UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 AT LOS ANGELES 
 
 EX L1BRIS 
 
 GIFT OF 
 
 Paul M. Powell
 
 THE 
 
 SECOND VOLUME 
 
 LETTERS 
 
 Writ by a 
 
 Who liv'd Five and Forty YEARS 
 Undiicover'd at 
 
 PARIS: 
 
 Giving an Impartial ACCOUNT to the 
 
 Divan at Con/ianiinople^ of the moft Remark- 
 able Tranfadions of Europe: And, Difco- 
 vering feveral Intrigue; a:;d Secrets of the 
 Chrtjlian Courts (efpeciaily of That of France) 
 Continued from the YEAR 1642, to the 
 Year 1682. 
 
 Written, Originally, in Arabic's, Tranjlated into Ita- 
 lian, and from thence into Englifh, by the ^ran/tutor 
 of the FIRST VOLUME. 
 
 The THIRTEENTH EDITION. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed by A. WILDE, 
 
 For 5. and E. Bal/ard, J. Brotbcrton, W. Meadow, 
 ' . Cox, R. Ware, 7'. Clarke* S. Eirt, D. Browne, 
 T. AJlley, J. Skuctturgh, J. Hodges, E. Wickjleed, 
 J. Of Ma U t J. Comyns, C. Eathurft, R. Baldwin, 
 A. Strahe*, and ./. mid:. [1/53.]

 
 TO THE 
 
 READER. 
 
 THree Tears are now e/afj'd, flnce 
 The Firft Volume of Letters, 
 written by a Spy at Paris, wasfabli/h'd 
 in Englifh. dad it was expeffed y that 
 a Second fhouldhave come out long before 
 this. The Javourable Rcceftion which 
 tfhatfeztnd amongjl all Sorts of Reader -j, 
 'would bave encouraged a Jpeedy Tran- 
 flation of the Reft, had there been ex- 
 tant any French Edition, of more tb^ti 
 the Firit Part. Bxt, after the ftrrffyf 
 Enqi,iiry y none could be heard of. And^ 
 as for the Italian, our Bookle^kr?' bave 
 not that Correspondence in tbofe Parts, 
 ay they have in the more Neighhounng 
 Countries of France and- Holland. So 
 that it was a Work dtj<pai~ y d oj\ to n co- 
 ver any -mortal tbi* Arabi dlVMcrrjoirs, 
 We little dreamt, that the r .,-; raines 
 had 1} sen jo bafy in P>inti;]^, and In fuC" 
 cefsjul in Selling the ccntinucd Tran- 
 A z flatioa 
 
 :134
 
 To the READER. 
 
 lation of thtfe Arabian Epiilles ; *till 
 it was the Fortune 0/~rfEngli{h Gentle- 
 many to trxvd in thofe Parts la ft Sum- 
 mer, and difcover the Flappy News. I 
 ivill not foreflall bis Letter, which is 
 annexed to this Preface, for the Satis- 
 faction of the World \ but only acquaint 
 yoity That upon the Receipt of it, the 
 Per/on to whom it was direct ed^ was Jo 
 well fie afe d with the Propoial, that he 
 made it his immediate Bufinefs^ tofnd 
 . cut the Engliih Tranflator of the Firft 
 Volume, as judging him to be the fittefl 
 Per Jon ; which being done, he immediate- 
 ly gave an Account of his Proceedings to 
 Mr. Saltmarfh, at Arnfterdam, who 
 fent him over Two Tomes of the Turk- 
 ifh Spy m Italian, with Promt ft of ths 
 Reft, when the/e were made Engiifh. 
 
 One of thefe I here frefent you with, 
 and tke Other willy e'er lon^ be ready 
 for the Preis. 
 
 I need not fay any Thing of the Ori- 
 ginal Arabick, or of ths Author, the 
 ' Place of his Abode, and how his Wri- 
 tings came to Light, Siifficknt b . h ; /; 
 fyoktn on thut tubjecf] m the Preface 
 
 to
 
 To the READER. 
 
 to the Frrft Part. I ft all only add, That 
 if bis Style may feem in this Party to 
 vary Jometimes from the Firft Volume, 
 // miifl be attributed to the Difference 
 of theLangusigesfrom whence they are 
 Translated ; it being impofjible to objerve 
 an equal idiom, in following Twofuch 
 different Languages, tis French and 
 Italian : The One dancing in J oft Mea- 
 fures, delicate Cadencies, andJmoothPe-. 
 riods ', the Other, advancing in Lofty 
 Strains, keeping a Roman Pace, full 
 of Mafculint and Sententious Gravity. 
 
 Neither can the Arabian himfeif, be 
 fiipfofed always in the fame femfer ; or y 
 that his Style fhould be till of a Piece. In 
 Jome Places , where he treats of Sieges 
 and Battles, he feems to foot the Pyr- 
 hick Mtajures in Prole ^ there breathes 
 a certain Martial ^drdor in his Words. 
 In other Places, on the fame Subjeff, he 
 goes en like an Impartial Hiftorian, 
 bardv relating Matter of Faff, without 
 any Flowers or Glojfis. Hejeems not 
 to trifle with Philoiophy, or Religion ; 
 but, handles the One in the feculiar 
 Dialect of the Eaft, and treats of the 
 A 3 Other,
 
 To the READER. 
 Other, in the caftigate Language 0f 
 the Weftern Schools, To Jbew he had 
 been converfant in the Academies; as he 
 himjtlj pro]*Jis, Letter XX. Book I. 
 Vol. i. In a Word) throughout all bis 
 Letters, there is a .^.laintnefs oj c Ex- 
 frej/ion, peculiar to ^Arabians \j4na \ 
 however he may vary in his Style, yet 
 #/j Senie retains thejame Edge ; he is 
 Lively to the very laft. Nay, As far 
 as I can perceive^ both his Language, 
 Senfe, and Judgment, grow more Cor- 
 red, as he advances in Tears : dnd, 
 you witl find Jbme Difference between 
 his Le tiers of 1^37 and 1660. 
 
 Expeft the whole Series of them, as 
 fa ft as they can conveniently be publijhed^ 
 the Third Volume being ahaoft ready 
 for the Prefs : In which, the Reader 
 will find the ftrangeft Revolutions, and 
 moft amazing Accidents, that ever hap- 
 fien'd in the World face the Creation ; 
 with many Fra\ch~Jntrigues and Court 
 Policies, which would never have come 
 to Light, had it not been for thisjitbtls 
 Arabian. Farevvel. 
 
 A LETTER
 
 LETTER 
 
 From Mr. Daniel Salt mar jb^ to his 
 Friend in London y concerning the 
 Italian Copy of the furkijb SPF. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 T Ravelling through Italy this 
 Summer^ and coming to Ferrara 
 auout the Middle of June, I 
 made fome Stay in that City, in Com- 
 pliance with the Importunity of my 
 Sifter, the Wife of Signior Nicolao Valen- 
 tittf) formerly Merchant in London. Du- 
 ring my Abode at her Houfe, I was 
 brought acquainted with that Eminent 
 and Learned Phy fician, Julio ds Mzdicis^ 
 of the Houfe of Florence* and late Stu- 
 dent at Padua. This accomplilVd Per- 
 fon received me with lingular Humanity 
 A 4 and
 
 Mr* Saltmarfh'j Letter ^ &c. 
 and Friendfhip : In all his Deportment, 
 giving Proofs of a Difpolition worthy 
 of his Chari&er, and the Blood -which 
 runs in his Veins. He is univerfally 
 Learned, and by his prodigious Read- 
 ing, (which cunnot be hid from thofe 
 who converge with, him) he feem'd tome 
 a Walking Library. You cannot name 
 an Author of Note, with whom he is 
 not acquainted, being a careful Colktfor, 
 or rather an Engrojjer, of all Remark- 
 able Books. He gaye me familiar Ac- 
 eels to hisZ/rar)', which, according to 
 the beft Computation I could make, con- 
 iiiied of no lefs than fix Thoufand choice 
 JTreattfes. You know my Inclination, 
 and will eafily believe, that I took no 
 fmali Delight in the Liberty I had, not 
 only to Survey, but alfo to make Ufe of 
 this Treafure, fo long as I llaid in Fer- 
 rara. I was there daily, and thought 
 that Time mifpent, which my other 
 Obligations took from my Study.- Among 
 other Books, I chanced to open the Ita- 
 lian Trefojlation of the Turkijb Spy, which 
 was io celebrated all over Europe, and 
 which I had read both in French and 
 'English . I had the Curiolity to perufe it 
 over, and found it exadly to agree with 
 thofe &faff/?atiom I had feen ; which made 
 me ask this GenthmtW) Whether there 
 
 were
 
 Mr. Saltmarih'j Letter, Cc. 
 \vere no more Volumes or it Printed ? He 
 prefently ilicw<-a m;. 5Vx more, and told 
 me, The- fcigbtb was in the J'rf.fs. Over- 
 joy 'd at this Nc-A's, ! asked h.in, Where 
 I might rurnifh myfelf with thofe Seven 
 Volumes already Printed ? He afTured me 
 the Firft Impreffions were alHbldoff, but 
 that they would be Reprinted again. I 
 expreffed fonic Sorrow and Concern, that 
 I could not procure thefe Books } when, 
 with an unparalleled Generality, he frank- 
 ry bellowed thofe Seven Volumes upon me. 
 'Tis true, at our firft Acquaintance, I 
 had obliged him with a .fVf/^/f , on which, 
 I bclic\e, he let a greater Price than on 
 thefe Books ; it being a Watch of moil 
 curious Workmanfhip, made by One of 
 the greateft Artifts in Italy. However, 
 I fancy'd my Gift returned Seven-fold in 
 thefe Books . I brought them along with 
 me through Germany into Holland, where 
 I kept them as a Secret Treafurc; being 
 defi*ou3, if poflible, that the Six Volumes 
 which are not yet franjlated out of Itali- 
 an,, might firit fpeak my Native Tongue, 
 that fo we may not always be obliged to 
 the French for the moft acceptable Pro- 
 ducts of the Prcfs. Knowing therefore, 
 thciingular Delight you take in Enter- 
 prizes of this Nature, and how much it 
 may lie in your Way to procure a 
 A 5
 
 Mr. Saltmarfti'j Letter, tc. 
 lation of thcfe VOLUMES, by Reafon of 
 your great Acquaintance with Learned 
 and Ingenious Men^ I offer you the Re- 
 fufal of this Undertaking j both tor the 
 Friendship that is between us, and be- 
 caufe I know none fo fit to manage this 
 Dciign, as yourfelf. I will willingly ven- 
 ture a Miare in the Coft, but I would 
 have no more than a Third Perfon con- 
 cein'd in ir. IF you accept of this Pro- 
 poial, I will fend you the Italian Volumes, 
 and leave the Sitccefs to your Condutf* 
 I can afiure you, That none but the Firft 
 Part is as yet Tranflatcd into Frevcb-> or 
 any other Language, except the Italian ; 
 and the following Tomes arc not to be had 
 for JVioney. 1 herefore, we have a fair 
 Opportunity of obliging the Nation 
 with a Work fo long expefttd, and fb much 
 dtfired by all that have fecn the FIRST 
 VOLUMF. My Occaliorjs require me to 
 f: end this Winter at Amperdam j but, I 
 hope, in the tyring, to lee you at Louden. 
 Iq the Interim, am, 
 
 SIR, 
 
 Sept. y. 
 16570. Tour, &c. 
 
 Danie
 
 
 TABLE 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 LETTERS and MATTERS 
 Contained in this VOLUME. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 BOOK L 
 
 LETTER I. 
 
 dhmut, the Arabian, faithful Slave of Sultaa 
 
 Ibrahim, to Becbir Ba/a t his HighnefsV 
 
 Chief Treafurer at Ceniiantinople. Page i 
 
 Of v_urcoaV long Silence, and IViahmutV Sit/pi {is* 
 
 t her i of ; Of bis Removal from Paris on that A(- 
 
 count* 
 
 IT. To
 
 The TABLE. 
 
 II. To the Ago, of the Janizaries. j 
 Of the Swedifh Amazons ; the Death of Duke 
 
 Albert; the Taking of Glogow, Succiniez, and 
 Olmitz, by Gfnera/'ToT&.enfon. 
 
 III. To Ibrahim Chanrrgil, Chief Eojlargl, or Gar- 
 
 dener to the Su/tan. 4 
 
 Of an Herb caWdtbe 111 Neighbour ; and of the 
 Senfible Plant ; Of Mahmut'.r Enemies at the 
 Seraglio. 
 
 IV. To Mux/u Keis Ejfcndi, Principal Secretary of 
 State, at Conftantinople. 5 
 
 Of Carcoa'/ Death at Vienna, and of Nathan .Ben 
 SaddiV fucceeding him in ;V ' Commiffion- ; Of 
 Mahmut'j Return to Paris. 
 
 V. To the Kaimachajn. 7 
 Of the Death of the Queen- Mother of France ; 
 
 Of her dfpai ition to Cardinal Richlieu, and of 
 his Sicktitfs. 
 
 VI. To the Venerable Mufti, Sovereign of the True 
 and Ur.defiled Faith. 10 
 
 OftbtDtatb of Mary de Medicis, Queen Mother 
 c.nd L'owager of France ; Of Cardinal RkhlieuV 
 Lititr to her, and of the Rich Church of Saint 
 Dennis in France. 
 
 VII. To DgnttOg.ou. 13 
 ~ ' Of a. vicltnt Ttmpiji of Thunder and Lightning ; Of 
 
 what happened to Mahmiit during this Storm ; 
 and, Of the Cvflom of Ringing the Bells at Paris 
 en fuch Ofcv/iOKs, 
 
 VIII. To the fame. 16 
 Of his Fiic-ndjkii) ar.d Con-cerfation nuith a Carme- 
 lite Friar ; cf Images and Piflures. 
 
 IX. To the Kaimacbam. 1 8 
 Of the I'l'urs in Catalonia and .Rouffillion : Of ibs 
 
 flege cf Perpignan, and the Gcnfrojity of the 
 Frciich King. 
 
 SX. I'o Riit Eftcndi, Principal Sccretaiy of State. 22 
 
 Of
 
 The TABLE. 
 
 Of the Injuries done to Two French Lords ly the 
 Sub -Bailee of Salhia, near Arabia. 
 
 XI. To Nathan Ben Saddi, a Jew at Vienna. 24 
 Of CarcoaV Death, and of bis Virtues, <wkich he 
 
 exhorts him to imitate ; be dt feres, Carcoa'j Jour- 
 nal and Papers may lefent him fs Paris, 
 
 XII. To Dgnet Oglou. z& 
 Of the French Ladies addiSlng'tbetnfelvet to Pai- 
 
 lofophy. A Char after of Monfieur des Cartes. 
 He dfjires him to fend him the Inicriptions of the 
 Obeiifks and Columns in the Hyppodrome at 
 Conftantinople. 
 
 XIII. To Caret Hali, a Phyfician, at Conftantino- 
 fle. 28 
 
 Of the Kit,gs Phyfick-GW in Paris ; of a fa- 
 mous Library in that City j of the Palaces and 
 Itbjpitali ; particularly of the Hofpita! of God. 
 A Digrejflion concerning Friend/hip. 
 
 XIV. To the Kaimacbam. . 33 
 A Continuation of the Siege of Perpignan ; tht 
 
 Exploits of the Marefchal de la Mo the ; Us 
 Taking the Towns of Tamarit and Mouion ; 
 and of a Sea -Fight between the fttBsbaxJtfa 
 Spaniards. 
 
 XV. To J/3uft his Kinfman. % c 
 He Ccrgratulates his fafe Return to Conftantino- 
 
 ple ; Thanks him for the Alms and Sacrifice 
 be performed for the Health of bit Sail - t Ex- 
 fajtulatis ivitb him concerning bis Three Years 
 ''I ravel. 
 
 X\ I. To Berber Muftapba dga, at Conftantinople-39 
 
 Of the Duke ofLorrziris Jixcommunication ; an-i 
 
 of his Proteft againji it. Of the unaccountable 
 
 Poiutr the Popes ha*ve over the Chriilian Prin- 
 
 ea. 
 
 XVII. To Bedredin, Superior of the Der<vifcs, of 
 rhe Convent of Cogai in Natalia. 41 
 
 Iff
 
 The TABLE. 
 
 He fends him a Ch<?raier of Jefus Chrift ; 
 
 a Defcription of hit Perfon, which Publius 
 Lentulus, Prejldent of Judaea, fent ts the Senate 
 
 of Rome, 
 til. 
 
 XVIII. To the Kaimacbam. 43 
 Of the Reduction of Afac. 
 
 XIX. To Muftapba, Bafla of Silijlria. 45 
 He congratulates bit Viflory over the Coflacks ; te lit 
 
 him what the French fay of him, acquaints him 
 with the Wars between the Pope and the Duke 
 of Parma. 
 
 XX. To Reis Ejfendi, Principal Secretary of State. 48 
 Of the Dif appointment the Turks nut with in their 
 
 Dtftgn to take Raab. 
 
 XXI. To Enguruli EmirCheik, a Man of the Law. 50 
 He complains of the General Wickednefi of Europe ; 
 
 The Corruption of the French Court ; 
 be gives him an Irjlance in t 
 Belville. 
 
 XXII. To the moft Illuftrious Vizir A-zem, at the 
 Port. $2 
 
 Of the Birth of Sultan Mahomet ; and the Scnti* 
 tnents of the French Ludits on that Occafton. 
 
 XXIII. To the fame. 53 
 He applauds his jf 'itftice, in putting to Death the 
 
 Perfian Emir, who Jirft taught Sultan Amurath 
 to drink Wine ; aevifts him to do the Jams to 
 Muftapha Bafla. 
 
 XXIV. To the Venerable Muf:l, Prince of the Re- 
 ligion of the 'Turks. ' $$ 
 
 . He (tifcsurfes of Holy Water ; and of Dogs being 
 permi.teJ to cnt/r the ChriiHan Churches ; be 
 reproaches thi Chriftians, with prophaning their 
 Temples, by making Lci>e m them. 
 
 XXV. To the fisu'r dzem, Prime Diredor of the 
 Afiairs of the Ottoman Empire. 57 
 
 Hf informs him of the Commotions in Ene;laad. 
 
 XXVI. To
 
 The TABLE. 
 
 XXVI. To Abdc I Mek c Muly Omar, Superintendent 
 of the College of Sciences at Fez. 66 
 
 Of the Motion of the Earth : That the Planets are 
 Habitable : Of VigiliusV being put to Death for 
 cfferting the Antipodes ; and that Galilseus bad 
 like to run the fame Fate, far maintaining Coper- 
 nicus'j Dofirine. 
 
 XXVII. To Cara Haly, the Phyfician at Confianti- 
 nople. 6 a 
 
 He averts, That Beajls ha*vc Reafsn, or a faculty 
 very Analogous to it ; in Oppcjttion to the CartC- 
 fian Philcfophy. 
 
 XXVIII. To Ha/ein $a/a. 72 
 He reproaches the Tutor of the Pages in the Seraglio 
 
 with Envy and ill Offices. 
 
 XXIX. To Solyman, his Coufm at C-jnjlantineple. 74 
 he accepts his Apology for defaming Him ; gives 
 
 him Counftl ho<ui to deport himftlf toward 
 kit Wife, and exhorts him to keep a good Con- 
 fcience. 
 
 XXX. To the Kaimatham. 77 
 Of the Surrender of Perpignan ; Of Olivarez his 
 
 hindring its Relief; ami his being diftratted at 
 the Nws of its Lsfs. Of Cardinal RichlieuV 
 falling into Difgrace , and his Rcjioration to th& 
 Kings Ft.<vour. 
 
 XXXI. 'to Nat ban BcnSaddi, *Je*wmViema. 79 
 Of the Receipt of his Letter, with CarcoaV Jour- 
 nal and Legacy. He dc fires him to ordtr his Bills 
 fetter for the future. 
 
 XXXII. To the Venerable Mufti, Prince of the True ' 
 and Undented Faith. Si 
 
 He Jifcourfis of Chrift'j Incarnation : Of the Angel 
 Gabriel V brujbing the Moon luitb his Wing, 
 and cat'jing the dark Spots in that Planet. Of 
 Renatus des Cartes. 
 
 IXXII 1. To the fizir Azcm at the Port. ' 84 
 
 Of
 
 The TABLE. 
 
 Of a Greek Merchant, it. bo was fared out of bis 
 
 Country by the Infelence of the Janizaries. 
 XXXIIi To 'Cora llaly, the Phylician at Conjlanti- 
 nople. 8 > 
 
 Touching the various Sefts of Mahometans and 
 Chriftians : Of the Golden Age, and many Ab- 
 furditiv taught ly the Mahometan Dcfam. 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 LETTER I. 
 
 TO the Kaimachcm. 89 
 
 Of Cardinal Richlieu'j De&tb ; of his De- 
 fee fit, Education, Prtftrments, and the Jea- 
 loufy of the Grandees, 
 
 II. To the "Venerable Mufti. qz 
 On the jami .Subjcl, and of the Cardinal^ Legacies. 
 
 His Cb.traffer. 
 
 III. To Jafmlr Sgire Rugial, an Aftrologer at Alep- 
 po. 94 
 
 He Paraphrafes on his Nr.me, drolls on his Profef- 
 Jion, ar.d ivzJfaa him it return to bis old Trade of 
 teaching Pigcyns to carry Letters. 
 XV. To the Grand 5^/orVChicf Trcaf:;rcr. 96 
 He excufesthe I>ifttr,itendts of his L.tttn -,' mentions 
 the King of Perfia'-f D, ath : ; tlatcs tie Surrender 
 of Tortona, n?ul tht Klarri^ge cf the Prince of 
 Savoy ivitb his Niece. 
 
 V. To Darnft Mebimei Br/k. 99 
 Of Cardinal Julio ! Jazarini, Rich!ieu v j SucceJJbr. 
 
 VI. To Ifouf, his Kiniinan. 100 
 tie dtjtre.' him, to in-.ke an Offering for him to 
 
 Sheh
 
 The TABLE. 
 
 Sheh Boubac, a Santone at Aleppo : The Story 
 of Synrana Fiffa ; He requires an Account of bis 
 Travels. 
 
 VII. To Mahomet, Bf!/a of Damafcti^ IO2 
 Of Manfour, the youngeft Son of Facardine, the 
 
 brave Emir o/'Sidon. And, Of a Buttle fought . 
 before Leipfick- 
 
 VIII. To the Venerable Mufti, Arbitrator of the 
 Problems and Myfteries of Faith. 104 
 
 He axfucers ell the Scruples of his former Letter 
 to the Mufti ; and affi-rts the Bodily Delights of 
 Paradife. 
 
 IX. To the Kaimacham. I IO 
 Of the Extraordinary Honours done to the Prince 
 
 of Morgues by the French King, as a Reward of 
 his Services. 
 
 X. To Achmet Beig. T 1 2 
 Of the Defign which the Spanifn Ambaffador had, 
 
 of Murdering the Portuguefe Ambaflador at 
 Rome. 
 
 XI. To the Vizir Azem, at the Port. \ \ j 
 He expoftulates with him, concerning the Threafnings 
 
 of the BaflaV of the Port. 
 
 XII. To Marat Bajfa. 1 1 7 
 Of the Siege of Friburgh ; and, Of the Defeat of 
 
 the Germans before Leipfick ; Of the Surrender 
 of that Place, and the Confujion of the German 
 Court. 
 
 XIII. To the Kaimacham. 1 2 1 
 Touching Cardinal MazariniV Condufl, 
 
 XIV. To the Venerable Mufti, Prince of the Inter- - 
 prefers of the Law, and Judges of Equity. 123. 
 
 Of the Death of Lewis Xlil. King of France . An 
 Apology for his making War <with the Houfe of 
 Auftria. A Rehearfal of the Spanifh Ufurpati- 
 ona, Plots andCntelties. 
 
 XV. To Rtii EjferJi, Principal Secretary of State. 1 28 
 
 Of
 
 The TAB L-E. 
 
 Of King Lewis'/ Death : That feme fufyefled he 
 ivas polfond. Of bis Piety and Virtues. 
 
 XVI. To the Kaimacbam, 1 3 1 
 Touching the early Difcoveries ef King Lewis's Va- 
 lour ; and of the Civil Wars of France. 
 
 XVII. To the Venerable Mufti, Succeffor of the 
 Prophets and Meflengers of God. 1 34 
 
 -K? gives him a la>-ge Account of the Eaftern 
 and Weftern Patriarchs. Of the Immunities 
 ef the French Church. A Dcfcription of the 
 Mafs. A Charafier of the Spaniards, French, 
 and Italians. Of Retires. Of Proteftants. 
 Of the Hierarchy. 
 
 XVIII. To the Kaimackam. 143 
 Of the French Dauphin. 
 
 XIX. To the Vizir A^tm, at the Port. 145 
 Of the Wars between Spain and Portugal. A par- 
 ticular Relation of the Imprifonmtnt and cruel 
 Ufage of Don Duartus, Brother to the New 
 King of Portugal. A farther Account of Spa- 
 nifh Cruelties ; and of afecond Confpiracy againji 
 the King of Portugal. 
 
 XX. To Dgnet Oglou. 149 
 Touching Melancholy, and his Method of cut ing 
 
 it. 
 
 XXI. To the Tefterdar, or Lord-Treafurer. 153 
 Of the Battle of Rocroy. 
 
 XXJI. To the Vizir Azem, at the Port. 1 54 
 
 He difco'ven a Con/piracy of the BafTaV and Cover - 
 tiers of the Ifles in the Archipelago, againji the 
 Ottoman Empire. 
 
 XXIII. To Chiurgi Muhammet, Bafa. 158 
 He relates a Pajfage at the DauphinV Chrijlening ; 
 
 calculates the Number of the French Clergy ; 
 talks of the King's Revenues, and of the French 
 Dragoons. 
 
 XXIV. To Igri Boinou, a White Eunuch. 162 
 
 Of
 
 The TABLE. 
 
 Of the French King's Brothers ; of the Princes of 
 the Blood, and the Nobility of France. 
 
 XXV. To the Captain B<:J/a. 166 
 Of a great Number of Slaves, that efcaftd from 
 
 Alexandria 
 
 XXVI. ToMuJlapbaGuir, an Eunuch-Page. 168 
 Of the Murder of the Duke of Orleans his Page. 
 
 Of Mercenary Ruffians. T0t Duke o/" Beaufort 
 fufpefis Cardinal Mazarini to be thv Author of 
 thftt Murder* 'the Duke isfent Prifoner to the 
 Caf.le of the Wood of Vinciennes. 
 XXVJI. ToPefleliHeli, his Brother. 172 
 
 He dcjires him to fend him fame Ntivs of his. 
 Mother i invites him to an entire friend/hip, 
 and to join with him in the Imitation of their 
 Kindreds Virtues. Difcourfes of his Travels in 
 the Indies. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 LETTER I. 
 
 TO Ibrahim All Cheik, a Man of the Law. 180 
 Of the Wandring Jew ; and of Mahmut'f 
 Converfalion ivith iiim en feveral Subjects ; 
 particularly, of the Ten Tribes o/"Ifrael, 'which 
 are loft. 
 
 II. To the Scliffar Aga, or Sward- Bearer. 1 82 
 Of the Wars of Swedeland and Denmark. 
 
 III. To Car a tialy l a Phyjtcian at Conjlantino- 
 Kof/e. 1 84 
 
 Of a Man icho revived, after he had leen dead 
 35 Hours. Of another, <vjho as he *was carried 
 te the Grave, rofe up, andfpoke three Times, pro- 
 cing himfclf Damned, Of the Carthufians.
 
 The TABLE. 
 
 IV. To William Vofpel, a Chriftian Reclufe of 
 Aufrria. 188 
 
 Touching a IVIonaftick Life. 
 
 V. To Berber Mujtr.pha Aga 19! 
 Of the Reception which the Sophi of Perfia gave 
 
 the Cham of the Uibeck Tartars . Of a Dtfsat 
 given the French by John de Werdt, and Gene- 
 ral Mercy. 
 
 VI. To the Vizir Azem, at the Port. 193 
 Of the Dardanels in the Hellefpont. What fame 
 
 French Seamen faid of them. A Projefl of 
 . Mahmut, to weft Platforms along the Hellc- 
 fpont. 
 
 VII. To Oucoumiche his Mother, at Grand Cairo. 
 
 !9> 
 
 He exprejfcs his "Joy, to hear of her Health -, end 
 exhorts her, not to mourn in vain for her dead 
 Hiijbcnd. 
 
 VIII. To Muzlu Rds EJfendi, Principal Secretary of 
 the Ottomt.n Empire. 198 
 
 Of ihe Hatred in-hich Madam de Chevereux, and 
 the Duke of Beaufort, bare Cardinal Mazarmi. 
 Of an old Courtier, from whom Maomut hoped 
 to gc,in fsnie Sectt ts. 
 
 IX. To Sig7iittr Lcrenzo def Citfa Bianca, a Genocfe t 
 at Mfirffilles. 200 
 
 Mahmut uhdecditcs him, as to tke^fitory of Sul- 
 tan MahometV being taken Prifsner ly the Mal- 
 tefes. 
 
 X. To Dgnet Oglou. 201 
 More on the fame Suljefl. 
 
 XI. To the Rdi Ejfcndi, Principal Secretary of the 
 Ottoman Empire- 203 
 
 Of thf JFars between the Duke of Parma, and the 
 BarbcriaiV. Qf the DivijSons among the Italian 
 Princes. 
 
 XU. To
 
 The T A B L E. 
 
 XII. To Lubuno Alitfei Sand, an Egyptian Knight. 
 
 207. 
 
 Of a Finlander at Paris 8 Foot high. Of a Muf- 
 covite Wrefller at Conftantinople. Of Sultan 
 AraurathV Cruelty. Of a Spanifti Carvdtier> 
 that murdtr'd his Wife, bis Servants and bimjflf, 
 out of Jealoufy. 
 
 XIII. To the Kaimacham. 209 
 Of the Parliament of Paris. A Defcription of Pa- 
 ris, and St. Germain en Lay. Of the Kings 
 Water-Works. 
 
 XIV. To the moft IlJuftrious Vizir Azem, at the 
 Port. 2 1 4 
 
 He perfitades kirn, That 'it is neceJJ~ary for the Sultan 
 to isbett Prince Ragotfki'j Quarrel againjl the 
 German Emperor. 
 
 XV. To Af.s frffa, at the Port. ^ i 5 
 He difcovrfet of Dtjliny and Chance ; tells a Story, 
 
 Of a poor Men ftrangely enriched hy finding of 
 Trcafures ; and of the Death of a Soldier in the 
 Duke of Anguiealr Army. 
 
 XVI. To Nathan Ben Saddi, a Jew at Vienna. 
 
 218 
 
 He acquaints him, That he has learnt to make 
 Wc-tches; whereof he has fent fotne to his Friends 
 at Conitantinople. Of the German Emperor'* 
 Sicknefs, and of Prodigies. 
 
 XVIJ. To So/yuan Aga, Chief Eunnch of the Wo- 
 men. 220 
 He ccmbarcs one of the SultanV Adventures^ to an 
 that happened to One of the Kings of 
 
 XVJ1I . To Dgnct Qgltu 2 2 I 
 
 lie relates, Hen.:- he hrd like to have been difco'Uerd 
 by bis farmer- Matter at Palermo. 
 
 XIX. To
 
 The T A B L E. 
 
 Abfolution for eating ofSiuincs F/rfi, and df ink' 
 
 XXXVI/To ^Lhemet, an Eunuch Page in the Se- 
 
 raglio. 
 
 Touching his Imprifcum-rnt ; /rW, How a Man ought 
 ahvays to be provided for Misfortunes. OfWie> 
 end his Inclination to it. 
 
 LETTER
 
 LETTERS 
 
 Writ by 
 
 A SPY at PARIS. 
 
 V O L. II. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 LETTER I. 
 
 Mahmut the Arabian, faithful Slave vf 
 Sultan Ibrahim, To Bekir Bafla, His 
 Higbnefs's Chief Treafurer at Conftan- 
 tinople. 
 
 I Know not whether it be a Vke or a Virtue to 
 be fearful in my Gircurnftances. I am no Stoick, 
 nor can I pretend an Exemption from the com* 
 men Paffions of Men. However, 'tis not for my- 
 felf I am folticitous, but I confult the Good of my 
 ComtniJfioK. There is a Difference between Cautioii 
 and Fear ; and Apprehenfion of Danger, is not to 
 be termed Pufillar.imity. 
 
 I have written fix Letters to Carcoa at Vienna^ 
 but have received no Aafwer thefe four Moons, This 
 Negleft puts me upon Thinking ; and I am puzzled 
 to find oat an Excufe for him. I would fain continue 
 our good Opinion of his HoneAy, without forfeiting 
 B m/
 
 l LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 my Senfes r For, although I am not naturally fufpi- 
 cious, yet Experience has taught me to number Jea- 
 loufy among the CarcRnel Virtnes. 
 
 Not to amufe thee, I am afraid of Treachery. 
 Carcea knows the Secret of my Commtjfi/m, and it 
 lies in his Power to do much Mifchief. Vet I may 
 \vrongthe Man ; perhaps he is dead : And there are 
 no PoJIs that bring News from the Grave. If he be 
 in the Region of Silence, and expired in his Integri- 
 ty, the Tivo black Angels (hall have no Power to hurt 
 him. But I wonder 1 mould have no Intelligence of 
 his Death, neither from the Minijicrs of the Portt, 
 nor ftoai Elladim the Jiiv. 1 Sell thee, I am un- 
 eafy till I know the Truth. 
 
 When 1 fit in my Chamber, and hear any difcour- 
 fmg in the Houfe, I imagine 'tis about me ; when I 
 go along the Streets, i.f any Man fallens his Eyes on 
 me, hearrcilsme with Fear and Apprehenfion. 'Tis 
 true, I am willing to undergo the worft they can in- 
 flift; but it would extremely enhance the Sorrows of 
 Death, to fee die Secrets of the Sub I', me Port, become 
 the Scorn and Derifion of hf.ckh. 
 
 For thefe Reafons, I have removed myfelf about 
 n League from Paris, pretending it is for my Health, 
 trufting the Conveyance of my letters, and other 
 Uufmcls to Eliad-im, who, for ought 1 know, may 
 prove a Reed of Egypt. 
 
 I defire thee, nay, I conjure thee to fend a fpeedy 
 Supply of Money," without which 'tis impcilible for 
 poor ivlabnwt, the vildt Slave of the great and invin- 
 cible Ibrahim, to perform what is expected of him. 
 
 The great God reward thy Fidelity with unfading 
 Treaftrres. 
 
 Paris, loth of the yth Moon, 
 of the Tear \ 647. 
 
 According to the ChrifUan Style. 
 
 LETTER
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 3 
 
 LETTER II. 
 
 To the Aga of the Janizaries. 
 
 THE God of }'l r ar feems to efpoufe the Quarrel of 
 the Swedes ; and all the Planets contribute to 
 their Profpcrity ; even Venus herfelf, has for a while 
 laid afide all her ufual Softnefs, appearing now in the 
 Field arm'd Cap-a-pee, with a Train ew*4jA Ama- 
 X.OHS at her Heels. 
 
 Thou wilt think I romance in telling thee this, and 
 only temporize with thy Gtnius, having often heard 
 thee pafiionatdy admire the valiant Acls of Semiramis, 
 and other Eaftent Virago** : Cut aflure thyfelf, that 
 the Snvfdes after feme late Battles, when they went to 
 bary their Dead, dripping them of their Cloaths, 
 found feveral of the fair Sex under the Difguife of 
 Men, among which there were fome of Quality. 
 
 It is laid, that one of thefe was feen to engage Duke 
 Albert himfelf, with a matchlefs Bravery and Cou- 
 rage ; the Duke being twice unh-rfed by her and as 
 often remounted by his vigilant Squire*. 
 
 Thofe that pretend to know more than the common 
 Sort, fay, that Revenge was the Motive which brought 
 this Lady inso the Field, having received a grofs Af- 
 front from Duke Albert jn the German Court. How- 
 ever, the Duke died of the Wounds he received of 
 this Bellona, and (he furvived not to triumph over her 
 dead Enemy, 
 
 After this, the Swedes, under the Command of Ge- 
 neral Torjfenfm, marched into Site/to, ; took Gloivgo'w 
 by Storm the izth of the 5th Moon ; and Suciniez, 
 on the yth of the 6th Moon. 
 
 And, as if nothing were able to difcourage or 
 
 bafile the indefatigable Mind of this Great General, 
 
 he iuvefteJ the ilrong Town of Ohnit-z in Moravia, 
 
 B z and
 
 ^4 LETTERS /Tr/V by Vol. IL 
 
 and took it after fourteen Days Siege. The Po/s 
 are arrived this Morning with this News. 
 
 Be ftrong and of good Courage, and God (hall 
 give thee Victory in Battel, when thou fighteft againft 
 the Infidels. Abftain from Wine, and from Oppref- 
 fion. And receive this Advice, as a Te3Jmony of 
 my Efteem and Friendlhip. 
 
 Paris, zoth of the yth Moon, 
 of tbeTeur 1642. 
 
 LETTER III. 
 
 To Ibrahim Chanregil, C#/>/ Boilangi, 
 or Gardener to the Sultan. 
 
 ><-. ::,. .ml 
 
 THOU that art daily converfant with the El- 
 deft Produfts of the Earth, and canil call the 
 whole Vtgetabh Family by their proper Names, tell 
 me whether there be fuch a 'Plant, as by its baneful 
 Influence blalts all that grows within ten Cubits of 
 its Root. 1 would not put fuch a Queftion to thee, 
 had I not lately feen fomething in the Garden of 
 a certain Nibleman near Paris, which makes me 
 think 'tis true. They call it here [The ill Neighbour,] 
 becaufe it preys, (they fay) on all the Herbage that is 
 near it, rifmg and flouriming by their Fall. Indeed, 
 at the Time I faw it, there was a wither 'd Ciic!c 
 roand it ; whilft this devouring Sprout look'd gay 
 and full, augmented by the Spoils of neighbouring 
 Grafs: A proper Emblem of Opprefllon. I wifli 
 'twere growing in the Gardens of all cruel Tyrants^ 
 that in this natural Glafs they might behold their vo- 
 racious Spirits. 
 
 I will not thus call in Queftion thy Knowledge 
 of an Herb, which fhuns all Human Touch. Here 
 is one in the fame Garden, which the Nobltman 
 
 boafc
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 5 
 
 boafts was by thy Hands cropt from the Sultans, Gar- 
 dens, and being fet in a Pot of Earth prefeated to 
 him. Thou didft not well confult thy Safety, in fuch 
 a grand Preemption, nor yet the Honour of thy 
 Sovereign Majier, who (Ihould it ever reach his Ears) 
 would foon tranfplant thee from the Garden of the 
 Seraglio to the EJ^/tan Fields. 
 
 Thou oughteft to receive this Reprimand with high- 
 eft Gratitude, fmce it will not fhut thee out of thofe 
 pleafant Walks and Groves with the High Imperial 
 Walls. Ufe more Prudence another Time ; and fcorn 
 fuch eafy Condefcenfions to Infidels. Say, that I am 
 thy Friend in this Advice ; and, in Recompence, I 
 oaly defire this good Office of thee, to watch the 
 Motions of my Enemies. There are no lefs than 
 three great Officers of the Seraglio, hammering out 
 my Ruin. Thou knoweft who I mean. Keep thy 
 Integrity. The fly infmuating Words of Skaflrim 
 Jflbam, the Black Eunuch, fpoken not long ago in my 
 Difgrace to the Principal Secretary of State, quickly 
 ecchoed to my Chamber in Paris. Be Silent a:id 
 Wife. 
 
 Paris, zoth of the 7th Moon y 
 of the Year 1642. 
 
 LETTER IV. 
 
 To Muzlu Reis Effendi, Principal Secre- 
 tary of State at Conilantinople. 
 
 IP it were lawful for me to take the Oath of our 
 Holy Prophet,, I would fwear by the Hour of the 
 Evening, that thy News is welcome. 
 
 I had fcarce finifh'd our appointed Devotions after 
 Sun-fet, when the Pojl brought me thy Difpatch, 
 which informs me, that Car coo. at Vienna is dead. 
 
 B 3.. Ire-
 
 6 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 I rejoice not at the Death of an honeft Slave to 
 llrahim ; let Flowers fpring from the Dull of his 
 Grave. Neither can I mourn for a Man, that may- 
 be gone to new asd richer Pofleffions ; yet I am 
 pleafed, that he quitted the Old fairly, and has left 
 behind him an Odour of Virtue. A Man in his Poft 
 is attacked with ftrong Temptations, and he that re- 
 fifts to the End merits a Wreath gathered from the 
 Tree of Lifs. 
 
 Thou mayeft think, Vis with more Eafe I receive 
 the News of Carcaas Death than of his Infidelity ; 
 nor that I value the Rack or any other Tortures, 
 wirh which the Policy of State ufes to draw Confef- 
 fions of Capital Crimes. But I would not have the 
 Grand Affairs of the Ottoman Port, COIT.C within the 
 Verge of a Scrutiny. 
 
 This News is the beft Cure for the Illnefs I pre- 
 tended, when I exchanged Paris for tne Country Air, 
 ten Days ago ; whereof Bechir BaJJ'a. has received an 
 Account, 
 
 I am now returned to my old Lodging, and am 
 congratulated for my fpeedy Recovery, by them that 
 knew not my true Diltemper. 
 
 Thou informeft me, That by the Order of the 
 Divan, one Nathan Ben Saddi, a Jew, is appointed 
 Succeffor of Czrcoa : I wifti he may acquit himfelf 
 as well. 
 
 The five hundred Zcchins thou haft ordered me by 
 hijH, will be very welcome to a Man, who has been 
 forced to retrench many Charges, that he might the 
 better ferve the Grand Signior. 
 
 - The King of Spain may wilh, that he could con- 
 clude a Peace on as eafy Terms with the French King, 
 as the Safhy of Perjia has with the Sultan Ibrahim. 
 
 None but Go</and his Prophet know the Zeal with 
 which I ferve the Sublime Port. 
 
 Paris, 20th of the yth. Moon r ~ 
 of the Ytar 1642. 
 
 LETTER
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 7 
 
 LETTER V. 
 
 To the Kaimacham. 
 
 I Shall now acquaint thee with the Death of the 
 ^tteen-Mothei- and Dovjager of France, who fell 
 a Sacrifice to the Ambition of the Cardinal of Rich- 
 lint, as thofe of her Party do commonly fugged. 
 For being h'ghly difgurted at his Counfels and In- 
 trigues, efpecially his playing the Incendiary, and in- 
 flaming thcfe of the Blood-Royal one againlt another, 
 fhe departed from Trance, and by a kind of voluntary 
 Banifliment, expofed herfelf to lo many Inconvenien- 
 cies, Hardfliips, and Rigors of Fortune, as feem'd to 
 haften her End : Her great Spirit chufing rather to 
 break than bow to the turbulent Cardinal, 
 
 She fojourned in Flanders, Hell and, England, and 
 the Empire. Her Travels being checquer'd all along 
 with a Mixture of Good and Evil. Here meeting 
 with Refpeft, there with Indifference and Coldnefs, 
 if not Contempt. In lome Places her Misfortunes 
 were pitied, and the Cardinal blamed for perfecuting 
 fo Great and Good a Queen : In Others, the Cardinal 
 was jullified : and her Conduct cenfured and condem- 
 ned. And me accufed herfelf for raifing him to the 
 Power of doing her thofe Injuries. At length, tired 
 out with the Fatigues of State, and grown ficl* of 
 the World, (he betook herfelf to a .Monaftry in Cologne, 
 where, after ihe had fpent fome Time in Rdigiou 
 Preparations for another World, fhe expired the ji 
 of this Inftant Moon. 
 
 It was placed among the Remarkables by fome, 
 that the fame Day me died, the Cardinal of ttfcblifit 
 fell fick ; which Sicknefs yet continues upon him. 
 But, whether to appeafe the Ghofl of his deceafed 
 Miftrefs, whom he had fo unjuiHy perfecuted ; or, 
 to mollify the Refentments of the People, is uncer- 
 B 4 ain :
 
 8 LETTERS Writ fy Vol. TL 
 
 tain. Yet notwithflanding hie dangerous Illnefs, he 
 every Day ventures to the Tcmfk, and performs the 
 Myfteries of their Laiv for her Soul. The Court and 
 City is in Mourning for this great Queen, and general 
 Murmurings and Complaints are raifed agsinft the 
 Ctirdiial on this Cccafion ; efpecially among the 
 Common People, who are fo far from entertaining a^ 
 better Opinion of him, for his daily Appearance at 
 the Altar, on Behalf of the Queens Soul, that they 
 efteena it but sn officious Hypocrify, a Medley of 
 Piieft-Craft, and State- Artifice. 
 
 Here is a Report about the City, that the Queen's 
 GkoJ? appeared to the Cardinal, as foon as me was 
 dead, feverely reproaching him with his Ambition 
 and Ingratitude, and telling him, That tho' he was 
 laying the Foundation of an Immortal Projedl, yet 
 he mould never live to fee it thrive ; but warned him 
 to prepare for Judgment, for that he mould not fee 
 another Year in Monal State ; upon which, they fay, 
 he immediately fickned. And here are Prophecies 
 privately fcattered about, foretelling his Death in a 
 fhort Time. This is certain, he labours under an un- 
 accountable Diftemper, his Body ftrangely wafting, 
 at if it would evaporate itfelf into Air j for, he feems 
 to be in a Manner dried up. 
 
 My Duty and Devoir to thee, Sage Minifler, would 
 not let me be at Reft, till I had prevented the Pojis, 
 by giving thee a more timely Account of thefe Oc- 
 currences, by a Merchant for whom his Veffel waits 
 at Marftilles. To-morrow he takes his Leave of 
 P fin's, and once aboard, he makes direclly for Con- 
 jlatitinople, whither he will bring the firft News of 
 the Death of one of the greateft Queens upon Earth ; 
 in whofe Royal Veins ran the Blood of the Emperors 
 Firdinar.dzn&. Charles V. She was married to Henry 
 the Great ; and, bcfides her Son now reigning in. 
 France, flie matched her Daughters to the two Potent 
 lYJonarchs of E upland %\\& Stain. 
 
 The
 
 Vol. II. a SPY -at PARIS. p 
 
 The moft High and Omnipotent, fole Monarch 
 of Heaven and Earth, reward thy Services and Fi- 
 delity to our Invincible Sultan, with.the fupreme Joys 
 of Paradife. 
 
 Paris, 215th of the yth Moon t 
 of the Tear 1642. 
 
 LETT E R VI. 
 
 To the Venerable Mufti, Sovereign of the 
 I'rm aud Undefiled Faith. 
 
 PErmit me to enter into thy Prefenee, and with- 
 draw thy ravifh'd Eyes a-whilc from the Con- 
 templation of fublimeft Objedts, to caft them on a 
 Spectacle of Mortality. It is the Great and Re- 
 nowned Mary de Met/ids, Queen-Mother of France., 
 who lies now dead at Cologne. 
 
 I will not trouble thee with Impertineacies ; but r 
 becaufe I know that various Reports will reach thy 
 Ears concerning the Cardinal of Rich-lieu his being 
 Inftrumental to her Death, by driving her to fuch a 
 Height of Indignation, as was the Cajufeof her vo- 
 luntary Exile and Wandring from France, and from 
 one Country te another? 1 will here infert a Letter 
 from the faid Cardinal to her Maj'Jly, wherein he. 
 
 vindicates himfelf, and difcovers (if not his Integrity, 
 yet) the beft Counterfeit of that Virtue, that I have. 
 fecn any where penn'd. It was written to her when; 
 ihe was in Hclland, and runs. thus. 
 
 M A D A M, 1 
 
 I Gamut but fjhem it the grfateft Infelicity that ewer 
 hfdme, that my Entmies have prevailed f) fir, 
 at .to draw upon me jour MajeityV DifpUafure, '[hat
 
 10 LETTERS //>/> ly Vol. IL 
 
 they have by all tie Arts of Malic*, fafined the fulllck 
 Odium on me, is a great Unhappinefs ; but, (Us is the 
 Mfijler-picce of their Enmity, to render me fufpcfted by 
 you. I could pardon their frequent ^li tempts upon mv 
 Life, by pfivtite Ccmfpiracies and AJJaJJjnations, though 
 Human Nature recoils at tbofe who are our Murdi rcn ; 
 but to deprive me of that, without which Life iff elf it 
 a Burden to me, I mean your Royal Favour, tranfportj 
 me beyond myfelf*, and, I beg, that it may pafsfor r,tt '' 
 Excuje of this Prefumption. I could cnjlly have ppj/cd 
 over in Silence all their barbarous Plots agairjl me ! I 
 ccttld ec.fely have parted ivitb my Life, and t.ll thife 
 Honour i and Dignities ivitb which it has been blefs'd. 
 Put, to rob me of your EJleem, which frjl raifedmeta 
 this envied Grcfitnifs, and r u. i hicb lvalue more than all 
 ike Grandeun of the Earth, breaks the Bars nvhich 
 anyd jny 1'cngve and Pen, and makes me bold to throw 
 nil f< If at your ^.oyal Feet, and All that- Iha<ve'for,I 
 received All from your Princely Hands. Deal as you 
 tleafe, Madam, with your onvn Creature, I cannot mur- 
 mur atyour 'Proceedings. But, Mt.:dnm, /</ your native 
 Piety prompt you to favour the Purple of the Church, 
 imtb which your Bounty has invejied me ; ht it not fye 
 its proper Ltljire and Ejiccm, becai-fe the Enemies of the 
 ChurchtfW State have cnjl fu cbDitt upon it. Is it pof- 
 fible that a Man, the mojl obliged of all his Race,jhoulJ. 
 beccmc the only Pattern of the bafcjl Ingratitude ? Bc- 
 fides the Ties of Confcicnce, and the Natural Force of 
 Inclination, my Iviereji shains me to your Service ', bwj 
 can 1 then vjilbdra<u}myfelffr(,m it, and not proclaim 
 my f elf at cr.ce a Tray tor to the bfft of^ue'ens, and the 
 tnofl unaccountable of Fools to my/flf? 
 
 This Confederation, Mad: m, being v. ell weighed, is. 
 enough to acquit me of allGuiltimfs before your Majelty. 
 But if it be my DeJJiny to be condemned unheard, I 
 Jhali not fppealfrom ysarRoyftl Sentence, fence I owe a 
 perfect Rtjignatiox to your Will. I may complain io Hftt- 
 i'i n of tny M'Sfcrtune } but I will not expostulate ivifif my 
 
 Sovereign
 
 Vol. IT. a SPY at PARI s. n 
 
 Sovereign Patronefs, ncr make the leajl Oppofition a- 
 gaivjl the Cturfe of your Anger, not even by carrying ?ny 
 Fcrtunc to Rome. Far, ivbcrcfcfucr I go, all My '-turfy 
 Jhall be to recover your Majefty's Favour, if it be not a 
 Crime. And if tin r I obtain that Happinefs, 1 Jball 
 not care whither Igo, tko* it be out of the World itf elf ; 
 btcaufe I die hourly, while your Maje&yfufpttfs that 
 I am not what I i--ver was? endJtiU continue to be t 
 M A D A M, 
 Vour Majtity's 
 
 Moft Humble, moft Faithful, 
 And moft Obedient Servant, 
 
 Armand, Card, of Rich. 
 
 1 fend thee this Tranfcript of the Cardinal* s Apo- 
 iogy, that thou comparing it with what befel afler- 
 \vard, may'ft give a Judgment, whether this great 
 Miniller deiervd the Centures that v/cre pafs'd upon 
 him. For, he falling fick the fame Day the ^uecn 
 Blether died, People laid it was a Judgment on him, 
 ad that her Ghojl appeared to him, as thou wilt 
 more at large inform thy felf by the Letters I fent 
 ;o the Kuimmbam. But, others are of Opinion, that 
 )-is prefent Illncfs proceeds from Grief of Mind for 
 the *>iuens Death, especially in that (he died before 
 he was reconciled to her Majrfy. And tliey plead 
 in Defence of his Innocence, his daily Zeal in faying 
 Majs for her departed Soul, and that at a Time when 
 ta has more need to keep his Bed, than go to 
 Church. This I have heard difcourfed, even by feme 
 uho bore no good Will to the Cardinal, yet now be- 
 gin to relent towards him, feeing the very Linea- 
 ments of Sorrow in his drooping Looks, and tracing 
 the Footfteps of a profound Grief in his macerated 
 Body. Hence they take Meaiures of his real Inno- 
 cence and Fidelity towards that Great Queen. I will' 
 n,t>t interrofe my particular Opinion on either Side, 
 but Hand neuter among thefe conufting Inf.dels, tho 1 
 B 6 my
 
 12 LETT 5 R * Writ fy Vol. If. 
 ifty Inclination and Regard would rather fway me to 
 the Cardinals Side. But, I leave the Determination 
 of this Matter to thee, who art the Oracle of IVifdam, 
 from whofe Sentence there can be no Appeal. 
 
 In the mean while, the Body of the deceafed Queen 
 lies as I have faid, at Cologne, where fhe fpent her laft , 
 Days in a Religious Convent ; a Practice net fo com- 
 mon now-a-days, as it has been formerly among 
 Crowned Heads, And thofe who thus defcended vo- 
 luntarily, from the Height of Human Glory, to the 
 Aufterities of a devout, Life, have commonly been 
 canonized for Saints, Nor do the Creatures of this 
 Queen fpare to whifper about, that fuch an Honour 
 were but a condign Reward to her extraordinary Me- 
 rits, being already canonized in the Efteem of the bi- 
 gotted Vulgar, while her Body is yet above Ground. 
 
 The Royal Carcafe will be brought and interr'd in , 
 the Temple of St. Dcn>is, about three Leagues from 
 this City. This is efteemed the richeft Clitrcb in 
 Trance, being a Repofitory of ineltimable Jewels, 
 Gold and Silver, belonging to the Relicks of their 
 Saint s. Here alfo is generally lodged the Duft of all 
 the Royal Blood of France. The Saint to whom this 
 Church is dedicated, is efleemed the Patron of this 
 Kingdom ; for according to their Doctrine, the 
 Saint i have the Patronage of certain Kingdoms, Pro- 
 vinces and Cities, committed to them by God, and 
 therefore they.addrefs themfelvesto them, and tP the 
 Guardian y%f/jboth in Publick and Private. Every 
 orie alfo, has h:s peculiar PatronrSaint and Guardian 
 4ngi I affigned him at his own- Choice* 
 
 But if thefe Cbrijliun Saints are fet over fuch Places , 
 and People as they fayour'd particularly in their Life- 
 time, then one would think, when this Great Queen 
 is canonized and inflated in her Saintly Government, 
 the Hvgoncts here may claim her Patronage, in that 
 fhe. fhewed much Kindaefs and Friendihip to. them 
 while fhe was. alive. 
 
 Pardon
 
 Tot. K. a SP Y at PA R is, 13 
 
 Pardon, Great Oracle of Truth, the Length of this 
 Epiftle ; and excufe my Prefumption, in defcanting 
 on Matters of Religion, which belong to thee to de- 
 termine. I kifs the Hem of thy facred Veft, in pro- 
 found Humility. Vouchfafe to pray for thy faithful 
 Slave Makmut. 
 
 Paris, zoth of the 7th Moon, 
 of the Year 1642. 
 
 LETTER VII. 
 2v Dgnet Oglou.. 
 
 TFT is now paft Midnight, and being called out of 
 1 my Bed hy the People of the Houfe where I 
 lodge, I knew not how to beftow my Time better, 
 than in giving thee an Account of this Occurrence. 
 
 Here is now fo violent a Tempeft of Thunder, 
 Lightning and? Rain, that the whole Hemifphere 
 feems to be on Fira; and the Superfluous are overr 
 \vhelmed with .panick Fears, . concluding this Storm . 
 will ufher in the Day of Judgment. It has conti- 
 nued thefe two Hoars ; and they tell me, that no lefs 
 than twenty Houies are burnt to Afiies already. I' 
 had fcarce taken my Pen from thelaft Word, when a 
 Flafh of Lightning dyed all the Papers and Books on 
 the Table whereon I now write, as black as Soot ; 
 whereof this fcorch'd Paper may be a Teflimonial, 
 which I fend enclofed. Obferve but the Colour and 
 Smell, and thou wilt fay, 'Tis damped with the^ 
 Mark of the Thunderer. 'Tis that whereon I had 
 begun to write to thee ; but, this thirfty Fire, at a, 
 Moment, lick'd up all the Ink, fo that the Impreffion 
 is wholly effac'd. 
 
 The Reafon of their calling me out of my Bed, 
 was. to go to Prayers with them, according to the 
 
 Cuftom
 
 14 LETTERS tfrit by Vol. II. 
 
 Cultom of thefe Itifidds, who in Time of Thunder 
 light certain confecrated Candles, and fall on their- 
 Knees round about them, imagining, that whilil 
 they are within the Room, where thele Candles are, 
 the Thunder cannot hurt them. I excuied my felf 
 from keeping them Company, by telling them, I 
 had a Hallowed Candle in my Chamber, which I 
 would light, and fay my Prayers there- They were 
 fathfied with this Anfwer, and fprinkling me with 
 Holy tfatft; to blcfs me from the Danger impending, 
 I retired. 
 
 There is a private Stair- Cafe in my Chamber, 
 which leads to a Terms on the Top of the Houfe. My 
 Curiofity carried me thither, where methought I be- 
 held Nature in her Frolicks and Rants. The great- 
 eft Part of the Sky was clear and ferene, and innu- 
 merable Stars appeared ; but, round the Brims of 
 the Horizon, a growing Bulk of Clouds encompafled 
 the Earth, fpouting forth Cataracts of Fire from op- 
 pofue Parts. One would have thought they were im- 
 pregnated with Bombs and Carcailes, and that ibmc 
 Armies were embattel'd in the Air. 
 
 After this, as if thefe had been the Heralds of the 
 laft and fkrceft Combat, the Clouds drew up into 
 a Point, and mingling with each other, fhot forth 
 fuch Showers of Hre, as made the World look like 
 a Furnace. For my Part, I had not Courage enough 
 to Hand longer .in the open Air, but came down to 
 my Chamber, and falling prolirate on the Ground, 
 recommended my felf to the Great Creator of all 
 Things, Lord of Nature, and Sovereign Difp r -fcr of the 
 li*Ui of Men. 
 
 Neither do I think my felf fuperflitious in this, any 
 mere than I mould be, in. humbling my felf in the 
 JD>uft, before the- Terrible Ibrahim, when he is out of- 
 Temper. 
 
 Methinks Nature Teems to be in a Cholerick Fit, 
 v, hen it Thunde; s j and 'tis neither good Manners..
 
 Vol. IL a S P Y at P A R i *. 15 
 
 nor Policy, to draw her Fury on our Heads by daring 
 Carriage. 
 
 Our Holy L^iv, which prefcribes Prayer to us at 
 the firll Appearance of the Sun and Moon, feems to 
 intimate, That on any Emergency which gives us a 
 peculiar Occaiion to contemplate an Omnipotent Pow- 
 er, we aught to fall down and adore the High and 
 Eternal One. 
 
 I am almoft deaf with the Bells which are rung in 
 every Church of this City, on this Account. It being 
 the Opinion of the Nazarcnes, that this Noife will 
 chafe away the Tempeil, with all the evil Spirits that 
 infeft the Air. And this Opinion is grounded on 
 the Ceremonies which are ufed at the Confecration of 
 their Bells. For, the Bifoop, or, in hrs Abfence, the 
 Pricft, hallows them with a kind of Bap'.ifm, and a 
 Form of Prayer ; wherein, among of^er Petitions, 
 they defire of God, to endue them with a Virtue to 
 refill the Devils. 
 
 I am no Friend to Superftition, neither do I give 
 much Credit to Charms ; yet I cannot deny, bat the 
 ringing fuch avail Number of Bells, mull needs caufe 
 a violent Concuffion of the Air, even to thedifperfmg 
 of the Clouds, and producing a Calm, And Expe- 
 rience azures us, that this is tne common Effeft of a 
 Battel, which, if it happen in Tempeftuous Weather, 
 yet the Difcharge of many thoufand great and fmali 
 Shot, has quieted the Storm, and hufh d the Elements 
 into a very ferene Condition. 
 
 Though this Noife of Bells be very troublefome, in 
 a Time when People mould take their Repofe, yet 
 here we are ulcd to it in a lefs Degree, every Night 
 throughout the Vev.r. 
 
 For the Chrijtians Law require the Der--v'ij\ 3 to 
 rite at Midnight to fay their Prayers in their Chap- 
 pels : And feme are Co devout and regular, as to 
 make this their conftant Cuttoin ; fo that as ibon as 
 the Clacks have itruck T-wefoe, the iinall Bells in 
 
 feme
 
 1 6 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 fome Convents begin to jangle. Abeut two or three 
 Hours afterwards, other religious Houfes ring their 
 Bells, and fo continue at certain Hours, Day and! 
 Night all the Year long. 
 
 The Storm is now quite blown over, the Clouds 
 difpers'd, and.all Things hufh and quiet. 
 
 He that brings forth Light out of Darknefs, and 
 converts the Terrors and Sadnefs of the Night, into 
 the chearful Joys of a fair and propitious Morning, 
 have thee in his Keeping, and perpetuate our Friend- 
 fhip. 
 
 Paris, 24th of the 7th MJCU, 
 of the Year 1642. 
 
 LETTER VIII. 
 
 Zo the fame. 
 
 THERE lives a Dervife in this City, with whom > 
 I often converfe with the fame Freedom as I 
 do with thee ; and, it is no fmall Alleviation of my 
 Melancholy, to vent my Thoughts to one of an agree- 
 able Spirit. 
 
 He is a Religious of Mount Carmtl ; a Man of fin- 
 gular Piety and Virtue; and, were he not fo zealous 
 a Patron of the Cbrijlian Superftitions and Idolatry, 
 I-fhould efteem him a Saint. 
 
 I have often attempted to wean him by Degrees, 
 from the Errors which he imbib'd with 'his Mother's 
 Milk, and which feem to be rooted in him through 
 the Influences of his Education. 
 
 Sometimes I plant a Battery of Arguments againft 
 Images and Pictures ; bat, I can neither beat them 
 down from the Ports they are allotted in his Oratory, . 
 nor am I able to demoliih the Chapels which he has 
 built for their Ideas in his own Breaft. 
 
 Yet,
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS, 17 
 
 Yet, after a long and clofe Siege, I have reduced 
 him to Terms of Ccmpofition. Jn the firft Place, he 
 has furrendred up aPifture which hung up in his Clo- 
 fet, .1 Form of a very ancient Man with hoary Hairs, 
 defigned by the Painter, to reprefent the Perfon of 
 COD. He yields, that it is not lawful t make any 
 Refemblance of the invifible Divinity. Next, he 
 allows, that it is not lawful to bow, or mew any 
 other external Refpeft to the Pictures and Images of 
 Jf/ui, Mary, and the reft of the Saints, but only to 
 ufe them as hiftorical P^membrancers of thofe holy 
 Perfons, and as natural Helps and Spurs to Devotioo. 
 and Virtue. 
 
 I tell thee, my Friend Oglou, on thefe Capitula- 
 tions I could not but raife the Siege, and yield him 
 the Ufe of Pictures thus far a blamelefs Praftice. For, 
 it feems to me unreafonable to debar thofe who believe 
 the Hrjlory of the Gofpel, the Privilege to read it in 
 what Language they pleafe, whether this of Images 
 and Pictures, or that of Letters. 
 
 Letters are but the Images of fueh and fuch arti- 
 culate Sounds, by which we exprefs our inward Con- 
 ception of Things : But, Images and Picture? are the 
 lively immediate Characters of the Things them- 
 felves, and it feems as eafy to me to look on a 
 Piclure or Image without the Danger of Idolatry, 
 as 'tis to read a Chapter in the Alcoran without ado- 
 ring the Letters that compofe it. Was not the Ta- 
 bernacle of Mo/es adorned with Images of Gberu- 
 <tims? Was not the Temple of Solcmm deck'd in the 
 fame Manner ? If the Prefence of Images in Tem- 
 ples be a Prophanation, why for fo many Ages have 
 eur Venerable Mufti's fuftered the two Serapkims to/ 
 remain under the Cupela of the Mofque of Sanaa So- 
 phia in Conjiantinople ? Why do they not deface the 
 Pifture of Mary the Mother of Jefus, the two Ima- 
 ges of Angels, with other Pieces of Sculpture and 
 Painting in the fame Place ? Are the Devotions of a 
 
 MuJJulmaii
 
 IS LETTERS Writ fy Vol. IF, 
 
 Muffiilman in this facred Temple tainted with Idola- 
 try, bccaufe he prays before thefe Images. 
 
 Let me unbofom my Thoughts to thee with Free- 
 dom ; Images and Pictures are no Bug- bears to me ;. 
 I can ufe ihem as Inftrumcnts of Devotion, in the 
 fame Manner as I do Books. Yet every one cannot 
 do this \vihout Danger of Idolatry ; neither is a 
 publick Toleration of Images and Pictures in Temples 
 to be approved. For, though fame Men may look 
 on them without Hurt, yet 'tis hard for the Genera- 
 lity to avoid falling into a culpable Reverence. For, 
 v/hi'e the Eye is drinking in the fair Idta^ the Soul is 
 apt to lofe her Force, and fall into Admiration of 
 the Carver's or the Painter's Art, adoring the elegant 
 Symmetry of a beautiful Piilure or Image, inftead of 
 the original and increated Setiuty, the Mzjcjlj which 
 has no Refemblauee. 
 
 Therefore wifely has our Law provided againft 
 this 1 nconvenience, by difcouraging Imagery through- 
 out the facred Empire of the Mujjulmans. 
 
 He whofe Habitation is in the m}flerious and in- 
 acceflible Height of an eternal Recefs, whofe Glory- 
 is beyond all Figure and Expreffion, aug;r,ent thy 
 Viztues, which are the trueft Images of the divine 
 Nature. 
 
 Paris, 24th of the y(h Moon t 
 of the Year I- 6 42. 
 
 LETTER IX. 
 
 TQ the Kaimacham. 
 
 TH E ppefent War between Trance and Spain 
 however begun, feems to be carried on by a 
 Principle of Honour, rather than of Enmity. Thefe 
 two Nations are perfecl Antipodes to each other irt 
 ihcir Humours ; yet this Averfion between them is 
 
 difcovercd
 
 Vol.11, ft SPY at PART . 19 
 
 discovered more in Peace than in War. The Queft 
 of Glory has invited many brave Men on both Sides- 
 into the Field ; and the Heroes ft rive to conquer each 
 Other, by Ci>viJitirs, rather than by A; ins. 
 
 Catalonia and Rtujfition, were the Stages of this 
 War, in the Beginning ef the Year ; where the Ma~ 
 refckal de Brexe, ard the Situr de la Atotbe-Hoitdan- 
 court, combated with all the HardfTiips of the Win- 
 ter, as well as with valiant Enemies. The Rigour of 
 the Seafon did not cool the Courage of thefe Generals, 
 nor divert their Ptfchition from taking the Fitld. 
 All the Country appeared like a frozen Lake, and 
 there was no Place for them to encamp, but in deep 
 Snows or Ice : Yet, for all thefe Difcouragements, 
 the Marefcbal de Brtze block'd up Perpignan, a Town 
 of great Strength in RouJ/ilion, whilft the Sieur de la 
 Mot he, kept the Arragomam in Play, and baffled the 
 Enterprises of the Caf titans, having given them two 
 fignal Defeats. 
 
 Thefe fuccefsful Actions of the French Generals, in- 
 vited the King their Mafter to give them a Vifit, be- 
 ing very defirous to take Perpignan, and fettle the 
 Affairs of Cafa/wia. He therefore fends another 
 Army under the Command of the Marrfchal de la 
 Mejleraye, which he foon followed in Perfon. 
 
 There was now a generous Envy raifed between fo 
 many great Commanders, every one Ibiving to ad- 
 vance lamfelf in the King's Efteem by his Services. 
 And the particular Merits of the Sievr fie la Motke, 
 drew a favourable Eye on him. The King made him 
 Marefchalde France, the Staff, which is the Badge of 
 his Office, being prefented to him by the Marefchalo( 
 Breze at Barcelona, to the general Satisfaction and 
 Joy as well of the Cataloniain as the French. 
 
 This Honour was conferred on him, prefently af- 
 ter the great Victory obtained over the Spanijb Forces 
 at Ville Franca in Catalonia. 
 
 In the mean while, the Marefchal de Mefleraye* 
 
 inverted
 
 26 LETTERS Writ fy Vol. It, 
 
 inverted the ftrong Caftle of Calioubre, which was 
 furrendred to him upon honourable Terms, by the 
 Marquis of Mortare, Genial of the Spanijh Horfe in 
 Rtitffiljen, and Governor of that Caftle. 
 
 The King flufh'd with Conquefts and Sueceflbs, 
 would not fufFer his Army to lie idle, but in good 
 earneft laid clofe Siege to Perpignan* 
 
 Yet fuch was the Generofity of this Prince, that 
 before he tried the Force of his Cannon, he ordered 
 the Marefchal de MeJIeraye, to fend a Herald to the 
 Marquis de Flares, Governor f the Town, to put 
 him in Mind of the great Streights the Befieged were 
 hi for want of Provifions, of which his Majefty was 
 not ignorant ; and, that there was no Hopes of Relief 
 from the Marcuis de Po<var, General of the Sfanijh 
 Forces in Arragon, there being left alive but a few 
 Companies of all his Army, after the great Defeat 
 which was given them near Ville Tranche, 
 
 He offered the Governor all fair and good Ufage, 
 if he would furrender before Things came to Extre- 
 mities ', and, to convince him of the entire Lofs of 
 the Spanijb Army (to which he trufted) he promi- 
 fed fafe Condudl to any Officer of the Garrifon as 
 far as Tcrragone, where lay all the little Remnant of 
 the Arragcmait Army, that fo he might inform and 
 afTure himieff of the bad Condition the Spantjh Af- 
 fairs were in. 
 
 This Favour was received with much Civility by 
 the Marquis de Po<var, who returned humble Thanks 
 to- the King for fo generous a Condefcenfion, afTuring 
 him withaT, that the Garrifon was not reduced to 
 thofe Streights as was pretended, but that he never- 
 thelefs accepted his Majelly's fafe Conduft to a Mef* 
 fenger ; intreating him, that he would permit him to- 
 go to Madrid, that fo the King of Spain might have 
 Advice of his Circumftances. 
 
 Thou wilt confefs, illuftrious Kaimackam, that it 
 was a great Magnanimity of Spirit in the King, 
 
 to
 
 VoL II. a SPY at PARIS. 21 
 
 to grant this Requeft to an Enemy, who might be 
 fufpecled to defign no more in it than to gain Time. 
 Yet he fent the Meflenger back again, with full Af- 
 furance of his Royal Love. 
 
 Whilft this was in Agitation, many other Civilities 
 pafs'd between the French and the Befieged. Many 
 Prifoners of Note were exchanged, and all Things 
 feem'd to fpeak a fair Understanding between both 
 Parties ; when, on a fuddcn, the Cannon of the 
 Town played furioufly on the King's Quarters, and 
 at the fame Time the Befieged made a vigorous Sally, 
 attacking a Redoubt which the Marefchal de Mrjlcrrrye 
 had raifed. 
 
 This Contempt of the King's Favour, raifed his 
 Choler, and animated the Soldiers with a Defire of 
 Revenge. All ran to their Arms, and quickly beat 
 back the Befieged. Thus was the Face of Affairs fud- 
 denly chang'd in the Camp. It was too late now for 
 the Governor to expert the Courtefy he before abufed. 
 However, he fent two Deputies again, to know if the 
 King's Refolution continued to grant Leave to fend 
 to Madrid, (for they had not as yet fent.) 
 
 The Marefebal tie Mfjlernye fcnt back the Deputies 
 with this Anfwer, That if they did not engage to fur- 
 render by a prefixed Day, and give two Hoitages for 
 Security of their Performance, the King woald not 
 grant their Requeft. 
 
 This put the Befieged upon defp^rate Resolutions ; 
 they made frequent Sallies, and all Things tended to 
 iLxtremity. 
 
 Whilft Matters were in this Pofture, the King, by 
 the Advice of his Phyficians, withdrew from the 
 Camp to take the Waters of Maine for his Health. 
 This was in the laft Moon, and Perpignan holds out 
 
 toll: 
 
 I have been the more particular in relating this 
 Siege, in regard it is the chief Subject of Dilcourfe 
 among fuch as are defirous of News, which is the 
 
 Reafoa
 
 aa LETTERS Writ ly Vol. II. 
 
 Reafon alfo, that I begin this Letter with a Relation 
 of what has been tranfa&ed in Catalonia, ever fince 
 the Beginning of this Year, that thou may 'ft be able to 
 form a regular Idea of this prefent War between France 
 and Spain : I will continually fend thee an Account of 
 the Progrefs the French make in Catalonia. 
 
 God' augment thy Honours, and prolong thy Days 
 to fee the Sons of thy Grand- Children. 
 
 Paris, z6th of the yth Moon, 
 of the Tear 1642. 
 
 LETTER X. 
 
 To Reis EfTendi, Principal Secretary of 
 State. 
 
 J Should be unfaithful to my Truft, and merit a 
 Eow-ftring, ftiould I conceal from thee any Thing 
 ich reflects upon the Honour of the Sacred Empire, 
 and the La*w brought down from Heaven by the An 
 
 Thou knoweil, that it is the Cuftom of the Chrijli- 
 'ans, to make Pilgrimages from all Parts of the World 
 to "Jemfaletn, and other Places in the Holy Land; even 
 as tint faithful Muflultnen do to Alec ha and Medina 
 Talnabi in Arabia, where is the Situlchre of our Ih/y 
 Prophet. 
 
 Here are two Noblemen of the firit Rank and 
 Quality at Cdurt, who out of Devotion to their 
 MJfias, went to vifit his fuppofcd Sepulchre; and, 
 in their Travels, palfed through part of Egypt. But 
 when they arrived at a Place called Se.lhia, bordering 
 on the Story Aral? a, they were made a Prey to the 
 Sub-bffce of that Place ; who, undemanding from 
 the Captain of the Caravan, that thefe two were all 
 
 (00
 
 Vol.11, a SP Y at P A RI s. 23 
 
 the Franks he had with him, and that they were Men 
 ci Money, he exafted from them twenty Dollars a- 
 piece for their Heads, contrary to all Law, Juftice, 
 or Precedent ; which they refufmg to pay (as in- 
 deed it was unreaibnable ) the covetous old Sub- 
 J>f<fte commits them to Priion, commanding them to 
 receive an h-ndred Eaftirtadots a piece on the Feet, 
 thinking by this Means to frighten them to a Com- 
 pliance with his Extortion. But they would not pay 
 the Money, chufing rather to fuffer, than encourage 
 fuch Opprellion in corrupt Officers. In the mean 
 Time, the Caravan departs, leaving thefe imprisoned 
 Lords to the Mercy of the Sub-buffic, who finding 
 them inflexible, cauied his Commandments to be put 
 in Execution, and not content with this, orders his 
 Slaves to beat them out of Town. 
 
 The poor Lords knew not whr.it to do under this 
 Misfortune : For they were fo lore with the Blows 
 they had received on their tender Feet, that they 
 were incapable of travelling a- Foot. But, with Mo- 
 ney they prevailed on the Skves to direct them how 
 they might procure Camels, with a Guide. Thisdone, 
 they overtook the Caravan at GaK.fi, and fo rimmed 
 their Pilgrimage. They are now at the Court here, 
 and have made known the Bufmefs to the King, who, 
 'tis faid, has difpatched an Exprtfs to his Ambafliidor 
 at C<,nJ}at>tin')ple, to demand )uitiee on the aforeiaid 
 . Sub-baffle; threat n wig, -that if it be denied, he will 
 cover the Ocean with Ships, and raze the Palace of 
 the Suit fin to the Ground. For theis two Noblemen 
 ire nearly allied to the Royal Family. 
 
 I knew thou wilt defpife the bold Bravado of 
 this King, and fo do I, being allured, That the /- 
 vincible Sultan can fet his Foot on the Necks of for- 
 tv fuch Petty Kings as this. Yet, let us be the Advo- 
 cates of Juftice, by which the refulgent Empire of 
 the Munlmen was firft eitabliflied. Should luch a 
 Villany as this go unpunirhcd, it would encourage 
 
 others
 
 24 LETTERS Writ by Vol. If. 
 
 others in like Cafes, and then there would be nothing 
 but Extortion, and cruel Infolence praftifed by Go- 
 vernors of Towns and Cities on the Road. So bar- 
 barous and inhofpitable Ufage, would provoke all the 
 Princes of the Chriftian Law, to take tip Arms^gainft 
 us. Thus would the moft glorious Empire -in the 
 World, become a Prey to Infidels. 
 
 I know this would fee mifreprefented, were it to 
 t;ome to other Hands than thine. They would fay 
 of me openly, what they have already whifpered in 
 the Cabals of the Seraglio, That Mahmut is in Pcnjion 
 nn-itb the French King. They feek my Life without 
 a Caufe. But I trult it to thy generous and right 
 noble Hands, of whofe Friendship I have had fo late 
 Experience. 
 
 May the frjl Mover of the heavenly Orbs, lead 
 thee as by a Clue of Thread, through the dark Laby- 
 rinth of State -Affairs, and bring thee, after a long 
 and happy Life, to the fields ofendlefs Light. Amen ! 
 thou Lord of Paradife, 
 
 Paris, 26th of the 7*th Moon, 
 of the Tear 1642. 
 
 LETTER XL 
 
 &o Nathan Ben Saddi, a Jew at Vienna. 
 
 'TT Know thee not, and 'tis probable, thou art as 
 ^ little acquainted with me : Yet, I have often ob- 
 terved more durable Friendmips contracted between 
 Strangers, than betwixt thofe of the fame Blood. 
 Good Offices equally deferve and attract Love. 
 There are many Opportunities for Travellers toferve 
 one another. And, he that obliges rue in a firange 
 Country, makes himlelf my Brother. 
 
 I received a Qifpatch from the Rtii Ejfendi at Con-
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 25 
 
 Jlantinople, informing me of the Death of Carcoa> 
 one of the Happy Slaves of him whom God has or- 
 dained to difpenie Felicities to the World : I mean, the 
 Grand Signior, PoJJeJJor of the mofl excited Throne on 
 Earth. He tells me likewife, that I muft expecl from 
 thee the Continuance of Carcoas Office. I congra- 
 tulate thy Honour, in that thou art thought worthy 
 to ferve the great Viceroy of the Lord of the Uni<verfe, 
 to whom is committed the flaming Sword of fuftice, 
 that he may reward Virtue, punifh Vice, and reform 
 the corrupt Manners of Mankind. 
 
 lam a MuJJuhnan, that is, refign'd to God, or elfe 
 it would have rais'd fome Thoughtfulnefs in a Man 
 of my Circumftances, what mould be the Reafon of 
 Carcoas fo long Silence, not having received any 
 Anfwer thefe four Moons to the many Letters I fent 
 him. He was intruded with the Secrets of my Cum- 
 mijfion, and had another been in my Place, he would 
 have fufpedled Treachery. 
 
 Well, he is gone ! gone to the Invifible Regions, 
 to the Receptacles of Juft and Faithful Men, to the 
 pleafant Woods and Groves, the Eternal Blooming 
 Shades and Verdant Fields of Paradife. Follow his 
 Steps, and be happy. 
 
 He was a Man true to his Truft, fedulous and 
 adlive in Bufmefs; punctual in his Appointments ; 
 temperate in a Town flowing with Debaucheries ; 
 juft toward all Men, and devout to God. 
 
 It is neceffary for him that would attain thef Vir- 
 tues, to begin gradually at the loweft Step ; to guard 
 his Serfcs, and fet a Watch upon the Avenues of his 
 Paffions. For a Man becomes neither perfectly Vir- 
 tuous nor Vicious all at once : And a wife Man of 
 thy own Nation, y^fus Ben Sirach, hath faid, He that 
 condemns little Things, Jballfall by little and- lit tie. 
 
 I defire to fend me Car coo's Jcitrnal, with what 
 other Papers he left behind him, except iuch as con- 
 cern his particular Eltate and Affairs. 
 
 C Let
 
 n6 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IT. 
 
 Let me know alfo, how the late Design of the 
 Turks upon Rab, is refented at the German Ccurt; 
 whether the Emperor talks of fending an AmbcJJador 
 to the Sultan about it ? And, whatfoever allb of 
 Moment occurs. 
 
 The Rets Effendi tells me, That Becbir Bafa, the 
 Treafurer, has ordered me five hundred Zecbitis, by 
 the Way of Vienna. I defire thou woukTil be ipeedy 
 and careful in remitting them to Paris. 
 
 Thou needeft no Inftruftions concerning my 
 Lodging, or the Name I go by here ; thofe who 
 appointed thee this Station at Vienna, have informed 
 .thee, no doubt, of all Things neceffary to the Dif- 
 charge of thy Duty. 
 
 Write often to me, and preferve thy Integrity free 
 from Stain 
 
 Paris, 5th of the 8th Moon, 
 of the Year 1642. 
 
 LETTER XII. 
 To Dgnet Oglou. 
 
 I Know thy Genius, and have obferved with what 
 Complacency thou wert wont to perufe thy Uncle 
 Sbela. Raphirns Travels, a Journal writ in Arabick, 
 and full of profitable and wife Remarks ; efpecially 
 that Part of it which treats of France. I will not 
 pretend to add to his Obfervations ; but only acquaint 
 thee with a Novelty which France itfelf ne'er knew 
 in his Days. 
 
 The Women of Duality hereof late, do addidl them- 
 felves to the Study of Pbilofopby, as the Men ; the 
 Ladies efteeming their Education defective, if they 
 
 cannot confute Arijiotle and his Difciples. The Pen 
 fupplamed the E^ercjfc ef t 
 
 ha al moft fupplamed the E^ercjfc ef the Needle ; 
 
 '
 
 Vol. II. a S P Y at P A R i s. 17 
 
 and Ladies Clofets, formerly the Shops of Female 
 Baubles, Toys, and Vanities, are now turn'd to 
 Libraries and Sanctuaries of learned Books. There 
 is a new Star rifen in the French Horizon, whofe 
 Influence excites the nobler Females to this Purfuit 
 of Human Science. It is the renowned Monjieur 
 Des Cartes, whofe Luftre far ,oat-fhines the aged 
 winking Tapers of Peripatetick Philofophy, and has 
 eclipfed the Stagyrite, with all the ancient Lights of 
 Greece and Rome. 'Tis this matchlefs Soul has drawn 
 fo many of the Fairer Sex to the Schools. And they 
 are more proud of the Title [Cartefian] and of the 
 Capacity to defend his Principles, than of their Noble 
 Birth and Blood. 
 
 I know our Grave and Politick Muffulmen will 
 cenfure tke Indulgence of the French to their Wo- 
 men, and accufe them of Weaknefs, in giving fuch 
 Advantages to that witty Sex. But, notwithiland- 
 ing this Severity of the Eajlern Parts, I cannot alto- 
 gether difapprove the Wtftern Gallantry. If Women 
 are to be efteemed our Enemies, methinks it is an 
 ignoble Cowardife thus to difarm them, and not al- 
 low them the fame Weapons we ufe ourfelves : But 
 if they deferve the Title of our Friends, 'tis an inhu- 
 man Tyranny to debar them the Privilege of Inge- 
 nuous Education, which would alfo render their 
 Friendmip fo much more delightful both to them- 
 felves and us Nature is feldom obferved to be nig- 
 gardly of their choiceft Gifts to that Sex, their Sen- 
 les are generally as quick as ours, their Reafon as 
 nervous, their Judgments as mature and felid. Add 
 but to thefe natural Perfc&ions, the Advantage of ac- 
 cjuir'd Learning, what polite and charming Crea- 
 tures will they prove, whilft their external Beaaty 
 does the Office of a Cryftal to the Lamp, not Ihroud- 
 ing but difclofing their brighter Intellects ? Nor 
 rieed we fear to lofe our Empire over them by thus 
 improving their- native Abilities i fince where there 
 C a y
 
 2 S LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 is moft Learning, Senfe and Knowledge, there is ob- 
 ferv'd to be the greateft iVIodefty, and Reftitude of 
 Manners. I fee noReafon therefore, why we fhould 
 make fuch Bugbears of Women, as not to truft them 
 with as Liberal Education as ourfelves. 
 
 I believe, thou fometimes beftoweft a Compaffionate 
 Thought on the ExiFd Mabmut. WoulcTft thou do 
 fomething to alleviate my Melancholy, the next time 
 thou goeft to the Atmidan, tranfcribe what is engraven 
 on the Petit ftals of the Obelijks and Columns ftanding 
 there, and fend it enclofed in a Letter. 
 
 He that is Lord of the Eaft and the Wefti from 
 whofe Throne hang Millions of Stars in Chains of 
 Gold, increafe thy Virtues and Bleffings, and preferve 
 thee from the Poifon of ill Eyes, and malicious 
 Tongues, and bring thee to theF<>/<& ofcndhjs Light. 
 
 Paris, 6th of the 8th Muox, 
 of tie Year 1642. 
 
 LETTER XIII. 
 
 $o Cara Haly, a Phyfician, at Conftan- 
 tinople. 
 
 THerc is a Garden in this City, fo near refem- 
 bling that of the Invincible Vizir Azem, on 
 the Eaft of Pera, that I cannot but fancy my felf 
 near ConJtdntinMe, when I am walking 'in it. It is 
 called the Kings Garden, being allotted by the Royal 
 Bounty of the Kings of France, to the Service and 
 Improvent of Students in Phyfick. There is a 
 Yearly Stipend fettled on an approved Phyfician, 
 to take Care that no kind of Phyfical Plant or 
 Herb be wanting in this Rcyal Seminary. Who al- 
 fo during the whole Summer, is obliged to read a 
 Latin Lecture every Morning, on the Simples there 
 
 growing;
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 19 
 
 growing ; whilft a great Auditory of young Stu- 
 dents, with Books, Pen and Ink in their Hands, 
 wait on him up and down the Alleys, and write down 
 his Difcourfe : He that is now employed in this 
 Office, is a very learned and ingenious Man : He 
 takes great Pains to make all his young Difciples 
 perfect Herlalifts ; for, all the Way as he paiTes along 
 from one Herb to another, he ftoops down, handles 
 the Simple, and explains his verbal Defcription 
 with his Fingers Ends ; giving a moft accurate Ac- 
 count of the minuteft Difference between fuch as 
 feem to be alike, and demonftrating to the Eye, that 
 thofe are two diftindi Plants, which many take to be 
 one ; tracing out their different Families, in the 
 Number, Texture, Shape or Colour of their. Leaves 
 and Flowers : And, this he does with fo graceful an 
 Aclion, fuch eloquent Language, and fo compofed a 
 Spirit, that he charms all that happen to be pre- 
 fent at his Lectures, and makes every Body in Love 
 with the Eotar.icki. The Garden Hands open to all 
 Gentlemen, provided they leave their Swords with 
 the Keeper of the Gate, to prevent Quarrels and 
 Mifchief. 
 
 I enter daily among the reft, and when the Pfy- 
 Jick-Leflure is over, I retire my felf into one of the 
 moft pleafant Shades in the World ; it is a Gravel 
 Walk, the whole length of the Garden, on each fide 
 of which grow lofty Trees, planted fo thick, and 
 intermixing their Leaves and Branches fo clofely 
 at the Top, that they compofe a perfect natural 
 Umbrella over the Walk, from one End to the other, 
 fo that not a Beam of the Sun can enter. And, 
 that which creates in me the greateft Complacency, 
 is, that the farther End of the Walk is not fhut up 
 by a high Wall, as is the Cuftorn in fome Gar- 
 dens ; but whether you are fitting, or ftanding up- 
 right, it opens to you a very agreeable and large 
 Profped. of the Country adjacent to Paris, which 
 C 3 '
 
 .30 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 affe&s the Eye with incredible Delight ; and mine 
 fo much the more, becaufe it perftdlly refembles the 
 Country lying Eaft of Ptra and Conjlantincp/e, which 
 you furrey out of the Grotto's of the aforefaid moft 
 Jlluftrious Vizir dzem. Tis when I am in this 
 Waik, I imagine I breathe the Air of 4Jta, and am 
 within ti.t \ t rge cf the Imperial Seraglio, the Sc.nflua- 
 ry to which ail the diftrsfs'd Princes in the World 
 have Recourfe. 
 
 There are in Paris above an hundred magnificent 
 Palacei, and beautiful Gardens belonging to them ; 
 but noi:e wherein I take fo particular a Delight, as 
 in this Royal Pbyjick Garden. Here I fpend many a 
 folitary Hour, and fometimes I meet with Com- 
 pany. 
 
 1 tell thee, Dear Hafy, that tho' the French are na- 
 turally the moft polifhed and refined People in the 
 World, yet I am many times willing to make Ex- 
 cufes, and leave their Society ; being by the Force of 
 a poweiful Inclination either drawn to this Garden, 
 or to a famous Library in this City, in the Cuftody 
 of certain Rtligicus Dervifes, who at certain Hours 
 of the Day, are obliged to give Attendance t all 
 Gentlemen who are pleaied to fit there and ftudy. 
 
 Toward the Evening I vifit the Hcjpitals, which, 
 are the fineft that ever I faw in the World, and I 
 believe the beft govern'd. There is one named 
 the Hofpital of God, where Perfons of Quality them- 
 felves, and thofe of the frft Rank, come every Even- 
 ing, and wait on the Sick and the Wotmded, doing 
 all the rr.eaneft Offices of inferior , Servants, and 
 this with Abundance of Tendernefs and Humanity. 
 I have feen the niceft and gayeft Ladies of the 
 Court, dreffing the moft fquahd and putrificd Sores 
 of wounded Men, not feeming in the leaft to Be 
 difgufled at the loathfome Sight and Stench of their 
 Ulcers. When one firft enters the Place, one would 
 imagine it to be a Chamber of youg Janixariei ; is 
 
 being
 
 Vol. II. a S P Y at P A R i s. 31 
 
 being a very long and wide GaUery, with Rows of 
 Beds on both Sides, wherein the Sick are difpofed ac- 
 cording to the Order of their coming, or the Nature 
 of their Difeafe The Curtains of the Beds are all 
 of pure white Linen, prettily wrought here and there 
 with Flowers of Needle-work. Their Sheets as white 
 as the Curtains ; and by each Bed ftands a Bafon of 
 clean Water, and a fine Towel laying by it. At the 
 farther End of the Gallery, Hands an Altar railed in, 
 where the Priefts perform their Religious Myileries 
 for the Sick. In fine, all Things in this Place fpeak 
 an exquifite Decorum and Order, with a generous Re- 
 gard to the Health and Life of Man. Three of thefe 
 Galleries make up the whole Hofpital, and it is as 
 pleafant to roe fometimes to walk up and down in 
 tnem, as in a beautiful Garden. 
 
 Certainly, if any Argument could be of Force to 
 recommend Sicknefs as a defirable Thing, it muft be 
 taken from the Circumftances of this Hofpital, or, an 
 Equivalent Ground. I, for my own Part, have often 
 thought, that Death itfelf would not be formidable 
 amidft fo many Ornaments, Sweets and Comforts. 
 If this Publick and Charitable Regard to the Sick, be 
 an Effect of their Religion, 1 cannot be fo partial to 
 deny it a due Acknowledgment, but muft own, that 
 Heroick Virtue and Piety is to be found in an emi- 
 nent Degree, even among the very Infidels. 
 
 Thou wilt pardon me for detaining thee fo long 
 in the Theatre of the Sick and Wounded, and pre- 
 fenting thee with the Tfagicai Scenes of Mortality ; 
 fince it is thy proper Profeflion to converie with the 
 Infirmities, Difeafes and Dolours of Human Bodies, 
 and to be frequently prefent in the Anti-Chambers of 
 Death. 
 
 Suffer me to prefs thee to an Integrity of con- 
 tinual Love and Friendship between us. Let not 
 Miitakes or MUapprehenfions cool this generous Af- 
 C 4
 
 32 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 fe&ion. It is Pity, that either the fpightful Mif- 
 reprelentations of infinuating Back-biters, or our 
 own groundlefs Jealoufics, nnd Sufpicions, fhould 
 diffblve the Union of Faithful .and Loving Friends. 
 I had rather fiiffer a thoufand fmall Injuries, which 
 I know muft proceed from Frailty and Human 
 Necefiity, than not continue to love where I have 
 once pkch'd my true Affeclion. Nothing but ap- 
 parent wilful Perfidioufnefs and Treachery, ought to 
 break the facred and inviolable Band of Fticndfhip. 
 Fidelity and Love cover a Multitude of lefler Faults. 
 He that breaks with his Friend for fmall Errors, 
 difcovers the Rafhnefs and Inconftancy of his Mind, 
 and that his Friendfliip was never well grounded. 
 For, had he been a wife Man, he would either have 
 been more flow and cautious in the Choice of his 
 Friend ; or having once contracted Friend fhip, he 
 would not break it again for a lefs Crime than ma- 
 nifeft Difloyalty. But thou, who haft ever purfued 
 me with all the Offices of a generous and faithful 
 Friend j bearing with many Infirmities and Failings, 
 deft not deferve this Cenfure. Yet, conficering the 
 Instability of all Human Affairs, I could not for- 
 bear putting thee in Mind ef thefe Things ; left, 
 through the Malice of Fortune, or the Envy of Men, 
 or any other Caufe, thou ftiould'ft withdraw thy Af- 
 feclion from me, which I value above all Temporal 
 Blefiings. For, befides the many Favours I have 
 received at thy Hands, whereby I am obliged in. 
 Honour and Gratitude to love thee perpetually ; a 
 Spark of Natural, or rather of Divine Affeclion. 
 was kindled in my Breaft, from the firft Time I 
 converfed with thee ; whether it proceeds from Agree- 
 ablenefs and Harmony of Spirits, or fome lecret 
 Operation, I know not. But, fure I am, and would 
 have thee reft confident, That there is not a Man in 
 the World, who loves and honours thee with greater 
 Fidelity than I do. 
 
 The
 
 Vol.11. a SPY at PARIS. 33 
 
 The Great and Eternal Lord of the Univerfe, in- 
 creafe and multiply thy Virtues and Bleffings, and 
 make thee Illuftrious in thy Generation ; granting 
 alfo this Happinefs to me, That after a lafting and 
 true Friendmip between us on Earth, I may drink 
 with thee of the Rivers of Pleafure, which glide a- 
 long the Fields of Paradife ; 'and that I may fee thy 
 Face brighter than the Stars of Heaven. Amen ! 
 Amen ! O thou Lord of the Worlds. 
 
 Paris, 6th of the 8th Moon, 
 of the Tear 1642. 
 
 LETTER XIV. 
 
 To the Kaimacham. 
 
 I Take the beft Meafures for Intelligence, yet I can- 
 not gain a Sight or a Copy of all the ExpreJJcs 
 that come to this Court ; nor can I learn their Import 
 as foon as they arrive. The Minijlers of State here, 
 are the Sepulchres of News, they bury all in Silence. 
 
 This is the Reafon that I fometimes have been 
 forced to fend thee an Account of many Events, long 
 after they happened. My laft Letter was an Abftraft 
 of the French Conquefts in Catalonia, from the Be- 
 ginning of the Year to the Moon laft paft. 
 
 After the King of France had retired from the 
 Camp before Perpignan, the Marefchal de Mejleraye 
 applied himfelf vigorously to perfect the Batteries, 
 Redoubts, and other Works. Whilft the King of Spain 
 was hourly perplexed with Cares and Anxieties, for 
 this important Place. 
 
 The Extremities to which it was reduc'd, haften*d 
 
 his Preparations for an effeftual Relief. He fent 
 
 Orders to the MarquiJ/ei ofTarrstcufe, of Lfganez and 
 
 Mortuire, to raife the Flower of ArrazonwcA. Caftile. 
 
 C 5 The
 
 34 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IT. 
 
 The Viceroy of Naples, furnilhed out a confiderable 
 Fleet, it being the Catholick King's Refolution either 
 to fuccour Perpignan, and raife that Siege, or take 
 Barcelona by way of Rcprizal. 
 
 Jn the mean while, the new Marefcbal de la Motbe, 
 fiufh'd with the late Favour he receiv'd from his Ma- 
 iler the French King, and fpurr'd on with the Thirft 
 of Glory ; entered like a Torrent with his Troops 
 into Valentia, \vhich at that Time lay naked and un- 
 guarded. 
 
 The firft Thing he did, was, To furprize a Convoy 
 of the Marquis of L'ganez, who were carrying an. 
 extraordinary Piece of Cannon to Vi<vero3. 
 
 The French b.oke through their Foot with their 
 accuftomed Fury, and killed more than thirty Horfe, 
 taking as many Prisoners. They fent the Cannon to 
 the Camp at Reoux. 
 
 Thou feeft, fage Mini ft er, how neceflary a Qualifi- 
 cation it is in a Sovereign Prince, to difcern and re- 
 ward the Merits of his Servants. Men of Virtue are 
 animated with frefh Vigour, when their Alions are 
 acknowledged. Of this the ever victorious Sultans 
 of the Ottoman Empire are very fenfible, who value 
 the Abilities and Services of their Slaves, before any 
 Confideration of Noble Blood or Riches ; railing 
 Men from Nothing, to the highefl Dignities of the 
 Empire. 
 
 The Marefchal, after this Exploit took the Towns 
 of Tamarit and Mtufw ; but the Caftle belonging to 
 the latter, was furrendred upon Articles the fourteenth 
 of the laft Moon. 
 
 Whilft thefe Things were tranfaled on the Land, 
 the Navies were not idle by Sea. The Matquis of 
 grez-e fet upon the Spani/h Admiral, at he lay at An^ 
 chor near Fi<ofnu ; and, not being able to clifengage 
 the Vefiel from the Shallows, he fet it on Fire, to- 
 gether with another of equal Burden. 
 
 This
 
 Vok II. a SPY at PARIS. 35 
 
 This was only an Exploit by the By*:, and as it lay- 
 in his Road to Barcelona, where the whole Spanijh Fleet 
 were arrived, with Defign to aflault the Town by Sea. 
 
 The Marquis de Breze made all the Sail he could 
 toward them ; but the Wind not favouring his De- 
 fign, he was forced to make ufe of his G allies. In 
 a Word, the Spaniards loft four Ships in this Fight, 
 and three mare on the firft of this Moon. 
 
 Thus Perpignan is in no likelihood of Relief. I 
 will fend thee all the Intelligence I receive of this 
 important Siege. 
 
 Paris, i oth of the 8th Moan, 
 of the Tear 1642. 
 
 LETTER XV. 
 
 ^0 Ifoiaf, his Kitjfman. 
 
 I Have received thy Letter, and congratulate thy 
 fafe Return to Conftantinople. The Bleffing of 
 Mahomet be upon thee, for the Sacrifice thou madeft 
 on Abrahams Mountain on my Behalf, and for the 
 Alms thou gaveft to blot out my Sins. Hadft thou 
 fent me the Sacred Relick I defired, I would multiply 
 Benediflions on Ifouf my Coufin. It is but a trifling 
 Excufe to fay, thou eouldft not procure that which 
 is denied to no Pilgrim. The Emir of Mecca expefti 
 that every one who vifits that Holy of Holies, mould 
 purchafe a Piece of the old Hanging, when it is yearly 
 taken down. This is his Fee, and thou haft at ORCC 
 defrauded him of his Due, fruftrated my Hopes, and 
 weaken'd the Merit of thy Pilgrimage. 
 
 But I will not be querulous ; perhaps thou wert 
 
 afraid of wanting Money in the reft of thy Journey. 
 
 Thy Letter is very fhort, and full of Referve, hardly 
 
 vouchfafing to make an Apology for thy long Silence 
 
 C 6 tho'
 
 36 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IL 
 
 tbo' it be now the nine and thirtieth Moon fince thou 
 firit rartedft from Conjiantinople, without giving me 
 any Account what was become of thee. 
 
 Sometimes I thought thou wert over-whelm'd in 
 the Sards of Arabia, or that feme wild Bead had 
 devour'd thee. At other times, I imagined thou 
 mighfft die of Thirft, in thofe dry and barren De- 
 farts. When the Ccravan returned at theaccuftomed 
 Time, and no Tidings of Ifouf, I could not divine 
 that thou wert gone into Pcrjta, or that thou would'ft 
 travel through all the Eajt, as thy Letter inform* 
 me. 
 
 I fho. Id be proud of my Kinfman, were I fatis- 
 fied what Improvements he has made in fo tedious a 
 Journey. Thy Letter fpeaks thee not a Traveller; 
 thou art a Churl in not communicating to me thy 
 Adventures and Observations, in fo many Countries 
 as thou haft pafs'd through. 
 
 Tell me, Ifouf, What was the Motive which put 
 thee upon fuch a hazardous Fatigue ? Thou wert a 
 Man of great Faith to truft thy felf to the Conduct 
 of the Perjian, who invited thee along with him. 
 It is a Sign thou haft a roving Soul, or elfe thou 
 woaldft not upon fuch eafy Terms have abandon'd 
 the Company of thy Fellow- Travellers and Friends, 
 to join thy felf to a Stranger ; an Enemy to thy Na- 
 tion, a Htretick. 'Tis true, a Peace was juft then 
 concluded between the Gn.nd Signior and the Scpbi 
 of Pcrjla ; and fo there was no Danger of thy being 
 fnapp'd for a Spy, and facrificed to the Jealoufy of 
 State. But thou expofed'ft thy felf to 'the Gr/mr/s 
 cf Fortune, and the wavering Temper of a Man, 
 who, for ought thou knewelt, might have fome ill 
 Dtfign upon thee. 
 
 Tell me, cid'ft thou not meet with great Temp- 
 tations at Ifpahan ? Could'ft thou withfland the 
 Charms of Perji^n luxury? It mull needs be a 
 furprixing Novelty, to fee the Ladies of the Ccurt 
 
 frolicking
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 37 
 
 frolicking and revelling in the Houfes of Pleafure 
 without the City, fo contrary to the auflere Culloms 
 of our Women at Conflantinople. 
 
 Well ! I will believe thee chafte in the midft of 
 Courtezans, ibber in Company of Drunkards, and, 
 that the Spark who pick'd thee up at Medina made 
 no Attempts to debauch thy Virtue ; yet thou can'fl 
 not blame this Raillery, when thou confidereft the 
 diflblute Manners of that Nation. And I will tell 
 thee ingenuoufly, that I find it very irkfome to abitain 
 from Wine, in a Country, whtre every Body drinks 
 it but myfelf. 
 
 But, thou giveft me no Character of thy Perjian 
 Friend, er his Quality. He might, for ought I know, 
 be fome Knight Errant, and thou his Squire, and To 
 you rambled together up and down Afia to feek Ad- 
 ventures, for thou art not fo complaifant to tell me 
 the EfFecl of thy Travels. 
 
 Had I been in thy Place, I mould have made it 
 iny Bufinefs to enquire* into the Laws and Reli- 
 gions of thofe Countries through which I patted. I 
 mould have taken Notice of the Strength and Situa- 
 tion of their Cities and Caftles ; their Manner of 
 Building and Fortifications ; the Difcipline of their 
 Soldiers ; what navigable Rivers they have, and 
 which were the mofl eminent Places of Commerce 
 and Traffick. 
 
 When thou wert in the.Gar^ of the Great Mogul, 
 it had been worth thy Obfervation, to fee the 
 Grandeur of this Moqarch, who never goes into 
 the Field with lefs than two hundred thoufand 
 Men. Thou fhouldeft have remarked alfo the Ufe 
 the Indians make of Elephants in their Battels. It 
 had not been amifs to have caft an Eye into their 
 Temples in this Country, where thou wouid'ft have 
 beheld the execrable Devotions of thefe Idolaters, 
 \vh.o worfhip the Devil under hideous Forms. But 
 above all, 1 fliould have been greedy to fee the In- 
 dian
 
 3& LETTERS Writ by Vol. II.. 
 
 dian Women throw themfelves into the Funeral Pile 
 after their dead Hufbands. And, before I parted from 
 the Country, 1 fhould have fought the Converfation 
 of their Gymnofopbifts or Brackmans, Thefe are in fe 
 great Reputation for their Wifdom, Sandity, and 
 incorrupt Manners, that the greateft Potentates have 
 Recourse to them in all Difficulties, as to divine 
 Oracles. 
 
 China alfo would have afforded thee Matter of Ob- 
 fervation and Remark. 
 
 Thefe People fay cf themfelves, That they fee 
 with both Eyes, the Mahometans with one, and all 
 the reft of the World are ftark blind. But in my 
 Opinion, the Ct-iaefeic&n-be but pur-biind themfelves, 
 fmce they fee no farther than the Mountains which, 
 environ their own Country ; it not being permitted 
 to the Subjects of that Empire to travel. Yet, to give 
 them their due, They are a very ingenious People, 
 envied by all tke World for their Art in making 
 Porphyry. 
 
 1 ftiould be glad to know, if whilft thou wert m 
 this Country, thou ever faweft any of thofe failing 
 Waggons, which are faid to be ufed there.. 
 
 It would be very obliging, to. fend me a particu- 
 lar Relation of thy Travels thefe three Years. Thou 
 wilt not be angry, that I am folicitous for thy Good. 
 The End of Travelling is, to gain Experience and 
 Wifdom. If thou halt attained this, I fhall re- 
 joice. The Deiire of Knowledge has caufed many 
 famous Men to come about the World. This lead 
 Pythagoras into Palefiine and Egypt. This made 
 Plato to leave Athens, to go and learn of Arcbytas 
 the PkUcfopher at Ttretitum in Italy. And the fame 
 Motive carried Apollonius through the greateft Part of 
 AJia and Africa. 
 
 But I would not have thee confine thy Search 
 to their Meafures. For they only coveted for to 
 know the Myfteries of Nature. Whereas, if thou 
 
 travelled
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 3? 
 
 travelleft again, I would advife thee to acquaint thy- 
 felf with the Conftitutions of Kingdoms and States, 
 whereby thou mayeft be ferviceable to our Great Ma- 
 J}?}', the Grcend Signior>. Lord of the fe*ven C/imatet, 
 for whofe Sake the Elements are reftrained within their 
 Bounds, and Nature itfelf keeps on her Courfe. 
 
 Coufin, I pray the great Godto poliflr thy Soul with 
 rational Principles, and make thee ufeful in thy Gene 
 ration ; for no Man is born for himfelf. Adieu. 
 
 Paris, i jth of the 8th Moon, 
 if the Year 1642. 
 
 LETTER XVI. 
 
 20 Berber Muflapha, Aga at Conilan- 
 tinoplc. 
 
 !Sent thet a Letter k the Conclufion of the lad 
 Year, concerning the Duke of Lorrain, and the 
 ifs of his Eitate : Since which he feems to have loft 
 himfelf; being Excommunicatfd\sy the Pope who is to 
 the Chrijlians what our Mufti is to true Believers. 
 
 If thou knowefl not what it is to be Excommunicated 
 by the Pope, I will inform thee in few Words. 
 
 Thofe who lie un^er this Cenfure, are forbid to en- 
 ter into any of their Churches, or in the leaft to par- 
 take of what they effeem Holy. All Chriftians are 
 commanded to fhun their Company ; they areefteem- 
 ed as bad as Hereticks ; banifh'd human Society, aud 
 given over to- the Dcvi/t 
 
 The Occafion of pafling this fo fevere a Sentence 
 on a Sovereign Prince, thou wilt imagine was great ; 
 and yet it was only for putting away his firft Wife, 
 and marrying another, A Thing commonly pra- 
 
 aifed
 
 40 LETTERS fflrit by Vol. IL 
 
 ftifed all over the'EaJ?. Should our Mufti's have the 
 fame Power, there would be but few Mujjulmen in the 
 f acred Mcfques. 
 
 But, thefe Infdch call Marriage a great Sacrament* 
 and eileem it as violated when a Man repudiates hi* 
 Wife ; Divorces being not allowed in any Part of 
 Christendom, unlefs in Cafe of Adultery. 
 
 People talk varioufly of the Pope's Cenfure. Thofe 
 who favour the Countefs of Cantecroix, murmur at 
 the Excommunication, calling it a Breach of Privi- 
 leges, an unheard-of Innovation, an Attempt upon 
 the Life of the Prince. They add alfo, that he ought 
 firft to have been cited, and his Cafe heard by the 
 Court, according to the Canons and Decrees of Coun- 
 cils. 
 
 On the other Hand, there are who juftify this 
 Proceeding of the Pcpe, and accufe the Duke of bar- 
 barous Ingratitude, for leaving his lawful Wife, by 
 whom he got his Eftate, and with whom he had lived 
 many Years. 
 
 Hewever, the Duke f Lorrain has publifhed a 
 Protejlation againft the Papers Proceedings, and caufed 
 his Procurator General to do the like ; 'writing Let- 
 ters alfo to the Prefidenis and Counfellort of the Sove- 
 reign Court of Lorrain and Barois, commanding them 
 not to take any Notice of the Pcpis Cenfure ; it be- 
 ing actually null and void, becaufe contrary to the 
 fundamental Laws of the Church. 
 
 It is to be obferved here, That this excommunicated 
 Prince in the Conclufion of his Proteji, appeals ne- 
 verthelefs to the Sovereign Bijhcp, whn he mail be 
 better informed, ftill profeiung an eternal Obedience 
 to the Church. 
 
 It is a ftrange unaccountable Power, the Popes of 
 Rome claim over Empercrs and Princes. In his pub- 
 lick Letters, Briefs, or Patents, he ftyles himfelf, 
 the Servant of the Servant s of God; yet, in his Acti- 
 ons, he aflumes a Sovereignty over Kings, calling all 
 
 the
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 4t 
 
 the Princes in Ckrijlendom, bis Sons, and chaftifmg 
 them as fuch, when he fees Occafion. All this pro- 
 ceeds from the Difference they made between the 
 temporal and fpiritual Sword. So, that when their 
 Forces have been routed, the City of Rome fack'd, 
 and themfelves taken Prifoners by the Force of the 
 former ; yet they have at the fame Time, by the Dint 
 of the Jacter, fubdued their Conquerors, and in the 
 midft of Captivity celebrated a Triumph. 
 
 Spare not to command me, if thou canft propofe 
 any Method of doing thee Service. 
 
 God, the EJ/ence of Ejfenccs, purify us, and wa!h 
 "away our ImperfecYo.is. 
 
 Paris, 2 gth of the 8th Moon, 
 of the Tear 1642. 
 
 LETTER XVII. 
 
 'To Eedredin, Superior of the Dervifes of 
 the Convent of Cogni, in Natolia. 
 
 AR T thou alive, venerable old Man, or muft I 
 expeft my Anfwer in the other World ? I have 
 often writ to thee, and more often enquired after thy 
 Health, when I had Opportunity ; but have received 
 no Anfwer, nor heard any News of thee thefe feven 
 Moons ; which feerri fo many Years, to a Man who 
 would be ready to die for Joy, could he receive the 
 leaft Affurance that thou' art yet alive. 
 
 Without Doubt, thou Jiveft where-ever thou art, 
 and livcft in perfect Joy and Peace, the Rewards of 
 thy confummate Sanctity a>>d Virtue. Either thou 
 ftill enjoyeft a Heaven on Earth, thy incorrupt Soul 
 being a Paraflife to itfelf ; or, thou haft tranflated thy 
 Refidence from Earth to Heaven, to augment the 
 Number and Joys of the Blefled, 
 
 Well!
 
 41 LETTERS Writ ly Vol. If. 
 
 Well ! I will fuppofe and hope thou art alive, and 
 that thib Letter will come to thy Hand : I will there- 
 fore make thee an acceptable Prefent. 
 
 Thou haft often fpoke with much Affection and 
 Reverence of JESUS ; the MeJJlas of the Chriflians, 
 as all good Mujjiilmtn ought to do ; being taught 
 by the Alcoran in feveral Chapters, that he was a 
 holy Prophet, and in die Number of the divine Fa- 
 vourites. 
 
 I have met with an authentick Defcription of his 
 Perfon in the King's Library, and have tranflated it 
 into Arc.bick for thy Satisfaction. Publius Lentulus 
 being Prifident of Judea, fent it to the Senate of 
 Rome, when the Fame of JESUS began to fpread 
 abroad in the World. Thefe are his Words. 
 
 THERE lives at this Time in Judea, a Man 
 ofjingular Virtue, tuhofe Name is Jefus Chrift. 
 Whom the Barbarians efteem a Prophet ; but his 
 (wen Followers adore him as the Off-fpring of the Iro- 
 mortal Gods. He calls buck the Dead from their 
 Graves, and heals all Sorts of Difeafes- 'with a Word, 
 er a Tcuch. He is tall and ivell-Jhafed ; of an Ami- 
 able, Reverend Affcfl ; his Hair of a Colour that 
 can hardly be matched, falling into graceful Curls be- 
 hvu his Ears, and very agreeably couching on his 
 Shoulders, farted' on the Crown of the Head like the 
 Nazarites. His Fore-head is fmooth and large, his 
 Cheeks 'without other Spot, fatie that of a lovely Red. 
 His Nofe and Mouth form d <u>ith exqujjite Symmetry. 
 His Beard thick, and of a Colour fuitable to the Hair 
 of his Head, reaching an Inch beloiv his Chin, and 
 farting in the Middle like a Fork. His Eyes bright, 
 clear and ferene. He rebukes with Mcjcfty, counfeh 
 with Mildnefs ; his ivhole Addrefs, <whtther in Word 
 or Deed, being Eligant and Grave. No Man basfeen 
 kirn laugh, but he has <vueft frequently. He is very 
 Temperate, Modi ft and Wife. A Man for his excel'. 
 
 lent
 
 Vol. II. a SP Y at PA R i s. 43 
 
 lent Beauty and divine Perfections, furpaffing the Chil- 
 dren of Men. 
 
 I fend thee this Pifture of the Cbrijlians MeJJias, 
 not drawn by the Pencil of the Painter, but by the 
 Pen of a Roman Governor, and therefore it may pafs 
 for authentick. I have often heard thee praife the 
 Original, and condemn fome too fuperflitious MuJJul- 
 men, who, in their miftaken Zeal for the Alcoran, 
 have blafphemed this Holy Prophet; a Man whom the 
 Alcore.n iifelf mentions in feveral Chapters, llyling 
 him, The Breath and Word of God. 
 
 Certainly, Malediction becomes not the Mouth of 
 a true Believer ; and he, who curfes GOD, or any of 
 the hundred and twenty four thoufand Prophets, mail 
 be excluded their Society in Paradife. 
 
 I give thee a final Adieu, O holy Dervife; deft- 
 ring, That this Character of the Mtffiah may be tran- 
 fcnbed in Letters of Gold on Silken Paper, and laid 
 up in the Library of thy Convent. Adieu. Live 
 for ever. 
 
 Paris, 2 jth of the 8th Moon, 
 of' the Tear 1642. 
 
 L E T T E R XVIIL 
 
 'Zo the Kaimacham. 
 
 VArious are the Difcourfes of People in this- 
 Place concerning the Reduction of Afac. For, 
 Paris, like Athens of old, is the Receptacle of all the 
 News in the World. 
 
 _ The French are naturally a Martial People, de- 
 lighting much in the Affairs of War ; and when 
 the News came lad Year of Raifmg the Siege of 
 #ac, with all the Particulars of the Defendants 
 
 Bravery,.
 
 44 LETTERS Writ ty Vol. II. 
 
 Bravery, notwithftanding the Union of fo great For- 
 ces againft them ; they highly applauded the Valour 
 and Conftancy of the Coffacks, whom neither Threats 
 nor Promi es, gentle Means, nor vigorous Ailaults 
 could prevail upon to furrende'r up their Town, but 
 forced their Befiegers to return home wkh the Lois 
 of above twelve thoufand Turks, befides Moldavians, 
 Walacbians, and Tartars, 
 
 But now they begin to change their Notes, and 
 to admire the invincible Force of the Ottoman Arms, 
 which hew their Way through the moft formidable 
 Difficulties, to lay Empires, Kingdoms, and States at 
 the Feet of our victorious Sultan. 
 
 I have received a particular Account from Nathan 
 Ben Saddi, of the taking of that City. He tells me, 
 that at the News of thoie great Preparations which 
 were making by Land and Sea againft it, the Inhabi- 
 tants being denied the Protection of the Mufeovitet, 
 which was their fole Refuge in this Extremity, aban- 
 doned the Town, carrying with u.em their Goods, 
 and demolimhrg their Houfes, fo that there was bat 
 fmall Prey left for our Soldiers. 
 
 It is the general Difcourfe of this Court, that there 
 is a Son born to Sultan Ibrahim. 1 mould heartily 
 rejoice, were I affured the News was true ; but, there 
 is no Difpatch ;;s yet to confirm it. Befides, I have 
 received Advice from Conflaatixople, which almoft 
 diicourages me from ever hoping for fo fortunate an, 
 Event. 
 
 God lengthen thy Days, and make thee happy both 
 in this World, and in Paradife. 
 
 Paris, zjth of the 8th Moon, 
 of the Yi.ir 1642. 
 
 LETTER,
 
 Vol.11. a SPY at PARIS. 4$> 
 
 LETTER XIX. 
 fb Muftapha, Bafla of Siliflria. 
 
 THOU haft no Reafon to repine at the Exchange 
 of thy Government, tho' thy present Power 
 be circumfcribed within narrower Limits than it was 
 in Egypt. That Granary of the World, never afford- 
 ed thee fuch a Harveft of Laurels as thou reapedft on. 
 the Banks of the Black Sea. The Conqueft of Ajfac 
 has loaded thee with Honours, and the Moderation 
 thou haft in tke midft of Triumphs, has captivated 
 greater Numbers of the Cojjacks, than could the Dint 
 of thy Cymetar. Tho 1 the Foundations of Kingdoms 
 are laid in Blood, yet the Superftrticlure is cemented 
 with Clemency ; and the Raman Co-far s, by timely 
 fheathing their Swords, fattened to their Empire toe 
 Provinces they had won by drawing them. 
 
 I am bound to write often to the Minijlcrs of the 
 Port, and all my Moments are confecrated to the 
 Service of the Grand Signicr, who has a Right to 
 command all Mankind : Yet the Fame of thy late 
 Vidlory reaching thefe Parts, and giving Occafion of 
 Difcourfe, I ftole this Time from my felf, no: from 
 my Great Mafier (it being the Hour of Sleep) to tell 
 thee what the World fays of thee. 
 
 They do not compare thee to Hannibal, Sdpio, or 
 Alexander the Great ; thou thy felf would^l take him 
 for a Flatterer, that mould ufe fuch an Expreflion : 
 But they fay, the Method thou haft taken to fweeten 
 the Calamities of the Co/jacks, and invite them back 
 to their abandoned Habitations, has fome Refem- 
 blance with the Conduft of Sclim, a General of Or- 
 cbattes's Army ; who, after he had taken the City of 
 Prufu, forbid his Soldiers, on Pain of Death, to 
 touch the Goods of the Inhabitants, or commit any 
 infolent Adion. The Moderation of this Conqueror, 
 
 not
 
 46 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 not only rendred the Citizens eafy and willing tofub- 
 mit to their new Lord, but, the Fame of it fpreading 
 abroad, he with little Bloodfhed, reduced all the ad- 
 joining Countries under Subjection. 
 
 It is reported of the great and victorious Saladine, 
 that he took more Pleafure in winning the Hearts of 
 his Enemies, than in conquering their Perfons. This 
 Prince had a Saying very common in his Mouth, That 
 be did the Office of a Barber and Gardiner, /hawing 
 the Superfluities, find pruning the Excrcfcencies of over - 
 grown Kingdoms and States, not dejlroying them Root 
 and Branch. 'Tis certain, he endeavoured in all his 
 Conquefts to mollify the Averfion of his Enemies, 
 by Ads of Generofity. 
 
 Thou wilt expeft fome News from a Man in my 
 Poft, and I cannot entertain thee with more agree- 
 able Intelligence, than what is the common Theme 
 of Difcourfe at this Time. 
 
 Edward, Duke of Parma, has entered into the 
 Pofis Territories with three thoufand feleft Horfe, 
 where he marches, dragooning up and down the Coun- 
 try, bringing Terror and Confufion where -ever he 
 comes. He conquers without drawing his Sword, 
 the Papers Army flying before him. 
 
 This Prince is by Nature very fierce and aftive, 
 and has a peculiar Gift of obliging his Soldiers, by 
 treating them with a frank, affable Carriage, free 
 from the {lately Refervednefs to which Men in Au- 
 thority are accuftomed. By this Deportment, he has 
 infenfibly fiole their Affeftions; they are ready to fol- 
 low him all over the World. 
 
 When the Princes of Italy fall out with one an- 
 other, they generally engage the Trench and the 
 Spaniards in the Quarrel. But the Duke of Parma 
 refufed the Afliftance which the former proffered 
 him of two thoufand Men, provided they might 
 be difpofed in Garrifons; he was jealous, left the 
 French defignd to play their old Game ; and, that 
 
 when
 
 Vol.11, a SPY *t PARIS. 47 
 
 \vhen they were once hoafed in his Cities and ftrong 
 Holds, it would be difficult o unkennel them. 
 
 He has a new Way of winning Towns, carrying 
 with, him neither Infantry, Cannon, Ammunition, 
 nor any other Provifions neceffary to a Campaign. Yet 
 when he approached towards Simula in his Road to 
 Bologna, the Governor fent the Keys of the Town 
 to him in his March ; which he made no other Ufe 
 of, than to give his Troops a Pafiage through the 
 Place, refigning them up again. By thefe noble Acts 
 he paved himfelf an eafy Way through ibtEccbjiaftitk 
 State ; his Army being furniuYd with Victuals in 
 Abundance, without Plunder or Jnfolency. . 
 
 The firft Occaiion of this Quarrel proceeded from 
 fome Contempt pat upon the Prince of Parma, at 
 the Court of Rome, by the Nephews of Pope Urban : 
 And the Difgufls have fmce been improved to that 
 Height, as to engage the State of Venice, the Grand 
 Duke Of Tufcany, the Duke of Modeita, and other 
 Princes, in the Care of the general Intereft of Italy. 
 
 They proceed with Mediations and Overtures of 
 Peace in one Hand, vvhilft the Sword is brandifiYd 
 with the other ; amufing one another with Treaties 
 to gain Time. The Lois of Cajlro, a Itrong Town 
 on the Borders of the Ecdefr.jlical State, fpurs on 
 the Duke of Parma to revenge himfelf on the Bar* 
 bcrims ; whilft the Rtpublick of Venice ftrives to miti- 
 gate his Fiercenefs, and accommodate Affairs, efpou- 
 iing his Caufe, but fearful of his Ramnefs, left his 
 impetuous Humour m<5uld carry him to the Walls of 
 Rome, and bring Things to Extremities For, all the 
 Princes of Italy profels an inviolate Obedience to the 
 Pope, who feems to inherit the Authority of the an- 
 cient Roman Emperors. 
 
 Thou may 'ft comprehend by what I have faid, 
 how eafy it were at fuch a Juncture, when all the 
 .Principalities in Italy are (as it were) disjointed, to 
 bring them under the Yoke of a Foreign Power. 
 
 This
 
 4& LETTERS Writ ly Vol. IT. 
 
 This is what the Sprniards and French have for a long 
 Time been nibbling at: And, whereof thej&teftffflt 
 
 of Venice are fo jealous, that they never fide with 
 one Party to the Ruin of another, but endeavour to 
 keep all the Interefts of Italy in an Equilibrium, 'till 
 they are reconciled and united, left the Party which 
 finds itfelf moft weakened, fhould fetk the Protection 
 of one of thofe potent Crowns ; who would not fail 
 to ftrike two Strokes for themfelves, if they are de- 
 fired to ftrike one for the opprefled Italian. 
 
 The Chriftians call Italy the Garden of Europe ; 
 and if the Alldion may hold, the King of Spain has 
 poffefled himfelf of two ftately Grotfo's in it, Naples 
 and Milan ; yet, 'tis a Queftion, whether the Coft 
 in maintaining thefe two Cities, will countervail the 
 Honour of being their Sovereign at fuch a Diftance. 
 The fame may be faid of his Dominions in Mexico 
 and Peru. This is the peculiar Happinefs of the 
 Ottoman Empire, that all the Members of fo vaft a 
 Body lie contiguous to each other. 
 
 The Monarch of the World above, and this below, 
 increafe the Territories of our invincible Sultan, 
 and by continually fupplying our Armies with fuch 
 fortunate Leaders as Muftapha, fubdue ail Nations to 
 the true Faith. 
 
 Paris, 29th of the 8th Moon, 
 of the Tear 164.2. 
 
 LETTER 
 
 i the Reis EfFendi, Principal Secretary 
 of State. 
 
 IHave heard with Sorrow, the Difappointment the 
 Sultans Forces met with in the taking of Rab. 
 
 I he 

 
 Vol. II. a S p Y at P A R i s. 49 
 
 The Chrijliaws accufc him of Breach of the Capitu- 
 lation, on which a Peace was concluded for twenty 
 Years, between the Happy Port, and the Emperor of 
 Germany. 
 
 If the Stratagem by which they defign'd to take 
 this Town, be ;ru^y related to me, it feems to be a 
 Copy of the Grecian Artifice in taking Troy, bating 
 the Difference ef many Carts, and one Wooden 
 Horfe. 
 
 That Officer who difcovered the Intrigues, tho' he 
 had hunted in vain all the former Part of the Day, 
 yet returned with good Game at laft, when he had 
 enfnared our carted Soldiers within the Toils, got 
 them within the Wall* of the City, and drawn up 
 the Draw Bridge upon the Ambufh which lay behind. 
 The Emperor, it feems, takes it mightily to Heart ; 
 and, as I hear, has lent an AmbaJJader to the Per/, 
 to complain of this Tranfaftion, 
 
 The Court here is not very felicitous for his Inte- 
 reft, nor will they be much troubled to find that his 
 &nkdffadw has but a cold Reception at Conjluntinople. 
 For, the DiJ:rences between the Kings of France* 
 and the Houfe of Anjlria are too deeply grounded, 
 to fuffer any good Underftanding or Affe&ion to take 
 Place between them. 
 
 And the Cardinal of RicUitu was heard to fay, 
 not many Days ago, That fence the German Eagle 
 tvasfo greedy, hi would give her a Bone to pick 'would 
 break bir Bill. This was fpoken in relation to the 
 Etnperers Encroachments on the Palatinate, and his 
 Seizures of Juliers and Trpvss. 
 
 I anr glad to hear that the League is renewed be- 
 tween the Shining Port and the Kings of Perfea, that 
 fo the Nerves of the Sacred Empire may be wholly 
 employed in Hungary. 
 
 Paris, 1 2th of .the gth Moon t 
 of the Tear 1642. 
 
 D LET-
 
 50 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 LETTER XXI. 
 
 70 Enguruli Emir Chcik, a Man of the L/?w, 
 
 THIS Wejtern World lies drown'd in Wicked- 
 nefs ; or rather, is fet on Fire with Sin. I 
 fweat while I am within the Confines of the Air of 
 Cbriftcndom. An univerfal Feftilence infects the 
 Souls of Men, from whence their Woi'ds breathe no- 
 thing but Contagion. Even fuch as one would take 
 for Hdy Suiu. s, are mire Cbtats ; and like thofe Fruits 
 that grow en tl.e lanks of the Lake Jtfpbultitcs t 
 they are fair and beautiful without, but bring them. 
 tq the TotcWiOne, and you will find, them mere 
 Corruption at.d Roitennefs wilhin. The Lait\ open- 
 ly wallow in all Debauchery and licentious Practices. 
 Nor are the CLrgy Icfs exempt from fecret Enormi- 
 ties ; while the Eccltfiaf.uk Veilmentfi ferve but as 
 Cloaks to Pride, Ambition, Coveioufnefs, and other 
 concomitant Vices. The Sword of Jujlice itfelf, or 
 at leaft, that which ought to be fo, ferves to divide 
 the Spoils of the Puor, the Widsiv, and the O>j>bun. 
 Jn Court and Cump all Oiaces are bought and fold, 
 without regard to Merit, or the Publick Gcod. He 
 that bids nigheft, is firft pr< fcn'd ; and, the bed- 
 money Id Chapnlan, is the rat-it njeriiorious Candi- 
 date. Thefe are the Efcapes of Princes, and the Be- 
 fii;ns of Favourites ; whilft'the Eailnds of the One, 
 abufed by the Craft and Sabtlety of the Other, ex- 
 pofes Places of higheft Truft, ai in 'anC Exchange, to 
 bacome the Merchandize of every Peddling Huckfler : 
 And brave and generous Souls are many Times put 
 by, tlio' the R--.yul Promife it felf has pafs'd in their 
 Behalf. This is eminently the Unhappinefs of the 
 French Court : And, 'tis thought, the la:e Duke of 
 Lnyncs, and the prefent Cardinal Ricblicu, both of 
 them Favouriies to the prcfcnt King, could not 
 
 have 

 
 Vol. IT. a S p Y at P A R i s. 51 
 
 have fwell'd their Coffers with fuch Heaps of Gold, 
 but by thefe ilniltcr Methods. 
 
 I am credibly inform'd by an old French Courtier, 
 That Mo:.fcur Bel<vi!lt, a Gentleman of the Province 
 of L; ngucdoc, fpared not to pa<s thu Reflexion on the 
 Duke of Luyn/s ; even in tke Kir.g's Prefence. Being 
 at Bourd-axx, while the King celebrated his Nupti- 
 als with the Infanta of Spain, in a moft magnificent 
 Manner; one Day coming to the Court in his Manni- 
 ng Coach, (his Father being newly dead) he was 
 reprehended by Monjicur Cadinet, younger Brother 
 to the D.:ke of Laynes, for appearing at Court in 
 fuch an extr: ordinary Time of Joy, with a Mourn- 
 ing Coach : O, Sir, fays Be faille, ike Bravery of your 
 Brother's Coach, mt-y cxcufc the Mcannrfs cf mine, 
 JiJ.ce he borrow d all the Gold I nad, to equip hi?;:felf 
 for this Triumphant Sec fin. This I was told, by one 
 that was prefent, and heard the Words ; and, the Oc- 
 cafion of them alfo he was not ignorant of, which 
 was this. 
 
 Mct.Jltur Betville being a Gentleman of a Nolle 
 Family, and One whofe eminent Virtues and Ser- 
 vices might have intitled him to forne fuitable Dig- 
 nity, but being Low in his Fortune, was not re- 
 garded or taken Notice of, till he addrefTed himfelf 
 to the Duke of Luyr.rs ; who, upon the Receipt of 
 fifteen hundred Crowns, promifed him to make him 
 C-.-valicr of the Order o'f the Hdy Gh-Jl, a Dignity 
 Icalm, 
 
 next to that of the Peers of the Re 
 is a fair Step to it. But, inftcad of performing his 
 Promife, after he hacl got his Money, he, by under- 
 hand Practices, procured him to be Baniihed the 
 Court, neither did he ever come near it till this Mar- 
 riage afortfaid was taken in Hand ; at which Time 
 his Father d> iag at Bordeaux, and being there alib 
 buried, he, by the Mediation of fome Friem!, pro- 
 cured a Repeal of hie Banijhir.cnt, that he might have 
 an Opportunity of making the King fcnfible ot 
 D 2 the
 
 52 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 the Duke's Injuftice. But, it took not the defired 
 Effeft ; for, he was upon thofe Words, immediately 
 imprifoned, where he loon after died of Grief. Thus 
 is Opprefhon, Murder and Violence countenanced by 
 -Authority among thefe l*f.dds- 
 
 JBut thou, Sage Interpreter of our Law, and Pa- 
 tron of Virtue, vouchiafe me thy Counfel, that I 
 may learn not to be corrupted by converfing with 
 thefe Uticircumcifed. 
 
 Paris, I zth of the qth Moon, 
 cf the Ytar 1642. 
 
 LETTER XXII. 
 
 fo the raoft HJiiflrious Vizir Azem, at 
 the Port. 
 
 TH E Enemies of the Ottoman In'ereft, ever 
 fince the Time that our late invincible Sultan 
 Amurath had caufed his Uncle Mujlapha to be ftrang- 
 kd, flatter'd themfelves with the vain Hopes of 
 feeing that Royal Line extinft ; it being blaz'd a- 
 broad in all the Courts of Chriftendom, that Sultan 
 Amuratb, by excefiive Ufe of Wine, had quite ener- 
 vated his Natural Vigor, and rendred himfelf in- 
 capable of getting any more Children. And the 
 private Charge which he gave to the Bnffas and 
 Grandees of the Empire, that in Cafe he died Iflue- 
 lefs, they mould translate the Imperial Diadem to 
 the Tartar, was no Secret here Every body look'd 
 upon our prefent happy Sovereign, Sultan Ibrahim, 
 as a Man defign'd for a Sacrifice to his Brother's Ha- 
 tred, and that he would not long furvive the Fate of 
 his Uncle Mufapha. 
 
 I have heard a grave and experienced Statefman 
 fay, That .he hoped to fee the Ottman Empire (af- 
 ter
 
 Vol. II. a S p y at P A R i s. 53. 
 
 ter the Death of Amurath) rent into as many and 
 fatal Divifions, by the ambitious Beglerbegs, Baff~as f 
 and other Governors of Provinces, as the Empire of 
 Alexander the Grtat was, by the Commanders of nis 
 Army, after his Death ; who fhared it among them- 
 felves, and cantonized it into as many Principalities, 
 as there were Captains to make Pretenfions, either by- 
 Merit, or the Sword. 
 
 But, Praife be to God, Lord of the Univerfe, the 
 Sovereign Protestor of the Empire eftablifhed by his 
 own Hands, the Hopes of the Infidels are defeated. 
 Ottoman is not left without an Heir to fit upon the 
 Throne, an Heir of his Blood, as well as of his Empire, 
 
 The Birth of Sultan Mahomet is no fmall News to 
 Europe, after it had been generally reported, That his 
 Father Sultan Ibrahim was Impotent. The Ladies 
 of the Court here begin to entertain a better Opinioa 
 of him. And the Grandees frame more Male aline 
 Idea's of our Glorious Monarch. 
 
 G0</augment the Imperial O8-fpr\*%, and perpetu- 
 ate the Ottoman Sway, till the Day of the balance. 
 
 I bow my Forehead to the Carpets whereon thou 
 treadeft, and kifs the Hem of thy rich Veil. 
 creafe thy Graces and Felicities. 
 
 Paris, 1 2th of the gth Moon, 
 of the Year \ 642. 
 
 L E T T E R XXIII. 
 
 To the fame. 
 
 IT is not lawful for a Slave to pry into the Actions 
 of his Sovereign Lord, much lefs to cenfure his 
 fconduft with Boldnefs. But, miferable is that Prince, 
 who, amongft all his pretended Friends and Servants, 
 has none ib faithful and difcreet, as to warn him of 
 Dangers which are ready to devour him, 
 
 D 3 lean-
 
 54 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 I cannot but highly applaud the Severity of thy 
 Juftice. in taking away the Life of that PerJianTray- 
 tor laft Year, who, by his accurfed Insinuations and 
 Example, haftened the Deata of our late Fifioriout 
 Sovereign, Sultan Amurath, upon whom be the Mer- 
 cies of God. 
 
 That Hcretick, tho' an Emir, of the Race of our 
 Holy Prophet, and adorned with the Immarcrfeiltli Co- 
 fours, which is "appropriated to Sanctity and Virtue; 
 yet, refrained not from IdoLtry, bsing a daily Vota- 
 ry to Ectcdus. He it was, who firft taught the Un- 
 fortuate Sultan to drink Wine, which he afterwards 
 pra&ifed to that Excefs, as betray 'd him to many In- 
 conveniencies, and at laft to Death itfelf. 
 
 But, fuffer me to alk thee, Why thou doft rot 
 alfo take an equal Revenge on Mujiapha Baffa, who 
 was as guilty as the Pafi, n ; being not only a Compa- 
 nion, but a zealous Promoter of th jfoya/ Debauches ? 
 Jt was he, who firlt propos'd that fatal Match of 
 Drinking, which caft the Suite* into a Mortal Fever, 
 of which he died in lefs than a Week. 
 
 J mould not prefume to fay thefe Things to thee, 
 nor to call paft Mi:carriages to Remembrance, were 
 I not certainly inform 'd, that the fam~ Muftppha is 
 pralifing his old Trade with the prefenr Sultan Ibra- 
 him, endeavouring to enervate the Royal Blood, and 
 withdraw the Sultar from the j, ft Obfervance of our 
 Holy Laiv, to the impious Prophanations of the Infi- 
 dels. I am commanded to give Intelligence of all im- 
 portant Affair? to thee, and the other Gieat Minijlers 
 of State : I thought none more wdgnty, than that 
 which regards the I ife of my So-otretgn. 
 
 I have done iry Duty. I leave the i j rocefs to thee, 
 who art the Oracle of GorernmeRt. 
 
 God direft thy Feet in the Path of Juftice, which 
 will afluredly lead thee to theGardens of Eden, where 
 thou fhalt enjoy eternal Repofe, and iupreme Felicity, 
 
 Paris, z(xh of tie Qth Mocti, 
 
 cf the Tuir \ 64 z. LET-
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. jj 
 LETTER XXIV. 
 
 To the Venerable Mufti, Prince of the 
 Religion of the Turks. 
 
 I Received the Dfp-itch of thy Sanfiity, wherein 
 them haft renovated my Soul, and reftored me to 
 a found Confifterce of Split. My Doubts arc va- 
 nifh'd. I am no longer rrcked with torturing Scruples 
 about my Conduct. Thy Abfolunon has obliterated 
 the Sentence my Fears had pronounced upon me. 
 
 As to the Penance thou haft enjoined me, it is Ra- 
 tional, and adapted to the Quality of my Crime. I 
 have counterfeited a Chrijli <, that I might the bet- 
 ter perform the Duty of a MuJJulman. 1 have feem- 
 ed devoutly attentive to the Roman MiJ/al, that I 
 might be inftrumental to propagate the Alcoran. 
 And, for this Religious Fault, thou requireft, that I 
 fhould inform thee, how the Cbrifians behave them- 
 felves in their Temples, where I !. e been fo often a 
 Spectator of their Ceremonies. \ lubmit \vith an ab- 
 folute Resignation, and a willing Compliance to thy 
 Venerable Injunction : And, will briefly relate what 
 I have obferved. 
 
 Thefe hjiddi feem to be ambitious of imitating 
 the Undefiled Religion, and yet they prove but bad 
 It'imicki ; for, as we are taught to wafh our Bodies 
 before we enter the Sacred Mofqurs ; fo they, at the 
 Entrance of their Churches, dip their Fingers in 
 certain VefTels filled with Water and Salt, and fprin-* 
 kle their Foreheads therewith ; as though their Pu- 
 rity lay in a Swound, and weie thus to be recovered 
 to Life again ; or, That the Uncleannefs of their 
 \vhole Bodies, was contracted into ;he Face They 
 eileem the Water Holy, and yet they trifle with 
 it as an Indifferent Thing. One would think, 'they 
 fhould be defirous to bathe themfelves all over, and- 
 D 4 let
 
 56 LETTERS Writ hy Vol. II. 
 
 let every Pore in their Skin imbibe the Sanctified Li- 
 quor. But, they fcem rather to uie it as a Charm ; 
 for, after they have fprinkled a few Drops on their 
 Faces, and muttered to theiiiftlves two or threeWords, 
 they think they have chafed all Impurity from them 
 in a Fright, and boldly prefcnt themfelves before the 
 Altars. Herein aifo they deviate from the Practice 
 cf former CSrri/Hans, who, (if their own Church Hi- 
 Jioiies be true) were accuftomed to wafh their Arms 
 and Feet in certain Cifterns, before they entered the 
 Temples ; whereor the Fwntains and Lavatoriet re- 
 maining yet on the South Side of the Holy and Mag" 
 nificent Mofqut of Sanfta at Sophia Co-nftatitincpie, are 
 a ftanding Tellimony. For the Green Inferiptions 
 fhcw, that feme of them, at leaft were contrived by 
 the Builders oi" this glorious Temple, in the Time of 
 Jujiinii-* the Emfercr, for the Purirication of fuch 
 as corr.e thither to worihip. By which, 'tij maaifeit, 
 That thete Modern Injidth degenerate from thofe more 
 Ancit'it Ones. 
 
 Another Thing ofFends me alfo, which is this : 
 They believe the Divinity is prefent in their Temples, 
 after a peculiar and extraordinary Manner, and yet 
 they luffer Dogs to prophane them with their vilelt 
 Excrements. They Ipare for no Coft to adorn their 
 Churches, and their sihars are enrich'd with invalua- 
 ble Treasures of Silver, Gold, and precious Srones; 
 and yet, after all, they muit become the Receptacles 
 of the Dung of fordid Animals. 
 
 The:e wicked Wretches alfo walk up and down 
 In thefe Sacred Plucei, talking of their /common Af- 
 fairs, as theugh they were on the Exchange, or in the 
 Market-Piece . 
 
 But, that which is to be had in greateft Abomi- 
 nation, is, That it is common for Men to make Love . 
 to the Women in Churches They prefent them- 
 ielves before the Altars, but the &,// whom they 
 iiivocate, is fome Beautiful Female. She engroi-
 
 Vol. II. ci S P r at P A R i s. 57 
 
 fes all their Devotions ; to her they make their Vows. 
 The amorous Youth adores his Miftrefs that kneels 
 by him, laden, perhaps, with more Sins than himfelf. 
 His Eyes may be fixed on the Altar, or, on the Pi- 
 ftures and Images, but his Tongue addreffes to the 
 more charming Idol near him. Or, if his Eyes are 
 attentive to his Prayer -Beck, he teaches it to fpeak 
 nothing but the ("oft and effeminate Things of Love. 
 Thus Afiignntions of Lujl are made in the Houfe of 
 Prayer : And the Affairs of Cupid managed under the 
 Mafk of Religion. They fight the Battles of Vemn 
 under the Banner of their Gsd. 
 
 I tell thee, Veveralle Interpreter of the Divine Law, 
 that the Sight of thefe Things, has fometimes inflamed 
 my Zeal to that Height, as had it not been for an 
 earneft Defire to do fome extraordinary Service to the 
 Grand Signier (which obliged me to take Care of my 
 felf ) I mould certainly have transfixt thefe prophane 
 Mockers of Gcd on the Spot, and facrificed them to 
 a Zeal, which thou, who art Piety itfelf, would'ft 
 not, I believe, reprehend. 
 
 I fold my Arms, mojl Venerable Sovereign of Reli- 
 gion, and wrapping myielf in profound Humility, I 
 fall proitrate to the Earth ; begging thy effeftua! 
 Blefling and Interceflion, that I may be admitted iat 
 the Number of the Happy in Puradife* 
 
 Paris, a6th of the gth Moon, 
 of the Year 1642. 
 
 LETTER. XXV. 
 
 the Viiir Azem, Prime Diretfer oftke 
 Affairs of the Ottoman Rmptre. 
 
 HE Notices I have of the Prefent State of Eng- 
 
 land) (in Compliance with thy Commands) are 
 
 D S not
 
 3 LETTERS Writ by Vol. 11. 
 
 not gained without fome Difficulty. It is not eafy 
 for a Man that fits in his Chamber at Pan'.', to pry 
 into the Cabinets of Foreign Courts : Yet I will com- 
 municare to thee fome Intelligences, which thoa 
 could 'ft not learn from, the Enghjh Ambaffk^nr at the 
 Port't nor from all the Travellers of that Nation, re- 
 fiding at Coaftanfittop/e, Smyrna, and Aleppo. 
 
 Tnere is a'TVw whom they call DeL'>pf%, a Confi- 
 dant and Emiilary of Ct. retinal Richlicu, whom he em- 
 ploys boih at Home and Abroad in feveral private 
 Negotiations and Intrigues. I have infmuated into, 
 this Man's Familiarity, and (if I may fo exprefs it) 
 I have riveted myfelf into his Heart. He treats me 
 with an Affurance void of Jealoufy ; and there is no- 
 Folding or Angle in his Breafk, which. 1 do not eafily 
 penetrate. 1 make ufe of him as an Gptick, through 
 which I peep into the Gardii*tP\ Secrets, and, as a 
 Mirrour, in which I behold the true Face of many 
 difguis'd Affairs, tranfafted in the remoteit Corners 
 of Europe ; there being hardly any 7'hing of Moment 
 done in the Courti of Cbrifiian Princes, wherein the, 
 Cardinal has not a Finger. He fecHis to be the Ge- 
 nius, or Sou! of Cbiijlendom, communicating Motion,, 
 A&ivity and Heat, to all the grand Intrigues now oiv 
 Foot in thefc Wejlern Parts of the World. 
 
 The Commotions of England, feem to be a ccmpli- 
 tated D/Jlemper of the State, arifing from feveral 
 C*.:ufcs, drawn to a Pec.d by the dextrous Artifice 
 of this Bitjy Spirit. The preftnt King of the IJlr.nd, 
 came to the Crown with no fmall JJifadvantage^V 
 his Father having exhaulUd the Tre^ry, and left 
 him deeply in Debt. He had no frr.all Number of 
 the Bloed Royal to maintain ; which kind of Charges, 
 thou knoweft, our Glorioui Sultans, tho' they b 
 Mafters of Infinite Riches, endeavour to avoid, by 
 Marrying their Daughters and Nieces, whi'.ft yet 
 Jnfants, to Tome of the m oft Potent and Wealthy 
 BvJ/tis, that fo their. Port might be kept up, without 
 
 burdening
 
 Vol. II. a S p Y at P A R i s. 5^ 
 
 burdening the Royal Coffers. But the Infdel Princes 
 are wanting in this frugal Providence In the Reign 
 of King yarr.ei 'this King's Father) England lay at 
 Eafe, flumbering in the Downy Bed of Peace ; fhe 
 wallowed in Pleafures, and had no other Unhappi- 
 nefs, but in being too Happy. Her Affluence and 
 Idltnefs, affe&ed the Srafe with a Pletkoty. The 
 Publick Health cannot be long conferved, without 
 the rr.odtrate Exercife of War. Charles, after the 
 Death of the Old King, being eftabliihed in the 
 Tbroxc, ccmn.itted the Affairs of State, to the Ma- 
 nagement of his MiniJIers ; never examining the 
 ^nafury, nor calling to an Account his Officers, but 
 indulged himfelf in the Pleafures mod agreeable to 
 his youthful Ger.ius. He hunted in the Forefts, whilft 
 the Grander;, whom he entrufted with his Revenues, 
 and the publick Conduft, had another Game to pur- 
 fi;e, poftponing their Mailer's Intereft, and that of 
 the Nation, to their own private Avarice. The Fa- 
 vourite Minijler held a fecret Correspondence with 
 Cardinal Ricb'ieu, and, by this Means, the Court was 
 filled with Fnncb Penfancrs ; countenanced alfo by 
 the Authority ef the ^uecn, who was the Daughter 
 of Trance. 
 
 It had been before agreed in the Articles of the 
 Jdeftritfgt t that the ^ueen of England mould have a 
 f refixea Number of French Servants. But they, not 
 content with their Domeftick Employments, and 
 Attendance on her Perfon, fought the Management 
 of that Eitate, which King Charles had fettled on 
 her as a Dc<u.-ry. This w ould by no means agree 
 with the Confutations of the Englijh. That I/land 'is 
 a little World by itfelf ; and the Inhabitants boafl 
 cf an Ciiginal Freedom of Birth, wHch is not fo 
 nuch as dreamt of in all the Dominions of our In- 
 vincible Sultans. Tho 1 the Efigbjh have feveral times 
 been invaded and fubdued by the Saxons, Danes, 
 and Trench ; yet k has been rather by Compofition, 
 D 6 than
 
 60 LETTERS Writ By Vol. II. 
 
 than Extremity of War : Or, if it may be called a 
 Conqucjl, the Vifiers have been forced to yield to the 
 Vanqnijhcd, in afluring them their ancient Laws, Pri- 
 vileges and Cuftoms : There is no Nation in the 
 World more jealous of this their pretended Birth- 
 dght.. And therefore to avoid all Occafions of giving 
 Offence to the Nebl-s and Gentry, the King perceiving 
 the infolent Demands and Carriage of the French Cour- 
 iers, commanded them all, fave a few Creatures of 
 the Favourite Duke, to depart the Kingdom. This 
 much difgufted. the S^van ; and Cardinal Richlieu waa 
 igladof ihe Opportunity to incenfe the King of France, 
 Ltivis was nettled at the Affront offered to his Sifter : 
 Yet, by the Dexterity of the Marefc hc.l Baflompierrey. 
 his Ambrfodir at the Englijb Csurt, Things were in 
 a Way of Accommedation ; when all was quafh'd by 
 the Seizure which the French made of feveral Englijh 
 Ships ; and io a War commenced, far more fatal in 
 its Confequences to England than to France. 
 
 The King of -England, rouzed from his Pleafures 
 and Divertilernents by the Preparations of hi* Po- 
 tent Neighbour, began to look about him, and con- 
 fult the Fublick Safety. But, when he examined his 
 Ireafury, he found it empty, or at leaitata very low. 
 Ebb. 
 
 Behold here, Supreme Be/ft, a Stroke of Deftiny, 
 a Concurrence of Caqfes, feeming remote and fmall 
 in the -rft Appearance ; but, in their Proceis, unU 
 tjng and involving that Kingdom in Ruin. 
 
 Charles could not carry on a War with France, 
 without afking Aid of the Sovereign Dj<vc>n (which 
 they call the Parliament) of that Nation. It is a 
 S crate compofed of above fevcn hundred of the No- 
 lillty and Gentry of the Land. The f e have the Power 
 to make. Laws, raife Taxe.s, and redreis the Grie- 
 vances of the Kingdom. It was an ill Seafon to afk 
 the Afiiftar.ce of his Subjefis, who had already con- 
 <>ciye4 an. Av.er/ion for the Royal Dignity. Kowefer, 
 
 a mighty
 
 Vol. IT. <i SPV fit PARIS. 61 
 
 a migfrty Fleet was ordered to be rigg'd and mann'd' 
 out. Cardinal Ricblicu, from afar, beheld the ap- 
 proaching Storm, and knew not how to divert it 
 from falling on France, but by corrupting the En- 
 glijb Favourite. De Lopez, from whom I receiv'd 
 this Intelligence, was em ploy 'din the Affair; hewafr 
 fent to London, which is the Metropolis of England, 
 and the Place where the King ufually keeps his Court* 
 It was an expenfive Negotiation, and coft the Car- 
 dinal forty thousand Dollars, which is equivalent 
 to Three Millions and Two Hundred Thoufand of 
 our dfj-ers. With this vatt Bribe, he profelyted the 
 Favourite Duke to the Intereft of France. ThcEngli/b 
 Navy confuted of an hundred and fifty Sail, having 
 alfo "twelve thoufand Land-men on Board. It was 
 agreed between them, That the Englijii Minijler fhould 
 procure himftlf to be made Admiral of thefe Ma- 
 rine Forces. His indulgent Matter could deny no- 
 thing to the Man whom he had entrufled with the 
 Sway of the Government. Now the King of France 
 might fleep at quiet, fmce the Englifi Ships fail'd 
 with a French Wind. They landed upon the I/land of 
 Rff, but their Adlions were altogether Theatrical, 
 and mere (hew of W r ar, without any real Execution. 
 The Englijh General, manifeftly omitting the proper 
 Methods, and favourable Opportunities of winning 
 that Ifiand: His Conduct fpcaking, as if he came 
 there rather to Compliment, than to Fight. 
 
 Thefe Things made a harfh Sound in England, and 
 the Nobles relented ill the double-dealing of the Duke 
 of Buckingham (fo was the Englijh General call'd ) 
 in fine, the bad Succefs of their Forces, the Ex.- 
 fences they had been at, and the Difgrace they fuf- 
 i.Tcd in this War, (four and forty of their Colours 
 being carried to Peris, and hung up in the Chief 
 Ttm^lx of this City, as Trophies of the French Vi* 
 tory) incenfed the Generality of the Englijh Nation 
 a-gaijut the King and the Government ; they began
 
 61 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IL 
 
 to accufe him in thm Cabals, of Male-Adminiftrati- 
 cn : And the Favourite Duke was a while after ftab- 
 bed by a Ruffian, whom the Malcontents had hired 
 to execute their Revenge. 
 
 The Affe&ions of the Englijh appeared every Day 
 more and more alienated from the King. And Car- 
 dinal Rhhiicu had there his Agents, who were not 
 wanting to foment the Publick Difcontents, and by 
 divers Artifices to draw the credulous People into 
 Factions. The French Penjtnners were inftruclcd to 
 deport themfelves in a Manner every Way offenfive 
 to the Nation. Black and t:jreatning Clouds feemed 
 to hang over the C:u> t of England, exhaled from the 
 ill Blood of the Subjcfts. The Royal Dignity went 
 Retrograde ; and all Things tenoed to obfcure the 
 Luflre of the Crown. Yet there pafled feme Years 
 before 1 hingscaine to Extremities; and Matters tho' 
 ripened, yet were not brought to an open Rupture, 
 till Scotland lanced the Sore. 
 
 This Nation is fubjeet to the Crown of England, 
 and makes ore half of the ]Jl:.nd of Great Britain. 
 They are a Warlike People, patient of Labour, ac- 
 cuftomed to the Rigor of an extreme Coid Climate, 
 great Travellers, Subtle, Proud and Inconftant. 
 
 After that which fome call Herefy, others a Re- 
 formation, had begun to alienage many Kingdoms and. 
 Provlnftt from the Roman Church ; the Scon, greedy 
 of Novelties, and fpurred on by the ambitious 
 Pretexts of one of their Granc'ees (who under the 
 Mafk of Religion fought the Crown) introdixU 
 Innovations into their Church. They (hook off at 
 once all their Obedience to the Pope, and felf up fuch a 
 firm of Religious Difciplhie, as was altogether Anti- 
 monarchical \ and their Preachers ceafed not to inftill 
 into the Hearts of the People Dcmocratick Princi- 
 ples.^ Thus continued Affairs, till, King Charles, 
 not inftnfible of thefe Things, and willing to new- 
 model that Church, they took up Arms againft him, 
 
 knowing
 
 Vol. II. a S p Y at PAR is. ' 63 
 
 knowing that he would not be able to raife Forces 
 to chaitife them, without calling a Parliament. 
 The Parlw.mtnt of England was at that Time full 
 of Scctt : Jh Profelytes, Men of Seditious and Turbu- 
 lent Principles : So that the King was like to find bat 
 little Favour among thetn. However, by the Af- 
 fiftance of fome Loyal Nobles and Gentlemen, he 
 inarches into Scotland at the Head of an Array. Not 
 a Blow was llruck 0:1 either Side ; but all Differences 
 were compofed, and hufli'd up by a Treaty. Yet, 
 ieon after, the Scots entered into England with an 
 Army, being under hand invited by their Parti zans 
 in England. The King is a fecond Time forc'd to 
 throw himfelf up&n his Parliament for Money; but 
 they, iailead of granting him any, fell to examin- 
 ing his paft Conduct, complaining and defiringaRe- 
 drefs of feveral Irregularities in his Adminiftration. 
 There were thofe who failed not to put into Execu- 
 tion the Deiigns and Inflections of Cardinal Rich- 
 lieu ; he had his Agents up and down the Kingdom, 
 vho infinuated Jealoufies and Heart-burnings into- 
 the Gentry and People of the Land. The Kingw;.s 
 repreftutcd every where as a Tyrant, and all his 
 Actions were mifconftrued. 
 
 Sigxior Rofetti, the Pope's Nuncio at the Engli/b 
 Court, befides his Inftrucuons from the Roman Pot.tif, 
 held a Uriel Intelligence with the Cardinal. His 
 Bufmefs at this Court, was publickly to the Quein 
 (who profeficd an Obedience to the See of Rome) 
 but ffivately he was oider'd to negotiate an Ac- 
 commodation between the Rcmcn and Er.glijh. 
 Churches. Cardinal Ricblieu thought to ftrike two 
 A'Jaiks with ore Blow, that is, to embroil the State 
 ef England, and procure himfelf the grea'er Efteem 
 xvkh the Reman C;w t. He appears very Zealous foe 
 the Converfion of Er gland ; and in order to it, al- 
 lows a confiderable Penfion to Signicr Rcfetti : In- 
 n. cling him withal, to fliew his utmoft Dexterity,
 
 64 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IF. 
 
 in gaming the Courtiers and Grandees of that Nation 
 to his Side. ' 
 
 He knew the Genius of the Englijh, and, that 
 there was nothing fo offenfive to that Nation, as 
 the Papal Power and 'Religion. Wherefore De 
 Lopez was erder'd to pay Signior Rofetti vaft Sums of 
 Money, that fo there might be nothing wanting 
 to profelyte the Courtiers ; knowing that they would 
 aft infolently, and difguft the Proteftcmts, and fo 
 increafe the publick Averfion for the Regal Au- 
 thority. There was alfo another Agent at the 
 ~Engl':jh Court, who was Secretary to Cardinal Bar- 
 berini, a Man no lefs induftrious than the other in 
 advancing the Roman Intereft. He held a flrift Cor. 
 refpondence with feme of the Chief Minijltrs, efpe- 
 ciaily with the Principal Secretary of State, Whilft 
 thefe were doing their Matter's Bufinefs ac the Court, 
 there were others no lefs active in the City, where 
 they endeavoured to create a Party, and raife Fadti* 
 cms, infinuating themfelves into the Acquaintance 
 of the moft eminent Merchants and other Citizens ; 
 reprefenting t them the dangerous Confequences 
 of Signior Roftttts Refidence at the Court ; glancing 
 at every Thing which look'd like a falfe Step in the 
 King's Conduit ; alarming them with Fears and 
 Apgrehenfions of being fubjected to a Foreign Pow- 
 er ; and ufmg all their Arts to nourim Popular Diffa- 
 tisfaction. 
 
 The Scots about this Time made another Incurfion 
 into England. A Parliament was called, but no Goosfc 
 done. The King's Neceflities made them grow high 
 in their Demands and Carriage, and all Things tend- 
 ed to a general Defection. 
 
 A while after, the Irijh revolted, and maflacred 
 above a Hundred Thoufand Englijb. The King is 
 accufed for being privy to it : Tumults are raifed, 
 who, in a threatning Manner, feemed to befiege the 
 Roya/ Paiafc, calling out for Juftice ; not much, 
 
 unlike
 
 Vol. II. a S P Y at P A R i s. 65 
 
 unlike the Sedition of our Janizaries, when they are 
 difpleafed with the Condudt of our glorious Sultans, 
 or his Prime Ministers of State. 
 
 In fine, the JVlifunderftandings between the King 
 and the Parliament grew to that Height, as induc'd 
 the King to withdraw fr-om the Capital City, about 
 the Beginning of this Year. And, in the following 
 Mean, he fent the Queen with her Daughter into Hol- 
 land, that they might pafs away the Time in the 
 Court of the Prince of Grange, 'till this Storm was 
 blown over. 
 
 In the Interim, the King fends Letters to the Par- 
 liament, persuading them to confult the Publick 
 Peace ; but all was to no Purpofe ; they feize upon 
 all the Strong Heidi and Cajtlts they could ; fo that 
 when the King came to one of his Garrifon'd Towns, 
 the Gates were fhut up againft him, and he was de- 
 nied Entrance by tke Governor. The Parliament 
 lifts an Army, and the King fet up his Royal Stand- 
 ard in the lail Moon. Since which, there has been 
 nothing of Aftion between them, but the Annie* 
 are drawing near each other. 
 
 I will inform thee of all Particulars as they come 
 to my Knowledge. Bmt the Packet-Boats from the 
 I/land 'come not fo frequently during the Diilurbance* 
 as they have done formerly. 
 
 I btfeech the Creator of all Things, To defend our 
 Invincible Sultan from the feditious Praclices of his 
 Subjcfis ; and make thee Inilrumental, to eitabliih. and, 
 aggrandize the Ottoman Empire. 
 
 Paris, 2gth of the Qth Mqott^ 
 cf the Tear 1642* 
 
 LETTER
 
 66 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 LETTER XXVI. 
 
 70 Abdel Mclec Muli Omar, Superinten- 
 dent of the College of Sciences at Fez. 
 
 WH E N I write to thee, 'tis with a RefpeA 
 equal to that which I pay to ihe Ernirs t 
 the Defendants of our Holy Prcfhet, fince thou art 
 fprung from the noble Stem of the ancient Saracens; 
 the Bleed of the celebrated Orrar, Succrffor to the 
 Divine Lsnvgiwtr, flreaming in thy Veins. 
 
 I revere the Banner carried into Egypt by thy 
 JCcwunieel Progenitor, before which the Grecians Red 
 aftonifhed, as at a. Sign fent from Heaven of their 
 approaching Ruin '1 his facred Piece of Antiqui- 
 ty I have feen at Medina, where 'tis repofited in the 
 Chancel of the Babylonian Caliphs. I have honoured 
 it with a Pious Veneration ; but much greater is my 
 Regard to thee, who art a living Relick of that lllu- 
 frioui H^ufe. 
 
 Permit me, Venerable Sage, to converfe with thee 
 a little, after tine manner of a Pupil j with thee, I 
 fay, who art a Fountain of Sapience ; for, befides 
 thy perfect Knowledge of the Divine Laiv, thou art 
 acci/iiipliihid with all human Literature. 
 
 Theie is a Man in thefe Parts, of a large Soul 
 nd elevated Speculations, who ftiffly maintains, 
 That the Ear.h moves, and the Sun ftands ftill. He 
 h not the firft that broach'd this Doftrine, it has had 
 feveral learned JPatrws, but he has highly im- 
 prov'd the Ihe-ry. His Reafons for it, have almoft 
 the Force of Mathematical Demonji rat ions ; and no- 
 thing ieems to oppofe him, but the Authority of 
 Mo/es, and the Httrenu Scriptures. The Cbrijiiant 
 will not approve of any Pbihfopby which interferes 
 
 with
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 67 
 
 with that which they call the Bible ; and yet their 
 Practice gives a perpetual I .ye to the Contents of 
 that Book. Surely there is no En<vy in the Deity ; 
 and he that is Qmnifiicnt, will not punifh Men for 
 improving their Knowledge. The' Siudy of Nature, 
 is full of innocent Delights, and he that gave to 
 M;-n an Appetite of Science, has not forbid him to 
 gratify it with its proper Objecls. Isier can I fee 
 how this New Pbilofophy contradidls any more than 
 the bare Letter of their Bible, (for I have read it 
 in feveral Lang? ages , ) And the Jews, who are 
 the Guardians of the Original Hebrew, allow a Cab- 
 bali/Kcal Interpretation far different from the Li- 
 teral : So does the Arabian Prince and Pbilofofher 
 A<vicetr, interpret thofe Verficles in our Holy Alcoran, 
 (which treat of Paradife) in a Senfe far more re- 
 fined than the Letter feerns to import. In reading 
 fuch Myftcrious Books, it is neceflary to praftife a 
 learned Cbymijlry, to fublimate the grofs external 
 Senfe of the Words, and to extradl the Spirit and 
 Soul of the Difcourfe. 
 
 That the Sun is the Centre of this our Planetary 
 World, and that the Earth, with the reft of the 
 Planets move round about it, is a Thefts which keeps 
 exaft Touch with human Reafon, and feems natu- 
 rally to fquare with our intellectual Faculties. It 
 fets all the Wheels of this great and wonderful 
 Machine, in a regular and proportionate Circula- 
 tion. It gives the trueft Account of the Retrograde 
 Motions of the Planets. PtoLmys Syftem of the 
 World, feems to romance upon the Sun, Moon, 
 and Stars, in affigning them Hourly fuch prodi- 
 gious Journeys through the Heavens, as are inconfi- 
 tfent wi;h the Laws of Motion. And Tycbo Brake 
 was but a Botcher, in patching up the Orbs with 
 his Ecccntricks, Epicycles, fee. The former keeps 
 the fixed Stars in an endlefs and unconceivable Hur- 
 ry ; and the latter involves the Planets in a Heaven-
 
 6$ LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 ly Perplexity. Both come far fhort of Copernicus, 
 that excellent Jftrer.omcr t who, by placing the Sun- 
 in the Centre of the World, has folr'd all the Ap- 
 pearances of Nature, with them oft exaft Analogy to 
 Truth. Nor is tke Argument taken from our Senfe 
 of any Force, fince it invalidates the Motion of the 
 Sun, as well as that of the Earth : Nay, it is more 
 incongruous, that the Sun mould move fo many 
 Hundred Thoufand Miles every Hour, and we not 
 perceive him to ftir a Hair's Breadth at a Time. But 
 I will not intrench farther on thy Patience, nor 
 run the Rifque of a Vetfigo, by purfuing the fwift 
 Orbicular Motions of Nature. It matters not much 
 whether the Sun ftands ftill, or the Earth, pro- 
 viced we run the Race that is appointed us, fo as 
 to gain the Prize. Yet I will aik thy Judgment 
 on another Point, which Men of high Reaches have 
 flarted. 
 
 There are feme learned Men, who fay, The Meon 
 and the reft of the Planets are habitable as our Globe 
 is. Fer my Part, to fpeak freely, I could wifh it 
 were true, it is a fociable Doctrine. It has made 
 me melancholy tome-times, when I have caft my 
 Eyes upwards, to think all thofe ample Trafts in 
 the 'Firmament mould be void of Inhabitants, and 
 yet fcarce a Turf of our Dunghil Earth to be found 
 without its Domefticks. It is demonftrable to the 
 Eye, That the Moon is an Opake Body like this 
 Globe whereon we tread, having no other Light 
 but what it borrows from the Sun. Where is the 
 Herefy then in fuppofmg that it is created for a 
 like U'fe? I hope the Sucre J Empire of the Muf-. 
 fulmans will not {lain it felf with fuch a Barba- 
 rous Murder, as was committed on Vigilius, a certain 
 Ckriftian Bijbop, who was Burnt by the Decree of 
 the Reman Church, for averting the Antipodes; a 
 Truth which all Nations are now fenfible of, fince 
 tke Improvement of Navigation and Traffick. And 
 
 yet
 
 Vol. II. tf SPY <tf PARIS. 6p 
 
 yet GalilfTus had like to have undergone the fame 
 Sentence at Rome, within thefe ten Years, for main- 
 taining the Earth's Motion, and that the Sun is the 
 fixed Centre of the World : Nothing but his Recanta- 
 tion being fufficient to have fav'd him. ?uch Severi- 
 ties choak the Growth of Learning, and flop thePro- 
 grefs which would othcrwife be made in Arts and 
 Scieuces. Happy are the Students tnat live under 
 thy aufpicicus P. trcncge, in that fruitful Seminary of 
 P'hilofphtrs, where i he My jt tries of God and Nature 
 are taught, free from the prcphane Lictntioufnefs of 
 the ancient Pagans, or the iuperfthious Rigours of 
 modern Inf.dch. 
 
 I pray the Sovereign Tnttttigtnce not to withdraw 
 from thee his divine Influence, nor reflrain the 
 Flood of Light tftat has been let leofe on thy Soul ; 
 but that thou may 'ft overflow like Ni/us, and enlight- 
 en not only Jlfrick, but the whole World with Ibaie 
 new Difcoveiy. 
 
 Paris, zgth of the gth Moon, 
 cf the Tear 1642. 
 
 LETTER XXVII. 
 
 fo Cara Haly, the Phyfician, at Con 
 itantinoplc. 
 
 THE Wejlern Ptilofopbers* efpcc^ally thofe who 
 follow the Sentiments of Munfieur As Cartes, 
 maintain, That the Souls of all living Cratures (ex- 
 cept Men) are Material and Mortal ; that a Beaft is 
 but a Machine, like a Watch or Clock, not actuated 
 or inform'd by any Spirit diltinft from the Body, but 
 moved to the Performance of all natural Aclions by a 
 mere Corporeal Mechanifm, fet on Work by various 
 Impulfes trom Eternal Objeds. 
 
 la
 
 70 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 In this they oppofe Arijlot'e, and all the Sages of 
 the Efji, And them knoweft that our Arabian Doct- 
 ors are of a contrary Opinion, who afcribe Reafon, 
 Difcourfe, and Immortality, to the Souls of Beafts, 
 as well as to thofe of Men ; having afligned particular 
 .Apartments for Elborath, the Beaft which carried our 
 Hcly Prcpbit from Mtcba to Jemfulcm ; for the Ram 
 whch Abraham facrificed inftead of his Son Ifaac ; 
 for the Cciv of Mfjis, the P if mire of 5 'demon, the 
 Jl bale which faved Jonas, the Raven which fed Eli- 
 jab, the /.fi which rebuked Balaam, and in general, 
 for all the Cameli which have the Honour to carry 
 the Sacred Alar an to Mecha. 
 
 I will fbfpend my Belief of their being entertain'd 
 in Parcdijc, 'till 1 fhall have the Happinefs to fee 
 them there ; but I cannot howe\ er acquiefce to the 
 Opinions of thefe Mtdern Philosophers, who aflert 
 their Souls tp be mere Matter. The Bodies both of 
 Men and Bealls, I own, perform all Motions byMc- 
 d.ar.ick Rules ; but that Mechanism is guided by a 
 higher Pi inciple than the fortuitous Impulfe of exter- 
 r.al Agents, in Beafts as well as Men. 
 
 All Animals feem to me to be erdued wi h a Fa- 
 culty, which if it rr.ay r.ot be called Reafon, is fome- 
 thing analagous to it, for \\hich we v, ant a proper 
 Name. And of this Mind were EmpcdocUs, Pytha- 
 goras, P/otinus, and Pbrpl-yry, with many otlicr an- 
 cient Sages : Tho 1 this Faculty is more eminently 
 confpicuous in fome Kinds of Beafts than others. 
 
 I cannot but admire the Regular Architecture ef 
 Bees, their Induftry ar.d Politick OLconomy, vying 
 with the moft excellent Form and Admit ifinition of 
 Government among Men. 'Tis with no lefs Pleafure 
 I behold tlie Spider, when with exquilite Art flje 
 builds her little filktn Palace, and lays her fine- 
 wrought Trains to catch the unwary Fly. 'Tis equal- 
 ly pleafant ;:nd diverting to obfcrve the Con^udl of 
 the Pifaircst their prudent Forec^il ; how they 
 
 trudge
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at .PARIS. 71 
 
 trudge up and down all the Summer, to lay up a fuf- 
 ficient S:ock of Provender for the barren Winter. 
 There is no kind of Bird, four-footed Beaft, or Fifh, 
 which docs not confute this Curtefian\ Hyfcotbfjis. 
 
 It is credibly reported by Porphyry, That in t-he Eft- 
 It.d'.es there is a Beaft which ihty caU a Hy<ena, which 
 approaching near the Villages, will imitate a Man's 
 Voice, and call the Inhabitants by their Names ; if 
 they come out of their Houfes, 'twill feize on the 
 firll that comes to hand, and devour him The Dog, 
 the ///><-, the Elephant, with many other four footed 
 Beafts, afford us manifeft Specimens of Reafon, or 
 foniething very like it. 
 
 Who has Hot heard of the Love which Dc!p l .>ins 
 bear to M'en ? Pliny rela'es a pretty Story of aW- 
 thin that frequented the Lake Lucrmus in Italy, and 
 fceing of en fed from the Shore by a certain School- 
 boy, grew at length fo familiar, as to come at a Call. 
 We alfo rend of another, who took the Muficiaji 
 JSrion on his Back (when caft into the Sea by cruel 
 Sailors) arid carried him fafe to Shore. 
 
 Can all thefe Actions proceed from mere Matter ? 
 In my Opinion, 'tis as eafy to defend, 1 Lit Human 
 Kauive it fclf is but Matter fo and fo modified ; and 
 thKt all the Buflle Men keep in the World, is but the 
 Effect of a better Compofition of Body, the Refill t 
 cf a more perfect and refined Machine. 
 
 I eafily agree, That we far excel the other living 
 Creatures in all the Operations of our Souls, and Ex- 
 ercifes of our Reafon : Yet we have our Defects as 
 well as they j and this I efteern as one cf the greateft, 
 to deny Them any Share in Reafon, who fo far excel 
 Us mStaJe. 
 
 It is a culpable Pride and Envy in Men, thus to 
 blaft' the Reputation of their animal Kindred, from 
 which Vices I know thou art free. 
 
 G^d that has made Ufe of the Tongue of a filly 
 Afs to reprove the Folly of -a Wife Man in his 
 
 own
 
 7 2, LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 own Conceit, illuminate our Underihnding in the 
 Myfteries of his Law. 
 
 Paris, 24th of the lOth Moon, 
 of the Year 164.2. 
 
 LETTER XXVIII. 
 ft Haffein BafTa. 
 
 T 
 
 H Y Commands I receive as Marks of thy 
 Efteem and good Will, which I delire may be 
 perpetual. Thou hart an eminent Share in the Favour 
 of our Auguft Emperor ; and I (hall ftudy to merit thy 
 Protection, by all the dutiful Offices that can be ex- 
 pected from a Slave in my Station. 
 
 There is nothing fo much conduces to eftabliili a 
 permanent Friendmip, as a right Underitanding. 
 The Souls of Friends are firft warp'd by Mifappre- 
 henfions. I would not have thee think of me, as 
 I do of my felf ; that would prompt thee to Con- 
 tempt ; nor, as the French do, who take me for Ti- 
 tus of Moldavia ; but look upon me (whatever my 
 Failings are) as a Man that values and praftifes the 
 incorrupt Fidelity of the firft Ages. I abhor Trea- 
 chery, and, for that Reafon, am often forced to 
 make an officious Lye : Yet I do not proftitute my 
 Confcience, having the Mufti's Difpenfation. When- 
 ever it mall be told thee, that Mahmut degenerates, 
 fufpedt the Slanderer j perhaps he would fuppJant 
 me. I am not fond of my Commijfion, but I dread 
 to lofe the Sultans Favour : Whofoever deprives me 
 of that robs me of my Honour, which is dearer to 
 me than my Life. 
 
 By what I havefaid, thou wilt perceive, that I am 
 not ignorant of the ill Offices which Ikingi Cap 1 - 
 Oglani lias dene me, The Man afpires, and is envi- 
 
 M
 
 Vol. IT. a SPY at PARIS. 73 
 
 ous : Were I in his Pod, I would not exchange the 
 Honour and Felicity of educating the Royal Pages of 
 the Seraglio, for an Employment attended with infi- 
 nite Hazards, -and no lefs Trouble, as is that of Mab- 
 mut. If he be expert in the French Tongue, there 
 fire -thofe that excel him ; and Language ir- but the 
 Shell of more fubftamial AccompliilTmcnts. Every 
 Lhiguijl is not fit to be employed in the Secrets of 
 State ; neither are all Psedfgogues Politician. 
 
 I am ftartled at the Ambition of a Man, who, be- 
 caufe he had ftudied at Athens, thinks hirrifelf wor- 
 thy ef the Confidences of the myfterious Port, which 
 arbitrates the Fate of all the Kingdoms in the World. 
 If this be not his Aim, why dors he daily traduce me f 
 Why does he paint me to the Minijlers of i'nt Divan t 
 \n black and odious Colours, perfuading them it is 
 my natural .Complexion ? He is not content with the 
 Calumnies he himfelf throws on me, but has cor- 
 rupted Solyman my Coufin, and has hired him tomif- 
 reprefent me to the Kaimac&am : And, that he might 
 bj furc to ftrike horre he has drawn to his Party 
 S&~fiim If:/: am, the Elnck Eunuch. 
 
 1 fent Sclymana Letter laft Year full of Reproofs, 
 not knowing who had fet him at Work : I h^pe it had 
 fome good Effects on him, tho' late. ' Tis from him 
 I receiv'd this Intelligence. He feems to repent of 
 his Malice, telling me, that this Ikingi Cap 1 -Qglani y 
 had fo artificially pofTcfs'd him with a Belief of ray 
 Perfidioufnefs, that he thought he did good Service to 
 Gt^/and the Grp.nd Signior to rail at me; but that the 
 KymackamtoA^ afterwards convinced him of my In- 
 nocence. This was the Subftance fif his Letter, and 
 he concludes it with begging my Pardon. 
 
 I tell thee, illuftrious Baffa^ that tho' the Wounds 
 \\ hieh are given by the Tongue of a Slanderer, he 
 deeper than thofe which are given by the Sword ; 
 and 1 could fooner pardon him who fought man- 
 fully to take away rr.y Life, than he which bafciy 
 E -murders
 
 74 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 murders my good Name ; yet, I attribute my Kinf- 
 rnan's Fault to youthful Error, and a loyal Miftake ; 
 and I love him the better, for hating any one that 
 he could imagine would prove Unfaithful, and a 
 Tray tor to God and the Grand Signior. 
 
 May the benign Heavens blefs thee with their good 
 Influences, and profper thee in all Things. 
 
 Paris, 6th of the i ith Moon, 
 ef the Year 1 642. 
 
 LETTER XXIX. 
 
 *To Solyman Ms Cottftn^ at Conftantinople. 
 
 THY Apology is rational and modeft, and I am 
 glad to be thus happily deceived. Thou fecit 
 the Kaimacham, with the other Miniftcrs of the 
 Port, have too good an Opinion ef me to liften to 
 the Insinuations of defigning Men ; and Ikingi-Cap"- 
 Oglani was out of his B> afs, when he defam'd the 
 Loyal Mabmut ; and the Black Eunuch had better 
 been watching the Ladies, than wounding my Re- 
 putation with his envenom 'd Tongue. I wilh thee 
 hereafter to avoid all Company that profcfs a Kind- 
 nefs to thee, which thou may 'ft bat fo much as fufpecl 
 to be forc'd. 
 
 Thou aflceft my Counfel how to conduft thy felf 
 loward thy firit Wife, of whom thou fpeakeft both 
 well and ill. Thou believeft her faithful and chafte ; 
 thou knoweft her to be induftrious and careful of her 
 Family ; good natur'd, flexible and obliging ; but 
 thou accufcft her of a violent and haughty Spirit, 
 fiercely paflionate, and of a provoking Tongue. 
 She daily and hourly reflects upon thy Mifcarriages ; 
 will play the School miftrefs with thee, pretending 
 to $orr.ect, reprove, inftrucl, and guide thee in au 
 
 to
 
 Vol.11. fl SPY rfJ PARIS. 7J 
 
 thy Aftiona. In fine, thou complainell that thou 
 canft not enjoy Tranquility with her. 
 
 I tell thee, Kinfman, thou fhould'ft have applied 
 thy felt" to the Imaums and Der<vifes in this Cafe ; 
 or, at leaft, to fuch as have had Experience of a 
 Married Life. Their Sentence would be more au- 
 thentick, than what thou canft expeft from me. But 
 fmce thou halt made Choice of my Counfel, I will 
 give thee the beft I can. 
 
 Thou wilt, in my Opinion, find it difficult to bs 
 happy, wither witho&t this Woman. She is given 
 thee by Fate, to poife the Balance of thy Life ; 
 that neither too much Eafe nor Pain, Excefs of Joy 
 or Grief, fhoald turn the doubtful Scales of Senfe, 
 and make thee either fwim in Hoods of Pleasure 
 uncontrouled, or fink in the Mire of baneful Grief 
 and Melancholy. 
 
 The chafte Fidelity, which thou believeft her en- 
 dued with, cannot be valued at too high a Rate, ft 
 is a Virtue which renders Woman adorable. Likc- 
 wife, her Diligence and Care, her Refpect and De- 
 voir, her eafie Temper and good Nature, are Quali- 
 ties which cannot but charm thee. Shoafd'ft thou 
 deal unkindly by her, thy geaerous Soul would re- 
 gret it the next Moment. Nay, ihould'ft thou take 
 the common Courle, and difmifs her with a Bill of 
 Divorce, according to the Law, thou would'it re* 
 pent tha Deed wi.hin twice four and twenty Hours. 
 
 And yet, I mull confefs, 'tis hard 10 be confined 
 to a er^c Woman's Tongue, to bear Reproaches 
 and Comumelies,<x>nterapts and Defiances, Lectures, 
 and other Female Difcipline. Who, that's a Man, 
 can brook fuch Slavery ? Who, that has but a Spark 
 of Fire within this Hulk of Clay, can Hoop to fuch 
 ignoble and unmanly Softnefs ? 1 cannot counfel rhee 
 to fuch an abject Tamenefs of Spirit. Man is Lord 
 of all his Fellow Creatures j the fierceft Bealts fub- 
 mi; to his Imperial Sway : Woman alone, idbiti- s 
 ^E 2 tioas
 
 ;6 LETTERS Writ by Vol.11. 
 
 ous Woman, difputes the Government with him. 
 But, 'tis his Right, and ke difowns both Gcd'and Na- 
 ture, who refigns it to that afpiring Sex. Yet, ufe' 
 thy Power moderately ; keep the Golden Mc-nn. Bs 
 not farly and rough as a Bear, nor yet efleminate and 
 wkhout Gall, as a Dove. But, if thou findeit it im- 
 pofiible to keep her within the Bounds of due Sub- 
 jection, put her away, and fo preferve thy Peace. 
 The Company of thy other Wives will foon efface 
 her lov'd Idea, and fweeten thy Lofs with a thoufand 
 new Pleafures. But, if they fnould follow her Steps, 
 inkeriting her Spirit, and tormenting thee with kil- 
 ling Words, divorce them all. I would counfel thee 
 to take fucteffivel'v five hundred Wives, rather than 
 make thy Life miferable, by too much Love and In- 
 dulgence to one that knows not how to* ufe thy Fa- 
 vours. 
 
 But, before thou beginneft to put in Execution this 
 Advice, try all the fair and gentle Methods thy Wit 
 Can fuggeft, to win her to a Senfe of her Fault, and 
 a Change of hes Temper. For, be afiur'd, that it 
 will be of lefs Pain to thee, to have an Eye pluck'd 
 out of thy Head, than to tear from thy Heart tfce 
 firlt Object of thy Love. 
 
 In this, all Things e!fe, have an efpecial Regard 
 to thy Confcience, and to the OLj swing Angel, who 
 writes down all thy A&ions in a Book. Do nothing 
 which may deferve the Chaftifement of the Two Black 
 Angels, wha fhall vifit thee in thy Grave. He who 
 deals unjuftly and cruelly by Women on Earth, fhall 
 be deprived of the Felicities which our Holy Prophet 
 has promifed us, in the Company of that Beautiful 
 S-CX in Paradife. 
 
 Keep the Law, and thou wiltfeave thy fill of Love, 
 both here, and in tiie bliisful Bowers of Ed<.n. 
 
 Par.'s, i ft of the \ ith Moon, 
 oj tb; Year 1642. 
 
 LETTE R
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 77 
 
 LETTER XXX. 
 To tke Kaimacham. 
 
 THE Surrender of Perplgnan to the Trench, 
 ftartlesthe World : A Place inexpugnable by 
 Arms, and not to be reduced b'it by Famine. Some 
 that pretend to penetrate imo foreign Secrets, lay the 
 Blame on the Duke cTOlivarcz. Theyfoy ,' that when 
 'the King of Spmn fiill heard that Lewis bid Siege to 
 this important Place, he would have gone in Perfon 
 to its Relief, but that the Dake hindred his Defign, 
 fearing left his own Mifcarriages fhould take Wind, 
 when the King was got on the Frontiers : This, they 
 fay, put a Stop to the Levies that were making in 
 Arrcgcn and Caftile, and damped the Courage of 
 thofe who were actually in Arms. 
 
 Whether this was the EfFeft or no, 'tis certain, the 
 Duke d'OH'varez had fufficient Reafon to be confci- 
 ous, knowing, That the Grandees of Spain watch' J 
 for an Opportunity to difiodge him from the King's 
 Breaft. But, it is ftrange, that he fliould at fuch a 
 Time, negleft any Thing that might confirm him in 
 his Mailer's Favour, as the faving of Perp-gnax 
 mail reeds have done ; all the Succeffes and Mif- 
 carjiages of the State, in Peace or War, being attri- 
 buted te the F&<v:urite Minijler, 
 
 Where-ever the Fault lies, I have heard no Maa 
 yet condemn the Governor of the Town. 'Tis faid, he 
 has givea all the Marks of a valiant Soldier, a pru- 
 dent Commander, and a faithful Subjeft. Thefe Vir- 
 tues are to be honoured, even in an Enemy. 
 
 They report, That the Spznijh King put a kind of 
 fuperftitious Confidence in the Marquis <? Avila, 
 becaufe one of the fame Family and Title, had for- 
 merly defended the Place to Extremity, until the 
 Siege was raifed. Affuredly, Virtue is not inherent 
 3 in
 
 78 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 in Names, nor Vidory entailed to all of the fame 
 Blood. Both the one and the other are owing, in 
 a great Meafure to Providence and Chance. The 
 Romans did not gain more in the Carthaginian War, 
 under the Conduft of Scipio the African, than they 
 loft afterwards, when another of that Name was 
 General of their Army. 
 
 'Tis faid, the Duke JO/ivarcz. is feized with a 
 Phrenay \jpon the Lofs of this Town, or at leaft 
 counterfeits one. I do not afiert this as a Truth, 
 Illuftrious Kaimackam, but to {hew thee how Peo- 
 ple are addifted to cenfure, not only the Mifcar- 
 riages of great Men ; but the very Regrets which 
 attend their Misfortunes ; as if it were a Crime in 
 them, to mourn for the Calamities which they could 
 not prevent. 
 
 In the mean Time, Cardinal Ricblieu has wcather'd 
 a Temped raifed againft him, by the Duke of Or- 
 leans t and his Party : As if the Fate of thefe two 
 Minifters ran counter, and One muft rife by the 
 Other's Fall. 
 
 Oliver, x had lain a Train for Cardinal Ricblieu^ 
 Deftrudlion, but fell into it himfelf. He had cor- 
 rupted one of the Cardinal's Creatures, who affocia- 
 ted himfelf with the Duke ef Bcuillon, and the Duke 
 of Orleatit. Befides private Grudges, they all fuf- 
 pected the Cardinal, as defigning upon the King's 
 Death to take the Regency into his own Hands. 
 They acquaint Olivarez with their Grievanees, and 
 enter into a private League with him. He, in Hopes 
 to rend the Kingdom of France into fatal Divifions, 
 as well as to ruin the Cardinal, agrees to furnifli the 
 Confpirators with twelve thousand Foot, and three 
 thoufand Horfe. Sfdan was to be the Rendezvous of 
 this Arnay. 
 
 But Cardinal Ricblieu, whom no Secret could 
 efcape, foqn difcovered the Plot, and acquaints the 
 King with it j who forthwith caufed the Confpi-
 
 Vol. II. a SP\< at PARIS. 79 
 
 rators to be feized, imprifoned, and two of their 
 Heads to be cut off ; the reft were pardon'd on Con- 
 ditions of Surrender, and perpetual Baniihment from 
 the King's Prefence. 
 
 This happen 'd much about the Time that Pfrfignatt 
 furrendred, which was on the ninth of the Mson Re&iuL 
 
 A little before, the Conspirators had fo obfcur'd 
 the Cardinal's Credit at the Court, that the King 
 denied him a Vifit, when requefted, in his Sick- 
 nefs ; upon which the drdinal withdrew himfelF. 
 But the King was quickly glad to follow him j 
 having no other Refuge in the midft of his Preffures, 
 but him who was Matter of all the Hearts, both of 
 his Subjects and Allies. At that Time, the Count He 
 (.rttif.be was defeated in Flanders, and the Parijians 
 were apprehenfive, that DOM Francifco de Melo would 
 bring his Forces into the Bowels of France. None 
 was able to extricate the King out of fo many Trou- 
 bles, bat the Chief Minijler. Thus by a fortunate 
 Concurrence of Events, the Cardinal is reftered to 
 his Matter's Favour, {ees his Foreign Enemies hum- 
 bled, Perp'gaan taken, and his Domeftick Foes cut 
 off and baffled. 
 
 I pray God, whofe Eye is over the Mujfitlman Em- 
 pire, to preferve thee from all the Machinations of 
 thine Enemies, and make thee to mine bright in the 
 Favour of the Grand Signior, 
 
 Paris, 1 2th of the \ ith Moon t 
 of the Year 1642. 
 
 LETTER XXXI. 
 To Nathan Ben Saddi, a Jew, at Vienna. 
 
 HY Letter with Carcoa's Journal, is come fafe 
 to my Hands, and the Ring which he be- 
 E 4 queathed 
 
 T
 
 8o LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 queatn'd me. That Legacy clemonflrates his AfFefti- 
 on, and that I have not ill deferved of him ; Tor the 
 Aclions of dying Men are void of Diiguife. 
 
 His Memoirs will be of great Service to me, con- 
 taining a more ancient Hiilory of the German Court, 
 from the Year 1600, to the Time of his Death, that 
 I have yet feen extant. I am not unacquainted with 
 Relations of this Kind. The Europeans make their 
 Hiflories fpeak what their AflecYion or Fear fuggefts, 
 rather than the Truth. The I iberty of Printing has 
 debauched the Integrity of molt Wiiters, they lludy 
 rather to pleafe than inform the Age. For this Rea- 
 foa, I rtjedt the greatefi Part of modern- Hiilory ; 
 coveting only the Manufcripts of fuch as Cur. oa. He 
 fpeaks impartially, having no other Byafs, than the 
 Service which he owed to the Grand ^igniar. 
 
 1 fpeak this for thy Encouragement and Direction, 
 who fucceeded that honeft old Man in his Poll. When 
 thou comniitteft any of thy Obfervations to Paper, 
 let them be of Things Remarkable, and True. 
 
 The Banker, to whom thou didii addrefs tlie Bill 
 fer my Payment, made a Demur at full, but Eliacbim 
 clear'd up his Doubts. I dtfire thee to order Matters 
 fo hereaf'er, that I may not be taken for a Cheat : 
 That may prove of ill Confequence to us all. I would 
 not have any fmifter Accident ftarted, which might 
 make the French fufpeft me. One Misfortune feldora 
 goes without Attendance. Theleaft Blemifti upon a 
 Man's Credit, ftraight infedls the Air. He whofe 
 Reputation is blafled, is fufpefted and (hunn'd like a 
 walking Peftilence. 
 
 Thou wilt do well to prevent thefe Mifchiefs, by 
 thy Care and Forefight. Take in good Part this Ad - 
 vice from Makmvt, who ftudies his Majlers Intereft, 
 jiot his tnvn. Adieu. 
 
 Paris, 1 5th ef the nth Moon, 
 of tbtTtar 1642. 
 
 LETTER
 
 T 
 
 of Unc 
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 81 
 L T T E E R XXII. 
 
 To the Venerable Mufti, Prince of the 
 True and Undefiled Faith. 
 
 HOU that art a Light to the Blind; the Pole-- 
 
 Star to them that are bewilder 'd in an Ocean 
 
 of Uncertainties j the Sandluary of the Mind, hatter'd 
 with a Tempeft of vain Opinions , tell me why it is 
 Blafphemy to fay, That God has already taken Flefh, 
 (as the Chriftians believe) fince our Holy Prophet him- 
 felf avouches, That SWfhall affumea Body at the Re- 
 furrefiion. I approach thy Sacred Palace, with burn- 
 ing Coals on my Head, with fervent and inflamed 
 Zeal in my Heart ; caft a gracious Eye on thy Sap- 
 pliant. Refolve my Doubts ; diflipate the Mift which 
 do :d my anxious Soul, and reftore me to a right 
 Mind, 
 
 If a Body be compatible with the Divine EJfincc, if 
 feems not to me a Blafphemy in the Cbrijtians, to 
 afTert the In-.arnatiin of the Word, whoiTV our Holy 
 Prophet calls alfo, The Breath of God. If this Breath 
 or Word st Gad, be not of the Effesct of the Divinity, 
 why is that Part of the Chrifiian Gofpel had in fuch 
 Reverence by theFait&ftt/Mu$gfinett, where it is faid, 
 In the Beginning, was the WORD, and the WORD 
 was with God, and God vjas the WORD ? If the 
 WORD be of the E/mce of God, then it will necef- 
 farily follow, thatG/h:..s taken a Human Body, iince 
 oar ' Hcly Prophet calls Him the //on/ of God, whom 
 the Cbriflians adore for God Incarnate. Bear with 
 ray Weaknefs and Importunity, and if I err, correct 
 me in thy Wifdom. And yet, let not thefe feem fo 
 Hiuch my Scruples, as the Arguments of Cbriftians, 
 whom I would gladly convince of their Htrefy \ but 
 it muft be with (olid Reafon. 
 
 E 5 Let
 
 8a LETTERS Writ fy Vol.11. 
 
 Let not my Lord be angry, if I aflc one Queftion 
 more : Our Holy DoScrs teach, That the dark Spots 
 in the Moon were made, when the Angel Gabriel 
 flew by, and brulh'd the Moon with one of his 
 Wings : I alk how great that Wing was, that could 
 make an Impreffion fo great, as to be confpicuous 
 to us at this prodigious Diftance ? Or, Is Gabriel to 
 be numbred among thofe lofty Angels, who can 
 ftride from one Star to another ? If he be, Was 
 there not Room enough in the vaft endlefs Skies, or 
 did he Jofe his Way through untrack'd Orbs, or did 
 he chance to wink in his Career, that he mould thus 
 unfortunately dafh the paler Lamp of Heaven ? If 
 he be one of tliofe foremention'd mighty, tall, and 
 wide-ftretch'd Argds, How came he to be fo con- 
 traded, when he viiited Mary the Mother of Jtfus 
 in her Clofet, and prefented her with a Rofe that 
 grew in Paradife. 
 
 Anfwer me this, O Sovereign Oracle of Truth, 
 fmce my Ears are frequently invaded with fuch Ob- 
 jje&ions and blafphemous Jefts, by thefe I/ifdtl<. How 
 can I hear our Holy Law abufed, and not burn in 
 Spirit ? Till me, I pray, how I fliall filence thefe 
 bold Difputers, thefe Mockers of the Book of Glory. 
 Think not this a frivolous Queftion , and impertinent 
 to Religion j for thefe Wejiirn People are fagacious 
 and fubtle j if they can f.nd ore Flaw in the Holy 
 Alcoran, they'll cry dcwn all the reft as falfe, and an 
 Impofture; at the very Thought of which Bleiffbemy 
 my Heart trembles. 
 
 Net long ago, a famous djlroncmer (bew n d me in 
 a Tdfcope the Globe of the Moon, through which 
 it fcem'd to me an Opake Body, like the Earth we 
 tread on ; and he affirm'd it to be fo, giving me 
 MatkctKetical Demonftrations for it ; telling me si- 
 fo, it was Habitable as our Globe ; and, that the 
 Difference of the brighter and more obfcure Parts 
 of the Moon confuted only in this, that the one 
 
 was
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 83 
 
 was firm Land, the other fluid Water, and, if I may 
 believe my Eyes, when aided by that Optick Inltru- 
 ment, it is no otherwifc than as he laid. 
 
 This AJlronomer is renowned throughout the Weft- 
 ern World, being efteemed the beft Pbilofopber that 
 ever wrote of natural Things. His Name is Renatus 
 da Cartes, I have been often converfant with him, 
 and took unfpeakable Delight in his refined Notions 
 of the World. He is as dextrous at unravelling the 
 Contexture of the very Elements, as tho' he had ftood 
 by the Eternal Artijl, when he extra&ed them from 
 the rude Chaos. The minuted Particle of Matter, 
 which is to the Eye of other Men invifibie, appears 
 to him in its proper Figure ; he talks as familiarly of 
 globous, fquare, and triangular Atonies, as tho 1 he 
 had a Pair of Compafles to take their true Dimensions 
 by. Were not this admirable Genius ftain'd with 
 great Impiety, in that he mocks the Bo^k of Glory, 
 the Holy Alcoran, true Guide to Paradife, I Jhould be- 
 lieve he was infpired from above. 
 
 One Day diicourfmg about the Body of the Moon, 
 he broke out into this blafphemous Jeft, The Arabian 
 Impvjlor, faid he, Ktgot as tvell have made bis Fol- 
 loiicers believe c what *u:e prate to Children, That there 
 is a Man in the Moon with a Bundle of Faggots on his 
 Btck, as to tell them that Fable, of the Angel Gabriel'/ 
 brujhing this Planet with bis Wing. I was not able 
 to hear any more, but took my Leave. 
 
 Furnifh me therefore, O Sacred Repofitory of all 
 true Science, with fuch convincing Arguments, as 
 may put to Silence thefe audacious Infdels. 
 
 God grant I may be one of thofe who mail hear the 
 Angel Ithurid read Lectures of divine Knowledge in 
 Paradife. 
 
 Paris, zoth of the 1 1 th Moan, 
 of the Year 1642. 
 
 E 6 L E T-
 
 8 4 LETTERS Writ ?y Vol. IL 
 
 LETTER XXXIII. 
 
 To the Vizir Azcm, at the Port. 
 
 I Am acquainted with a Gra^ Merchant in Paris, 
 who formerly lived in one of thofe pleafant I/lends 
 which lie about four Leagues from Conftant/aof/t, be- 
 ing iituated in the Propontis. 
 
 Afking him one Day, Whether Trading was the 
 Motive which induc'd him to quit thofe Paradifts up- 
 on Earth, and exchange them for the Stench and 
 Noife of this populous City ; he replied, That he 
 had fufpcient to make his Life happy in the Place of 
 his Nativity, being Matter of a gcod Eftate, and of 
 many fruitful Vineyards, having slfo Houfes there 
 which might \ie with the mod delightful Chiofcs of 
 the Muffulman Grandees : But, that the Janizaries 
 and other loofeMakometans frequenting thofe I/lands, 
 and eipecially that wherein he dwelt, committed fo 
 many Outrages when heated with Wine, as render'd 
 his Life infupportable ; for they would in thefe drunk- 
 en Frolicks, domineer as though they were Lords of 
 <he I/land, feizing upon- whatfoever pleafed them, 
 fpoil his Goods, and beat him like a Slave ; and if 
 he mildly remor.ftrated to them the Injuries they had 
 done him, they would give him no other Satisfaction 
 bat Oaths and Curies. 
 
 Thefe Calamities made him fell his Eftate, andtra- 
 \'cl into thefe Countries, where he might enjoy him- 
 felf with more Liberty, Profit and Eafe. ' 
 
 It is a Difhonour to the Ottoman Port, the Seat of 
 Juftkc, the San&uary of the World, to fuffer iuch 
 Diforders to be committed without due Chaftifement, 
 within Sight of the Seraglio* and by thofe who have 
 the Honour to guard the Perfon of the Sultan. 
 
 I reprefent thefe Things to thee, knowing thy Ju- 
 ftice will adminifter a fpeedy Remedy to thefe Di- 
 
 ftempers
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 85 
 
 (tempers of the Soldiery. Otherwife iliould they be 
 fuffered to go unpunifhed, we may expeft that noc 
 only thefe IJlands, but all Gr&cia will in Time be 
 dif-peopled. 
 
 Paris, 24th of the \ \ th Moon, 
 of the Tear 1642. 
 
 LETT E R XXIV. 
 
 $0 Cara Hali, the Pbyjician at Conftan- 
 tinople. 
 
 SUfFcr me to converfe with thee after the Manner 
 of Friends, with Freedom and Familiarity. I 
 have often difcovered unto thee the Diftempers of my 
 Body, now I will reveal thofe more dangerous Ones 
 of my Mind. And I know not whether they are 
 Diftempers or Cures of fuch. I have writ to the Mufti 
 on the fam-e Subject, in Part, but with Caution and 
 Referve : With thee I deal fi ankly, and pour into thy 
 Bofom the Secrets of my Heart. 
 
 I am diflatisfy'd in many Things pertaining to Re- 
 ligion. 'Tis true, I cannot think or fpeak of our 
 holy Prophet, but with infinite Attach and Venera- 
 tion ; yet I owe fomething to my Reafon. I will 
 btlieve the Mejj'enger of God was True and Perfect ; 
 but is it a Crime to think, his Succcjort were but 
 Men, fubjedl to Frailty and Error ? Their Divili- 
 ons, immediately after the Death of cur Great 
 Lawgiver, juflifie this Reflection, fmce the fatal 
 Schifm continues to thie Day. Either the Perjtans, 
 or we, muft be in the wrong. Grant which thou 
 wilt, it follows, That the Truth was no fooner fown 
 in the World, bnt it fprung up in mortal Herejies ; 
 and, I find no other Afilirance that we are in the 
 
 Right,
 
 86 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 Right, but the Aflertion of our Doflors, the Fol- 
 lowers of Ofman and Ebubecher ; who, for ought I 
 know, are no more exempted from Error, than the 
 Difciples of Haly. Both Sides believe tke Holy Pra- 
 phet, yet both at infinite Diltance in their Interpre- 
 tations of his Law. Each Party boafts they have the 
 true Senfe of the Divine Oracles, and curfes the op- 
 pofite for Hereti-cks. Truth cannot be repugnant to 
 itfelf. 
 
 From this original Schifm, well near a hundred fe- 
 veral Sefls have {prung, each maintaining different 
 Interpretations of the Lama, While Truth can be 
 but one, where mall a Man befure to find it amongft 
 fo many Pretenders to. it ? 
 
 Think not, that I am going to turn Chriftian, be- 
 caufe of this Liberty I take to fearch for Truth : For, 
 the Cafe is the fame, or worfe among them. 
 
 Jefus (whom our Holy Prophet calls the Breath and 
 Word of God, The Reformer of the Law of Mofes, 
 knotting the Secrets of Hearts, andivorking Miracles) 
 preach'd to the Jeivs Repentance, good Works, the 
 Refurreclion of the Dead, the Day of Judgment-* 
 the Joys of Paradife* and the Torments of Hell. He 
 chofe twelve Difciples to difperfe his Doftrine over 
 the World. But they like wife had Diilenfions among 
 themfelves, after that God had taken up the Mejpas 
 to Paradtfe ; each Apoftle leaving different Traditions 
 behind him in the Countries where he taught. Hence 
 fprung the Differences between the Churches of the 
 Eajl and Weft* and thcfe in ^Ethiopia. One follow- 
 ing Peter and Paul, Another believing John, the 
 Third defending the Traditions of Matthew. And 
 from thefe greater Schifmi, have fprung innumerable, 
 Smaller Sefis and Here/its : Each Church and Party 
 Excommunicating, Damning, ond Curfing all the 
 Reft ; yet All believe they (hall be faved. 
 
 Thus is the World at Odds about Religion, per- 
 fecuting, biting find devouring one another, be- 
 
 caufe
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 87 
 
 caufe they cannot all think alike. A fingular Argu- 
 ment of Religion, and a fpecial Encouragement to 
 gain Profelytes. 
 
 Thefe Confiderations have made me a Sceptick, in 
 controverted Points of Faith, and Matters of Opini- 
 on. Only in this I am fixed, That I believe in One 
 Eternal God, and reverence his Holy Me/engers and 
 Prophets. But, if an Angel from Heaven fliould tell 
 me monftrous and incredible Stories of Things re- 
 pugnant to the common Senfe and Reafon of all 
 Mankind, I would defire him to excufe me if I fui- 
 pended my Belief 
 
 I admire the Golden Age, when the Infant World 
 had not yet learn'd Bigotry ; when human Reafon 
 was not corrupted with divine Fables ; and natural 
 Confcience was the Oracle to which all reforted for 
 Solution of their Doubts ; before Superftition had 
 begun to drefs the Deity in frightful, uncouth Shapes : 
 Then harmlefs Innocence could (hew her naked Face* 
 which is now fain to go difguifed. No Man was put 
 to Death for Words or Thoughts of Things above 
 his Reach. No crafty Numa then had fobb'd upon 
 the credulous People his feign 'd JEgeria ; Nor golden - 
 tongu'd Pythagoras, could impofe the forged Whifpers 
 of his Eagle on the filly Crotctiians, for Sacred Ora- 
 cht. No Wonder-working Magician had led the 
 Rabble by the Nofe with his infernal Juggle : But, 
 pure and undebauched Reafon taught Men to lead 
 immortal Lives on Earth. 
 
 Tell me, O learned Haly ! Canft thou believe, 
 That the divine Architect had no other Way to 
 m ke Man, than by laying him a thoufand Years 
 broiling in the Sun ? Or, That there is an Apple- 
 Tree growing very near the Throne of God? Or, 
 Thajt the Angels can ftride fome hundred Thoufands 
 of Miles at once ? Can we not go to Paradife, un- 
 kfs we fwallow thefe ftrange Notions ? Is it not 
 enough to believe in God ajid Mahomet his Prophet, 
 
 except
 
 88 LETTERS /5Pr//, &c. Vol. IT. 
 
 except we will receive all for Truth, which the Dol- 
 ors tell us f I fait and pray at the appointed Times, 
 and fometimes oftner ; I give Alms ; I love all the 
 Creatures of God, that remain in his Love ; I am not 
 guilty of Theft, Murder, nor Adultery ; I never for - 
 iwore my felf, ner bore Falfe Witnefs: Yet, when I 
 am recollected, 1 think my lelf the worft of all Men ; 
 I think of every Peccadillo I commit, with inexprefli- 
 ble Regret. If all this is not fufficient to acquit me a 
 true and goo&'MuJfulman ; no Man, I hope, will blame 
 me, if I join with an eminent Man in thefe Weftern 
 Parts, and wifti my Soul among the Pbilofopbcn. 
 
 Paris, ajth of the nth Moon, 
 of tJye Year 1 642. 
 
 ttt Etjd of tie Firft Book.
 
 LETTERS 
 
 Writ by 
 
 A SPY at PARIS. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 BOOK II. 
 
 LETTER I. 
 To the Kaimacham. 
 
 THOU may eft remember a Letter I fent 
 thee concerning the Death of Mary df 
 Medici s, Queen Mother, and Dowager of 
 France, wherein I alfo fpoke of the fud- 
 den Sicknefs of the Cardinal of Rtchlieu, with the Re- 
 ports, Opinions, and Prophecies divulged on that Ac- 
 count. What Spirit foever infpired thofe Prophecies, 
 'tis certain, the Event juftifies their Predictions. For 
 the Candinal died this very Day, being the 4th of the 
 laft Moon in the Year, at his Palace in this City, being 
 not full fifty eight Years of Age. 
 
 lam
 
 ^o LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 I am not very credulous of Apparitions, Ghofts, 
 and fuch like Themes of vulgar Superftition: Yet, 
 'tis evident, the Cardinal never lived to fee the 
 common New-Tear's-Day, nor the fifty eighth Year 
 of his Life, as they fay the Queens Gbcji foretold 
 him. 
 
 Some that have been curious in examining his Pe- 
 digree, tell me, That his Progenitors were allied to 
 one of the Kings of Trc.nct. However, 'tis certain, 
 that he was defcended of an ancient and honourable 
 Family, of above five hundred Years Handing and 
 Eminence in that Kingdom. 
 
 He had his Education in the Uxwerjity of Par:;, 
 where he attained the Degree of Doclor of the Sor- 
 botme ', a Dignity much eiteerr.ed in France, and moft 
 Parts of CJyriJttndom, except in Rome, which Court is 
 jealous, of the Sorbwnljli, becaufe they have fome- 
 times decreed in Prejudice of the Ptpf's Authority, 
 and the Grandeur of the Roman Court. 
 
 After this he was made a Bijkop, then dltr.or.er 
 of Preface, next Secretary of State, in which Sta- 
 tion he acquitted himfelr fo happily, that the King 
 procured him the Dignity ef a Cardinal. There 
 are none of the Mincers of the Divan but know, 
 that a Cardinal is one of the Princci of the Raman 
 Church. 
 
 During thefe feveral Stairs of Preferment, he had 
 fignalized his great Abilities, in negotiating Affairs 
 of greateft Moment. Yet, in nothing did the Dex- 
 terity of his Wit appear more, than in reconciling 
 the Mifunderftanding between the King and the 2>uten 
 Mother. Whereby, he gained much upon btoth their 
 Affeftions ; fo that in a little Time, he was made 
 the Principal Minijltr of State, and CLief Direftor 
 of the Government ; having a Guard of Soldiers ap- 
 pointed to attend his Perfon. 
 
 Then he was made Supcrintendant of the Marine 
 Afiairs ; after this, GcneraliJJlmo of the Armies. So 
 
 that
 
 Vol. IL a SPY at PARIS. pi 
 
 that he feemed to have monopolized all Command 
 both in Church and State , by Sea and Land. 
 
 It was impoffible fer him to efcape the envious 
 Eyes of die Grandees ; nay, the Queen-Mother her 
 feJf, who firfl raifed him, began- now to grow jea- 
 lous of his great -Power : But efpecially the Prinees 
 of the Blood were highly offended at him. The 
 Ccvnt of Soiffbns ftomach'd the Indignity the Cardi- 
 nal had offer 'd him, in propofing the Marriage of 
 his Daughter. The Duke of Orleans fufpefted his 
 Defigns upon the Regency. Yet all their Confpiracies 
 againfl him proved ineffe&ual. For neither by pub- 
 hck Arms, nor private Machinations, could they 
 ever prevail againft the fixed Defliny of this great 
 Miniftcr ; who, tho 1 he had been often attempted to 
 be poifon'd, piftol'd, and ftabb'd, yet died quietly 
 in his Bed, having a little before received a Vifit 
 from the King. 
 
 I will not prefume to make Corollaries or GlOitej 
 on thefe Things, as tho' I were able to inftrud thee, 
 whofe Wifdom and Experience renders thee a fit 
 Oracle for the greateft Princes to refort to in time of 
 Need. I only lend thee bare Matter of Faft ; and, 
 together with an Account of the Cardinal's Death, 
 a brief Abftraft of his Life, as I received ic from 
 one of the moft obferving and knowing Men in the 
 French Court. 
 
 J wifh thee Health, Long Life, and Happinefs. 
 
 Paris, 4th of the Injl Mow, 
 of the Year 1642. 
 
 LETTER
 
 a LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 LETTER II. 
 
 . fo the Venerable Mufti. 
 
 I Have fent to the SjamaeJkata, an. Account of the 
 Death of Cardinal Ricbliiu, \vi:h fome Paffages 
 relating thereto, wherewith I thought it not proper 
 to interrupt thy Diviner Thoughts. 
 
 This &reat Minifer died the Fourth of this Inftant 
 Moon, being the hift of the Year, in his Palace at 
 Paris. His Eody u interred in the Cbapd of the 
 College of Sorbcnne, where he finiSied his Studies, 
 and attained the Degree of DoFor in theology. He 
 has left hehind him a prodigious Eftate, amounting 
 to a Million of Crowns Yecrly, which he has be- 
 queathed in Legacies to his Kindred, Friends, and 
 Creatures: And, as a particular Demontfration of 
 his Gratitude to the King, he has made him Heir of 
 his Cardinal Palace in this City, with all the Plate 
 and Furniture in it. And, at the lail Vifit the King 
 made him (which was a little before his Death) he 
 prefented him with a Stone worth a hundred thoufand 
 Crowns of Gold. Upon which, 'tis difcourfed, That 
 the King will fettle a yearly Revenue on a certain 
 Number of the Soriit&ift, to celebrate Mafs daily 
 for the Ccrdinars Soul, during the Space of one 
 Year, and ence a Year afterwards on the Day that 
 he died. For, thefe Infdcls approach thus near the 
 true and unde/i led Faith, in that they hatfe Hopes of 
 Jmmtrtalitjt believing the Rifttrrttfion of the Dead, 
 and that the Prayers, Alms, and good Works of the 
 Living, do attone for the Sins of the Departed ; as 
 as our holy Doctors teach, and, as is the Pradlice of 
 the Mi<J/ulmar t s throughout the World. 
 
 This
 
 Vol.11. a SPY at PARIS. 3 
 
 This Cardinal was richly endowed by Nature, 
 having a firm Intellect, vigorous Spirits, quick Ap- 
 preher>fion, folid judgment, faithful Memory, and 
 a moil prevailing Way of Difcourfe. A Man highly 
 fcrviceable to his King and Country ; and therefore 
 deferving better of the Fnncb thau thofe fcandalous 
 Repoius and Libels which were every where in- 
 thilliioi.ily fprcad abroad, to leiTen his Fame. Yet, 
 there wanted not thofe who itrewed Flowers on his 
 Grave, and perfumed his Allies with Encomiums, and 
 f'anegyiicks. In this he fhared the common Fate of 
 the Grfaf, that he was wialign'd and esvied Living, 
 but honour'd with the Tears of his very Enemies 
 when Dead. 
 
 There is one Fault to be found in his Conduct, 
 without appearing too cenforious, That he being a 
 Man confecratod to the Service of the Altar, mould 
 fo often take the Field, and, divefting himfelf of the 
 peaceful Robes of Religion, mould cloath himfelf 
 in Steel, delighting more in the Smell of Gun- 
 powder, than that of Incenfe, and preferring the 
 Noife of War, to the Hyinns and Antiphons of the 
 Church : Not that Religion is incompatible with 
 Valour ; and, to fight for one's Country, is not as 
 Lawful and as Pious, as to pray for its Profpsrity. 
 Our Holy La^c, the celcflial Pattern of Truth to the 
 World, exhorts us to Courage. And all True Belie- 
 vers are allured of the Joys of Paradife, of unfa- 
 ding Crowns," and eternal Felicities, if they lofe 
 their Lives in Defence of the f acred Empire, and 
 the Book of Glory : Our immort&l Lawgiver, giving 
 us his own Example, when he laid the Foundation 
 of the greateft and moft iiluftrious Empire in the 
 World, in the Wounds of his Enemies, cementing 
 the W 7 ork with the Blooi of Millions of Infidsls. Nor 
 has the Superftru&ure been carried on by any other 
 Methods, than thofe of perpetual War with the 
 Nations who will not fuhmit to our I'icinrious Sul- 
 tan
 
 94 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IT. 
 
 tan, \!nt invincible Lord of the Earth. But, thcMr/V 
 fenger of God, never required the Imaurns or Z)^r- 
 o///tj to take the Field ; leaving Armt only to Sfcu- 
 lar Men, and the Alcoran to the Religious. 
 
 I forget that 1 am fpeaking to him, whofe Rcpofe 
 and Tranquility is the fpecial Care of Heaven, who 
 is not to be difturbed by Emperori. Therefore, in 
 profound Reverence, I faiute thy Holinefi with a du- 
 tiful Obeifance, and fo withdraw my Pen. 
 
 Paris, 4th of the laft Moon t 
 of the Tear 1642. 
 
 LET r E R III. 
 
 .*, *.;. ,-, r., .., ' ~ ;\.~> j '-^.'l 
 
 To Jafmir Sgire Rugial, an Aftokger at 
 Aleppo. 
 
 THOU needefl not be a&amed of thy Name, 
 though it denotes the Dwarfifhnefs of thy Bo- 
 dy. That little Epitome of human Stature, is ex- 
 quifitely regular. Nature in framing it has (hewed 
 her Skill in Proportions, though fhe feems to have 
 made it too narrow for thy Soul. In this, thou 
 art obliged to her for thy Knowledge ; thy Mind 
 feeing uneafy in its diminutive Habitation, is for 
 that Reafon feldom at Home. Thy Soul is a perfedl 
 Night-walker; when other Men are a- bed, and a- 
 flcep, thou art taking thy Rounds among the Stars . 
 Thou art become a Spy upon the Plantts ; if any 
 of them make but a'falie Step, thou telleft the 
 World of it. Thou arta Pimp to all their amorous 
 Affignations and Conjunctions, and Vulcan him- 
 ielf never fo often expofed the Intrigues of Mars 
 and Venus, as thou haft done. But, I would have 
 thee beware left they revenge themfelves on thee" 
 
 fome
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 93 
 
 fome Time or other, as they A id upon one of thy 
 Profejfion, by llirring up a certain King to take away 
 his Life. He was a bold Fellow, anS pretended 
 great Familiarity with the Stars. One Day hecame 
 to the King, and to'd him, he had exaftly calcu- 
 lated his Nativity ; and by his bfervation from 
 thence, according to the Rules of Art, had ditto - 
 ver'd, that he fhoald not live out that Year. The 
 King replied, / will prove, That try Skill is greater 
 than thine ; for I know the <very Hour of thy Death, 
 which is now precifely, and which all tljy Knowledge 
 in AuYology could never forcfee, nor be able toprevenf. 
 So he commanded his Head to be immediately cut 
 off. I would not have thy Star-gazing fo fuddenly 
 fpeil'd ; tho' they fay, thou haft ventured to talk 
 fomewhat too largely. 
 
 Judicial dfinhgy feems in a great Meafurr, ob- 
 liged to Superjiitiox, for the Credit it has gained 
 among Men ; and the Latin Pro-verb fays, A Wife 
 Man Jhall over-rule the Stars, For my Part, I would 
 rather counfel thee to follow thy old Recreation of 
 teaching Pigeons to be Letter-Carriers. Yet I would 
 not have thee from thence, think of building Caftles 
 in the Air, like JEfop, nor of flying to the Mio/t by 
 the Help of a Team of Gee/ft in Imitation of Do- 
 mingo Gor. f.les. 
 
 But, fince I am got among the Birds, which thoa 
 art fo much delighted in ; before I take my Leave, 
 1 wifli thee as good Fortune with thy winged Dif- 
 ciples, as the Roman Ctbler had, who taught a 
 Parrot to falute the Emperor as he went along the 
 Street, with thefe Words, Hail Co-far ; which the 
 Emperor hearing, gave him a Royal Price for his 
 Parrot. The poor Man overjoyed at his good Luck, 
 got another Parrot, and attempted to teach her in 
 the fame Manner ; but, having taken much ineffe- 
 ctual Pains, he ufed to fret, and fay, I have loft my 
 Labour. Yet at length, by daily repeating thefe 
 
 Words,
 
 $6 LETTERS Wrtf by Vol. If. 
 
 Words, the Pt.rrot had learned both Sentences, and 
 the next Time the Emperor came by, it iaid, Hail 
 Cafar ! to- which the Emperor replied, Ibave enough 
 fuch "Flatterers at borne ; the Parrot having her Lef- 
 fon perfeft, rejoin'd, I have loft my Labour ; which 
 the Emperor hearing, and pleas'd with the Novelty, 
 bought this alfo, and fettled a generous Penfion on 
 the Man during his Life. 
 
 If thou ould'ft by fome lucky Contingency, fill 
 thy Pigeons at fuch a Rate to Sultan Ibrahim, thy 
 Time would be betterfpent, than in playing the Ma - 
 cury, and bringing News from die Stars. But then 
 thy Pigeons muit be better bred, than was that which 
 was fent to the Sof/ji of Pirjta wi:h a Mcilage from 
 Babylon, when the late invincible Sultan dmurafhbc- 
 iieged it ; for, the feather' d Courier inftead of flying 
 to the Per/tan Camp, took up fhort by the Way, and 
 perching on the Pavilion of the Vizir Azcm, was 
 forthwith fhot, and the fecret Neceffities of the City 
 were expoftd to the Ottoman Army. 
 
 May fu diF<:te always attend Infidels and Uereticks, 
 when they take up Arms againft the MuJ/ulmaa Evt-. 
 pi re. Adieu. 
 
 x.v cJ srj t Ip'ioji ,4' M- . r i.T* i " 
 
 Paris, loth of tie lajl Moon, 
 of the Tear 164.2. 
 
 LETTER IV. 
 To the Grand Sigmor'j Chief Treaftirer. 
 
 THOU telleft me the Mmfiers of the Supreme 
 Divan, accufe me of Negligence, in not writ- 
 ing often, and Things of Importance. In my 
 Opinion, thou thy felf haft moft Reafpn to con- 
 plain on this Score, fince I have not IJent a Letter 
 
 to
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 9? 
 
 to thee thefe four Moons ; in which Time, not one 
 of the reft but has received feveral from me. 
 Would they have me coin News ? Would they have 
 me amufe them with Relations of Things which ne- 
 ver had any Exigence ? I have not failed hitherto 
 to communicate to the Port all the Intelligences I 
 have received : But they ought to confider, Thit the 
 Winter affords Kttle-of Aftion. Time, the Devourer 
 of all Things, has almoft iwallowed up the Year ; 
 only this laft Mom feems to be pickled in. Ic jr a 
 Defert. We are here up to the K'.iecs.in Snow : And 
 the greateft Warriors find it belt encamping by the 
 Fire-fide. 
 
 Here is a Rumor, That the King of Perjlv is 
 Dead. They fay alfo, That the Greet Mogul v, ill 
 not put on Mourring for him, being by his Death 
 freed from a Storm which threatned to fubvert all 
 his Dominions on this Side of Qsngcs. 'Tis added, 
 That he has fought the Alliance of the Grand Sign'tor* 
 with p'urpofe to continue the War againft the young 
 King of Peyfia, Uvho has not yet feen thirteen v .%- 
 iners) and to carry his Forces to the VValls of Ifpa" 
 han, It is not lawful for me to diftate to my 6.<u- 
 rg-, who is the Sole Judge of the Unwerji^ -, but 
 permit me to guefs what will be his Conduft in this 
 Affair (if what I have heard be true.) I have no .Rea-- 
 fon to think, That Sultw Ibrahim v/iii violate the 
 Peace, which he has fo lately concluded with the 
 King of P<.rjia, the Articles whereof he carries in his 
 Bo Torn. 
 
 Thou feed, rnoft ferene Sofia, the Tide of News 
 is fo low, That I&ahmut is forced t ftoop and re- 
 ceive it, puddled as it is, by the Mouths of \ he Vul- 
 gar. If I acquaint thee with what thou kneweft 
 before, let nor the Blame reft on me, who ought to 
 have received this Intelligence from fome 01 the* 
 Miniflcrs of the Sublime Pori, which is the Taber- 
 nacle where Fame keeps her Refidence. My whole 
 F Life*
 
 $8 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 Life, and the belt of my Spirits are confecrated to 
 the Service of the Grand Sig mor \ I fpare no Pains or 
 Geft, whereby I may render myfelf effectually ufe- 
 ful to the Great Mafter of the Univerfe : I write often 
 to the Minifters of the Divan, who are his Slaves as 
 well as I j yet none vouchfafes me an Anfwer, ex- 
 cept the Reis Effendi : I received alfo one Letter full 
 of Confolation and Advice, from the Venerable 
 Mufti. Likewife HaJ/ein Sofia laid his Commands 
 on me. Thefel efteem my Friends. I would think 
 fo of all Men, who ferve Sultan Ilrahim, if they 
 would ceafe to load me with Obloquies. 
 
 I was about to conclude my Letter, when an old 
 Courtier interrupts me with the News of the Surren- 
 der of Torfcna, a ftrong Town in Piedmont, pofleffed 
 by the Spaniards, till now obliged to quit it by the 
 Frtttcb Forces, under the Command of the Duke of 
 Longueville. This Place was furrcndred on the Twen- 
 ty fixth of the Eleventh Moon. 
 
 There has been a long Difference between the 
 Princes of the Houfe of Savoy ; which, is at length, 
 epmpofed, by the Marriage of Prince Maurice, Car- 
 dinai of Savoy, with his Niece, the Daughter of the 
 Dutchefs Regent. This is that which has warm'd the 
 Courage of the French Army, at this frozen Time 
 of the Year. For, upon this Match, the Cardi- 
 nal of Savoy's Brother, Prince Thomas, joined his 
 Forces to the French, and took feveral ftrong Caftles 
 and Towns from the Spaniards, whom before this 
 Prince had aflifted ; and now lart of all, to wind up 
 the Year, they have made themfelves Matters of this 
 Tortona, a Place environed with Rocks and Moun- 
 tftins, 
 
 By which thou may 'ft perceive, That there is no 
 Difficulty fo great, which may not be overcome with 
 Courage and Perfevsrance. 
 
 I recommend my ielf to thy Protedion and Fa- 
 vpur, Illultrious BcJ/a, and defirc the Heavens to
 
 Vol. II. <* SPY at PARIS. pp 
 
 remunerate thee with an Inoreafe of Joy and Felici- 
 ty, both here, and in Paradtfe. 
 
 Paris, i oth of the 1 2th Moon, 
 of the Year 1642. 
 
 LETTER V. 
 Te Darnifk Mehemet, Ba/a. 
 
 SINCE the Death of the Cardinal ofRichlitu, here 
 is great caballing, and changing of Pkces at 
 Court. His Succeflbr in the Piloi&ip of the State, 
 is Cardinal Julio Mazarini, an Italian^ of a Gene- 
 rous Extraction. Neither comes he fhcrt of Rich' 
 lieu, in all thole rare Qualities and Endowments, 
 which form a compleat Statefman , having accom- 
 plifh'd feveral Negotiations, with great Succefs and 
 Applaufe. 
 
 Now the old Officers begin to be caftuer'd, to 
 make Room for the Creatures of this New Minifter, 
 the King abfolutely refigning the Conduct f tke 
 Publick to him. And, it is no Wonder to fee the 
 King thus flexible, if what is privately whifper'd 
 be true, That the >ueen has yielded to the Cardinal 
 in Points of greater Referve. And curious Eyes 
 pretend to dilcern the Features of Mazarini in the 
 Dauphins Face, who is not much above Four Years 
 old, being Born on the fifth Day of the ninth Moen> 
 in the Year 1638, according te the Cbriftiatis He- 
 gira. The Cardinal is of a Grave and Majeftick 
 Afpeft, full-fac'd, having a piercing Eye : He is 
 fomething inclined to Fat, being a great Eater, as 
 they fay. 
 
 T'odier Day he had like to have been choak'd 
 
 by a Piece of Ueel, one Part of which hung faft ; i 
 
 F z hit
 
 too LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 his Teeth, and the other juft reach'd the PaiTage to 
 the Lungs ; and, as it were, barring up the Door of 
 that Paflage, hindred his Refpiration fo long, that 
 his Noie fuddenly darted out a-bleeding ; his Face 
 grew black, and he was ready to drop down dead, 
 had not one of his Attendants forcibly thruft his 
 Finger into his Mouth, and faftning on the Morfe!," 1 
 pull'd it out of his Throat. 
 
 He, that is Lord of Life and Death, Preferve thee 
 from all Perils, and make thee happy in the Service 
 of our Great Mafler ; who will in Time, I hope, 
 curb the Infolence, and punilh the Vices of theie 
 gluttonous Infdels. 
 
 Paris, i Ath of the ift Moon, 
 of the Tear 1643. . 
 
 LETTER VI. 
 
 ';!-..: &o Ifouf, bis Kinfman. 
 
 ,.,' ''. #, Yiri i "ivi tfJU'Tj ..- > . .' vt ". -...ift 
 
 I Believe, thou and thy Coufm S fly man, take me 
 for a Marriage-Broker, r a Goffip : Is there no 
 Body in Conjlavtiivple, can inftrucl you how to ma- 
 nage your Wives, that you fend for Counfel to Paris ? 
 Or, Do you lay Sn.res for me, by extorting fuch 
 Advice, as will draw the Revenge of Women upon 
 me ? Believe me, I have no Mind to run the Fate of 
 Orpheus, or, That the Tragedy of the Ciconian Wives 
 ihould be afted upon me. 
 
 I rather expefted acompleat Jcurnalof thy Tra- , 
 vcls in the Eajl : But, I perceive, thou haft not yet 
 received my Letter. Thou talkeft of going to Alep- 
 fo in the Spring. If thy Refolution hold, I defire 
 thee when thou art there, to make an Ofering for 
 flie to Sbeh Boubac, the Santone, whofe Sepulchre ' 
 
 il 

 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 
 
 is about a League from that City, a Place of great 
 Devotion, and retorte.l to from ail the Cities in thofe 
 Parts. Without dcnht, Skrh B'.r.bac is with .God ; 
 and his Prayers are i.nrd for fuck as honour his Vir- 
 tues, and approuCi, .~ Sepulchre, to pay their Devo- 
 tions there with Humility and Faith. 
 
 Likevvife, I dcfire thee to diuribute three ' -.~\- 
 dred dfptrs to the Poor of ^l.fpo, who beg in the 
 Streets for the Sake of Syntatia Fijj'n. If thou haft 
 not heard of this Female Saint, I will relate to thee 
 how fne came to be Canonized. This City \vas the 
 Place of her Nativity and Refidence. When me 
 came to the Age of Sixteen Years, me was married 
 to a Spa bee, call'd Griu/i Eben S a gran ; but, the 
 jfirft Night, as her Hu/band was going to Bed with 
 her, he fell into a Trance ; wherein he faw Para- 
 a'ife open'd, and the Holy Prophet leading Syntana. 
 FiJJa, his Wife, in one of the Alleys of Eden. 
 Whereby, when he came to hifnfelf, and miffing 
 his Wife, (who was never after to be found) he was 
 fatisfied that me was one of the Daughters of Para- 
 'flife. Since which Time, the People have efteem'd 
 her as a Saint, or rather an incarnate Female Angel. 
 The M'jort relate this Story otherwife, and make a 
 fecond Mary Magda'.en of her ; of whom the Gre- 
 cians "fay, That fhe was a common Proititute at fir ft, 
 but on a Time being alked her accuflomed Favours 
 gratis, and for the Love of God, me by granting it. 
 merited the Grace of Converfion, and io became a 
 Saint. But, I would not have thee regard this Fable, 
 tho' it be common in the Mouths of the Ignorant at 
 Aleppo. 
 
 If thou beareft any Reflect for thy Uncle Mab- 
 tnut, let me have a Proof of it, in giving me an 
 Account of thy Travels. I do not require a Chart 
 of the Regions through which thou hail pafs'd ; be- 
 ing no Stranger to the Geography of Jljia. Neither 
 would 1 have thee tell me, how many Leagues, 
 V Courfes,
 
 102 LETTERS Writ by Vol.11. 
 
 Courfes er Furlongs there are between fuch and fuch 
 Cities- Thefe are the Remarks of every Carrier or 
 Murcerman. But that which I aim at, is to know, 
 What Natural, Moral, and Political Obfervations 
 thou haft made, in fo vaft a Tra6\ ef Ground as thou 
 haft meafnred, comprehending the greateft and moft 
 celebrated Part of Afia. 
 
 This is the fecond Letter I have fent thee, fince 
 thy Return to Ccnflantinople : Let thy Anfwer be 
 adequate to ray Expectation. In the Interim, I 
 counfel thee firft to get an abfolute Conqueft of 
 thy felf, and then thou wilt eafily goven thy 
 Wife. 
 
 May the moft high God adjuft your J)ifference* 
 happily, and make your Lives to be as innocent and 
 contented, as thofc of Philemon and Baucit, Thou 
 knoweft the Story. Adieu. 
 
 Paris, zoth of the ift Moon, 
 of the Tear 1643. 
 
 LETTER VIL. 
 
 2*o Mahomet, BalTa of Damafcus. 
 
 TTERE is a Genoeft Merchant in this City, with 
 JL JL whom I often converfe, as I do with all 
 Strangers that are Men of Intelligence, learning 
 fometimes from them Advices which a're not com- 
 mon. He tells me, That Ma*four t The youngeft 
 Son of QldFacardine, the brave Emir of Si Jon, whom 
 his Father had given in Hoflage to Sultan Amuratb, 
 is now living in the Court of the Duke of Florence ; 
 that he efcaped by the Afliftance of a Grecian Priejt, 
 from the Caftle of the Seven Towers, and, That the 
 Duke of Florence has promifed to affift him with 
 
 Ships,
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 
 
 Ships, Men and Money, towards the Recovery of 
 his Patrimony. 
 
 The Trench fpeak of his Father, with much Re- 
 fpet, and Companion of his Misfortunes j they fay, 
 He was defcended from a Noble Captain, which the 
 Renowned Godfrey of Eulloign left in thofe Parts, 
 when he was engaged in the Wars of the Holy Land, 
 and, that though racarJitu wore a Turkifli Turbant, 
 yet he had French Blood in his Veins. They tax 
 Amuratb with the Violation of his Oath, in caufing 
 him to be Itrangled, when he had folemnly fworn 
 to the contrary. And fome of them are fo bold 
 as to fay, That, if his Son Alt had not been kill'd, 
 he would have fhook the Throne, whofe Founda- 
 tion is deep as the Centre of the Earth -, and there- 
 fore cannot be moved, without the Diflblution of the- 
 Globe. 
 
 This Genoffe brags much after the fame Nature of 
 Manfour, who, he fays, is preferved by Providence 
 to abafe the Pride of the Ottoman Family, to revenge 
 his Father's Blood, and re-eftablifti the Drufes in their 
 ancient Pofleffion. 
 
 Suppofing this News to be true, I judged it my 
 Duty to give thee timely Notice of it, who poiTefTeit 
 part of his Eftate ; left he mould furprize thee, un- 
 awares, and ferve thee as one of his Ancefiors did 
 the Damafcenes, who got from them feveral of their 
 Towns and Caftles, when they leaft dreamt of any 
 Jnvafion. He will lay claim to Gazir, D\4cre, and 
 Saphet, thofe being torn from his Father in that 
 lail Rebellion. In a Word, thou would'ft find 
 him an ill Neighbour, mould he catch thee unpro- 
 vided. 
 
 Should it come to a Tryal, I wifh thy Soldiers 
 may prove more faithful to thee, than did the Ger- 
 mans lately, under the Command of Leopold, Arch- 
 Duke of Aujiria, and General Picolcmini ; who going 
 to relieve Leipjick, befieged at that Time by the 
 F 4 Sivfttes,
 
 i>4 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IF, 
 
 Sivfdcs, and entring Eattle with them, above Six. 
 Thcnfand of their Soldiers never difcharged a Muf- 
 ket, or drew a Sword ; but gave thnr Enemies an 
 entire Victory, without fuiking a Stroke. Should 
 thy Forces ferve thee fo, when Manfcur enters thy 
 Territories, thou wilt be in Danger of Icfmg, not 
 only the fore-mentioned Towns, but Damafiut it- 
 felf; a Place ib delicioufly lltuated, that cur Holy 
 Propbti hirnfeif d.urit not venture into it, left this. 
 Earth.;/ Paradifc Ihould tempt hiin to take up his 
 Abode there, and caufe him to ncgleft the Hea- 
 venly, 
 
 May the great Proteflor of Kingdom* and Empires, 
 preserve both Damt-.fcut aad the whole Etnpire, from 
 the Fury of R*htlt and Infdcli. 
 
 Paris, 4th of tke id Moon, 
 of the Tear i&4-$' 
 
 LETTER VIII. 
 
 To the Venerable Mufti, Arbitrator of the 
 Problems and Myfleries of Faith. 
 
 IAddrefs to the Dtift of thy Feet, O thou Spring 
 of all Irtte Science. I wrote to tiiee formerly, to 
 defire thy Inftrudlion and Aid, in anfwering feme 
 Cavils and Blafphemies of the Infidels. Now I think 
 a great Light hath (hined in my Bread. Now I 
 think 1 can anfwer them with Arguments clear and 
 intelligible. Neverthelefs I will not walk without a 
 Guide. . 
 
 Oar Life in this tranfitory World, is checquer'd 
 with various Intervals of Light and Darknefs, of 
 Knowledge and Ignorance, borne Jrnes, the Soul of 
 
 Maa
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 105 
 
 Man is bright and ferene as the Orient, at other 
 Times wrapp'd up in Clouds and Mifts. Then we 
 are as in a Dream, and full of Anxiety ; we grop^fe 
 about for Truth, and flumble upon Errors, as in 
 the Depth of Night. So fared it with me, when 
 thefe Infiddi afiaulted me with Queltions and Cavils 
 concerning our Holy Law. I heard them with Hor- 
 ror and Pain, but knew not how to put them to 
 Silence. I fled to thee for Succour, who art in- 
 ftrufted in all Knowledge, true Heir of the Propbe- 
 tick Light. But a Ray from Heaven has prevented 
 thy Anfwer, and I will communicate to thee my 
 Thoughts. 
 
 God is moft High, and IncomprekenfibU ; we.can- 
 not overtake him in his Ways.' The Works of his- 
 Hands are Perfed, and full of Wifdom. Why do 
 the Infidtli Blafpheme the Eternal? Gabriel^ the 
 Mijfenger of Gid, Bright and Glorious, flew through 
 the Hezvens ; and to avoid a burning Comet whicfc 
 then fian.-ed in the Sky, he took his Courfe too near 
 the Orb of the Moon ; and, with the End of one of 
 his Wings, he brufh'd the Planet, leaving a Mark of 
 the Stroke, as a Memorial to the Angels for the fu- 
 ture ; even as a Sea-mark is placed to give warning 
 of Rocks and Sands. 
 
 The Infidels deride, and afk, Hc-iv big was Gabriel V 
 Wing? Who can meafure the Works of the Omnipo- 
 tent ? Let thefe. Infidth number but the Atoms that 
 cleave to. the Seles of their Feet, when they walk in 
 fandy Places ! Or, Let them weigh the Air that is 
 (hat up la a Bottle ! If they cannot perform thefe 
 Things "which are near them, and svithin their Reach, 
 why do they mock at the Greatacfs of Angels, which 
 dwell in the Immenfe Heavens. 
 
 They take their Meafures of Calfftial Things from 
 
 the narrow Search ot their Ser.fes, which yet fail 
 
 thenn in common Tcrreftriat Objefls If we believe 
 
 cur Senib, they wo.ild perfuade us, That the Moon 
 
 F 5 ||
 
 Jo6 LETTERS Writ ly Vol. IT. 
 
 is no bigger than a Royal Charger, and the Stars 
 have no larger Dimenfions, than a Lamp or Torch : 
 Whereas we are afiured by Reafon, and AJlronomi- 
 fWObfervations, That the Moon is little Lefs than 
 the Globe of the Earth ; and that fome of the Stars 
 are near a Hundred Times Bigger. If thefe Orna- 
 ments of the Sky, which look, at this Diflance, like 
 glittering Sparks of Fire, are really of fo prodigious 
 a Bulk ; why may we not believe, That Angels, who 
 dwell higher than the higheft Stars, are much Grea- 
 ter, and more Magnificent Creatures than they ? Nay, 
 what Incongruity is it to believe, what our Holy Do- 
 ficrs teach, That the Angels can ftride from one Star 
 to another. 
 
 And now I am plunged thus far in the Depths of 
 Nature, fuffer me to wade yet deeper, nay, to fwim 
 in the Abyfs of Speculation. I will tell thee my 
 Thoughts : The Works of God are Unmeafurable, 
 and there is no Bound or Limit to the Extent of the 
 World ; 'tie high as Thought can foar, endlefs as 
 Imagination can travel. Who can tell where the 
 Wai's of Parcdife are ? Or, Has any one gone the 
 Circuit of the St<vtntb Hewcn? Magnificent is the 
 Fabrick of Gcct, and the Apartments thereof are 
 full of IVajefty .' The Potentates above are Glori- 
 ous and Mighty ; and the Msnfions of Angels fur- 
 pafs in Grandeur this vifible World ! How great 
 then is the Stature of thofe Angeh ! Let not Infidels 
 deride, nor think it a Fable ; for, the Diftance be- 
 tween the Feet of an Angel is msny Hundred Thou- 
 fand Miles. They tujn the Calejlial Orbs about (if 
 what the learned Clrijlwns teach out o'f Arijlotle* 
 and other old Pbikfyhtrs be true, when they af- 
 fign to each Sphere its particular Angel, or Moving 
 Inttlligince.) Hew can this be done, unlefs Angels 
 were Greater and Mightier than the Orbs they move ? 
 Without all Doubt, the Lefler is moved of the 
 the Greater, and the Weaker by the Stronger. Thefe 
 
 are
 
 Vol. IT. a SPY At PARIS. 107 
 
 are Arguments clear and intelligible, and fuch as the 
 Infidels cannot anfwer. Thus ihall 1 be able to aflfert 
 the Truth againft the Impious, and to vindicate the 
 glorious Works of God (the itrong and potent Angels, 
 excelling in Majcity and Grandeur) from the Blafphe- 
 mies of the Uncircumcifed. 
 
 If they alk, How the Angel Gabriel (fince he is of 
 fo prodigious a Stature) could be circumfcribed in the 
 Clofet of Mary, the Mother of Jeftu ? I aik them, 
 How the Body of Jrfus, which, they fay, is in the 
 Sacrament of the Mafs (of which thou art not igno- 
 rant) can be circumscribed within the narrow Com- 
 pafs of a Wafer ? Or, How can it be there, and in 
 Heaven at the fame Tim? ? Which they believe; nay, 
 and in Ten Thoufand Wafers, in fo many different 
 Places of tlie World at once.? 
 
 To this fo prcfling an Argument, they have no 
 ether Anfwer, but, That the Power of God is Infinite* 
 and his Works Incamprehenfible. Very well : If he 
 be Omnipotent in one Thing, is his Power reftraintd 
 in another ? If the Pnf-nce of the Body of Jefus in 
 feveral Places at the fame Time, be Incomprebcnfeble* 
 fo is the Appearance of the mighty Angel Gabriel, 
 in the Oratory of the Virgin Mary, Intomprcbenfibie 
 alfo. 
 
 The Nature of A*geh is unknown to us Mortals, 
 and the Manner of thtir Appearance. Sufficient it 
 is, To believe the Divine Oracles, and not to pry in- 
 to the Secrfts of Gad. 
 
 Thus ihall I confute the Infdi-ls, when they cavil 
 againft the Alcoran ; thus mall I feal up the polluted 
 Lips, and pat to Silence the Blafphemous Tongues 
 of the Enemies of God and his Prophet. 
 
 Moreover, they fay, The Meffengcr of God has 
 promifed a fenfual Paradife to the 'True Bf/ieverj, 
 bedaufe the Bwk ef Glory mentions the Gardens of 
 Eden ; Gardens wherein flow many Rivers. Rivers of 
 Wine, Milk and Honey, with Trees ef all deleSa- 
 F 6 able
 
 I o8 LETTERS Writ ly Vol. II. 
 
 b!e Fruits ; ?.nd thp.t the Righteous fhall be clcath- 
 ed in Vefts of Purple and Crimfon, repofing on itate- 
 ly Beds, and fhaii' enjoy the Company of Beautiful 
 Women, and fhall be replenifhed with eternal Feli- 
 city. 
 
 jJoubtlefs, They are blinded with Malice, and 
 hocd-wink'd by the Spirit of Contradiction ; elfe, 
 Why d they thus cavil at the manifeft Light of 
 Truth, the Do&rine of Faith, the undefil'd Article 
 of Glory f They profefs to believe the Refurrefiion 
 of the Bo-iy , as we!! as we : Will they not then be- 
 lieve, That God hath provided Pleafures fuitable to 
 the Body after its Rffiirrefliin, I mean the Bodies of 
 the Jaft ? They tell their Difciples and Profelytes, 
 doleful Stories of the P; ins of the Damned in Hell, 
 as, Eu.ning in Fire and Brimflone : Nay, the Bock of 
 the Gofpel it felf fpeaks of a Lake of Sulphur and 
 Fire. Are not the'e Torments to be inflicted on the 
 Body, which they own are prepared for the Wick- 
 ed ? And, Will they deny proportionate Pleafures to 
 the 'Bodifs- of the Jujf in Varadife ? What Ufe will 
 there be' of our Bodies after the Rrfurrefiion, if not 
 to enjoy Bodily Pleafures, or feel the Rigor of ln- 
 finte Pains ? I>oubtJefs, The 7///?fha'l be replenished 
 with all the Joys, and the Uijufi .vj\ h all the Da- 
 lours, of which their Senfes are capable. And this 
 they themfelves believe ; yet, thefe captious hfdels 
 |>ick (Quarrels with cur Holy Lawgiver, and fay, 
 That the Perntife which he promifes, is fit for none 
 but Fools or BealK 
 
 I have read in Books of Devotion, \vhich the Chri- 
 Jiians ufe, That the Blrjjid in Heaven fhall be fa- 
 tiated with all Manner of Delights. The Eye fhalh 
 always behold moft Beautiful Objefts ; the Talle 
 lhall be gratified with incredible Sweets ; the Smell; 
 fhall be pleafed with all Manner of rich Odours and 
 Perfumes, far furpafling the Arorru-.ticks of Arabia ; 
 the Ear ftiall htar fuch wonderful Mufiek, a one 
 
 only
 
 Vol.11, tf Spy at PARIS. 
 
 only Strain thereof, were fufficient to lull all the 
 Hearts of this Sublunary World afleep : In fine, 
 There fhall be none of their Senfes and Fscultie*, 
 which fhall not be tranfported and ravifhed with* 
 infinite Delights ! What is all this, but fenfual Plea- 
 fure ?. Can there be any plainer Defcription of Bo- 
 dily Enjoyments than this ? Why do they then ma- 
 licioufly traduce the Mffinger of Gcd, and refift the 
 Truth? 
 
 But they will fay, That the Pleafures which they 
 fhall enjoy after the RefurreRion, will be refined and 
 fpiritual as their Bod es mall be : Whereas they fay, 
 our Prophet intimates grofs, carnal Enjoyments ; as 
 the Company of Beautiful Women, and fuch amo- 
 rous Delights. 
 
 Certainly, They are wilfully blind, and (hut their 
 Eyes againft the Light ; or elfe they would eafily 
 fee through the Veil of Allegories and Metaphors, 
 which our divine Prophet ufes in the Alcoran to 
 adapt the Doctrine of Heavenly r f 'hings to the dull 
 Capacities of Men ,- even as all the Prothttt and 
 Apoftlti have done before him. In ' the Beck jof 
 the Gffptl, Paradife is described under the Figure Vf 
 a me it ticgnrfcent Cify, built all of Gold and pre- 
 cious clones, with a River flowing by it, and Trees 
 whofe Fruit, never., withers, nor their Leaves fade. 
 Will the ChriRialit take this in the literal Scnfe, or, 
 do they own it. to \>tK&Alhgary?- If the latter, then, 
 Why do thcy'BIafoheme the Sacred Oracles of our 
 Holy Law-giver, becaufe he defcribes the Felicities 
 of ParaJi/'t! under fenfible Figures, and Types, 
 f'ueh as are moft apt to work on the. AfFeclions of 
 Men ? 
 
 It is not to be thought, that our Enjoyment of 
 Beautiful Women in Paradife, fhall be attended 
 with the lealt of thofe Impurities which tfain it in 
 this Life. Our Fleafures fhall be agreeable to the 
 Place whither we ge, Pare and Immaculate. As we 
 
 fhall
 
 HO LETTERS /fr/J by Vol. II, 
 
 fhall there enjoy the Perfection of Beauty, without 
 the fmalleft Allay of Deformity ; fo, in our Enjoy- 
 ment, we fliall be tranfported with the Heighth of 
 Extafy, without the leaft Mixture of Pollution. 
 
 Nor fliall thefe bodily Delights fuperfede or hinder 
 Our more Spiritual-Enjoyment ; but, both Body and 
 Soul (hall be ravifhsd with eternal Felicities. 
 
 Tell me, Thou who art the Kty of the Treafures of 
 Truth, whether I am now fufficiently armed with 
 Reafons, to withftand the Cavils and Objections 
 which the Itifdth make againft our Holy Laws. I 
 have laid at thy Feet my Sentiments, fubmitting all 
 to thy unerring Wifdom ; vouchfafe to confirm what 
 I have well faid, and to correct my Errors. And, 
 in the midft of thy divine Ejaculations, glance a 
 Thought on the humbleft of thy Slaves, praying for 
 the exifd Maktnut, That he may perfevere in the true 
 Faith ; and at the End of his Life, may talle the 
 Joys of Paradije, which he zcaloufly afierts againft 
 the Infidels. 
 
 Paris, loth of the ad Moca, 
 of theYtar 1643. 
 
 LETTER IX. 
 
 Vo the Kaimacham. 
 
 WHEN I informed thee of the Siege' of Per- 
 fignan, I had not heard of the Extraor- 
 dinary Honours which were done to the Prince ef 
 Morgues during that Siege. This Prince was a 
 Subjeft of the King of Spain, and had in Pofleffion 
 the Town of Monaco. Yet, for fome Diigufts which 
 he had received from the Spaniards, he fome Years 
 ago had Thoughts of throwing himfelf upoa the Pro- 
 tection
 
 Vol. II. ^SPY^PARIS. lit 
 
 te&ion of the King of France ; but, Difficulties ari- 
 fingi it took not Effeft at that Time. However, in 
 the Year 1641, by the Dexterity of the Go--vernour of 
 Provence^ he was fo far wrought upon, tha at French 
 Garrifon was by his Connivance put into Monaco, 
 and he totally threw off his Obedience to the King of 
 Spain ; and though great Offers were made him by 
 the Cardinal of Savoy and others, yet he rejected 
 all ; and to demonftrate to King Philip, that his Soul 
 was altogether French, he fent him back the Collar 
 which was the Badge of his Knighthood, beftowed Oft 
 him in the Spanijh Court. 
 
 After which, Four Galleys of Naples cruifing on 
 the Sea before Ville Franche, one of them by the 
 Order of the Captain, failed to Monaco, not having 
 heard of the Revolt of this Place. The Prince ia- 
 vited the Captain to come afhore, and as foon as 
 he was landed, threefcore Frenchmen, who lay hid 
 in the Boat which carried the Mefiage, boarded 
 the Galley with admirable Rclblution, killing near 
 thirty Spaniards, who made Refillance, and the 
 reft yielding, the French took PoiTeffion of the 
 Veffel. 
 
 The Prince failed in this Galley to Marfeilles, with 
 his Son, who is dignified with the Title of a Mar- 
 quis ; and taking their Way through Provence and 
 Langitedoc, came to the King of France, while he lay 
 with his Army before Perpignan. 
 
 King Leivis, to whom nothing is more delightful 
 than to reward the Merits of brave Men, carefled 
 him with extraordinary Demonftrations of Affecli- 
 cn, and Acknowledgment of his Service ; fending 
 his Coaches to meet him on the Way, caufmg 
 his Army to appear in Battle Array, entertaining 
 him at his own Table, and doing all Things whicn 
 might honour the Arrival of this Prince at his Camp. 
 And, to make him amends for the Lofs of his Or- 
 der of Knighthood, he invefted him with that of tbi 
 
 Ho!y
 
 X.ETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 Holy Gboft ; which, as I have in my former Let- 
 ters told thee, is a fair Step to make one a Peer of 
 France. 
 
 I thought good to inform thee of this Paflaje, il- 
 luflrious Minifter, in whofe Power it lies, to lift up 
 to Dignities, and the great Charges of the Empire, 
 Men in whom thou perceiveit a Genius capable of 
 great Undertakings, 
 
 God direl thee in making Choice of fuch as may 
 be effe&ually ferviceable to the Grand Signior. 
 
 Paris, 1 7th of the 2d Moon, 
 of the Tear 1643. 
 
 ^ L 
 
 LETT E R X. 
 70 Achmet Beig. 
 
 IT feems as if the late Revolution in Portugal had 
 imbilter'd the Spaniards to detpair, and fwell'd 
 the Spleen of that Natisn with iniupportable Ran- 
 cour. The Lofs, which they cannot hope fairly to 
 recover by Arms, they feek to revenge by dilhonour- 
 able Aliafune and Treachery. 
 
 The Marquis de Los V'eL'K, the Spanijb Ambaffa- 
 dor at the Court of. Rome, coald not brook to fee- 
 there ah AmbafTador from the King of Portugal, 
 whom he efteeined at beft but a Subjcdt, or a Tray- 
 tor, to Philip his Mailer. He tried all Means to pre- 
 vent and hinder his Audience with the Pope, and 
 openly demanded, that he might be lent back into 
 Portugal with Diigrace. But. the Sieur< Fontenay, 
 Ambaffador from France, fupported and countenanced 
 the Portugucft: Minifter, which precipitated the Mar- 
 quis de Los Vilex, to one of the blackelt Attempt* 
 that has ever ftain'd the Records of Time. 
 
 Thou
 
 Vol. II. ' a S P Y at P A R i s. 113 
 
 Thou art not to learn that the Perfons of AmbaC- 
 fadors are by the Law of Nations efteemed Sac;-e f J t 
 their Houfes, Sanftuaries ; and whatfoever Injury 
 is offered them, is at leaft accounted a Cra// S#- 
 . crilcge. Yet, the Spanijh Ambajfador finding the 3i- 
 Jbop of Lamego (fo was the Portuguese called) pro- 
 tected and favoured by the French Intereft, refolves 
 to leap o</er the Fences which fecure the Imnau- 
 nities and Safety of his own Fun&ion, and to vio- 
 late the Law, without which, he himfelf could not 
 fleep free from Danger in his Bed. For being in- 
 formed that the Portugueze Amboffador was gone to 
 vifit the Sieur de Fontenay, he goes oat of his Hoafe 
 with a Train of about twenty Men, and covering his 
 Difign with z Pretence of going to the Houfe of an 
 eminent Cardinal, he takes the fame Way, as the 
 Portuguese Bifl;op was to return to his Houfe. But, 
 the French AmbaJJ'ador having Notice that one of the 
 Marquis's Retinue was obferved to dog the Eljhop to 
 his Palace, and return immediately to his Mailer, 
 fet fome Spies upon the Marquis de Los Velez, who 
 brought him Word, That the Marquis had ordered^, 
 all his Retinue to arm themfelves and follow him. 
 This gave a fufficient Alarm and Sufpicion to de 
 Font e nay, fo that he commanded thirty of his Ser- 
 vants to arm likewife, and follow him in feparate 
 Parties, at a Diftance from one another ; being re- 
 folved to protect the Portugueze, who was an Ally of 
 France^ and to prevent the Defign of his Enemies. 
 No fooner had the Bifliop of Lamego taken his Coach, 
 but Notice was given to the Spanijb Mimjler, who 
 immediately advances toward him, big with the Mur- 
 der he intended to commit. But, the French ap- 
 pearing, and falling brifkly upon the Spaniards, kill'd 
 feven of them in a Moment, and broke through the 
 reft, even to the very Coach of the Marquis, with 
 a Refolution to make him tafte the Death he defign'd 
 
 for
 
 Ii4 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IT. 
 
 for the poor Bijbop. But he had the Fortune to 
 efcape into the Palace of a Spatii/b Cardinal, and fa 
 fav'd himfelf. 
 
 The Spanijh Ambaffador after this, being nettled 
 at his ill Succefs, and the Favour which the Bijkop 
 of Lamego found in that Court, defigned to remove 
 to Naples ; but the Pope fet a Guard on him to 
 prevent it, till fuch Time as he had given Hoftages 
 for the Indemnity of his Nuncio's in Spain and 
 Naples. 
 
 The Neapolitan Viceroy being informed of thefe 
 Proceedings, made great Preparations ; and the Spa- 
 niards threatened to plunder and burn the City of 
 Rome. But upon more deliberate Thoughts, the 
 Viceroy made Shew of Friendlhip to the Pope, offer- 
 ing him five thoufand Soldiers to affift againft the 
 Duke of Parma, thinking by this Fraud, to gain Ad- 
 million into the Ecclejiajiick Territories, which would 
 facilitate the Way to the Satisfactions they aimed at. 
 Bat, the Pope knew how. to return the Viceroys Com- 
 pliments, without hazarding his own Eilate ; telling 
 him, That the Roman Forces were more than fuffici- 
 ent to conquer the Duke, had he any other Defigns 
 than thofe of Peace. 
 
 By this Paflage of the Spauifl Amba/ador, thou 
 may 'ft comprehend the Licentioufnefs of the Jnf- 
 dels, who dare trample upon Human and Sacred 
 Laws ; and, that in Rome itfelf, where the Supreme 
 Mufti of the Chrijliani keeps his Seat. It was never 
 known, that'fucha Thing was attempted in the/- 
 lime Port; where the Majefty and fevere Juftice of 
 the Ottoman Empire, ftrikes an Awe and Terror into 
 all People retraining the very Thoughts of fo heinous 
 a Crime. 
 
 May the Coxf,rvator of the Ages, haften the pre- 
 fixed Time, wherein the Chrijlian Nations {hall be 
 fubdued to the Mujfulman Faith ; that fo, Juftice 
 
 and
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 115 
 
 and Virtue, with perpetual Peace, may blefs the 
 Earth. 
 
 Paris, i ;th of the zd Moon, 
 of the Tear 1643. 
 
 LETTER XT. 
 
 To tbe Vizir Azem, at the Port. 
 
 I Could not let this Poft go without a Letter, tho* 
 I have nothing material to write ; however, 'tis 
 a Teftimony of my Duty, to let thee know, that 
 Mabmut is not idle, that he fufFers not an Hour, a 
 Moment, to efcape, wherein he ftudies not to do 
 feme acceptable Service to the Grand Signior, 
 
 All the Difpatches which I receive from the Port, 
 feem like black Clouds, gathering on the Margin 
 of the Horizon, the fare Harbingers of an approach- 
 ing Storm. One accufes me of neglecting the Ser- 
 vice of the Majler of the World ; another tells me, 
 I am too expenfive ; a Third fays, the Minijlers of 
 the Divan will take other Methods. They mince 
 their Expreffions; no Man will deal plainly with 
 me. They mix Threatnings with Compliments, as 
 if I were a Child, and needed the Discipline of a 
 Rattle and a Rod. Would they have me reverfe 
 the Decrees of Defiiny ? Turn Winter into Summer, 
 and change tha whole Order of Nature ? Or, is it 
 expected, That I fliould renew the Exploit of Cad- 
 mus, and caufe Earth-bfrn Armies to arife, on pur*- 
 pofe to furnifh Matter of News to the Port ? I appeal 
 to thee, fupreme Vizir, at whofe Nod the Divan is 
 aflembled or di/Tolved, whether I deferve the Cen- 
 fures that are pafs'd upon me ? No Man can accufe 
 me of betraying my Truft> or of holding any Cor- 
 
 refpondence
 
 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II 
 
 refpondence v.ith the Enemies of the JMuflulmatt 
 Empire. What is then my Crime ? Am I to, be cen- 
 demned, for employing the Money which is allotted 
 me for Subfiftence, ;o render my Minijlry snore 
 fuccefsfal ? Will they' call it, an cmbezzelling the 
 Su/fan's, Money ; when rather than hoard it up for 
 my own private Profit and Conveniencies, (as I 
 might do confiderable Sums, were I fo baiely Fru- 
 gal) I frankly part with it, to confummate the Af- 
 fair for which I am placed here r Or, is the Ottoman 
 Treafury grown low, that heretofore has lapported 
 the indigent World, and by an Excefs of* Reyat 
 Munificence, has been thrown to the riihes of the 
 Sea ? Is Mabmut alone, to be efteemed a Piouigal in 
 his prefent Expences, becaufe 'tis known thac he 
 was a Slave in Sicily, and tied down to the penu- 
 rious Stint of a rigorous Patron ? Suffer me this 
 once, Sage Mwjlcr, to vindicate my felf, and to 
 tell thee, That the Hardfhips and fqualid Circum- 
 ftances of Captivity, would not be very fuhfervient 
 to the Ends for which I am fent hi her ; neither can 
 a niggardly Penfion qualify me for the Genius of the 
 Court, in which I mutt be daily convsrfant, where 
 all Things appear Gay and Polite. It has not been 
 my Cuftom to complain without a Caufe, neither do 
 I love to grate my Superiors, with whining Remon- 
 ftrances : But it is my humble Requeft, That the Mi- 
 mflers of the Di-van would confider me, not as a 
 l)rudge to a private Man in Palermo, but as the 
 Indefatigable Slave of the moft Opulent and Liberal 
 Monarch in the World. 
 
 In all thefe Things, I contraft my felf into a moft 
 fubmifs Refignation to thy Will, who art the Vice- 
 gerent of the Empire, founded on the Rock of Dejli- 
 fiy ; befeeching thee to prote& me from the Malice of 
 Whifperers, who envy me, becaafe I ferve the Sove- 
 reign of Sovereigns, Lord of the Eaft, and of the Wejl, 
 and all that is between them. 
 
 May
 
 Vol. II. a S P Y at P A R i s. 117 
 
 May the Eternal Pofieflbr of all Felicity, cull out 
 of his immenfe Treasures, fuch Bleffings as thoumoft 
 ardently defireft in this Life ; and, when he has led 
 thee through all the Apartments of human Blifs on, 
 Earth, may he translate thee to the Palaces of Eden, 
 the Seats of an immarcefcible Life, where new Sources 
 of Joy are opea'd without End. 
 
 Paris, 26th of the zd Moon, 
 of thvYear 1643. 
 
 LETTER XII. 
 To Murat BafTa, 
 
 TH E Floods have been fo great, and thofe al- 
 fo congealed into Ice, that there has been no 
 travelling by ibme Roads for thefe two Moons ; which 
 is the Reafon, we have been wanting in our ufual Ad- 
 vices from Germany, Piedmont, the Valtoline, and 
 other Parts. 
 
 Yet now, the Ports bring a Glut of News to this 
 City. Friburgb, a Town in the Parts of Saxony, is 
 at this Time befieged by Torjlenfon, General of the 
 Snvedi/h Army. He inverted it the Eleventh of the 
 Firft Moon. And, People are amazed, to hear, that 
 it has held out to this Time, being a Place of no 
 great Strength : Efpecially, confidering how foon 
 Leip/ick furrender'd to the fame Forces; a Town well 
 fortified, and ftored with all Things neceflary to fuf- ' 
 tain a long Siege. By this thou may 'ft obferve, how 
 much the Fortune of War many Times depends on 
 ene fuccefbful Battle. 
 
 When Torftenfon firft lay down before^Lr'/yfr^, it 
 Ws generally believed, he would find a ftout Re- 
 
 fiftance-
 
 nS LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 fiftance from the Inhabitants, and on inflexible Re- 
 folution in the Garrifon, not to yield that important 
 Place : And, perhaps they would not have been 
 miftaken, had not the Imperialiftr (out of a Gene- 
 rous Defign to relieve it, and raife the Siege) ha- 
 zarded a Battle. The Arch- Duke of Aujlria (whofe 
 Name is Leopold) and Picolomini, as foon as they 
 received Advice that the &*widijb Army had patted 
 the /*, and entered into Mifnia, took their direft- 
 cft Way to ilop their Advance into thofe Parts. 
 But, it had been better had they kept their Quar- 
 ters ; for in one Battle they loft all the Glory 
 which they had before acquired with their Arms. 
 Torflenfcn was already intrenched before Ldpji<k^ 
 when his Scouts brought him Intelligence, That the 
 Imperial Army was near at Hand. He immediately 
 dtfpofes of his Baggage in a fecure Place, draws 
 out his Cannon, and having left a fufficient Number 
 of Soldiers to guard the Polls of his Camp, which 
 were neareft the City, he marches directly toward 
 the Enemy, and pofiefles himfelf of a Spot of Ground 
 very agreeable to his Occafions ; it was called the 
 Plain of Britterfield. This Place he defigned for 
 the Stage, whereon to perform the Part of a pru- 
 dent and valiant General. For, as foon as he came 
 in Sight of the German Var.guard, he caufed kis 
 Army to retreat faintly, as though he had no 
 Intention to fight. The Germans purfue the re- 
 treating Swedes, till they were got into very nar- 
 row Streights between two tteep Mountains ; not 
 much unjike the Capi Der-vctit in Bulgaria (where 
 the Heydukei, taking the Advantage of the Heighths, 
 commit great Robberies on the Caravans that tra- 
 vel through thofe Streighti, rolling huge Stones, 
 or rather Rocks, down upon the Patten gers.) Here 
 the Swedet turned about, and falling behind their 
 Cannon, which Torjienfon had caufed to be planted 
 in thefe Str eights, play'd furioufly on the Germans, 
 
 while
 
 Vol.11. aSpvat PARIS. i f 
 
 while the Mufqueteers which he had ordered on the 
 Sides of the Mountains, gall'd them from above, 
 jet lay themfelves invisible under the Covert of 
 Thickets, which grew on each Side of the Streights. 
 It was the Left Wing of the Imperialist which was 
 thus engaged, and Picolomini who commanded them, 
 gave admirable Proofs of an undaunted Courage, 
 appearing at the Head of his furprized Soldiers, 
 and heartning them with Words and Aclions full 
 of Bravery ; but, his Labour was loft, for fix thou- 
 fand fled without drawing a Sword. The Swedes 
 purfued them through the Streigbts, and re-entring 
 the Pluin, engaged with the Right Wing of theG^r- 
 mans. The Battle was fierce and bloody. General 
 Picolomini did Wonders, and many brave Germans 
 fignaliz'd their Valour; but, it feems as if the Fate 
 of Torftenfon is to ruin the Empire : For-, while the 
 Battle was yet equal on both Sides, and the Vidory 
 doubtful j while the Ground was dyed with a Mix- 
 ture of Get man and S-iuedi/b Blood, he falls into 
 the main Body of the Imperial Army, with a frefli 
 Referve, which fo animated the Swedes, and difor- 
 der'd their Enemies, that at length the Germans, not 
 able longer to fuftain the Shock, left their Cannon, 
 and retreated into a Foreji. Now followed a dread- 
 ful Slaughter j for the Swedijh Cavalry environ 'd 
 the chas'd Germans, whom Caningfmark had hunted 
 out of the Foreji, and charg'd them with fueh Fury, 
 that they were moft of them cut in Pieces. The 
 Germans loft Four Thoufand Men on the Spot, and 
 'as manf more in the Purfuit. 
 
 I have fent thee in the inclofed Paper, a Lift of all 
 the Officers of Note which were flain in tkis Battle, 
 whioh is efteemed one of the moil bloody that has 
 been fought in Europe, between Cbrifiiant on both 
 Sides, thefe Two Hundred Years. Thou wilt there 
 find aboveThree Hundred Commanders, from whom 
 a JDeath, not inglorious, has taksn their Comrtti/ions. 
 
 The
 
 LETTERS Writ ly Vol. If. 
 
 The Gt rmans alfo loft forty fix Pieces of Canr.ott\ 
 ftxty five Standards, all their ^ mmur.it i on > an hun- 
 dred and fixty Carts, and fix hundred Waggons ; with 
 all the Tresfury of the Arch-duke Lecpald, and Gene- 
 ral Picolomir.i. 
 
 < This Battle was fought on the Firft of the Eleventh 
 Moon, as we reckon ; but, according to the Cbrijli- 
 cnt Account, on the twenty-firft cf the tenth Moon. 
 
 After this fignrl Victory, General 'Torjlenfon (hewed 
 himfelf again before Lcipjick, approached the Walls, 
 planted his Batteries ; and though the Befieged at 
 firft rnac^e Shew of a firm Refolution to defend the 
 Place, yet the Terror which the late Defeat of the 
 German Forces had ftruck them with, foon altered 
 their Counfels, and they furrendered upon honour- 
 able Conditions. 
 
 In the mean Time, General PicoJominl and the 
 Arch'duke of Auftiia, are retired into Bohemia. The 
 German Court is full of Apprehenfions, and new Le- 
 vies are every where making, to join the matter'd 
 Remnants of the Army. The Affairs of the King 
 cf Hungary are at an ill Pafs, and all Things look 
 with a cloudy Afpeft on the Empire. 
 
 From the vSide of Italy we hear nothing of Mo- 
 ment, but the Spaniards are taking fuch Meafures, as 
 may belt repair the Lofs of Tortona : And to that 
 End, the Dtke of Milan is making all the Prepara- 
 tions which are cuftomary in fucb Cafes. 'Tis faid 
 here, they intend to recover that Place again. 
 . May thefe Quarrels of the Infidels continue, till the 
 determinate Time fhall come, that our ^tfiorious Ar 
 r/V/ftiall fubdue them to the Mujjulman Empire* 
 
 Paris, jth of the $& 
 
 of the Year 1643. 
 
 LETTER
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 12 E 
 LETTER XIII. 
 
 fa the Kaimacham. 
 
 WH E N I fent thee Word of the Death of 
 Cardinal Ricblieu, I thought it the fame 
 Thing as if I had prefented thee with the Head of 
 one of the moil dangerous Enemies of the Ottoman 
 Empire. That Head, which while the Owner liv'd, 
 was always plotting of Mifchief, had it not been 
 diverted by nearer Intrigues, would not have fail'd 
 to put/ome horrid Defign in Execution agJnft the 
 Sublime Port, which, of all the Thrones in the 
 World, feems alone to o'er-top the Grandeur of 
 France. 
 
 Eut this Court feems to play the Hydra ; for no 
 fooner is the Head of one of her Prime Minifters 
 laid, but up fprings another in the Room of it, e- 
 qual in Vigour and Subtilty. And we have ftill as 
 much Reafon to apprehend the Coimfels of Cardinal 
 Mazarinr, as before we had to fufpeft thofe of 
 Richlicu. 
 
 The General itjr of the People at fir ft looked for 
 another Conduft in the King towards the Creatures 
 of the late Minijh-r ; fmce he himfelf, toward the 
 latter End of his Life, feem'd to fubfift in the Court 
 rather through the Neceffity the King had of his 
 Counfels, than any Motive of AfFe&ion. 
 
 However, the King has exactly complied with the 
 Cardinal"* dying Requefts, in honouring feveral of 
 his Relations and Friends with Places of confide- 
 rable Truft. And 'tis to his laft Recommendation 
 Cardinal Mazarir.i is obliged for the Authority he 
 now pofTefies. In ufisig of which he difcovers a 
 refined Policy, and a Model!/ which hath but few 
 Examples. 
 
 G . The
 
 122 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 The many Combinations and Attempts againft 
 Cardinal Ricklisu, and the King's Coldnefs to him 
 during the Siege of Perpignan, fufnciently inftrucl- 
 ed Mazarini, That it was impoflible to poftefs fo 
 eminent a Charge, without drawing on him the En- 
 vy and Hatred of the Grandees. He confider'd al- 
 fo, that he was a Stranger, whereas Rlchliut was a 
 Native of France. Therefore he unites his Intereft 
 with that of two great Officers, who alfo courted 
 the King's Favour ; the one is Superintendent of the 
 Fina-nce<> the other Secretary of St&tz. Thefe be- 
 ing longer acquainted with the nice Tnmfa&ions of 
 the Court, and the Intrigues of the Grandees, do 
 him no fmaH Service with their Inflrudions, and 
 likewife abate the popular Spite, or, at leaft, (hare 
 it with the Cardinal ; lince no body vviil be fo par- 
 tial, as to lay the Blame of any Mifcarriage on him 
 alone, who feems to do nothing without the Dire- 
 ftion of his two Partners (for fo he calls them, as 
 if thefe three fhared among them the Authority 
 of the defunft Cardinal.) 1 his is a pure Trick of 
 Mazarini ; and he ferves himfelf of them as \ve ufe 
 a Ladder, defigning by their Means to mount by 
 fafer Step?, and en their Shoulders to lift himfelf 
 un envied to the Helm of the State. Not but that 
 he is actually invtfted with the Primacy by the King ; 
 but he is willing to divert the Storm which that 
 will draw upon him from the Nobles ; therefore, he 
 cunningly feems to decline it, pretending an earnefl 
 Defire to withdraw into Italy ; and, in' the Interim, 
 has chofcn thefe two for his Collegues. Thus he 
 grafps with one Hand, what with the other he feems 
 to rejeft ; and by his magnificent Living, his ob- 
 fequioas Court, and obliging Carriage to all, he 
 demonftra'es, That if he ihojld pafs the Alps, his 
 Heart would be left behind him in France, and that 
 he only aims to be eltabiilhed in the Mbiftry with 
 Applaufc. 
 
 It
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 123 
 
 It makes me fmile fometimes, to fee what Pains he 
 takes to entangle himfelf in infinite Hazards and Trou- 
 ble, as if he were of a Conftitution like that of a 
 Salamander, \vhich cannot live out of a Fire. 
 
 The great God increafe the Virtaes and Graces of 
 the illultrious Kc-irnacbam, and of all the Minitiers 
 that Hand by the bright Throne of Juftice, the Seat 
 of the Ottoman Empire. 
 
 Paris, zcth of the 4th Mom, 
 of the Year 1643. 
 
 LETTER XIV. 
 
 To the Veuer.ible Mufti, Prince of the In- 
 terpreters of the Law, and Judges of 
 Equity. 
 
 A Cloud of Sorrow o'er-fpreads the Kingdom of 
 Trance ; their Sun is iet ; the mighty Lew's, 
 for whom all Europe had been too narrow, had he 
 liv'd, is now confined within the Limits of a Grave. 
 He died at St. Germain Yelterdpy, being the four- 
 teenth of the fifth Moon ; having left bis Q^een pof- 
 fefs'd of the Regency, and Cardinal Muxarini of the 
 prime Conduct of the State. 
 
 He" was a Prince of great Virtue, which with his 
 fuccefsful Conquefts and Victories procured him 
 the Envy ctf his Neighbours. And ibrne Criticks 
 among his own Subjects, pretend to find many 
 Faults in his Proceedings ; as Breach of Royal 
 Proraife to the Governer of Saitmer, when he deli- 
 vcr'd him the Key> of the Town; to the Rr- 
 in not razing Lewis's Fort. Among Foreigners, the 
 Dakc of Sitvoy, the Duke of Lort-:in, and the Gcr- 
 vuin Emperor, charge him with Breach of Articles, 
 G 2
 
 1 24 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 in his Treaties. So does the King of Spain. And 
 all of them complain, That he alone has involv'd all 
 Cbrijlendom in War and Blood. 
 
 Every Thing has two Handles, and Men are apt to 
 take all Things by the worft, efpecially in Cafes of 
 this Nature. It is difficult for a Sovereign Monarch 
 to carry himfelf fo evenly in Peace or War, as to 
 efcape Obloquy, efpecially if he be victorious. Lofers 
 muft have leave to be peevifh. 
 
 But I forget that I ipeak to him who can reveal 
 the Sentences of G reateft Monarch; ; before whofe 
 unerring Tribunal all earthly Dignities fland mute. 
 Therefore, avoiding all impertinent GlofTes, I will 
 only prefent thee with what is proper to be faid 
 without Partiality in Lewis's Vindication, being 
 Matter of Faft, and leave the Decifion to thy Sacred 
 Judgment. 
 
 Herein it will not be amifs to call to Mind, how 
 the Kings of Spain, and the whole Houfe of Aajlria, 
 have invaded and diflurb'd the Peace oft Europe, from 
 time to time, thefe many Years. 
 
 The Usurpation of Navarre by Ferdinand King of 
 Arragon, began the fatal Jarr, when he depofed 
 John of Albert, and Catharine his Queen, though he 
 himfelf had no ether Title to this Kingdom, than 
 what the Swords of the Arragonians and Cajiilians 
 gave him ; being of Pyrrbus and Lyfander* Mind, 
 who knew no other Limits to their Dominions, than 
 what their Enemies ftout Refiftance fet them. 
 Thus Navarre being adjacent to old Cajlile, S if cay, 
 and Galicia, it became a Prey to Spain. ^Add to 
 this, his Breach of Royal Word to Catherine de Mt- 
 dicis (Queen Mother of Trance,) to Don Antonio 
 the next Heir of Portugal, the Duke of Savoy and 
 Parma, and Catherine Dutchefs of Braganza ; that 
 he would acquiefe to the Chamber of Lijlon, in the 
 Cafe of Succeffion to the Country of Portugal; when 
 contrary to all Law and Juijice, he invaded that 
 
 Kingdom
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS* 125 
 
 Kingdom unawares> making it a Tributary Province 
 to the Spanijh Crown. 
 
 It has been the ufual Methods of politick and wife 
 Princes, to check the Torrent of their Neighbours 
 growing Grcatnefs, to lop the luxuriant Branches of 
 ill-gotten Empire; and had Henry IV. of France fro- 
 long'd his Life, 'tis thought he would have conquer'd 
 Navarre, and planted the Flower -de-Luces in Fonta- 
 rabia and Pampelone. Who then can with Juftice 
 tax Leuis XIII for-managing a Wai-, which all the 
 World expeded of his Father ? 
 
 Moreover, the Spanijh Methods in conquering 
 Mexico and Peru, two mighty Empires in America ; 
 their barbarous Cruelty, their inhuman Butchery of 
 above twenty Millions of their Natives, when neither 
 Dignity, nor Age, nor Sex was fpar'd, but all became 
 a Sacrifice to their infatiable Avarice of Gold, was a 
 fufficient Argument to incenfe all the Princes in the 
 World aga'nft them. 
 
 I have no Intereft in France, any more than I 
 fhould have in Spain, if I were there : I only plead 
 for Juftice. 
 
 'Twas Time for France to be alarm'd and fland 
 upon her Guard, when ftie faw her potent Neigh- 
 bour planting frefti Alliances and Interefts, like 
 Batteries round about her. Had the Danger only 
 threaten'd from beyond the Pyrenean Mountains, die 
 might have waited their Defigns. But when ihe 
 faw fo many Powers and States united in clofe 
 Leagues, and wholly fubjecl to Spain, 'twas Tirre 
 to beat the Drum, and carry the War from Home ; 
 'twas Time to climb the Alps, and take a Survey f 
 Spanijh Italy ; for, the Kingdom of Naples, the Dut- 
 chy of Milan, and the Ifland of Sicily, the Dukes of 
 Mantua, Parma, and Urfan, the Princes of MaJJa 
 and Piombino, with the Free States of Geneva and 
 Luca, did then all march under the Banner of Spain. 
 So that none but the Great Duke of Tufcany, with 
 G 3 the
 
 125 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IF. 
 
 the Rcpublick of Venice, were left to withftand his 
 threatning Arms. Who will now blame King Lttv- 
 ts, for drawing into his Confederacy the Hollanders, 
 licjJiaKs, G'i/ovs, and the Sfit.-(ctf-s r Kow could he 
 otherwiie difiblve that formidable Union afore- 
 faid ? 
 
 Befides, the Murders of Henry III and Henry IV. 
 the one kill'd at St. Clou, by James Clement, the other 
 at Paris, by Ra*viUac, were fo apparently hatch'd 
 and committed by Spa^i/b Counfel and Influence, 
 that had Lena-is, the late King, no other Reafons to 
 fland upon his Guard, and obferve the Motions -of 
 Spain, yet that were enough to juitify hi: warlike 
 Preparations Egaipf: that Crown. For, be fides the 
 Motives of a j.:ll Revenge, t e common Jealoufies 
 of Sta:e muft needs prompt him to do his utmofl in 
 Prevention of Spatty* Intrigues. 
 
 No ought his matching with the I/if<*nta to 
 have given him any greater Security j fince, under 
 the faireft Grcfs, many tiir.es lurks the molt veno- 
 mous Snake What Spain could not do by open 
 Force, nor fecict Conspiracy, fhe heped might be 
 accompli (h'd by this fotcicus Marriage. And it was 
 no fmall Step towards it, that the numerous Train 
 of Spaniard!) which came into Fraxce, with the /*- 
 fottia, prefently fcrewtd themfelves into all Offices 
 and Plac-s of Truft ls:h in Church and Staff ; dai- 
 ly making Parties 'ui Penfionerb for Sfain, till at 
 }t ngth all France grew weary of them j fo that the 
 King was conflraiucd to fend them home gain : 
 Elfe it is more than probable, that in a little Time 
 he might have focn tnis fioitrifiung Kingdom in a . 
 worfe Condition than ever had been known before. 
 Hs has already feen the Bowels of France ript up, 
 by inteftinc Broils, and weltrir.g in its own Blood ; 
 he has feen the Princes and .Nobles armed againft 
 him, debauching ar.d alienating the Allegiance of 
 
 the
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 127 
 
 The French Gentry, Clergy, and Cc:t;tnons, and cover- 
 ing their pernicious Rebellion under tbe Mafk of 
 the Holy Luigue. He has feen the Duke of Rohan 
 leading up and down an Army of twelve thoufand 
 Foot, and twelve hundred Horfe, at the King of 
 Spain's Cofl ; he himfelf with his Brother Scufazc, 
 being bo:h Penfioners to the King of Spain, the 
 one receiving fourteen, the ether eight thoufand 
 Crowns a Year. Jn fine, he has feen the ftrongeft 
 Cities and Forts of Picardy, Normandy, and other 
 Provinces of France, plunder 'd and pillaged by fly- 
 ing Armies of Spaniards and Imperialist, even when 
 he leafl dreara'd of any fuch Misfortune, being at 
 the fame Time involved in Civil Wars with his own 
 Subject. After all this, had he not Reafoa to pre- 
 vent the like Mifchiefs and Incurfions for the future, 
 by tranfporting die War into his Enemies Coun- 
 tries, who hai committed fo many fcfoftilities and 
 Ravages iu his ? It was certainly high Time for 
 France to rouze up her martial Genius, and leave off 
 her dreaming Ibcory, when Spain was fo bafy with 
 the Pra3ick. 
 
 Thefe are the Arguments that may be alledged 
 in Vindication of the King of France's Condad to- 
 wards Spain. And not much lefs is to be recrimi- 
 nated upon the Emperor of Germxty, in feizing 
 the Dutchy of Ckves and Julierj, with many Towns 
 and Biihopricks in the Counties of Luxemburg^ and 
 Le Mure; as alio, in the Frontiers of Swiflerland 
 and Ljrrain. His Conqueft of the Palatinate, with 
 the chiefeit Cities, Forte, and Pafies of the Gri- 
 fons ; his reducing the Lives and Liberties of that 
 feople to their laft Gafp and Peiiod, was a fuf- 
 fcient Motive to the French King, to put a fpeedy 
 Check to this increafmg Grandeur of the. llcufe of 
 Avftria. 
 
 G 4 Heave
 
 1 28 L E T T E R~S Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 I leave the Determination of thefe Matters to thy 
 fage Wifdom, great Arbiter of Juflice, and bowing 
 my Head to die Duft, awfully retire. 
 
 Paris, 1 5th of tke $th Moon, 
 of the Tear 1643. 
 
 LETTER XV. 
 
 fo the Reis Effendi, Principal Secretary 
 of State. 
 
 THree Days ago, Lcnuis XIII. King of France 
 and Navarre, was arrelted by the King of 
 Terrors, and forc'd to pay the Grand Debt to Ged'and 
 Nature ; I will not fay* before it was due, but fooner 
 than the accuftom'd Time of Payment, being Eot full 
 Forty three Years old. 
 
 Yet Heaven was fo indulgent, as not to fuffcr the 
 Grim MfJJenger of Fate to fnatch him hence without 
 a previous Summons ; his Diftemper being a lingring 
 Confumption, which gave him frequent intimations 
 of his fading Strength. 
 
 There are not wanting fuch as whifper, That he 
 was hurried out of the World before his Time, by 
 fome unnatural Artifice. And the common Sort fay, 
 That Mazarines Scarlet looks of a more Sanguine 
 Hue, than it did four Days ago. , 
 
 The Reafon of this Jealoufy, I fuppofe, is ground- 
 ed on the Familiarity that has been obferved be- 
 tween the now ^ueen-Regent and the Cardinal; both 
 alfo being Strangers to the French Blood ; me a 
 Spaniard, and he an Italian. I will not determine 
 how far thefe Reflections are juftifiable, becaufe I 
 know it ii impoffible for Perfons in their Circum- 
 ftances to avoid the Cenfure of bufy prying Minds,
 
 Vol. IT. a SPY at PARIS. 129 
 
 in fuch a Juncture as this ; Yet fome, who move in 
 a Sphere above the Vulgar, cannot forget by whofe 
 Inftigation his Roya4 Father, Henry the Great, was 
 fent out of the World. 
 
 The known familiar Accefs which the Marquis 
 Spinola gave to Ra<vaillac at Bruflels, the private En- 
 tertainments between them a little before that Mur- 
 derer gave the fatal Blow, together with more Cir- 
 cumftances, amounted to move than a ftong Pre- 
 fumption with the French, that Spain was the princi- 
 pal Author of that Tragedy. 
 
 And the fudden Exclamation of Francifco Cor- 
 vini, an Italian /ftrolsger, the Night before the 
 King was kill'd, made iome Men caft an Eye of 
 Sufpicion beyond the Alps. For he Handing no 
 the Leads of his Houfe in Florence, as though he 
 were obferving the Stars, on a fudden ftamp'd with, 
 his Foot, and faid, To-morrow the moft potent Mo- 
 narch of Europe ivill be ki:Td. But fome curious 
 Heads imagine he had his Intelligence nearer hand 
 than from the Heavens, and that rather fome of 
 the great Italian Stars had made him thus Prephe- 
 tick. 
 
 Hence by comparing thefe Times with thofe, the 
 prefent Regency of a Spaniard, and Supertendency 
 of an &7&ro, creates a like Sufpicion in the French, 
 concerning the Death of Lewis XIII. who, tho' he 
 died in his Bed, yet might as- well be murder'd by a 
 Drug, as his Father was by a Knife. 
 
 Thefe are thefecret Surmizes of Cabals, not a lit- 
 tle heightened by reflecting on the Time of bo:h their 
 Deaths ; both dying in tne fame Month, the fame 
 Day of the Month, and much about the fame Hour 
 of the Day. 
 
 Yet, notwithflaning thefe Murmurs, when his 
 
 Body was open'd, and his Entrails taken out and 
 
 fearch'd, the Phyficians gave their Sentence, That 
 
 he died a natural Death. His Bowels are carried 
 
 G 5 tp
 
 13 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 to St. Denn'-s, a Town above three Leagues from Pa- 
 ris, there to be buried j and his Body is embalmed. 
 in order to its Sepulchre in the fame Place ; there be- 
 ing a magnificent Chcrch, where all the Royal Blood 
 of France is commonly inrerr'd. 
 
 Yefterday I was in 'Company with one of his Phy- 
 ficians ; and entring into Difcourfe of the King's 
 Death (the common Theme of all Companies at pre- 
 ient) he told us, that the King's Wailing and Death 
 proceeded from the Difproportion of his Moiftare to 
 his Heat, the latter being predominant in his Con- 
 ftitution ; fo that not meeting with a fufikient Check 
 from natural Humidity, it kindled conflant Fevers 
 in Irs Body, which never left him till he left the 
 Woria, 
 
 He was a very devout T/an in his Religion, and 
 free from Vice, at leaft to outward Obfervation. 
 A remarkable Inftance of his Piety he gave j n hj s 
 Youth ; when entring a certain Country* Village, 
 the better Sort of Inhabitants ofFer'd to attend him 
 with a Canopy ; he anfwer'd, / hear you ha<ve no 
 Church Icre, neither will I fuffcr a Campy of State 
 to he torr.e QQtr my Head in that Place <vcb<.re God 
 hath not a ccnficruted Roof to dwell under. (For 
 thefe Naxannes believe that God dwells in their 
 Temples.) 
 
 He was temperate to a Miracle, in the midft of 
 Royal Dainties ; not fuffering his Palate to betray 
 hi, Virtue. He fcorn'd ihofe P'eafares which de- 
 bafc the Mind : And took more Delight in the 
 Noife of Drums and Trumpets, and the Roaring 
 of Cannon, than in the foft Blandiihments of Love. 
 He was adorned with many other Virtues, which.. 
 gained him the Love of all, and more efpecially the 
 favour of Heaven. Yet, after all his Victories, Suc- 
 * cefles and Triumphs, all that can row be faid of him 
 is, He is dcc.d. Thus pa/Tes a\tay the Glory of the 
 createft Potentates. 
 
 God
 
 Vol.11. 4 SpY^tff PARI . 151 
 
 God preferve oar invincible Sultan, ever Glorious, 
 Prosperous, Renowned, and immortal. 
 
 Paris, lyth of the 5th Lhon, 
 of the Tear 1643. 
 
 LETTER XVI. 
 
 To the Kaimachara. 
 
 I Am plac'd as an Eccho in Paris, to remit to the 
 Ottoman Part, the Sanduary of the World, what- 
 foever makes a Noife in 'Chriftendom. I have fent a 
 Difpatch to the Venerable Mufti, as alfo to the Prin- 
 cipal Secretary of State, containing the News of 
 the Death of Lewis XIII. King of France and Na- 
 irarre. 
 
 I need not repeat here what I have faid to them ; 
 becaufe I know they will communicate to thee rry 
 Letters. 
 
 Yet fuffer me to fay fomething of this great MJ- 
 narcb, who, had his Nature been more durable, would 
 in all Probability have exceeded all his Royal Pro- ' 
 genitors, both in his Conquefts Abroad, and his ab- 
 folme Sway at Home : Of which he gave an early- 
 Prefage, appearing at the Head of Armies, at thoit- 
 Years when other Princes arc but learning the Rudi- 
 ments of War in the Academy. 
 
 When he was little more than twelve Years of Ag% 
 he began to difcover his Valour and Conduct, in iub- 
 duing the Rebels of P-oiftou and Eretagne, leading an 
 Army again!* them in his own Perfon. 
 
 Yet that Succefs did not difcourage others of 
 
 his Subjects from attempting frefh Infurreilions 
 
 againft him. Fate decreed that he fhould gather 
 
 the Laurels which compofed his Crown from a- 
 
 G 6 mongft
 
 131 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IF. 
 
 mongft Briars and Thorns ; his whole Life being one 
 con .nued Series of War, either at Home or Abroad, 
 and io.iit'.':i c-s both. 
 
 But. T nat which moft exercis'd his Patience, was 
 
 *hf frequent It;tijiine Broils and Infurre&ions of 
 
 \\ u S'il jecls, of which hefaw no lefs than Ten 
 
 his Reign, fome of them headed and abet- 
 
 c . .;_, ::; p. irfis of the Blocd: Nay, as if Heaven 
 
 had cut him out for the Toils of War, when all 
 
 Things elfe were in a Poflure of Peace, his own 
 
 Mother, and Mwficur his Brother, feveral Times 
 
 call'd him into the Field, by taking up Arms againil 
 
 him. 
 
 When Vidory had erefted Olelijks, and other Mo- 
 numents of Honour t9 him in Italy and Sp^in, and 
 had cut triumphal Arches through the Alps and Py- 
 rene&n Mountains for the Conqueror's Return ; when 
 he had made the Rhine to flow with German Blood, 
 and had every -where, both by Sea and Land, left 
 Token of his matchlefs Fortune j coming to his own 
 Country, inflead of Trophies and Honours to wel- 
 come home their Sovereign, his Ears were always 
 grated with the unwelcome News of Civil Wars in 
 his own Kingdom. 
 
 Yet he that confiders, need not wonder at thefe 
 Convulfions of the State of France, or any other 
 Kingdom fo Populous as that is. In the Oeco&omy 
 of the Unimerfe, tho' it be governed by sn Eternal 
 Providence, which cannot err, yet we fee the Elements 
 at War with eueh ether, and that perpetually ; and 
 out of this refllefs Strife and Quarrel arifes ,that 
 Health and good Conftitution of the Natural World. 
 So is it in the Political World : No Kingdom or Com- 
 motpweahh can fubfift without Purgations of her pec - 
 cant and fuperfluous Humours ; which War effects, 
 as the moft appropriate and natural Remedy in fuch 
 Cafes. 
 
 Neither
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 133 
 
 Neither had Lewis any great Reafon to be angry 
 at thefe Diforders, fince, through his prudent Ma- 
 nagement they furniih'd him both with the Oppor- 
 tunity and Means to reduce this Kingdom to an en- 
 tire Obedience, which his Predecejjbrs could ne- 
 ver accomplim. Thus, they fay, the Palm, the 
 more it is opprefied with Weights, moots up the 
 higher. 
 
 Kingdoms and Empires, like natural BoJifs, have 
 their proper Time of Growth ; and the Genius of 
 each Nation ftimulates it with a ftrong Defire and 
 Appetite of enlarging its Dominions, which it never 
 ceafes to'purfue, till it be arrived to the Meridian aud 
 Height of Grandeur ; though it be often interrupted 
 and retarded in its Courfe to Maturity, by State- 
 Fevers and other Maladies, 
 
 Thus France, during the Non-age of her growing 
 State, felt various Shocks and Fits ; often threat- 
 ned with a Diffolution by the high-wrought Blood 
 of potent Factions Yet, in her Conftitution, me 
 had Antidotes, as well as Poifon : And her wife 
 Kings had Skill to check and curb a popular Dif- 
 cafe. But none e'er rooted out the Caufe, 'till this 
 
 freat Lewis took the cure in hand. He has awa- 
 en'd all the vital Powers of State, and rouzed the 
 very Soul of Government. 'Tis he alone has cruftied 
 the laft Head of that fa&ious Hydra, which for fo 
 many Reigns had exercifed the Arms of his Royal 
 Jncfffori, 
 
 Woulfl thou know by what Methods he has 
 accomplimed this great Work ; I till thee in a 
 Word ; by Rigor and Severity. He fleeced the 
 rich Plebciant of their Gold, and kept the Poor in 
 that Condition, by continual Taxes and Impofi- 
 tions. 
 
 Yet he was a Prince of that admirable Temper 
 in his Government, that he acquired the Epithet of 
 
 7*/. 
 
 His
 
 134 LETTERS Writ by Vol. H. 
 
 His Queen is now Regent, according to the Law of 
 France, the Dauphin being but four Years of Age. 
 
 The Sovereign Arbiter of Fate, grant to the glo- 
 rious Sultan Victory over all his Enemies, that fo 
 thefe Weflern Nations, when their Courfe is run, 
 may be fubdued to the facred Empire of the true 
 Belieijers. 
 
 Paris, 1 7th of the th Moon, 
 of -the Tear 1643. 
 
 LETTER XVII. 
 
 70 the Venerable Mufti, Snccejjbr of the 
 Prophets and Meffengers oj God. 
 
 TH Y laft Letter has confirmed the Effefts of 
 the former, and given me a frefh Teftimony 
 cf thy paternal Affection and Friendlhip. It is an 
 evident Sign that thou take^l Care of poor Mbbtaut t 
 when with an Authority full of Tendernefs, thou re- 
 proveft his Faults, without leaving him Occaficn to 
 defpair. Such Rcprehenfions are a Sovereign Eaim 
 to a wounded Spirit; and I hope after an Application 
 fweeten'd with fo much Clemency, I fhall never do 
 any Thing which may merit, or need the Difcipline 
 requifite to a Gangrene. 
 
 If I was negligent in performing the Penance thou 
 before enjoinedft me, I will row endeavour to make 
 Reparation. If the Account I gave thee of the 
 Religion of thefe Wtftern Parts was too fuperficial 
 and brief, I will now enlarge, and prde-it thee 
 with the chief Cbfervaciom and Remarks I have 
 made during my Rcfldence here, and my Captivity 
 in Palermo. 
 
 I need
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 
 
 I need not acquaint thee with that which caufes 
 the greateft Rupture between the Roman and Greek 
 Churches ; Cyril the Patriarch has faid enough to 
 thee on that Subject. Thou kno-.veir, that ~the 
 grand Quarrel between them is about the Supremacy 
 which the Reman Prelate claims over all the Churches 
 in the World, by a Divine Right. But neither 
 Cyril, nor the Friars of Jervfalem, with whom he 
 contefted, would inform thee, That this Supremacy, 
 where- ever it refides, is only founded in Right of 
 the Empire. They v/ould make thee believe that 
 the Cbrijllan Bifiops were from the Beginning, So- 
 cvireigtii, efiablimed by God, Princes independent 
 of the Imperial Sceptre ; concealing, that the firft 
 Founders of their pretended Monarchy were poor 
 Fifhermen, who never dream'd of fuch a Gran- 
 deur, as their Succeflbrs were afterwards inverted 
 with, by the Liberality of the Roman and Grecian 
 Emperors. It would be a Reproach to them-, 
 felves, if they fhould let thee know, how holy and 
 harmlels were the firft Patriarchs of Byzantium and 
 Rome, who refufed the Honours and Dignities of th- 
 World, and were only ambitious of excelling one 
 another in Virtue and a pious I/'fe. Their very Ad- 
 drefTes to thee are a Contraction to the Examples 
 of their Predeceflbrs, each Party offering Treafures 
 of Gold, thinking to bribe the incorruptible Judge 
 with the glittering Dirt. AfT:redly the Seeds of an 
 irreconci'leable Difcord are fown in thefe Infidels ; 
 they are fettled upon the Lees of Error, till the Day 
 of Judgment. 
 
 As to the State of Controverfy between them, it 
 is certain, That while Rome was the Capital Seat of 
 the Empire, the Roman Bifhops had the Superiority 
 granted them ; bat when tne Imperial Rifidcnce 
 was translated from thence to Byzc.ntium by Can- 
 Jiar.tine f/jc' Grr>:t, ( from whom it derives the Name 
 it now bears of Coxftaxtixopft). then the Ecdsfiajli- 
 
 cal
 
 136 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 cal Supremacy was alfo transferred to the Patriarch 
 of that City, who enjoys it to this Day ; through, 
 the Favour of our munificent Sultans, who fucceed 
 the ancient Emporors of Greece. This fuperlative 
 Power the Popes of Rome would not recognize in 
 any other but themfelves, being loth to part with 
 the Authority they once pofTefs'd ; whence pro- 
 ceeded the Scbifm between the two Churches of the 
 Eaft Bnd Weft, And while the Patriarchs of the 
 Grecians flicker 'd their new-acquired Honour un- 
 der the Protection of the Emperors, the Popes, 
 partly by Artifice, and partly by force, made them- 
 ielves Lords of Rome, and the adjacent Territories, 
 taking the Advantage of the Abfence of the Emperors, 
 the Pufillanimity of the Senators, and Difcord of the 
 Citizens. Supported with this Princely Eftate, they 
 excommunicate all the Churches which did not fub- 
 mit to them, as the Sovereign Prelates of the Ckri- 
 fian World ; publifhing fevere EdiSs againft the 
 Greek Church, and doing every Thing that might 
 confirm the World, in the Belief of their Autho- 
 rity and Grandeur. The Potentates of Europe, 
 frighten'd with the Thunder which the Reman Pon- 
 tiffs ufed, and induced by other Reafons, did Homage , 
 to them, acknowledging their Sovereign Jairfdiftion 
 in die Weft. In this State they have continued ever 
 lince, without yielding in any Thing to the Patriarch 
 of Conjtantinofle. 
 
 There have been great Endeavours ufed on both 
 Sides, to gain their refpe&ive Ends ; and feveral 
 General Councils were called, that is, An 'Aflembly 
 of the chief Biflops and Dsflors of both Churches, 
 to examine and decide the Difference. And fome- 
 times the Fathers of the Greek Church have fub- 
 icribed a Submiflion to the Pope ; but, as foon 
 as they return'd home, they have recanted, and 
 the Breach been render 'd as wide as ever. They ac- 
 cufe the Romans of Partialty, and fay, .That the 
 
 Council, -
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 137 
 
 Councils were pack'd ; yet both Parties feem to 
 give an extraordinary Deference to thofe general 
 Councils, believing that the Holy Ghoft is there pre- 
 fent, and guides them into all Truth. The Ceun- 
 cils, which they efteem infallible, have emtraJiSed 
 each other ; This repealing what That had de- 
 creed, and a Third difannulling that Repeal. ' The 
 Councils believe themfelves above the Pope, and 
 the Pope, exalts himfelf above the Councils. Some- 
 times they have had Two or Three Popes together, all 
 claming that which can be the Right but f one. 
 In fine, they have involved themfelves in fuch a 
 Labyrinth of Difputes and Cavils, and entangled 
 in fuch a Circle of Abfurdities, that the foberer 
 Part of Chriftians begin to queflion the Authority 
 both of Popes and Councils : Infomuch, as it being 
 generally known, That the laft Affembly of this 
 Kind, was manifeftly over- ruled by the Agents of 
 the Court of Rome, People fpar'd not to pafs this 
 Jeft on it, and fay, That the Holy Ghoft teas fent 
 from Rome to the Council of Trent /* a, Cloak-bag ; 
 intimating thereby, the many InftrucTrions and Ad- 
 vices which were continually tranfmitted from Rome 
 by the Poft, to the fathers fitting in that Council, 
 whereby all Things were determined according- t 
 the Papers Pleafure, and to the Advantage of the Ro- 
 man Court. 
 
 'Tis certain, the Chriftians now a-days have a- 
 bated much of that blind Obedience which they 
 formerly paid to the Roman Pontiff: They begin , 
 to fee with their 0wn Eyes, and not with thofe of 
 their Priefts. There was a Time when many Kings 
 were made to hold their Crowns in Fee of the 
 Roman Prelates, who pretended a Right to difpofe 
 of all the Kingdoms and Empires of the Earth, as 
 Vicar of Gad. But the Kings of England, Swede- 
 lond, and Denmark, with fome Princes of the Ger- 
 man Empire, and the States of Holland, have taught 
 
 others
 
 13$ LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 others the Way to ftand upon their Guard ; fo that, 
 though the Emperor of Germany, Kings of France, 
 Spain and Holland, with the Princes of Italy, profefs 
 an Obedience to the Hcly Father, yet 'tis rather out 
 of a Maxim of Policy, than any real Ferfualion of 
 Religion. 
 
 The Spaniards feem themoft fuperftitioufly devoted 
 to the See of Rome ; yet they will not tndure the Ex- 
 communication, which the Pope pron .,'uccr againft 
 their King, above the Space of one Day. It fee in s 
 upon feme old Difference between therr. : ir is ufual 
 for the Holy Father to excommunicate thh Sovereign. 
 once a Year, that is, on the Thu.J'JGy befc.e E 'after, 
 which is the fame as our Feaft of Biitiim. N( \v, as 
 I am told, the Spanijb Ambajfcidor next Day (-resents 
 the Pope with a Gennet, or Horfe, upon which the 
 Cenfure is taken off. This is an Ecclefiaftick Jug- 
 gle ; and the Court of Romj ufe a great deal or luch 
 holy LfgertLmcin, to keep the Sons of the Church ia 
 their Obedience. 
 
 The French Ckurcl, though in all Things agiee- 
 ing, and profefling an entire Obedience to the Ro- 
 man, yet claims to her felf fome Immunities and 
 Privileges, which the Court of Rime is very loth 
 to grant. Hence it eom.es to pais, that there drife 
 frequent Contefts between the Popes and the IJ.ngs 
 of France, which are generally accommodated -Q the 
 Advantage of the latter ; the Pope not being * -ling 
 to try the Force of THE LAST REASON OF ' 
 KINGS : This is a Motto engraven on f he French 
 King's Cannon, which he has thrcatenV to carry to 
 the Walls of Rome, if the Pope fnould intrench on 
 the Gallic an Rights. 
 
 But though they thus difagree in fome Niceties 
 of State, yet they, and all the rett of the Nations 
 within the Roman Cummunion, have but one Form 
 of Divine Service, which they call the Mafs, and it 
 is the fame with the Grecian Liturgy. On Feftival 
 
 Dajs
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 139 
 
 Days it is fofemnized with Variety of choice Mujick 
 and Singing ; with innumerable Wax-Tapers burning 
 at Noon-day I have feen, at fuch a Time, Cxteen 
 Priefls before the Altar, all vefted in mod coftly Silks, 
 embroider'd with Gold and Pearls. 
 
 They have alfo many Chapels and Altars in the 
 fame Church, and fometiires they celebrate Mxfs on 
 all the Altars together ; differing herein from thole 
 of the Greek Communion, who have bat one Altar in 
 a Temple : For which they plead Antiquity, k never 
 having been known that the primitive Ckr>fiians had 
 any more. On the other Side, the Romans plead 
 Conveniency for the Multitude of their Altars ; that 
 the Pope has a Power to difpenfc with the ancient 
 Rites and Traditions in fuch Cafes ; and tha' nothing 
 was more reafonable than that their Altars mould be 
 multiplied, a the Number of their Prcfelytes and 
 Priefts increased. 
 
 I will net pretend to decide this Controverfy : 
 permit me only to fay, That the faithful Mxfful- 
 mo-i have more Rsafon to require feveral Preachers 
 at the fame Time in our mcgnifcent Mafques, where 
 it is iinpoffible for all the Audi ors in fo vaft 
 an A/Tembly, to hear and underftand the Law ex- 
 pounded by one Man, though it be performed in 
 the vulgar Tongue : Whereas, their Service is cele- 
 brated in a Language whereof the Multitude are 
 utterly ignorant. It matters not much whe.her they 
 are near a Prieft at the Altar, or afar off, fmce 
 they underftand not a Word he fays j and the Gre- 
 cians judge it fufficient to be prefent at this their dai- 
 ly Sacrifice, though it be at the very Porch of the 
 Temple. 
 
 Another Difference there is rJfo between thefe 
 two Churches : The Raman allows not a Married 
 Priefl, unlefs in fome extraordinary Cafes, and 
 then the Popis Difpenfaticn rnuit be procured. Bu 
 Concubinage is connived at, though forbidden by 
 
 the
 
 140 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IT. 
 
 the Caucus of the Church : Whereas thou knoweft 
 that all the Grecian Papas marry, and get Chil- 
 dren. 
 
 The Spaniard, among all the Nations within the 
 Reman Pale, are reckon'd the befl Catholicks ; but the 
 nvorjl ChriJiiaKS ; the French are faid to be" the 
 beft Cbriftians, but the nvorft Cathslicks ; and the 
 Italians are accounted neither Catholicks ; nor Cbri- 
 Jlians. 
 
 I know not what Reafon they have to ftate the Dif- 
 ference fo between the two former ; but the Cha- 
 racter of the latter fuits in one refpedl with the ufu- 
 al Proverb of that Country ; it being common in, the 
 Mouths of Italian Gallants, to fay, He that is a Chri- 
 ftian, is a Fool. - 
 
 The devouter Sort of Catkolicks pay a great Re- 
 verence and Devotion to the Relicks of their Saints. 
 I could not reprehend them for this, if I were fure 
 of Two Things, That all thofe whom they efteem 
 as Saints, were really fuch ; and, That all the Re- 
 licks they keep with fo much Veneration in their 
 Churches, did really appertain to the Perfons under 
 vvhofe Names they go : For then it would be no 
 more than what the true Believers pra&ife through- 
 out the World ; and it is well known, That when a 
 Piece of the Garment of OUB Holy Prophet was dipp'd 
 in the Water which they caft on the Flames of 
 Conftantinvple, the Fire immediately ceafed, to which 
 before no Stop could be given by all the Induliry 
 and Endeavours of Men. Affuredly, 'the Bodies of 
 the Prophets and Meffengers of God are holy, and have 
 a Power of fan&ifying whatever they touch, pro- 
 ducing often miraculous Effecls ; but the Avarice 
 of Men may abufe this Truth to their own private 
 Ends ; and the Cbriftians themfelves, will not believe 
 all to be true Relicks of Saints, which their crafty 
 Friefts (hew for fuch. 
 
 There
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 141 
 
 There are innumerable ether Sefts of Cbriftians, 
 which are neither in Communion with the Roman nor 
 the Grecian Churches ; but, acculing them of Idola- 
 try, feparate thernfelves from their Society, and form 
 diftinft Congregations. Thefe are not known in 
 France, faving only the Hugonots, otherwife called 
 Protejtanfs : Which laft is a Term comprehending 
 all that have revolted from the Roman Church, and 
 was firil allumed by the Lutherans, at Augjburgh in 
 Germany. 
 
 In England and Holland there are Abundance of 
 thefe Setis, fome of them newly fprung up, others 
 of longer Date. And all thus far agree with the 
 MuJJulmaits, that they ufe not Pictures or Images in 
 their Temples ; fo that were they rightly inftrufted 
 in the holy Alcoran, it would not be a Thing altoge- 
 ther impracticable, to perfuade them to Circumci/ion. 
 There is a Scft which they call Sodnians, who feem 
 to preach out of the very Book of Glory, denying the 
 Divinity of "Jefus, the Son of Mary, the Cbrijiian 
 Mejfias ; even as our di<vine Lawgiver does in feveral 
 Chapters and Verficles of the Alcoran. 
 
 The Chriflian Church feems to be a ftately Build- 
 ing, whereof Prelacy is the Corner-ftone ; if this 
 were removed, all would fall to the Ground. That 
 which they call the Hierarchy, if it could ones be 
 diilblved or pulled down, we mould foon fee all 
 Chriftendom laid in Ruins. This Hierarchy is a 
 gradual Subordination of Arrkbijhops, Bifiops, and 
 Priefts-, the Inferior depending on the Superior, 
 and ail deriving their Orders and Dignities from 
 their chief Patriarchs. Thefe are the Links which 
 compofe that Chain that fattens Cbrijlendom toge- 
 ther ; were this but once broke, the united Inte- 
 reft of Europe would foon fall into Pieces. The 
 Way muft be, by beginning at the lowermoft Link. 
 Could but the Priefts be render'd iudependent on 
 the Bifhops, and on each other, it would be a fair 
 
 Step 

 
 142 LETTERS Writ by Yol. II. 
 
 Step towards difmantling of the Out-works, thefe 
 Friefts drawing infinite Numbers of People after 
 them ; as it is apparent in Geneva, Holland, Sivif- 
 fcrland, and orhef Places, where they have quite a- 
 bolifh'd the Order and Authority of Bijhop : And it 
 is obfervable that none of thefe foremefttion'd Coun- 
 tries, fmce that Time, have ever been inftrumen- 
 tal in oppofing the victorious Arms of the Ottoman 
 Empire : As if., with the Downfal of Epifcopacy, the 
 Charm were diffipated, which had for ibme Ages 
 precipitated thefe Nations (among others) to a ralh 
 and obftinate Refiftance of that Force, which is 
 deftin'd by Fate to conquer and reform the 
 World. 
 
 Weigh this Thought well, and thou wilt find 
 that the Order of E-jhops is efiential and necefiary 
 to the good Eltate of Cbrijiendom ; and, that the 
 only Way for the Mujjiilmar.s to undermine all Eu- 
 rope, will be to fupplant this CW;r, and introduce 
 an Ecclefiaftick Independency among the Priefts ; 
 by which means every one mail afiume to himfelf, 
 not only his proper Fragment of the torn Dignity, 
 but the whole fundamental Power of a Bimop ; $a 
 king upon him to do thofc Officer, which before 
 it was not accounted lawful for any but a MitrtJ 
 Head to perform. Hence, in Time, will follow 
 innumerable Jr.conveniences, Ditlaltes and Broils ; 
 and perhaps as many Schifms, as there are particular 
 Priells to head them : Since every one will be 
 apt to think hirnfjf capable of dictating to all the 
 reft, and judge it below him to receive the Law 
 from any. Thus will there be a clear Stage, for 
 Ambition, -Avarice, and Lull, to aft their Parts on : 
 And vviien. by the Craft of deugning Men, and Su- 
 perftition of Bidets, and the Eafir.dj of the Credu- 
 lous, the greau-.lt P-ii*: frail be fo divided, that it 
 will be difficult to find vo Men of the fame Mind 
 in Articles of Faith ; it >viil then be eafy, either
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 143 
 
 by thy intelligible Reafons in the Alcoran, or the 
 more cogent Argumen.s of the Sword, to plant the 
 true and urdffiLd Faith in thefe Countries. The 
 Creator of a 1 ! Things haften his Holy Prophet's Re- 
 turn, that all Nations may embrace his Law, aflert 
 his Unity, and be incorporated into the glorious Em- 
 pire of the Ofihans. 
 
 Paris, icth of tie 6th Moon, 
 c-f the Tear 1643. 
 
 LETTER XVIII. 
 
 To the Kaimacham. 
 
 SINCE the Death of King Lewis, all Mens Eyes 
 and Hearts are fixed upon the Dauphin ; who, 
 tiio' he is very young, yet he is a Prince of a forward 
 Genius and promifing Afpet, giving fignal Proofs 
 of a martial Spirit. 
 
 One Day, feeing the Guards, as they were exer- 
 cifmg their Anns, he difcover'd an extraordinary 
 Complacency, and faid to thofs that flood by, / had 
 rather be a Soldier than a King ; imagining from the 
 Softnefs he is accuftom'd to in thefe Infant Years, 
 That the Life of a Soldier is incompatible with that 
 cf a King. 
 
 Since that Time, he harafies his Tutor and At- 
 tendants with perpetual Tattle about Guns and 
 Swords. And Cardinal M. \zarlni, not to baffle Qr 
 check fuch generous Inclinations, has culled" out a 
 Companion for him, agreeable in Temper, only a 
 Year or two older. 
 
 Thefe young Sons of Mars bsftow their Time 
 partly in mooting with little harmiefs Engines, 
 made on purpofe for the Dauphin's Recreation, in 
 
 Imita-i
 
 144 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 Imitation of Guns ; fometimes with Bows and Ar- 
 rows ; at other Times they fence, with Files adapted 
 to their tender Arms, and Childifti Skill. In thefe 
 kind of Exercifes the Dauphin grows a great Profi- 
 cient ; and it is look'd upon as an Omen of his fu- 
 ture Warlike Deeds. 
 
 A Spanffi Aftrologer has calculated his Nativity. 
 He proprieties jftrange Things of this young Prince ; 
 as. That he (hall excell all his Royal Anccjiors in Feats 
 of Arms ; That he lhall make-the Crown of France 
 Imperial, having fubdued pain, Italy, and Germany; 
 That he (hail {hake the Ottoman Empire, but in the 
 End mail be deppfed by his own Subjects. 
 
 I know not what Credit may be given to the Pro- 
 fefTors of this Science, in regard the ancient Rules of 
 AJirologv, on which the Chaldeans and other Eaftern 
 Sages grounded their Predictions, are now either 
 wholly left, or fo corrupted and obfcured by the 
 Comments and GlofTes of latter Authors, that there 
 are hardly any Footfleps ofjjthe original Maxims to be 
 trac'd. Yet, without troubling sljirologers, Prophets, 
 or Wizards, one may preiagefrom the natural Genius 
 of the Dauphin, That when he comes to feel his 
 Strength, he will not be idle, but follow his Father's 
 Steps, who, before he was thirteen Years of Age, 
 Appeared at the Head of Armies. 
 
 The Omnipotent guard our glorious Sultan, and the 
 Empire eftablifh'd by his own Hands ; and may his 
 Blefling defcend on the Royal Off-fpring ; that the 
 young Sultan Mahomet may perform greater Things, 
 than are prophefied of the French Dauphin. 
 
 Paris, 6th of the yth Moon, 
 of tie Year ^4 3. 
 
 LETTER
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 145 
 
 LETTER XIX. 
 To the Vizir Azem, at the Port. 
 
 I Remember, I promifed to fend thee farther Ad-vi- 
 ces of the War between Spain and Portugal, fince 
 the late Revolution in thofe Parts. 
 
 The f/Iarut<tfTircem was the only Place that held 
 out againft the New King, when all others with Ex- 
 preflions of extraordinary Joy for their Deliverance 
 from the Cajiilian Yoke, fubmitted to, and acknow- 
 ledged D. Juan dc Braganza, as the Lawful Heir of 
 that Crown. 
 
 The Refinance which the Governor of this I/land 
 made, obliged the King to fend thither a certain 
 Number of Ships of War, to block up the Place, 
 and hinder the Importance of any Provifions. And 
 this Courfe prov'd fuccefsful ; for, though the 
 Spaniards attempted feveral Times to relieve it, 
 yet thefe Vefiels were either taken by the Portu- 
 
 f'tefe Fleet, or fent back again, without doing their 
 rrand. So that, at length, Don Alvaro de t'iveires, 
 the Gowrncur, finding himfelf reduced to great 
 Streighfs for want of NecefTaries, without any 
 Hopes cf being relieved, was forced to capitulate 
 and furrender. 
 
 The Ntw Kmg has made an Alliance with the 
 Swedes which is of no fmall Advantage to him ; 
 having thereby eftablifhed a Commerce with the 
 Country, and furniming himfelf from thence with 
 Powder, Hcrfes, Arms, and all other Provifions 
 of War. 
 
 He has alfo made a Treaty with the Hallandfrs, 
 
 but not with fo good Succefs as the former. Thou 
 
 haft heard what Potfeffions the Kings of Spain and 
 
 Portugal have acquired in America, they being the 
 
 H nrft
 
 146 LETTERS Writ Ij Vol. It. 
 
 firft Difcoverers of that Ntiu World. It happened 
 that about the Time of the late Revolution in Por- 
 tugal, the Hollanders of Brajtl took from the Port~- 
 gueze the Towns of Angela, St. Thomas, M^rag- 
 nan, and other Places belonging to D. yuan de Era- 
 garza, in thofe Parts. The Knowledge of this co- 
 ming to the Pertugvtxt Coirt, caufed the King to 
 fend his Amlajfrador, to demand of the State:, the 
 Reafon of this Breach. They anfwer, Ic was done 
 before the News of the Revolution had reached the 
 Weft-Indies. This, with fome Ats of Hoftility in the 
 Oriental Parts, has Jeifened the good Underfhmding 
 which was between thtm. 
 
 In the mean Time, the Spight and Hatred of the 
 Cafliliar.s increaftd daily, much Blood was fpilt on 
 the Frontiers of Portugal, which obliged D. Juan to 
 eftablifli Six Places of Strength, quartering in them 
 an Army of Thirty Thoufand Men T\\z Spaniards, 
 to oppofe their Forces, had likewife four or five Ar- 
 mies in Caftile. There were many Skirmifhes and 
 Encounters, Stratagems and Ambufcades, on both 
 Sides ; and it was hard to determine who had got the 
 Advantage, 'till Fortune feemed to favour the Caufe 
 of the Portuguize. 
 
 They had a valiant and expert Commander, who 
 was Governor of one of their Frontier Pitrvincts : 
 His Name is, FernandTelles de Menezez. This Here, 
 animated by the Juftice of his Caufe, and fpurr'd on 
 by the natural Ardour of his Spirit, pierc'd into the 
 Bowels of Old Cajlilc, took the Towns of St Mar- 
 tin and Egles, demolifhing the Caftle belonging to 
 the latter, which alfo commanded all the Country 
 thereabouts, and, being encounter'd by two thoufand 
 five hundred Spaniards, he fell upon them, and cut 
 them all to Pieces. He alfo rendered himfelf Mailer 
 of a ftrong Place called Valwrde, which he Itored 
 \\ith all Sorts of Ammunition, and left a Portuguese 
 Garrifon in it. 
 
 They
 
 Vol.11. <z SPY # PARIS. 147 
 
 They were no lefs victorious in another Province 
 from whence the Portuguese Armies rafhed into the 
 adjacent Territories of Spain, taking the Towns of 
 Aroches, Villar de Rty, Co dt 'cere, Anzinafola, and 
 -other Places of Note, without any Refinance, fave 
 that of a few Cajiilian Troops, moftofwhiqh they 
 took Priibners, with a Booty of three hundred Spanijk 
 Gennets. After this they took Cbillts by Storm, one 
 of the moft confiderable Towns in that Part of Spain. 
 Nor was the King of Portugal only thus fuccefsful 
 near Home, but his Affairs prcfper'd alfo Abroad. 
 The Kings of Goa and Maroc fought his Alliance, 
 witli other Princes in the EaJt-luJlcs; and, in general, 
 all the Potentates in GbnflendoHt, excepting only 
 Spain, made Friendfnip with D. Juan de Brv.ganza, 
 and efpoufcd his Inttreits. 
 
 There has been a General Affnbly of all the E- 
 Jlates of Pcrtug&l ; wherein the People have teftified 
 their Joy and Satisfaction of their New King, by of- 
 fering him, together with their Lives, the Difpofalof 
 their Fortunes, to be employed for the Service of the 
 Crown, and the Releafe of his Royal Brother Don 
 Dit-rtits, of whom I formerly made mention in one 
 of my Letters. 
 
 Thou wilt not perhaps think me troublcfome, if I 
 relate to thee how the Spaniards ufed the unfortunate 
 Prince after they had imprifon'd him : Neither is it 
 altogether impertinent, to let thee fee, how fpiteful 
 this Nation is in their Revenges, and how cruel in the 
 Execution of the Refentments. 
 
 After Don Duartus was delivered into the Hands 
 of the Marquis Caficl Codrigo, the . Spaniards gave 
 him not the Entertainment and Refpeft due to a 
 Prince, but ufed him like a Slave or a Malefactor, 
 caufmg him to be lodged in a mean dark Chamber, 
 his Hands to be chained every Night, his Robes to 
 be taken from him, none of his Domefticks fuifer- 
 ed tOvCome ntar him, and doing all the Indignities . 
 H 2 to
 
 148 LETTERS Writ by Vol.11. 
 
 to him that their Malice could fuggeft, as proper 
 Means to render his Imprisonment intolerable, and 
 his Life a Burden. If thou afkeftme for what Crime 
 it was they thus puni(hed him, I can tell thee cf 
 none, unlefs it were one, to be fo nearly related to 
 the King of Portugal. 
 
 But, this is not the only Exan-.ple of the Sfanijh 
 Cruelty ; they executed their Revenge on the poor 
 unarmed Peafants in the Field ; the Duke de Al<va 
 caufing three hundred Portuguese Hu/bandmen, as 
 they were labouring in their Vineyards, to be mi'.r- 
 der'd, in cold Elood, facrificing them, as he faid, to 
 the Ghcfs of the flaughter'd Chilians. And it was 
 attributed to their under-hand Infmuations that four 
 Partugvtze AmbafTadoj s, with three and fifty of their 
 Train, were barbaroufly put to Death by the Jafa- 
 Mf/es, againft the Law of Nature, and the Sandlion of 
 all Nations Such Violences have never been prac- 
 tis'd in the Ottoman Empire ; the Scnduary of the 
 Earth has not been profan'd by an Injuftice of fo 
 deep a Dye. 
 
 There has been lately difcovered a feccnd Confpi- 
 r-cy agaift Don Juan de Braganza, wherein were 
 concerned Don Jofcpb de Mrnezcz, Gwernour of 
 St. Julian, the rnoft impotant Fortrefs of all the 
 Kingdom, and Don Ftandfco de Lucena, Secretary of 
 State. Thefe held a private Correfpondcnce with 
 the Duke de Olii-arcz ; and it was agreed between 
 them, that the Governor of Eudvjox, a Subjecl of 
 the King of Spain, fhould be put in Po'fleffion of 
 St. Julmns Fort, which is the very Key of Lif* 
 ban, and that other Places of Strength mould be de- 
 livered up to fuch Spatiijb Officers as Olivanz ap- 
 pointed. But a Letter which was fent fiom Don 
 Juan de Garay, Governor of Badcjox, to the Gover- 
 nor of St. Lucy* Fort in Portugal, being by Miftakc 
 carried to the Hands of the Count d Obldos, a Por-tu- 
 guefc General, and a faithful Friend to the King, dif- 
 
 cover'd
 
 Vol. IT. a SPY at PARIS. 149 
 
 cover'd the Intrigue, and the Traytors were feized 
 and brought to condign Puniftunent. 
 
 J cannot at prefent fend thee any more News of the 
 Psrtugi.ife Affairs. God grant thee a long and happy 
 Life in the Favour of the Grand Signior. 
 
 Paris, zoth of the yth Mco t 
 of the Year 1643. 
 
 LETTER XX. 
 
 To Dgnet Oglou. , 
 
 THOU wilt wonder when I till thee I am me- 
 lancholy for want of Solitude. That which 
 adminifters Occafion of Sadnefb to others, is the on- 
 ly Cure of my Grief. Yet this will not feern a 
 Paradox, when thou confidereft, that Ccnvcrfari- 
 on is the Air of the Soul, and that he who values 
 the Health and Eafe cf his Mind, oaght to chufe 
 fuch an Element for it to breathe in, as is pure and 
 fcrene, which is very difficult to find in any Society. 
 This is the Reafon that I never think rnyielf mor; 
 alone, then when I am confin'd to fome Kind of 
 Company. 
 
 Thou haft cbferved, that moft Men will engvofs 
 all the Talk to themfelves ; this is very irkfome. Yet, 
 I fhould not grudge them the Monopoly, were their 
 Difcorfe pertinent and agreeable ; but, to be forc\i 
 to hearken to all their empty Tattle of Hawks 
 and Hounds, Garbs and Fafhions, with an endlefs 
 Jargon of Things *cfs to the Parpofe than the for- 
 mer, which will keep their Tongues employ'd ibme- 
 times, two or three Hours together ; renders their 
 Converfe more trcublefome, than that of the Spark, 
 who pick'd up Horace in the Streets of Rome . 
 
 H 3 others
 
 I JO LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 Others are of a quite contrary Humour ; and, 
 thou may'ft as foon get a Word from the Mufti, as 
 from them. They fit like Statues, as if they emu- 
 lated the Character of Griuli JLben Sagran, one of 
 the Vizirs of the Bench, who, in ten Years that he 
 had fat in the Dii-an, was never obferved to fpcak a 
 Syllable. 
 
 Yet, this Sort is more tolerable than the other, who 
 with their everlalting Chat, rock the Company a- 
 fleep, and take frorri them the very Power of Think* 
 ing. 
 
 However, J perfer the Retirement of my Cham- 
 ber to both thefe Jnconver.iencies. There I can 
 enter into mvfelf, and by retreating from all Com- 
 merce with my Senfes, I find a private back Way 
 te cenverfe with the whole Univerfe. Think not 
 this a Cbimsera, or that Mahmut pretends to ex- 
 traordinary Illuminations; 'tis Nothing but whateve- 
 ry Man may experience, who will but take thePaini 
 to be throughly acquainted with himfelf. If he can 
 but gain a familiar Accefs to the inward Apart- 
 ments of his own Breaft, he will foon find a Po- 
 ftern there, which will readily open, and let him into 
 the moft retired Clofets of Nature : From thence he 
 may fally forth, and take a better Survey of the 
 World, than he can by his Eyes. Here he will be- 
 hold all Things undifguifed, and in their true Qusm - 
 tities and Qualities. And, which is more admirable, 
 he will be able wkheut the Help of Of ticks, to fee 
 himfelf enjoying this Felicity, and to know that he 
 fees it, which is a fufficient Conviction that he is not 
 in a Dream. 
 
 Wouldft thou improve thy Knowledge, affect not 
 a Multitude of Books ; there am but few worth the 
 Reading. What is the whole Creation bat one 
 great Library ? Every Volume in which, and every 
 Page in thofe Volumes, are imprefs'd vtkh radiant 
 Characters of infinite Wifdom ; And, all the Per- 
 fections
 
 Vol. If. a SPY at PARIS. 151 
 
 feftions of the Univerfe, are contracted with fuch 
 inimitable Art in Man, that he needs no other 
 Book but Himfelf, to make him a compleat Pbili- 
 fsplir. Thoa wilt fay, That this requires too great 
 an Abftra&eanefs of Mind, and is very painful I 
 tell thee, my dear Friend, I am extremely fubjeft 
 to Melancholy ; whofe Effect, thou knoweft is to 
 render one very Thoughful, and thofe Thoughts 
 rack the Soul with intolerable Arguifh. Yet, I 
 do not fly from them, as generally Men are ac- 
 cuftomed ; neither do I feek to drown them in Wine, 
 or chace them away with any fociable Divertife- 
 ments. My ufual Way is, To bid them Battle, 
 oppofe Thoughts againft Thoughts ; and, with the 
 Dint of Reafon, to fubdue this peevifh Humour. 
 To this End, I hunt up and down for my Enemy, 
 and rummage every Concr of my Soul, purfuing 
 the Caufe of my Sadnefs, with fuch Arguments as 
 thefe : Why fhould I be Melancholy, who poffcfs 
 Nothing that I fear to lofe, and yet enjoy all that I 
 could wifh for, were I without what I now pofiefs ? 
 I am a Mujjiilman^ and therefore, under the Pro- 
 tection of Gcd : I ferve his Vicegerent, the Grand 
 Signior, faithfully, and find Acceptance with the 
 BaJ/'as of the Port : I am in France, yet cannot 
 call it a Foreign Country, fince Innocence and Virtue 
 naturalize a Man in all Parts of the World. I can- 
 not fay I am unfortunate, fo long as I have no Vice 
 for which I need either to blufh or grow pale. If 
 1 am flander'd, this ought to be an Occafion of Joy, 
 fince it ranks me with Men of the greateft Merit, 
 who could never efcape the Calumnies of the En- 
 vious. And I have Reafon to triumph, in that I find 
 no Inclination to revenge my felf, but rather to pity 
 my Traduces, 
 with my 
 Countenance, 
 
 H 4 there 
 
 iation to revenge my leu, out ratner to pity 
 lucer;. If any Man fhould play the Satyrijl 
 Deformity, and rudely defcant on my ugly 
 ance, or the Difproportion of my Limbs,
 
 1 52 LETTERS Writ h) 1 Vol. II. 
 
 there is no more Reafon to be grieved at this than to 
 be affronted at the Wind for blowing off my Hat, or 
 the Rain for wetting my Cloths, or a Dog for bafrk- 
 ing at me as I go along the Streets, the one being as 
 Natural as the other. 
 
 Thus I argue with my felf, dear Qg/cu, when af- 
 faulted with Melancholy ; thefe are the Remedies 
 which I apply to that black Diftempcr of the Mind : 
 And fometimes I go farther, if thefe will do no good : 
 1 then afk myfeif, whether it be the Fear of Death 
 that thus perplexes me ? And herebegias my Cure, 
 This kindles the brightcft Spark of Reafon, which 
 in a Moment difperfes all the Mift. The difmal 
 Pageantry of Chimera's vanimes, and all the Tra- 
 gick Pomp of Grief ftreight difappears. Not that 
 J would have thee think that I am fond of dy- 
 ing, but I conflder Death as the unavoidable Fate of 
 all Men ; and, that therefore it is reafonable to be 
 chearful, fince that which no Man can efcape, will, 
 one Time or other, releafe me and every Man from 
 the Miferies of this Life. This Thought recovers me 
 from the worft Effefts of Melancholy ; and, I be- 
 lieve, the Damned themfelves would fcmetimes be in 
 a good Humour, if they had bat the leaft Giiinpfe 
 of Hopes, that they mould one Day be delivered from 
 their Torments. For, whatfoever Softs of Men 
 there are in this Life, I cannot think there be any 
 Stoicks in Hell. 
 
 And now I have entertained thee with Compa- 
 ny and Solitude, with Books and Men, with Life and 
 Death, with Earth and Hell ; let us take one Step 
 farther, and refrefh ourfelves with the Remem- 
 brance of Heaven, the Joys of the BlefTe.d in Para- 
 dtfe ; which, certainly, is the bcft Relief of an- 
 xious Thoughts, the moft perfed Cure of Me- 
 lancholy, the Guide of Life, and the Comfort of 
 Death. 
 
 Gvd
 
 Vol.11. rfSpy at PARIS. IJ3 
 
 God grant, That Thou and I may fee each other, 
 and drink together in the Arbours of Eden, and kifs 
 the Daughter 't of Paradife 
 
 Paris, 1 4th of the 8th Moon, 
 of the Tear 1643. 
 
 LETTER XXI. 
 
 To the Tefterdar, or Lord-Treafurer. 
 
 Kingdom and Empires (like Men) l-.ve their 
 Lucky and Unlucky Seafr ns. Spain feems for 
 a confiderable Time to have been under a Cloud, 
 as if her Guardian Fate began to droop, and were 
 not ftrong enough te check the rHing Granduer of 
 France. 
 
 It has been an old Observation, That theft iv'?cm 
 God (onfigns over to Ruin, he firft Infatuates, It 
 was a grand Over fight in Don Francifco de Mi la, 
 to COnftitute the Duke of Albuquerque, General of 
 l.is Horfe : For he thereby To difgufted the Sfanijb 
 Officers in his Army, that emulating the Honour 
 of this young Portugueze, the greateit Part of them 
 tleferted, in the very Nick of Time, when their 
 Prefence was moft necefTary to confirm the Baffa- 
 licns, already Ihrinking from the furious Onfet of 
 the French. 
 
 This gave the young Duke of Anguien an intirc 
 Victory, and has crowned him with glorious Laurels, 
 while Dan Francifco de Meh, by this ill Conduit, has 
 quite loft his Reputation, and is forced to refign up 
 his Commiffion to another. 
 
 This Battle was foaght before Rocroy, and may 
 
 be reckoned as a Parallel with that bloody Battle 
 
 of Leiffeck between the Imperial; fa aad Si>.-;&i, <M 
 
 H ' tk-
 
 IJ4 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 the Seventh of the Ninth Moon, of the Year 1631. 
 A Day which was remarkable at Conjlanlinoplt, on 
 the Account of that te;rible Lightning, which fur- 
 prized the late Sultan Amur at h in his Bed. Many 
 other extraodinary Events, fignalized this Day in 
 England, France, Germany, and other Places ; which 
 occaiioned the Gnat AJlrelcgcr Heriiaus, to call it A 
 Day of Blood. 
 
 Such another was this unfortunate Day to the 
 Spaniards, at the forementioned Battle of Rocroy ; 
 where they loft an infinite Number of Men, with 
 all their Field pieces and an Hundred and Fifty Co- 
 lours. 
 
 He that creaetd the Moon and the ConJIt llations in 
 Heaven, to diilinguim the Times and Seafons, guard 
 thee from the Influence of malignant Stars, and from 
 the Deftroyer, who ranges the World on certain Cri- 
 tical Days. 
 
 Paris, 1 2th of the 9th Moon, 
 of the Year 1643. 
 
 LETTER XXII. 
 To the Vizir Azem, at the Port. 
 
 IT is Time, it is high Time, mofl fage MiniJJer, 
 for the Ottoman Sword, the Sweid of juitice, to 
 be unfheathed, not agair.ft an open Eneniyi but a- 
 gainft its prch.-fled Friends and Subjects. The Head 
 of the Bvj/'a of Cyprus, is become a Burden to him, 
 as likewHe thofe of Miiyhne, Sia, and Limnos. They 
 plot Mifchief againlt the Throne that is eflabliflied in 
 Equity ; they are ungrateful to tl.eir Sovereign, who 
 hachex:lted them ; they arc become unworthy of the 
 Honours \vith whicii they are dignified.
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 155 
 
 I could hardy believe the Erft Reports of this Trea- 
 fon, till I was, at length, fully convinced by unde- 
 niable Teftiir.onies, that it was too true. 
 
 Yet, it is a Secret even in the Fn-ncb Court I a- 
 lone have difcovered this Myftery, by the Means of a 
 Jevj and a Grecian, both my Agents in thofe Parts, 
 and Men whom I can confide in. 
 
 The Bufmefj is this. The SaJ/a's and Governors 
 of the JJles before mentioned, have confpired to- 
 gether, to divide themfelves from the Body of the 
 Ottoman Empire, and to make the I/lands of the 
 jEgean Si. a, a Commonwealth independent on the 
 Throne which governs the World. The EaJJa of Cy- 
 frus is the Ring-leader of this Confplracy, and that 
 I// and is to be the Cafit.-J Seat cf their Ni<w Re- 
 jubiick. 
 
 The Governors of the Five Greater Jflis, are to be 
 called, The Sovereign CounfJlors of State. By thefe 
 all the Affairs of Arclipilago are to be managed. On- 
 ly the Bajja of Cyprus fhall be Supreme, and have 
 the cafiing Voice in all Cafes of Diipute. 
 
 The encloied Papers contain the perfedl Model 
 of their New Government, the Articles and Propo- 
 fitions en which this Rebellions Defigned _C~mmo- 
 <wealth is to be built, with the Names of the chiefeft 
 Confpirators fub'cribed. 
 
 Permit me, Sage Min : fter, to fet before thy Eyes 
 the Occafions of thefe Treacherous Defigns. 
 
 It has been the Cuftom of the Port, to connive 
 for a ccnfiderable Time, at the Oppreffiotis, Ra- 
 pines, and Exaftions cf the Eaffus aaid Governors of 
 P, evinces ; to iufFer tiiem to harrafs the People under 
 their Jurifdiclion ; to pillage and fpoil them of 
 their Moneys, Goods and Mates, till they have 
 amafs'd together vail Sums of Money: And then 
 it has been as ufual for the Sultan, upon the leaft 
 Complaint, to fend the Bow-itring to the Crimi? 
 al Baffa. 
 
 ' H 6 What
 
 \5$ LETTERS Writ by Vol. If. 
 
 Whatever may be pleaded in Defence of this Me- 
 thod, in former Tines, my Opinion is, that it may 
 prove dangerous now. And, if I may be permitted 
 to fpeak freely, I have Reafon to think, that this was 
 one Ground of the cieiigned Treafon in the JJlcs of 
 the JEgean Sea. 
 
 Formerly, thofe who were removed to thefe Com- 
 mands, were not fo well verfed in the Maxims of Po- 
 licy, nor fo apprehenfive of the Cabinet Secrets of 
 State. But now the Age is refined, Men are more 
 fubtle, jealous, and felfifh than they were ; Nature 
 teaches all Men to preferve their Lives with utrao't 
 Diligence. 
 
 The Bti/a of Cyprus, who is the" Ring-leader of 
 this Confpiracy, has been let alone in a long Courfe 
 of Tyranny and Oppreffion over his Subjtcls ; by 
 which Means, he has heaped to himfelf prodigious 
 Treafure. His guilty Mind told him, that Corn- 
 p'aints would be made againft him, and that one 
 Time or other he rr.uft be Itrangled. He kne-.v that 
 his Gold would be better thought to become the 
 Su han't Servglio than his o\vn ; and, that he had 
 been long enough in his Office, to ferve the Poli- 
 tick Ends of State. 
 
 Revolving thofe Things in his Mind, he quick- 
 ly concluded, That the Crimes he had been guilty of 
 in his Government, would draw upon him inevi- 
 table Ruin, unleis he prevented it, by committing 
 greater. And that, as Gppreflion of" his Subjecls 
 had mads him Rich, fo Treafon againft his Sove- 
 reign muft make him Safe. He commnicates his 
 Thoughts to fcme of his trufty Friends and Con- 
 fidents. They encourage him to proceed, repre- 
 fenting to him the natural Strength of the Jftand, 
 feconded by Abundance of ft rong Forts and Cailleo : 
 That the Soldiers -might cafily be won to his Party 
 bj< Money, and the Inhabitants ;r.igh: be pacified by
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 1^7 
 
 iome publick Refutations, and other Acts of In- 
 dulgence. 
 
 Thus was the Foundation laid of riiis formidable 
 Treafon, which fon gather 'd Strength by the Accef- 
 fion of more Confpirators, 'till at length all the IJln 
 aforefaid were engaged in the Difloyal League. 
 
 1 will not prefume to diftate what: is to be done in 
 this Cafe. I leave that to thy oraculous Sentence. 
 But, permit me to fuggeft my Thoughts, of a proper 
 Means to prevent the like Mifcarriages for the fu- 
 ture. And this is, by executing timely and impartially 
 J jftice. It feems to me, not only a Reflection on the 
 'fifftice of the imperial Sword, but alfo on the Pali- 
 ticks of the Royal Cabinet, to fufFcr a B^JJ'a to grow 
 rich by Oppreflion of the People under his Command. 
 For, when he has thus plunder'd his Subjects to fill 
 his own Coffers, he has armed himfelf with the 
 Sinews and Nerves of Rebellion ; Money being 
 that which gives Life and Motion to all great and 
 bold Undertakings. 
 
 Therefore, it will be better, not to countenance 
 the leaft Oppreffion in thefe great Men, whereby 
 they may at once be tempted, through the Confci- 
 ouihefs of their Crimes, and ilrengthen'd by their ill- 
 gotten Wealth, to rebel againft their lawful Sove- 
 reign. Let Alippo, S'tdon, Algiers, Tunis and Tripoly, 
 be Precedents of this Kind. By Jujllce the -Ib-oae 
 is beft and mofl fccurely eftablifhed ; Nothing unjuft 
 and violent is permanent. 
 
 Gad overthrow the Devices of thefc Tray tors, and 
 Crown our Glorious Sultan. 
 
 P. ris, 26th tf the gth Maon, 
 
 tf tit r^i,- 1643. 
 
 LETTER
 
 158 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 L E T T E R XXIII. 
 
 <To Chiurgi Muhammetj BafTa. 
 
 I Have been in this City very near fix Years, and 
 it will be expeded, that in all this Time I have 
 made fome profitable Remarks, on the Nature of the 
 French, the Intrigues of t! e Ccu t, the Policy of the 
 State, ,the Difdfline of thtir At rnics, and the Strength 
 ef the Kingdom. 
 
 Some Obfervations I have already communicated 
 to the Minijhrs of the Divan, and to others of my 
 Friends at the Sublime Port. All my Letters are 
 made common to the happy Slaves of him *who rules 
 the World. Thou halt heard of the Death of a po- 
 tent King, a great Queen, and a mighty Favou.ite; 
 Now let us change the Scene, and pafs from the 
 melancholy 7tcmn of Death the unavoidable Fate 
 of Mortals, to the iprightly Joys of Life, the bloom- 
 ing Years of an Infant King, who takes an eaJy 
 Leap from his Cradle to a Throve. Thou wilt not 
 exped I ihould fpeak much of him, who as yet can 
 fay but little of himielf. However, in pafiing by 
 itiis little great One, it would be ill Manners net to' 
 pay him a Salute or CoKge ; who, tho' young, feems 
 no Novice in PurMilios of, CcurfjZip, as appears by 
 his Addrefs to the Bifeop who baptized him ; (if 
 thou knoweft not what that means, it is the_^>/? Ce- 
 remony vvhtrcby they are nude Chrijlians, and it an- 
 fwers to our CircumcifioK.} As foon as the Myjiery 
 was performed, this young Prince, with an allured 
 Countenance, and becoming Gravity, fpoke thus to 
 the Prelate : My Father, J humbly thank you, and 
 fiail be eternally obliged io you : My Par tut j gave tne 
 only an Earthly Craven, but ycu have mads Heir of 
 the Kingdom of Heaven. 
 
 Theri
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 155? 
 
 There were prefent, the Queen, the Princcfs of 
 Cor.He, Cardinal Mcxarini, with diners other Pre- 
 ibr.s of Quality. The whole Aflembly were aftonith'd 
 at the Child's Expreffion, (being but about four 
 Years of Age.) taking it for an Omen of his fu- 
 ture Piety, and extraodinary Adlions. He difco- 
 vers a prompt Wit in all his Difcourfe, ufing but 
 few Words, and thofe very appofite. His whole 
 Deportment is graceful, and fuprizingly regular ; 
 attended with a Difcretion, which is not leok'd for, 
 but from thofe of riper Years. In fine, Nature 
 feems to have fitted him for the Empire to which he 
 is born. 
 
 In the mean Time, as if Infant G-.-i^rnon were 
 now become fafhionable, there are feveral made 
 Bificps and Abbots, while they are yet in the 
 Cradle. This the inferior Clergy fiomach. and the 
 Laity grumble, faying, That there are like to be 
 good Times in France, when thofe who are fty- 
 led The Fathers of the Church are B^L-ies. This 
 is Cardinal Mazarirns Policy, to fatten the Mo- 
 bility to the Interefts of the C -ma, by thus ho- 
 nouring their Children with the principal Dignities 
 of the Church. And, thou wilt fay, he is a wife 
 Man in fo doing, when thou confidereft, how great 
 a Share the Bijhops and other Ecclejiafticks have, in 
 the Wealth of. the Land. And that he could not 
 do the King a better Service, than by difpofmg of 
 thefe Preferments, to fuch as would not only there- 
 by be obliged to Loyalty themfelves, bat would 
 a!;b link the Fztnilus to which they belong, to the 
 Ryal Caufc. 
 
 Thou wilt better comprehend the Policy of this 
 J&r.ifttr, in thus endeavouring to fecure the digni- 
 f id Clergy, when thou weigheit thsir Strength and 
 conffdercft their Numbers. 
 
 There are in France 12 Arcljbijhopricks, 104 Bifoop- 
 ricks ; C:r t -jc;.ts of "the greater Qrdtr $qb,*Conven!fs 
 
 of
 
 160 LETTERS ffrif by, Vol. II. 
 
 of the Lrjfer Order i 2320, Abbies 14,0, Kunnerirf 67, 
 708 Friaries, 259 Seminaries, of the Qtdcr of the 
 Kmgkti of Malta, 27400 Par'iJh-Chunbci Hofpi- 
 tulf q 40, private Chapels or Oratories 9000, To fill 
 all thefe, they reckon 2 26,000 Religious, or Der*vif<n t 
 bcfldes I 30,000 Pari/h-Priejls. 
 
 It has been ufual, to take an Eflimate of the Glo- 
 ry and Riches of a Prince from the Number of his 
 People ; but I would not have thce think the French 
 King the wealthier for this prodigious Number of 
 Devoteit; the greaceft Part of which he has more 
 Reafon to look upon as an Army of Enemies, than 
 Subjects Indeed, the Interell of the Arckbifiops, 
 Bij/,ops, and Parijh Priejli, is twilled with that of 
 the Crown ; but the Monks and Friars are the Crea- 
 tures of the Pope ; and all of them together are not 
 maintained with lefs Colls, than the fourth Part of 
 the Revenufs of France, out of which, in former 
 Times, there went Yearly a Million of Crowns to 
 the Court of Rome, 
 
 I cannot perceive wherein confifb the Policy of 
 cherifriing fo many Nefts of Spiritual Leeches, who 
 fuck the very Blood and Vitals of the Nation : One 
 would think it were Sufficiently drained by the Royal 
 Ctijloms, Taxes, and Impofts. 
 
 Thefe Kings have monopolized all the Salt of 
 the Kingdoms into their own Hands, which they 
 compel their Subjects to buy of them at their own 
 Rates To this End, they have Officers in all 
 Parts, who vend it for them. It looks, as if they 
 took care to preferve th.-ir Subjects from Corruption, 
 and were afraid, left they mould putrefy alive, j 
 there being not a Man in all their Dominions who 
 is not obliged to take the Quantity which the Offi- 
 cers impoie on him, except in fome particular 
 Provinces, which for Reafons of State, or by Trea- 
 ty, are exempted The Revenue which arifes to 
 the King from thii Commodity, amounts to near 
 
 Three
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. i6j 
 
 three Millions of Crowns yearly. He hath eight 
 Millions more coming in by Subfidies, from the 
 Peafants ; beficles many particulars Impoits on Flelh, 
 Wine , and other Commodities. Yet he loft a con- 
 fiderable Part of this Revenues, by farming them out 
 to his Subjects, or mortgaging them in Time of 
 War, for ready Money. He has no lefs than Thirty 
 Thoufand Officers, that are wholly employed in col- 
 lecting his Revenues, whofe Penfions and Salaries'lef- 
 fen the King's Income by above Half; fo that, out 
 of Fourfcore Millions of Crowns, which are yearly 
 fqueezed from the People, fcarce Thirty Millions 
 come entire into the King's Coffers. 
 
 Thou wilt wonder at the Improvidence of thefe 
 Infidel Kings, and at the fame Time condemn their 
 Tyranny and Injuftice, who opprefs, plunder, and 
 ruin thofe that furnifti them with all Necefiaries for 
 h iman Suftenance, to enrich (not themfelves, but) 
 a Company of greedy Caterpillars ; for fuch and no 
 better, are thofe who gather their Revenues. It it 
 not fo in the Sacred Empire of the Ofmans, where 
 Juftice has creeled her Throne, and Opprcfion dares 
 not fliew her Face, 
 
 But the French feem born for Slavery, they bear it 
 fo patiently, without ever afpiring after a Redemp- 
 tion. The Cbrijlians exclaim againft our Janizaries, 
 accufing them of Infolence, Oppreffion, Rapine, 
 and all the Vices to which a licentious Soldiery are 
 ufually addicted ; but thefe are Trifles to what the 
 French Dragoons commit, when quarter 'd upon the 
 poor Country People : They rob them of all they 
 have, practifmg a tkoufand Villanies, to which the 
 Janizaries are wholly Strangers ; Adulteries pafs for 
 (Gallantry with them, and Rapes are counted but the 
 ExcefTes of an immoderate Pafiion ; the Hufhand 
 muft ftand quietly, whilft his Wife is in the Arms 
 of a domineering Heclor ; the Father muft behold 
 his Daughter devoured, without difcovering the 
 
 Icaft
 
 1 5a LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 leaft Regret. Thefe are the Methods by which this 
 People are mortified, and they feem to be ftupid un- 
 der their Calamities, not having Courage enough 
 left to meditate a Rtdrefs, unlefs it be by becoming 
 Soldiers themfelves ; for, of fuch as tiiefe, is the 
 Infantry of Frr.n:e compofed. Hence, it is not to 
 be admired^ that they areefteemed the feeble^, baftft, 
 and moil defpicable Soldiers of any in Europe; fmce 
 r.ot the Purfuit of Honour, nor Love to their Coun- 
 try, induces them to take up Arms, but Defpair of 
 Jiving otherwifc, being reduced to the moft rigorous 
 Extremities on this tide Famine, 
 
 Live thou in the Honour with which God arid our 
 Etxptror have invefted thee, and coiiferve thy Virtue 
 which will raiie thee yet higher. Forget not to 
 have Mfikmut fometimes in thy Thoughts, who 
 loves thee with a true Heart, and ferves thee with 
 Alacrity. 
 
 Paris, 1 5th of the \ ath M:on, 
 of the Tear 1643. 
 
 LETTER XXIV. 
 fTo Egri Boynou, a White Euvacb. 
 
 TH E French Kings fteer their Courfe by other 
 Maxims of Policy, than thofe which' are pra- 
 clifed at the Sublime Port. Jt feems they are not 
 apprehenfive of any ambitious Defigns in the Princes 
 of the Blood ; fmce they not only allow them Liberty 
 but alfo load them with Honours. 
 
 Thoa haft formerly heard me fpeak of Henry the 
 IVth. this King's Grandfather, and of the pailionate 
 Love he bore to Ladies. Among the reft of his 
 
 MHtreJies,
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 163 
 
 Miftrefies, none pofiefs'd a larger Share of his Af- 
 fections, then the Dutebcfs of Beaufort ; by her he 
 had two Sons, the eldeft is call'd Alexander, the 
 other Cttfar. They are both now living, and en- 
 joy great Preferments ; the Firft, being made Grand 
 Prior of the French Knights of Malta, which is a 
 Dignity next to that of a Matter of the Order, who 
 commands the whole JJland. It is obfervable, That 
 this Alexander, during his Father's Life-time, had 
 attained no higher then to be made a Knight ; but, 
 as foon as his Brother Lewis XIII. came to the 
 C'-otvn, he procured him the Honour he now has. 
 The fecond Brother alfo is made Governor of Ere- 
 taigne, and married to the Duke of Merca-uer* 
 Daughter. By which Means, he is become on z 
 of the richeft Peers in Fanes. King Henry had alfo 
 two other Sons, one of his own Name, whom he 
 got on the Marcbionefs of Vcrneniilh ; He is now a 
 Bijk-cp and Abbit, which are confiderable Dignities 
 in the Church. The other Son they call Antoine, 
 vvhofe Mother was the Countefs of Morret. lie alfo 
 is inverted with the like Ecdejiajlical Honours as 
 his Brother Henry. Thefe Four Brothers, though by 
 the French efteem'd as Baitards (becaufe born of the 
 King's Concubines] are neverthelefs entrufted with 
 the Offices and Preferments already mentioned, \vith-i 
 out any Jealoufy that they will be guilty of finiiler 
 Practices to embroil the State, or gain the G-cit-;/. 
 And, if I may fpeak freely, there feems to be more 
 of Humanity and Juilice in this Ceurfe, than in. 
 that cruel Cuftom of our Sultans, who no fooner 
 afcend the Throne, but all their Brethren are imme- 
 diately facriiked to their Sufpicion, and the Ends of 
 State ; or, if they chance to efcape the Boi*. -firing 
 are detainM their whole Life-time in a clofe Imprifon- 
 ment, which is worfe than Death. 
 
 Lewis
 
 164 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 Lew's XIII. has alfo left another Brother behind 
 him, born of the fame Mother as hir (elf. They 
 call him, the Duke of Orleans ; a Man c " a c'aring 
 Spirit, and great Refolution. He \va; but newly 
 come to the Court, having been banifhed for fome 
 Enterprizes againft: his Brother. 
 
 It was the Opinion of the Ft-r- b, That tins Printe 
 would have a Share in the Zwncy, but Lswit 
 would by no Means confent to n. to the Prejudice 
 of his Q^jeen, whom he left '"irely poflHs'd of 
 the Sovtnjgn Power, 'till the yc r.g King comes of 
 Age. However, as yet (he hoi T, a teeming Cor- 
 refpondence with the Duke of Griefs, and the 
 Prince of Conde ; by whofe Mediations, feveral 
 Grandees, who were Prifoners of State, are now 
 releafed, and made their Appearauce at the 
 Court. 
 
 From hence thou mayeil gather, That Things are 
 not managed here with iuch Rigour anu Severity, 
 *s at Cvnjiantincple ; whjre the Commands of our 
 txvmtible Emperors are impetuous, and the Execution 
 fwift. 
 
 7 here is a Bifliop, to \vhom the Qter: -P. . -.-.it feems 
 to be irclin'd. He has the Character of ery good 
 Man, but they fay, he is too fmiply Loneft for a 
 Courtier, and that Ca .-: ra/ Mazarim \vili over-reach 
 him.- However, tha^ Prelate has the Qu.:en\ Ear at 
 prefent, and his Creatures extol him fcr a Man of 
 great Abilities "Pis faid, the Queen has writ to 
 the Pope, defiring a Cardinal** Hat for^ him : And 
 fome whifper, That he will be made the Prime Mi 
 )>ifier t in tne Room of Maxcrit/i. To fpeak mv 
 Sentiments, I \vifh he were ; for there feems n-v. K 
 much Reafon to apprehend fiom his Count-, 
 notable Defign againft the Ottsman Pott, as troi. 
 tliofe of the Cardinal, whom 1 look upon as a 
 Stcotid Riiblieu Here are fc-vcral IntertHs oa 
 foot; the whole Cyurt is divided into Fali 
 
 ons
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 163 
 
 on?, ilriving to undermine and fupplant each 
 other. 
 
 It is not here as in Turkey, where the greateft 
 Bafta's are but the Sudan's Slaves. The Princes of 
 France are equal to Tome SrvtftigA Kings, and upon 
 the leaft Grudge will raife Armies, and give the King 
 Battle, if he does not come to their Terms, anil 
 make a fatisfaftory Competition. Neither dares the 
 King put any of them to Death, for fear of the Peo- 
 ple, who generally take their Part, being greedy of 
 Novelties, and prone to rebel. 
 
 Wouldft thou know, by what Means the Nobility 
 of France arrived te fuch a dangerous Power ? I tell 
 thce, in a Word, The Kings 'themfelves have put a 
 Sword into their Hands, which they fpare not to 
 draw, when thsir Ambition or Difcontent prompts 
 them to it. They are freed from all Tribute and 
 Homage; have the Command of whole Provinces 
 committed to them, in which are great Numbers 
 of wallei Towns, Forts, and Caftles. Thefe great 
 Charges, procure them the Efteem and Veneration 
 of the People living under their Government ; who 
 honour them as Kings, and readily take up Arms in 
 their Vindication. 
 
 The Queen Regent is fearful, left they mould take 
 Advantage of her Son's Minority ; and, under Pre- 
 tence of reforming the State, or ferving the King's 
 Intereft, they ihould involve the Kingdom in Civil 
 Wan. She keeps a ftrift Watch over the Duke 
 of Orleans and obferves the Prince of Conde* 
 Motions : Her Guards are doubled, and me neglefts 
 nothing that may aflUre the Interefts of the 
 
 Cro-ivn. 
 
 Thou, who ftanclcft by the Silent Fountain, 
 and art near the Perfon of the Grand Siwior, 
 think of doing Muhmut fome good Office, who 
 loves cordially, ferves faithfully, and prays Jjer- 
 vently for the Health and long Life of our 
 
 glorious
 
 166 LETTERS Writ by Vbl. II. 
 
 Glorious Sultan, and wifhes thee thy Fill of Happi- 
 nefs. 
 
 Paris, zyth of the icth Mean, 
 of the Tear 1643. 
 
 LETTER XXV. 
 <fo the Captain Bafla. 
 
 HERE are arrived feveral Hundreds of Slaves, 
 who have manumitted themfelves by a bold 
 Adventure; an Exploit, which to give them their 
 due, has fomethings in it of Bravery. The Place of 
 their Captivity was Alxandna; thou knov/eft the 
 Circumflances of that Haven: What Hazards will 
 nor the Defire of Liberty put Men upon ? There 
 were feveral Thoufands of franks in the City, 
 whom the Reftraint and Rigors of Servitude had 
 made weary of their Lives. Among the rtft, a 
 Native of Brabant, who having been bred up in 
 the Art of diflilling frcng Waters, his Patron hi- 
 red him a Shop, furniftung him with all Materials 
 and NecefTaries to profecute his Calling, in hopes of 
 very profitable Return. To this Man's Shop there 
 was a great Refort of all the Franks in the City, by 
 which Means he improved his Trade, ^and thriv'd 
 mightly. He was a bold Fellow, and' took a par- 
 ticular Pride in great Attempts; and though he 
 might have lived very happily, and enriched him-, 
 felf by his own Occupation, yet he had another 
 Sort of Chymifiry to pradtife; being refolved to 
 draw his Fellow Slaves, (who were now become 
 his Cuilomers) oit from the Lees of Defpair, and 
 elevate them to a Refolution of feeking their Free- 
 dom. He often harangu'd them on this Subjecl and 
 
 aflrid
 
 Vol.11, a SP y 'at PA R. i s. 167 
 
 a ftrict Intilligence was held between all the Enpo- 
 pta-t Slaves in that City. At length, it was agreed 
 amongft them to feize a certain Vellel, that lay in 
 the Harbour, and commit themfelves to the Winds 
 and the Waves. This was carried on with fo much 
 Secrecy, and fo dextrous a Conduct, that unf_fpec~led, 
 above Two Thoufand of them got Aboard, and put 
 out to Sea. The Wind favouring them, they iiril 
 arrived at Candia, where they landed fome Hundreds 
 of their Crew ; after this, they touch'd at Malta, 
 where they difpofsd of others ; then, at Livims in 
 Italy ; and latlly came fafe at Marfeillts, where 
 the Remainder came afhore. Thefe are Natives of 
 France, England, Brabant, and Holland, with two 
 Spat.i/b Piirjls. 
 
 The Inhabitans of Paris are very charitable to 
 them, efpecially the Merchants, who traffick in thfc 
 Levant, of which there are great Numbers in this 
 City. The Clergy aifo, have made a Collection for 
 them ; and, 'tis faid, the Queen-Regent has ordered 
 her Alm.ner to diibibute Three Tnoufand Crowns 
 among them. 
 
 They inveigh bitterly againft the MuJJidmans, 
 curfmg our holy Prophet, and thanking thtir good 
 Stars, for thus fortunately redeemng them froni an 
 infupp-rtable Slavery. I cannot fee wherein they 
 merit Blame in all this, it being natural for all 
 Men to covet Liberty ; and to it-joke when they 
 have efcaped any Misfortune. I p/Oteft, i caanot 
 be angry with them in my Heart for any Thing, 
 but the Blofphemies they vomit agaiail the ybf- 
 fenger of God. The relt, are Actions as natural, 
 as to eat and drink. Se!f-Prefer<vation being com- 
 mon to all Animals ; there feems as much Reafon 
 to condemn a Bird that chirps and triumphs when 
 lhe feels her felf upon the Wing, ranging the balmy 
 Air, .being newly releafed from the Cage, as to 
 find Fault with thefe Fellows, for rejoicing that 
 
 they
 
 1 68 LETTERS Writ ly Vol. IL 
 
 they have efcaped *he Confinement and Hardfhips of 
 Captivity. 
 
 However, it is an unpardonable Negleft of the 
 Guards who belong to that City, to futfer thefe //;- 
 fdels thus to give them the Slip. So culpable a Ro- 
 mifsnefs, may coft fome of them their Heads. 
 
 The Great God, whofe Power is manifefted in the 
 Ocean, as well as on the dry Land, furnim thee with 
 as favourable Winds as thefe Fugitives had, when 
 thou faileft to execute the Orders of the Grand 
 Signior. 
 
 Paris, zcth of the nth Moon, 
 of the Tear 1643. 
 
 LETTER XXVI. 
 To Muftapha Guir, an Eunuch Page. 
 
 THIS Court has within thefe three Days put on 
 another Face than it had ever fince the Royal 
 Obfcquies were performed. One would hardly think 
 it the fame, were it not for the Mourning they Hill 
 wear, on the Account of the late King's Death. This 
 is a Formality ufed all over Cbri/Hukm in fuch Cafes 
 and ferves for a Difguife to Hypecrities. The French 
 Grandees make ufe of it to mafque their/everal Poli- 
 tick Defigns They wear Black, the Emblem of 
 Sadnefs, to denote their Grief for the dead Monarch, 
 and yet they feaft and revel, to the End they may 
 fend more of the Royal Blood after him. The Mat- 
 ter I am going to inform thee of, is Tragical in it 
 felf ; and had been worfe, but for the Prevention of 
 Proiidcnu, 
 
 There
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS.- 
 
 Three Days ago, the Princes of the Blood, with 
 divers of the Prime Nob'lity, were invited to a 
 Feaft by the Sheens Order. The Place where 'twas 
 kept, is called the K-iv Caftle. It is needlds for ma 
 to defcuibe the magnificent Entertainment ; thou 
 may 'ft conclude, all Things were performed with 
 great Coil and Majefiy. They banquetted with 
 Wine to Excefs; infbmsch, as the Duke of Orleans, 
 about Midnight, walking through a Gallery, was 
 fo inebriated with the Juice of the Grape, that he 
 fell aileep on a Couch, which Hood about the 
 Middle of the Walk ; he was wrapt in his Cloak, 
 a Garment well known in the Court, by the large 
 Diamond that button'd it before ; but no Body 
 came by that Way, till two Hours afterwards, a 
 certain French Lord, paffing to his Lodging, took 
 Notice of a Man afleep on the Coach, and draw- 
 ing nearer, knew it to be the Duke. Wondering 
 what mould be the Meaning of it, he enquired 
 of the Duke's Page, that flood not far off, who 
 told him, HisMi'fter 'was overcome ixith M^ine. The 
 Lord, not thiukiag it convenient to leave a Prince 
 of the Blood in fuch a Place, at fuch a Time of the 
 Night, caufed his Servants to take him up, and car- 
 ry him to his own Lodgings, who, for the greater 
 Conveniency, left the Cloak behind upon the 
 Couch. As foon as they were gone, the Duke's 
 Page puts on the Cloak, and being alfo tired with 
 watching, la'd himfelf down to ileep. ' he Duke, 
 not Icng after awakes, ai-id cali'd for his Pag?, not 
 knowing where ha was The Servants of the 
 French Lord immediacy ran to the Page, but 
 found him dead upon the Couch, being itabb'd, 
 through the Heart. Thou may'il imagine what a 
 Surprize the whole Court was in," when this Acci- 
 dent was known. Next Morning, ftrict Inquiluion 
 was made into this Affair, but nothing 01 ought 
 to Light; only, 'twas obferved, That, about thr^ o l 
 I Clock
 
 i;o LETTERS Writ by Vol. IL 
 
 Clock in the Morning, an unknown Perfon wasfeen 
 by the dntinels, to be let into Cardinal Mazarini's 
 Apartment. Thi Bufinels was hufli'd up ; yet Peo 
 pie fpare not to v hi f per, Thar the Crrdin^.l was pri- 
 vy to the Murder; adding, Thit the Slow vij given 
 by Mifcsike, the Page being fuppofed to be the 
 L>,tte, as he lay wrapt up in that remarkable Cloak. 
 It is common in thcfe LnjJtl Countries, for gnat 
 J.len to hire Ruffians to execute their Revenue. And 
 thefe Fellows are as prompt and c'exiroui at a pii- 
 vate Murder, as our bluta are to execute tl.e Hea- 
 (ure of the Grt..nd fignior, when he commands them 
 to ill-angle any OfTending B(-:JJa. But they vull 
 have half the Price of their Villany before har.d, 
 
 nd the Rcfidue \\hrn 't;s ace omp limed. Thus is 
 innocent Elood become a Merchandize : They traf- 
 ck for AfTaffinations ; and, a Man cannot call his 
 J ife his own, fince, ac that very Ina'ant it may be 
 b;mght by another. I have not heard, That fuch a 
 detefi^ble Wickednefs has ever been pra^is^d in tl.e 
 Empire of the Mifalmatis, muvh kfi in ;he Sera^/iis 
 of our Sii/ta.is, which are the Mai.funs of Juflicc 
 and Viriue. 
 
 . One ef the Grander of Trance, (whom they call 
 the Duke of Beai;fo,t)> take^ ir.ctffant Fains to find 
 out the Author of this Murder. He is a mortal 
 Fneniy of Cardinal MazaiiKt, ar.d vvOvJd give half 
 tlie Revenue of his Dukedom, could he remove 
 him out of the Kingdom. Ke iuiir.uates \'ery plau- 
 fible Sufpicions in.o the Minds of the Ccunien, to 
 render him odious. He dares not openly accufe 
 him of being acceiTary to the Pagers Death, having 
 no evident Proofs againil him ; but he endeavours to 
 Cieace in all Men a Belief, that he had a Hand in it. 
 He has consulted a Magician, who has iliew'd him. 
 the Figure of the Murderer in a Glafs, and by an- 
 o:her EfFecl of his Enchantments, has prefented him 
 with a Piilure, drr.\vn from the 1.1-gica.l Portraicture 
 
 in
 
 Vol. II. a S P Y at P A R i s. 171 
 
 IB the Glafs, which the Duke had caufed to he imi- 
 tated by the fkilfullft Mailers in France, lending 
 the Copies in great Numbers to all Parts of the 
 Kingdom, with Orders to the Governors of Towns 
 and Cities, efpeciaily fuch as are on the Frontiers 
 and Sea-Coafls, to caufe all Travellers to be brought 
 before them, and confronted with the Pidiure ; 
 that fo ( if poffible ) ths Murderer may be difco* 
 ver'd, who will not fail to be put to all the Tor- 
 tures they can invent; to draw a Confeffion from him, 
 That Cardinal Mazarini bad contrived the Muid<.r cf 
 the Duke of Orleans, tho" ly mift.ike 'twas rxecut:d 
 c.i bis Page. But the Cardinal is even with him, 
 having accufed him to the ^ue^.t, of defigtun^; 19 
 murder him ; whereupon, the Duke is fen t .'nloner 
 to the Ctjlle of the Wood of Fi:'^ennes. This makes 
 the Creatures of Beaufort to murmur, and fay, There 
 is a higher Hand than the Cardinals alone, in the 
 Contrivance of this Murder. Libels are fcatter'd 
 up and down the Streets ; and 'tis faid, That the 
 Gbojl of the Page has been often feen to walk in the 
 Royal Apartments. 
 
 In the mean Time, I \vait all Opportunities to do 
 "the Grand Signior fome effectual btrvice, {hatching 
 every Contingency which may advance the Ott^myn 
 Jntereft. Neither am I forgetful to oblige my 
 Friends. 
 
 The great God preferve thee from untimely Death, 
 and give thec Favour with the Sultan. 
 
 Paris, 3oth cf the I ith Moon, 
 of the Year \ 643 . 
 
 J 2 LETTER
 
 172 LETTERS l\ rit ly Vol. II. 
 LETTER XXV. 
 To Peftcli Hali, his Brother. 
 
 WH E N I wrote laft to thee, I thought I 
 mould have taken a farther Journey than 
 thou ; Jtjla was the defigned, ^ta^e of thy Travel ; 
 but I look'd on my felf at that Time, as bound for 
 another World : And therefore, having no Hopes of 
 ever feeing thee again in this, I g:ve thee a.iolemn 
 Adieu. It is now four Yean fince that Letter was 
 writ, during which, thou haft feen many ftrange 
 Things in the Ei>ft, while I have obfcrv'd ibme Re- 
 markables in the Wejl. Thou art return'd fafe to 
 Cinftaxtinople, and 1 am ftill alive in Paris. I am 
 overjoy 'd to hear I have a Brother living ; I hope 
 thou wilt not be forry that I have hitherto efcaped 
 the Stroke of Death. We Two are the only Survi- 
 ving of all our Race ; let us love one another, as 
 though there were nothing elfe in the World for us 
 to love. As for our Mo her, I know not whether 
 Ihe be on Earth, or in PafaJjfe. I he lalt I .etter me 
 fent me, exprcfs'd her Grief for the Death of her 
 fecond Htfhand, fmce which, Eighteen Mwns are 
 elaps'd, and I have heard nothing of her. I dcfire 
 thee, if thou haft any Tendernefs for Mahmut, to fa- 
 tisfy me whether me is living or dead. Perhaps fhe 
 is married again, and may be removed into fome un- 
 known Country. I am perplex 'd with a 1 houfand 
 Anxieties about her. 
 
 Remember, 1 .hat the Tnl-e to which we belong, 
 was none of the moll obicure in AraHa. Let us 
 imitate the Virtues of our Kindred, without meddling 
 with their Vices ; in fuch a Family, it will not be 
 difficult to find fome good Examples, and fuch as 
 are worthy to be followed. Let us learn Tempe- 
 rance
 
 Vol. IF. a SPY at PARIS. 173 
 
 ranee from one, Prudence from another, Magna- 
 mity from a Third, and the Rules of Piety and 
 Jaftice from them all. This I take to be a proper 
 Method to acquire an Excellency in Virtue, and to 
 root good Habits in us ; it being certain, That pra- 
 ctical Examples have more Influence on Men, than 
 the mod pithy and fage Inductions. Who can re- 
 flect on the incomparable Modefty of Ufep.b, wny 
 Father's Brother, and not be charm'd ? Thou 
 may 'ft remember with how fweet a Grace of 
 Mildnefs and Condefcenfion all his Actions were 
 adorn'd. He was efteem'd the moft polite Man in 
 thofe Parts. From him we may learn to bear In- 
 juries patiently, and not to grow peevim at the 
 Jmpertinencies of the Vulgar : Not to be of a rag- 
 ged Temper, fierce or revengeful, but to be al- 
 ways of an even Deportment, purfuing all Men 
 with Civilities, and good Offices ; the very Nature 
 of which brings its own Reward along with it (if 
 there were no others ; ) the Mind being fed with an 
 inexprefilble Complacency, after fucli generous Per- 
 formances. 
 
 Mehemet Ati> our Kinfman, was a Man of Angular 
 Government and Moderation. He was nether vain- 
 ly Fond of his Friend, nor Humourous or Cold. 
 He rejected Flatterers, and was not concern'd at Slan- 
 derers. He was neither Superfiitious nor Prophane; 
 Liberal without Pride, Frugal without Avarice, and 
 in all Things he carried himfclf with exquifite So- 
 briety and Reafon. . 
 
 Such Men as thefe we ought to fet before us, 
 as Patterns of a good Life ; aad, in following their 
 Steps, we flail nonour the Family from which we 
 defcend. 
 
 In perufmg thy Letter, I find thou haft made 
 
 fome profitab'e Remarks in thy Travils. Thou 
 
 hail been at the Courts of fcveral Great and Jllu- 
 
 flrious Ptinca ; and returneft Home enrich'd with 
 
 I 3 aTrea-
 
 174 LETTERS Writ I) 1 Vol. II, 
 
 a Treafury of Jewels, of a far higher Price th^n 
 Rubies and Diamonds. The Knowledge which thou 
 haft purchaied, is a Merchsndiic for Kir.gs r and will 
 rentier thee acceptable to the Sovereigns of the Earth. 
 Thou haft improved much in a little Time, and (halt 
 reap the Honour and Profit of thy Experience all the 
 Days of thy Life. 
 
 It will be a kind Office, if thou wilt gratify thy 
 Brother with fome of thofe choice Observations 
 thou haft made. I have a particular Dcfire to be 
 inform'd of many Things in the Indies. OurCoufm 
 Jf'.uf is covetcus of his Memoirs ; he will not impart 
 any Thing to me, though he has likewife tiavers'd 
 all the Eaji. I would fain know the Age and Cha- 
 rafler of the prefent Mogul. Here is a Portuguefe in 
 the City, with whom 1 fometimes converfe : He 
 has been at Indhjiax, and fays, That the prefent Em- 
 fercr of that Country is a Man of no great Abili- 
 ties j fa fieri ng his Affairs to be managed by the Con- 
 duel of Women : That he has more than ordinary 
 Familiarity v iih cne of his Daughters ; That he 
 has fear Sons, whom he has made t o-uereigns of Pro- 
 Circes : They are Princes of active Spirits ; and, 
 he fays, 'tis fear'd they will one Day depofe their 
 Father. 
 
 He tells a remarkable Story of the Great MogvTa 
 being once in Danger of his Life ; which, bccaufe it 
 has i\ mctliing in it very extraordinary, I will in brief 
 relate it 10 tiue. f 
 
 It happened that this Prince was riding on one 
 of his Ciltfhanti in the Province of Ca/hetnire, when 
 fuddenly the Beaft grew racing mad, it fecms it is 
 the Nature of thtfe Animals, when they are ftung 
 \viih Luft, at certain Times of the Year, to fall in- 
 to a kind of Phrenzy, which, (if not timely obvia- 
 ted,) will laft forty Days. He, whofe Office it was 
 to manage the Eltpbant, perceiving t,hat the King's 
 Life was in apparent Danger, through the furious 
 
 Humour
 
 Vol.11, a SI?Y at PARTS. 175 
 
 Humour cf the Eeaft, had not Time to fa}- any more 
 to the King, but only thefe Words; There is ixt't&ri 
 only Wc:j taft.veycur Life, that Jfacrijice rt:>nc to tie 
 Elephant:, u.kiib Jfrtel", J? t af4x**ftig(/TfJtiao*j 
 of my loyalty. With "that, He caft himfclf at the 
 ELpkant\ Feet, which immediately took him up 
 with his Trunk, and kill'd him, and fo became pa- 
 cified. The King, aftenimed at fo furprizirrgan Ac- 
 cidint, and to ttftify hisGraiitude for fo unparallel'J 
 a Fidelity, fent for this Man's Son's, and having 
 afic'd them, Whether they could have Refolution 
 enough to follow their Father's Examples in fuch a 
 Cafe, t j which they all anfwering, Thc.t his Majcfty 
 ; gbt fee it immediately ', if be pletfe to gii>e but tke 
 ff'irJ; the King caus'd rich Veits to be beftowedon 
 every one cf them, with other Prefents, and made 
 'em the Ckicf Me fieri of his Elephants, throughout 
 the Empire. The Poriuguefc added, That in Token 
 of Thank fulncfs to Heaven for fe fignal a Preferva- 
 tion, the Emperor gave Royal and Magnificent Alms 
 to all the Poor in that Province, vowing never to 
 ride again on an EUpbant, fince it had cofl him the 
 Life of one of his molt faithful Servants. 
 
 If thoa haft met with any Imtances of fo re- 
 markable a Virtue, infert them in thy Letter ; for, 
 whatever may be in the Eaft, a Man iray live 
 whole Ages in the Wtfiern Pans, before he mall 
 nd fuch unfhaken Fidelity in a Servant. The King 
 Eternal caft an Eye of Favour on thee, and reward 
 thee for the Love thou bearefl to our glorious Sultan. 
 
 Paris, it6h of the l 2th Moon, 
 of the Tear 1643. 
 
 'floe End of the Second Book. 
 
 I 4 LETTERS
 
 LETTERS 
 
 Writ by 
 
 A SPY at PARIS. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 BOOK III. 
 
 LETTER I. 
 
 To Ibrahim Haly Cheik, a Man of ths 
 
 Law. 
 
 H 
 
 ERE is a Man come to this City, if he 
 may be called a Man, who pretends to 
 have lived about thefe Sixteen Hundred 
 Years. They call him the Wandering Jew. 
 But fome fay, He is an Impcftor. He fays of him- 
 felf, Tnat he vas Ufoer of the Divan in 'Jcrufalem, 
 (the Je<vx call it the Court of Judgment) where all 
 Criminal Caufts were try'd, at the Time when 
 Jtfus, the Son of Mary, the Chrijlians Mfflias, was 
 
 con-
 
 Vol. n. a SPY at PARIS. 177 
 
 condemned by Pontius Pilate, the RCIKSIK Prcfidcr.t : 
 Tha* his Name was Micfab dder ; and, that, For 
 thr lifting Jrfas out of the Half, with thefe VVords, 
 Co, u'v tarrirft thoti ? The M ffias nnfvvcr d liim 
 again ; 1 go, but ta>-ry tkou till I ccw: ; thereby 
 condemning him to live till the D^y of yud^mcnt, 
 He pretends to remember the afoffles that lived 
 in thofe Days, and, That he hireifeif was Baptised 
 by one of them : That he has travelled '.hro'.igh all 
 the Regions of the World, and fo mufl continue to be 
 a Vagabond till (he M-Jfiat (hall return again. They 
 fay, That he heals Diltafes, by touching the Party 
 affefled. Divers other Mir acl; i are afcribed to him 
 by the Ignorant and Sxtfrfiitious ; but the Learned, 
 the Noble, and the Great, confute him as a Counter- 
 feit, or a Madman. Yet there are, who affirm, Tha 
 'tis one convincing Argument of the JReality of 
 his Pretence, That he has hitherto efcaped a Pri- 
 fon, efpecially in tht-fe Countries, where the Aa- 
 thours of all Innovations are fcverely punilh'cL He 
 has efcapedthe Inquijttion.tt Rove, in Spdn, and in 
 Portugal, which the \ r ulgar will have to be an evident 
 Mirach. 
 
 Cne Day I had the Curiofity to difcourfe with 
 him in fcveral Languages ; and 1 found him Ma- 
 iler of all thofe that 1 could fpeak. I converfed 
 with him five or fix Hours together in Aralick, 
 He told rr.e, That there was fcarce a true Hiflory 
 to be found. I afked him, What he thought of 
 Mubcmet, the Prcpkit and Laivgivcr of the Mujjul- 
 mans ? He anfwerd, That he knew his Father ve- 
 ry well, and had been often in his Company at 
 Ormut in Perfia ; That M-homct was a Man fall of 
 Light and a Divine Spirit, but had his Errors as 
 well as other Mortals ; and that his chiefeft was, in 
 denying the Crucifxion of the Mtjfias ; for, faid he, 
 / it as then preft.Kt, and fait) Kim bang OH the Crofs, 
 ivith tbtfo Eyes cf mine. He accufolthe Mu^itlwaus 
 
 of
 
 178' LETTERS Writ by Vol. If. 
 
 cf Impofiure, in making the World believe, That the 
 Tomb of their Prophet hangs miraculotifly between 
 Heaven and Earth, faying, That he himfelf had 
 fcen it, and that it was built after the Manner of 
 other Sepulchres. Thou who haft been at the Ihly 
 PLtce, kncweft whether this be falfe or true. He 
 upbraids the Perjian Mahometans with Luxury, the 
 Ottomans with Tyranny -, the Aralians with ~Rvbl'.ry> 
 the Mcors with GWj, and the MtJJulmam of the 
 India with Atleifm : Nor does he fpare to reproach 
 the CLrlfiitn Clurcba: He taxes the Reman and 
 Gr<scic.n with the pcmp'iis Jddctry of the Htctb.ns. 
 He accufes the JEtbicpian with "j'udaifm, the Aimc- 
 nian with tltnf.es ; and fays, That the Frctcjltnfs, 
 if they would live according to their ProfefEon, 
 would be the bed ChrijUats. 
 
 He told me, He was in Re me when Nero fet Fire 
 to the City, and flood triumphing on the Top of a 
 Hill to behold its Flames. 1 hat he faw Salzdirfs 
 Return frcrr, his Corquef.s in the E<Jl, when he csufed 
 his SLirt to be carried on the Top of a Sptar, with 
 thi s Prc clc mnticn ; Si. Ic.tine, Lord cf many rich C<,un- 
 tries, Conqueror of the Eaft, ever --uificii'-us and b?p- < 
 jy, inktn I.e dies, foall hc.<uc t.o itlcr Mimoial lift of 
 all La G Aries, but only this poor SLirt. 
 
 He relates many remarkable FafTages of Solyman 
 tie Magnifccnt, whereof our Hiftories are filent i 
 ar d fays, He was in Conflzr.tir.cfle, when Solyman 
 built that Royal Moftue, which goes by his iMame. 
 He knew fantirldru the ScydLti, and told me, That 
 he was fo call'd, bccaufe he l.altcd witk one Leg. 
 Ke pretends alfo to have b^en acquainted wiih 
 Scanderleg, the Valiant and Fortunate Prince of 
 Epirus* He fecm'd to pity the infupportable Ca- 
 lamity of Bujiz.t t whom he had feen carried a- 
 bout in a Cage by T&merl4nt % s Order. He accufas 
 the Sfjtbian, of too barbarous an Infult on the 
 Unfortunate Sultan. He reinembers the -anciert
 
 Vol. II. tfSpv at PARIS. 
 
 Calif bs of Balyion and Egypt ; the Empire of the 
 Saracens, and, the Wars in the //s/y </. Ke 
 highly extols the Valour and Conduft of the re- 
 nowned Godfrey of Bullcign. He ^ives an accurate 
 Account of the Rife, Progreft, Ellablilhment, and 
 Subverfion of the Mamelukes in Egypt. He lays, 
 he has walh'd himfelf in the two head Springs of 
 the Rivtr Nile, which arile in the moft S.utbrrn 
 Part of Ethiopia. That its Increafe is occasion 'd by 
 the great Rains in jEtbujia, which fwell all the Ri- 
 vers that fall into the Nile, and caufe that vaft Inun- 
 dation, which has fo much puzzled Philofophy to find 
 out the Origin. He fays, That the River Ganges in 
 India, is broader and deeper than the Nile ; That the 
 River Niger in Africa, is langer by fome Hundreds of 
 Miles ; and, That he can remember a Time, when 
 the River 7v7/t- overflowed not till three Months after 
 the ufual Seafon. 
 
 Having profefled himfelf an univerfal Traveller, 
 and that there was no Corner of the Earth where 
 he had not been prefent, I began to comfort my- 
 fclf with the Hopes of foaie News from the Ten 
 Tribes of Ifrael, that were carried into Captivity by 
 SalmanaJTar King of AJjyria, and coald never be 
 heard efface, I aflc'd him feveral Queftions, con- 
 cerning them, but found no fatisfaclory Anfwer. 
 Only i;e told me, That both in dfic., Africa and Ett- 
 rcj.e, he had taken nutice of a Sort of People, who 
 (though not Jews in Profcfiion) yet retained fome 
 Qifira&tri flicks, whereby one might difcover theai :o 
 be defcended of that Nation. 
 
 Jn Livonia, Ruffia, and Finkaul, he had met with 
 People of difiiiift Languages from diet of the Coun- 
 try, having a gieat Mixture of Hebrew Words ; 
 That theie abHained from S wines I'leih, Blood, and 
 Tilings ftrangled That in their Lameatations far 
 the Dead, they always ufed thefe Words, [J 1 ''** 
 Jeru, Mafia Sa/etti."} By which he tlio-Jght, they 
 I 6 called
 
 i8o LET'TERS Writ by Vol.11. 
 
 called to Remembrance Jerufalcm and Dam^feus, 
 thode two famous Cities of Pakftine and Syria. In 
 the Circajffians alfo he had traced fome Footfteps of 
 Judbifm ; their Cuftoms, Manner of Life, Feafts, 
 Marriages, and Sacrifices, being not far removed 
 from the Inftitutions of the Mofaick Law. But, 
 what is meft remarkable, he faid, That he had con- 
 terfed with profeiTed Jews in the North Parts of 
 djia, who never fo much as heard of Jefm, the 
 Son of Mary, or of the Revolutions in Jttdcea after 
 his Death, the Siege and Deftruftion of Jeritfahm, 
 or any other Matters wherewith all Hiftories abound, 
 concerning that Nation. He faid moreover, That 
 thefe Jews had only the Pentateuch, not having 
 heard ef the reft of thofe Books which compofe 
 the greateft Part of the Old Tffic.tncnt ; and, That 
 this Per.tateucb was written in a Sort of Hebrew, 
 far different from that which is now commonly 
 fpoken by the reft of the difrerfed Jews through- 
 out the World. That the Number of thefe Jtws 
 was infinite. And finally, he thought, That thefe, 
 (if any) were the true Poiterity of thofe Tin Caffive 
 Trtfes. 
 
 Having mentioned the Deflruclion of Jcrvfakm, I 
 jffii'd him, W here he was at that Time ? He told me 
 in the Court of Vcfyafian at Rome, and that he had 
 heard the Emperor fay, when he underftocd the 
 Tfnple of Sclomcn was burnt to Aflies, He had >atkir 
 till Rome lad been fit on Fire. Here the o!d Man 
 fell a weeping himfelf, lamenting the Ru^ns of that 
 noble Struclurc, which he defcribtd to me as fa- 
 ir.iliarly, as if he had f.en it but Yciterday. He 
 fays, That Jofipkus wrote partially of the Sediiicus 
 in the City, being related to one of the Chief Ring- 
 Uadnts, whom therefore he fpar'd, being loui 
 to ftain the Reputation cf his CWB Fajnily to all 
 Poflcriry. 
 
 Itdl
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 181 
 
 I tell thcc, Sage Cbcik, if this Man's Pretences be 
 true, he is fo full of choice Memoirs, and has been 
 Witnefs to fo many grand Tranfactipns for the Space 
 of fixteen Centuries of Years, That he may no: un- 
 fitly be call'd, A Lii.'ing Chronology, ihe Proto-Notary 
 of the Chrijliar.s Hegira, or fyincrpal Recorder of that 
 which they efteem the Laft Epocha of the World's 
 Duration. 
 
 By his Looks one would take him for a. Rdick of 
 the Old World, or one of the Leng-livd Fathers be- 
 fore the Flcod. ' To fpeak modeftly, he may pafs 
 for the Younger Brother of Titxe. 
 
 It would be endlefs to te I! ihee how many other 
 Difcourfes we had of his Travels and Memoirs ; till 
 tired with his Company, and judging all to be a 
 Cheat, I took my Leave. 
 
 I tell thee, he fcems to be a Man well vers'd in all 
 Hiftories, a great Traveller, and one that affefts to 
 be counted an extrardinary Perfon. The common 
 People are ready to adore him ; and the very Fear of 
 the Multitude reftrains the Magijlrates from offering 
 any Violence to this Impoftor. 
 
 Live thou in the Exerciie of thy Reafon, which will 
 not permit thee to be feduced into Errors, by the 
 fubtle Infinuations of Men. Continue to love Mah- 
 mut, who honours the* without a Fidion. 
 
 Paris, 4th of the i ft Moon, 
 of the Year I 644. 
 
 LETTER
 
 181 LETTERS Writ /, VoLII; 
 
 LETTER II. 
 $o tbe Seli&ar Aga > or Sword Bearer. 
 
 JEaloufy, the Bane of publick Alliances, as well 
 as of private Friendfhip, has carried the Arms of 
 S--u:edeland into Denmark, at a lime when leait ex- 
 pefted. 
 
 All Europe was alarmed at the News of this fur- 
 friz ng In<vJion ; it being thought that the Swidu 
 had Work enough cut out for them in Germany-. 
 
 However, few could penetrate into the Rcafons 
 which induced them to refpte the Impeiialijls, and 
 at the fame '1 ime carry the War into the Dominions 
 of King Cbrijiian ; who by his Mediation, and other 
 good Offices, between the Gtrman Emperor a;;d that 
 Crown, merited another Kind of Return ihan an 
 Ho/Me Iwajton. 
 
 But the Peace-maker has molt Times a thanklcfs 
 Office. I have fccn a Gentleman endeavouring to 
 part or pacify two of his Friencs, tntountv-ng in 
 the Streets of Paris, and hr. received :he Point of 
 one of their Rapiers in his Heart for his Kindnds. 
 So fared it witn the King ol u^-nrna,*. who was 
 accepted of by both Parties, as Umpire of the 
 Quarrel, and Lad fent his Ami^Jjador to fau*Jt;r t 
 where he treact-d fo (uccefstuily with the Im^eria- 
 liftst that he brought them to Terms very advan- 
 tageous to the -nuedts ; yet the f.iit Overtures of 
 his Mediation gave fo great a Sui^icion to that 
 l\ation, that while :he Damfo AmbaQador was aclually 
 concluding a Peace for trum, tney commence a 
 War, or rather tranilaie it from tl>e Pr&vincts of 
 the Empire to Scania, entering that Coun'.ry with 
 Twelve Ti.oufanJ Men. And, to fatw :ne World 
 they were in earneft, Uiey privately treat with the 
 
 HoUerJtr*
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS, : i 8 3 
 
 Hollanders, to affiit them with a Fleet and Men, which 
 was granted them under the Command of Admiral 
 Martin Tyes. 
 
 At the fame Time, General Turflenfon entered Hoi- 
 Jlcin, where he advanced with admirable Succefs -,. 
 took Kid by Surpiize ; and paffing forward, poffef- 
 fed himfelf of Jutland, driving King Chrijlian into 
 a Corner of his Dominions ; for, now he had only 
 Zealand and Fionia left, which are two I/lands, the 
 former whereof commands the Paflage into the Bal- 
 tick Sea, 
 
 Here the King of Denmark finds himfelf befet 
 with Difficulties and Dangers by Sea and Land ; 
 yet, in regard his greateft Strength lay in his Ship- 
 ping, he wholly applies himfelf to rig and man out 
 a good Fleet. At the fame Time, he informs his 
 Ally of this unjuft War, and made pafiiorrate Com- 
 plaints to the Emperor, for whofe Sake all this befel 
 Kim, imploring his Friendfhip and Aid in fo great 
 a Calamity. The Emperor fends GalaJ/o with Forces, 
 who entering the Territories of Hambugb and Lu- 
 bcck, a League was negotiated between the Emptror 
 ard the Danifo King. But by the Artifices of the 
 Trench and Holland Af&ejjadan at Copenhagen, the 
 King was diffuaded from making an Alliance with 
 the nottft of Auftria. 
 
 However, the Dunkirkers offered King Chrijtian 
 to maintain a confiderabla Flat in the Saund, at 
 their own Charge , which he feemed to accept 
 of. 
 
 All the Minijlcrs endeavour to play their own 
 Game, and abufe the Goodnefs of the unfortunate 
 King. Whilll in the mean Time, he lofes Ground 
 in holjlein ; Genera/ 'To'fter.fon having taken Chrijli- 
 c.nprys, a very ilrong Place. 
 
 What will be the Iffue of thefe Tranfadions, 
 Time will manifeft ; bat were not this King Mailer 
 of an extraordinary Virtue, he would fink under 
 
 fo
 
 184 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 fo many Preffures, being a Man of a Great .Age- 
 But God iupports whom he pleafes. 
 
 Paris, 20 h of the \ft..Moon t 
 of tie Tear 1644. 
 
 LETTER IV. 
 
 &o Gara Haly, the Phyfician at Con- 
 ftautinopic. 
 
 THOU haft feen many in the Arms of Death, 
 wreftling with the Grim Monarch of Shad ow, 
 who by the Privilege of an excellent Conltitution, 
 have difengaged themfelves from his Clutches, and 
 flood at open .Defiance with him for fome Years af- 
 terwards. But I queftion whether thou haft ever 
 known any, whom that Conqueror has once laid in 
 the Duft, that ever recovered again 
 
 In a Village about Half a League from this City, 
 there died a Man (or at leaft he feemed to die) 
 about a Week ago. He was ftretch'd forth into 
 the Poiture fitted for bis Coffin, by the Hands of 
 two Old Women. His Relations and Friends 
 flock'd about his Body, to pray for his Soul, as is 
 the Cuftom of the Cbrijiians. The Houfe was fill'd. 
 with Tears and Sighs, and a mournful Cloud fat on 
 every Brow : He lay thus for the Space of thiny 
 five Hours, dead, in the Sappcfition,of all Jus 
 Family ; when the Watchers, who fat by, were 
 fudtlenly afionifhed to hear him fneeze : They ran 
 away at firft, as People affrighted at fome ghaiily 
 Vifion, and alarmed tj;e whole Neighbourhood with 
 the News. Ptyficiant were fent for, who caufing 
 him to be laid in a warm Bed, and ufing pjoper 
 Applications, he recovered his Senfes, and by De- 
 grees
 
 Vol. IT. * SPY*/ PARIS. 1 85 
 
 grees his Speech : They are in Hopes to reftore him 
 to perfect Health again : He relates to his Vifitants 
 many itrange Things that he has feen and heard du- 
 ring the thirty five Hours that he was thought to be 
 dead. He fays, He has been before the throne 
 of God, and has feen all the Orders of Angels ; that 
 he was commanded to return back again to his Body, 
 to warn Men of the approaching Day of Judgment. . 
 H preaches Repentance and good Works, to all 
 that come near him. Hence it is, that the devouter 
 >ort of People refort to his Houfe in Pilgrimage, 
 eileeming him a Saint. They fay, He has anticipa- 
 ted the General Refurrefiien, to give a frefh Proof of 
 it to this Unbelieving Age, and to evince that it will 
 come to pafs before he fliall quit his Body : He pro- 
 phefies the Converfion of the Jews to be near at 
 Hand, and that the Mujulmans fiiall embrace tha 
 Chrijiian Faith. 
 
 Such as are fond of Novelties, and fuperftitioufly 
 inclined, believe what he fays to be as true as the Al- 
 ccran ; but the Learned impute it all to the Fumes of 
 Melancholy, to which he was always naturally .prone. 
 For my Part, who believe that Mahomet, the McJJen- 
 ger of G<.<!, was the Laft, and Seal of all the ' Pro- 
 phets, I look for none after him ; nor am I credulous 
 of every one, who pretends to a Divine Commiffion. 
 Yet, when I m in Company with fuch as are this 
 Man's Admirers, I talk as they do, and feem what I 
 am not, that I may the better acquit my felf what I 
 really am. Befides, it is not Prudence to provoke the 
 Fury of Bigots, by oppofmg their Sentiments. 
 
 They relate a Story, of a Man who died in this 
 City fome Hundreds of Years ago ; and 'tis upon Re- 
 cord, That this Perfon during his Life-time, vyas 
 efteemed a very holy Man, but after his Death, while 
 they were performing his Funeral Obfequies, and car- 
 rying the Body round the Church in Proccjfion, he 
 fadduily Itarted up from the Bier on which he was 
 
 carried,
 
 l8 LETTERS Writ fa Vol. IT. 
 
 carried, pronouncing thefe Words with an audible 
 Void, I am crrc.igned before the "fitdgmext-Seat of 
 God. All that heard him fpf-ak, were aftonifhed at 
 fo furprizingan Event, and -he Pfiefis, who fang the 
 Hvrxn of Rtfi to his Soul, for a while defiiled. But 
 a^ain, going on with their ProctiTion and Hymns, he 
 a;ofe the fccond Time, ;nd faid alo :d, I am tried at 
 God 1 !) Trifttiuti, 1 h;s put no*her i; top to fhe Solem- 
 nity, till afier fon;e Deliberations, -they refolvtd to 
 proceed a third Time, wl.en he darted up again, and 
 faid, / f.m Condfrnntd ly the Jujl Sentence of God. 
 This put a final Stop to the Funeral Ceremonies. 
 They would no longer chant a^-y? to the &Wpf him*, 
 whcfe dead B&n&rofr, and pronounced Va&Banautl. 
 Ntirher would they bury his Body in Csnf-:crc.t:d 
 Ground, whofe Soul they knew was lodg'd in //>//, 
 by a Voice from (he I ead. There is an O;vr of 
 Der*vifes, GtXke&CartbuJiaKt, who, they fay, a;eafland- 
 ing Monument of the Truth of this P elation. For 
 one B, unc, being touched with Compur ction at fj tre- 
 mendous an Accident, iraniediately fi:rf ;-ok the So- 
 ciety of Men, and led a contemplative Life in exqui- 
 fite Silence, Abflinence, Fafting, and Prayer, enjoin- 
 ing all his Followers to do the like : Who are now 
 fprcad into moft Parts cf Chnjlrndom, having magni- 
 ficent Monalleries, great Immunities, ann areelletu'.ed 
 the/r/ : ^ Orde> of the Rcmc.n Church. They are 
 ferved in the Markets before the King himfclf. If 
 any DC wife of another O/-^rdefires to come into this, 
 he may ; but from this there is no Return. They dig 
 a Part of thsir own Grave every Day, having every 
 one a dl!, and a Garden to himfelf. They converge 
 with one another but once a Week. And if when 
 they are walking into the Clojjlcrs of their Monajlery, 
 they happen to 'py a Stranger, they (cud away into 
 their Cells, as Conies into their Holes, at the Sight 
 of a Dog. They never tafte of Flefh, and are obliged 
 to pray eight Hours out of the four and twenty. 
 
 Thi
 
 Vol. IT. a SPY at PARIS. 187 
 
 This Order has afforded eminent Scholars and 
 Statefmen ; but now 'tis like to have Men of another 
 Character for its Profelytes ; for, finee the Refurrec- 
 tion of this m<w Preset, I mention'd in the Begin- 
 ning of my Letter, the Rabble are all turning Car- 
 tbujtatti. 
 
 Thou who art acquainted with the Nature of Ec- 
 Jlacies and Trancts, wilt know what to judge of this 
 Man's Raptures. The great Cardan co )ld fall into 
 them when hs pleafed ; and I have heard of a learned 
 Mahometan Derwife in the Indies, that had the Art of 
 withdrawing his Soul from the Body, at which Times 
 he beheld divine and celeftial Things, not by Way of 
 Contemplation, bat real Intuition. We mult acknow- 
 ledge thefe to be the Favourites of Heaven, Friends 
 of Nature, and privy to the Secrets of bath Worlds. 
 
 I defire thee to write me fome News of my Friends, 
 for I can hear Nothing from them : Which makes 
 me th ; nk myfelf among the Dead, and quite forgot- 
 ten. Jf thou ftill retained thy wonted Chearfulnefs, 
 them art happy. Sadnefs is the Bane of the Soul, 
 from which, I pray Heaven preferve both thce and 
 me. 
 
 Paris, z6th of. the ift Moon, 
 of the Tear 1644. 
 
 LETTER 

 
 i S8 LETTERS Writ ly Vol. II. 
 LETTER IV. 
 
 To William Vofpel, a Chriftian Reclufc 
 cf Auftria. 
 
 I Am a Cbrijlian as well as thou, and yet I cannot 
 find a Reafon to live after thy Manner. Not, 
 that I reprehend thy Choice, but I confult my 
 own Happinefs. I could willingly embrace a Mo- 
 wsftick Life, were it not for the Vow of Obedience. 
 Thofe of Ci-afiity and Poverty are not fo frightful. 
 But, to be abfolutely refigned to the Will of a Supe- 
 rior (who may be a thoufand Times more vicious 
 than my felf ) is far more irkfome, than to be a 
 Slave in Turkey. There a Man may pave himfelf 
 a Way to many Enjoyments in the Midft of Capti- 
 vity, and fweeten his worfl Condition with the 
 Hopes ef Freedom one Time or other : But here I 
 mull be condemned to an everlafling Servitude, and 
 fuch an one, as renders it a Crime fo much as to 
 think of Pleafure, or dream of a Releafe. I mull 
 be ever confined, to obey one that perhaps is not 
 Mafter of himfelf ; to humour all his Caprices ; 
 to give the Lye to that Senfe and Reafon, with 
 which God and Nature have endued me : To make 
 Black and White, Good and Evil, reciprocal Terms ; 
 though every one knows, they are p^rfecl; Contra- 
 diclions In fine, 1 muft refolve in all Things (not 
 excepting my very Thoughts) to be conducted by 
 him, who, for ought I know? follows no other 
 Guide but his own irregular Fafiions. What will 
 then become of "me, after fuch ;.n unreasonable 
 Forfeiture of my native Liberty ? I will tell thee, 
 in one Word ; from a rational Creature, I fhall 
 be changed to a Brute ; from a Man to a Sot ; 
 and, having now ibuie Sparks of Virtue, I 
 
 fhall
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. i8(? 
 
 ftmll then be made the Rendezvous of all Vice. 
 Think not, that I go about to make thee hate the 
 Manner of Life thou hail chofen : Though I efteem 
 thee miserable, do not judge fo of thy ie!f. Thou 
 mayeft find a great deal of Pleasure in that: R.eflraint, 
 which to me would be the moft intupportable Cala- 
 mity in the World ; and it may be a> eafy for thee 
 to fubmit to the Will of another, as 'tis hard for me 
 to comply with my own I am of fo wave, ing a 
 Conftmuion, that I cannot, without great Difficulty, 
 pleaie my felf ; much Ids could I be able 'o humour 
 the Ext/avagancies of a Soul, different from mine. 
 I have obferved, that mould I follow the Motions of 
 of my own proper Inclination at ail Times, I mould 
 do many I nings whereof I ,might afterwards re- 
 pent : Why may not the Cafe be th fame, or worfe, 
 if I blindly obey the Will of a Stranger ? Am I fure 
 that he is a good Man ? Or, if he be fo ; b-day, 
 how do 1 know but that he may be otherwife To- 
 morrow ? Nay, What Security can be given me, 
 that if be be a ^cint this Hour, he will no: be a De- 
 1/rVthe next ? Since the Temper of a Man varies as 
 often, ana fuffers as many Alterations, as the Ele- 
 ments do, out of which he is compounded : Where 
 then can bctfte Reafon, of giving myfelf wholly up 
 to any Man's Difpofal all my Life-time ? Is it not 
 fufficient to obey the Scve^figH Pi-flute, who com- 
 mands the whole Cbutcb, yet impofes not die Dic- 
 tates ei'his own Will as a Law, but governs all Chri- 
 JJians according to the ancient Traditions, facrctl Ca- 
 nons, and Decrees of the Afoftles, Fathers, and Coun- 
 cils ? Whereas, thofe who preiide over the Convents 
 of the Rn.'vicHs, many Thr.es rule arbitrarily, com- 
 manding their Subjects to do thofe Things, which 
 are diametrically oppofite to the very fundamental 
 Rules of Chrijnamty, and contrary to the Law of 
 Nature. 
 
 The
 
 tpo LETTERS Writ by Vol.11. 
 
 The more I think on't, the greater is my Averfion 
 for this private blind Obedience. 
 
 Thou wilt fay, That a regular Life is the Way to 
 Perfection ; I grant k : But cannot a Man lead a 
 regular Life, unlefs he be immured in a Convent ? 
 Or, be perfect, if his Mind be not fquared to the 
 Retirements of a Chyfier? I will tell thee my Senti- 
 ments freely, and without a Made. The Nature of 
 every Thing is its Perfection ; there are perfect Sin- 
 ners as well as perfect Saints. Thus we fay, fuch an 
 one is a perfect Drunkard, Fornicator, Cheat, Ty- 
 rant, cr the like. I afk thee, Whether this Sort of 
 Perfection may not be (I wiih I could fay, is not too 
 often actually) found within the Walls of a rdigicus 
 Kovfe ? On the other Hand, dolt thou think it im- 
 poffible to find the Perfection of Virtue, in the mix'd 
 Life of th_- World ? Be not a Cynick, nor condemn 
 Things whereof thou haft made no Experiment. Re- 
 member, how many Kings and Queens, Princes and 
 Nobles, have been Canorizedfa* Saints, who, in the 
 midft of ib many Splendors kept their Eyes un- 
 dazzled. Whcfe Ears never let in the Biandimments 
 cf Flatterer?, nor the malicio js Whifpers of the En- 
 vious. Whofe Hands were never polluted with innc- 
 cent Blood, nor their Thirft quench'd with the Tears 
 of Widows and Orphans. But, in all Things they 
 conferved an inviolate Purity, Modefty, and Integrity 
 of Manners Thefe Perfons were perfect in the midft 
 of Imperfections, and regular in the Heighth of hu- 
 man Diibrders, Saint* upon Earth, and <A;igeL among 
 Mas. 
 
 AiTuredly, 'tis not impoffible for a Man (let his 
 Condiiion be whnt it vvili, publick or private, fer- 
 % ile cr free) to conduct himfdf evenly, and by a 
 .Rule, through all the Meanders and Muzes of hu- 
 man Life. I mufl confefs, this is very c'irHc.ilt, 
 and all Men have not that divine Art. Few can 
 
 walk
 
 Vol.11. a SPY at PARIS. ii 
 
 walk on Pinacles, and not make falfe Steps ; fuch is 
 our Life, and happy is he that makes the feweft. Yet 
 there 15 a Dexteruy, with which whofoever is ac- 
 quainted, need net go to a MoHaflwy to enquire the 
 Way to Blifs. 
 
 Thou \vilt perhaps accufe me of too much Blunt- 
 nefs and 1:1 Manners, in thus declaiming agairul that 
 Kind of Life, \vhich t.iou haftentred into. But par- 
 don the Freedom I take with my Friend, and reit 
 fatisfied, That though I afFecl not a rcclufe Life my- 
 felf, yet I honour tnofe, who having once engaged 
 tl.emfelves therein, perfevere with Conftancy ; from 
 which 1 mall never perfuade thee, or any Maa to de- 
 part. 
 
 Paris, I ft of tie id Moon, 
 of the Year 164$. 
 
 LETTER V. 
 To Muftapha, Berber Aga. 
 
 Frtxcb Merchant, lately come from Jfrabin, 
 brings Intelligence, That the Chan of the Uf- 
 uk Tartnis is arrived at that Gity, to crave Aid of 
 tj.e prefent SspLi of Perjja, againft his rebellious 
 Children, %vlio have depoled him, and bereaved him, 
 of one of his Eyes. The Sop/ai has given him a Royal 
 Reception, going himfclf in Perfon abo>.e a League 
 out of the City te meet him, accompanied with all 
 his Nt/blcs. This Gentleman came away before the 
 Tartarian Prince had fucceeded in his Defign. But 
 it was generally fuppofed, that Cba Alb^s would af- 
 fiil hiui with a coaliderabie Army of florjc and Foot, 
 as aifo ;vith Money to carry on the War. 
 
 ThU
 
 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IT. 
 
 This King is not thirteen Years of Age, yet takes 
 upon himfelf the Management of Publick "Affairs. 
 He is addifted to drinking of Wine, a great Lover 
 of Mufick and Women. Of a noble Inclination, 
 yet fomewhat too paffionate. He commanded the 
 Belly of one of his Pages to be ripp'd. up, for break- 
 ing a Cryftal Bafon which he much admired. Yet 
 afterwards, repenting of what he had done, he caufed 
 him to be honourably buried, and a ftately Tomb to 
 be eroded over him. He alfo enquired out fuch of 
 his Kindred as were living, to whom he gave large 
 Penfions. 
 
 There has been little of Aclibn in thefe Parts, fmce 
 the fignal Defeat that was given to the French by the 
 Forces of John de Werdt, and Gtnercl Mercy. Four 
 French Marcjchals were taken Prifoners, with all the 
 chief Officers, Six Thoufand Soldiers, befides their 
 Ammunition and Baggage. 
 
 In this Aftion, 'tis faid, the Spanijh Horfe behaved 
 themfelves very bravely, fpurr'd on with an Ambi- 
 tion to recover the Glory they feem'd to have loft in 
 fo many Battles. They rufh'dinto the French Quar- 
 ters, with a Fury which fo on put them into Diforder, 
 and afterwards difpofed them to quit the Field. 
 
 Before thii Battle began, 'tis faid, There were feen 
 Two Armies of Birds fighting in the Air ; which 
 engaged fo furioufly, that the Ground was covered 
 with their dead Bodies. And, that Morning, when 
 one of the French Martfchals was going out of his 
 Tent, with a Piltol in his Hand, in orcler to try it, 
 the Barrel fplit, and tore his Hand in Pieces. Tf.efe 
 are now look'd upon as Prodigies, and ominous Signs 
 of the Lofs they afterwards fuitained : Bat, had che 
 Victory been on their Side, no Body would have 
 taken Notice of them, 
 
 The
 
 Vol.11. a SPY at PARJS. 1513 
 
 The G0</that gives Vitftory when, and to whom he 
 pleafes, grant, That the Ottoman Arms may be ever 
 iuccefsful againft the Infidels. 
 
 Paris, Z5th of the 2d Moon, 
 of the Year 1 644. 
 
 LETTER IV. 
 
 . 
 
 fo the Vizir Azem, at the Port. 
 
 THOU that art the principal Support of the 
 Qtttmcn Empire, under the Gr^nd Signior, 
 oughteil to be informed of all Things which may 
 either threaten Damage, or promife Affiftance to the 
 Throne which refts on thy Shoulders. 
 
 I pafi away fome of my Time among Seamen, 
 efpecially fuch as fail in the Levc.nt ; their very Breath 
 is a Relief when I am Chamber-fick, or ftifled with 
 the clofe Vapours of Paris. I fancy their Lungs 
 tranfport hither the Breezes of the Mediterranean, or 
 the more wholefome Airs of 4Jia. I talk fo familiarly 
 with them in tfeeir Marine Dialeft, that they fcruple 
 not to take me for a Tarpaulin, and therefore enter- 
 tain me, without Referve, as one of their Crew. 
 
 This very Evening, I was with fome of ihefe Re- 
 tainers to Neptune. Among the reft of tie Drfcourfe 
 I had with the^i, we touched upon the Dardanelles 
 which guard the HclLfpont. They taxed the Cbri- 
 ftian Princes with Cowardice, or unpardonable Neg- 
 ligence, that they have never attempted to force their 
 Paflage through that Channel into the Propontis, 
 and block up the Imperial City by Sea, and fet it 
 on Fire ; efpecially the Royal Seragtio, from whence 
 are iflued out the Decrees of Life and Death to 
 the whole Earth. 
 
 K I told
 
 i$>4 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 I told them, they were rniftakcn in the Strength of 
 thofe Cijtkj, which command ci*at important Ave- 
 nue ; and, That no Ships ever t^urft venture within 
 their Reach without Leave : When one of them 
 ftarted up, and made this Anfwer : .$/>, ive have 
 Vcjfeh impenetrable a Rocks, W&tct dare come to a* 
 Anchor under the WaUs of thofe fupernnnuated Fortt f 
 and defy all the Turkifh Ammunition to remove ut 
 thence. We only -want a Ccinm;Jion frotn our King 
 to try the Exfrimfnt. 
 
 I tell thee, Supreme Miijler, t I found too much 
 Reafon in his Anfwer, to make Room for a Reply. 
 Wherefore, duTe-iibling for awhile the Agony I -.va* 
 in for the Welfare of the Sublime Port, i took my 
 Leave of the Company, and immediately fet Pen to 
 Paper, to let thee know what is in the Hearts of 
 thefe AJUtls. 
 
 I am not vers'd "the Art and Method of Forti- 
 fication . Yet, pardon an Error of Loyalty and Zeal, 
 if J commit it, in propofing to thee the Neceiiity of 
 crafting Platforms all along the oppofite Shores of 
 the Hctitfpont, to ftrike Terror, and prevent the Ene- 
 my from attempting that, whLh in all Probability, 
 would not fail of Succefs. 
 
 Thou that art ..all Wifdom, wilt know how to make 
 a right Ufe of this Hint from the faithful Mat>a*f> 
 who never thinks himfelf happy, but when he does 
 fome acceptable Service to \^jfaiHciHt Swffetfk of 
 the Sea and Land. 
 
 Paris, 1 4th of the zd Meo s 
 tftbe Ttar 1644. 
 
 LETTER
 
 Vol. II. a S p Y at P A R I s. 
 LETTER VII. 
 
 STo Oucoumichc, &j Mother^ at Grand 
 Cairo. 
 
 ' 
 
 THOU may 'ft bstrer imagine than T can express 
 the mighty Joy I felr, when I firft opened 
 thy Letter, and read the Name of her that con- 
 teiv'd me, written by her own Hand ; whereby I 
 am aflur'd that thou art yet alive, and in Health 
 Believe me, it came in a feafonable Time, to refcue 
 me out of a di&nal Melancholy, which had feizad my 
 Spirits. Surely Fete directed thy Pen, and Pro<vi- 
 dente tiirfd the Arrival ef the Veffel, which broj^lu 
 
 (v 
 
 ful Thoughts) the whole World feem'd to me a vaft 
 Wiidernefs or Defart, inhabited only by Beafts of 
 Prey, where the Great and Strong devour thofe whofe 
 Weaknefs cannot arm them in their own Defence. A 
 mere Stage of Tragedies, the Shambles of cruel 
 Butcheries, nd Murderg. In this Figure did my 
 troubled Imagination reprefent the Earth, \* ith all the 
 Race of Adam dwelling upon it. If I could propofe 
 to my felf fuch a 'Filing as a Friend in the World, I 
 know not how long 'twould be, before that very 
 Perfon, whom I had greateft Reafon to efteem as fuch, 
 might prove my mortal Enemy ; of to brittle a Com- 
 
 nfuion i-> the Fidelity of Man. I looked upon my 
 fe not as my own, but altogether lent me ; I 
 elteemed net only Men, but Btfts, and the very ina- 
 nimate Things, my Creditors, for the Permimon I 
 had to breathe. I thonght my felf highly indebted to 
 the Fire, that it did not burn me to Dea'h in my 
 , and no lefs to the Winds, that they did not 
 K z tlow
 
 ip6 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 blow the Houie down where I lodge, and bury me in 
 its Ruins. .For, Where wo -Id be the Injutfice, if any 
 of thofe Elements, which are the ingredients of any 
 Life, ihould become the Inilrumenu of iuy Death ? 
 I confidered, that as I neither made my fe'f, nor 
 knew how I came to be what I am, lo 1 was igno- 
 rant when and by what Means I fhould ceafe to be, 
 Perhaps, I might be ilruck with a Thunderbolt from 
 Kewtn, cr fwailowed up by fome greedy Chtfa in 
 the Earth. A '1 ile from a Houfe, might put a Stop 
 to the Motions of this Machine of FlcfJi, or a Fall 
 frem a Horfe, might break its Ma ftei -String. My 
 prefent Statiai 1 look upon as precarious, fince 
 thofe very Perfos who appointed me this Employ- 
 ment, to ferve one Turn, would not fcruple to take 
 off my Head to ferve another. 
 
 . Jn thefe Melancholy Thoughts was I almoft 
 drowned, when thy Letter came, and ftruck a Light 
 .out of the midft of Darknefs. I am now ready to 
 die with Excefs of Joy, who before was half killed 
 with extreme Sadnefs. 
 
 . But tell me, my dear Mother, Jn the Name of our 
 Holy PropLet, what Motive induced thee to qu'it the 
 wholefoiiie Air of Gretce, for the noiio;ne and pefti- 
 lential Vapours of Egypt ? Is Cairo a ir.ore eligible 
 . Seat than Conjiantiucpie * Or, becaufe tho'u halt loft 
 thy Second Hujbatid, wilt thou be wedded to an in- 
 curable Giief, and think i.o Mourning fufficient, un- 
 lefs thou go in Pilgrimage to his very Grave, thereto 
 diilblve in Tears, and mingle thy fclf with his Ames. 
 He died in Cairo, and is there interr'd; And thou 
 migheft have lived in Sio, or any Part of Gnet, 
 without Blemifhing thy Widowhood. People will 
 fay, Thou aimell at the Fortune of the E^lnfeun Wi- 
 dow, who found a living Hujlard'\\\ the Sepulchre of 
 her dead One ; but I, who know thy Virtue, have 
 ether Thoughts of thee ; yet I cannot approve thy 
 thus becoming Tenant to a Churnel Houie. There- 
 fore,
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 1^7 
 
 fore, the belt Advice I can give thee is, To return to 
 the Imperial City again, to the Company of thy 
 Friends and Acquaintance; or, atlea!t, To return to 
 thy fdf, and be not tranfported with an extravagant 
 Sorrow, for one whom thou (halt never fee a^ain 
 Tears cannot recover the Dead, nor can thy warmeft 
 Sighs infpire him with Breach. He is divoic'd from 
 thee by an irrevocable Law ; and whilft thou art in 
 vain Lamenting for him on Earth, he may be Cel> 
 brating New and Joyful Nuptials in Heaven, being 
 efpoufed to feme of the Beautiful Dtiugbten of Para- 
 dife. Be perfuac'ed then, tr.at he has quke forgot 
 thee, having engaged himfelf in frefh Amours above. 
 That he is in the Arms of fome Swpaffiag Eec.uty of 
 Eden, and that thou hail no more Intereft in him. Let 
 this Confide) ation afTuage thy Grief, cure thy Fond- 
 efs, and make ihce begin to think of another Huf- 
 band. Thofe who make their nrft Vifits to the 
 French Widows, after the ufual Formalities of Con* 
 dolance are over, take the Liberty to tell them, That 
 they muft live fry tJ:e Living, and not by the Deed, 
 This comfortable Proverb is often ufed ; even before 
 the Funeral Solemnities are finiihed ; and thou haft 
 now palicd-away above Two Years fince thy Huf- 
 band's Death in fruitlefs Mourning. Tis Time to 
 coafult thy future Happinefs, and abandoning thy 
 Commerce wkh the D-aa, to become fociable witft 
 the Living. 
 
 The Great C^cc.tor who is Gcdef the Living, anl 
 not of the Dtad, infpire thee to take fuch Meat r s, 
 as may beft comply wkh the Ends for which he made 
 thee ; and repicniui thy Utter Days, with double the 
 Bleflings of the former. 
 
 Paris, 2 id of the 4th Mooa, 
 of the Tear^ 1 644. 
 
 K 3 LETTER
 
 !. STTF7.S Wfby Vol. II. 
 
 LETTER VIII. 
 
 !70MuzIn Rcis Effcndi, Principal Secre- 
 tary of the Ottoman Empire. 
 
 IT is no fmall Satisfaction to me, that fince the 
 Death of Cardinal Rickhtu, I have Parted no 
 afoi.s to app'ehend any Dtfigns in this Cczrt, *-. 
 gainft the Empire of the True Biiuvers TheFreicA 
 ^randect, have pafs'd away a whole Year, without 
 giving naucu Tooble or Alarm to the reft of the 
 World. Every one minds hi$ ownArfairs, and all 
 pu(h forward co get neareft the igutcn Rtgent. The 
 Ivliiundertlanding between her, and the Duke of Cr- 
 lian!) increaus daily. And tkis divides the Cnr. and 
 City into two Factions , Cardinal Maz.a>im fetms to 
 be the Man deitin'd to balance the Authority of both 
 Parties. He fpins his Fortune with as fine a Thread 
 as his Predeceiibrs : being ienfible, that though the 
 Ccurt love liini aot, yet thty canno; fubfift without 
 him. He inherit? the Mcmrirs and lijlrudiom of Car- 
 dinal RicMttu, and his Spirif too, as well as his Mini- 
 ftiy ; being a Mtn cf an invincible Courage, and ex- 
 quifite Forecaft. Tiic grcateH- Enemy he has, is a Lady 
 of theCcw;-/ (for, 1 will notconipa e che iVjaiice of the 
 Duke of Beavfcrt to that of a Woman) they call her 
 Mc'.dam de Chevertux, a Perfon ot a keen Wit, and 
 good judgment; aprofefTed Enemy to all that had any 
 Deptudance on LiiiJindRielheu And I could ne 
 ver karn any other Ground of her Haired 10 Maza- 
 rini, but being the Creature- of that Minijler. 
 
 The late King had conceived an ineconceiveable 
 Averfion for this Lady, fufpecting her to be inftru- 
 Hiental in carrying on a private Correfpondence be- 
 tween his Wife (the now ^ucen-Rcgtnt] .:nd the 
 Spaniards. To avoid the Conieqaences of his Anger 
 * ^ Ihe
 
 W;\ II. a SPY fit PARIS. 
 
 f .c ?:;.! info ^r/-.', but is lately return-, d to this Court. 
 '7 L\ fai ' nc '.^* * received her with all t! e outward 
 tv'Lt-ks o.- AiFection a fuft. br>t fcitlenly grew cold 
 and tfirarr-ra, \\h-.n ihe began to attempt againft 
 Cardinal Mazarini. This maJe the Lady unite her 
 Imerefl with that of the Duke of "Bfuuffrt, who very 
 well matches her in the Imperioufneis of his Temper, 
 and bis Hatred to the Cardinal. They bo'.h agree in 
 their Endeavours to ruin him, but, I believe. theFfc 
 male Persecution to be the moil dangerous. The 
 Duke iia:> made too great % Noii's to do any confuler- 
 ablc Execution on a Man, w'fco has the Wit to conceal 
 JIM Re^entir.enrs, a xi ftrike before he is .perceived. 
 Ii. i Word, the Duke 6 nds hinre'f in a Prifon, while 
 the Cardinal is pv^rv Day more anu rnorc ellablifii'd 
 in the W A Favour. 
 
 In t.-e mean while, I infinuate my felf into all 
 Men's Loiv.pany, from whom I can hope for any 
 IrteMigericc. Amon,ft the reft, I have observed a 
 Counter, who often gnus between the Grandett, ancj 
 feeins to be entrc.it c. wi h great Secrets ; he is ve- 
 ry fj-arin/i cf Worcis, and makes his Shoulders da the 
 O^je of his T^-f/i*. J rave {<Mne{isu:s eater*-! ia 
 to a i)jfcour(e wirn him about the >uetn, the Cardi* 
 ral, and others ; but all his Anfwers are comprized 
 i Italian Rbeteritk, a Shrug and a Grimace. Thh 
 l?nt Language fpraks very efficacioufly to me, and 
 I efteem him worthy to be courted, who knows fe 
 weil how to bridle ins Tongue. 1 ply this Politician 
 every -Day with Addreii'es, and teli him a great deal 
 o- Feigned Nciui, that I may tempt him to utter 
 fome that is True. He is a great PrivaJo of Madam 
 tU CL;<vfrcutt ; often waits on the ^u^en ; fometime* 
 vifits the Ci'.rdinal '; and is every Day conversant with 
 oneorothc of the Nol>let. Ji I can wn this Man, 
 I hope to penc.rate farther into tlie Mjj:t>Us of the 
 
 K 4 This
 
 200 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 The God, form whom nothing is hid, fo difpofe of 
 al! Human Events, That the Empire of the Mv^'ulmant 
 may be eftablifoed, notwithllanding the Cabals and 
 Plots of the 
 
 Paris, 1 6th of the 5th Mcort, 
 of tte Ti.ar 1644. 
 
 LETTER IX. 
 
 2o Signior Lorenzo del' Cafa Bianca, a 
 Geneufe at Marfeilles. 
 
 THOU fendeft me flange and fiwprizing News, 
 that the Malta Gallies have take the Eldefl 
 Son of the Grand Sigwcr, and Heir of the Ottoman 
 Empire, Captive at Sea, as he was failing to Eygpt. 
 
 I tell thce, If fcch a Thing were true, the Grand 
 Signior would not fail to fend a Force, as fhould 
 di up the Vfeiy Foundations of that I/land > and caft 
 it into the Sea. 
 
 . But I can refoltre thee, That there is Nothing more 
 ofTruth in this Story, faving, That about ten yef- 
 fels of the Grand Signior's, bound for Alexandria^ 
 Board of one of \\hich was Sultan Ajefyiptt'i Nurfe, 
 with her Sen, much about the Age of Sultan Maho- 
 met] were taken by fix Gallies of Malta Y whereby the 
 Maltefs were enriched with a great Treafure of Sil- 
 ver Gold and Jewels, befides Slaves. 
 
 This Intelligence I have received from my Corre- 
 pondents at Csnftantinople. Men that are no Stran- 
 gers to the Seraglio, bat fuch as have the Ear of the 
 Prime Vizir. 
 
 They fay, indeed, The Grand Signior took a par- 
 ticular Fancy to this JNarfc's Child, oftea play'd 
 
 with
 
 Vol.11, a Spy at PARIS. 201 
 
 with it, and fcern'd to carefs it with more Com- 
 placency than his own Son, Sultan Mahomet ; which 
 gave fo great a Difguft to the Sttltatiffs, the Mother 
 of Me.bsmet, that l"he procured the Banifhment of 
 the Nude and he? Chiid. who in their Voyage to 
 Alexandria, were taken Caplives by the Maltefe Gal- 
 lies, as has been faid ; and this is the Ground of the 
 Heport. 
 
 However, Sultan Ibrahim is fo exafperated againft 
 the M: Ittfts for this Depredation, that he has fworn 
 by Gad and Mahomet, never to fheath his Sword, till 
 he has revenged the Injury, by laying wafte the 
 I/land, putung the Knights to Death, and leadirg the 
 Inhabitants into Captivity. 
 
 He has vented his Rage already on the Captain 
 Saja, caufing him to be ftrangled, for not guard- 
 ing the iiea, better , and, 'tis faid, he threatens a 
 War with Venice, on the fame Account, becaufe the 
 Maltefe Gallies, after this Piracy, put afhore in Can- 
 dia, where they recruited their Veftels with all ne- 
 ceffiry Piovifions. 
 
 I expected the Silks laft Week, which I wrote for, 
 and the Oil of Calabria. Send them by the firft Op- 
 portunity. 
 
 Pa-is, z8th of the jth Mson, 
 of the Tear 1 64 4.. 
 
 LETTER X. 
 
 To Dgnct Ogtou. 
 
 AL L Europe rings with the Report of the Sul- 
 tans Son being taken Captive by the Malt,fe 
 GaUeys. No doubt, but thou hail heard fuch a 
 K 5 Difcourfe
 
 aoi LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 Difcourfe among the Franks at Conftantinofle ; and 
 thou knoweft the Intrigues of the Seraglio. It is 
 pleafant, that the Kuzlit- 4gas Slave, foould have 
 no Father for her Child ; that he himfelf mould 
 adopt it for his own ; that the Mother of it mould 
 be perferred to be Nurfe to the Sultan Mahomet ; that 
 Suttan Ibrahim fhoald fingle out this fatherlefs Son 
 of an Eunuch, to fport with him, take him in hi 
 Arms, and treat him with all the Endearments that 
 are naturally fhew'd by Parents to their own 
 Children. 
 
 The French Ladies laugh at this Story, and fay, 
 That the Seraglio begins to grow more civilized, and 
 to exchange the &<verity of Conjlantinofle, for the 
 Gallantries of Paris. But let them laagh that win : 
 the Maltefes have moft Reafon to carefs themfelves for 
 their good Fortune in fuch a Prize. 
 
 They fay, the Grand Prior treats his young Cap- 
 tive with a moft profound Attach aad Veneration; 
 imagining he has in Cuilody the Heir of theOttcmw 
 'Engirt j for they know not the true Secret, but are 
 poflcffed with a real .Belief, that young Sultan Maho- 
 i(t is in their Hands. 
 
 Let wkat I have faid, be as the Words of thy 
 Nurfe, when (he prated a thoufand Impertinencies to 
 thee within a Month of ttiy Nativity. In fine, B 
 trufty to thy Friend. 
 
 Paris, loth of the 6th Moon, 
 of the Tear \ 644. 
 
 LETTER
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 203 
 
 LETTER XL 
 
 To the Reis Effendf, Principal Secretary 
 of the Ottoman Empire . 
 
 T T is not unknown at the Divan, how the Prinert 
 _| of Italy have worried one another thefeTwo Years 
 I difpatch'd long ago feme Memoirs of the Feuds 
 between the Ba f>aritti'& and the Dute.of Parma. 
 The Pope upholds the former, making the Quarrel 
 his own, in Defence of the EccUfiafiick State : The 
 Fetiitias, the Grc.nd Duke of 'Tufca->y, the Duke of 
 Medina, with the Punch King, inrereit themlelvcs ia 
 the Caufe of the latter. He is A Prince of an active 
 Spirit, and darts up snd down like Lightning through 
 the Pope's Territories. If he has loft Cajlre y Man- 
 talto, and other Places of Strength in this War, 
 it is but by Way of Exchange; having poffefled 
 himfelf of as confiderable Hoidi belonging to hi* 
 Enemies. Yet, the S^rbar/ni's, flickering them- 
 felves under the Protection of Pope Urban, fcera to 
 triumph, and promiie themfelves an entire Viftory, 
 ufing the Artifices of Superftition, to weaken th 
 Duke's Credit-. And becaufe Come of his Veffel* 
 (which carried above a Thoufand Soldiers) were 
 caft awey, they would perfuade the credulous 
 World, that Hcuven fights againil him. They like- 
 wi:e had c'.efigned to build a Fort and a Bridga 
 over the Ruer I'o, to open a Way to themfelves in- 
 to the Confederates Country, and to Ihut it up to all 
 Invaders of their own ; but were prevented by the 
 Vtniiiaiis, who feat Ten Thoufand Men to flop the 
 Building cf the Bridge, or to demoiilh it, if built 
 . In the mean while the Cenfiiltratcs, though thry 
 ilem'd to efpoule tae 'Dukes Quarrel, ye; trifled 
 K 6 vith
 
 204 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 with him, protra&ing their Affiftance, and difputing 
 about Punctilio's ; every one retraining the Condi- 
 tions of their Friendship, within the Limits that 
 would bell fquare with the Interefl: of their own 
 State. They had all Armies on Foot, but could not 
 agree how to difpofe of them. The Venetians de- 
 rr.anded fuch a Po:t, as might be molt advantageous 
 to the Republick.. The Duke of Tufcany would 
 have the main Body of their Forces fo quartered, as 
 to cover his Dominions. Thus each Party purfued 
 their own Claim, while their Enemies gained Time, 
 and put themfelves in a Pofture, either to march 
 into the Territories of the Conftderata, or. defend 
 the Ecclefiajluk State. 
 
 Certainly, It is fatal to the CkriJHata, to be thus 
 divided among themfelves, even when they have 
 greateft Caufe of Union. Yet, the Duke of Parma, 
 the very Soul of this Confederacy > breaks through all 
 their Demurs and Hefitations, impatient of fruitlefs 
 Delays ; rufties into Ferrara, takes BonJeno, aban- 
 don'd by the Ganifon ; after that La StJlata, a 
 f lace of greater Strength ; but proceeding forward, 
 the Barlurinfs encamp'd not far from Ferrsra, the 
 better to obferve the Progrefs of the Confederates, and 
 fo put a Stop to the Motions of the Duke. He and 
 his Friends had Twenty Thoufand Men in the Field, 
 to which the Venetians, not long after, added Six 
 Thoufand more. They were in different Bodies ; 
 and as they quartered themfelves, fo the Papal Force* 
 remov'd their Camp. Several Skirmilhes palled 
 bet ween them, but n> great Execution done. 
 
 In the mean wh.ie, the ftnttians were not idle 
 by Sea, having feveral Barks and Galiies full of arai'd 
 Men coafting along the Popes Territories. They 
 took five Ports on the Shore ; and piercing far- 
 thtr into die Country, jsade themfci'/es Maflers 
 of Arittxd^ a great Town, .and Jacked CoJsgory, 
 
 p^ttkg 
 * 'A.
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 205 
 
 putting all to the Sword, and laying the Place in 
 Ames. 
 
 On the other Side, the Bar&erin?s feizel on Spilim- 
 berto, yigni<vola, and fome other weakly guarded 
 Towns on the Frontiers of Modcna, and killed Two 
 Hundred of the Confederates, who had inverted Ore- 
 *vala- ore. Cardinal Antonio, on the Pipe's Side, has 
 the Management of the War ; a Man of an afpiring 
 Gen/us, and very fubtle. He, perceiving the Duke 
 of Tufcany incenfed at the late Lofs, had taken the 
 Field, with a confiderabie Army, fends Six Thoufand 
 Men to oppofe him, but they were raw and undif- 
 ciplin'd Soldiers, and could not hinder the Date's 
 Forces from feizing an important Pafs, and reducing 
 the City of Piive, Msnttjectie, Cajli llano dtl Lago, 
 and P: : JJlnic-.no 
 
 While the Sons of War were thus bulled in the 
 Field?, the Agents of Peace were not wanting on 
 all Sides, to accommodate the DiiFerences that tnreat- 
 ned all Italy wilh fatal Confcquences. But, they did 
 no more than ; mufe one another with Ambiguities, 
 Subterfuges, and Evafions ; while the Barber inis 
 fought to gain Time, and draw the King of Spain to 
 countenance their Interelt The Venetians, fenlible 
 of this und^r-hand De-ling, protefted by their Am- 
 baflador at Madrid, Thar they would unite with the 
 French Croivn, if his Catbollck Majfjly (hould by in- 
 diret Ways ftrenglften the faanfarintti, The King, 
 apprehenfr.e of Lcii a League, forbears to meddle ia 
 an Affair which n.ight be ,b injurious to Spain, and 
 jjives Initruclions to his Ambailadors at Rome, and 
 ether C:i>.rti of Italy, to mediate a Peace, which 
 might be advantageous to the CoitfiJifafet. 
 
 The Treaties however -came to nothing, and the 
 Mediators finding themfelves eluded fufper.ded their 
 Necotiations, and gave freih Opportunity to the 
 Men of Arms to play their Parts. Cardinal Antonio 
 alia ;;1 ltd N.'.'iai^ola with Four Thoufand Men, but was 
 
 defeated
 
 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IT. 
 
 defeated by the Venttiom, who flew fevera' Hundreds 
 of his Soldiers, and took Two Hundred Pri oners. 
 Aften this the Confederates pluncicr'd all the Country 
 of Ferrara, and took Verguto, dtferc'ed by Eight 
 Hundred Men. in the Suprizal of B xana, they 
 kill'd above Two Hundred of the Enemy ; and 
 marching forward, took Mont ?r if, Serra<valit, and 
 Other Daces ; while Cardinal Barbarim's Forces, were 
 cut oft" at Butgho St. Stpoichro, where he left eight 
 Cannon, four Petards, with Abundance of Frovitions. 
 
 It wo: Id be an endlefs Tafk, to recount all the 
 Skinsiihes and Battles that have paffed be.wren them. 
 I only inform theeof the moft Remarkable, that thou 
 jnayett infcrc them in the Rtgijler of the Ot-cman 
 Ewp.re. 
 
 To conclude this Letter, it will be worth thy Ob- 
 fervanon, Tht the Pcpe falling fick, and his Death 
 feared, did much conduce to put an End to thefe 
 Differences . For, the Bari>arin?s now being ap- 
 prehenfive of the Advantage his Death would give 
 the Co-njldirate Pnntes, were very forward to em- 
 brace any Overtures of Peace : So that by the Dex- 
 terity of theFrttifb Minifters, it was at laft concluiitd, 
 and all Differences adjjfttd j the Duke of Parm /s 
 Territories being reftored to Jum, the Cenfures of the 
 Church taken off, and the Ecdefiajlick State put in the 
 fame Condi ion it was in at the Beginning of the War. 
 
 I (hall continue to fend thee fuca Intelligence, as 
 may be ierviceable to thee in that eminent Station 
 thou enjoyeft hi the Empire of the 'TrueJSelievin ; 
 and {hall think my felf a very happy Man, if I oia 
 by any Means acquire thy Favour. 
 
 Paris, 2jd of the 6th Mean, 
 af the Tear 1 644. 
 
 LETTER
 
 Vol. II. a S P Y at P A R i s. 207 
 L T T E E R XII. 
 
 To Lubano Abufei Saad, ^Egyptian 
 Knight. 
 
 ON E would think that there were yet fome of 
 the antient Race of Giants on Earth. Here 
 is a Man come to this Court, full tight Foot high, 
 a Finlandtr by Nation ; be looks like fome pwfthu- 
 mous Birth of the Sons of the Titans. He is Mailer of 
 prodigious Strength, and challenges any Two, the 
 Uouteit Men in France, to throw him a Fall. I 
 have feen him take Two Boys of Ten Years of Age, 
 on the Palm of each Hand, and lift them up from 
 the Ground together, with both his Arms ftretch'd out 
 to the fall Length, and walk Sixty Paces with them 
 in this Pofture ; at the End of which Stage, he fet 
 them down again on their Feet, without the lead 
 Violence or Straining. There are none fo hardy, as 
 to accept of his Challenge; for, they know he will 
 not fufter them to come nearer than the Extremity 
 of his Arm. And fuch is the monftrous Strength 
 cf his Hand, 1 hat he will either infallibly throw 
 them down, or ilifle them with his Grafp. He 
 talks of travelling into Turkey ; if he does, I hope 
 he will hare more Difcretion, than to venture with- 
 in the Seraglio, left he incur the Fate of the re- 
 nowned Mufcevite Wreftler, in Sultan Amuratb'* 
 Time. Thou remembreft that Tragedy, which made 
 all the Brave and the Generous condemn Amuratb^ 
 Cruelty, he was a ftout Prince himielf; and, it 
 look'd like Envy in him, to punifh the Efforts of 
 Courage in his S/a<ves, with fo unrelenting a Ri- 
 gor. But he was himfelf a Slave to his Paffions, 
 and Jeaulouf) had the the Predominace in his Temper. 
 That Vice betrayed him to horrid Violences, of 
 
 which
 
 ao8 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 which them art not ignorant, having been privy to fe- 
 veral of his Amours. 
 
 This put Hie in Mind of a Spani/b Cavalier, who 
 had a very Virtuous and Beautiful Wife, which 
 thou wilt fay, are Two rare Companions. He kept 
 a Moor in his Houfe, whom the Lady had one Time 
 caufed to be feverely beaten. The Moor fecretly 
 vowed Rerenge He had an Intrigue, with one of 
 the Lady\ Women, to whom he imparted his Mind. 
 They confpired together, to accufe the Lady of 
 Lightnefs and Infidelity to her Hufband's Bed. The 
 Cavalier, their Matter, was naturally jealous, as ge- 
 nerally are all the Spaniards : Thefe Two poflefled 
 him with a .Belief, that the Gardiner had frequent 
 Accefs to his L dj* Chamber, and undertook to make 
 him an Kye-Witnefs of it. Whereupon, one of 
 them goes privately to the Gardiner, and tells him, 
 that the Lady would fpeak with him ; whilft the 
 other runs to the Lcrd, and bids him moke Hajie ; 
 for that the Gardiner was that Irjlutit ivitb bis 
 Lady. The impatient Ca^c.licr haltens op Stars, 
 and meeting the G< rdincr coming out of the Door 
 of his Chamber, ftabs him to the Heart, withoat 
 any farther Expoftulation; and, rufhing furioufly in- 
 to the Chamber, ferves his Wife in the fame Manner 
 But, coming down again, the Maid, ftruck with 
 Remofe, at fb black an Event, fell down at his Feet, 
 confeflmg her Crime, and declaring , That her Lady 
 was innocenf. The Spaniard, raging mad at a Con- 
 junction of fo many Misfortunes, ftabs the Maid ^A 
 the Nfft-o ; and laft of all, to compleat'the Tragedy y 
 kills himfelf. 
 
 I have often wonder'd, that fome fuch fatal Confe- 
 C] uences did not attend the Jealouly of Sultan dmuratb, 
 He fpated not to rip up the Bellies of his Pages, for 
 the Sake of two or three Melons ; and, 'Tis a Mira- 
 cle, that he did rot facrifice half the Staves of the 
 Siraglio, on the Acceunt of his Mi'Jirefles, 
 
 Thou
 
 Vol. II. a S P Y at P A R i s. 
 
 Thou art now in a better Station, and free from 
 Reftraint. Aft according to Reafon, and let not 
 Paffion byafs thee one Way or other. 
 
 Paris, 5th rf the yth Mosn, 
 of the Tear 1 644. 
 
 LETTER XIII. 
 3o the Kaimacham. 
 
 THOU haft often required an Account of the 
 i Parliament of France, which is the Supreme 
 Court of the Kingdom. Though the Name be known 
 at the Sublime Port, yet the Miniflcrs are unacquaint- 
 ed with the Power and Authority of tiieStnate. 
 
 When it was firft inftituted, ic confifted of twelve 
 Peer i t an hundred Bt/hops, and all the Prims Noti- 
 llty of the Land, who had Power to give Audience 
 to Foreign Ambajjadors, to a jj aft all Differences of 
 the Subjects. In fine, it might then be called the 
 Sovereign Tribunal, from whence there could be no 
 Appeal. Three Foreign Kings have fat as Members 
 or this Court. It was in thofe Days ambulatory, 
 following the King whitherfoever he went; bat- 
 now it is always aflembled. at Paris, in the Palace 
 which Phillip the Fair built for his own DwelHng- 
 Houfe. This Parliament is divided into feven Cham? 
 bers, whereof that which they call the G R E A T 
 CHAMBER,** the Chief. There belong to this 
 Chamber, Seven Prejidents, Twelve Ccunfellors, the 
 King's Cadi, or Attorney, with a great Number ef 
 Advocates, and Wen of the Law. The Prejidents 
 and Counfellors are cloath'd in Scarlet, which Itrikes 
 an awful Reverence into all that approach their 
 Prefence. Some call this, The Gtlden Chamber ; 
 
 and
 
 aio LETT E RS Writ by Vol. IT. 
 
 and well they may, fince tliat glittering Metal is 
 throught to be the Umpire of the moft Caufer that are 
 tryed in fhe Court. He that brings moil Gold, is 
 Aire to have his Bufmefs firft difpafched, and to come 
 off Conqueror. For, as their prcfent Power if little 
 elfe bat a mere Formality, f. is alfo their Juflice. 
 The Kin^s of Franc' have gradually io clipp'd their 
 original Authority, that now they feem to be but the 
 Shadow of their Ancient Scive?. They never pre- 
 tend to meddle with "Eitltf&JUckl Affairs j that was 
 always out of their Jurifdiction. The M-fti of Rotne 
 claims this Prerogati e as his Right. From whence 
 thou may 'ft oblerve, hovv maim d and in r.>erfec"l is 
 the Roya ty of Chriflia* Kings; who cannot punish 
 their own Subjects, if CJer^ytu.-n, withou: he Popts 
 Permiflion Yet, though this Cbcmbtf car. not inod- 
 dle with the Ecclftajlicks, they have a I 3 .Allege to 
 difpofe of the Rtgenry, during the King's Minori') ; 
 as is evident >n the late Qtteen-Motkcr, Mf-->- : ' Jt M,at- 
 tit, and the prtfcnt Arne of Avjlria, who ncre Lx^.h 
 by the Parliament declared Rcgttits. Taer aiib 
 confirm all the King's Eefitii ; neither does he 
 proclaim War without their Confent, or etfabliin any 
 dttiance 
 
 There are alfo befides this, Six other Chamber: of 
 Parliaments, Five whereof, fire called (^atnb rs of 
 ltrf'e/?s, and they confifloi Two PuJidcntSy Twenty 
 Counfellot s, and a convenient NununT of La<nyfrt, 
 The Sixth Ch mbtt\ is a Collection oui of all the 
 reft, and contains no le(s hm T\\o Handred Offi- 
 cers. Htrea31CV;'.7w/ Caufesare try'd , which are 
 cither immediately, or by Appeal', brought before 
 them ; as in tne Cbaitkrv ef Lquejit, coiitroverfies 
 of the Civil Lain are deeded 
 
 It is a pleafant Sight, to fee the Men of the Z./TW 
 all in their Habits , which are very Giorious and 
 Rich. Indeed, all the Ckiz<_-ns of P<.r ; ..>., aic ^x- 
 tremely gallant in their Apparel. Bur, Icanno; be 
 
 recon-
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS, air 
 
 reconciled to their lavifh Cuftom of changing the 
 Fafhion of their Cloaths almoft with every Meoa. 
 
 This Vanity has been forbid in all well-order'd 
 C&mmtrmvra/tes. And, thou knoweft, our Ecjlern 
 People would as foon be ftripp'd of their Skins, as 
 change the Faftion, which ha been in ufe for im- 
 ir.emorable Ages. Here they have no Distinction of 
 Drefs, the Noble and Vulgar, Rich and Poor, go 
 all alike. You cannot difcern a Slave from a Prince 
 by his Garb. 
 
 Par if is divided into four Parts, The City, the Uni- 
 verfcy, the Town, and the Suburbs. It is about Three 
 Leagues in Circuit ; feated advantageoufly enough, 
 but wanting Fortifications. Henry IV. had added 
 fome Strength to it, had he not been apprehenfive of 
 the feditious Humour of the Inhabitants, who in 
 Time might make an ill Ufe of his Kindnefs, and 
 fhut thofe Gates againft him, which he fhould build 
 for their Defence againft a Foreign Enemy, 
 
 The Court is generally at St. Germain en Lay, one 
 ef the King's Royal Manfions, fcattd on the Top of 
 a Mountain, which commands a Profpedt of a large 
 and beautiful Valley. I kavc been there often, that 
 I mighf be the better able to penetrate into the Con- 
 duct of Cardinal Maxarit.i, who is never from the 
 Queen Regent. I have already tanfmitted to the 
 Sublime Port, fuch Intelligence as I could gain of 
 this Great Minifars .Intrigues. I will now enter- 
 tain thee with a Glympfe of this Palace, that there- 
 by thou may 'ft conjecture at the Magnificence of the 
 Kings of France. 
 
 It is divided into Two Part?, the Old and the 
 Nfw. The Former was buiit by Charles I. the Lat- 
 ter by Henry IV. That may boalt of its Antiquity, 
 but this is fo Majefticjc and Coftly a Structure ; as 
 fufficiently demonltrates, That Modern Architect* 
 come not far ihort of the Ancient Romans. The 
 Rooms are all lofty and large, the Roof and Ceiling^ 
 
 admi-
 
 in LETTERS Writ ty Vol. IT. 
 
 admirably contrived and adorned; the whcle confnls 
 offo many Courf , that it rather looks like a Town, 
 than the Sest of one Family. 
 
 But pardon me, lUuftrious Kaimackc.m, if I tell 
 thee, That none of the Kings of the E&ft c;m 
 match this Monarch in the Gardens belonging 10 
 this Palace. I faw there fuch a charming V anety 
 of delightful Objects, as made Art fetm to furpais 
 Nature, and even to out-do it felf. In a Word, 
 the Cbrifiian Princes zrc very ingenious in the 
 Contrivance of their Pleafures, and make all die Ele- 
 ments contribute to their Recreations. Thou haft 
 often feen the artificial Fireworks which are exhi- 
 bited at Coxfioniixcple at cur Fefii'vals, and on all 
 Occaficns of publiekjoy. But, thou haft never be- 
 held fuch JPaffr-Wcrh as are expofed in the Gar- 
 dens of this Palace every Day. There, by the 
 Kere Force of this liquid Element, Inftruments of 
 Mufick arc fet at Work, which afford an Harmony 
 little inferior to the belt Confort in the World ; 
 and, which extrcmly adds to the Pleafare, one 
 may at the fame Time bthold feeming Mujicu-m 
 playing on them, and keeping an exaft Time with 
 their Fingers, on the Keys of Organs, Strings of 
 Viols and Lutes, as if thep weie living Peifons. 
 There you may fee all Manner of Mechanick 
 Trades exercifed by Statues, who do every Thing 
 with a proper Action, and are very eager at their 
 Employments, fo long as the Water gives them 
 Motion ; when that ceafes, they all return to their 
 Primitive Inactivity. From hence you pals to a 
 feerning Sea, with Triton moving on Dolphixs, and 
 founding their Shell-Trumpets before Neptune, who 
 is drawn in a Chariot by Four Tortcifcs. 1 he Story 
 of Perfms and Andromeda, is alfo adled to the Life. 
 by mere Statues. But the moll: ingenious Piece of 
 Workmanfliip, is, Orpheus paying en a Viol, while 
 the Trees move, and Wild Beads dance round 
 
 about
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS, aijj 
 
 about him. This is fo coftly an Invention that, as 
 one of the Q'vtifars of the Water-Wot ks told me, a 
 Str: g of Orfhfufi Viol being broken, coft the late 
 King Ltwis Thirteen Hundred Crowns to repair it 
 again. 
 
 We Mahometans, are apt to value our felves too 
 high, on the Score of our Princes Grandeur. We 
 beait, we i!o rim, and are guilty of a Tho'-ifand 
 Infults, defpiling and putting the rert of Mankind 
 under our Scanfals, as if none of the Ruce of Adam 
 underitood the World but we, or had the Wit and 
 Power to carve out to themfelves the fame Felici- 
 ties we enjoy. The Moncrcbs of the .?/?, flyle 
 themfelves, '1 he only happy Ones, Poffcfors r/ infinite 
 Trecjurfs, Kings of the World, Shadows of Gid, and 
 what not. 1 ne Great Mogul, with his Qmrah\ and 
 Rtjas, pride thernfelves in their Elephants : So do 
 the Kings and Mandarins of China and Torrqtiin. The 
 Sopki of Perjta, fwells at the Sight of his immenfe 
 Treafures of Gold and precious Stones ; glorying, 
 That the very Shoes of his Horfes, are of the moft 
 exalted Metal ; aifo the Mangers wherein they feed, 
 and the Nails whereby they are faitned to the Ground. 
 The Cham of Tartary rejoices in the Multitude 
 and Strength of his Hories, his winged Chariots 
 and Waggons ; and, That when his Armies rife 
 and fit down, the liarth trembles with their Weight 
 and Motion. 'Tis true indeed, the Grand Sigwor, 
 who is the Wiftfi of the Wife, and the Greateft of 
 thefe Sireut O-.es, is not guilty of this Vanity. He 
 is deftin'd by the Lard of the "Umwrfc, to cha- 
 ftife the Follies both of the Esft and the Wejl : 
 Yet, his $la<ves cannot forbear Rbodomontados. I 
 have heard fome of our hurting Ja^ixariis, tell 
 the Gn:eks of Canftantinople and Pera, That the 
 Ryai Seraglio is the moft magnificent Fabrick in 
 the Wor'd ; and, That the Garden belong to 
 it, is a perfeft Tranfcrift of Parudife. Thou wilt 
 
 not
 
 a 1 4 L E T T E R s Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 not approve fuch Brags a theie, when thoa con- 
 fideieft, how expert the hjiddt are in Building ; and 
 that they fpare no Coft to eredl fucii Fxiifices, whofe 
 very Ruins may proclaim to future Agts tne Magni- 
 ficence of their Founders And, as to their Gardens, 
 they are fo Regular and Beautiful, adorned with fo 
 many Delicacies of Nature and Art, that one would 
 think they were made by fomc Traditional Difdplet 
 of Adam \ and, that they had their Rules from the 
 primitive Planner of the World. 
 
 The French King has other Houfesand Gardens of 
 Pleafure round about Paris, where the Ciun inter* 
 changeably divert themfelves during the Summer. 
 
 I hurab.'y kifs the Hem of thy Ve:i, craving thy 
 Protection againft the Malice of my Enemies 
 
 Paris, 1 6th cf the 7th Moon, 
 of the Tear \ 644,. 
 
 LETTER XIV r . 
 
 To the mcfl lllufrious Vizir Azem, at tfo 
 Port. 
 
 S 
 
 Ince the LoiTcs which the German Emperor has re- 
 eieved from the Army of RagovjLi, I am in- 
 formed by Nathan Btn Saddi, 1 'hat the Emperor de- 
 iigns to fend a fplendid Emba/fv , with extraordinary 
 Prefents to the Suftan, in hopes to prevail on hint, 
 not to proteft that Prince. 
 
 Tis true, Rxgotjki is of a violent and changeable 
 Spirit, and therefore great no Confidence ii to be re- 
 pofed in Mini : Yet, I take it to be the In ereft of 
 'the Sultan, rather to win him t>y Offices of Kindnefa 
 aud Friend{h,lp, than to make him his Enemy, by 
 deferring him in this Juadlure. 
 
 K0
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 215 
 
 He is at the Head of a potent and formidable Army, 
 has taken Solnock, Bredcn, Mcrnatx, together whh 
 the ' : rong Caftle of Sen Jar and CaJ/lnjia ; and many 
 other Places of lei's Importance, whereby a Way is 
 laid open for his Army to over ran all Hungary, if 
 afliiled with the Ottoman Forces. Thus will he do 
 the Office, which, they fay, the Jackal} performs to 
 the Liin, that is, To hunt out the Prey, and fecure it 
 for his Mfijfcr and Sever fign. 
 
 Befides, The Fortune of this Prince feems to in- 
 Vite our farther Affiftancc, for he has had great Suc- 
 cefs all along this War; whereas, the Ottoman Forces 
 no fooner appeared oa the Frontiers of Moravia, but 
 Six Thoufand of them were encountred by the Ger- 
 man t, and routed, 
 
 Should the Sultan defert him now, be may be 
 compelled to refign himfelf, with all Tranfyl'vanla^ 
 to the Protection of the Gtrma* Emperor. It is not 
 fefe to run the Rifque of fuch an Brent ; Tranfyl'va- 
 *ia cannot {upport itfelf. Either the Sultan muft 
 continue his i'rotedlion, or the Germans will (bon 
 find the Way to plant their Garrifons in the four 
 Capital Cities, and reduce the whole Country under 
 their Obedience. 
 
 Paris, zyth of the 7th 
 if the Tear 1644. 
 
 LETTER XV. 
 
 2b Afis, Baffa, at the Port. 
 
 JH E Pagant, in painting Fortune blind, difco- 
 vered bat the Dimnefs of their own Sight, 
 twas a double Error, to offer Sacrifice to her, 
 that could not difcern her I'otariei. Vet, in my 
 
 Sentence,
 
 2 16 LETTERS Writ by Vol. Ifc 
 
 Sentence, the Cbrijltans are more to blame, who 
 term her Inconftant, Partial, Bawd, Whore, and 
 what not : Thefe are Prophanations of Providence, 
 and impious Sandals caft on Eternal Dejiiny. For- 
 tune: and Chance, are but Nick names of Fate, fince 
 there is Nothing abiblutely Cafual in the World. 
 They fee the Vir.uau* profecuted, while the Vici- 
 ous infult and flourilli ; and they tax Heaven with 
 unequal Dif e..fation of Rewards and Puiiilhment ; 
 as if with- ifitmrrt t they thought the adorable Nu- 
 men took no Care of Things on this Side the Em- 
 fyrawm, and refted in an eternal Ignorance of Hu- 
 man Affairs, . t-> trjivw I -vif-ai \i*-^K" 
 
 Poub'lefs, .the Infidels are in an 'incurable Error. 
 They pore on the Outfide of common Event: and 
 look no farther ; they .bci.old not the bidder. Chain of 
 Caufes, nor the iwijilie Hand, which difpofes all 
 Contingencies with .admiiable Order and Decorum. 
 Hence it is, That what comes not to pafs but by the 
 Certain De crce. of F<it(i. cppears to th'-le Buzzards, 
 only as an accidental Occurrence, and the mere Ef- 
 fecl of Cbancei :;Tt/O ibrfj ;n-(y 01 r\' 
 
 But thou,.who ar.t infrucled in the "Doftrines of 
 Truth, wilt have other Thoughts of tfcat wnich 
 befel a poor Man, not long nce, in thtfe Parts. 
 This Perfon was charitable to Excels ; for, he gave 
 away all that he had, to relieve the Neceffities of 
 others, chunng rather 10 thro^v hirr.ieif nai^ ed upon 
 'e, fhra'i YC' dcr.'-- an Alms- to rny -one tnat 
 
 afk'd him, T94.ojig ^jl.i.,l;ad,.any. Tl4og to Leftow. 
 Being at lefigfh, by*'- his : conftant Liberalities, re- 
 duced to ,1 very^ indigent Condition, he was forced 
 ' 
 
 to betake himtelf 16 digging for ' his Livelihood. 
 Yet, noLwithilanding he gained his own Bread 
 with hard. Labour, he ceafed not to (hew his wonted 
 JUndneiies to the Poor, giving them whatfbeyer 
 l\e couid poffibly fpare from iiis own N^cdlitfes. 
 One Day, <ts J^e was digging in a Field belonging
 
 Vol. II. SPY a* PAKXI. 217 
 
 to the Duke of Montmorency, he found feveral Ear- 
 then Pots full of Gold, fuppofed to be buried there 
 in the Time of the Civil Wars. The good Man 
 carries this huge Treafure by Degrees home to his 
 Houfe, with all 'maginable Privacy : And, having 
 diftributed the greateft Part of it in Works of Cha- 
 rity, he was going with his laft Referve to the Houfe 
 of a decay 'd Gentleman, to whom he gave a fuffi- 
 cient Sum to repair his {hatter 'd fortunes, being all 
 that he had left : When, as he returned homeward, 
 he found a Jewel in the Highway, which being 
 fold, yielded him Ten Thoufand Crowns. A No- 
 ble Baak for new Liberalities, and a conv lacing 
 Argument, That there was fomething more than 
 Chance which thus ftrangely recruited his Purfe, 
 that it might never ceafe to be opened in Largeffes 
 to the Poor. 
 
 Who will not fay, That Fate had a Hand in the 
 Death of that Soldier, in tlie Duke of A^guicns, 
 Army, who malicioufly and wrongfully ascufed his 
 Comrade of raifmg a Mutiny ? For the incens'd 
 General took a Fufee and discharged it at the in- 
 nocent Perfon, thinking to have kill'd him on the 
 Spot ; but it proved otherwife, the Bullet paffing 
 through fome Part of his Body, and through half 
 a dozen Tents, fmote the Slanderer in the r*an of 
 the Knee, which put him into fo violent a Fever, 
 that he died in two Days : While the other (whom 
 before his Death he confeffed to be innocent) lives 
 yet a Witnefs of thij remarkable Stroke c-f Divine 
 Netntjii 
 
 The Faithful Watchman of the Sublime Pert, 
 Mat nut, falres the with humbleft Obeyfance, and 
 wimes thee in all Tilings a favourable, and benign 
 Deftiny. 
 
 Paris, 1 2th of the 8th Moon, 
 of ths Tear 1641. 
 
 L LETTER
 
 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 LETTER XVI. 
 
 To Nathan Ben Saddi, a Jew, at Vienna. 
 
 Since I came to this City, I have learned the Art 
 of making Watches, which I exercife not for 
 Lucre, but to c mply with a Prccfft of the dlcoran ; 
 wherein alfo I find no fmall Diverfion, it being a Re- 
 lief to Melancholy to be in Aftion. 
 
 Should the Ecclfftaflic^s of the Lat'n Church be 
 made fenfible that I praftife a Mechanicl: Trade, 
 they would think me a Scandal to their Frofeflion, 
 fmce I wear the Habit of a Clerk. They efteem it 
 next door to Sacrilege, for a Gciun-Mnn to conde- 
 fcend to the labours of the Laity. They would pull 
 my Co/ock over my Shoulders, ftiould they catch me 
 in this honeft Crime ; forgetting, that the Primitive 
 Proffjjon of their Re/tgiaus Ordtrs got their Bread by 
 making of Bafiets. 
 
 The Box I fend thee, contains fome of my Mer- 
 chandife ; being defigned as Prefcnts for fome of the 
 Mmijlers of the Pone, and my otliT Friends at Ccn- 
 Jlantinop/e. I deiire thee to take Care in Bending it 
 fafe, that the Watches ma-v receive no Damage by 
 Water. 
 
 ]t is reported here, That the Emperor is fick ; 
 thou wilt do well to inform my of the Truth. I 
 hear alfo , That Prodigies ha\-e been lately feen at 
 Vienna, which the French interpret, as Forerun- 
 ners of his Death, and Signs cfr approaching De- 
 folations in Germany. I am not credulous of all 
 Things, which the Vulgar fay on fuch Occasions , , 
 Yet I cannot deny, but that the Angels who prefide 
 over K:H?d'jms and Empires, ma;-' be the Monitors 
 of Mankind, and by railing unufual Speftac'es in 
 the Elements, may warn Mortals of future Altera-
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. aip 
 
 dons. This was the Opinion alfo of thy Country- 
 man Joffpbut, who fays, That immediately before 
 the Dejiruflion of Jerufalttn, there was a Voice heard 
 in ike : /V^/f of Sdomoa, fuppofed to be uttered by 
 Angels, faying, dnfe f let us go hence ; as if the 
 Guardian Spirits of that City, were then forfaking 
 their Charge. 
 
 In this Place not long ago, were feen three Suns 
 together, cr, at leaft, the Appearance of fo many. 
 This, the Superfitious conftrued as an Omtn of ill 
 Luck : While the Court-Flatterers faid, They repce- 
 fented the Duke of Orleans, the Prince of Concte, and 
 Cardinal Muzarini, \vho have now united their In- 
 terefts, afrer a long Time of AnimouYies and Mif- 
 underftandings. 1 look upon this Apparition to be 
 only a Natttt al Produflion, rcfulting from the Re- 
 flections of the Sun-beams on a bright Cloud. It is 
 eafy to folve fuch Phenomena without a Miracle. 
 Yet fome, I confefs, have the S:amp of a Super- 
 natural Power in their very Front, 1 my (elf once 
 faw two mighty Armies niarfbali'd in the Air, who 
 afted all the bloody Tragedies of War, and made 
 Arabia deaf wii.li the Nolle of their Artillery ; yet, 
 not a Cloud at that Time to be feen : But I remark 'd 
 no Extraordinary Event to follow it. 'Tis hard to 
 trace ihe Omnipotent in fuch myfterious Works, or 
 learn the Drift of Providence. 
 
 I defire thee to ufe the utmoft Diligence, to pene- 
 trate into the Defigns of the Court where thou re- 
 fideft. 'Tis an honourable i'oft, to ferve the 
 Greatfft Monarch in the World. Be faithful and vi- 
 gilant, fo may Go J and. the Grand Signiorhzzp great- 
 er Favours on thee. Adeeu. 
 
 Paris, 2ift of the 8th Moon, 
 of the Tear 1643. 
 
 L 2 LETTER
 
 220 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 LETTER XXVII. 
 
 To Solyman Aga, Chief Eunuch of tie 
 Women. 
 
 I Perceive by thy Letters, that our Heroick Sultan 
 is very induftrious to take ofFthe Scandal of Im- 
 potence, with the i adies at his firft Acceflion to the 
 Tkront faftned on him, having now feen a fourth Son 
 born to him in the Siraglio. The Multitude of Sub- 
 jetts is the Glory of a Monarch, and a flrong Defence 
 in Time of War ; aud the Multitude of the Prince's 
 Children is the Security of his People, both in War 
 and Peace. 
 
 The Sultaa's Adventure, as he was going to Scu- 
 tcri, puts me in mind of an Accident, which befel 
 one of the ancient Kings of Egypt, who, as he 
 was walking in the Ryal Garden at Memphis, efpy'd 
 an Eagle flying toward the Place where he was; at ' 
 which Sight he flood ftill, gazing at the King of 
 Eirds j till at length, the Eagle arriving to that Part 
 of the Air which was over his Head, lets fall a Wo- 
 man's Shooe at his Feet. The King, furprized at 
 this Accident, took up the Shooe j and furveying 
 its exquilite Symmetry and Form, thence took his 
 Meafures of the Lady that had worn it, and fud- 
 denly grew enamoured of the unknown Fair, pro- 
 claiming, through all Egypt, great Rewards to any 
 that could difcover the Owner of that Shooe. At 
 length, a certain Beautiful Courtezan of Naucraiis, 
 named Rbodofe, was proved to be the Miflrefs of 
 it ; who being brought to the King's Prefence, he 
 took her -to his Bed, making her the Partner of his 
 Empire 
 
 This Lady had a much better Fate than the tall 
 Worr.an, with whom Sultan Ibrahim fell 
 
 in
 
 Vol.11, a Spy at PARIS. 121 
 
 in Love on the like Occafiort : For Rbodvpe, after 
 fhe had enjoyed her Honour many Years, at lad died 
 peaceably in her Bed, and was entombed in one of 
 the Pyramids of Egypt : Whereas, thou telleft me, 
 That this Armenian, <oon after her Exaltation to the 
 Sultans Embraces, was ftrangled by the Qucen-Mo- 
 ther\ Command. I tell thee, it was a bold and cruel 
 A& ; and were the Sultan fenfible how flie was mur- 
 der 'd, he would not fpare to vent his Indignation 
 againft her that bare him. 
 
 Parts, ad of the Qth Moon,- 
 rf the Tear 1644. 
 
 LETTER XVIII. 
 Te Dgnet Oglou. 
 
 ONE would think it an eafy Matter for a 
 Strager to conceal himfelf in fo vaft and 
 populous a City as is Paris, efpecially one who 
 makes fo mean and contemptible a Figure, as does 
 the fuppofed Titus of Moldavia. I lutle thought, 
 That the Lowv/s of my Stature, and the Deformity 
 of my Body would have attracted any curious Eyes, 
 but, that my very Halit would have protected me 
 from all Sufpicion ; and, that I might have pafs'd 
 an Age undiscovered, amongft the infinite Crowds 
 of People, who throng both the Houfes and Streets 
 of P(,ns. Yet there are fome critical Moments of 
 our Lives wherein Fate delights to {port with us, 
 to throw Stumbling Blocks in our Way, to entan- 
 gle us in Difficulties and Perils. This is a neceflary 
 Difcipline of Hfa*vin, to rouze Men from the Lees 
 of Security and Confidence in their own Strength 
 and Abilities, and to inttrudl us, That Providence 
 L 3
 
 222 LETTERS Writ ' by Vol. IF. 
 
 alone can extricate us cut of the Labyrinths ive often 
 fall into. 
 
 I was walking yeftmlay before the Great temple 
 of this City, which is dedicated to Mary the Mo- 
 ther of Jtfus. wheii, on a judden, I wa.> accofted 
 (by one \vhom I little imagin'd to have feen in Pa- 
 ris] with thefe Words : Muhmut ! How tame yru 
 ly this Habit ? What mokes ycu in tit's Place ? Are 
 jeu a Chril'ian, or (to you thus tt-'&uife your feffor 
 ether Ends ? Thou may'ft eafily "imagine, what a 
 Terror feizcd me, when 1 knew that he who fpoke 
 to me was my Old Mf.Jler at Palermo, It brought 
 to my Remembrance all the cruel Blows and Stripes 
 I had received during that irkfome Captivity ; and 
 I could aJmoft have fancy 'd my felf ready for the 
 Bajlinado. However, diflembling my Confufion, I 
 anlwer'd brifkly, Sir, you are mijiaken in the Per fan ; 
 my Natne is not Mahmut but Titus. / am a Chriftian 
 and a Cathelick ; if yea are fuch ysurfelf, you have 
 r.o Rcfifn to upbraid tny Habit, face I wear it as a 
 Badge of my Profeffion, being ^'Student, and Candi- 
 date of the Prieilhood. J* 
 
 This Anfwer, inftead of fatisfying him, did but 
 augment his Jcaloufy ; and, being of a Paffionate 
 Temper, he broke out into fierce Language, calling 
 me c Lurk, hjiu<.l t Slave, Drg, and all the ill Names 
 his Fury could iuggeft. He Ipoke fo loud, that it 
 was taken Notice of by the People as they walked 
 by, who began to gather a bo:',t us, to learn the Oc- 
 caficn of fo much Noife. I then condemned myfelf, 
 for not rather owning my felfto him, and inviting 
 him to fome more retired Place, where I might give 
 him an Account of my Circumrtances. I loek'd 
 upon my felf as a dead Man, and would gladly have 
 fuflained feven Years of Servitude again in Sicily, to 
 have been rid of the Fear I was now under, of a 
 more terrible Punishment. 
 
 While
 
 Vol. II. SPY 0f PARIS. 223 
 
 While 1 was in this Confufion of Spirit, thinking 
 of nothing but Racks and Torture?, the Noiieofthe 
 Rabble, \vho flock'd about us, had alarm'd the Peo- 
 ple that were at their Devotions in the. Chinch, who 
 came running out to enquire the Caufe of fuch a 
 Tumult : Areonft the reft a Frtw, eminent for his 
 Learningand Virtues, and who had a partici'lar Efleem 
 and Friendlhip for me, perceiving 'the Matter, came 
 up clofe to me, and taking me by Hand, fpoke 
 aloud thefe Words : Sirs, forbear to irjure a Stranger 
 in the Court of the Mother of God. 1 know this Matt 
 very well, c.ndnuill It refpcnjtble for him j be is a Car 
 tholick Clerk, and Servant of the living God. The 
 RaoDlegave agreatShautat the End of tiiis Harangue; 
 and had not my Sicilian Mailer made a narrow Efcape, 
 they would have endangered to tear him in Pieces. 
 I know not what become of him afterwards, but I 
 attended the friar into the Temple, where we ftaid 
 during the Celebration of their Mafi ; and then he 
 conducted me though the inner Parts of the 'lem- 
 pL; by private Ways into the Lodgings of the Prirjli\ 
 whence we iffu'd out by a Pofl<.ra, and, taking Boat, 
 we crofs'd the River Seine into the Fields. The Friar 
 congratulated my Efcape from the Hands of the Mul- 
 titude ; and I returned him a Tkoufaud Thanks, for 
 lifting me out of the Mire 
 
 Thou leelt, Dtar Friend, that the Arabian Proverb 
 fpeaks not in vain, when it fays, That the Habitation 
 of Danger is on the Borders of Security : And, That a 
 Man nevtr rum greater Hazards, than wben he leajl 
 fears thtm. 
 
 He that turns the Scales of Life and Death, Good 
 and Evil, grant that fome happy Emergency may al- 
 way- arife, to divert the Perils which thou fhalt incur 
 in this uncertain Life. 
 
 Paris, yth *f the 9th Moon, 
 of the Tear 1 644. 
 
 L 4 LETTER
 
 L E T TEK'S Writ by Vol.11. 
 LETTER XIX. 
 To tke Kaimacham. 
 
 THIS Court is now in Mourning for the Death 
 of the chief Mufti, r Pope. And indeed, 
 tliere feems to be more than mere Ceremony in ir, 
 he having all along favoured the Trench Intereft. He 
 bad almoft puffed the twenty fecond Year of .his 
 Pontificate ; \vhich few of the Popes have done fince 
 St. Peter, a Difciple of their Meffias, from whom 
 they pretend to derive their Succ(jjien. Their Hi- 
 fories fay, That this Peter was the Mufti of Rctne 
 five and twenty Years, and that fince him, not one, 
 whether he was eledled Young or Old, has en- 
 joy 'd the Sovereignty fo long. Thofe that have ap- 
 proached oeareft to it, were Adrian I. Sylvejler L 
 and this Urban VIII. who is now dead. It is re- 
 ported, That at the Coronation, the Mafter of the 
 Ctnmsnies, kneeling down, burns Flax before him 
 that is elected, and with a loud Voice, repeats thefe 
 Words thrice : O Holy Father \ tkir.k not yw are to 
 H<ve here as Icng as did St. Peter ; but, let this Flc.me 
 jut you in Mind of the Vanity of the World, and hew 
 faiftly the Glory of it paffis a<way. 
 
 Cardinal Patnpkilio iucceeds him in the Reman 
 Chair, and has given himfelf the Name of Innocent 
 X. it bting the Cuftom always at their Promotion, 
 to afl'uroe the Nsrae of fome Holy Man' (a ftrange 
 Piece of Hypocrify, as if that wasfufficient to attene 
 for their own wicked Lives : ) But none of them 
 has prefumed to take the Name of Peter, out of 
 Refpeft to the Firfi Vicar of Jefus. This Pamphilia 
 is above Threefcore and Twelve Years of Age, by 
 whofe Exaltation, the Family of the Barbariras, to 
 >vhom he was a profefs'd Enemy, begin to fall into 
 
 Difgrace
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 225 
 
 Diigrace. Cardinal d>;totiio, one of the Family is 
 taxed with embezzelling the Treafare of die Church) 
 committed to his Truft. 
 
 He flice to France for Succour , and though he had 
 no great Reafon to exp:t Cardinal Mazarims I- riend- 
 Ihip, having formerly oppofed his Intereft at the 
 Roman Court, in the Time of the late Pope Urban ; 
 yet this Cardinal, by an Excefs of Generofity, has 
 efpoufed his Caufe, and engaged his Mailer, the King 
 of France, in his Quarrel. 
 
 What will be the Iflue of this Contention, Time 
 will evince, But Men begin to talk already, That 
 the King of France will carry a War into Italy , 
 which will make the Walls of Rome itfelf. 
 
 Thus there is no Stability in Human Affairs ; 
 but Time and Providence perpetually flart new 
 Events. 
 
 God grant, That thou may 'ft live to fee the Otto- 
 man Crefcent, on the Top of St. Peter's Church in 
 Rome. 
 
 Paris, 6th of the roth Moon, 
 
 of the Tear 1 644. , 
 
 LETTER XX. 
 
 2o tbe'Vhiv Azem, at tkePort. 
 
 H E great Preparations which Sultan Ibrahim 
 
 is making by Land and Sea, affords a Subject 
 
 of Difcourfe to all Chriftendom ; but adminifters 
 a fpecial Occafion of Jealoufy to the Republick of 
 Venice. 
 
 They look on his declared Intentions to invade 
 
 Malta, only as a Cover or Cloak to his real De- 
 
 figns upon themfclves ; being confirm 'd in their 
 
 L 5 Sufpi*
 
 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 Sufpicion by the Complaints which the Sultan made 
 to Scranzo their Rffidcnt at the Port, whesi he deli- 
 vered himfeif with an Air, that expreffed far deeper 
 Kefentment. than his Words. 
 
 Nor can the artificial Strains of Courtefie which 
 are ufe'd toward the RrJiJext, blind or cancel the ap- 
 parent Afiront and Contempt which he received from 
 (he Kartntocham ; who refilled to give him Audience, 
 after feme Hours Attendance, though at the fame 
 Time, Prince Rr^tjk''s Envoy, was admitted at the 
 firft Word. 
 
 Thefe Conficferations, with others of the like Na- 
 ture, have fnfficiently alarm 'd the Venetians ; fo that 
 they are making all 'the feafonable Preparations that 
 are requifrte, to oppofe the Torrent of the Ottcme.n 
 Fury and Rage, which they apprehend is to be pour- 
 ed on them. This, they perform with all imagina- 
 He Diligence and Secrecy, being neither willing to 
 give a juft Ground of Jealoufy to the Sultan, nor yet 
 to be furprized unprovided. 
 
 There have lately been extraordinary Confulta- 
 tions in the Senate about thefe Affairs, ibme difap- 
 proving thefe warlike Preparations, Others promo- 
 ting them : One Party judging, That a Peace ought 
 rather to be purchafed with a Tender of Gold : A 
 contrary Side pleading, That fuck a Purchafe would 
 be both difhonourable and difadvantageous, fince 
 upon every new Difgnft, the Qttcmans would com- 
 mence, or at leaft, threaten a War, on purpofe to 
 eredl a continual Mart for Peace, the Sale thereof 
 being like to prove fo profitable to them. Among 
 the reft of the Senator i, Signior GritnalJi made an* 
 Oraficf?, of which I have obta ; ued an authentic!* Co- 
 py. And, it fpeaks thus : 
 
 THIS
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PAR is. 227 
 
 HIS Glorious Republick, which has four ij^d 
 fsr fo many Ages, ought not* in my Opinion, 
 to become the Merchandize of upftart Sbtpiirds. ^'Tis 
 needLfs to recount our Original, or wipe off' the an' 
 dent Duft of our primitive Records, that ive may be 
 able to tell the World, kVe are the Reliclu of Troy. 
 ^Tis looibfs to put you in Mind, hovj this moft ftrtne 
 and flQUHJbing State laid her fir ft Found at iota in 
 the Si a, and built her Nt.Jf -in the Floods : 'That the 
 Nereids J*ed to her Shadow : and the reft of the Sea- 
 Gods, evtn Neptune himftlf, courted her Alliance 
 and Pfoieclion. Suffice it to fay, That this Victorious 
 State, thus founded and built, has fpread her Con- 
 qutft* through Iftria, Dahnatia, and Eptrus, ; has an- 
 ncxtd under her t Government Corfu, Cephalcnia, 
 Zant, and Crete, with many other Iflands cf the. 
 Adriatick end Mediterranean Seas ; and, that ihit 
 Virgin Commonweath has pnfcr^d her ftlf unde- 
 faiuered t/x/e tv:i l\;e hundred Tears. In all 'which 
 Time, Jbe never fubmitted to the luftful Tyranny ef 
 any foreign Conqueror. And muft foe no-ic become a 
 ccnj?;:cn Projiitute to Infidels, be bought and fold at 
 any Rate, and pay the price of her civn Silvery ? 
 Has this mojl Auguft Senate, by a long Series of Juc- 
 cfsful IV art, been exalted to the He'ght of Sovereign 
 Povjtr, end is Jhe now to be oraftfj into a bafe and 
 mercenary Peace, the gilded Majk of af-jefl Slavery ? 
 We that have ftemtned the Torrent of Ottoman ~In- 
 vafionsy and rfjijied the PuiJ/lince cf all Afia, muft 
 iv ni-cj pull down our oitjti B^nks, and tamely let 
 the proud infulting Engjny in, paving his Way <wi(h 
 Gold ? Rouze up, my Lords, the ancient Genius of 
 this mighty State, anx-aktti the old Venetian i^ulour ; 
 and, unltfs yoit rcfolve always to bear the Ottoman 
 TCike, nc,<w Jhake it off, and n:ake a War your Choice, 
 rather than your lift Remedy. 
 
 The
 
 228 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 The Eyes of all the Weftern Nations are fixed on 
 this Auguft Aflembly. The Fate of Chriftendom is 
 now in the Scales , it is in your Pmcer alone to turn 
 the doubtful Balance ; it isfro?n your unjbaken Valour, 
 the Chriftian World expecls a Benefit, which Jhall be 
 recorded on the Pillars of Eternity . Suffer not your 
 f elves, Moji Excellent Lords, to be cajoled by the fpe- 
 cicus Pretences of the Ottoman Fox ; but, .confide in 
 yci<r civn lllujlrious Arms, and the *JuJlice of your 
 Caufe, lubicb ivill nttfail to . attract the F^vcurs of 
 Divine Porvidence. Let not thofe Laurels, nubich 
 have been all along fprinkled --u.-ith the Noble Blo:d of 
 your rencnvnid Anceftors, be tamely taken from your 
 Heads, and trampled under the Feet of Infidels. Whom 
 do you fear ? A Man fupinely lull d in <v.ar.tcn P/ea 
 fures ; droijcnd in the loft Delights of his Seraglio ; a 
 fitter Champion for the Field of Venus, than for the 
 blocdy Toils o/"Mars, the harjh Fatigues of War ? But 
 nub at do you dried? The Bugbear ^itle of Grand Sig- 
 nior ! // // in our Power to check his boafted Grand i ur, 
 axdmake himfcnjiblc, The State of Venice has a Sword 
 can match the Turkifh Scymitar. 
 
 Do lut refalw, the Wcrk is half done. I feel al- 
 ready in my Mind blifsful Pnfagts of a Inf.ing Peace, 
 the Ejf'eti if a Juft and Seasonable War, ivhicb is 
 much to be $r(ferrtd to the precarious Truce, (for it 
 ttffir<ves no ottttf Title) ivhich they dejl^n to cheat us 
 'with, in Contemplation of cur Gold ; a Xi uce, <u;bicb 
 tkty nuill break at Pleafure, to ftart mix Grounds of 
 Cenpyition. Ihts, could tve drain the 'Indies dry, 
 i'.'e mtiji r(fund cur Trcefure in the Ottoman Coffers, 
 end uli tjo little to fatiate their Greedy Avarice, and 
 Tyrannous Demands. Thus lucitld the mojt Serene 
 Republick of Venice, Le pan pond to the Divan of 
 Algiers, who kc.*ve already Jbaken off the Turkifh 
 Yoke, retaining irdecd the fct file Name c/* Subjects, but 
 rtfujing the c i nbute they were -.'.-cut to fj. Let i'S xo. f
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 229 
 
 fujfer that Barbarous Little State, thus nolly to af- 
 Jlrt their Liberty, ixbilft t vce refign cur Necks to the 
 Yoke. Our Fleets are numerous, our Soldiers dif- 
 ciplind, our Seamen bold and expert, sur Treafury 
 full of the Nerves of War. Let us be in a Readincfi, 
 and, /^Sultan Ibrahim dares be the firji dggreflbr, 
 then, Beat Drum, Scund Trumpet, and every Man to 
 his PC/?. 
 
 This huffing Harangue of Signior Grimaldt, tho' 
 it met with lorn* Abettors in the Senate, yet the 
 Counfel of the great and wifer Heads prevailed ; 
 which was, To fend Orders to the Venetian Rifidcnt 
 at Conjlantinople, to found the Inclinations of the 
 Sultan, and, if poffible, to make a Pecuniary Accom- 
 modation. 
 
 This Intelligence I received from a Jew, living at 
 Venice ; one whom I confide in. and who gives me 
 a conilant and faithful Account of all the important 
 Occurrences of that State. He is familiar with Giro- 
 lamo Ptijfcrla, and Bernardino Lupulo, Two of the 
 Senators who voted for Peace ; by which Means he 
 can eafily feel the Pulfe of the Venetian State, no- 
 thing of Moment being concealed from him by thefe 
 
 The late Aclion of Giaccmi de Riva, Supravedi- 
 titr ofTino, againft the Ships of Tripoli and Tunis, is 
 interpreted 10 be done altogether in his own Defence. 
 I doubt, not, but it will be otherwife reprefented at 
 the Port ; but, I wifli fome Mens groundlefs Difcon- 
 tents, and the private Interefts of others, bs not im- 
 proved to the iNotion of pnblick Injuries, by theAr- 
 titice of fuce as with not well to the Ottoman Em- 
 pire. 
 
 1 Difcarge my Duty in fending thee the beft Intel- 
 ligence I cari in this Juncture. 
 
 God, the Supreme Monarch of the Univerfe, dif- 
 pofe thefe Overtures, and all other human Events 
 
 to
 
 230 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 to the Exaltation of the Ottoman Empire, and the 
 Propagation of the true Faith. 
 
 Paris, 1 3th of the loth Moon, 
 of the Tear 1 644. 
 
 LETTER XXI. 
 
 fo Mirza Muhammed Efcndi, Vicar 
 the Mufti. 
 
 TH E Jws have afVwvrJ, That, He who breeds 
 not iip bis Sen to feme Trade, make! bun <, 
 And the AralLitis fay, Tht.t an idle Perfon. 
 
 not tip bis Sen to feme Trade, makei him a 7 lief, 
 ~erfo. is the 
 Devil's Play-fdlmv. Therefore, our Holy and Wife 
 
 has commanded all True Believers to 
 excrcife themselves every Day in fome manual Oc- 
 cupation. Nei her is theSuttiAi upon the Throne any 
 more exempted from Obedience to this univerfal 
 Precepts than he who cleans the Streets. The Soul 
 of Man is aclive as Fire; or, to take our Conipa- 
 rifon as the Hebrews do, from another Element,* it 
 can no more ceafe from beii g bufy, than Water 
 can with-hold itfelf from running out of every 
 Hole of a Sieve. Men \vill be always exerting their 
 Faculties one Way or other, and there is no Medium 
 between Good and Evil. Whofoever is not em- 
 ployed in one, muft neceffarily fall into the other. 
 Thefe are the Points to which all the Lines' of Hu- 
 man Actions tend; the Centers where all our Af- 
 fairs meet. But though there be no fuch Thing 
 as a Mediocrity between thefe iwo Extremes, and 
 every Man is within the Circumference either of 
 Virtue or Vice; yet, there are certain Steps and 
 Degrees in e'ach ; ipecil 7 ck Differences alfo, which 
 take tiieir Rile and Proportion from Nature, Mo- 
 rality
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 231 
 
 ralityand Religion. Thus, Human Providence teaches 
 us, of two Evils to chufe the leaft ; while the Divine 
 Oracle inflrutls us, not to ftand npon Niceties and 
 Punflilio's with Virtue, but to pulh. forward till we 
 arrive at an heroick GeRerofity. 
 
 As for me, who ferve the Grand Signior in this 
 S'ation, I am forced to compound with the Law, and 
 capitulate with the ffuerer Precepts of the Alcoran 
 I tell many a Lje, that I may do the more effectual 
 Service to Truth. I am compell'd to deny my Reli- 
 gi'n, that J may prepare a Way for others to propa- 
 gate it. By oblique and remote Fetches of Policy, I 
 acrompli!h (he direct Intentions of Juftice, while I 
 commit little Vices among the Infidels, to introduce 
 great Virtues. Thus, making good the Counfel of 
 the Perfian Philrfopher, That it is necrjjary for him 
 tx:bo would reach his "Journey s End, fame times to go 
 round about . And, thoa knoweft what Encourage- 
 ment has been given me, being allured by the 6'o- 
 <vereign Prelate of oor holy Law, That while I keep 
 in the Orb of my Duty to the Grand Signior, I am 
 eat of the DrozVs Circle. 
 
 If thou would'fl know how I bufy my felf at my 
 Hours of Leifure : I make Watches ; not knowing 
 how be:ter to fpend my vacant Time, than in fra- 
 ming an Inurument whereby I may prec*ive how 
 Time pafi?s away. This little Engine points out each 
 Minute, and mcafures exactly the Succellion of Hours; 
 it keeps pace with Years, yet out runs not Months. 
 Tis the yoxrnnl of the Sun, a faithful Record of 
 his daily Travel through the fleematt. In a Word, 
 'tis the Secretary of Time ; and a compendious Hijto/y 
 of the Fn-Jl-iorn IJJue of Et: rtrity. 
 
 Etiacbim the Jtiv takes iome off my Hands ; and 
 the reft I prefent to the Grandee!, or any Body 
 whom I would oblige. I have fent fome by the 
 Way of View, to the mott Vt-neralh Mufti, aad to 
 thy felf, as a!fo to others of my Friends at the Sub- 
 lime
 
 232. LETTERS JFrit by Vol. II. 
 
 lime Port. They are all fealed up, with Directions 
 to thofe for whom they are defigned. I wifh, that 
 this mean Teftimony of my Duty and Affedlion, may 
 be accepted. And, that my Superiors would from 
 hence conclude, that I am no bad Hufband of my 
 Time. 
 
 The Unchangeable EJfence, who moves all Things, 
 yet is moved of None ; who fets all the Springs and 
 'Wheels of Nature agoing; yet remains Himielf in 
 Eternal Reft ; beholding all Things paft, preient, and 
 to come, with one undivided Glance ; grant, That I 
 may be approved of Heaven, while I obey the Mvfti 
 and his Vicar t on Earth. 
 
 If thou favoureft the Caufe of the Merchant who 
 brings thee this Letter, thou dial t do well. He will 
 inform the* of his Affairs God increafe thy Fe- 
 licity. 
 
 Paris, azd of tke loth Moon, 
 of the Tear 1644. 
 
 LETTER XXII. 
 2o Hali Omrij'BafTa. 
 
 THOU that art exalted from a Page, to one 
 of the higheft Dignities in the Entire, and 
 poileffeft an eminent Share of the Sultans Favcntr, 
 wilt not be difpleafcd if Makmut, whom thou hall 
 formerly honoar'd with thy Friendftiip, puts thee 
 in Mind of fome Qualifications that are reqaillte in 
 a Favourite. I know thy Abilities are great, yet he 
 taat walks on Pinacles, will not refufe the Affift- 
 ance of any kind Hand that offers it, nor tax a Man 
 with Prefumption, for endeavouring to preferve him 
 from a Fall. 
 
 It
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 133 
 
 It will not be fufficient, that thou art very zea- 
 lons to ferve the Sultan, to aggrandize his Honour, 
 and pvop the Imperial Dignity : Nor, That thou 
 art extremely accurate in managing the Affairs com- 
 mitted to thy Charge : That thou art affiduous and 
 extraordinary careful ; not addifted to Recreations 
 and Pleafure. That thou art rigoroufly juft, deaf 
 to Flattery, and inexorable to Bribes ; but in all 
 Things felicitous for thy Sovereign's Intereft and 
 Greatnefs, without any other Byafs, fave that of 
 untainted Loyalty. (All thefe, I'muft confefs, are 
 great Virtues in a Statefman and a Favourite ; yet, 
 they may become Vices, by their Excefs as well as 
 their Defeft, snd he that fleers not his Courfe in 
 the Goldtn Meant may foon precipitate himfelf into 
 Ruin.) But it is alfo neceflary for thee, to have an 
 Eye to the Satisfaction of the Subjedl, as well as to 
 the Prince's Prerogative, It will not be fafe, to im- 
 molate the People's Interefts and Liberties, to the 
 Humours and Laprices of the Sovereign. Neither 
 will he thank or reward thee, for fuch a dangeroas 
 Piece of Zeal. Nay, mould he himfelf command 
 thee to do any Thing which would intrench on their 
 Rights and Privileges, thou oughteft ra:her to mew 
 thy Fidelity, in humble remonftrating to him the ill 
 Confequences of fuch a Proceeding, than by a blind 
 Obedience to betray both him and thy felf to the 
 publick Odium On thee, to be fure, it will fallen, 
 however thy Matter may efcape ; and thou muft fall 
 a Vi&im to appeafe the incens'd Multitude, and fave 
 him harmlefs. 
 
 This was the Cafe of the Duke tTOlvarez, the 
 late Minifler and Favourite of the King of Spain. 
 He was endued with all the foremention'd Virtue* 
 requiiite in a Statefman ; but his immerife Zeal to 
 advance the King's Prerogative, betrayed him to 
 fuch Meafures of Oppreflion and Tyranny, as were 
 the Occalion of his Ruin. 
 
 The
 
 $34 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IT. 
 
 The Spaniards claim certain Franchifes and Immu- 
 nities, which, when granted them, they pay a volun- 
 tary Homage to the Cajiiiutn Ciown. D'O/s<varez 
 fought to bereave them of ihefe their native Cu- 
 ftorm and Liberties, which by degrees gavefo gene- 
 ral a Difguft to that appreiienfive Nation, That they 
 brpke out into an open Rebellion. Hence fprung 
 the Revolt of Catalonia and Rouffilion ; and the to- 
 tal Defection of Portugal. He thought by Rigcr 
 to drive thefc People to Extremes, making them fall 
 into Treafon, and then taking Advantage of tneir 
 Crimes, to make his Matter more abiolute. B.it, 
 theie inr'uredt Courfes never profperetj ; and \ve now 
 fee the Duke of Braganza by this Means, eltabiifhed 
 in the Throne of Portugal, that Kingdom quite -rent 
 from Sptix, and the other Provinces in the fiandi of 
 the French. 
 
 The Spanijh Grandees, fenfible of the Mai Ad- 
 miniftration of the Favourite Duke, grew difgufted, 
 withdrew from the Court, and from their Charges, 
 leaving the King alrnoft deftitute of Attendants at 
 Home, or Officers Abroad ; yet none durft dilco- 
 ver the Grounds of their Difcontent, till tjie Con- 
 ftable of Cajlile broke the Ice on the knowing Oc- 
 cafion. The Conftable is one of the Prime Nobility 
 of Spain, deducing his Pedigree from a Race of 
 Kings. Him had O/i<uurez, made his mortal Enemy, 
 by propofing a Match between a Son of his, and 
 the Conftable's Daughter. This Son, whether natu- 
 ral, or only adopted, is not certainly knxnvn, but 
 he had lived an obfcure and debauched Life, not fo 
 much as taken Notice of, unlefs for his diffolute 
 Manners and enormous Crimes, w hich had once ex- 
 pofcd him to the Sentence of Death, had he not 
 met with better Fortune than he deferved.- Ail the 
 Noblis were highly diigufteJ, when they faw this 
 Prodigal owned by OJi'vat-ez, for his natural Son and 
 Heir, inverted with the higheft Dignities of the King- 
 dom,
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARTS. 235 
 
 dom, and made Mailer of prodigious Riches; efpe- 
 cially, fince he was no Ways worthy of fuch Prefer- 
 ment, retaining ftill his former Vices, and giving 
 every where Proofs of an abjel and bafe(r\;j, To 
 fee fuch an one made Prcfidant of the Indies, and at 
 the Heighth of Honour, in a fair Way to fueceed the 
 Duke in the Minifiry, irritated the whole Court, and 
 drove the Cvnjlakle ofCa/li/e to Impatience. He ut- 
 terly refufes the Match, difiiainingthat his Daughter 
 fhould be linked to fach an Upftart; he remonftrates 
 to the King, the exorbitant Ambition of O/ivarez. 
 In nne, being feconded by other Lords of the Court, 
 and by Letters from the German Emperor, he fo far 
 prevailed on the King, That his Eyes began to be 
 opened, and he now clearly faw, That all the Diforders 
 of the Government bw'd their Origin to the ill Con- 
 dudl of QH'varcz. Wherefore, taking the Advice of 
 his faithful Counfcllors, he banifh'd him the Court, 
 deprived him of all Authority, confined him firft to 
 a Place not far from Madrid, and afterwards to Tkoro, 
 a City in Old Co/hie. 
 
 Thus fell that great Minifter, through his own 
 Ambition to rife ; feekingby unwarrantable Methods 
 to fecure his Matter's Favour, he incurred the Heighth 
 of his Difpleafure, and brought upon his own Head 
 an irrecoverable J)ifgrace and Ruin. 
 
 I fend thee this Example, as a Teftimony of my 
 Friendihip. and Fidelity ; and, that thon may 'ft in- 
 form the Divan of the true Grounds of this Man's 
 Misfortune. The King has now taken the Reins of 
 Government into his own Hands, tho' 'tis thought 
 too late. 
 
 I with thee an Increafe of Virtues and Happinefs, 
 and that thj/ Moderation may keep thee itedfalt in the 
 Sultan's Favour. 
 
 Paris 4th of the I ith Moon, 
 cf the Taar 1644. 
 
 LETTER
 
 236 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 LETTER XXIII. 
 
 To Dgnet Oglou. 
 
 IT is, thou knoweft, a cor.fiderable Time fmce I 
 was Love fmi:ten with tl e beautiful Duria, who 
 was fair as an Angel, and diicreet above any mortal 
 Creature. It's hard to fay, Whether the Beauty of 
 her Mind, or that of her Body, ftruck deeper! Impref- 
 fion on rny Soul. How long were the Nights and 
 how fhort my Slumbers, and what a general Di- 
 ftra&ion of Thoughts was I in ! I co ild MO: abk'e 
 my Chamber, and when I went out, no other Places 
 could pleaJe me. I knew not what I faid or tno.-gnt, 
 whither I dream'd or was really awake, flood or fate, 
 went backwards or forwards, all Poftures and Places 
 being alike, feeing none of them could afford me the 
 Relief I fought after 
 
 I imagined no lefs, but that I muft thus languifh 
 on ; yet I find, That Time and Abfence have, at 
 length, made Way for Reafon. Marvel not, dear 
 Oglou, I have fuffered thefe Traniports. Our Paf- 
 fioris are not in our Power : We cannot love, and 
 iate, when, and whom we pleafe. There i? a Con- 
 formity of Blood, wherein tne Stars, they lay, work 
 Wonders. 'Tis true, no Man can love and be wife 
 at the fame Time ; but, prithee, teli me, Did'it ever 
 know any Wife Man, who was not, on? Time or 
 other, in Love ? Remember thine own Paflion for the 
 fame Objeft, which will make thee the eafier to ex- 
 ci.fe mine. I'll tell thee a Story, which I have fome- 
 where read ; which, if it does not palliate, yet will 
 not aggravate my Weaknefs. 
 
 A certain Countryman having left his dfi, came 
 to the Mufzirr, or dryer, dcfiring him to give No- 
 tice at the Door of one of their Mcfqua ; which lie 
 
 did
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 237 
 
 did for three feveral Feftivals. But no News being 
 heard of the Animal, the Owner urged the Mitezin to 
 continue his fotmer Proclamations, with the Reward 
 of a fat Pig to the Finder. The Muezin being an 
 Arch- Wag, and tir'd with the Fellow's Importunity, 
 one Day, when the Ceremonies of tktflT fxperftitinti 
 Woifhip was ended, and People flock'd amain out of 
 the Mofque, he made this following Proclamation : 
 If there oe any Mati here among ft you, iuho ivill come 
 for.'b, and foLrnnly profefs, He newer ivas in Love, he 
 JhalL have a fat Pig. 
 
 An ungainly, loobily Fellow^ who was leaning 
 liftning on "his Staff, bawl'd out, That he could fafely. 
 take bis Oath, be c wai the Per/on ivbo bad never been 
 in Love. Whereupon the Muezin taking him by 
 the Sleeve, prefents him to the Country-man, faying, 
 Here Friend, I ha<ve found your Afs, the Pig is mine. 
 
 Rejoice with me for the Recovery of my Liberty, 
 and believe an experienced Man, when he tells thee, 
 That a Man's Love to his Friend, tho 1 it be not fo 
 violent and ftrong as that to his Miitrefs, yet is more 
 foiid and lafling. 
 
 Paris 1 2th of the 1 1 th Moon, 
 of the Tear 1 644. 
 
 LETTER XXIV. 
 To the Invincible Vizir Azcm, at the Port. 
 
 Since Thou, who art the Centre and Source of 
 all Dignity, haft drawn back one Ray of Ho- 
 nour into liy felf, whofe Emanation before made 
 fome of thy Slaves Illuilrious, with the Title and 
 Power of C&ptain Baffa : Since thou thy felf, I fay 
 who art always Generalijfimo by Land, vouchfafeit 
 
 alfo
 
 LETTERS Writ by Vol. If. 
 
 alfo at this Juncture to become BaJJa of the Sea ; I 
 \vifh that both Elements may prove propitious to thee, 
 and Fate crown thy Arms with the Heighth of Suc- 
 cefs. May the King of the Waters proclaim a Kiji- 
 rc.um where ever thou failefl, and may the Winds pay 
 Homage to the Banner of the Ottoman Empire, In 
 a Word, may yielding Waves and timely Gales con- 
 vey thee fafe and prosperous to Venice, and may For- 
 tune always attend that Courage, which never forfook 
 thee when thy Matter's Honour lay at S;ake. 
 
 The Empire of the Oftnans it highly obliged to 
 Providence, for fuch a valiant and experienc'd Lea- 
 der of their Armies. There is nee*d of the Refolu- 
 tion of Alexander the Great to encounter with all the 
 formidable Difficulties and Hazards of this War. 
 Thou art not marching againft the foft and efteme- 
 nate Perjiam, Men drown'd in the luxurious De- 
 baucheries of Ajia, and enervated by continual Vo- 
 luptuoufnefs : But, thou muft combat with the fierce 
 Rafctans, hardy Servians, the valiant Inhabitants of 
 Drimana and Ijiria, Men inur'd to Toils and Fa- 
 tigues, and fteeled in Blood and Slaughter. 1 tell 
 thee, There is no State in the World that takes 
 more Care to breed her Subjedls up in all the Dif- 
 cipline of War, than this Rtpubluk. Thou haft 
 heard of the famous Arftnalof Venice ; wilt thoa be- 
 lieve what Adcnai the Jftn has told me, concerning 
 that Nurfery of War ? He is newly come from 
 thence, and fays, That this Arfenat alone is half a 
 League in Circuit ; that there is but one' Gate and 
 Channel into it, by which their Veflels pafs in 
 and out ; That in this Place, as in a Seminary, are 
 bred up an infinite Numder of Slaves, who are a 
 little Commonwealth by themfelves. Some of thefe 
 are employ'd all the Year round, in making Gallics 
 Galliafles, Pinnaces, Brigantines, and other 'hip- 
 ping, with all Materials belonging to them, as Mafts, 
 Oars, &'c. Others make Bullets, Chains, Anchors, 
 
 Cannon,
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 
 
 Cannon, and all kinds of Artillery. A third Sort are 
 bufied in making Ropes, Sails, Shrouds, and fuch 
 like Naval Implements. 
 
 He fays moreover, That in this Magazine are con- 
 tained 40,000 Piftols ; 200.000 Daggers; 60,000 Par- 
 tizans ; Javelins 100,000; Crols-Bows 30,000; 
 Long-Bows 50,000 ; with 500,000 Swords; Muf- 
 quets 200,000; 1000 Cannon; as many Sakers ; 
 500 Culverins. All thefe are preferred as a Treafure 
 of War, befides infinite Quantities of all Manner of 
 Weapons and Ammunitions, which are daily carried 
 from hence to furnifh their Ships by Sea, and their 
 Armies and Fores by 1 ar.d Thou wilt conclude 
 from hence, That this is a wife and martial Nation, 
 and that the Conqucft of I'tnice will coft much Sweat 
 and Blood. 
 
 Wilt thou hear what this Jeiu fays of their pub- 
 lick Buildings, which are all made of the beil 
 Marble ? He counts fixty fix Parifh- Churches ; fifty 
 two Monafteri.es ; twenty fix Nunneries ; eighteen 
 Chapels ; feventeen Hofpitals ; and fix Schools ; 
 He numbers fifty fix Courts of Juftice ; ten Gates 
 of Brafs, four hundred and fifty Stone Bridges; eighty 
 thoafand J-oats ; which cannot be ferved with lefs 
 than double that Number of Watermen. The In- 
 habitants of this City are computed to be 800,000. 
 By all this, thou msycft comprehend the Great- 
 nefs and Wealth of thii Republic k, and that it -is 
 no inglorious Enterprise to carry on a War ag?.inft 
 it. 
 
 Thefe Infidels give publick Toleration, to Harlots ; 
 which is pracHfed not only in this City, but all over 
 lit /y, ad brings a vaft Revenue into the Treafury. 
 The H'kores Pcna of femcf'u faid to amount Yearly 
 to IOC,OOO ZecHfS. 
 
 The Multitude of Jews does alfo mightily enrich 
 that City, who have no lefs than nine Synagogues 
 there. They are Mailers of infinite Wealth, and 
 
 engrofs
 
 24 o LETTERS Writ ly Vol. II. 
 
 engrofs the greateft Paat of the Levantine Traffick, 
 whereby Venice is become fuperlatively wealthy, 
 and has acquired the Epithet of Rich. This is 
 grown a Fafliion in Italy ; That every City has its 
 peculiar Title, as, Rcme the Holy, Padua the Learned, 
 Milan the Great, Naples the Proud, and Venice the 
 Rich. 
 
 One Thing extremely pleafes me, and had it not 
 a Shew of Idolatry, I could net but applaud it, as 
 an Argument of the Generofity of this State. Adonai 
 tells me, That there are no lefs than 165 Marble, 
 and 23 Brazen Statue*, erefted by the Order, and 
 at the Charges of this Republick, in Honour of the 
 like Number ef valiant Soldiers, who have merited 
 well of the Publick. This is an efficacious Encou- 
 ragement to others, a Spur to Virtue, the Cherifher 
 of martial Ardour : And Venice herein feems to imi- 
 tate the Gratitude si ancient Rome, which never fpared 
 any Coft to honour her Heroes, and render their Me- 
 mory immortal. 
 
 God grant thee Victory over thefe Irfideh, that at 
 thy Return, laden with the Venetian Spoils, thou 
 may'ft rejoice in the Royal Careffes and Favour of 
 our glorious Sultan, and that not only Conjiantinople, 
 but all the Ottoman Empire, may celebrate Triumphs 
 for the Succefs of thy Arms. 
 
 Paris, 2 1 ft of the nth Moon, 
 ef the Tear \ 644. 
 
 LETTER
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARI s. 241 
 
 LETTER XXV. 
 To Dgnet Oglou. 
 
 IT appears by thy Melancholy Letters tho i haft not 
 forgo: the Lofs thou formerly fafta'ned by Fire, 
 bat frill continued to difturb thj- fe.if wi'.h diimal 
 Apprehcnfions of (pending thy Days in ignomi- 
 nious Poverty. I am afraid thou didit let uhy ii.art 
 too much on thy Wealth, which makes thee 10 un- 
 eafy under thy Miiforcune. Perhaps thy Money was 
 thy Mafter ; and Gyd, i a removing it from thee, has 
 made thee free, and thereby f.tced thee for the Con- 
 timplations of the Univerfe. 
 
 Never fear Want ; the fame Providence which took 
 Care of thee before thou earned into tne World, will 
 never be wanting to thee now thou art in it. It is 
 but a Little that we need, and it will noc be long, 
 before it wili be impoffible for us to want any 
 Thing. Poverty never meets the Tui iking and ! n- 
 duflrious. And a Man may fatiify Nature, witr.out 
 the lead Obligation to Fortune j who, when (he feems 
 moft angry with us, fcarce ever denies us Neceflaries. 
 The Belly, indeed, is a troub!eforne Creditor, yet is 
 quieted with a Little. Seneca tell; us, That Epicurus 
 confined himfelf to a narrower Allowance, thaw that 
 of the fevered Prifons, to the mod heinous Oftcnder ', 
 and found hinsfc If at Kafe too in a ftricU.r' Diet, than 
 any Man in the word Condition needs to fear But 
 the Mifery of it is, We are governed in all Thing? by 
 Opinion, and every Thing is to us, as we uunk 
 it to be 
 
 The fame great Man tells us Of one Apidus, who 
 
 poiion'a niiuielt, for fear of Starving, when he had 
 
 Two hundred and Fifty Picjlen in his Lowers. 
 
 And, another more modern Pbilofopber relates, 'fYat 
 
 M a rich
 
 242. LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 a rich Man, an Acquiantance of his falling mad, 
 fnatcht up a Straw, and complained he mult perifh 
 with Hunger, for he faw there was no Grain in the 
 empty Huflcs. 
 
 It is faid of the Emperor Galbo, That he was 
 wont to weep, when he faw his Table better co- 
 vered than ordinary ; And, I have read of a cer- 
 tain Cbriftian Mufii, who was fo wretchedly cove- 
 tous, That fte would fteal privately into the great 
 Mefque of Rome, and put out the Lamps there, to 
 fave Charges. 
 
 But methinks, I hear thee murmuring me an An- 
 fwer, That this was never thy Humour ; and thefe 
 Citations make little Impreffion on a Man, that has 
 had his Houfe and Goods burnt, and narrowly efca- 
 ped in his own Perfon. 
 
 Shall I tell thee then, what happened lately in 
 thefe Parts, which will perhaps, make thee more 
 contented, and thankful for thy Life ; feeing, what 
 was thefe poor People's Lot, might have been 
 thine. 
 
 Certain confiderable Merchants coming to this 
 Town, and lodging at an Inn, not far from my 
 Quarters, the Houfe being full of Guefts, they were 
 forced to be content with an upper Room, where, 
 entertaining one another with pleafant Difcourfe, to 
 pafs the away Time till Supper, on a fudden the 
 Kitchen was all in a Flame, unfortunately increafed 
 with combuftible Matter, lying near the Chimney. 
 Some fay, there was a great Quantity of OH and 
 Gunpowder, (an odd Store-Houfe to lay fuch Com- 
 modities in.) However, the Fire appeared fo fud- 
 denly and violently, that in a Moment all the Floor 
 under them, was feized with it. 
 
 Thefe Gentlemen, who were two Stones high, 
 in a Chamber towards the Street, as foon as they 
 heard the Cry of Fire, began to make towards their 
 Trunks and Portmanteaus, which were lock'd up in a 
 
 large
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 243 
 
 a large CofFer, the Key of which hung at their 
 Hojirfsb Girdle. They were for going down to 
 fetch it, but the Fire had in a Manner confum'd 
 all beneath them. Whilft they were bufied in try- 
 ing to break open the CofFer, and to take out every 
 Man his own, their Chamber became inftantly fo 
 full of Smoak, as was like to choak them. They 
 could neither fave themfelves by going up or down, 
 the Houfe being all over in a Flame. Moreover 
 their Neighbours feeing their own Houfes in danger, 
 were fo concerned for themfelves, that they hai no 
 Time to pity others. So that few People attempted 
 to fuccour thefe poor Gentlemen, who, on their Side, 
 endeavoured with great Pieces of Wood, to force 
 a Pafiage ; but the Wallls and Windows were too 
 ftrong to give Way to their Efforts, being fecur'd 
 with thick Iron Bars, faftened to the Stones. In this 
 lamentable Condition, having this inexorable Flame 
 before their Eyes, which had already feized on the 
 Chamber, leaning the Hair of their Heads, and 
 fb.mping on the Ground, they fent forth fuch dread- 
 fnl Shrieks as moved all that heard them to extreme 
 Companion. 
 
 They threw their Gold and Silver into the Streets 
 in vain, crying for Help ; the Fire being fo increas'd, 
 That, before the People could bring Ladders and 
 other Inftruments to break a Way into the Cham- 
 ber, thefe poor Wretches miferally perimed in the 
 Flames. 
 
 Thauk God thou haft ftill thy Life and Senfes, 
 Turn thefe Jaft the right Way, and thou wilt firuj 
 thou haft loft nothing. 
 
 Paris, 2ift of the I ith 
 of -the Year 1644. 
 
 LETTER
 
 244 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 LETTER XXVI. 
 
 Zo the Reis F.ffendi, Principal Secretary 
 oj tbt Ottoman Empire. 
 
 TH E Spaniards are the proudefl People in the 
 Wo. Id. They firm like Cranes as they go 
 along the Streets, and walk by Rules of Geomttry. 
 Here are many of them in this City, fmce the Revolt 
 of Catalonia and RoTtJ/iL'ion. The French accufe them 
 of Uncomplaiiance and ill Manners, in that they will 
 rot change their Habit or Gait, in a Country fo 
 averfe from I ormaluy. 
 
 They are extremely addicted to Rbcdomontado's 
 as thou wilceafily guefs by this which follows: 
 Lewis X11I. afkirig a Sparijk Officer, who was a Pri- 
 foner of War, Why the Kingi of Spain went not in 
 Ptrfin to the Wars, as the Ktn^s of jKrance /* Hean- 
 fwer'd, If the King, my MaJltr,Jhovld leid bis own 
 Army inte the Field, tht <u,hole Earth 'would tnmlle 
 under him. 
 
 Another bein^ afk'd j Why the Spanifh King in his 
 S>yle, boajted, That the Sun ivas his Helmet, replied, 
 Bftaufe that Luminary tit*ver fets on all my Maker's 
 Teriitories. But the Frentb-maa wittily retorted ; 
 He in'il'- neitherftt nor rift on any of your Mt/jler*s Do- 
 mir t ionseer long, if the Great Lewis goesfon with his 
 Conqttefts. 
 
 Indeed, to pafs from ")efl to Earneft, this Vi<flo- 
 rious King coitinually pi.res away fome Part or 
 other of the Spamjv Monarchy. I have acquainted 
 the Mixifitrs of the Divan, wwh the mott impor- 
 tant Palia^es of this War, except the taking of 
 GravtltKgt which I did not then think fo considerable 
 a Place, as I am fmce informed it is Tis a Sea- 
 Towo, lyig on the Northen bhore of Trance, and 
 
 commanding
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 24.5 
 
 commading the Narrow Seas, between the Continent 
 and England. Some fay, That it is one of the ftrong- 
 eft Towns in Europe. The French King, by the 
 Conqueil of this Place, is in a Condition to give the 
 Law by Sea to the North: rn Nations. 
 
 The Great God. who protedls the Ottoman Empire, 
 fet Limits to the Conquelb ofthis Chrijlian King, and 
 fo continue the Wars of thefe Infidel Princes, that 
 neither any of them may be in a C ondition, nor All 
 of them together be agreed, to make Head againft 
 the Arms of our ini-incillt Sultan ! 
 
 Paris, 3d of the \ 2th Moon, 
 of tkeKar 1644. 
 
 LETTER XXVII. 
 To Dicheu Huffein Baffa. 
 
 THOU hat already, in the Divan, heard of tke 
 prt fent Convulfions of the Engltjb State. I 
 communicated to the Pisar Azern^ what Intelligences 
 I had received of the ^Troubles of that Kingdom. Be- 
 tides, the Imperial City is full of Strangers of all 
 Nations, who main ain Correfpondcnces with their 
 feveral refpective Countries : Whence it comes to 
 pals, That wliadbever is done in the moil remote 
 Corners of the Earth, is foon known to the Mh.iflers 
 of the Sublime Port, which is the Sanfiuary of the 
 wide World. But I (hall gratifie thee, in unveiling 
 the Interior of thofe Events, which have rr.ade fuch 
 a Noiie. Thou art naturally curious> in thy Re- 
 fearches ; and I (hall prefent thee with fo:r.e Addi- 
 tional Remarks, which I have made on the Englijb 
 Affairs, fince I wrote to the Supreme Minifter on that 
 Subjeft. 
 
 M 3 lac-
 
 246 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 I acquainted him, That the late Cardinal Ricblieu 
 tad a Hand in embroiling that Ifland, as he had in 
 exciting the Tumults of Catclonia, and promoting 
 the Revolution of Portugal. The Part which he 
 a&ed was by Proxy. He had his Agents there, 
 to blow up into a Flame, the Sparks which lay 
 fmothering in the Breafts of that difcontented Peo- 
 ple. Thcfe of the Latin Church reflect on it as a 
 Judgment on the Englifi Nation, That they have 
 never been free from Conspiracies, Seditions, and 
 Rebellions, fince the Time they (hook off their 
 Obedience to the Romrtft Mufti; which was in the 
 Days of King Henry VIII. As if that Revolt in 
 Point of Religion had been the Source of all the 
 following Tumults and Disorders in the State. 
 'Tis certain, Religion has great Influence on Mens 
 Morals i and, where a Liberty of Innovating is once 
 allow d, it makes continued Progreffions. Some 
 French Antiquaries fay, That the E'-igliJh embrac'd the 
 Roman Communion for the Space of Seven Hundred 
 Years ; and, That during fo long a Time, they ne- 
 ver had any Civil Wars, but fuch as were made on 
 the Account of Succeffion to the Crown. But, That 
 after they r.ad changed their Faith, they were al- 
 ways rc'tteis, ftiil hatching fome Alteration in the 
 Government. 1 know not how far thefe Obferva- 
 tioiis are Juftiftable, Men being generally partial to 
 their own Caufe : Bat, the preient Stirs in that 
 liland, feem to owe their Increafe, if not their 
 Binh, to rhe Latitude which the Subjects take in 
 Matters of Cor. f deuce. Win hi every Man carves 
 Out to himf'Jf lath a Religion as beft pleafes him; 
 v\ icnout being accountable to the State, or paying 
 any Tribute, as is the Practice of the Ottoman Em- 
 ftrf : Hence it is few Men's Ambition to conform 
 to the Religion of the Prince ; but, every Se8 en- 
 deavours to periuade both Prince and People, to 
 CuOicribe 10 their Sentiments ; and the moft po- 
 tent
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 247 
 
 tent Party threaten all the reft with the ill Con- 
 fequence of War, in Cafe their Tenets be not efta- 
 bliiVd. Among all the Religions which divide the 
 Inhabitants of that I/land, there is none for which 
 they nave fo general an Averfion, as that which 
 they call the Roman Catholick, though it were once 
 the Eftablifid Religion of the Country. This is 
 now became the pablick Eye-fre ; and the reft 
 of the Seci's, though they are at immortal Diffe- 
 rence with each otner, yet all join Heart and Hand 
 to oppofc this common Bugbear. . The French fay, 
 That the Proteftants are like the Englijb Maftiffs t 
 Two of which I remember were prefsnted to 
 Sultan Amurath, by the French Ambaffador, with 
 this Character of them ; That though when they 
 quarreird, they <u /'// fght ivith each other to Death, 
 yet, Jh r i:ll a Bear be let locfe upon them, in the Midji 
 and Heat sf 'their Fury, they <u:ouldf(ion become Friends, 
 and turn the Battle upon their Savage Emmy. Such 
 they lay, is the Humour of the Englifo Sectaries ; 
 and the Factious have improv'd it fo far, as to fa- 
 ften the Odium of the Vulgar on the King himfeif 
 by foggefting, That he deJigns to introduce the 
 Raman Religion in.o tnat Country ; whereas, acord- 
 ing to the Relation of I'ravellers and knowing Men, 
 he is a zealous Pro -jlant, t his is the Pretence of 
 taking, up Arms again! aim : An Artifice, by which 
 Rebellion & gene a ly uflier'd in ; whittt the Defence 
 of Religion is made a Cloak for Sacriltge and Trea- 
 fon. 
 
 The Infidsh have found out a Way to divide a 
 Man from hknidf, by M.t.'.ph^jical Niceties, a 
 Sc'uace wherein the True Believes -are happily igno- 
 rant. They are actually in Ami againft tneir 5^- 
 vereign, yet they declare they fight for niai : Main- 
 taining their Rebellion by this Sopbiftry, i hut they 
 fgbt again/} his Natural P^rfon to defend his Politi- 
 cal ; as if they coiid feparate one from the other. 
 M 4 Some
 
 5 4 S LETTERS Writ ly Vol. II. 
 
 Some thiii' 1 irr VJen fay. It is well if they do not ci- 
 verct hi? Sr.-.< irom his Body, by the Help of thefe jug- 
 gling Li. inlions. 
 
 His Vicercy in Irelo.ntl\>?& already loft his Head, 
 for no cthtr '. rime, but his Loyaity to his Mailer : 
 >vho is b'am'd fcr giving Conlt nt to the Execution 
 of fo faithful a Miwfttr. Yet, the Curious pre:end 
 to trace the Fooifaps of Jitjlice in this Man's Defli- 
 ny, fii.ce he fell a ."atrifice to the farce Democratic 
 Principles, whereof he had formerly been a zcalo s 
 Patron, having been obferved to be once a great Op- 
 poier cf the Royal Pr irrigative. If this be true, it 
 leans, as if Ncmtjjs her Jelf had bro'.'ght him to his 
 Fumd/mem. 
 
 Thou wilt wonder at the Prefumption of thefe 
 Peop e, in ciivefting the King of the Military Power 
 by Sea and Land, and afllmmg it themftlves. Efpe-. 
 csally, when tho-u coi.fidtreft, That this is the E/tnt'uA 
 Prcrog^tii of Sovereignty, without which it is bat 
 an Emft) Title. 
 
 Our Invincible Sultan rre poflefTcd of fcch art 
 uncontroulatie Authority, as cannot be tramferr'd to 
 any Su/jtf, or to all the SuijtSt of fo vaft an Em- 
 fire put together; but is only communicated at the 
 fx:perii>l Ikaiire, as Rays from the Sun, whofe 
 Enirnaticnb, thongh they are immenfe and infinite, 
 yet do they not, in tLt tail, diminHh on weaken 
 that immortal Fountain of ligjht. But, the Englijb 
 hive not that Vereiation foi thtir Prince, as is 
 found in the MuJ/ulmcm : T, hey efteem -him but 
 the Triftte of the Connors edih, the Creature cf 
 tne Populace, having imbib'd the Principle of Ari- 
 Jt'tif, C*tc, and other Ditnocrctic Philofrphcn; who 
 teach, That the Sovereign Power is originally in the 
 Ptcp/f, and but tranfmitied from tbtm,\.o the Princr, 
 by Way of D<}ut,iicn and Crtdm<v. My Letrer to 
 the Prince Vixir will inform thee what the EngHJh 
 Parliemitit is. At this Time, as I am inform 'd, it 
 
 confilU
 
 Vol. IT. a SPY at PARIS. 249 
 
 confifts the moft Part of Men of this Stamp ; 
 yet, they do not openly profets thefe Antimonarckic 
 Tenets j but, under the Malk of Leyalty, amufe 
 the credclous Multitude with ipecio.;s Pretences, Of 
 making the King th? moft Glorious Monarch, .? -,d his 
 Subjects the happieft People, in rlie WorlJ. Fut 'tis 
 thought he will rather confide in his Arms, the Ju- 
 Jiire of his Caufe, and the P> ot^fiion of G^cl, than 
 fuffer himfelf to be any longer cajol'd by their 
 falfe Rhttorick 
 
 He has given them Battle once> wherein they (ay, 
 The Viclory was in an even Balance, and neither Side 
 coald claim it. 
 
 Tne Rebels have put to Death the EngUJh Mufti, 
 whom they ca'l the Arcbbiftxp. They ftruckoffhis 
 Head with an Axe, in the open Steet, on the Tenth 
 Day cf the FirftMooa of the Year 1643. 
 
 Before I conclude this Letter, I (hail relate to 
 Thee a PaiTage, which happened in this King's In- 
 fancy, worthy of Remark. In former Ages, there 
 were a Sort of PhiLJphcis 0r Prophets, in England, 
 whom they call'd Druids and Bards, Thele in- 
 ftru died the People in the Belief of a God, the Irn- 
 tKoi tality of the Soul, and other Principles of Nafu- 
 ral Religion. They foretold Things to come ; and 
 had acquired fo great a Reputation, that the Kings 
 of that Country would undertake no Affair of Mo- 
 ment, 'till they had firft consulted thefe Oracles. 
 'Tis faid, There are yet living fome of that Prophc- 
 tick Race in the Mountains of Scotland. One of 
 which, a Man of great San&ity and Wifdom, be- 
 ing an Hundred and Twenty Years Old, came to 
 viiit this King's Father ; at which Tune he faw this 
 King, being then an Infant in his Nurfe's Arms, 
 whilit his Elder Brother and Heir of the Crown 
 flood by. The Old Man, after his Complim<nta 
 to the Father, takes the Infant Prince in his Arm c , 
 and beftows his Benediction on it in thefe Term?, 
 M 5 Hail,
 
 350 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IT. 
 
 Hail, Royal Babe, Heir of the Two Crowns ; tbcujhall 
 reign along Time happily ; but in the End, a Flower- 
 de-luce_/W/ be thy Bane. The Nobles that were pre- 
 fent, thinking that the Extremity of Age had be- 
 reav'd him of his Reafon, were ready to thruft him 
 away, offering to take the Child from him, and 
 teliing him, That he mijiook ; for this -was not the 
 Ktir of the Crown but his Brother wcbo flood by . But 
 he, with a competed Look and an aflured Carriage, 
 made Anfwer, That 'what he fpoke <was Truth ; ad- 
 ding withal, That the Elder Brother Jhould die before 
 his Father ', and, That this Jbould li've to inherit the 
 Kingdoms of Scotland and England. The Event has 
 made good fome Part of his Prophecy ; for his elder 
 Brother died at Twelve Years of Age, and he at this 
 Day poffeffes thofe Two Kingdoms ; but, How the 
 Flower de-luce Jhallbe bis Bane, 1 ime muft evince. 
 It is thought, That by it, is meant the French King; 
 becauie -hat is the Arms of the Rryal Blood of France* 
 It is hard to determine af future Events, yet there 
 are fomc, who oblerving the Influence which this 
 Ccurt has, had on the Englijb Commotions, and how 
 far Cardinal Ricbl'uu has engaged King Lewis XIII. 
 in Revenging the Affronts which were given to his 
 Sifter, the Queen of England, by that inhofpitable 
 Nation, make no Difficulty of interpreting this Pro- 
 phecy; but conclude, That the unfortunate King of 
 England will at length fall a Victim to the French Re- 
 feiitments, though his own Subjettj be iiiitramental to 
 his Ruin. 
 
 I will continae my Intelligence of the Englijh Af- 
 fairs as I receive them. In the mean while, I pray 
 the Great God to protect the MuJJulman R /afire from 
 Sedition and Treafon, and keep the Subjcds of Sultan 
 Ibrahim, in their due Obedience. 
 
 Paris, I jth of the 1 2th Moon, 
 of the Tear \ 644. 
 
 LETTER
 
 TT 
 
 fpife a 
 
 Vol. IT. a SPY at PA R i s. 251 
 LETTER XXVIII. 
 
 To Bajazet AH Hogia, Preacher to the 
 Seraglio. 
 
 ERE are to be met with in thefe W,Jlern Parts, 
 _ infinite [Numbers of People, who not only de- 
 
 >ife and vilify our Law, but their o-ivn, and openly 
 feoff at all Religions in the World. Thefe are known 
 by the Name of Libertt ies or Atheifts, which is to fay, 
 People that profefs themfelves Enemies to the Belief 
 of a God. A lewd and unthinking Herd of Ani- 
 mals, who dare not be alone, leaft they mou;d come 
 to the Remembrance of themfeives, and be wifer. 
 
 Thefe People are, in fome Sort, like Nixus, that 
 great Afyrian Monarch, who vaunted, He never faw 
 the Stars, nor defired it ; worlhipped neither Sun 
 nor Moon, never fpoke to his People, nor took any 
 Account of them, but was valiant in Eating and 
 Drinking. 
 
 He was faid to have this Infcription on his Tomb. 
 
 / WAS FORMERLT NINUS, THE GREAT 
 LORD OF THE WORLD, AND LIVED AS 
 THOU DOST. BUT AM NOW NOTHING 
 BUT DUST. ALL THE MEAT I HAVE 
 EATEN, ALL THE HANDSOME WOMEN 
 I HAVE ENJOrD, ALL THE WORSHIP 
 THAT WAS PAID ME, AND ALL THE 
 RICHES I WAS POSSESSED OF, HAVE 
 FAIL'D ME ; AND WHEN 1 SET FORWARD 
 FROM THIS WORLD INTO THE INVISIBLE 
 STATE, I HAD NEITHER GOLD, NOR 
 HORSE, NOR CHARIOT. I AM NOW, I 
 SAT, BUT THE DUST THOU TREADEST 
 ON. 
 
 Such
 
 LETTERS iVrit by Vol. IT. 
 
 Such another was S*rJaxapaliu, one of the Suc- 
 ceflors of Nitius in that Monarchy, and in the Cor- 
 ruption of his Manners. An effeminate Prince, a 
 Slave to his Lufts, and not worthy of an Imperial 
 Crc<u:n. It was not to his Virtue, or Courage, that 
 Nineveh \*as obliged, for fuftaining a Siege of eight 
 and twenty Alcons, but to the impregnable Strength 
 of her own Walls. For, fo foon as he was told, 
 That the Oracle was fulfilled, and that the River Eu- 
 phrates was join'd in League with his Enemies, and 
 had by an unufual Flood, breke down a confi- 
 derable Part of the Walls in which he traded ; 
 all his Bravery vanifhed ; he Ihewed he was a 
 Coward, and kill'd h:mfelf for fear of Death . Yet 
 fach was the fordid Impotence of his Spirit, that 
 even in this Way he dt,rit not die alone, but ta- 
 king his Concubines and neareft Attendants, with 
 all his Gold and Jewels he forced them to accom- 
 pany him into the Hollow of a Funeral Pile, which 
 he fired with his own Hands, and burnt his Ser- 
 vants with Hin.ii If. I do not tfteem it an Effect of 
 Courage, to make Death a Sanctuary from the ine- 
 vitable Mifeiies of a hated Life. But, to be either 
 willing to Die, in the Heighth of Human Enjoy- 
 ments, or to be refolved to Live, and out-brave thele 
 Aery Calamities, which would tempt any Man to 
 die, is the peculiar Marks of an Heroick Refo- 
 lution. 
 
 However, thus died Sardanapah's, having defired 
 That a Mowmtnt might be ere&ed to his Memory 
 with this Infcription ; 
 
 SARDANAPALUS LIT* D MUCH IN 4 LITTLE 
 TIME, HATING ALWAYS GRATIFIED HIS 
 SEMES: HE BUILT TWO CITIES, ANCHI- 
 ALA AND TARSUS, IN ONE DAT; PER- 
 FORMED THE T/.SK OF M/Nf TEARS, IN 
 
 FOUR
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. ij3 
 
 FOUR AND TWENTT HOURS: ADVISES 
 THEE, READER, TO IMITAlE HIS EX- 
 AMPLE ; EAT, DRINK, AND ENJOT THY 
 SELF, FOR, AFTER DEATH, THERE IS 
 NEITHER PLEASURE, NOR PAIN. 
 
 Thefe were but Pigmies in Atbeifjn, in Compari- 
 fon of others. Dionyfi-.ts the Sicilian Monarch, was 
 a Giant in infidelity. He not only committed Sa- 
 crilege, but made it his Paftime. He droli'd upon 
 the Gods, while he robb'd their Temples ; into 
 which he never enter 'd without a Jffl, nor de- 
 parted from their Altan witnout a Satire. He put 
 a Wocllcn Garment on the Image of Jupiter Olym- 
 pus, inftrad of the Golden Robe with which King 
 Hiero had cloath'd it ; and, ex:us'd the Sacrilege, 
 by faying, Exchange ivas no Robbery, and, That he 
 confulted the Eafe and Health of the God both for 
 Summer and Winter. He play'd the Barber to the 
 Statue of JEfculapius, and ihav'd off his Golden 
 Beard, Lying, That fince Apollo, his Father, was 
 bcardl ft, it was tut good M.mncrs for the Son to be 
 fo tea. When he came in'o a rich Temple in Syra- 
 cufa, and faw in the Hands of Mars a Sword, whofe 
 Hilt was thick fet with Diamonds, Emeralds, and 
 Rubies, he made a mock Obcifance, and took the 
 Swoixl from the extended Arm of the Image, faying, 
 *The God of War frtfented him with that SovW, as 
 an Earnrjt of his future Victories, and he Jhculd be 
 very ungrateful and impicus, net to accept the Gift of 
 the Deity. It was a n afty Affront which Nero put 
 upon the Syrian Goddifs, when he caus'd his Excre- 
 ments to be thrown in her Face. 
 
 Thefe were Royal Atbeijls, and no Body durft 
 controul their impious Pranks. The Liberties now 
 a-days are more modtft and politick. They dare 
 not violate Temples, not prophane the Altan of 
 
 the
 
 54 LETTERS Writ, by Vol. II. 
 
 the Cbrijlians openly but fecretly they undermine 
 all Religion, and difpute People out of their Faith. 
 
 Some of thefe Atheijls maintain the World to be 
 Eternal. Others hold, That it came by a fortuitous 
 Concourfe of Atoms ; which after an eternal Dance, 
 in an infinite Space, at laft jumbled together into that 
 exquifite Order we now behold and contemplate. 
 They profefs themfelves DifcipLs of Epicurus, yet 
 wilfully corrupt the DoSrines of that virtuous Pbi- 
 lofophcr, who though he taught, That the Supreme 
 Etlicity of Man confilled in Pleafure, yet never 
 meant that of the Btdy, but the purer Joys and 
 Tranquillity of the Mind, arifing from a Life led 
 according to Recfon : Whereas thefe modern Epicu- 
 reans place, their higheft Contentment in the Satis- 
 faction of their Senfual Appetites. A jolly Crew, 
 who number their Days by Debaucheries, and reckon 
 that Hour mifpent, wherein they have not drawn 
 fome Line of Voiuptuoufnefs. And, as if they had 
 confecrated themfelves to Bacchus and Venvs, Women 
 and Wine divide the moft important Adtions of their 
 whole Lives. 
 
 They are profefied Enemies to the DoPrine of the 
 Rffurreflion, of Good and Evil 'Spirits, of the Day of. 
 Judgment, of Heaven and Hr// They efteem Re- 
 ligion only as an Invention C"'' Politicians, to reduce 
 the World under fome Form & Government ; and 
 fpare not to call Mofcs and Jrj'us the Son of Mary, 
 Impofi'-rs, as well as Mahvm?? our Hofy La<i}-gi=ver. 
 They laugh at Miracles, and ridicule Prapbefies ; and 
 you had as good talk to them of a Man in the Mooa t 
 as of an Jfajteriti&i from the Dead. 
 
 -Theie Sort ofL&?rtittfs'are not only to be found ia 
 the Coure of France, but in. general all over Enrape: 
 The Cojjtfgion is EpiHemick, the Infection has fpread 
 it felf through C/o-^o-y and Laity, Nobles and Vulgar ; 
 infomuch, as he pailes for a Man of no Wit, who 
 has not a Spice of Atbeifjn, 
 
 Thi5
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 255 
 
 This will not feem ftrange, when them {halt know 
 That even among their Mufti's themfelves, there have 
 been fome Lucians ; who efteem'd Religion but an 
 Old Wifes Tale, and us'd the moft important Arti- 
 cles of their faith, but as Inftruments of Ambition 
 and Avarice, to aggrandize themielves, and fill their 
 Cofters. Leo X. a famous Roman Pontiff, will be re- 
 corded to all Pofterity, for that Sarcafm of his on 
 Jefus, the Mejjias of the Ckrijttavt ; Hoiu much are 
 nue enriched by this Fable of Chrifl ! Indeed, if 
 we reflecl: well on the Maxims and Prailices of that 
 Court, it will not be hard to conclude, That Geld is 
 the Great God of the Romans, and the Ultimate Oh- 
 jel of their Adoration ; fmce that alone can open or 
 fhut Heaven and Hell ; no Piety or Virtue, no Pray- 
 ers or Tears, Arms or Penances being available; 
 unlefs made fo by the meritorious Adjunct of this 
 powerful Metal. Neither need the moil enormous 
 Sinners defpair of Pardon, if they have but Pluto 
 for their Proflor, and Gold for their Apology ; there 
 being certain Rates fet upon all Sins, which if paid, 
 thofe of the deepeft Dye are as readily abfolv'd, as 
 the fmalleft Peccadillo's. 
 
 This Spiritual Merchandize of Souls in the &*- 
 freme Court of Chriftendom, has, in no fmall Degree, 
 contributed to the Atheifm of the Age ; while Re- 
 ligion is thereby rendered cheap and vile, a mere 
 Artifice of Government, a Stratagem of the Priejl- 
 hood, to keep Fools in Awe a d Subjeclien. And 
 therefore, fuch as have a better Opinion of them- 
 felves, and would be thought Men of Senfe, take 
 Occafion to carp at the very fundamental Princi- 
 ples of all Religion, and to difpute againft the Be- 
 ing of a Gcd. Rather than tamely couch under the 
 Luggage of mamfeft Impoftures;' they, like wild 
 Colts, throw ofFthe Yoke even of natural Religion 
 and common Morality : And, becaufe they have 
 too much Senfe to be abus'd with Religieui Umbrages,
 
 256 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 and too little Faith to fwallow all the Pious Frauds 
 of the Church for undoubted Oracles of Hea<ven, 
 they will have no Faith at all, nor give any. Cre- 
 dit to the Dictates of Correct Reafon, but, turn- 
 ing Sapticks in all Tilings, are ftedfaft to Nothing 
 but the Satisfaction of their Lufts ; looking upon 
 it as ill Hi.fbandry of the prefent Time, to fquandcr 
 away the leait iVJoiueni on the Thoughts of a Future 
 Life. 
 
 But thou, Venerable Hogia, who haft been prefent 
 at the Myfteries of the Hcly Stpulchn, arui kiis'd the 
 Floor of Abrahams Oratory, art happy in the Pof- 
 feflion of a blwrilels Faith. Thcu haft renounced 
 the vain Pleaf.ies oi Senle ; and thy Life is one con- 
 tinued Series of Abilinence, Prajtr, Failing, Alms, 
 and other good Works. Having been bleiVd with 
 frequent Vifions of P^raJife, and Anticipations o? 
 the immortal State, pray, thztMahmut may perievere 
 in the Faith of a MuJJuima^-, and the Integrity of a 
 Ley al Stave to the Gruna SigHtor. 
 
 Paris, roth of tie \ 2th Moon, 
 of the Tear 16 14. 
 
 LETTER XXIX. 
 
 To Egry Boinou, a White Eunuch* 
 
 I Cannot forget the Time, fmce thou aftd I iate 
 together in the Cbioje at tlcvtari, and enter- 
 tained each other with the Stoiies of the ancient 
 Greek Poets. The Profpect which that Gallery af- 
 forded, renewed our Memory of feveral Nations 
 Strife about the Birth-place of Homer ; and from 
 thence gave us Occaiion to difcourfe and make 
 Companions between Him and Hejtod, OijfoHS 
 
 and
 
 Vol. IL a SPY at PARIS. 257 
 
 and the red of the celebrated Pcefs, Philosophers, and 
 Sfigi s, of the Efjt. I remember we patted by De- 
 grees from one Subject to another, 'till at length we 
 fell upon the Trat-jlation of their Heroes, and the 
 Genealogy of their GcJs. Thou will fay, I have a 
 good Memory, mould I now rehearfe the Series of 
 our Convvifation on this Point. But, I will not be 
 fo troubiefome for the Sake of Applaufe. Tho' I 
 ofcen think over thy Sentiments with infinite De- 
 light, yet I wH not repeat them here, left I tempt 
 thee to throw away my Letter before thou hail half 
 read it. Only give me Leave to put thee in Mind, 
 how thou didil then vindicate the Infant World, 
 for placing thoie excellent Sculs in Heawe t who 
 had been illuftrious Eenefaclors to Mankind on 
 Earth ; and, that tho' After ages fell into the Crime 
 of Idleitry, by gh ing Divine Honours to the fir ft 
 Jnventers of Arts and Sciences, and facrificing to 
 the Manet of departed Her as ; yet it was thy Opi- 
 nion, That thofe who firft confecrated them to Im- 
 mortality, and a Fame that mould know no End, did 
 but perform the Rites of Gratitude, execute the 
 Dictates of innocent Nature, without ever dream- 
 ing of the Religious Ceremonies which their delu- 
 ded Poflerry fuperinduc'd. 
 
 To do tree JuiHce, this was a Noble Thought, full 
 of Humanity, and, e*aliy f^uaring with unbyafs'd 
 Reafon ; .and I mult confeis, I owe the frequent Cure 
 of my Melancholy to the Force of this generous Sen- 
 timent. 
 
 The Cbrifllans, efpcially here in the Wft, out- 
 go the yens in the fuperftitious Narrownefs of 
 their Principles; and, as (he latter confined Salva- 
 tion to the Lineage of Jacob, fo the former reftrain 
 it to the Latin Church. I have often conversed with 
 fome of their Learned Dervif(s<, on the Theme of 
 the Pagans Salvation ; but can by no Arguments 
 beat them off from their inveterate Prejudice. 
 
 They
 
 258 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IT. 
 They will not allow fo much as one of the Heathens 
 to be faved, and but a Hundred and Forty Four 
 Thoufand of the Jews, accounting Twelve T'hou- 
 fand of every Tribe. This is the fevere Arithme- 
 tick of the Wfftern Religion, whofe Profeffors there- 
 by render themfclves greater Infidels than thofe 
 they damn. 'Tis to be hoped, there is a larger 
 Calcule with God for the Number of the B/tJiJ, 
 or elfe one would think, Hell would be too popu- 
 lous, and the Devil would be forced to make fre- 
 quent Decimations, and fend Colonies Abroad, to 
 make Room for the ever frcfh Glut of his new 
 Guefts. 
 
 For my Part, who was educated in the impartial 
 Rudiments of Truth, in the ferene Principles of the 
 Mahometan Faith, I believe, That there are fome 
 faved of all Religions ; and, That at the Day of 
 Judgment, there lliall be erected a Fourth Banner for 
 fuch to rsfort to, who never heard of A/;/T/, Jefus, 
 or Mahomet, Allli redly, There is no Malice in the 
 Omnipotent, and He will not damn Men for their in- 
 voluntary Ignorance of his Revealed La-ivs, provided 
 they live up to the genuine Dictates of Nature and 
 Re a fin, which are the trueft Sandards of Virtue and 
 poiitive Religion. 
 
 The Chrijtiatu have a Heaven for their Saints, 
 and a Hell for their Sinners ; in this they agree with 
 the MuJJulmans. They have a Limbo for Infants that 
 die unbaptized ; and, another for the Virtuous If- 
 radites, who lived before the Mejfftas. Their 
 Charity had been compleat, had they provided a 
 Third for Juft and Virtuous Men of all Religions ; 
 whom it is too hard to damn on the Score of what 
 they know not, fo long as they unblameably pra- 
 ctice whatfoever Good they know. ; he Chapter of 
 Prifons in the Alcoran, feems to contain a more equal 
 Diftribution of Juflice ; when it afligns a Middle- 
 Place, between Paradife and Hell, to thofe who 
 
 kave
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 259 
 
 have led an indifferent Life, equally chequered 
 with Virtue and Vice. 1 hey there behold the 
 yojs of the Blefied, and the Torments of the Damned; 
 yet fhall neither tafte of the One, nor feel the 
 Other ; but pafs their Time in a tedious Neutra- 
 lity, between the Heigkth of Blifs and 'the Depth of 
 Mifery. 
 
 But, What MuJJulman will queftion the Salvation 
 of the Gentiles, when the Bock of Glory itfelf tells 
 us, That Alexander the Great was an Holy Prophet ; 
 and yet we know, he neither was of the Seed of 
 Abraham, nor was he fo much as Circumcifed. 
 
 My Conveife with the learned Detvifis in this 
 City, has taught me fome of their School Dijiin- 
 flions -, among which, they rfe a pretty one in the 
 Damnation of uubaptized Infants ; teaching, i hat 
 fuch are damned to rthe Pain of Lo/s, but not to 
 the Pain ofSenfc. I am apt to think, this Diltin&i- 
 on may very well be adapted to tne Ca<e of many 
 Men, who, 33 their Virtues are not of t;i at Horoick 
 Stamp, as to carry them ciredtiy to Paradife ; fo, 
 neither are their Vices of fo black a Tincture, as 
 to fink them immediately to HJl. I believe, there 
 are proportionate Rewards and Punifhmems for all 
 Sorts and Degrees of Virtue and Vice ; and, That 
 the Souls of the Departed are marmall'd and dif- 
 pofed in Receptacles agreeable to their proper Rank 
 and Quality. And, if I can but get to Virgil* 
 pleafent Greens and fliady Woods, the fortunate 
 Manfions of Innocent and Juft Men, I will not 
 envy the Heroes, nor defire to be canonized among 
 the Goo's. Elizium and Paradife are much at one 
 to me : I feek not rhe Name, bat the Nature, of Blijs. 
 Provided I may gain but a Place of Reftand Refrefh- 
 ment, and be admitted into agreeable Company, I 
 will not complain, nor difturb the Peace of the 
 Blefled, with an ambitious Queft of the higheft 
 Dignities in Heaven i as if a Man could not be 
 
 happy
 
 LETTERS Writ fy Vol. IT. 
 
 Happy, unlefs he be made a Hzir of the Bench 
 above. 
 
 Let thou and I, dear Egry, live in fuch an exal 
 Conformity of Manners here, that when we go 
 hence, we may by the Divine Numen, be both difpo- 
 fcd in the fame Apartment and Society , carry our 
 Frier.dfhip along with us to that other Woild; and 
 let us make a Covenant, That whofoever dies fidt, 
 ft-. all foon appear to the Survivor, and give him a true 
 Account of his State, if it be in the Power of the 
 Dead to perform fuch Bargains. 
 
 In the mean Time, I ccunfel thee to make much of 
 this prefent J.ife j not by fordid Vcluptoumefs and 
 Vice, from which I know thy r.atural Averfion ; but 
 by borrcwing from each Element, an Occaf:on of 
 improving thy Sc'ence and Virtue. This is the 
 Way to be raifed above the Elements, in which at 
 pre r ent thou art aSojourner ; and to attain t. y Na- 
 tive Skies, and Kindred Slars ; where the Renown'd 
 Po.ts, Pkilofepbers, Lunv -givers, and other virtuous 
 Men, are gone before u?, expect our Coming, and 
 re eady to welcome us to the Rights of their happy 
 Society. Adieu. 
 
 Paris, \yhof the I ft Moon, 
 of the Tear 1645. 
 
 LETTER XXX. 
 To the Seli&ar Aga, or Sword- Bearer. 
 
 IT is apparent, That the States of the World are 
 void of Compaffon, and that they are altoge- 
 ther afluaied by a Principle of Intereft. 
 
 Monjicur la Tuilliere, Ambaiiador from France to 
 the King of Denmark, arrived at that Co-art with 
 
 fpecious
 
 Vol.11, a SPY at PARIS. 26 1 
 
 fpecious Pretexts of Mediation, promifmg to do his 
 utmoft, to accommodate the Differences between the 
 two Crowns of Denmark and Swediland, with all pof- 
 fible Advantages to the former. But when theBufi- 
 nefs came to the Tryal, when he faw King Ckrijlian 
 advancing into the Field againlt Gvjiai'us, with an 
 Army of near Twenty Thoufand Men, which in all 
 likelihood whould have given the Snvtdcs occafion to 
 repent their ram and unjjft Incurfions ; he charrrfd 
 the good natur'd old King, with fuch fair Promifes, 
 and fubtle Infmuations, that he caufed him to retreat 
 at the Moment of giving Battle. 
 
 In the fame Manner dealt Galaffb with the King, 
 who did but make a Shew with his Forces, without 
 doing any effectual Service. For, when he might 
 have compelled the Sn.vedi/h Gener / either to fight or 
 retire, he fufFered him freely to pafs through H'JJiein, 
 and return into Germany. 
 
 The Curious and Tnquifitive, lay the Blame of this 
 Treachery on Cardinal Mazarim, whofePiftoles, they 
 fay, had corrupted Gafajffo, and made him run coun- 
 ter to his Mafter's Inflru&ions. 
 
 But, in my Opinion, this is an unjuft Cenfure of 
 the Cardinal, who was afterwards known to be in- 
 ftrumental in fparring on the Hollanders to compofe 
 thefe Quarrels : Which, at laft, was accomplim'd by 
 the dextrous Mediation of this great Minifter. 
 
 I wim , The Differences between our Glorious Sul 
 tan and the Venetians were as well adjufted with Ho- 
 nour to the Ottoman Empire. 
 
 Paris, i ft of the 2d Moon, 
 of the Tear 1 645 . 
 
 LETTER
 
 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 LETTER XXXI. 
 
 %o the Rcis EfFendi, Principal Secretary 
 of State. 
 
 TH E Wars of Germany and Swedeland are the 
 principal Subject of Difcourfe all over Europe^ 
 efpecia'ly in this Court, which has a great Intereil in 
 the good Succefs of the Sivedijb Arms, the Houfeof 
 Auftria being the moft formidable Enemy that France 
 has in the World. 
 
 General fcr/7t7?/<j marches about like another Scan- 
 derb(g> Victorious wfcere-ever he ftrikes. 'Twas to 
 his own Ruin, that GulcJ/b fuffer'd him to pafs quiet- 
 ly through i-olftein ; when, in Conjunction with the 
 Dt.nijb Army, he was in a Condition to give him 
 Battle, or compel him to retire. 
 
 No fooner was GalaJJo feparated from the Danes, 
 and encamped near Magdeburgb, but, 'Torjienjon be- 
 gan to obierve his Motions, and lay down not far 
 from him, between whom there pafied many Skir- 
 mimes, which very much leifen'd the German Army. 
 Befides, they were extremely incommoded for Want 
 of Provifions : fo, That at his Return to Bohemia, 
 he could prefent the Emperor with but a few of his 
 Men, and give but a lhailow Account of the Lois of 
 the reft. 
 
 In the mean Time, Coning/mark and Papenheim, 
 two other Sivcdi/b Commanders, are not idle, having 
 taken Staden and Eoxtehanudt, with moft of the other 
 important Places in the Archbijboprick of Bremen. 
 
 Thus the Go man AfTairs decline apace ; and, the 
 Swedes, who not long ago were obfcure, and fcarce 
 re&'.rded, betin to make a confiderable Figure in the 
 World. 
 
 I {hall
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 
 
 I {hall fend thee a conftant Account of what is moft 
 Remarkable. God augment thy Felicity. 
 
 Paris, zyth of the zd Moon, 
 of the Tear 1645. 
 
 LETTER XXXII. 
 
 To Berba Muftapha, Aga. 
 
 THE Bloody Battle of Jankovo has unperch'd 
 the Imperial Eagle, which can no longer en- 
 dure the Smoke of S-^ediftj Gunpowcer. 
 
 The Gtrman Court is removed in a great Fright to 
 Prague in Bohemia, there to curfe the Avarice of 
 the Soldiers, whofe greedy Defire of the Swedijh 
 Prey, betray 'd the German Army to the Swords of 
 the Conquerors. 
 
 This Battle was fought on the Sixth Day of the 
 Third Moon of this prefent Year. Goctz, one of the 
 Imperial Generals, was killed in the firft Onfet ; 
 which inflam'd B-rron John de Werdt, That, with 
 Four rhoufand Men, he brake into the Left Wing of 
 the Swedes, putting them into an irrecoverable Dif- 
 order. ' The Get mans, feeing their Enemies retreat in 
 much Confufion, fell to plundering the Baggage. 
 General Torjhnfcn turning their Covetoufnefs to his 
 Advantage, lets them alone til! they were all entangled 
 and loaden with Booty ; then fuddenly falls upen 
 them, and turned the Fortune of the Day on his own 
 Side. 
 
 There were above Three Thoufand of the Itnperia- 
 lijls killed upon the Spot, and Four J'houfanu taken 
 Prifoners ; among whom were the Generals Hats- 
 feldt, Mtrty, Broy, Zaradejkle, and feven other Prin- 
 cipal Commanders. 
 
 By
 
 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IL 
 
 By this fatal Stroke, the Swedes have opened to 
 themfelves a PafTage into Moravia, Ai,firia, and Hun- 
 gary. So that, in Time, they may extend their 
 Conquefts even to the Confines of the Ottoman 
 Empire. 
 
 1 pray the Great God, To continue the Wars be- 
 tween thefe Infidel Nations i that fo, Not attending to 
 the general Intertft of Cbriftendom, but weakening 
 each other, they may, at length, become a Prey to 
 the True Eeliemcrs. 
 
 Paris, I ft of the 2d Moon, 
 of the Tear 1645. 
 
 LETTER XXXIII. 
 
 I 
 
 i Ofman Adrooneth, au Jtjlrdoger -at 
 Scio. 
 
 Know not whether it be an EfFedl of the Stars, or 
 _ the Sport of Spirits that has happened here lately ; 
 whether it proceed s from Hn."v,n or Hal, Natur:. or 
 Ma%ick Art, Chance or Dcfliny ; the Marks it has left 
 behind it are very Terrible, and the AftoniuSment is 
 not yet off from the People's Hearts. 
 
 T hree Days ago, 1 was riding from Paris to Saint 
 Germain m Lay, where the Court reiides When I 
 was got about half Way on t e Road there arofe 
 a fuclden Blaft Wind, which rufhingr vehemently 
 among the ''rtes maic an uncoutn Noife, aud ft'uck 
 me withfome Surprize and Horror : But, my j;aaze- 
 ment was foon increafed, when 1 preceiv d the 
 Hedges and Tre;-s that grrw a ong the K.oad Side, 
 torn "up, and carried awa> by an invinble Hand. I 
 was afraid, my Horfe and i fhoald have beca ta- 
 ken up for Company : For ..is Wnirwm^ pailed 
 very near us, twilling m ail cm was in its VVay ; 
 
 and
 
 Vol. II. a S p Y at P A R i s." 265 
 
 and fwiftly moving in a circular Figure, it grew ta 
 fuch a Bignefs, by the coatinual Addition of Trees, 
 Hedges, Stones, Earth, &c. that it feemed like a 
 flying Wood. 
 
 I tell thee, though I was not without fome Ap- 
 prehenfion of Danger, yet hitherto this was the plea- 
 fanteil and moft diverting Spectacle that ever I faw 
 in my Life. Trees are a very grateful Okjeft on the 
 Earth, but they are much more fo in the Air ; and 
 efpecially at that Height and Ditlance, they affeft 
 the Eye with unfpeakable Delight. I was raviihed 
 to fee a moving Foreft, almoft as high as the Clouds. 
 The pendulous ; Gardens of Babylon would have 
 appear'd but a Trifle, in Cornparifon of this Noble 
 Scene. 
 
 I followed it with my Eye as far as I could, 'till 
 at length my Sight was intercepted by a thick. Show- 
 er of Rain, which drove me into a Houfe for Shel- 
 ter. Where, before I came away, I was informed, 
 that what I efteemed fo delightful, proved very Tra- 
 gical to the neighbouring Villages. Falling down 
 from that Height I left it at, and fcattering its for- 
 mer Load, it fell violently into the Groves and Or- 
 chards, tearing up fome Thoulands of Trees by the 
 Roots, and carrying them away like Chaff in the Air, 
 throwing down many Hundreds of Houfes, removing 
 others from the Foundations, and doing the poor 
 Hufbandmen fuch irrepairable Damages, as the like 
 has not been known in the Memory of Man. 
 
 Common Humanity taught me to pity thefe /;/- 
 fidels ; and the Natural Principle of Self-Preferva- 
 tion, made me blefs my felf, That I liad efcaped 
 fo imminent a Danger. But tell me, Thou who art 
 converfant in the Secrets of Nature, who knoweil 
 the Influences of the Stars, and tke Hidden Force 
 of the Elements, What is the Caufe of thefe wild 
 Fits and Convulfions of the Air ? The Superiliiious 
 here fay, The Devils are let loofe at fucli a Time 
 from their Infernal Prifons, to keep a C*:rjti-val, 
 N and
 
 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 .and play their wanton Pranks in open Light, there 
 being no Holidays in Hell. Others believe Magicians 
 are at Work ; and by the Force of Spells, raife Hur- 
 ricanes and Strms. But the Learned fay, That thefe 
 are only the Effects ef Nature, proceeding from Me- 
 teors and Exhalation! in the Air. I, for my Part, 
 never puzzle myfelf with a vain Search after that 
 -which cannot be demonftrated. If thefe Hurricanes 
 "be Natural, then 'tis certain, Nature does not difco- 
 ver her Power at all Times, nor in the conftaot Strict 
 of her Works ; but has her Referves, and Times of 
 State, wherein me difplays herfelf with greater Pa- 
 geantry, to create Refpefl : Since the unthinking 
 Part of Mankind, is fooner taken with fuch unufuai 
 Events as make a^Noife, than with the antient ftand- 
 Ing Miracles of the Creation, the filent and regular 
 Motions, exq ) uifite Order, and never-ceafing Acti- 
 vity of the Sun, Moon, and Stars. Thus, we are 
 never fenfible of the Heat that is within us, or the 
 Circulation of our Blood, becaufe we are always 
 habituated to feel it from our Embryo. 
 
 I tell thee, Sage Oftnan, if I have any Dread upon 
 me, it is of Earthquakes ; becaufe they take from us 
 all fure Footing. From Thunder, Lightning, and 
 all the Storms in open Air, Tiberius' 1 * Remedy will 
 iecure us : Nay, the very Beafts will be our Guides 
 to fome fafe Den or Cave ; but, from an Earthquake 
 there's no Retreat ; that undermines and blows us up 
 without any Warning, neither have we Time or 
 Means to efcape. This makes me always think, 1 
 walk upon a Cobweb ; fo thin and brittle is this out- 
 ward Cruft f Earth we tread on. 
 
 He that founded the Earth, and has admirably 
 kneaded this Glebe together with Water, grant us a 
 Refuge in Time of Danger, and an Eternal San&uary 
 in Paradife. 
 
 Paris, ift of the zd Moon, 
 1645. 
 
 LETTER
 
 Vol. II. a SPY at PARIS. 267 
 LETTER XXXIV, 
 
 fo the Kaimachairu 
 
 I Need not apologize for my long Silence. Elia- 
 chim afTures me, he has acquainted Nathan Ben 
 Scd'.li with the Occafion of it, by whom ihe News 
 of ray Imprifonrnent might be tranfmitted to the 
 Sublime Port. When I was firft feized upon, I had 
 not the Liberty to fend for Eliacbim, or fee any Body 
 that I defired to fpeak with. But that honeft Jew, 
 foon heard the News, and writ to Vienna, to prevent 
 zny'Difpatcbes that might come from thence, or from 
 Ccnjiantinople. He has BOW fully convinced me of 
 his Fidelity, which I fo long fufpe&ed ; and I dare 
 truft him henceforward with the moft important Con- 
 cerns of my Commijfisn. His Sagacity and Conduct 
 in this Occurrence, is worthy of Acknowledgment 
 and P-eward j having dextroufly blinded Cardinal 
 Mfixarinz, who is an Argus ; baffled his fevereft Scru- 
 tinies, and been highly inftrumental in procuring me 
 the Liberty I now again enjoy. 
 
 The Arabian Proverb fays, The Camel that tra- 
 vels oft in to Meccha, <u.-;7/ return lame at la/1. I had 
 for a long Time efiayed, to penetrate into the Drifts 
 of this Cardinal, as well of thofe of his Predeceflbr 
 Richlieu, yet found nothing but Pviddles. One 
 might as foon trace Arethufa in her Wandrings un- 
 der Ground, or purfue a Man in the intricate Mazes 
 of Dadalus, as difcover the Intrigues of this State- 
 Serpent, His Defigns are a perfedl Labyrinth. How- 
 ever, walking one Day in one of their Churches, I 
 eaft my Eye on a Stone in the Pavement, jult 
 before the Image of the Virgin Mary, which by the 
 perpetual kneeling of many thoufand Votaries, 
 was worn away half a Cubit. The Sight of this 
 made me conclude, That there is no Difficulty fo 
 N 2. great,
 
 a6S LETTERS Writ by Vol. IT. 
 
 great, which by affiduous Induftry, and conffont Re- 
 folution, may not be overcome. Chear'd with this 
 Thought, I determin'd with my felf never to faint, 
 or give over my moft ftrenuous Endeavours to un- 
 lock the Cabinet of this Great MiniJIer, wherein 
 I knew aH the Secrets of Eurcpe were laid up. I left 
 no Stone unturn'd to compafs my Defign ; I haunted 
 the Ccuit daily, and followed the Cardinal like his 
 Shadow. I infmuated with his Followers and Crea- 
 ture?, flatter'd the Soft and Ambiiious, prefented 
 Gifts to the Covetous ; was merry and frank with 
 feme, referv'd and grave with o hers : In fine, I 
 fo aim'd to comport myself with every one, that I 
 might win all. At length, knowing that there was 
 a private Jlgcnt from Prince Ragotjki come to this 
 Court, my Zeal for the Grand Sterner fuggefted to 
 me, That if I ceuld wind rry felf into this Man's 
 Acquaintance, I mould be able to unravel femerfatf 
 Secret, and do an acceptable Service to the Ottoman 
 Em} ire. 
 
 Opportunities are feldora wanting to the Watch- 
 ful and Diligent. I had Acquaintance enough at the 
 Court, and appearing often in the Retinue of Maza- 
 rine ; and the Cardinal fometimes fmgling me out, 
 and difcourfing with me, in the Prefence of the 
 Trarfyl'vaman, this Stranger took more than ordina- 
 ry Notice of me : Which gave me Occafion to ad- 
 drefs my felf to him, in Hopes to accompliih my 
 Purpofe. But Fate had othenvife decreed. The 
 Agent remcmbred my Face, and told me in the 
 Sclavm.ian Tongue, That he had feen me in the 
 Grand Senior's Seraglio. It is not hard for thee, 
 llluilrious Kaimachcm, to conceive the Diforder 
 I was in at this Challenge. But refuming Courage, 
 I replycd, That it ii-as pojpble be might ba<vc 
 fcen me tbrre ; for, I had formerly fermed a Ger- 
 man AmbafTador at the Ottoman Court, in Quality 
 of Secretary. He feemed fatisfied with my Ane 
 diflembJing his farther Thoughts : But, as I 
 
 after- 
 
 I 
 
 i\V<.
 
 t'ol. IT. a SPY at" PA R i s. 
 
 afterwards perceived, I owe my Confinement to 
 this fatal Interview. No doubt, but he remark'd 
 the particular Station I was in at the Seraglio, when 
 he came thither to negotiate for Prince Ragotjki 
 in Sultan AnmratWs Time. For, before I went to 
 Bed that Night, I was fent for to Cardinal Maza- 
 rini, and ftri&ly examined about my Country, my 
 Religion, Kiy BufmeC at Paris, and other Matters ; 
 and was fent away Prifoner to the Eajlile (which 
 was formerly a Citadel, creeled to awe this Town, 
 but not being found ferviceable in that Kind, is fmce 
 made a Prifon.) That which moft puzzles me is, 
 That I was not confronted Face to Face with this 
 Trafffifvantfatt. My Confinement was very clofe, 
 being denied the Ufe of Pen, Ink and Paper, and 
 the Accefs of any of my Friends. Indeed, I knew 
 not what Ufe to make of thofe Materials, nor durft 
 I write to any Body, left I mould have brought 
 them into the fame Snare, and done myfelf a great- 
 er Difxtrvice. A 1 ! my Comfort was, That 1 had 
 left EO Writings in my Lodgings, which could dif- 
 cover the Aftairs of my CommiJ/ion. 'Tis true, when 
 I was learch'd, they found the Alcoran in my Pocket, 
 which gave a mighty Jealoufy to the Cardinal, 
 but I excufed it by laying, I kept that Book, that 
 I might not forget my Ari>t>ick ; in which the Car- 
 dinal knew I .was wdl fkill'd, having formerly fcen 
 a Tranjlation which I made out of that Language 
 for Cardinal Ricblieu. Befldts, they found in my 
 Chamber, Plutarch's Live:, the Annals of Tacitus ; 
 Liiys Roman Hijicry, a Pbilofopbical Treatife of 
 Averroes, and a fmall TraS of Si. Augvjiine, one of 
 the Cbrijlian Fathers : Wh ; ch made it appear, as 
 reafonable to conclude me a Pagan or a Ctnjtian, 
 for having their Books by me, as a Turk for having 
 the Alcoran. 
 
 I Rill perfifted, in averting my felf to be Titus 
 
 ef Motdawia* and that I wa* a Cbrif.ian (Heaven 
 
 forgive the Perjury !) I had a Friar fent to me, who 
 
 N 3 exhorted
 
 LETTERS Writ by Vol. II. 
 
 exhorted me to a Confeffion of my Sin, thinking 
 this Way to pump the mighty Secret from me. But 
 this turned to my Advantage ; for calling to Mind a 
 Learned and Ingenious Friar, with whom I had con- 
 vers'd, and contracted fome Friendfhip, I fignified 
 my Refolution to confefs myfelf to him. This is a 
 Privilege could dot be denied me, it being lawful for 
 every Man to chufe his own ConfeJJbr. The Friar 
 was fent for : And, this being the only Time I was 
 like to fpeak to any of my Friends without Witnef- 
 fes, I improv'd the Advantage ; and to make my 
 'Confeffion leern the more fincere, I accufed myfelf of 
 what I never was guilty of, telling him with a well 
 counterfeited Sorrow, That the true Reafon of my 
 abandoning Moldavia, was, becaufe I had murdered 
 a near Kinfman there. My CojifeJ/icn ended, ai,xl 
 Absolution granted, the Friar embraced me, and tcl J 
 me, That he would do me all the Service he could> 
 in order to my Releafe. I exprcficd my Gratitude 
 in the beft Terms I could, and begged of him to vifit 
 me often, fince he was the only Perfon would be al- 
 lowed <to do me that kind Office. I will not detain 
 thee longer, fage B^ffa, in Expectation of the Iflue. 
 
 This honeft Friar was as good as his Word. He 
 was admitted to fee me almoft daily without Sufpi- 
 cion. I trufted him with Eliacbitns Acquaintance ; 
 which rendered him very ferviceable ; for he often 
 brought me Money from the Jeiv, when he knew 
 not how otherwife to convey it to me. In a Word, 
 between them both, they fo wrought on die Cardinal^ 
 that after Six Moons Imprifonment, I was released, 
 and am now in more Credit than before. 
 
 The Great God grant, that the Malice of the Infi- 
 deh may always turn to the Advantage of the Trite 
 Believers , and that from their Jealouftes, Occafions 
 may arife to promote the Intereft of the Qttamctn 
 Empire, 
 
 Paris, 24th of tkt 7th Moon, 
 of the Tear 1645. 
 
 LETTER
 
 Vol. II. a S P y at PA R i s. 271 
 LETTER XXXV. 
 
 To the Venerable Mufti. 
 
 AT length I .am rekas'd from a tedious Impri- 
 fonment, the Occafion of which the Kaima 
 chara will acquaint thee with. Had this happened 
 in Spain, my Ufage had been much worfe. And for 
 this Reafon, I efteem France the nobleit and freeft 
 Kingdom within the Pale of the Latin Church ; that 
 it never would fubmit to the Tyrc.nny of the I-nquiJl- 
 tion : Which is a kind of Ecclcfiaftical Divan, or 
 High- Court of Judicature, where C rimes againft the 
 Church and State are tried. It was firft erected at the 
 Ir.ftance of one Dominick, who for this meritorious 
 Project, was afterwards canonized a Saint. The 
 original Defign of it was, to extirpate the Moon and 
 Jews out of pain and Portugal. But now 'tis mads 
 a Trap for ali Strangers, and efpeqially thofe they 
 call Hereticks. Whofoever falls into it, is common- 
 ly fleec'd of his Eflate, and not feldom chous'd out 
 of his Life. For, the firft Thing the Holy Fatten 
 In^uijttt/rs do, is to make a zealous and devout In- 
 fpcction into the PofTeflions of the Prifoner. ]f 
 they find him Rich, that is fufficient to make him 
 Criminal ; and the good Fathers will take a plant 
 Care to difpofe of his Wealth. They have their 
 Spies in all Companies, who inform them of Mens 
 Words and Actions. Thtfe Hounds are always up- 
 on the Scent ; and will fmell a Hentick out if he 
 breathes within the Purlieu of their Hunt. A Man 
 dares not fay his Soul is his even in thefe Countries ; 
 nor claim the Privilege to exercife his Reafon,. The 
 Inhabitants live in a moft abject Slavery to tue 
 Pricjlhcod, and Travellers mufl drag the Chain, bri- 
 dle their Tongues, and curb their Actions for their 
 c\vn Security . But in Ft -ance the Iniptif.tiw is ab- 
 
 horr'd,
 
 LE TTE RS Writ by Vol.11, 
 
 horr'd, and an immortal Averfion conceived againft 
 the Tyranny, and cruel Practices of the Spaniards, 
 Tke People are of more generous Tempers, the Laws 
 are not fo rigorous, and yet theji come far fhort of 
 the Juflice of the Ottoman Empire. Though my Con- 
 finement was tedious, yet 'twas tolerable ; and, if I 
 could not be happy in a Prifon, fo neither was I pro- 
 perly miferable. 
 
 When Evil furprizes us, we commonly affright 
 our felves, by beholding it in its grofs Bulk ; our 
 fcattered Spirits are aftonifhed at an infinite Bug- 
 bear. Whereas, if we take a more particular Sur- 
 vey of the dreadful Object, anatomize and view it 
 Piece by Piece, we find, that the greateft Part of 
 what fo difmayed us, had no orher Exiftence than 
 in our own Imaginations. Thus when I was firft 
 feized by Cardinal Mazarinfs Order, I prefaged to 
 my felf no lefs than infufferable Tortures, an igno- 
 minious Death, and (which affected me with the 
 moft fenfible Grief) the Difcovery of my Commijficn, 
 and the Affairs* of the Sullime Port. When I firft 
 enter'd the Prifcn, I hid adieu to all Joy and Comfort 
 in this Life, and thought of nothing but preparing 
 my felf for the other World, where I hoped to be 
 renewed again to immenfe Fleafures, the Delights of 
 Paradife, as a Reward of my Sufferings for that 
 Laiv, which was brought down from Heaven by the 
 Angel Gabriel, 
 
 Thefe were my firft Thoughts in Prifon ; but 
 when Sleep had compofed rny Spirits, and Time 
 had render'd me more familiar with the Place of 
 my Reftraint, I began to think it was not impoffi- 
 ble to live, and even to regain my Liberty. How- 
 ever I refolved to alleviate the Caufe of my Reftraint, 
 by contracting my Bellres within a narrower Com- 
 p'afs, and circumfcribing my Wimes within thofe 
 Walls which confined uy Body. I framed to my 
 felf Felicities, out of the Contemplation of my Mi- 
 fery, and by considering what I enjoyed, I paci- 
 fied
 
 Vol.11. a SPY at PARIS. 273 
 
 fied my Difcontent for what I wanted. I was not 
 fo clofe {hut, but that I could at Pleafure let in 
 ffefh Air, and take a Profped of the City and adja- 
 cent Fields at my Window. This made me relifti 
 my Prifon with feme Degree of Content. The Want 
 which ir oft sffiicled me, was, that of Fountain 
 Water; which I durfl not fo much as afk for, in 
 fuch Quantities as are requifite to the Cleannsfs of 
 a Mvfiulmati, left I (hould have confirmed them in , 
 the Sufpicion which was the Occafion of iry Impri- 
 fonment. For, I was fure, my Actions would be 
 narrowly obferved. 
 
 The fame Caution made me not refufe to eat on 
 Swine's Flefh, and drink freely of Wine, when once 
 invi'ed to the Gmerxor's Table. 'Tis true, I had 
 great Scruples r.nd Fears upon me. But, I com- 
 forted my felf with thofe Pa/Iages in the dlcoran, 
 which feem to indulge us thisLibaty in Cafaof Ne- 
 ceffity, by afluring us, That God is the Merciful of 
 the Mercrful, and that he requires not unreafonable 
 Performances of his Creatures. Otherwife, I fhould 
 have thought every Morfel I fwallow'd of that exe- 
 crable Meat would have choakcd me, and every 
 Draught of Wine have been my Poifon. Tell me, 
 Greet Oracle of Truth, whether in this I have no: 
 finned ? I think my felf rot innocent, till thou haft 
 pronounced me fo. However, this Frank nefs in 
 Eating and Drinking with the Chrijiians, without 
 the leaft Referve or Nicenefs, contributed fomething 
 to their better Opinion of me. Men are generally 
 fo wedded to their own Cuftoms, that he looks like 
 a Mcnftcr, who thwarts them, and docs not comply 
 with the prefent Mode. And the French have a 2Vo- 
 i-crb, 'Jhat ijchin a Man is at Rome, be mttji live 
 like the Romans. 
 
 I believe I was invited to this Collation in order to a 
 Difcovery ; and had I rcfufed to eat and drink what 
 was before ire, it had, no doubt, been a convincing 
 Argument to thefe Irfdils, that J was a Mnjjulman.
 
 T 
 
 leafe b 
 
 274 LETTERS Writ by Vol. IL 
 
 If I have finned in this Point, 'I humbly crave thy 
 Abfolution and Prayers ; but, if I have done well, in- 
 form sac, that fo I may have Peace of Confdence. 
 
 Paris, 24th of the yth Moon, 
 of the Tear 1645. 
 
 LETTER XXXVI. 
 
 To Mehemet, an Eunuch Page in tbe 
 Seraglio. 
 
 HOU haft long ago heard of my Imprifon- 
 ment at Paris, let not the News of my Re- 
 leafe be unwelcome to thee. If tho;i diil then fym- 
 pathize with my Sufferings, now take a Share in my 
 Joy. I believe thou haft Friendfhip enough to do 
 both ', and, I am willing thou fhouldeil divide the 
 One with me as well as the Other. 
 
 I will not therefore make thee melancholy with 
 a Rehearfal of my Fears and Apprehenfions, my 
 Wants and Discontents, with other doleful Circum- 
 fiances of a Prifon. I am now at Liberty, let Sad- 
 nefs vanifh. Yet I have not fo forgot rny late Grief, 
 as to be now exceflive in my Joy, fince I am liable 
 to the fame, or a worfe Difafter again. It is ne- 
 ver good to be fecure, while we are ignorant v/hat's 
 the next Potion that Fate is tempering for us. Mo- 
 deration keeps a Man upon his Guard ; and, if any 
 Stroke of Misfortune be aim'd at him, he is aware 
 of the Blow, and fo can either dextroufly ward it 
 off," or at leaft take hon6urable Quarter : Whereas 
 he that fuffers himfelf to be dilTolv'd, and his Mind 
 unbent with Profperity, is taken Captive by Evil, 
 without being able to make any eaiy Conditions 
 for himfelf. I love to have my Eyes open, and to 
 look round the whole Horizon of Contingencies : I 
 
 watch 5
 
 Vol. II. # S p Y at P A R 1 5. 
 
 watch for the very Poffibilifcies of Misfortune, that fo 
 I may not be catch'd napping by a Calamity, but be 
 always in a State to fence, or make Composition. 
 
 I will now tell thec with more Freedom than I did 
 the Mufti, what happened to me during my Impri- 
 fonment. The Governor of the Citadel where I was 
 confin'd, invited me one Day to a Banquet. I need 
 not give thee an Inventory of the various Dimes, 
 with which his Table was furnifhed : Our Entertain- 
 jnert was geneious, he regai'dme beyond theExpec- 
 peclation of a Prifoner ; and had there not bten a 
 Defign in it, I mould have admired the Bounty of 
 this Infidel. But iSs Treat was a Snar-, and con- 
 trived for a Tsjt or i" Religion, Whether I was -a 
 Difdple of Mahomet or J,fu( ? Thou knoweft the 
 Chriftians eat Swine's Flelh, and drink Wine, which 
 the Mvjfulmans have in Abomination. We had Plenty 
 of both at this Feaft, and I durft not be fq^eamifh at 
 either. I tell thee, though I eat of the one with lit- 
 tle Pleafure, yet I drank of the other without any 
 Difguft. Thefe Nazu.-r/es imitate the ancient Gr<x- 
 cians at their Banquets, in drinking of Healths to 
 fuch as they moil efleem. The Governor plied me 
 with GlaJJts, and I quaffed liberally. Policy and 
 S elf-Prefervation taught me ta begin the Debauch ; 
 and, the Charms of that tempting Liquor would not 
 fuffer me to fhrink to the End. The Wines of 
 France are very delieate, and we had choice of the 
 Beit. The Pleafare I enjoyed at this Banquet, had 
 aimoft reconciled me to the Difciples of Hali ; and, 
 I could have wiflVd our Prophet had been in a better 
 Humour, when he forbid us the Juice of the Grape. 
 He promifes us Rivers of Wine in Paradife, and, 
 while I was in my Cups, I thought he night con- 
 nive at us, for taking a Glafs or two fornetimes on 
 Earth. If thou haft not yet tafted this enchanting 
 Liquor, I wifh thee to abftain as long as thou liveft ; 
 for otherwise thou wilt find it very difficult to over- 
 come the Defires of it, or to live without it. For 
 
 my
 
 276 LETTERS Writ fry, &c. Vol. II. 
 
 my part, I greedily longed for it before ever I tafted 
 it, becaufe it was forbid : And now I have often had 
 my Fill of it, my Appetite is increafed. The more 
 I drink, the greater is my Thirft after it, which is 
 never like to be quench'd, 'till I mail drink at the 
 Original Fountains of Wine in Paradife. 
 
 I do not think it fo great a Sin as our Doftors 
 would make us believe ; fmce the Divine Lawgiver 
 prefcribes Abftinence from Wine, rather as a Coun- 
 fel, than a Command. If theu art of another Opi- 
 nion, I cenfure thee not. The late Sultan Amuratb 
 was of my Mind ; and many Grandees at the Port 
 count it no Herejie. All the Danger lies in the Ex- 
 cefs. I am no Advocate for Drunkards. 
 
 Let thefe Things be fpoken like Words in a Dream, 
 which cannot be remember'd again. Thou haft Pru- 
 dence enough to take Care, that this Letter fall not 
 into the Hands of fueh as mall difpofe of it in the 
 Wall of the Ha%oda. It is evident th*t I love thee, 
 in that I thus frankly difclofe fuch Paffages as 1 would 
 not have others be privy to. 
 
 After all, I declare I mould efteem my felf much 
 more happy, might I exchange Paris for Conftanti- 
 nof/e, and the moft delicious Wines of Europe, for 
 the wholefome Sherbets of AJia. 
 
 May Heaven fulfil my Defire to fee thee onae again, 
 with the reft of my Friends at the Seraglio. Cont.nue 
 thy Affe&ion to Mahmut, who loves his Friends with-r 
 out Hypocrify. Aditu. 
 
 Paris, 24th of the yth Moon, 
 of the Tear 1645. 
 
 According to the Ghriftian %&. 
 
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