothing nor set down 
 aught in malice;" his wives were his wives, their children 
 were his children and that was all there was of it no apolo- 
 gies, no dodging, no nonsense. In sentencing him to the 
 customary six months imprisonment and a fine of $300 and 
 costs, Judge Zane took occasion to half compliment him 
 upon his speech in reference to the question whether or not 
 the defendant had anything to say. He had, and said it, not 
 offensively, presumptuously or dramatically, but plainly, can- 
 didly and pointedly. 
 
 Mr. Nicholson is a native of Scotland, his birthplace be- 
 ing St. Boswells, Roxburgshire; the time, July i-}, 1839. 
 His parents were John Nicholson and Elizabeth Hewison. 
 The most of the lad's childhood, after reaching the age of 
 ten, was passed in Edinburgh. The parents being poor his ed- 
 ucational advantages were limited but he made the best use of 
 
MINISTRY AND MISSIONS. 583 
 
 them, and being a great reader with excellent assimilative 
 faculties he grew up a well-informed man. He first heard 
 Mormonism preached on a highway, and becoming interested, 
 "read up" on it, wiih the result that he was baptized by Elder 
 Robert Hogg on April 8, 1861. He soon gave his whole 
 time to the ministry, in 1864 and 1865 becoming President of 
 the Sheffield and subsequently Birmingham conference, and 
 the following year emigrating to Utah in charge of a com- 
 pany of over three hundred qf his co-religionists. His ex- 
 periences en route were varied and interesting, the inevitable 
 element of hardship largely figuring. Arriving here he en- 
 gaged in various occupations before drifting into journalism, 
 which he did in January, 1868, on the Daily Telegraph of 
 Salt Lake City, although he had previously contributed to it 
 and other publications; going from that paper to the News 
 soon after, he remained with it, with some slight lapses, for 
 twenty-five years. One of these lapses was the six months 
 spent in Uncle Sam's hostelry, during which he had some 
 trying experiences, among them the death of his father and 
 the refusal of U. S. Marshal E. A. Ireland to let him attend 
 the funeral. He afterwards heaped coals of fire on Ireland's 
 head by defending him in a local paper against unjust 
 charges. For the past eleven years Elder Nicholson has been 
 engaged entirely in temple work in Salt Lake City, having 
 charge of an important division thereof. He is one of our 
 best speakers, being forceful, impressive and entertaining; as 
 a writer he is equally gifted. 
 
 With this imperfect sketch and the incidental mention 
 previously made, the reader who does not know him can 
 form a reasonably good idea of this decidedly good man. 
 
 BEN E. RICH. 
 
 THIS stalwart representive of the faith of the Latter-day 
 Saints, being at the head of the Southern States mission, was 
 
584 
 
 UTAH AS IT JS. 
 
 born in Salt Lake City on November^, 1855. He was 
 baptized ten years later and has been a member of the quo- 
 rum of Seventy for twenty-two years. He also spent a year 
 in Montana in missionary work. In his boyhood he was em- 
 ployed for twelve years as a salesman by the great Z. C. M. 
 I. of Salt Lake. He was married to Diana Farr on Decem- 
 ber 27, 1877, and has eight 
 children, six of them boys. 
 Much of his early married 
 life was spent in Ogden, 
 where for several years he 
 followed merchandising, 
 much of the time on his own 
 account. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Ogden City Coun- 
 cil from 1883 to 1885, and 
 was County Recorder from 
 the latter date to 1888. Here 
 he drifted into literature and 
 produced the book "Mr, 
 Durant of Salt Lake City," 
 which presented the doc- 
 trinal features of Mormon- 
 ism in narrative style, and 
 became quite popular, sever- 
 al thousand copies being sold. 
 He also became prominent in politics, being an active worker 
 in the People's parly until its disappearance in 1892, when 
 national lines were drawn a condition of things which he r 
 perhaps, was more instrumental in bringing about than any 
 other man and he entered the ranks of the Republican 
 party where he has remained ever since. In this capacity he 
 became a delegate for six occasions to the National Republi- 
 can league convention. 
 
 In 1893 Mr. Rich moved to Idaho, and at once became 
 prominent in public affairs. He was twice chairman of the 
 
 BEN E. RICH. 
 
MINISTRY AND MISSIONS. 
 
 585 
 
 Republican State committee and executive committee, and 
 was a delegate to the national convention of 1896. After 
 his assignment to his present field he engaged in the publica- 
 tion of the Southern Star, a weekly publication dovoted to 
 the interests of the Church in the South, and remained with 
 it till its suspension. 
 
 Like his noted brother Joseph C., Ben is always in a 
 good humor and is fond of a joke. He is an able speaker 
 and writer and thoroughly in earnest in all he does. 
 
 REV. J. R. GRAEBNER. 
 
 JOHN REINBOLD GRAEBNER, the son of A. L. Graebner, 
 professor of theology and doctor of divinity of Concordia 
 
 Seminary, St. Louis, Mo,, 
 and Anna Schaller, was 
 ushered into this sphere of 
 existence at Watertown, 
 Wis., March 6, 1878. He 
 was educated at the parochi- 
 al schools of Milwaukee and 
 St. Louis, and at the Con- 
 cordia College of Ft. Wayne, 
 Ind., and Concordia Semi- 
 nary of St. Louis. 
 
 In August, 1900, Mr. 
 Graebner came to Salt Lake 
 City, where he assumed the 
 pastorate of the German 
 Evangelical Lutheran St. 
 John's church. From the 
 beginning the services were 
 
 RBV. J. R. GRAUBNBR. hdd .'" the Swedish LlUher- 
 
 an Zion's church edifice, but 
 at" this writing, January, 1904, through the efforts of this 
 
 38 
 
586 
 
 U1AH AS IT IS. 
 
 alert, progressive young pastor, a lot, 6xio rods on Seventh 
 South and State streets, has been purchased, and it is expected 
 that by the fall of 1904 a church building will be erected to 
 cost between $2,000 and $3,000. The German Lutheran St. 
 John's church has a voting membership of 12 members, 45 
 communicant members and a congregation of 85 souls. The 
 average attendance is about 30. 
 
 The Rev. Graebner was married in 1901 to Miss Hed- 
 wig Sievers of Milwaukee, Wis., and their union has been 
 blessed so far with one boy. An engraving of the pastor 
 accompanies this sketch. 
 
 R. F. NESLEN. 
 
 ROBERT FRANCIS NESLEN (familiarly known as Uncle 
 Robert) was born in Lowestoft, Suffolk, England, December 
 
 10, 1832. His parents be- 
 ing Wesleyan Methodists, at 
 the age of sixteen he became 
 a Wesleyan local preacher. 
 In the year 1852 he joined 
 the Mormon Church, was 
 ordained a priest and sent 
 into the ministry in the 
 counties of Norfolk and Suf- 
 folk. In January, 1853, with 
 his parents, six sisters and 
 two brothers, he emigrated 
 to Utah, embarking at Liver- 
 pool on the ship "Golconda," 
 for New Orleans. During 
 the voyage she was dis- 
 masted, having encountered 
 a severe white squall. Pass- 
 R. F. NKSLEN. ing up the Mississippi and 
 
MINISTRY AND MISSIONS. 587 
 
 Missouri rivers via St. Louis to Keokuk, he went thence 
 by ox team to Utah, 1,565 miles, stopping at old Fort Bridger 
 and doing military duty in protecting the emigration from 
 Indian raids. On arriving at Salt Lake City he joined the 
 Tabernacle choir, also the Nauvoo brass band; was com- 
 missioned first lieutenant by Governor Brigham Young and 
 passed through all the vicissitudes of pioneer life, working 
 with pick and shovel, in the canyon, at carpentering, etc. 
 He assisted in building the old Arsenal and Salt Lake The- 
 ater, and after the completion of the latter was prompter, 
 actor and costumer for upwards of nine years. He has crossed 
 the Atlantic ocean nine times, filled four missions to Great 
 Britain, traveling from Land's End, Cornwall, to north of Aber- 
 deen, Scotland, South Wales and nearly every county in Eng- 
 land. He filled a mission in New York, New Jersey and 
 Connecticut. Was appointed Bishop's traveling agent in the 
 years 1860-61 for Utah, Juab and Sanpete counties; was a 
 special guard, in connection with others for years, for Presi- 
 dent Brigham Young, and was one of the marshals of the 
 day at his funeral, representing the High Priests quorum. He 
 was the President's neighbor for twenty-five years, visiting 
 him during his last illness and hoisting the first flag at his 
 death over the Emporium corner on Main and First South. 
 
 REV. A. G. H. OVERN. 
 
 THE Rev. A. G. H. Overn, Lutheran missionary and 
 pastor of "Our Savior's Church," was born in Fond du Lac 
 County, Wisconsin, June 17, 1850. His parents were among 
 the early settlers of the State and were natives of Norway. 
 
 After receiving a common school education he studied 
 at Luther College, Decorah, Iowa, and at Luther Seminary, 
 Madison, Wis., where he graduated in 1879. This seminary 
 is now located at Hamlin, Minnesota. 
 
588 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Mr. Overn's first charge was at Chicago, 111., where he 
 was ordained in the summer of 1879. During the nearly 
 twenty-five years of his ministry he has labored in various 
 fields, especially in the larger cities, until he was stationed at 
 Salt Lake City in the fall of 1900. He represents "The 
 Synod for the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church of 
 America," of which he is a member, and preaches both in 
 the English and Dano-Norwegian languages. 
 
 GRANITE STAKE TABERNACLE, 
 SALT LAKE COUNTY. 
 
THE FINE ARTS. 
 
 HOW THEY HAVE GROWN IN OUR MIDST- 
 THEIR DEVOTEES. 
 
 UTAH is truly a favored land in all respects, and in none 
 more than regarding the fine arts. Already we have 
 several who are noted throughout the civilized world and 
 others coming along whose rare talents will undoubtedly secure 
 for them high places in the temple of fame. In Maud Adams, 
 the actress, and Dallin, the sculptor, for instance, we have 
 representatives who bear aloft our name and fame wherever 
 civilization holds sway; while in painting and music we have 
 a list so long that to make full mention of all would swell the 
 proportions of this book far beyond the limit set for it. 
 Emma Lucy Gates, with her bird-like voice, fine appearance 
 and gentle manners; Emma Ramsey, not less gifted; Lizzie 
 Thomas Edwards, Nellie Druce Pugsley, Agatha Berkhoel, 
 Arvilla Clark, Nannie Tout, Bob Easton and many more of 
 our lyric phenomena with wide and well-earned reputations 
 have not yet fully developed; and such excellent artists as 
 Lorus Pratt, J. T. Harwood, G. M. Ottinger, Harry Culmer, 
 Dan Weggeland, Fred Lambourne, Lee Greene Richards, 
 Mahonri Young, Alma Wright, Edward Evans, Louise Rich- 
 ards, J. L. Fairbanks and Mary Teasdel, with the noted A. 
 L. Lovey, cartoonist, and Clyde Squires, J. S. Sears and 
 Waldo Midgley, illustrators, form a galaxy of which any State 
 
590 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 might be proud even if there were no others, which there 
 are, lots of them. Of musicians, there is no end. Elocution, 
 photography, engraving, etc., have also able and abundant 
 exponents, some of each class being given extended notice 
 that a fair idea may be had of the rise, advancement and at- 
 tainments of all. 
 
 JOHN J. M'CLELLAN. 
 
 IN PRESENTING to our readers a specially selected list of 
 Utah's most talented devotees of art, the name of John Jasper 
 
 McClellan is properly placed 
 among the first. His ability 
 in the realm of music has 
 nothing of the meteoric 
 his brilliance is that of a 
 fixed star growing brighter 
 in the process of develop- 
 ment, and the future for him 
 in his chosen profession is 
 very promising. He pos- 
 sesses in his equipment the 
 radium of exceptional abili- 
 ty, his mastery of the piano 
 and great organ having won 
 for him a reputation un- 
 equaled by any artist of his 
 years a reputation, in fact, 
 such as is seldom earned by 
 
 JOHN j. M'CMJIAAN. the most noted performers 
 
 until the meridian of life is 
 
 passed. Prof. McClellan is not yet thirty years of age, hav- 
 ing been bornat Payson, Utah, April 20, 1874, and sti ^ his 
 position in the musical world is founded on the rock of ac- 
 
THE FINE ARTS. 591 
 
 knowledged success. He is one of those artists who are 
 born, not made; for from early childhood he displayed singu- 
 lar musical ability and began the study of music at the age 
 of ten. Such was his talent that when eleven years old he 
 became organist of the church in his native town. Until 1-7 
 he continued practice upon the piano and organ without a 
 competent teacher, but in July, 1891, he left Utah for Sagi- 
 naw, Michigan, where, for eighteen months, he pursued his 
 studies under that splendid German master, Albert W. Platte. 
 He augmented his studies there by becoming assistant organ- 
 ist of St. Paul's church, and played occasionally in the First 
 Congregational church of the same city. He then entered 
 the newly founded Ann Arbor Conservatory, where he be- 
 came the piano pupil of Johann Erich Schmaal and studied 
 theory and organ with Prof. Stanley, director of the school. 
 A year and a half later the great Spanish pianist, Alberto 
 Jonas, became head of the piano school. Under this able 
 teacher McClellan received exceptional encouragement, and 
 for over two years he was chorister and organist in St. 
 Thomas Catholic church. During his course at Ann Arbor 
 he founded the University of Michigan Symphony Orchestra , 
 and was for two terms president of the Euterpe Musical 
 Club. He also held other important places. The directors 
 of the conservatory desired his retention as one of the faculty, 
 but he declined all offers and returned home. 
 
 In September, 1896, Prof. McClellan opened a studio in 
 Salt Lake City, and for two years was director of music in the 
 L. D. S. College, spending half of his time the year follow- 
 ing in charge of the musical affairs of the B. Y. Academy, 
 Provo, the other half in Salt Lake City with his piano and 
 theory students. In August, 1899, accompanied by his wife, 
 he left for Berlin, where he spent a year with Xaver Schar- 
 wenka, the noted Hungarian pianist, and also under Ernest 
 Jedliczka, the Russian master. On his return to Utah, Prof. 
 McClellan was tendered the chair of music in the State Uni- 
 versity, and was appointed organist at the Tabernacle. Since 
 
592 U1AH AS IT IS. 
 
 his incumbency of the latter position the organ has been re- 
 modeled and improved at an expense of $12,000, and to Prof. 
 McClellan is due the credit for this splendid accomplishment. 
 He it was also who conceived the idea of giving free organ 
 recitals every week in the Tabernacle an institution that has 
 met with the greatest interest and satisfaction. 
 
 As a composer Prof. McClell^n occupies a high plane, 
 many of his compositions having been enthusiastically re- 
 ceived. His classes have been eminenty successful and many 
 of his pupils have been thoroughly equipped for high pro- 
 fessional careers, some at present being in Europe, where 
 they are giving the greatest promise of success and attesting 
 the merits of their fundamental training under his direction. 
 
 MISS GRATIS. FLANDERS. 
 
 THE musical career of this lady extends over a period 
 .of eighteen years, a period teeming with activity and most 
 gratifying success. For the past twelve years as piano 
 teacher Miss Flanders has stood at the head of one of the 
 largest and most active musical clienteles in Salt Lake City. 
 Leaving a large class of promising pupils in Chicago on ac- 
 count of health considerations, she sought this musical center, 
 and since her advent here has been an important factor in 
 the artistic life of this city, and has done much towards 
 creating a musical taste for, and appreciation of, classical 
 music by her frequent public recitals. She has turned out 
 more fine players than many teachers can boast of. Among 
 those who have achieved distinction in the art of piano- 
 forte playing may be mentioned Miss Geneva Ellerbeck, 
 Spencer Clawson, Jr., Miss Irma Watson and Miss Pearl 
 Rothschild, besides many younger performers of note. 
 Musical talent, even of a high order, counts but little in the 
 making of a great educator unless accompanied by pro- 
 fessional enthusiam and a genuine interest in the welfare of 
 
THE FINE ARTS. 
 
 593 
 
 the student. Miss Flanders is an indefatigable worker. Her 
 strong personality and magnetism react on her pupils and 
 inspire them with some of her own love and enthusiasm for 
 
 music,. as is shown by their 
 performances in public. Miss 
 Flanders makes frequent 
 trips east for the purpose of 
 hearing grand opera and 
 keeping herself in touch with 
 musical movements and new 
 ideas. Two seasons ago she 
 spent the summer in Europe, 
 where she had the oppor- 
 tunity of meeting Miszkous- 
 ki, Franz Kullak and other 
 celebrities, as well as of at- 
 tending the Wagner Festival 
 in Bayreuth and hearing 
 opera in Paris. She has oc- 
 cupied the chair of music in 
 Rowland Hall for the past 
 WANDERS. eight years. Miss Flanders 
 
 be^an her study of the piano 
 
 at the age of six in New York City, and for several years was 
 a pupil of the eminent pianist and teacher, Emil Liebling, in 
 Chicago. Much of her success in teaching is due to this 
 noted master. She enjoyed the privilege of studying har- 
 mony with the late Frederic Grant Gleason and Adolph 
 Weidig. Without reference to her musical attainments she 
 is a popular member of society. 
 
 L. A. RAMSEY. 
 
 MR. RAMSEY, portrait and figure painter and brother to 
 Emma Ramsey, the "Utah nightingale," was born in Illinois 
 
594 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 but came to Utah with his parents when but a lad. Was edu- 
 cated in the schools of Payson and the B. Y. Academy of 
 Provo. He began the study of art very young and has been 
 a devoted student ever since. In 1895-6 he attended the art 
 school in Boston, where he distinguished himself in sculpture 
 
 as well as in painting. Af- 
 ter spending several years in 
 the mountains of the West 
 he returned East to spend 
 two years more in the Art 
 Academy of Chicago, and 
 from there went to Paris 
 where he again distinguished 
 himself by taking the high- 
 est honors of any foreigner 
 in the school in the January 
 concour in figure drawing,. 
 1903. While in Paris he re- 
 ceived commissions to paint 
 the portraits of Baron and 
 Baroness Openheim and sev- 
 eral other distinguished peo- 
 ple. On his return to Utah 
 he was given charge of the 
 art department of the L. D. 
 S. University, and appointed by the Governor one of the four 
 artists on the governing board of the Utah Art Institute^ 
 which position he still holds. 
 
 While Mr. Ramsey has specialized on portraits and 
 figures, his landscapes and historical compositions are attract- 
 ing some attention The frontispiece of this book is from 
 one of his compositions. It represents the Pioneers' first 
 view of Salt Lake valley, the recumbent figure in the wagon- 
 being that of President Brigham Young. It tells a story all 
 its own. 
 
 I,. A. RAMSEY. 
 
1HE FINE AR1S. 
 
 595 
 
 AGNES DAHLQUIST. 
 
 Miss AGNES DAHLQUIST has lately returned from a 
 three years' stay in Berlin, Germany, where she studied at 
 the Stearns Conservatory of Music and from which she 
 graduated with great honors. Miss Dahlquist is one of the 
 very few of Utah's musicians who came home with a di- 
 ploma from one of the greatest musical institutions of Europe. 
 She is a native of Utah, having been born in Salt Lake City. 
 
 Her love of music exhibited 
 itself in her earliest child- 
 hood. When about four 
 years old she would steal 
 away and was often found 
 sitting on doorsteps in the 
 dead of winter with tears in 
 her eyes listening to music 
 within. She commenced 
 studying the piano when 
 nine years old; later she 
 commenced studying under 
 Prof. Anthon Pederson, and 
 under his excellent tutorship 
 she advanced to the very 
 front rank of home-trained 
 musicians. She became a 
 very successful teacher and 
 had all the pupils she could 
 handle; in fact, for several 
 months before she went abroad she had to refuse several ap- 
 plications. Besides her regular course in piano, harmony ,theory, 
 etc., at the conservatory, Miss Dahlquist also took private 
 lessons on the piano from the world-renowned master, Xaver 
 Scharwenka, and pipe organ lessons from that greatest of 
 German organists, Prof. Otto Dienel. When about to leave 
 Berlin Miss Dahlquist was offered, through the faculty of the 
 
 AGNES 
 
596 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 Stearns Conservatory, a position as instructor of the piano in 
 the Conservatory of Music of Chicago, but as she would 
 have to enter into an agreement for four years the offer was 
 declined. She is now meeting with good success as teacher 
 of piano, theory and harmony, and has already several very 
 promising pupils that will finish with her before going abroad. 
 
 CHARLES KENT. 
 
 THIS favorite baritone was ushered into the mundane 
 sphere at Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, May i, 1866. He 
 
 got the rudiments of his 
 musical education at the 
 noted Town Hall of that 
 place, where there is a grand 
 organ, and sang there in his 
 boyhood. He came to the 
 United States in 1882, and 
 went to St. Paul and was 
 there during the great fire 
 in which the Union depot was 
 burned. Ogden, Utah, was 
 his next stopping place in 
 September, 1883, and here 
 he led a choir in the Fifth 
 ward for eight years. One 
 day in 1894 he met George 
 Primrose, the noted min- 
 strel, and sang for him, 
 which resulted in Mr. Kent's 
 immediate engagement as 
 -"extra man," a most unprecedented thing and a mark of high 
 appreciation. He rose from that to stage manager and musi- 
 cal director, which he filled for five years; was associated in 
 
 CHARGES KENT. 
 
THE FINE ARTS. 
 
 597 
 
 work with Mr. Hyde of Hyde & Beaman, one of the greatest 
 managerial concerns in the country, and after playing the Keith 
 & Proctor circuit for a season came to Salt Lake for a long 
 stay, and opened his present studio in the Constitution build- 
 ing, where as a vocal teacher he has achieved a wide repu- 
 tation. 
 
 Prof. Kent's soul is in his work and this always counts 
 largely for success. He is one of the most sympathetic of 
 baritones, his singing having a resonant charm that is a de- 
 light to all listeners. He takes pleasure in being recognized 
 as a Utah man and all who know him reciprocate the feeling. 
 
 J. M. CHAMBERLAIN. 
 
 JOHN MARVIN CHAMBERLAIN was born May 27, 1844, 
 in the town of Leicester, England. He left England March 
 
 29, 1853, on the sailing vessel 
 falcon, and was nine weeks on 
 the sea. Came to New Or- 
 leans, then took steamboat up 
 the Mississippi river to Keo- 
 kuk, Iowa; traveled across the 
 plains by ox team to Salt Lake 
 City, Utah, arriving October 
 16, 1853, walking all the way. 
 Like others of that time, he 
 lived through many hard trials. 
 Was married to Louise Raw- 
 lings February 21, 1876, and 
 has seven fine boys to keep up 
 the family name. In 1866 he 
 
 J. M. CHAMB B RI.Am. ^^ . Q ^ g^ JJ^ ^ 
 
 in Sanpete, in Major Casper's company. He always loved 
 music and studied the organ and piano with Prof. Orson Pratt. 
 
598 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 President Brigham Young said he had a future as a musician, 
 which has been fully borne out. He played on the Taber- 
 nacle organ for eight years; has written quite a number of 
 compositions for the piano and organ, two of the most popu- 
 lar being the "Marvin Waltz," which has had five editions, and 
 the beautiful piece entitled "Heart Tones." Prof. Radcliffe 
 said of this last named piece that it is one of the finest ever 
 published in Utah and a credit to the State. Mr. Chamber- 
 lain has written quite a number of popular songs for Sunday 
 school use, among them "Marching Homeward," and "When 
 Jesus Shall Come in His Glory." He has been the leader of 
 the Eighth ward choir over thirty years, and connected with 
 the Eighth ward Sunday school the same length of time. 
 The children all love him. He has taught piano and organ 
 music for over twenty-five years, and is the musician of the 
 firm of Vansant & Chamberlain, No. 51 and 53 Main street, 
 who have sold a large number of pianos and organs all over 
 this Western country. He has thousands of friends whose 
 homes are made happy by his square dealing-.- winning ways 
 and pleasing personality. 
 
 In the earlier years here and during the Indian troubles 
 Mr, Chamberlain acquired the art of expert shooting, which 
 with fishing are his favorite pastimes. He has any number of 
 trophies, such as deer heads, antlers and skins of animals. It 
 should also be said of him that there are no places where enter- 
 tainments have taken place in Salt Lake City in which he has 
 not played for charity, this amounting to many hundreds of 
 times and being a record of its own. Prof. Chamberlain is 
 one of the most approachable and unaffected of the able men 
 before the public. 
 
 JOHN HAFEN. 
 
 MR. JOHN HAFEN, the popular landscape painter, was 
 born in Scherzingen, Canton Thurgan, Switzerland, March 
 
THE FINE ARTS. 
 
 599 
 
 -22, 1856. He emigrated to Utah in 1862. His residence and 
 studio are at Springville, Utah. He studied in the Julian 
 Academy, Paris, under Jules Lefebvre and Ben. Constant. 
 He received the State prize of $500 in 1900, and the medal 
 
 of honor in 1902 from the 
 Utah Art Institute; was 
 awarded the first prize of 
 $100 for the best work of 
 art, and the first prize for 
 the best landscape by the 
 State Fair of 1902. He was 
 decorator of the interior of 
 the Salt Lake Temple, and 
 his really fine achievements 
 are visible wherever one 
 may go. His career is by 
 no means developed, it is 
 only fairly under way. He 
 is one of the men whose 
 genius have shed luster up- 
 on the youngest of the 
 States, and its people are 
 not slow in making due ac- 
 knowledgment of the fact, 
 while hoping that he and all others may receive a full meas- 
 ure of encouragement in the field for which nature has so 
 well equipped them. 
 
 JOHN HAFKN. 
 
 MERCY RACHEL BAKER. 
 
 IN ANOTHER domain of art than that which in this de- 
 partment has already been considered to some extent, a fine 
 figure is here presented. It is that of Miss Mercy Rachel 
 Baker, the principal of the Baker School of Oratory in the 
 
600 
 
 U1AB AS IT JS. 
 
 Templelon building, Salt Lake City. The art to which she 
 has become devoted is one that is of inestimable value to the 
 development of the best manhood and womanhood of the 
 
 State the art 
 of elocution and 
 oratory; and 
 Miss Baker has 
 shown herself 
 to be a con- 
 spicuous suc- 
 cess in her 
 chosen field. 
 
 S^h e was 
 born in Men- 
 don , Cache 
 County, Utah r 
 Sept. 29, 1875, 
 and received 
 her earlier edu- 
 cation in the 
 public schools. 
 After graduat- 
 ing from col- 
 lege, she took 
 up the occupa- 
 tion of teaching, 
 in which she 
 met with re- 
 markable suc- 
 cess. During 
 the years 1894- 
 95 she taught 
 in the Woodruff 
 school at Logan, Utah, and occupied the position of critic- 
 teacher for the normal students of the B. Y. College. Her 
 spare time was passed in the study of literature and ex- 
 
 MERCY RACHEL BAKER. 
 
THE FINE ARTS. 601 
 
 pression, one that was dear to her above all others from early 
 childhood. She spent her summer vacations in the Utah 
 University trying to perfect herself along the lines of litera- 
 ture and psychology. In 1896 she went east and resumed 
 her studies with some of the best doctors and professors 
 there. At Boston she entered the Posse Gymnasium; at Cam- 
 bridge Dr. Sargent's Sanitary Gymnasium and Harvard Uni- 
 versity; and in 1891 she graduated with high honors from 
 the Emerson College of Oratory. After her graduation 
 Miss Baker visited the leading schools, colleges and universi- 
 ties of Boston, Cambridge, New York, Buffalo and Chicago, 
 where she gained much knowledge of methods that was to 
 prove useful to her in the future. Since her return to Utah 
 she has held the position of teacher of oratory and physical 
 education in Preston Academy, Idaho, and in 1903 she came 
 to Salt Lake City, where she established the Baker School 
 of Oratory. Here she is meeting with marked success in her 
 work, so much so that additional help for the ensuing year 
 is contemplated. 
 
 Miss Baker is a well educated, talented and accomplished 
 young lady of rare gifts and excellent qualities of mind and 
 character. Her methods are original, but at the same time 
 strictly psychological and scientific. She has the art of de- 
 veloping power and originality in her pupils, is quick to per- 
 ceive the needs of her students and to adapt her methods to 
 those particular needs. As a reader she possesses marked 
 ability and displays a tact and talent beyond that usually ob- 
 served in this profession. Her work is artistic, sincere and 
 sympathetic, and she interprets the thought, feeling and 
 beauty of the author's words in an artistic, effective and 
 charming manner. That she is a Utah girl is a consideration 
 lending special interest to her work and its success in the 
 domain of art. She is another figure in the splendid galaxy 
 of Utah's talented daughters who add to its reputation as 
 
 30 
 
602 
 
 U1AH AS II IS. 
 
 an art center, and she is likewise one of the self-made women 
 of our State. 
 
 C. E. JOHNSON. 
 
 EVERYBODY in this chain of hills knows genial, pushing 
 'Charley" Johnson. He was launched upon this sea of 
 trouble about 1860, in the city of St. Louis, Mo., and was 
 
 brought to Utah by his par- 
 ents soon after. His father, 
 Joseph E., was one of the 
 noted journalists of his time, 
 having published newspa- 
 pers in Iowa and Nebraska 
 before coming to Utah, where 
 he established the Farmer' 1 * 
 Oracle at Spring Lake, 
 Utah County, afterwards 6W 
 Dixie Times at St. George. 
 He was one of the most 
 pushing, energetic, progres- 
 sive men in Utah, and made 
 the desert literally blossom 
 wherever he went. He had 
 a large and intelligent fami- 
 ly, Charles E. being but one 
 of several sons. The old 
 editor and builder's portrait appears on page 157. 
 
 The subject of this chapter has for years been one of 
 the leading photographers of the Western country, his finely 
 equipped establishment on West Temple street being a fine 
 art gallery as well. It is a favorite resort of the theatrical 
 profession. Acknowledgment is here made of the assistance 
 
 C. E. JOHNSON. 
 
THE UNh AR1S. 
 
 603 
 
 furnished this work by Mr. Johnson, most of the portraits 
 herein contained being the product of his studio. 
 
 J. A. DEBOUZEK. 
 
 THIS noted engraver was born in 1874 * n France. He 
 emigrated with his parents to Nebraska at the age of four, 
 and located on a farm. From his eighth year up to the 
 twenty-fifth he made his way through the public schools and 
 
 took a degree in college at 
 Vallpariso, Ind., and another 
 at the Chicago Art Institute, 
 and traveled as a commer- 
 cial salesman practically all 
 over the United States. 
 After two years spent in 
 Chicago engraving houses, 
 he started the DeBouzek 
 Engraving Co. in Salt Lake 
 City. From that on this 
 house has been a great suc- 
 cess. No competition could 
 stand before it and now it 
 sends work all over the in- 
 termountain country, and 
 owns the finest engraving 
 plant in the West. From a 
 penniless boy at eight 
 years that could neither 
 
 write nor speak English he has worked up to a fine position in 
 the world, though the artistic life is seldom a successful finan- 
 cial one. He owns in addition to the engraving plant some 
 farming lands in Oklahoma and with his successful mining 
 ventures has no regrets because of the artistic life not being 
 an altogether remunerative one. 
 
 J. A, DEBOUZEK. 
 
Part III. Appendix. 
 
 NOTEWORTHY EVENTS OF RECENT OC 
 
 CURRENCE, DROPPED STITCHES AND 
 
 CORRECTIONS. 
 
 IT WAS fondly hoped at the beginning of this work and, 
 in fact, until a long time after, that there would be no 
 need of appendix, addenda or corrections, or anything in that 
 line, but this wish was not to be gratified. The prolonga- 
 tion of the publishing beyond the time at which it was ex- 
 pected the book would appear the end of 1903 has made 
 it advisable to mako mention of some important events occur- 
 ring about and since that time and thus have everything up 
 to date. Also some errors have been disclosed that need 
 attention, these occurring in spite of the closest scrutiny; 
 and though mainly typographical they are in some cases 
 misleading, and under any view of the case are exceedingly 
 annoying. The "dropped stitches," as to data and departures, 
 are gathered up and properly placed in their department, 
 which no doubt will be found quite interesting on its own ac- 
 count and therefore no excuses need be offered for it. 
 
THE WAR FOOTING. 
 
 UTAH'S MILITARY STATUS AND RECORD AT 
 HOME AND ABROAD. 
 
 SHORTLY before the holidays a systematic and sympa- 
 thetic strike broke out in the great coal fields of the 
 southeastern part of Utah and the interior of Carbon coun- 
 ties, this rapidly becoming a menace to law and order. The 
 strikers had determined that their places should not be filled 
 by non-union men, and it was decided upon to call out the 
 armed force of the State, organized as the National Guard of 
 Utah, and this was done. In frigid weather the boys per- 
 formed their duties faithfully for several weeks, until the 
 menace had passed and peace and security were assured, 
 then returned to their homes. They are a fine lot of young 
 men, well commanded, and can be depended upon in any 
 emergency. This introductory statement paves the way for 
 a chapter relating to Utah's general military service and 
 capacity. 
 
 This State has not made much of a reputation in a mili- 
 tant way, because the people as a rule incline to the 
 peaceable side of propositions; yet it has not exempted itself 
 from warlike measures by any means nor have its people 
 been any more backward when there was a call for armed 
 force than have people elsewhere. As a matter of record, 
 for a long period following the first year or two of Utah's 
 settlement, fighting with the aborigines was a common, and 
 for months at a time a continuous, thing; much of this was on 
 account of the Government, for which, as has already been 
 shown, there has been no setttement made. It is to be 
 observed that none of this was sought, the policy being to 
 treat the natives kindly and to meet force with force only 
 
606 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 when compelled to do so, a plan which has produced much 
 more beneficial results than indiscriminate and relentless war- 
 fare ever could have accomplished. 
 
 The ''disloyalty of the Mormons" has been paraded 
 before the public so much by embittered opponents or disap- 
 pointed partisans that it is accepted in some places and by 
 a few people as a matter of course. It is industriously pre- 
 sented though not so industriously as once was the case 
 that the Saints have a government of their own, above and 
 separate from all other governments, that hey are a law 
 unto themselves, and so on. and hence their persecutions in 
 their former homes and in Utah. A part of their disloyal 
 tendencies, it is claimed, is shown in their taking no part in 
 the war of the rebellion, their position being counted worse 
 than that of the rebels themselves because of taking no hand 
 on either side. Perhaps it never occurred to the critics that 
 the same objection might have been urged against the 
 Quakers, but no matter as to that. It ought to be consid- 
 ered, even where it is not, that no call was made on the Mor- 
 mons for aid, that no requisition was made even on the Ter- 
 ritory which they inhabited. Perhaps they would not have 
 responded if such call had been made perhaps they, or some 
 of them, might. It would be charitable as well as legal to 
 give them the benefit of the doubt, especially in view of the 
 antecedent and recent facts that Mormons in large numbers 
 have been enrolled in the armies of the United States and 
 gone forth to fight under its flag at the direction of its offi- 
 cers. Utah, like California, contained a great many Confed- 
 erate sympathizers who. if they had been subjected to a 
 strong enough pressure to make them enter the civil war at 
 all, would unhesitatingly have placed themselves amid that 
 gallant, splendid array over whose serried columns floated 
 the "bonny blue flag," the Stars and Bars of the sunny South- 
 land. From personal observation, which may have been im- 
 perfect because of the extreme youth and equally extreme 
 disloyalty of the writer, he believes that the greater number 
 
1HE WAR P 001 ING. 607 
 
 here inclined sympathetically toward the Confederates, and 
 there were other reasons for this than sheer opposition to the 
 Union cause. In the first place, the matchless unanimity, the 
 uncontrollable enthusiasm, the chivalry, daring and unques- 
 tionable prowess characterizing the Southern armies chal- 
 lenged the admiration of the whole world, while their earlier 
 achievements afield seemed to proclaim them the winners in 
 advance of the desperate game in which so much was at 
 stake. That such people were contemplating the glamour 
 rather than the actuality is neither here nor there; but for that 
 glamour all soldiers would be assassins, all leaders butchers, 
 and all fighting governments despoilers. I have given this 
 as a matter of belief; it remains as a matter of fact that all 
 were not rebel sympathizers, and the ranks of the other class 
 contained some of the biggest and best informed men in the 
 community. Among these were George A. Smith, first 
 counselor to President Brigham Young; President Daniel H. 
 Wells; Thomas Watson, one of the most extensive travelers, 
 experienced business men and best posted citizens in the 
 community; Elias Smith, editor of the Deseret JVcws, and 
 several others. The writer was an apprentice in the News 
 during the greater part of the war, and most of the mechani- 
 cal force looked at things political as he did. One day came 
 the announcement of the capture of Donelson by Grant; the 
 editor came into the composing room with the dispatch, his 
 countenance fairly beaming. "Oh," said he, U I told you fel- 
 lows you had better not be too fast rejoicing over rebel vic- 
 tories. You see the bull dog has got hold at last!" In this 
 connection, it may as well be noted that, whether it is true or 
 not that no Mormons engaged in the civil war, a great many 
 who were on one side or the other have since entered the 
 Church, some of them immediately or shortly after the fight- 
 ing ceased. 
 
 The showing becomes a much better one when it is con- 
 sidered that the Mormons have promptly responded to every 
 call made upon them by the Government, and these have not 
 been so seldom as the antis would have the world believe. It 
 
608 U1AH AS IT IS. 
 
 should further be held in remembrance that Mormons vied 
 with Gentiles in responding to the last calls made, in 1898; 
 that the service of the Mormons was equal to that of any 
 other soldiers in the field and that proportionately as many of 
 them were killed and wounded. Just at this point let us look 
 at another proposition : Some of the boys who went forth 
 to do battle for their country were not only sons of polyga- 
 mists, but polygamous offspring themselves! It is thus shown 
 that lives which the Government did all it could to repress, 
 and whose authors were hounded, imprisoned and fined, were 
 offered and received in defense of its honor and its flag! One 
 of these climbed very high, not only in rank but in achieve- 
 ments ot gallantry and skill on the field of battle; his name is 
 Richard W. Young, and he was a major. A. M. Musser 
 had two sons, both the offspring of polygamous unions, in 
 that army, and there were others, all of whom made splendid 
 records. Let us look at these things occasionally and not 
 quite so often at the other side. 
 
 Returning to the National Guard: The National Guard 
 of Utah was organized pursuant to law in March, 1894. The 
 report of the Adjutant-General, Charles S. Burton, for 
 1902, shows that within a few days of the executive ap- 
 proval of the act providing for the Guard, three companies 
 were mustered in with their full complement of officers 
 and men; and the work of enlistment progressed with 
 such rapidity that within a few months a somewhat imposing 
 brigade, so far as concerns numerical strength and variety of 
 branches of the service, had come into existence. There were 
 no less than sixteen companies of infantry, three troops of 
 cavalry, two batteries of light artillery, together with a signal 
 and a hospital corps, the counties represented in these organ- 
 izations being Cache, Box Elder, Weber, Morgan, Davis, 
 Tooele, Utah, Sanpete, Sevier, Garfield and Salt Lake, the 
 equipment of this large body of men being made possible by 
 the fact that Utah's share of the Congressional appropriation 
 biennially made for the support of the National Guard of the 
 
THE WAR FOOTING. 609 
 
 country, had been accumulating as a credit on the books of 
 the War Department, and it became at once available upon the 
 requisition of the Governor when the bill for the organization 
 of the militia of this then Territory h:id become law. It 
 thus transpired that a sum approaching eight thousand dol- 
 lars could be drawn in ordnance and quartermaster supplies; 
 and this was done, permitting the complete equipment of our 
 forces in arms and other ordnance and the issue to them of 
 the usual requisite portions of the fatigue or service uniform. 
 But the Guard had entered only upon the experimental period 
 of its existence, and great as was the zeal and enthusiasm of 
 both officers and men, these were soon found to be an imper- 
 fect substitute for experience. It became apparent that for 
 the effective maintenance of the organization something more 
 was needed than guns and clothes from Washington. From 
 some source means had to be procured to pay the rent of ar- 
 mories and drill halls; to hire horses for the mounted service; 
 to furnish subsistence and per diem to those called into active 
 service; and to meet the numerous incidental expenses neces- 
 sarily incurred. The generosity of the Legislature at the 
 time was not equal to the ardor of the recruits, doubtless due 
 to a lack of knowledge as to the needs of the situation as well 
 as to a recognition of the state of the treasury. The result 
 was, at any rate, that the different organizations either taxed 
 themselves individually for the means, or suffered in efficiency 
 and interest from the lack of the indispensable facilities above 
 referred to. The path of prudence therefore lay along the 
 lines of retrenchment; and while the legislative appropriation 
 increased with each succeeding session, through a friendly 
 recognition of the unselfish and patriotic service which our 
 young men had undertaken to perform, a reduction in the 
 strength of the organization became a necessity. To the 
 credit of those earlier companies it must be said, however, 
 that nearly all of them served out with honor and with com- 
 mendable efficiency the full term of their enlistment; after 
 which it was comparatively easy to restrain and discourage 
 
610 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 recruiting at remote and unsuitable stations. To give legis- 
 lative sanction to this policy and to emphasize the idea of 
 efficiency rather than numbers, our law-makers have amended 
 the military code from time to time in conformity with the 
 view set forth, until at present the authorized strength of the 
 'organized militia may not exceed ten companies of infantry, 
 two troops of cavalry, two batteries of artillery, and a signal 
 and hospital corps, with a total of about nine hundred men if 
 each organization shall contain its maximum number of mem- 
 bers. This force, or even two-thirds of it, will probably 
 answer, for years to come, every need and requirement of 
 the State. The aim should be to make it compact and effi- 
 cient, and to this end every reasonable encouragement should 
 be extended both officially and on the part of the public gen- 
 erally. 
 
 Other incidents in the history of the National Guard during 
 the eight years of its existence maybe briefly summarized as 
 
 UTAH BOYS IN THE PHILIPPINES. 
 
THE WAR FOOTING. 
 
 611 
 
 follows: Some of its companies have on different occasions 
 performed duty in connection with other threatened riots or 
 danger to the public peace and good order, in each case man- 
 ifesting great prudence and discretion in the delicate service 
 required. It has been assembled five times in general 
 encampment for instruction, besides three or four times as 
 battalions or by company for instruction in camp duty. It 
 furnished from its commissioned strength almost every officer 
 who served with Utah's volunteers in the recent war with 
 Spain, as well as a large proportion of the enlisted men of 
 those organizations, whose glowing record for patriotism and 
 gallantry will ever find a place in the annals of the Nation and 
 in the hearts of the people of this State; while in the some- 
 times exacting duties required in time of peace, such as turn- 
 ing out for parades, processions and other occasions of cere- 
 mony, there has always been a ready willingness to respond, 
 at whatsoever personal inconvenience and frequently at con- 
 siderable individual expense. 
 
 The organized strength of the Guard at present, as 
 shown from the latest returns and muster rolls of the organi- 
 zations, is as follows: 
 
 
 Date of 
 Enlistment. 
 
 Station. 
 
 Commis- 
 sioned 
 Officers. 
 
 Non-Com- 
 missioned 
 Officers 
 and 
 Privates. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Gen. Staff and Field 
 Officers and Staffs 
 
 
 Salt Lake. 
 
 22 
 
 
 22 
 
 Signal Corps 
 
 Nov 1 3 '04 
 
 Suit Lake 
 
 
 2O 
 
 27 
 
 Hospital Corps 
 
 Feb *Q7 
 
 Salt Lake 
 
 
 I 3. 
 
 tl 
 
 Company B 
 
 Oct IQ 'Q? 
 
 Bountiful 
 
 i 
 
 CQ 
 
 C7 
 
 Company F 
 
 Nov 24 '97 
 
 Manti 
 
 I 
 
 74 
 
 7C 
 
 Battery A 
 Company H 
 
 Sept. 16, 'oo 
 Jan 21, '01 
 
 Salt Lake. 
 Salt Lake 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 55 
 
 ^8 
 
 g 
 
 Company G 
 
 April 9, '01. 
 
 Provo 
 
 7 
 
 c7 
 
 60 
 
 Company A 
 Troop A . ... 
 
 April 27, '01. 
 Feb 18 '02 
 
 Nephi 
 Salt Lake 
 
 2 
 
 42 
 
 44 
 
 07 
 
 ist Infantry Band 
 
 Nov. '02 
 
 Salt Lake 
 
 
 IQ 
 
 O/ 
 IQ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 
 
 47 
 
 4O2 
 
 44.C 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
612 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 The names of the commissioned officers of the National 
 Guard of Utah are as follows: 
 
 GOVERNOR'S STAFF. 
 
 Gen. C. S. Burton, Adjutant General Salt Lake City 
 
 Col. N. W. Clayton, Quartermaster General " ' " 
 
 Col. S. H. Pinkerton, Surgeon General ' " " 
 
 Col. Benner X. Smith, Judge Advocate General " " " 
 
 Col. W. J. Shealy, Commissary General Ogden, Utah 
 
 Col. Geo. A. Seaman, Ins. Gen. Target Practice Abraham, Utah 
 
 Lt. Col. E. S. Ferry, Aide-de-Camp Salt Lake City 
 
 Lt. Col. John D Spencer, Aid-de-Camp " " 
 
 General John Q. Cannon, Brigadier General ** * * 
 
 BRIGADE STAFF. 
 
 Lt. Col. H.M H. Lund, Asst, Ins. Gen. Act. P. M Salt Lake City 
 
 Lt. Col. W. F. Beer, Asst. Surgeon General ' " " 
 
 Lt. Col. J. D. Ford, Asst. Ins. Tar. Practice " " " 
 
 Major S. A King, Judge Advocate Provo, Utah 
 
 Major R. J. Glendenning, Aid-de-Camp Salt Lake City 
 
 Major E. S. Woodward, Aid-de-Camp " " ' 
 
 Lt. Col. J. A. Greenwald, ist Inf. " " " 
 
 FIRST INFANTRY STAFF. 
 
 Major L. S. Heywood, ist Battalion, ist Inf Bountiful, Utah 
 
 Major Wm. T. Dunn, 2nd Battalion, ist Inf Nephi, Utah 
 
 Major C. M Benedict, Regimental Surgeon Salt Lake City 
 
 Capt. Sam S. Porter, Quartermaster * " " 
 
 Capt. F. S. Munn, Adjutant " " " 
 
 Capt. C. W. Bewman, Asst. Inf. Rifle Practice " " " 
 
 UNB OFFICERS. 
 
 Capt. W. C. Webb, Battery A., Lt. Arty Salt Lake City 
 
 Capt. W. C. Andrews, Company A, ist. Inf Nephi. Utah 
 
 Capt S. J. Ulman, Troop A, ist. Cav Salt Lake City 
 
 Capt. G . N. War wick, Company D, ist. Inf. " " " 
 
 Capt. Lamoni Cill, Company E. ist. Inf. Bountiful,Utah 
 
 Capt. Fred. Kammerman, Company F., ist. Inf. Manti, Utah 
 
 Capt.R H. Thomas, Company G, ist Inf Provo, Utah 
 
 Capt. W. G. Williams, Company H, ist Inf Salt Lake City 
 
 Capt. A. A. Smith, Signal Corps " " " 
 
 ist. Lieut. H L Hennings, Dattery A " ' 
 
 " " W. E. Kneass, Battery A ; " " ' 
 
 ' " E. V. Smith, Troop A " u 
 
 " J A. Hyde, Company A Nephi, Utah 
 
 " " O. H. Hassing, Company I) Salt Lake City 
 
THE WAR FOOTING. 
 
 613 
 
 " " W. P. Whittaker, Company B Bountiful,Utah 
 
 " " David Nielson, Company F Manti, Utah 
 
 11 " O. P. Smoot, Company G Provo, Utah 
 
 " A. B. Pembroke, Company H Salt Lake City 
 
 " " A. J. Skidmore, Signal Corps " " " 
 
 " '' L. H. Bero, Signal Corps u " " 
 
 2nd Lieut Fred U. Leonard, Battery A " ' ' 
 
 " " A. W. Caine, Jr., Troop A " " 4< 
 
 " *' E. D. S. Sorenson, Company A Ne phi, Utah 
 
 " * A. W. Hodgert, Company D Salt Lake City 
 
 11 " Walter Duncan, Company E Bountiful,Utah 
 
 " " Ernest Jorgenson, Company E Manti, Utah 
 
 " ' F. G. Dust, Company G Provo, Utah 
 
 " " F. P. Bassett, Company H Salt Lake City 
 
 The services of the Mormon Battalion, the Black Hawk 
 and other veterans, are elsewhere spoken of. 
 
RECENT EVENTS. 
 
 POLITICAL AND OTHER OCCURENCES WORTHY 
 OF RECORD. 
 
 AS previously indicated, there have been some things take 
 place which could not be presented in the previous 
 chapters by reason of not having occurred when those chap- 
 ters were printed, but which are available now and entitled 
 to mention. Among these are the municipal elections which 
 occurred throughout the State on November 5, 1903, and 
 which resulted, in a majority of cases, in a change in the 
 personnel as well as the policy of administration. In Salt 
 Lake City, for example, the Republicans were completely 
 overthrown, their victorious opponents being about as much 
 surprised as themselves. The Democrats carried all the 
 general offices and six out of fifteen councilmen. The pres- 
 ent city government is as follows, the Democratic councilmen 
 being marked * : 
 
 Mayor, Richard P. Morris; Recorder, John S. Critchlow; 
 Attorney, Charles C. Dey; Auditor, Charles B. Felt; Treas- 
 urer, Fisher S. Harris. Councilmen: T. R. Black, A. F. 
 Barnes,* A. J. Davis, E. H. Davis,* George D. Dean, F. S. 
 Fernstrom,* E. A. Hartenstein,* Thomas Hobday, L. D. 
 Martin, G. M. Neuhausen, Joseph H. Preece, W. J. Tudden- 
 ham,* R. S, Wells,* L. J. Wood, F. J. Hewlett. 
 
 The new Mayor, Richard P. Morris, is a son of Richard 
 V. and Hannah P. Morris, and was born in the city he now 
 
RECENT. EVENTS. 
 
 615 
 
 presides over on December 23, 1857. He was educated in 
 the local schools, and at the early age of thirteen began tele- 
 graphing and railroad work, having remained on the old 
 Utah Central for twenty-five years. Fifteen years ago he 
 quit railroad work and went into the coal business and en- 
 gaged in other enterprises. 
 His rise as an official was 
 rapid and steady, beginning 
 with a term as Councilman 
 from the Third ward, fol- 
 lowed by an election to the 
 office of City Treasurer in 
 1899 and re-election ' m I 9 1 ' 
 on which latter occasion he 
 enjoyed the distinction of be- 
 ing the only man on his 
 ticket who pulled through. 
 In November, 1903, he was 
 nominated for Mayor by 
 the Democratic convention, 
 and though his and his as- 
 sociates' chances were for a 
 while regarded as nil, he 
 succeeded in being elected 
 by the startling majority of over 2,200, his triumph being so 
 pronounced as to carry the whole ticked through. The 
 writer has enjoyed a personal acquaintance with Mayor 
 Morris for many years; in fact, they were telegraphers on 
 the same line for a long time. He is capable and exact in 
 all his doings, a thorough business man and a first-class 
 citizen. 
 
 Charles B. Felt, the new City Auditor, was born 
 in Salt Lake City January i^, 1860. He was educated in the 
 common schools and entered the Deseret University, from 
 which he withdrew at an early age to enter business. He en- 
 tered the employ of Gilmer, Salisbury & Co., then operating 
 
 RICHARD P. MORRIS. 
 
616 
 
 U1AH AS IT IS. 
 
 extensive stage lines throughout the West, in the auditing de- 
 partment. Mr. Felt went to Europe in 'the fall of 1880 in the 
 interest of the Mormon Church, spending two years at the 
 headquarters of the European mission in the financial and 
 
 emigrating department, tak- 
 ing up the position of audi- 
 tor for Gilmer, Salisbury & 
 Co. and some mining cor- 
 porations on his return in 
 1882. In 1888 he became 
 superintendent of the Mon- 
 tana & Arizona Stage Co., 
 continuing headquarters in 
 Salt Lake. Disposing of 
 those interests in 1895, he 
 accepted the position of 
 cashier of the First Bank of 
 Mercur, remaining with that 
 institution during the time of 
 its existence. He was depu- 
 ty County Clerk under D. 
 C. Dunbar during 1897, resigning to accept a position under 
 O. J. Salisbury, acting as his private secretary and as secre- 
 tary and manager of the Groesbeck Co., now occupying 
 the same position in the Salisbury Co., successors to the 
 other. He has occupied several important Church positions, 
 and has been an active worker in the Democratic ranks since 
 the division on national lines. He was a candidate for the 
 suffrages of the people for the first time in the campaign of 
 1903, when he was elected to his present position. 
 
 CHARLES B. KELT. 
 
 OGDEN. 
 
 Mayor, William Glasmann; Recorder, W. J. Critch- 
 low; Treasurer, James Halvorsen; Attorney, J. E. Bagley; 
 Judge, J. A. Howell. Councilmen, R. B. Paine, T. H. Carr, 
 
RECENT EVENTS. 617 
 
 Alex. Moyes, J. E. Williams, William Craig, Harvey Ran- 
 dall, S. W. Chambers, Max Davidson,* J. E. Nye, Rollo 
 Emmett.* 
 
 PROVO. 
 
 Mayor, W. M. Roylance;* Recorder, W. E. Harding; 
 Attorney, Jacob Evans; Justice of the Peace, A. A. Noon; 
 Marshal, W. K. Henry;* Councilmen : Niels Johnson, C. F. 
 Decker,* James Gray,* W. D. Roberts, Jr.,* Jesse Harding, 
 C. H. Miller, A*. L. Booth, J. B. Richmond, E. D. Partridge,* 
 Moroni Snow.* 
 
 LOGAN. 
 
 Mayor, E. W. Robinson; Recorder, Hattie Smith; 
 Treasurer, Lucy F. Pardon;* Attorney, T. E. Keeler;* Mar- 
 shal, Elmer Crockett; Justice of the Peace, L. S. Cardon;* 
 Councilmen: H. E. Hatch,* H. J. Carlisle,* T. H. Smith, 
 William Evans,* John Quayle, John Crawford, Eli . Bell, 
 George Lindquist, James McNeil, N. M. Hansen .* 
 
 SOME PROMINENT RAILROADERS. 
 
 E. E. CALVIN. 
 
 MR. CALVIN was born in Indianapolis, Ind., on Oct. 16, 
 1858, and received his earlier education in the public schools. 
 He enteied the railway service as a telegraph operator on the 
 Big 4 railroad in 1875, an< 3 went to the Union Pacific in the 
 same capacity in April, 1877, remaining there till October, 
 1879. He was appointed superintendent of the Union Pacific 
 coal mines at that time, a position that was held till June, 1881, 
 becoming train dispatcher on the Oregon Short Line in 
 April, 1882, and there remaining till June, 1887. He was 
 
618 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 superintendent of the Missouri Pacific from June, 1887, till 
 
 February, 1891, and filled 
 the same position on the 
 Oregon Short Line from the 
 latter date till June, 1895. 
 He was made general 
 superintendent of the Inter- 
 national and Great Northern, 
 a position that was held from 
 June, 1895, fo March, 1897, 
 on which latter date he be- 
 came general superintendent 
 of the Oregon Short Line, 
 so continuing till May, 1903, 
 and on the i5th of May fol- 
 lowing was assigned to his 
 present station, assistant gen- 
 eral manager of the Oregon 
 Short Line. 
 
 Perhaps no one ever 
 held so many important posi- 
 tions in the same length of time, and certainly no one ever 
 filled them more acceptably, as the steady advancement dis- 
 closes. 
 
 E. CALVIN. 
 
 D. E. BURLEY. 
 
 THIS gentleman, one of the most prominent and popular 
 among the widely known railroad men of the West, is a 
 native of Ohio, having been born in Buller County in 1849. 
 In the spring of 1861 his parents moved to Greencastle, 
 Ind., where he went through the public schools and took a 
 course in Asbury College from 1865 to 1867. He moved to 
 Omaha in the spring of 1870 and lived there till 1873, when 
 he went to Sidney, Neb., with an old frontiersman, remaining 
 
RECEN1 EVENTS. 
 
 619 
 
 there till the next year when he returned to Omaha, and 
 accepted an appointment as deputy sheriff, which place he 
 
 held till Jan. i, 1878. He 
 then went to Spotted Tail Ind- 
 ian agency, 20 miles north 
 of Yankton, Dak., where he 
 had charge of a tradership. 
 The next fall he again re- 
 turned to Omaha, and was 
 ' soon after appointed travel- 
 ing passenger agent for the 
 Union Pacific, with head- 
 quarters at Baltimore, Mary- 
 land, and in charge of all the 
 territory within a great ra- 
 dius embracing all east of 
 Parkersburg, W. Va., and 
 Mobile, La., and south of 
 Philadelphia and Harris- 
 burg, Pa. On July i, 1889* 
 the headquarters were re- 
 moved from Baltimore to 
 
 Philadelphia, and on Jan. i. 1891, he was transferred to Salt 
 Lake City, being promoted to the position of General Agent 
 Passenger Department for the Union Pacific and in charge 
 of the territory between Cheyenne, Wyo., and Huntington, 
 Oregon. On March 17, 1897, he left the Union Pacific and 
 went to the Oregon Short Line as general passenger and 
 ticket agent, the position he now holds and which he has all 
 along held with the greatest of satisfaction to the company 
 *nd the public. 
 
 D. E. BURLEY. 
 
 THOMAS M. SCHUMACHER. 
 
 THIS noted railroad man was born Feb. 16, 1861, at 
 Williamsport, Pa. He commenced railroading in 1879 as 
 
620 
 
 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 telegraph operator. In 1880 he went into train service as 
 fireman and brakeman, and in 1882 returned to office work, 
 where he filled various positions, as bill clerk, cashier and 
 
 chief clerk in C. C. C. & I. 
 offices, St. Louis and East 
 St. Louis, until 1887. From 
 Nov. ist, 1887, to ApriljiSpi, 
 was chief clerk in the Union 
 Pacific office at St. Louis, 
 and from April, 1891, to Oc- 
 tober. 1894, was chief clerk 
 in the general freight office 
 of the Union Pacific at 
 Omaha. In October, 1894, 
 he was appointed general 
 agent of the Union Pacific 
 at San Francisco, remaining 
 there until Nov. ist, 1899. 
 Then went with the Conti- 
 nental Fruit Express Co., as 
 vice-president and general 
 manager, being there for 
 two years. He then returned 
 to the Union Pacific as general agent at San Francisco in 
 November, 1900, remaining there until September, 1901. He 
 was then appointed traffic manager of the Oregon Short 
 Line at Salt Lake City, his present position. That he is a cap- 
 able and satisfactory representative of the great interests 
 which employ him is attested by his steady advancement. 
 
 THOMAS M. SCHUMACHER. 
 
 DANIEL S. SPENCER. 
 
 THIS exceedingly popular railway man first opened his 
 eyes upon this sinful world on June 12, 1857, in Salt Lake 
 
RECENT EVENTS 
 
 621 
 
 City. He went to school at an early age, and acquired as 
 much in the way of an education as the facilities of the time 
 would admit of, meaning a very good one. His first employ- 
 ment was in the Deseret Telegraph Company's office on Main 
 street, where he began in the usual way. It did not take him 
 long to become quite expert in the business, and after some 
 
 two years of such service he 
 was employed, in 1874, by 
 the then Utah Central and 
 Utah Southern railways, the 
 former now the Oregon 
 Short Line and the latter 
 the San Pedro. His rise 
 was continuous and rapid, 
 filling all the minor stations 
 until 1877, when he was ap- 
 pointed ticket agent, then 
 train dispatcher and then 
 chief clerk of the passenger 
 department. On the absorp- 
 tion of the two roads named 
 by the Union Pacific he be- 
 came chief clerk in the 
 passenger department of the 
 mountain division, holding 
 this place till March, 1897, 
 when the Oregon Short Line, having been detached from 
 the Union Pacific, he became chief clerk to Mr. Burley, 
 elsewhere spoken of at length. On March 4, 1901, Mr. 
 Spencer was promoted to the responsible station he now holds 
 assistant general passenger agent. 
 
 It is a needless task to set forth a person's merits when 
 a statement of his career so well discloses them. The writer 
 worked in the office where Mr. Spencer began his business 
 career and can cheerfully testify that no more attentive, up- 
 right, affable boy ever rendered service anywhere within the 
 
 DANIEL S. SPENCER. 
 
622 
 
 I TAH AS IT IS. 
 
 writer's knowledge. These qualities have followed him into 
 manhood and grown with his growth, and he is respected by 
 all who know him. He is a married man with a goodly fam- 
 ily, and is quite as favorably regarded as a citizen as in his 
 business callings. It is safe to say that he has by no means 
 reached the summit of his career. 
 
 LEHI SUGAR FACTORY. 
 
DROPPED STITCHES. 
 
 A FEW LITTLE MATTERS OVERLOOKED AND 
 UNDERLOOKED IN PREVIOUS CHAPTERS. 
 
 IN THE second line of Congressman HowelFs sketch on 
 page 412, the reader will please strike out "was moved" 
 and insert in lieu thereof "his parents moved to Wellsville, 
 of course taking him with them." No mention is made of 
 Mr. Howell's mercantile career in that place, which was very 
 extensive, successful and long continued. 
 
 UTAH once had a county which is not elsewhere named 
 herein, bearing the musical name of Shambip. That the peo- 
 ple of the early days were somewhat short on eatables, wear- 
 ables, lucre and in fact all things tending to make life enjoy- 
 able is well enough known; but that they were as hard up 
 for names as the foregoing circumstance would indicate is not 
 so well understood. 
 
 TOWARD the beginning of this book is a picture of the 
 "first house in Utah," which it seems was not the first one, 
 there being a record of one or two other structures which 
 were called houses, for want of a better name, perhaps. The 
 picture represent the first house in Salt Lake City at least* 
 
024 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 IN A flight of rhetorical fancy, on page 99, the writer 
 declares that "white-throated peace perches upon the ram- 
 parts of the State." Perhaps the bird is there yet; but at this 
 particular writing she must wear a troubled look at times and 
 seem as if she thought some of taking a little fly just for 
 exercise. She will settle down again, though. 
 
 THE house on page 201, labeled as that of H. C. Ward- 
 leigh, belongs to Dr. A. S. Condon, statesman, physician and 
 all-round good man. He and his family live in the place, of 
 course. 
 
 IN THE mention of Joseph F. Smith as a boy, eight years 
 old, driving h ; s mother's team (page 363), he is pronounced 
 the youngest teamster in the business. It appears, however, 
 that F. M. Lyman at the same age drove a team entirely 
 across the plains. 
 
 ON PAGE 406, after the caption "William H. King," in- 
 sert "ex-Representative to Congress;" and on page 408, after 
 the caption "James T. Hammond," insert "Secretary of 
 State." 
 
 AMONG the sweet singers of Utah, many of whom are 
 named on page 589, should be placed the name of Viola 
 Pratt Gillette, now well and properly advanced in profes- 
 sional life. 
 
 AMONG those entitled to mention in the ministry depart- 
 
DROPPED STITCHES. 625 
 
 merit, as well as on general principles, is Lycurgus A. Wil- 
 son, of Salt Lake City, a faithful worker for many years. He 
 is a native of Utah, having been born at Salem in 1856. He 
 was a telegraph operator at fifteen and taught school for 
 twelve years. He studied law for three years with Judge 
 Booth of Provo, and went to Mexico with John W. Young as 
 his attorney. After a year's stay business affairs collapsed 
 and returning here went to work as a book-keeper in the 
 office of Bishop Preston until the opening of the Temple, 
 when he took a place in it and has remained there ever since. 
 He is a faithful, upright man. 
 
 SEVERAL newspapers have been started of late, chief 
 among them being the daily Ogden State Journal, an out- 
 growth of the weekly by the same name. The stalwart son 
 of Utah, F. J. Cannon, who brings to journalism the qualities 
 of a statesman, is editor, the management being as formerly. 
 It is Democratic in politics. t^ftDCTOf t Llbflfo 
 
 The morning Examiner, also of Ogden and also Demo- 
 cratic, a well-appearing, well conducted sheet, became a more 
 recent entity in the field. 
 
 The Christian Advocate and Children^ friend, both of 
 Salt Lake, are entitled to mention. So is the Crisis a very 
 recent Socialist production of the same place. 
 
 The Manti Free Press has disappeared from the scene, 
 the Messenger having absorbed it, the latter being now con- 
 ducted by N. P. Nelson. 
 
 The Tri-City Times, weekly, issued at American Fork 
 by J. T.Jakeman, is the newest venture to record in this line. 
 
 WHILE two or three female doctors are mentioned in 
 these pages, they are spoken of chiefly in some other connec- 
 
626 
 
 U1AU AS II JS. 
 
 tion. There is one in Salt Lake who is a Pioneer, a thor- 
 oughly good woman and is devoted exclusively to the prac- 
 tice of medicine, in which she is very successful. Her name 
 is Romania B. Pratt and she is the mother of a large and re- 
 spectable family, among whom is Parley P., headman of the 
 Pratt Drug Co. 
 
 THERE is an Information Bureau, under the auspices of 
 the Mormon Church, near the south entrance of the Temple 
 block, Salt Lake City. Here tourists or anybody else can 
 get all the pointers needed for their immediate guidance. It 
 is conducted by Benjamin Goddard, a capable and obliging 
 man; he and his numerous aides are ever ready to oblige 
 callers without its costing them anything or their receiving 
 pay .otherwise. The non-Mormon element have a similar 
 bureau, but naturally the word given out is different. 
 
 GREAT TABERNACLE ORGAN. 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 HERE is a string of errata for which the writer acknowl- 
 edges no responsibility whatever: 
 
 On page 170, sixth line from the bottom, the name should 
 bej. W. Hughes. 
 
 Page 173, under cut of Phil. Margetts, insert another- t 
 in the surname'. 
 
 On page 386, "Governor Durkel" should be "Governor 
 Durkee." 
 
 Page 390, second line from the top, for 1892 read 1902. 
 
 Page 434? second line ot Aquila N^beker's sketch, 
 "Lovena" should be "Lurena." Some of the matter follow- 
 ing, while relating to Mr. Nebeker, has more application to 
 his father. 
 
 Page 454, Bp. McRae's birth is deferred till the year 
 2846, a circumstance which would deprive us of the good 
 Bishop's company for a long time. Of course the year is 
 1846. 
 
 Page 463, second line from top, for "Herron" read 
 "Huron." 
 
 Page =;2i, third line from top, for i8o7 read i87o. 
 
 CORRECTIONS 
 
 Not appearing in Errata. 
 
 Page 252, "Barratt Hall" should be " Brigham Young 
 Memorial." 
 
 Page 141, third line from bottom, "two" should be "five." 
 
 Page 443, S. W. Stewart . omitted from index. 
 
 Page 481, A. V. Taylor, omitted from index. 
 
 Page 497, "Albert Powers, Physician," should be "Dr. 
 H. J: Powers;" "Sanitary Inspector" should be omitted 
 from first line of sketch, name under portrait and index to be 
 
IN CONCLUSION IN MEMORIAM. 
 
 IT HAS been suggested that the perpetrator of this vol- 
 ume, having said so much about other people, say something 
 about his own career; and as it is a short story and no one 
 else wants to bring up the tail end of the procession, he com- 
 plies. 
 
 The writer of the foregoing chapters (and this one also) 
 happened to the earth about the middle of the last century; 
 which side of the line is unimportant. The place was the little 
 town of St. Francisville, on the Des Moines river, a short 
 distance above where it (the river, not the town) empties into 
 the Mississippi, a place then noted for catfish and Baptists, the 
 writer being neither. 
 
 The father's and mother's Christian names were Foster 
 Ray and Sarah Catherine; the former died at Manti, Utah, 
 on May 27, 1892, the latter at Madisonville, Kentucky, in 
 1857, leaving the writer a thousand miles from home, very 
 young, very small and very tender, conditions which es- 
 pecially as to the latter he has outgrown forlo! these many 
 years. 
 
 Time passed along, as it always does, and the writer 
 went to school. Presumably, he learned something; but it 
 couldn't have been very much, because of his having learned 
 something since and the stock on hand even now not being 
 so extensive as to justify starting an institute on the capital 
 acquired. 
 
 Pretty soon matters got to be warm. The North and the 
 South were saying rude things and doing real mean ones to 
 each other. The grandmother in the case, God bless her, 
 who had been for many years trying to get her wayward off- 
 spring to pull out for the valleys of the mountains, at last 
 
IN CONCLUSION. 
 
 629 
 
 succeeded, and all hands lined out for the land of the setting 
 sun. Within a reasonable time we were upon the broad 
 plains which placed their mighty stretch between us and the 
 place we wanted to get to. After a few weeks' stay at Flor- 
 ence, Neb., then a promising place with as much as seven 
 houses and twenty-four inhabitants, a company was got to- 
 gether and the wide ocean of real estate lying to the west 
 was entered upon. 
 
 The novelty of such experience soon wore away and the 
 experiences became monotonous and fatiguing. Among the 
 boys of the train with whom the writer continually associated 
 were C. Ed. Loose and his brother Warren. The former is 
 
 the well-known millionaire 
 of Provo, whose career is 
 extensively set out in an- 
 other place in this book; the 
 other lives in California, and 
 both are royal good men as 
 they were then royal good 
 boys. When not walking 
 along or sitting down with 
 
 one or both of these, talking 
 tariff or prize fights andswap- 
 ping lies, the writer was in 
 the habit of taking a family 
 heirloom in the shape of an 
 old yager of the time of Te- 
 cumseh and going out hunt- 
 ing, shooting (at) jack rabbits 
 and such. The gun was 
 
 HkC * ^ ^^ P^ '" 
 
 the train a chronic kicker. 
 
 Once, while in a hurry and somewhat nervous, too much 
 powder and shot were tumbled into the ancient piece of ar- 
 tillery and when it went off the writer went down. His 
 guardian angel had provided for him a nice, soft cushion 
 
 THE WRITER. 
 
630 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 omposed of prickly pears, and on this he dropped. He 
 also got up again. 
 
 Occasionally, when quite done up with pedestrianism, the 
 writer was permitted for a short time to occupy a sitting place 
 on the forward part of the hurricane deck of the prairie 
 schooner, overlooking the patient, plodding oxen that were es- 
 corting him to Zion at the rate of a mile in an hour and a quart-er. 
 
 Time continued to pass, there being no law against 
 passes at the time. That magnificent structure erected by 
 Dame Nature when she was a young girl, Independence Rock, 
 was reached. It still stands out conspicuously in the writer'i 
 memory, who remembers it as being cleft and a stream of water 
 running through. The opening, to the youthful mind, which 
 had read things, was suggestive of the Pass of Thermopylae, 
 where Leonidas with a handful of men succeeded in failing 
 to keeping back a million or so of Persians; also that other 
 pass in Switzerland, where a man named Arnold Winkelreid 
 (who must have been addicted to the vintage that made Mil- 
 waukee famous) threw himself into the breach and became at 
 once a pincushion for the Austrians' spears, shouting as he 
 did so "Make way for (hie!) liberty!" On a smooth and 
 flat surface some distance above the ground the writer in- 
 scribed his name along with those of several other fools. 
 The only point remembered after that until near the end is 
 Fort Bridger, which secured a place in the warder of the 
 brain by reason of a log cabin which passed itself off as a 
 ranch house, store, restaurant, postoffice, residence and a few 
 other things that can't be remembered. The solitary oc- 
 cupant was a man who had a keg of sorghum which he sold 
 at fifty cents a pint. By reason of the protective tariff regu- 
 lations ot the Sioux, who required a goodly percentage of 
 sugar among the voluntary contributions placed upon their 
 outspread blankets along the road and who collected once a 
 day on an average, the saccharine supply of the train had 
 run out; so the man disposed of all his sweetened tar at the 
 figure named. 
 
IN CONCLUSION. 631 
 
 Time but never mind about time. One night the pil- 
 grims reached a place not far from where is now the world- 
 renowned Park City, and were informed that early next day 
 we would obtain a view of the glorious valley toward which 
 we had been toiling. Next morning, without waiting for 
 breakfast, the writer set out hot-footed for the summit, and 
 reached it a long time ahead of the train, so much so that he 
 felt something like one of the oldest inhabitants when it came 
 lumbering along. The valley burst upon the vision all at 
 once. Beautiful spectacle! Glorious panorama! Delight- 
 some consummation ! The end of travel and its attendant 
 travail for three leaden-footed months outspread before the 
 longing yet satisfied gaze! So absorbed was the youth in his 
 reflections and emotions that for a time the customary method 
 of expressing exuberance was unthought of, but not for long; 
 and when it did come, the outburst of enthusiastic hurrahing 
 would have scared an Indian into retirement. 
 
 The train pulled into town at last and camped right on 
 the spot where the great City and County Building stands. It 
 was the last night of camping out. Next morning Captain 
 Walling bade all hands good-bye, and the company disin- 
 tegrated. Many of them went to work in different parts of 
 the city, some went into the country, a few went on to Cali- 
 fornia, and the remainder went to jail. 
 
 A period of looking around with nothing doing for the 
 writer followed, ending with an engagement as apprentice 
 in the Deseret News office, where he was placed upon 
 the road to fortune at the rate of $16 a month and 
 found sometimes. Three years, containing each some 47 
 months, elapsed after a while, and the apprentice became a full- 
 fledged printer. Then a season of rambling followed by more 
 printing, during which practical telegraphy was learned and 
 followed at different times. More printing, and in the midst 
 of it the reading of law was taken up and an admission to 
 the bar of the Supreme Court effected, without the aid of a 
 crow-bar, in 1877, mixing the practice of law with that of 
 
632 UTAH AS IT IS. 
 
 editorial work at different times and places. Started (and 
 stopped) several papers, and worked on many more. Be- 
 sides the foregoing, he played on the stage, hauled wood, 
 herded sheep, drove stock, handled teams, served as a soldier, 
 conducted a gymnasium, prospected the mountains, worked 
 at mining, went on a mission, got married, wrote essays, en- 
 gaged in politics, held offices and did a few other things not 
 occurring to the mind just now. He is the husband of one 
 wife and the father of nine healthy children, one of the sons 
 having engaged in the humane work of converting Filipinos 
 to love for American institutions by taking their country with- 
 out their consent and killing them when they kicked about it; 
 another son is at this time on a Church mission in the goodly 
 kingdom of the Dutch, and doing well. And as nothing 
 more need be said, this may properly be pronounced the end. 
 Indulgent reader, the writer respectfully subscribes him- 
 self as 
 
 Yours to swear by. or at, as occasion may require, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 EXPLANATIONS. Where a person or other subject occurs more thftn 
 once in a chapter, only the page where it is mentioned the first time is 
 here given, but is repeated wherever first mentioned in any other chapter. 
 
 Names of persons occurring in a group, club, society or organization 
 are not individually given in that connection unless accompanied by picture, 
 general mention being made by appropriate headings. 
 
 Subjects accompanied by picture are marked f. 
 
 Aboriginal Incidentsf 54 
 
 Adams, Maude 175 
 
 Agriculture (and Irrigation) .... 313 
 
 Agricultural College 208, 243 
 
 Agricultural Park 268 
 
 Akers, T. P 137 
 
 All Hallows Collegef 301 
 
 Allison, E. M.t 109, 433 
 
 Alta Clubf 260 
 
 American Fork (Creek) 314 
 
 Amalgamated Sugar Co. f 282 
 
 Anderson, E. H.f 113, 124, 421 
 
 Anderson.S. E.f 450 
 
 Andrus, Jamest....60, 110, 147, 462 
 
 Apostles, The Twelvef 30 
 
 Appendix 604 
 
 Assembly Hall, Salt Lakef 399 
 
 Associate Justices 147 
 
 Attorney Generalf 122 
 
 Attorneys, District 122 
 
 Auditor, Statef 122 
 
 Baker, Jim 18 
 
 Baker, Mercy Rachelf 599 
 
 Baker School of Oratory 599 
 
 Ballam, H. R 520 
 
 Baptist Church 310 
 
 Barnett, Rev. F 311 
 
 Barnum, E. M 137 
 
 Bar Association... . 254 
 
 Barratt Hall, Salt Lakef 249 
 
 Barrett, Lawrence 179 
 
 Bartch, G. W.t-.. 106, 121, 197, 410 
 
 Bartholomew, Sister M 297 
 
 Baskin, R. N.f 122, 191, 409 
 
 Bateman, W. J :.. 268 
 
 Bean, 0. U.f 482 
 
 Bear River 313 
 
 Beck, Johnf 329, 573 
 
 Beet Sugar Industry 282 
 
 Bell Telephone (Rocky Mountain) 288 
 
 Benton, I. A.f 554 
 
 Benton, Thomas H 218 
 
 Bernhisel, J. M 69 
 
 Bingham Canyon Railway 232 
 
 Bingham Canyon, Mines of 325 
 
 Bishopric, Presiding, L. D. S.f 23 
 
 Black, C. F 490 
 
 Blacksmith Fork 314 
 
 Black Hawk (Chief) 61 
 
 Black Hawk War 61, 542 
 
 Bonneville 16 
 
 Booth, Edwin. 179 
 
 Booth, J. E.f 122, 14S, 205, 248. 
 
 256, 435 
 
 Boreman. J. S 93, 147 
 
 Bowring, H. E.... 173 
 
 Brandeburg, L. G 64 
 
 Breeden, M. A.f 122, 442 
 
 Bridger, Fort 18 
 
634 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Bridger, Jim 17, 23 
 
 Brigham Young Academyf 206, 
 
 >43, 380, 422, 591, 594 
 
 Brigham Young College 209 
 
 Brigham Young Trust Co 402 
 
 Brocchus, P. C 147 
 
 Brooks, J. G 311 
 
 Bromley, J. E 72 
 
 Brown Rev. D. A 311 
 
 Brown, Dr. N. C.f 515 
 
 Bryan, W. J 120 
 
 Bodden, Herman 331 
 
 Bulfamonte, Rev. P 3<>1 
 
 Bullion, First Produced 327 
 
 Barley, D. E. J f 618 
 
 Burlington Railway 236 
 
 Burrows, J. C 476 
 
 Burton, R. T.f 29, 385 
 
 Butler, B. F 520 
 
 Bynum, W. D 491 
 
 Cahoon, J. W.f 563 
 
 Caine, J T.'t 134,141, 1S1 
 
 Calvin. E. E.t 617 
 
 Campbell, A. G 235 
 
 Campbell, W.f! 137 
 
 Camp Floyd District 333 
 
 Cannon, G. Mf 124, 467 
 
 Cannon, A. M t 392 
 
 Cannon, G. Q.f 394 
 
 Cannon, F. Jf 402 
 
 Cannon, J Q 612 
 
 Cannon, Mrs. M. H.f 107, 455 
 
 Cardenas 16 
 
 Carey, Annie L 179 
 
 Castle Gate, Utahf 292 
 
 Cath-lios, The 293 
 
 Catholic Cathedralf 300 
 
 Central Christian Church 312 
 
 Centrnl Pacific Ry.. The. ...218, 223 
 
 Chamberlain, J. M.t 597 
 
 Children's \ and H. F. Associa- 
 tion 357 
 
 Churches. Other than Mormon 
 
 and ('atholic 305 
 
 " Baptist, Organization 
 
 of 310 
 
 Baptist. Founders and 
 
 OhVers 310 
 
 Ce* tral Christian, Or- 
 ganization of 312 
 
 Churches, Central Christian, 
 Founders and Officers 
 
 of 812 
 
 Jews, Organization of 311 
 Jews, Founders and 
 
 Officers of 311 
 
 Lutheran, Organiza- 
 tion of 309 
 
 Lutheran, Founders 
 
 and Officers of 309 
 
 Methodist Episcopal, 
 
 Organization of 308 
 
 Methodist Episcopal, 
 Founders and Officers 
 
 of 308 
 
 Presbyterian, Organ- 
 ization of 308 
 
 Presbyterian, Founders 
 
 and Officers of 308 
 
 Protestant Episcopal, 
 
 Organization of 305 
 
 Protestant Episcopal, 
 Founders and Officers 
 
 of 305 
 
 Cities, The Principal 187 
 
 Salt Lake, Ogden, Provo 
 
 and Logan 
 
 Cities and Towns, Population of 183 
 City and County Building. Snlt 
 
 Lakef 194, 316 
 
 Clawson, Rudj^erf 95, 379 
 
 Clove, Jamesf 207. 436 
 
 Clowes, J. C 214 
 
 Clubs 254 
 
 Cluff, Benjamin, Jrf 2-16 
 
 Coal and Iron 340 
 
 Cohen. Mrs. E. M.f 521 
 
 Coinage. First in Utahf 53 
 
 Cook, Johnt 540 
 
 Combat Thickens then Sui'sid*^, 
 
 "Tie 94 
 
 Commercial Club 265 
 
 Connor, Gen. P. E.f 82 
 
 Constitutional Convention, the 104 
 
 Coronado 16 
 
 Couldock, C. W 179 
 
 Counter, Mrs C. E.f 5n6 
 
 Cowley, M. F.f 376 
 
 Counties 182 
 
 County Seats 182 
 
 Croff, B. L.f 576 
 
INDEX. 
 
 635 
 
 Croff, W. L.f 574 
 
 Cummings, Ardelle 180 
 
 Cummings, Birdie 180 
 
 Cummings, Laron 180 
 
 Dahlquist, Agnesf 595 
 
 Dark Days of Utah's Mediaeval 
 
 History 76 
 
 Davis, Jefferson 15 
 
 Dawson. J. W.f 100 
 
 Deardorff, H. F.f 264 
 
 De Bouzek, J. A.f 603 
 
 Deep Creek 339 
 
 De Moisy, Chariest 255, 461 
 
 De.seret News Officef 154, 155 
 
 Deseret Agricultural and Manu- 
 facturing Society 268 
 
 Deseret National Bankf 276 
 
 Dinwoodey, Henryy 551 
 
 District Judges 148 
 
 Dixon, J. D.f 118, 422 
 
 Done, Willardf 468 
 
 Do'son, W. L. H.f Ill, 112, 457 
 
 Doty, J. D.f 100 
 
 Dougall, W. B 216 
 
 Drama, The 172 
 
 " First and Later Actors 
 
 in 172, 161 
 
 Dropped Stitches 623 
 
 Droubay, P. A.f 558 
 
 Durkee,' Charlesf 100 
 
 Dyer, Frank 103 
 
 E-^gle Gatej 192 
 
 Early Callers 15 
 
 Eccles Building, Ogdenf 537 
 
 Eccles, Davidf 536 
 
 Editors of Utah. Past and Pre- 
 
 pentf 157 
 
 Einarsen,' Axel 541 
 
 Election, First One 68 
 
 Elections. Delegates to Congress, 
 
 Lastfor 133 
 
 Elections, P^irst State Candi- 
 dates in 106, 120 
 
 Elections, First Opposition in... 129 
 
 Elections, General 120 
 
 Elections, Municipal 131, 614 
 
 Eleemosynary 345 
 
 Elks, The 262 
 
 Elks Club House, Salt Lakef .... 262 
 
 Elks Parade, Salt Lakef 263 
 
 Emery, G. W.f 100 
 
 Engineers, B. of L 267 
 
 Enzensperger, Josf 264 
 
 Estray Poundf 193 
 
 Evolution of the School, (Paro- 
 
 wan)f 242 
 
 Faust, H. J 73, 136 
 
 Federal Officials, Utah 124 
 
 Felt, C. B.f 616 
 
 Felt, D.P.t V57 
 
 Fields of Manufacture and Com- 
 merce 269 
 
 Fifth Election 121 
 
 Legislature, The 114 
 
 " Senatoral Election 1 ] 9 
 
 Fine Arts, The 589 
 
 First Election 68 
 
 House in Utahf 22 
 
 Mining Here, The 318 
 
 National Bank, Ogden 1^9, 281 
 
 Paper, The 152 
 
 Legislature 108 
 
 State Officers.. 106 
 
 Presidency, The Present 
 
 Members oft 27 
 
 Fitch, Thomas 136 
 
 Flanders, Gratiat 592 
 
 Foley, J. A.f '. 230 
 
 Fraternal, Industrial and other 
 
 Organizations 254 
 
 Freed, L. D.f ^64 
 
 Fuller, Frank 136 
 
 Gentile Elected in 1860 133 
 
 Gibbs, J. F.t 163 
 
 Gillette, Viola Pratt 624 
 
 Godbe, W. S.t -.128, 528 
 
 Goddard, Benjamin 626 
 
 Gold Mountain 333 
 
 Governors of Utah, Group oft .. 100 
 " " Times of 
 
 Service 100 
 
 Goodwin, C. C.f 157, 492 
 
 Governor's Staff Officers 122 
 
 Graebner, Rev, J. R.f 585 
 
 Graham, J. C.f 157, 493 
 
 Granite Stake Tabernacle, Salt 
 
 Lake Cityf 588 
 
 Grant, H. J.f 371 
 
 Grant, J. M.f 190 
 
 Gray, D. R.f 224 
 
 Great Salt Lake, The 197 
 
636 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Great Salt Lake, The First White 
 
 Man in 18 
 
 Great Work Begun, The 21 
 
 Groo, Byronf 157, 441 
 
 Groves, Dr. W. H., Latter-day 
 
 Saints Hospital! 346 
 
 Glasmann, Williamf 157,428 
 
 Guinan, Father, Catholic! 581 
 
 Hafen, John! 598 
 
 Hall, W.C.f 413 
 
 Hamlin, A. L.f 112, 417 
 
 Hammond, J. T.f 118, 408 
 
 Hansen, J. E.f 112 
 
 Harding, Stephen! 100 
 
 Hard Living 46 
 
 " Menu 46 
 
 Harris, F. S.f 265 
 
 Harrison, E. L T 128 
 
 Hasb-ouck, Dr. R. A.f 496 
 
 Hatch,A 136 
 
 Hatch, A. C.t 255, 459 
 
 Hat Island, Great Salt Lake!... 49 
 
 Hayward, Mrs. E. A.f 518 
 
 Heated Term, Elsewhere, The... 92 
 
 Hobbs, P.D.f 419 
 
 Holy Cross Hospital 351 
 
 Hooper, Wm. H.t 129 
 
 Home, Mrs. A. M.f 112, 439 
 
 Houtz, D D.f 207, 494 
 
 Houtz, Heber 61 
 
 Howell, Josephf 412, 623 
 
 Hull, Thomasf 124 
 
 Illinois Central Ry 228 
 
 Station! 228 
 
 Incidents, Original Aboriginal 54 
 
 Incorporated Places 182 
 
 Information Bureau 626 
 
 Inspiration, The Sagebrush 144 
 
 Intermountain Milling Co.! .... 286 
 
 Irrigation, Agriculture 313 
 
 " Inception of 22 
 
 Jefferson, Thomas 15 
 
 Jenson, Andrew! 387 
 
 Jews, The 31i 
 
 Johnson, C. E.! 602 
 
 Johnson, J. E! 157, 602 
 
 Johnson, Willis! 556 
 
 Jones, Mrs. W. H.! 517 
 
 Judges 147 
 
 " State... . 148 
 
 Judges and Lawyers, Group oft 255 
 
 Judicial Districts ' 147 
 
 Judge Miners Home, The!.. .344, 345 
 Justices, Chief, from the Be- 
 ginning 147 
 
 Associate, from the 
 
 Beginning 147 
 
 Kearns' St. Ann's Orphanage!.. 353 
 
 Kearns, Thomas! 353, 465 
 
 Kearns, Mrs. Thomas 353 
 
 Keeley Institute! 356 
 
 Kellogg, Clara L 179 
 
 Kelsey, E. B 129 
 
 Kenner, F. R 138, 628 
 
 Kenner, S. A.! 138. 728 
 
 Kent, Charles! 596 
 
 Kenyon Hotel!.., 291 
 
 King, S. A! 207, 486 
 
 King, W. H.! 145, 406 
 
 Lagoon Resort! 239 
 
 Lammersdorf, Charles! 577 
 
 Lammersdorf, Mrs. Charles!.... 578 
 Lammersdorfs Sevier Mining 
 
 Claims! 334 
 
 Lammersdorfs Reduction 
 
 Works! 336 
 
 Langtry, Mrs 179 
 
 Last of the Delegates 133 
 
 Last Resting Place (Brigham 
 
 Young)! 45 
 
 Latter-day Saints' University!.. 249 
 Latter-day Saints' Hosp'ital 
 
 (Groves)! 346 
 
 Lawrence, H. W 129 
 
 Leary, J. C.! 264 
 
 Legislature, Members of!- 107, 112 
 
 Lewis, A. B.! 114, 415 
 
 Lewis', A. B. Great Enterprises. 335 
 
 Liberal Party 127 
 
 Lincoln, Abraham 213 
 
 "Lingerlonger"! 195 
 
 Littlefield, E. A! 169 
 
 Livingston, W. D. f 255, 461 
 
 Logan City 208, 617 
 
 Loop, Tintic Line R. G. W.! 227 
 
 Loose, C. E! 464, 629 
 
 Loose, Warren 629 
 
 Lund, A. H.! 27, 3^6 
 
 Lund, R. C.! 431 
 
 Lutheran Church..... 309 
 
 Lyman, F. M.f 367 
 
INDEX. 
 
 637 
 
 Marioneaux, Thomasf 255, 469 
 
 Marysvale 333 
 
 Maxwell, G. R 130 
 
 Mayors of Salt Lakef 190 
 
 McCarty, W. M.t 118, 411 
 
 McClellan, J. J 590 
 
 McCornick & Co., Bankers! 278 
 
 McGrorty, W. M 129 
 
 McMillan, Williamf 449 
 
 McRae, Danielt 454 
 
 Meakin, J. P.f 499 
 
 Merchandising and Municipali- 
 ties 69 
 
 Merrill, M. Wf 374 
 
 Metal Production and Dividends. 343. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church 308 
 
 Midgley, Joshuaf 566 
 
 Miller, 0. P.f 29, 386 
 
 Miner, J. A.f 255 
 
 Mines and Mining 317 
 
 Mining, Origin and Growth of.. 317 
 
 Mining, The First Here 318 
 
 Mines of Bingham, The 325 
 
 Ministry and Missions 580 
 
 Modern Moses, The 32 
 
 Money andTrade 51 
 
 Mormon Battalion 14, 613 
 
 Mormon Church, the Origin of.. 26 
 Mormon Church, Progress, Or- 
 ganization and Officers of 26 
 
 Mormon Church, Officials of 361 
 
 Mormon Temple, Salt Lakef.... 196 
 
 Morris, R.P.f 614 
 
 Morse, C. W.f 443 
 
 "Motion Carried," Thef 48 
 
 Movement, The Next 324 
 
 Moyle, J.H.f 553 
 
 Mulvey, M. E.f 264 
 
 Murdock, J. R.f 114, 451 
 
 Musser, A. M.f 216, 390 
 
 National Parties, The Growth of 135 
 Native Beauties, Big and Little. f 59 
 
 Nebeker, Aquilaf 107, 434 
 
 Nebeker,W. G.f 107, 434 
 
 Nelson, A. C.f 118, 425 
 
 Neslen, R. F.f 237, 586 
 
 Nicholson, John 157, 581 
 
 Notable Women, Some 503 
 
 Ogden City 199, 616 
 
 Ogden Sugar Factory!., 283 
 
 Ontario Mine 330 
 
 Oregon Short Line Ry 221 
 
 Park, Agnes, S.f 562 
 
 Park, fl. G.f 560 
 
 Parry, Josephf 542 
 
 Parry Block, Ogdenf 200 
 
 Past and Present Officeholders 400 
 
 Patti 179 
 
 Paul, J. H.f 253 
 
 Peery, Mrs. E. L. H.f 515 
 
 Peery,D.H.f 571 
 
 Penrose, C. W.f 157, 479 
 
 Period of Friction, The 76 
 
 Professional People 470 
 
 Pioneers, Who They Were 19 
 
 Pioneers Reception Committee, 
 
 Thef 14 
 
 Pioneer Mines and District, The 322 
 Pioneer Monument and Brigham 
 
 Young Staluef 38 
 
 Pixton, Mrs. E. C.f 514 
 
 Pixton, Robertf 539 
 
 Pony Express, Thef 71 
 
 Population in 1851 68 
 
 Population Present 182 
 
 Population by Cities, Towns, and 
 
 Counties 182 
 
 Porter, D. H.f 264 
 
 Post Offices 182 
 
 Powers, Albertf 497 
 
 Powers, 0. W.f 132, 473 
 
 Pratt, Mrs. R. B 625 
 
 " P.P 47 
 
 Presbyterian Church 308 
 
 Press, The 152 
 
 Preston, W. B.f 29, 383 
 
 Progress and Present Status of 
 
 Principal Cities 187 
 
 Prominent Members of Bar 470 
 
 Prominent People Pictured and 
 
 Penned 359 
 
 Prominent People of Provof 207 
 
 Prominent Railroaders, Some... 617 
 
 Prospector, Thef 319 
 
 Protestant Episcopal Church.... 305 
 
 ProvoCity 204 
 
 Provo City Officers 206, 617 
 
 Pyper.G.D.f 180 
 
 Raddon, S. L.f 168 
 
 Raddon, W.A.f 168 
 
 Railroad, The 217 
 
638 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Rambouillet Ramst 258 
 
 Ramsey, L. A.f 593 
 
 Rawhns, J L.f 116, 1X5, 404 
 
 Reid, W. K.f 138, 255, 500 
 
 Representatives in Legislature! 112 
 Residence of H. C. Wardleigh, 
 
 (A. S.Condon) Ogdenf 201 
 
 Residence of 0. W. Powerst.... 195 
 Residence of Reed Smoot (Pro- 
 
 vojf 205 
 
 Residence of S. A. King (Provo)f 206 
 Retreats for Sick and Unfortu- 
 nate 345 
 
 Reynolds,Georgef 90 
 
 Rich, B. E.f 583 
 
 Richards, Mrs. E. S.t 508 
 
 Rich, J. C.t 484 
 
 Richards, C. Ct 
 
 Richards, F. D.f 136, 396 
 
 Richards, F. S.t - 470 
 
 Richards, Mrs. J. S.y 503 
 
 Richards, Willardt 157 
 
 Rideout, D. 107, 110 
 
 Rio Grand Western Ry.f 225 
 
 Roberts, B. H t .....150, 391 
 
 Roberts, D. R.j 556 
 
 Roberts Case, The 149 
 
 Robison,VV. E.t 567 
 
 Rocky Mountain Bell Telephonet 288 
 
 Roundy, Mrs. E J. D.t 519 
 
 Roylance, W. M.T 112. 458 
 
 Sagebrush Democracy, The 137 
 
 Sagebrush Demooracy, Organi- 
 zers of ." 138 
 
 Saltair Beach Paviliont 233 
 
 Salt Lake Cityt 188, 189 
 
 Salt Lake Press Club... 266 
 
 Salt Lake Theatret 180 
 
 Salt Lake and Ogden Ry 238 
 
 Salt Lake and Los Angeles Ry. 230 
 San Pedro, Los Angeles and 
 
 Salt Lake Ry 233 
 
 Scanlan, Rev. L.t 294 
 
 Schools and Schoolingt 241 
 
 Schumacher,!. M.t 619 
 
 Second General Election, The 120 
 
 Second Legislature, 18*7 110 
 
 Second Senatorial Election 116 
 
 Senate, Members oft 107, 108 
 
 Senator, The Latestt 151 
 
 Senior, E. W 495 
 
 Shaffer, J. W.t 100 
 
 Shurtliff, L.W.t.. 107, 444 
 
 Silver Reef: 342 
 
 Singleton, A.t 207 
 
 Singleton Clothing Co. (Provo) 286 
 
 Sloan, E. L 157 
 
 Smith, Eliast 157, 259, 607 
 
 Smith, G. A.t 420 
 
 Smith, H. M.t 38L 
 
 Smith, Hyrum 30 
 
 Smith, Johnt 383 
 
 Smith,J. F.t 27, 361 
 
 Smith, J. Ht -%8 
 
 Smith, J. M.t 259 
 
 Smith, Joseph the Prophet 30 
 
 Smith, Mrs. J. F.t 525 
 
 Smoot A. O.t 190 
 
 Smoot, A. 0. Jr.t 107 
 
 Smoot, Reedt 151, 379 
 
 Smoot, W. C. A.t 20, 564 
 
 Snail- Paced Communication 66 
 
 Societies and Clubs 2~>4 
 
 Solomon, Alfredt -~>44 
 
 Solomon, A. Et r> 49 
 
 Solomon, Jamest 546 
 
 Spencer, D. S 620 
 
 State Bar Association 254 
 
 State Boards 123 
 
 State Builders, The 11 
 
 State Builders, their journey, 
 advents, tribulations and tri- 
 umphs 11 
 
 State of Deseret, The 63 
 
 State of Deseret, its Officers 63 
 
 Statehood 101 
 
 State Legislatures, The 108 
 
 State Officers, First 106 
 
 State Officers of 1903,t 118 
 
 Steele, M. M.t 564 
 
 Stenhouse, T.B.H.t 157, 159 
 
 Stickney. Mrs. V. A.t 358, 523 
 
 St. Mark's Hospitalt 349 
 
 St. Mary's Academy, Salt Lake 
 
 Cityt 1 296 
 
 Stock Exchange, The 342 
 
 Talmage, J. E.t 498 
 
 Tanner, H. S.t 255 
 
 Tanner, Nathant 532 
 
 Taylor Brothers Co. (Provo)t 284 
 
 Taylor, J. E.t 110,112, 438 
 
 Taylor, J. W.t 373 
 
INDEX. 
 
 639 
 
 Taylor, T. N 207 
 
 Teasdale, Georgef 370 
 
 Telegraph, The 210 
 
 Tingey, C. S.f 118, 424 
 
 Tintic Mining District 328 
 
 Tintic Discoveries 329 
 
 Thatcher, Mosesf 530 
 
 Third Legislature Ill 
 
 Third Senatorial Contest 117 
 
 Thomas, A. L.f 100, 425 
 
 Thomas, J. J 502 
 
 Thomas, R. K 107, 446 
 
 Thompson, Ezraf 190 
 
 Thompson, Jamesf 437 
 
 Thoresen, I. C.f 440 
 
 Thurman, S. R.f 14U 
 
 Utah Boys in Philippines! 610 
 
 Utah Central and Southern Ry. 220 
 Utah's Military Status and Rec- 
 ord 605 
 
 Utah Press Association 256 
 
 Utah State Flower (Sego LilyH 579 
 
 Utah State Officers! 118, 121 
 
 Utah Wool Growers Association. 258 
 
 Union PncificRy 219 
 
 Unitarian Church 311 
 
 Van Dyke, Williamf 570 
 
 Vaughn, V. H.f 100 
 
 Walker Brothers' Bankf 274 
 
 Warde, Frederick 179 
 
 Warrum, Noblef 487 
 
 Weber, A. If 255, 501 
 
 Wells, D. H.f 190,400, H07 
 
 Wells, Emmeline B 512 
 
 Wells, H. M f 100, 118, 180, 400 
 
 West, C. W.f 100 
 
 Whitmore, G. C.t 453 
 
 Whitney, H. G 153, 179 
 
 Whitney, 0. F.f Ill, 388 
 
 Wilson, E. W.f 120, 463 
 
 Wilson, J. B.t 447 
 
 Wilson, L. A 625 
 
 Winder, J. R.f, 27, 364 
 
 Wood, G. L.f 100 
 
 Woodruff, A. O.f 378 
 
 Woodruff, Wilf ord 30, 99 
 
 Woolen Mills 283 
 
 Young, Brigham f 
 
 11, 30, 33, 100, 174, 212 
 
 Young, Brigham, Jr.f 398 
 
 Young, Brigham, Statuef 38 
 
 Zane, C. S.f 96, 255, 457 
 
 Zion's Co-operative Mercantile 
 
 Institution! 269 
 
 Zion's Savings Bankf 280