■ fiticeLEY I 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF 
 CALIFORNJA 
 
 ; Calcutta. 
 
LIEUT.-(}ENERAL SIR JAMES_ 
 
 OUTEAM'S CAMPAIGN IN INDIA, 
 
 1857-1858; 
 
 COMPRISING 
 
 GENERAL OEDERS AND DESPATCHES 
 
 RELATING TO THE DEFENCE AND RELIEF OF THE LUCKNOW GARRISON, 
 AND CAPTURE OF THE CITY, BY THE BRITISH FORCES ; 
 
 ALSO, 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 RELATING TO THE RELIEF, UP TO THE DATE WHEN THAT 
 OBJECT WAS EFFECTED BY SIR COLIN CAMPBELL. 
 
 Printed for Presentation to Personal Friends of Sir James Outram, who begs that it 
 may be regarded as a Private Communicatioii, and not a Publication. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRINTED FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY, 
 BY SMITH, ELDER AND CO., 65, CORNHILL. 
 
 M.DCCCLX. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 This volume has been printed for private circulation 
 among the personal friends and comrades in arms of Sir 
 James Outram. 
 
 When Sir James Outram, after the fall of Lucknovv, 
 assumed the seat in the Supreme Council of India to 
 which he had been appointed some months previously, 
 he found himself overwhelmed with applications from 
 officers who had served under him, for extracts from his 
 General Orders and Official Correspondence, for testi- 
 monials to personal services, and for authoritative state- 
 ments regarding various events connected with the recent 
 campaign. 
 
 Unable to reply to these almost incessant requisitions 
 without neglecting his duties as member of Council, 
 Sir James invoked the aid of the Government press ; 
 and leaving his friends to make their own extracts, he 
 furnished them with authenticated printed copies of his 
 Despatches. 
 
 This concession, however, led to fresh demands. In 
 the Calcutta reprint, the Despatches and other docu- 
 ments were given, withoilt r^fferefttreto the chronological 
 order of the events they described, and in a form neither 
 pleasant to the eye nor convenient for reference. His 
 friends, therefore, entreated him to consent to their 
 reproduction in this country ; urging him to give with 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 them his Correspondence, both epistolary and telegraphic, 
 which he had maintained during the recent stirring 
 events, and which was then scattered through volu- 
 minous blue-books, inaccessible newspaper files, and 
 isolated pamphlets and memoirs. 
 
 Any publication of his despatches and correspond- 
 ence, Sir James, however, promptly and peremptorily 
 declined ; and it was not till after much solicitation that 
 he agreed to have them reprinted at his own expense, 
 for distribution among his more immediate friends : and 
 in making this qualified concession, he stipulated that, 
 with his own Despatches, should be given those of his 
 brother Generals. 
 
 But the pressure of his official duties utterly pre- 
 cluded Sir James preparing the promised volume for the 
 press, and he forwarded the materials to his confidential 
 agents, Messrs. Smith, Elder and Co., with a request 
 that they should endeavour " to reduce the chaotic mass 
 to order, ruthlessly commit the rubbish to the flames, 
 print only what was likely to interest the friends to 
 whom the volume was to be presented, and obtain the 
 sanction of the India authorities in England for the 
 distribution of the volume." 
 
 Messrs. Smith, Elder and Co. placed Sir James 
 Outram's despatches and correspondence in the hands of 
 a literary gentleman of military knowledge and expe- 
 rience, whom they authorized to exercise his own discre- 
 tion as to what should be preserved and what rejected ; 
 and they requested him to furnish such introductory 
 and connective remarks as he might deem indispensably 
 necessary for the due elucidation of the text. 
 
 65, CORNHILL. 
 
INTEODUCTION. 
 
 On the 6th February, 1856, the memorable Proclamation was 
 issued by the Indian Government decreeing the annexation of 
 Oude. The execution of the decree was entrusted to Sir James 
 Outram, the British Resident at the Court of Lucknow, and 
 it was carried into effect without resistance. The late Resident 
 became Chief Commissioner of the newly-acquired territory ; 
 but he had scarcely succeeded in organizing its civil admmis- 
 tration, when failing health compelled him to repair to England. 
 While in this country, he was selected by her Majesty's Ministers 
 for the united military and diplomatic command of the Persian 
 expedition. His appointment as Chief Commissioner of Oude, 
 which the new preferment necessarily vacated, was bestowed on 
 the late Sir Henry Lawrence, and Sir James Outram and his 
 friends believed that he had bidden a final adieu to Oude. 
 But it was otherwise ordered. The Persian war was rapidly 
 brought to a close, and Sir James Outram was, on his return 
 to India, called upon to exercise his militaiy talents in the 
 province he had so recently ruled in peace. 
 
 The example set by the mutineers of Meerut and Delhi had 
 been followed by their brethren in other parts of India. Within 
 a month, the whole of Hindostan, from Calcutta to Peshawur, was 
 in a flame, and the sepoy army of Bengal had ceased to exist 
 as a regular and disciplined force. India had been, to a great 
 extent, denuded of British troops ; in the first place, owing to 
 the exigencies of the Russian war, and subsequently by havhig 
 been called upon to furnish the Persian expeditionai'y force. The 
 b 
 
VI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 utmost energies of the Government were taxed to prevent the 
 communication between Bengal Proper and the Upper Provinces 
 from being effectually interrupted by the rebels, before the 
 arrival of reinforcements ; for which requisitions had been made 
 to the Presidencies of Madras and Bombay, to the Governors of 
 Ceylon, Mauritius, and the Cape, and to the officers in command 
 of the expedition then en route for China. The territories 
 under the Presidency of Bengal somewhat resemble in shape 
 an hour-glass, of which Allahabad and Benares represent the 
 narrow middle, being straitened by mountains in the west, and 
 the turbulent province of Oude on the east. At these two 
 important towns all the great roads between the upper and lower 
 provinces meet. Benares, the focus of Hindoo fanaticism, was 
 without a European soldier ; whilst the Fort of Allahabad, 
 which commands both the Grand Trunk Road and the Ganges 
 and Jumna at their point of junction, was garrisoned by a few 
 sepoys and a body of native artillerymen. 
 
 Under these critical circumstances, the Government, leaving 
 the reduction of Delhi to the force which Sir John Lawrence 
 had sent from the Punjaub, concentrated their efforts in hurrying 
 up troops to the nearest points of immediate danger. The affair 
 admitted no delay, for it was obvious that if the native troops in 
 Oude, with or without the support of the warlike chiefs of that 
 country, had made themselves masters of Allahabad — which 
 might have been accomplished, notwithstanding all the efforts 
 of the small body of European pensioners whom Sir Henry 
 I^awrence had, with his wonted promptitude and on his own 
 responsibility, ordered to repair there — the upper and the lower 
 provinces would have been effectually isolated from each other. 
 Happily for us, the mutineers acted neither wisely nor in con- 
 cert: the mutiny at Lucknow, which occurred on May 30th, 
 was, through the prompt and wise measures of Sir Henry Law- 
 rence, restricted to a portion of the troops ; and its result was 
 humiliating to the mutineers, who were driven to ignominious 
 flight, and, instead of hastening to Allahabad, sought sympathy 
 and refuge at the different military stations in Oude. The 
 
INTRODUCTION. vii 
 
 troops at Benares delayed their emeitte, till the arrival of Colonel 
 Neill on the 4th of June insured their utter defeat ; and though 
 the 6th Regiment at Allahabad, on the same day, murdered 
 their European officers, and perpetrated other atrocities, the 
 surviving English fell back on the fort; for which the wise 
 foresight and promptitude of Sir Henry Lawrence had secured 
 a small European garrison. Here, watli the aid of Brasver's 
 gallant Sikhs, they held their own, till the arrival of Neill, 
 who, on procuring adequate reinforcements from Benares, had 
 started off at the head of a flying column for the release of 
 Allahabad. On the 12th of June he entirely defeated the 
 mutineers, who broke and fled, but his want of cavalry ren- 
 dered pui'suit impossible. Thus Benares and Allahabad were 
 saved, and the communication secui-ed between the latter place 
 and Calcutta. 
 
 But Cawnpore was now in the hands of the mutineers, who, 
 under the command of the infamous Nana, had been besieging 
 the gallant Wheeler and his heroic bund from June 5th ; the 
 British inhabitants of Lucknow, also, w^ere preparing to resist 
 the attack on their position which Sir Henry Lawrence had long 
 seen to be inevitable. Ere Neill could advance to Wheeler's 
 succour, that brave but too confiding officer and his garrison 
 had fallen victims to a fiendish act of treachery ; and within a 
 few days of that event the Lucknow garrison had entered on 
 their ever memorable " defence." 
 
 On the 30th Jmie, Colonel Neill was superseded by Brigadier- 
 General Havelock, w^io had recently retm-ned from Persia, 
 where Sir James Outram had obtained for him a divisional 
 command.. General Havelock left Allahabad on this occasion 
 at the head of 2,000 Europeans, consisting of the 64th Regi- 
 ment, the 78th Highlanders, the Madras Fusiliers, and a com- 
 pany of Royal Artillery; and on the 12tli July, he attacked 
 the insurgents, 15,000 strong, capturing eleven grms, and scat- 
 tering their forces in utter confusion in the direction of Lucknow. 
 In this battle, known by the name of Futtehpore, not a single 
 European was wounded. But while this engagement was taking 
 b 2 
 
viii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 place, a terrible catastrophe occurred at Cawnpore : Nana Sahib 
 had ordered the murder of all his prisoners. Thus, when Have- 
 lock, after having tln'ice beaten the enemy in the field and 
 captured fifteen of his guns, re-took Cawnpore, cheered by the 
 prospect of rescuing his captive countrymen and countrywomen, 
 he found that he had arrived too late for aught but vengeance. 
 
 On the 20th July General Havelock was joined by General 
 Neill at the head of 1,000 Europeans, and the combined force 
 moved on Bithoor, the fort which the British Government had 
 presented to Nana Sahib, and the usual residence of that mis- 
 creant. This was found to be evacuated. General Havelock then 
 advanced in the hope of being able to relieve the garrison of 
 Lucknow, who continued resolutely to hold their weak and strag- 
 gling entrenchment amid dangers that may well have appalled 
 the bravest, and difiiculties that were all but insurmountable. 
 On the 29th, he gained a decisive victory over the rebels, 10,000 
 strong, at Oonao, and on the same day he pushed on to Busserut 
 Gunge, where he gained another victory. But the want of re- 
 inforcements, and the influence of the weather, thwarted the 
 efforts of this " hero of antique grandeur," and of his devoted 
 troops. He was at last compelled to fall back and cut his 
 way through the enemy to Cawnpore, where he arrived, with 
 scarcely 900 men, on the 11th September. Here he entrenched 
 himself, while awaiting the arrival of his friend and former 
 chief. Sir James Outram, on his arrival at Calcutta, was at 
 once placed in command of the Dinapore and Cawnpore 
 divisions of the army, and at the same time was nominated to 
 the Chief Commissionership of Oude ; which office had then 
 been vacant for some weeks, owing to the lamented deaths 
 of Sir Henry Lawrence and his interim successor Major 
 Banks. 
 
 The following Despatches illustrate the events in which Sir 
 James Outram more or less participated subsequently to his 
 nomination to the Dinapore and Cawnpore divisions on August 
 5th, 1857. But these are not the despatches of Sir James alone: 
 they embrace those of Sir Colin Campbell, Sir Henry Have- 
 
INTRODUCTION. IX 
 
 lock, Sir John Inglis, as well as many of their subordinate 
 officers ; and it is the same with the Correspondence. 
 
 Had the Editor consulted his own inclinations, he would 
 have interspersed the Despatches and Correspondence in such a 
 manner as to form the whole into a continuous narrative. 
 But, as Sir James Outram sent them home in separate fasciculi, 
 the Editor has assumed that he wished them to be printed 
 separately; though in the Parliamentary Blue Books no such 
 technical distinction is maintained. 
 
 The Correspondence, it will be seen, does not extend be- 
 yond the date on which Sir James Outram took ujd his position 
 on the plain of Alumbagh, to hold the armed hosts of Lucknow 
 in check until the Commander-in-Chief should be in a position 
 to undertake the capture of that city. There are many who 
 will regret this : but the reason is obvious. Whatever differences 
 of opinion may have existed, after that date, between Sir James 
 and the Governor-General as to questions of policy, up to that 
 period, the most perfect unanimity prevailed among all those 
 on whom it devolved to guard the interests and honour of their 
 country, either in the Cabinet or the Field : had they been 
 brothers, it is impossible that a more affectionate cordiality or a 
 more perfect harmony of views could have characterized their 
 communications. It is gratifying to observe the incessant 
 exertions made by the Governor-General and the Commander- 
 in-Chief to supply Generals Outram and Havelock with the 
 troops of which they stood so urgently in need, and curious 
 to mark the extraordinary value attached to Europeans : even 
 reinforcements of twenty or thirty men are announced by tele- 
 graph to the expectant Generals, and the grateful thanlvs of the 
 latter for such valuable aid are promptly returned by the same 
 agency. 
 
 The Editor has, in obedience to his instructions, excised a 
 portion of the Correspondence, both epistolary and telegraphic. 
 He, however, trusts that he has not done so to such an extent 
 as to impair the interest of the volume. 
 
 One portion of the Correspondence the Editor may possibly 
 
X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 be blamed by some for suppressing — that referring to the mea- 
 sures adopted and the severe orders issued by Sir James 
 Outram on his way to Cawnpore, with the object of repressing 
 the spirit of vengeance which had displayed itself among our 
 European soldiers ; who were too apt to regard every sepoy as a 
 mutineer, and every native inhabitant of hostile villages as a 
 treacherous enemy whom it was just to slay and criminal to 
 spare. The reproduction of what was written on the subject 
 would indeed bring into pleasant relief the equanimity and 
 humanity of the officer whom Lord Canning had selected to 
 reduce the Central Provinces to order, and to be the exponent 
 and enforcer of his own merciful policy; but it would, at 
 the same time, awaken painful reminiscences, and revive inci- 
 dents which, lamentable as they were, have been greatly 
 exaggerated. Sir James Outram's Orders on these events, 
 though virulently assailed at the time by some newspaper 
 critics, have since met with general approval; and from the 
 first they received the cordial approbation of both Lord 
 Canning and Sir Colin Campbell. 
 
 From the Correspondence it will be seen how eager the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief ever showed himself to protect his Generals 
 from the injustice of the Press. Sir James Outram having been 
 denounced for having retarded the progress of some troops, 
 when at the very time he was straining every nerve to hasten 
 their advance. Sir Colin Campbell, who would probably 
 have allowed a hundred such diatribes to pass unnoticed 
 had they only affected himself, hastened to vindicate the 
 reputation of his Lieutenant through the medium of a General 
 Order. 
 
 The Despatches and Correspondence tell their own tale. In 
 a few, but very few, places, the Editor deemed it necessary to 
 introduce some explanatory remarks ; but he has made them as 
 brief as possible. 
 
 Three plans accompany this volume. The first is a copy of 
 that sent by Sir James Outram to the Alumbagh, along with 
 the instructions he furnished for the guidance of the force 
 
INTRODUCTION. XI 
 
 which advanced to the second relief of Lucknow, in No- 
 vember, 1857. On this are indicated the route which Sir 
 James Outram marked out for General Havelock's force, and 
 that by which the Commander-in-Chief subsequently advanced. 
 The second exhibits Sir James Outram's position at the Alum- 
 bagh ; and the third illustrates the final capture of Lucknow 
 by the army under Sir Colin Campbell in March, 1858. 
 
PAET I. 
 
 GENEEAL OEDEES AND DESPATCHES, 
 
 RELATING TO 
 
 THE RELIEF OF THE GARRISON OF LUCKNOW; 
 
 THE 
 
 DEFENCE OF THE ALUM BAGH POSITION ; 
 
 AND 
 
 THE SIEGE AND CAPTURE OF TPIE CITY OF LUCKNOW, 
 
 1857-58. ' 
 
GENERAL OEDEES AND DESPATCHES, 
 
 &C., &C. 
 
 General Orders by His Excellency the Acting 
 Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Head Quarters, Calcutta, 5th August, 1857. 
 
 The following arrangements are directed, with the 
 sanction of the Right Honourable the Governor- General 
 of India in Council : — 
 
 Major-General Sir James Outram, K.C.B., Chief 
 Commissioner in Oude, to exercise the Military Com- 
 mand of the united Dinapore and Cawnpore Divisions, 
 until further orders. 
 
 Brevet Colonel R. Napier, Chief Engineer, to be 
 Military Secretary and Chief of the Adjutant- General's 
 Department with Sir James Outram. 
 
 Captain Huntley R. Garden, Assistant Quarter- 
 master General of the Army, is attached in that 
 capacity to Major-General Sir James Outram's com- 
 mand. 
 
 Lieutenant F. H. M. Sitwell, of the 31st Regiment of 
 Native Infantry, to be Aide-de-Camp, and Lieutenant 
 F. E. A. Chamier, of the 34th Regiment of Native 
 Infantry, to be Interpreter and Aide-de-Camp, on the 
 personal Staff of Sir James Outram. 
 
 The permanent establishment of Officers of the 
 several Departments of the General Staff belonging to 
 1-2 
 
the Dinapore and Cawnpore Divisions, will receive their 
 orders from Major-General Sir James Outram, and he 
 located as he may consider most advisable. 
 
 Major-General G. W. A. Lloyd, C.B., is removed 
 from the Divisional Staff of the Army. 
 By Order of His Excellency the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 W. Mayhew, Major, 
 
 Deputy Adjt.'Genl. of the Army. 
 
 Notification. 
 Fort William. — Foreign Department. 
 
 Dated the Wth of September, 1857. 
 The Governor- General in Council is pleased to re- 
 appoint Major-General Sir James Outram, K.C.B., 
 commanding the troops in the Dinapore and Cawnpore 
 Divisions to be Chief Commissioner in Oude, vice Major- 
 General Sir H. Lawrence, K.C.B., demised. 
 
 Mr. W. J. Money, C.S., is appointed to act as Private 
 Secretary to Sir James Outram. This is temporary. 
 
 G. F. Edmonstone, 
 
 Secretary to the Government of India. 
 
 [Sir James Outram started to join General Havelock at the 
 head of the reinforcements, and en route the gallant action was 
 performed by Major Vincent Eyre which is noticed in the fol- 
 lowing despatches.] 
 
 The Deputy Adjutant-General of the Army to 
 the Secretary to the Government of India. 
 Head Quarters, Calcutta, 
 
 September l6th, 1857. 
 
 I have the honour, by desire of the Commander-in- 
 Chief, to forward for submission to the Governor- 
 General in Council, despatches in original from Major- 
 General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., reporting the opera- 
 tions of a detachment of troops sent under the command 
 
of Major V. Eyre, of the Artillery, to dislodge a party 
 of insurgents who had effected a footing in the Doab 
 from the Oude territory, near the village of Koondun 
 Puttee. 
 
 2. I am to add that His Excellency concurs in Sir 
 J. Outram's recommendation of Major Eyre, and his 
 detachment, to the favourable notice of Government. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 W. Mayhew, ifa;or. 
 
 The Secretary to the Government of India to the 
 Deputy Adjutant- Generau of the Army. 
 With reference to your letter of the l6th instant, 
 forwarding Major's Eyre's report of his success- 
 ful operations against a party of rebels who crossed 
 from the Oude side of the Ganges into the Doab, I am 
 directed to acquaint you, for the information of His 
 Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, that the Governor- 
 General in Council highly appreciates this further good 
 service rendered by Major Eyre and the detachment 
 under his command, and has noted with satisfaction 
 the energy and sound judgment exhibited by Major 
 Eyre and his officers in the execution of it. 
 
 I am, &c., 
 
 R. J. H. Birch, Colonel. 
 
 Major- General Sir J. Outram to the Deputy Adjutant- 
 General of the Army. 
 Camp Thureedon, Sept. Wth, 1857. 
 I have the honour to report, for the informa- 
 tion of His Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, that 
 on arriving at my camp, Katogun, on the 9th instant, I 
 received definite information that a party of insurgents 
 from Oude, amounting to from 300 to 400, with four 
 guns, had crossed the Ganges near the village of Koon- 
 
6 
 
 dun Puttee, fifteen miles north of Khaga, on the trunk 
 road, between Futtehpore and Allahabad. 
 
 Operations against them could be best effected from 
 this encampment, because I could here obtain the most 
 certain intelligence, and my having apparently passed the 
 direct road to them, was likely to throw them off their 
 guard. I accordingly sent orders to halt the leading 
 column, in order to have rested men for the work. 
 
 On joining Major Simmons's column at this place, I 
 despatched, under Major Eyre, a party consisting of 100 
 of her Majesty's 5th Fusiliers, and 50 of her Majesty's 
 64th Regiment, mounted on elephants, with two guns, 
 and completely equipped with tents, two days' cooked 
 provisions, and supplies for three more. 
 
 Captain Johnson's detachment of the 12th Irregulars, 
 consisting of 40 men, made a forced march, and concen- 
 trated with Eyre's party at Hutgaon Khas yesterday 
 evening, having completed 40 miles. 
 
 For the further proceedings, I beg to refer his Excel- 
 lency to Major Eyre's despatch. His reputation as a 
 successful leader had already been so well established, 
 that I purposely selected him for this duty, in the per- 
 fect confidence that he would succeed. 
 
 The importance of this success will, I am sure, be 
 fully appreciated by his Excellency and the Governor- 
 General. I now consider my communication secure, 
 which otherwise must have been entirely cut off during 
 our operations in Oude ; and a general insurrection, I 
 am assured, would have followed throughout the Doab, 
 had the enemy not been destroyed, as they were but the 
 advanced guard of more formidable invaders ; from 
 which evils having been preserved by Major Eyre's 
 energy and decision, that officer and the detachment 
 under his command are, I consider, entitled to thankful 
 acknowledgments from Government, which I am confi- 
 dent will not be withheld. 
 
Major Eyre to Colonel Napier. 
 
 Koondun Puttee, Sept. Wth, 1857. 
 
 I am happy to have it in my power to report, for the information of 
 Major-General Sir James Outram, K.C.B., that the expedition he did 
 me the honour of entrusting to my command has been attended with 
 entire success, and the daring invasion of this territory from Oude has 
 been signally punished. 
 
 I arrived at Hutgaon last evening at dusk, where I was joined by 
 Captain Johnson's troop of the 12th Irregular Horse, forty in number. 
 As they had marched twenty-four miles, and were in need of rest, I 
 halted till half-past one a.m., when we had the advantage of moon- 
 light to pursue our march to Koondun Puttee, where we arrived at 
 daybreak. 
 
 The Oude rebels having been apprised but a short time previously 
 of our advance, had fled precipitately to their boats, about half a mile 
 off. I ordered the cavalry, under Captain Johnson and Lieutenant 
 Havelock, to pursue them, and followed up, myself, with all practica- 
 ble speed with the infantry and guns. We found the cavalry had 
 driven the enemy into their boats, which were fastened to the shore, 
 and were maintaining a brisk fire on them from the bank above. 
 
 On the arrival of the detachments of Hill's 5th Fusiliers and 64th 
 Foot, under Captains Johnson and Turner, the fire of our musketry 
 into the densely crowded boats was most telling ; but the enemy still 
 defended themselves to the utmost, until the guns under Lieutenant 
 Gordon opened fire, Avhen the rebels instantly threw themselves, panic- 
 stricken, into the river. Grape was now showered upon them, and a 
 terrific fusilade from the infantry and cavalry maintained, until only 
 a few scattered survivors escaped. Their numbers appeared to be 
 about 300. 
 
 Previously to their plunging into the river, they threw their guns 
 overboard, and blew up one of their boats, which had been boarded by 
 a party of infantry, whereby, I regret to say, one man of Hill's 5th v/as 
 killed, and ten, more or less, injured (of whom five were Europeans and 
 five natives). All the ofiicers mentioned above distinguished them- 
 selves highly ; and the conduct of the men was all that could be 
 desired. 
 
 Captain Impey, of the Engineers, and Mr., Volunteer Tarby, have 
 likewise, by their zeal and usefulness, merited my thanks and com- 
 mendation. 
 
 P.S. — Having heard of another party of rebels at a ghaut higher up 
 the river, I have despatched the cavalry to reconnoitre. 
 
 Major V. Eyre, Commanding Field Detachment, to 
 Colonel Napier, Military Secretary. 
 
 Camp Futtehpore, Sept. 12th, 1857. 
 
 I have the honour herevsdth to forward a correct return of killed and 
 wovmded on the late expedition to Koondun Puttee. 
 
 In the postscript of my despatch of the 11th instant, I mentioned 
 having sent the forty 12th Irregular Cavalry troopers, under Captain 
 
8 
 
 Johnson, to reconnoitre, and, if possible, to intercept a party of Oude 
 rebels said to have landed at Ukree Ghaut. 
 
 They had, however, retreated across the river before Captain John- 
 son's troop could get at them ; bvit a small fort, which had been 
 recently erected near the ghaut by the rebels, was destroyed by Captain 
 Johnson. 
 
 1 was informed by Mahomed Zuboor Khan, the Thanadar of Koon- 
 dun Puttee, that, had not the Oude invaders been checked, and a 
 portion of them destroyed by our troops, it was their intention to have 
 overrun the whole country between Futtehpore and Allahabad, with 
 a view of interrupting our communication and impeding our operations. 
 
 He also assured me that the following persons on this side of the 
 river had taken an active part in these disturbances and hostile designs, 
 viz. : Bhunmur Sing, Zemindar of Ukree, Ramsahaj (h^t) of Hutgaon 
 (an active confederate of the former), Seetta Bux and Piilwan Sing, of 
 Burgulla, and Nurlusta Kumaroodeen Hoossain, of Puttee. 
 
 1 take this opportunity of mentioning that the detachment of the 12th 
 Irregulars had already marched twenty-four miles, when they received 
 the sudden order to join me at Hutgaon, and, although both men and 
 horses had been a whole day without food, they galloped on the whole 
 way t ) meet me, a distance of nine miles further, guided by that 
 energetic officer. Captain Dawson, of the 1st N. I., who also took a 
 conspicuous part in their subsequent operations. 
 
 Nominal Retukn of Killed and Wounded with the Field Force under 
 command of Major V. Eyre, Artillery, on the 11th of September, 1857. 
 
 Her Majesty^s 6th. — Private Isaac Money, Stephen Lally, Thomas 
 Walker ; Charles Helford, slightly burnt ; Private William Berant, 
 severely burnt; Corporal Henry Evans, slightly burnt, sword-cut in 
 head. 
 
 Artillery. — Tent Lascar, severely burnt; Tent Lascar, bullet wound, 
 severely. 
 
 12th Irregular Cavalry, — Hossein Bux, slight sword-cut. 
 
 Commissariat. — Jemadar of Mahouts, killed. 
 
 Camp Folloicers. — Three (names unknown), severely burnt. 
 
 [The following General Order by his Excellency the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief, with its enclosures, refers to the march of 
 the column on Lucknow, and the arrangements made by the 
 generals.] 
 
 General Orders by His Excellency the 
 Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Head Quarters^ Calcutta^ 
 
 28th September, 1857. 
 Seldom, perhaps never, has it occurred to a Com- 
 mander-in-Chief to publish and confirm such an order 
 
as the following one, proceeding from Major- General 
 Sir James Outram, K.C.B. 
 
 With such a reputation as Ma] or- General Sir James 
 Outram has won for himself, he can well afford to share 
 glory and honour with others. But that does not lessen 
 the value of the sacrifice he has made with such disin- 
 terested generosity in favour of Brigadier- General 
 Havelock, C.B., commanding the field force in Oude. 
 
 Concurring, as the Commander-in-Chief does, in 
 everything stated in the just eulogy of the latter by 
 Sir James Outram, his Excellency takes this oppor- 
 tunity of publicly testifying to the Army his admiration 
 for an act of self-sacrifice and generosity, on a point, 
 which, of all others, is dear to a real soldier. 
 
 The confidence of Major- General Sir James Outram 
 in Brigadier- General Havelock is indeed well justified. 
 The energy, perseverance, and constancy of the Briga- 
 dier-General, have never relaxed throug^hout a lono- 
 series of arduous operations, in spite of scanty means, 
 a numerous and trained enemy, and sickness in his 
 camp. Never have troops shown greater or more 
 enduring courage than those under the orders of 
 Brigadier- General Havelock. 
 
 The force and the service at large are under the 
 greatest obligations to Sir James Outram, for the manner 
 in which he has pressed up the reinforcements to join 
 Brigadier- General Havelock, in the face of much 
 difficulty. 
 
 The following orders are confirmed : — 
 
 Division order by Major-General Sir James Outram, 
 K.C.B. , commanding the Dinapore and Cawnpore 
 Divisions of the Army. 
 
 Camp Cawnpore^ \^th September, 1857. 
 1. All Cawnpore divisional reports to be made for 
 
10 
 
 the information of Major- General Sir James Outram, 
 K.C.B., commanding. 
 
 2. The force selected by Brigadier- General Ilavelock, 
 which will march to relieve the garrison of Lucknow, 
 will be constituted and composed as follows : — 
 
 Infantry. 
 
 Ist Brigade. — Her Majesty's 5th Fusiliers ; Her 
 Majesty's 84th Eegiment, and detachment 64th Foot 
 attached; 1st Madras Fusiliers; — Brigadier- General 
 J. G. S. Neill, commanding, nominating his own 
 Brigade Staff. 
 
 2nd Brigade. — Her Majesty's 78th Highlanders ; Her 
 Majesty's QOth Light Infantry ; Ferozepare Kegiment ; 
 — Brigadier Hamilton, commanding, nominating his 
 own Brigade Staif. 
 
 Artillery. 
 
 3rd Brigade. — Captain Maude's Battery, Captain 
 Olphert's Battery, Brevet Major Eyre's Battery ; Major 
 Cooper to command, nominating his own Staff. 
 
 Cavalry. — Volunteer Cavalry, 12th Irregular Cavalry; 
 Captain Barrow to command. 
 
 Engineer Department. — Captain Crommelin, Chief 
 Engineer ; Lieutenants Limond and Judge, Engineers ; 
 Captain Cakes, 8th Native Infantry ; — Assistant Field 
 Engineer. 
 
 Brigadier- General Havelock, C.B., to command the 
 Force. 
 
 The important duty of relieving the garrison of 
 Lucknow had been first entrusted to Brigadier- General 
 Havelock, C.B., and Major-General Outram feels that 
 it is due to that distinguished officer, and to the strenu- 
 ous and noble exertions which he had already made to 
 effect that object, that to him should accrue the honour 
 of the achievement. 
 
li 
 
 Major- General Outram is confident that this great 
 end, for which Brigadier -General Havelock and his 
 brave troops have so long and so gloriously fought, will 
 now, under the blessing of Providence, be accomplished. 
 
 The Major- General, therefore, in gratitude for, and 
 admiration of, the brilliant deeds of arms achieved by 
 Brigadier- General Havelock and his gallant troops, will 
 cheerfully waive his rank in favour of that officer on 
 this occasion, and will accompany the force to Lucknow 
 in his civil capacity, as Chief Commissioner of Oude, 
 tendering his military services to Brigadier- General 
 Havelock as a volunteer. 
 
 On the relief of Lucknow, the Major- General will 
 resume his position at the head of the Forces. 
 
 By Order of his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 W. Mayhew, Major, 
 
 Deputy Adjutant- General of the Army. 
 
 [The following Field Force After Order, by Major-General 
 Havelock, was not published in General Orders : — ] 
 
 Cawnpore, l6t/i September, 1857. 
 Brigadier- General Havelock, in making known to the 
 column the kind and generous determination of Major- 
 General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., to leave to him the 
 task of relieving Lucknow and rescuing its gallant and 
 enduring garrison, has only to express his hope that the 
 troops will strive, by their exemplary and gallant conduct 
 in the field, to justify the confidence thus reposed in them. 
 
 [During the advance of the column the following telegraphic 
 despatches were forwarded to head-quarters, showing the suc- 
 cesses achieved : — ] 
 
 Telegraphic Despatch from General Havelock. 
 
 Dated Bussarut Gunge, 21st September, 1857. 
 I have to request that you will inform his Excellency the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief that I was joined by my reinforcements on the 16th 
 and IGth instant. 
 
12 
 
 On the 19tli, I crossed first to the island on the Ganges, and then to 
 its left bank, by a bridge of boats, which had been laboriously con- 
 structed by Captain CrommeUn, Field Engineer. The enemy retired 
 after a very feeble, in fact a nominal, resistance to his position at Mun- 
 garwara. The two brigades of my force occupied an alignment, with 
 the right centre behind sand-hills, the centre and left on a plain ex- 
 tending to the road from Lucknow Ghaut to Mungarwara, 
 
 My heavy guns and baggage Avere passed over on the 20th. This 
 morning I attacked the enemy, turned his right, and drove him from his 
 position, with the loss of four guns, two of which, and the regimental 
 colour of the 1st Bengal N. I., were captured by the volunteer cavalry 
 in a charge headed by Sir James Outram. The loss on our side was 
 trifling. The enemy siiffered severely — about 120 were sabred by the 
 cavahy. 
 
 Telegraphic Despatch from Sir J. Outram to the 
 Governor- General. 
 
 Dated Baga Gunge, 22nd September, 1857. 
 The rebels along the road are flying before our force, which marched 
 twenty miles to-day, and yesterday fourteen miles. Their retreat was 
 too precipitate to enable them to destroy the Bunnee Bridge. Only 
 four guns were taken, biit many have been cast into wells, and only 
 four passed the Bunnee Bridge. Firing at Lucknow distinctly heard, 
 and royal salutes by our 24-pounders have been fired by us to an- 
 nounce our approach to our friends. 
 
 Telegraphic Despatch from Sir J. Outram to the 
 Governor- General. 
 
 Dated Lucknow Residency, 26th September, 1857. 
 Yesterday General Havelock's force, numbering about 2,000 men of 
 all arms, the remainder being left in charge of the sick, wounded, and 
 baggage occupying the Alum Bagh, forced their way into the city 
 under serious opposition. After crossing the Char Bagh bridge the 
 troops skirted the city to the right, thereby avoiding the enemy's de- 
 fensive works prepared through the entire length of the main street, 
 leading directly to the Residency. Still much opposition had to be 
 encountered ere we attained the Residency in the evening — just in time 
 apparently; for now that we have examined the ou.tside of the defences, 
 we find that two mines had been run far under the garrison's chief 
 works — ready for loading — which, if sprung, must have placed the 
 garrison at their mercy. Our loss is severe, not yet correctly ascer- 
 tained, but estimated at from four to five hundred killed and wounded. 
 Among the former are General Neill, Lieutenant Well, 40th; Major 
 Cooper, Artillery ; Captain Pakenham, 84th ; Lieutenant Webster, 
 78th ; Lieutenant Bateman, 64th ; and Lieutenant Warren, 12th Irre- 
 gular Cavalry. Among the latter, Lieutenant Havelock, Deputy 
 
13 
 
 Assistant Adjutant-General ; Major Tytler, Deputy Quartermaster- 
 General, and many others. 
 
 To-day the troops are occupied in taking the batteries bearing on 
 the garrison, which have been held till now assaulted, and continued 
 occasionally to fire on the Residency. Since our junction with the 
 garrison last night many thousands of the enemy have deserted the 
 city 
 
 I send lists of survivors in the garrison, . . . also list of the 
 dead. 
 
 [The notifications and despatches that now follow do not require 
 any elucidation on the part of the editor ; for the correspondence 
 following the despatches will fully tell the tale of the relief of 
 Lucknow, when read in connection with the despatches.] 
 
 Notification. — Fort William. 
 
 ^nd October, 1857. 
 
 The Governor- General in Council rejoices to an- 
 nounce that information has been this day received 
 from Major-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., show- 
 ing that the Residency at Lucknow was in the possession 
 of Major-General Havelock's Force on the 25th ultimo, 
 and that the garrison is saved. 
 
 Rarely has a commander been so fortunate as to 
 relieve, by his success, so many aching hearts, or to 
 reap so rich a reward of gratitude as will deservedly 
 be offered to Major-General Havelock and his gallant 
 band, wherever their triumph shall become known. 
 
 The Governor- General in Council tenders to Sir 
 James Outram and to Major -General Havelock his 
 earnest thanks and congratulations upon the joyful 
 result of which a merciful Providence has made them 
 the chief instruments. 
 
 The Governor- General in Council forbears to observe 
 further upon information which is necessarily imperfect ; 
 but he cannot refrain from expressing the deep regret 
 with which he hears of the death of Brioadier-Gcneral 
 
14 
 
 Neill, of the 1st Madras European Fusiliers, of which it 
 is to be feared that no doubt exists. 
 
 Brigadier- General Neill, during his short but active 
 career in Bengal, had won the respect and confidence of 
 the Government of India ; he had made himself con- 
 spicuous as an intelligent, prompt, self-reliant soldier, 
 ready of resource and stout of heart ; and the Governor- 
 General in Council offers to the Government and to the 
 army of Madras, his sincere condolence upon the loss of 
 one who was an honour to the service of their Presi- 
 dency. 
 
 By order of the Governor- General of India in Council. 
 R. J. H. Birch, Colonel , 
 
 Secretary to the Government of India, 
 in the Military Department. 
 
 With reference to the preceding General Order by 
 the Eisrht Honourable the Governor- General in Council, 
 No. 1,543, of this day's date, and in recognition of the 
 heroism of the defenders of the Residency at Lucknow, 
 the Right Honourable the Governor- General in Council 
 hereby orders that — 
 
 1. Every officer and soldier, European and native, 
 who has formed part of the garrison of the Residency, 
 between the 29th of June and the 25th of September 
 last, shall receive six months' batta. 
 
 2. Every civilian in the Covenanted Service of the 
 East India Company, who has taken part in the defence 
 of the Residency, within the above-named dates, shall re- 
 ceive six months' batta, at a rate calculated according to 
 the military rank with which his standing corresponds. 
 
 3. Every uncovenailted civil officer or volunteer who 
 has taken a like part, shall receive six months' batta, at 
 a rate to be fixed according to the functions and position 
 which may have been assigned to him. 
 
15 
 
 4. Every native commissioned and non-commissioned 
 officer and soldier who has formed part of the garrison, 
 shall receive the Order of Merit, with the increase of 
 pay attached thereto, and shall be permitted to count 
 three years of additional service. 
 
 5. The soldiers of the 13th, 48th, and 7 1st Eegi- 
 ments N. I., who have been part of the garrison, shall 
 be formed into a Regiment of the Line, to be called the 
 Regiment of Lucknow, the further constitution of which, 
 as regards officers and men, will be notified hereafter. 
 
 R. J. -H. Birch, Colonel, 
 Secretary to the Govt, of India, Military Department. 
 
 By order of his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, 
 
 W. Mayhew, Major, 
 
 Deputy Adjutant- General of the Army. 
 
 Brigadier- General H. Havelock, to Captain H. W. 
 Norman, Assistant Adjutant- General. 
 
 Residency, Lucknoto, SOth Sept., 1857. 
 Major-General Sir J. Outram having, witli cliaracteristic generosity 
 of feeling, declared that the command of the force should remain in 
 my hands, and that he would accompany it as Civil Commissioner only, 
 until a jimction could be effected with the gallant and enduring gar- 
 rison of this place, I have to request that you will inform his Excel- 
 lency the Commander-in-Chief that this piu-pose was effected on the 
 evening of the 25th instant. But before detailing the circumstances I 
 must refer to antecedent events. I crossed the Sye on the 22nd instant, 
 the bridge at Bunnee not having been broken. On the 23rd, I found 
 myself in presence of the enemy, who had taken a strong position, his 
 left resting on the enclosure of the Alum Bagh, and his centre and 
 right drawn up behind a chain of hillocks. The head of my column 
 at first suffered from the fire of his guns, as it was compelled to pass 
 along the Trunk Koad between morasses, but as soon as my regiments 
 could be deployed along his front, and his right enveloped by my left, 
 victory declared for us, and we captured five gtms. Sir J. Outram, 
 with his accustomed gallantry, passed on in advance, close down to the 
 canal. But as the enemy fed his artillery with guns from the city, it 
 was not possible to maintain this, or a less advanced position for a time 
 taken up ; but it became necessary to throw our right on the Alum 
 Bagh, and refuse our fcfl, and even then we were incessantly can- 
 nonaded throughout the 24th ; and the enemy's cavalry, 1 ,500 strong. 
 
16 
 
 crept round through lofty cultivation, and made a sudden irruption 
 upon the baggage massed in our rear. The soldiers of the 90th, form- 
 ing the baggage guard, received them Avith great gallantry, but lost 
 some brave officers and men, shooting down, however, twenty-five of 
 the troopers, and putting the whole body to flight. They were finally 
 driven to a distance by two guns of Captain OljDherts' battery. 
 
 The troo^DS had been marching for three days under a perfect deluge 
 of rain, ii-regularly fed, and badly housed in villages. It was thought 
 necessary to jjitch tents, and permit them to halt on the 24th. The 
 assault on the city was deferred until the 25th. That morning our 
 baggage and tents were deposited in the Alum Bagh, under an escort, 
 and we advanced. The 1 st Brigade, under Sir James Outram's per- 
 sonal leading, drove the enemy from a succession of gardens and walled 
 enclosures, supported by the 2nd Brigade, which I accompanied. Both 
 brigades were established on the canal at the brigade of Char Bagh. 
 
 From this point the direct road to the Residency was something less 
 than two miles ; but it was known to have been cut by trenches, and 
 crossed by palisades at short intervals, the houses also being all loop- 
 holed. Progress in this direction was impossible ; so the united column 
 pushed on, detouring along the narrow road which skirts the left bank 
 of the canal. Its advance was not seriously interrupted until it had 
 come opposite the King's Palace, or the Kaiser Bagh, where two guns 
 and a body of mercenary troops were entrenched. From this entrench- 
 ment a fire of grape and musketry was opened, under which nothing 
 could live. The artillery and troops had to pass a bridge partially 
 under its influence ; but were then shrouded by the buildings adjacent 
 to the palace of Pureed Buksh. Darkness was coming on, and Sir James 
 Outram at first proposed* to halt within the courts of the Mehal for the 
 night; biit I esteemed it to be of such" importance to let the beleaguered 
 garrison know that succour was at hand, that, with his ultimate sanc- 
 tion, I directed the main body of the 78th Highlanders and Regiment 
 of Ferozepore to advance. This column rushed on with a desperate gal- 
 lantry, led by Sir James Outram and myself, and Lieutenants Hudson 
 and Hargood, of my staff", through streets of flat-roofed, loop-holed 
 houses, from which a perpetual fire was kept up, and overcoming every 
 obstacle, established itself -within the enclosure of the Residency. The 
 joy of the garrison may be more easily conceived than described ; but 
 it was not till the next evening that the whole of my troops, guns, 
 tumbrils, and sick and wounded, continually exposed to the attacks of 
 the enemy, could be brought step by step within this enceinte and the 
 adjacent palace of the Pureed Buksh. To form an adequate idea of 
 the obstacles overcome reference must be made to the events that 
 are known to have occurred at Buenos Ay res and Saragossa. Our 
 advance Avas through streets of houses such as I have described, and 
 thus each forming a separate fortress. I am filled with surprise at the 
 success of the operation, which demanded the efforts of 10,000 good 
 troops. The advantage gained has cost us dear. The killed, wounded, 
 and missing, the latter being Avounded soldiers, Avho I much fear, some 
 
 * This point will be found adverted to in the letter from Sir James Outram to 
 the Commander-in-Cliief which follows. 
 
17 
 
 or all, have fallen into the hands of a merciless foe, amounted, up to the 
 evening of the 26th, to 535 officers and men. Brigadier- General Neill, 
 commanding 1st brigade; Major Cooper, brigadier, commanding artil- 
 lery; Lieutenaut-Coloiiel Bazely, a volunteer with the force — are killed. 
 Colonel Campbell, commanding 90th Light Infantry; Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Tytler, my deputy-assistant quartermaster-general; and Lieutenant 
 Havelock, my deputy-assistant adjutant-general, are severely but not 
 dangerously wounded. Sir James Outram received a flesh wound in 
 the arm, in the early part of the action near Char Bagh; but nothing 
 could subdue his spirit; and though faint from loss of blood, he con- 
 tinued to the end of the action to sit on his horse, which he only 
 dismounted at the gate of the Eesidency. As he has now assumed the 
 command, I leave to him the narrative of all events subsequent to 
 the 26th. 
 
 Enclosed is the return of casualties up to that date. 
 I have, &c., 
 
 H. Havelock, Brigadier- General, 
 
 Commanding Oude Field Force. 
 
 NAMES OF OFFICERS KILLED AND WOUNDED. 
 
 Killed. 
 
 General Staff. — Brigadier-General Neill; Brigadier (Major) Cooper, 
 Artillery; Lieutenant-Colonel Bazely, Bengal Artillery. 
 
 Artillery. — Lieutenant Crump, Madras Artillery; Assistant -Surgeon 
 Bartnim. 
 
 12^/i Irregular Cavalry. — Lieutenant Warren. 
 
 Detachment, Her Majesty's 6Ath. — Lieutenant Bateman. 
 
 Her Majesty's 78th Highlanders. — Lieutenant Webster; Lieutenant 
 Kirby. 
 
 Her Majesty's SAth. — Captain Pakenham ; Lieutenant Poole. 
 
 Her Majesty's 20th Light Infantry. — Lieutenant Moultrie. 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 General Staff. — Major-General Sir J. Outram, G. C. B. ; Captain 
 Becher, A. A. G. ; Captain Orr, slightly. 
 
 Divisional Staff. — Captain Dodgson, A. A. G. ; Lieutenant Sitwell, 
 A. D. C. 
 
 Field Force Staff. — Lieutenant-Colonel Tytler, D.A.Q.M.G. ; Lieu- 
 tenant Havelock, D. A. A. G. 
 
 Engineers. — Captain Crommeliu, slightly. 
 
 Artillery. — Captain Olpherts, slightly. 
 
 Volunteer Cavalry. — Lieutenant Lynch, Her Majesty's 70th, slightly; 
 Lieutenant Palliser, 63rd Bengal Native Infantry, slightly; Lieutenant 
 Swanston, 7th Madras Native Infantry; Lieutenant Birch, 1st Bengal 
 Light Cavalry, severely. 
 
 Her Majesty's bth Fusiliers. — Captain L'Estrange, severely; Captain 
 Johnson, severely. 
 
 Her Majesty's 78th Highlanders. Captain Lockhart, severely ; 
 
 Captain Hastings, slightly; Lieutenant Crowe, slightly; Lieutenant 
 Swanson, severely ; Lieutenant Grant, severely ; Lieutenant Jolly, 
 2 
 
18 
 
 Her Majesty's 32nd (attached), since dead ; Lieutenant Macplierson, 
 slightly. 
 
 Her Majesty's ^ith. — Captain Willis, slightly; Lieutenant Barry, 
 slightly ; Lieutenant Oakley, severely ; Lieutenant Woolhouse, severely. 
 
 Her j\fajesti/''s dOth Light Infantry. — Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell, 
 severely; Lieutenant Knight, severely; Assistant-Surgeon Bradshaw, 
 slightly; Lieutenant Preston, slightly. 
 
 1st Madras Fusileers. — Lieutenant Arnold, since dead; Lieutenant 
 Bailey, severely. 
 
 Extract from a letter addressed by Sir James Outram 
 to his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, 
 
 Alumbagh, 2nd January, \^bS. 
 
 I trust that you will forgive me for bringing a small 
 personal matter to your private notice which has caused 
 me some slight annoyance, for such consideration as you 
 may think it deserving of. 
 
 I perceive from the published despatch of Sir Henry 
 Havelock, describing the operations connected with his 
 entrance into Lucknow for the relief of the garrison, the 
 lamented General therein states that, after taking the 
 Chatter Munzil, we held a conversation, at which I 
 recommended that we should remain where we were, 
 while he advocated pushing on at once, and adopted the 
 latter course. 
 
 It seems to me that a dispassionate peruser of the 
 above passage would infer that the relief of the garrison 
 was due to General Havelock's adoption of his own 
 views in preference to mine, and I therefore wish to 
 explain that I proposed a halt, of only a few hours' 
 duration, in order to enable the rear-guard, with which 
 were all our heavy guns, the baggage, and the doolies 
 containing our wounded, to come up, by which time the 
 whole force would have occupied the Chutter Munzil in 
 security, which we were then holding, and from which 
 we could have effected our way to the Residency by 
 opening communication through the intervening palaces ; 
 
19 
 
 in a less brilliant manner, it is true, but with compa- 
 ratively little loss ; at the same time offering to show 
 the way through the street if he preferred it. I submit 
 that the result proved the soundness of my advice. 
 General Havelock pushed on without waiting for the 
 rear-guard, which was consequently cut off for two 
 nights and a day, not effecting its entrance to the en- 
 trenchment until the morning of the 27th, and then 
 only at a heavy sacrifice of life, and the loss of a nine- 
 pounder gun and much baggage, and, still more sad to 
 relate, at the cost of the lives of very many wounded 
 officers and men, who were cut up in their doolies. 
 (N.B. — The return of killed during that period was 
 61, and '^1 missing. The latter being the unfortunate 
 wounded.) This disaster would have been prevented, 
 had the rear-guard been allowed to come up before we 
 vacated the Ch utter Munzil, as our light artillery from 
 thence would have kept down the fire from the Kaiser 
 Bagh, which was the principal cause of all the casual- 
 ties. And the wounded were murdered at the entrance 
 of the Chutter Munzil, which we had vacated. 
 
 It may seem to your Excellency that I should have 
 made these observations before, and I have therefore to 
 state, that I should certainly have requested the General 
 to modify that passage in his despatch in which he 
 mentions that I was desirous of a halt, had my name 
 appeared in the official original which was forwarded 
 through me by cossid to Captain Bruce, for transmission 
 to your Excellency. But as such was not the case, I 
 can only conclude that it was subsequently interpolated 
 without the knowledge of General Havelock, when (on 
 hearing that the original had miscarried) a copy was 
 furnished which did not pass through my hands. 
 
 I am well aware that in surrendering the command to 
 General Havelock, I left him at undoubted liberty to put 
 2—-^ 
 
20 
 
 on record his own impressions regarding the conduct of 
 the operations ; but I am sure that if he were alive, he 
 would at once assent to the correctness of what I have 
 above stated. 
 
 It is with no desire of controversy, or any wish to 
 reflect injuriously on the illustrious dead, that I mention 
 the above facts for your private information. I think it 
 only due to my professional reputation, however, to put 
 you, my superior officer, in possession of the real facts 
 of the case, because if the despatch, as it stands, gives 
 you the impression (which, I think, I am justified in 
 assuming it might do) that General Havelock accom- 
 plished such an achievement as that of the relief of 
 Lucknow, by adopting a course of action contrary to 
 that which I had recommended, it would naturally shake 
 your confidence in me, and lead you, not unreasonably, 
 to doubt my fitness to undertake the conduct of similar, 
 or other military operations. 
 
 [In reference to this subject, the editor has received the fol- 
 lowing communication from an officer of the beleaguered garri- 
 son, to whom he submitted the foregoing letter, and from whom 
 he soHcited some explanatory information with reference to the 
 amicable difference of opinion here referred to as existing 
 between the two generals : — ] 
 
 Consult the plans, and bear in mind the circumstances of the case. 
 Generals Outram and Havelock both believed that the garrison was 
 on its last biscuit ; and they had been unable to bring -vvith them 
 any provisions beyond the few days' rations the men carried in their 
 havresacks. They came not to reinforce, but to extricate us. Their 
 object, therefore, was not so much to accelerate their advance to our 
 position as — with the least possible sacrifice of those precious hves on 
 which the safe removal of the garrison must be, in a great measure, de- 
 pendent — to open and keep open such communications with the Resi- 
 dency as should enable us to be withdrawn with our sick and wounded, 
 women and children. In this view, the concentration of the entire re- 
 lieving force, under the shelter of the palaces, appeared to Sir J. Outram 
 preferable to pushing on at once, and leaving the rear-guard behind ; and 
 he thought it more advisable to open commrmications with the Residency 
 
21 
 
 through the comparatively sheltered courts and gardens of the palaces 
 (which, once occupied, could have been retained as long as was neces- 
 sary), than to advance through crooked streets of loopholed houses, with 
 the certainty of having either to repass these streets with the enfeebled 
 and encumbered garrison, or to force a passage through the palaces, 
 which the enemy would, in all probability, have by that time reoccu- 
 pied. And it was a part of Sir J. Outi-am's plan to facilitate the arrival 
 of the rear-guard at the Chutter Mimzil (where he proposed making the 
 halt), by ordering the field guns, then up with the main body, to open 
 such a fire as shoiild effectually divert the enemy's attention, if not 
 altogether silence those guns of the Kaiser Bagh, from which he foresaw 
 the rear-guard must otherwise suffer severely. As it was, the palaces 
 had to be seciu-ed and occupied the next or the following day. It was 
 through them that the garrison was eventually removed, two months 
 later, by Sir Colin Campbell. Even after the arrival of the Commander- 
 in-Chief's army, and notmth standing the gi-eat extension in all directions 
 which our position had ere then received, this w^as the only safe or prac- 
 ticable egress. And that it was not only practicable but safe, on the 
 afternoon of September 25th, Sir James Outram, whose local knowledge 
 was considerable, Captain Moorsom, on whose surveys of Lucknow the 
 only acciu-ate plans of the city are based, and Captain Alexander 
 P. Orr, the commandant of a regiment in the late King of Oude's ser- 
 vice, and who had for years been familiar vnth. every inch of the locality, 
 had satisfied themselves by a personal reconnaissance. Expecting that 
 the reheving force would enter Lucknow by the regidar Cawnpore road, 
 the enemy had made theu- dispositions accordingly. A portion remained 
 at their old batteries to keep the garrison in play, and prevent its 
 making a diversion in favoui' of General Havelock ; but the over- 
 whelming majority had gone out to hold the barricades, breastworks, 
 batteries, and loopholed houses, extending from the Charbagh bridge to 
 the Eesidency, which had {prepared to resist our relief. On finding that 
 the British troops had, through the local knowledge and under the guid- 
 ance of Sir James Outram (aided by Captains Moorsom and Orr), been 
 enabled to baffle their arrangements by a flank movement, the sepoys, 
 regular and irregular, began that evacuation of the city which they had 
 completed on the morning of the following day ; but the artUlery stood 
 to their posts, and the budmashes, Rajwarra troops, and matchlockmen 
 hastened to retrieve their mistake by pom-ing down on the Ime of 
 route actually adopted. They swarmed in the direction by which 
 the rear-guard must advance to effect a junction with the main body 
 then under the shelter of the neighbouring palaces ; and they occupied 
 the streets, and every position commanding the streets that led from the 
 palaces to the Eesidency, as the casualties too plainly prove. But they 
 had not been able to obtain possession of the palaces. These, as I have 
 said, were quite deserted. 
 
 Though General Outram afterwards " concurred " in General Have- 
 lock's determination to push on without the rear-guard, and to take the 
 street route, instead of that through the palaces, he retained his own 
 opinion to the last. But, as he had voluntarily placed himself under 
 General Havelock, it would have been imbecoming in him to persist 
 in setting up his judgment in opposition to that of his commander. He 
 
22 
 
 yielded; but, in doing so, craved permission to lead what he knew 
 must be a fearfully perilous advance. 
 
 I scarcely imderstand what General Havelock meant to express, when 
 referring to his anxiety to let the garrison know that succour was at 
 hand. Mines had certainly been prepared against one or more of our 
 principal positions, the explosion of which might have proved serious. 
 But of the existence of these mines, the relieving force was then igno- 
 rant. We were by no means hardly pressed by the enemy, Avhose 
 attention was amply engaged by the glorious Havelock liimself and his 
 brave troops. We had been for some days prepared for the arrival of 
 the relieving force ; our ears made its sufficiently acquainted with their 
 actual aj)proacli ; and our topographical knowledge enabled ns to guess 
 pretty accurately the progress they were making, and the positions they 
 had secured. 
 
 Division Orders. 
 hucknow Residency, 2Q)th September , 1857- 
 
 The relief of the Lucknow Garrison having last night 
 been accomplished by General Havelock and his brave 
 troops, Major- General Sir J. Outram resumes his posi- 
 tion as commander of the forces. 
 
 The Major- General heartily congratulates General 
 Havelock, and the troops whom that gallant and dis- 
 tinguished officer has so gloriously led to victory, on 
 their brilliant successes over the hosts that have opposed 
 them since the army crossed the Ganges on the 19th 
 instant. He sincerely believes, that in the history of 
 warfare British valour was never more conspicuously 
 displayed than on the 21st instant, at Mungulwura, 
 on the 23rd at Alumbagh, and on the 25th, when his 
 heroic comrades forced the city bridge and other for- 
 midable obstacles which interrupted their passage to 
 the position held by the beleaguered garrison. The 
 Major- General deeply laments the heavy cost at which 
 the relief of our countrymen has been purchased ; but 
 the glorious devotion with which the gallant dead, and 
 equally gallant survivors, staked their lives to rescue 
 the Lucknow garrison, will be deeply appreciated by 
 our Queen and our country ; and the safety of those 
 whom we, under God's blessing, have been permitted 
 
23 
 
 to redeem from a dreadful fate, must be our conso- 
 lation for the loss of so many of our noble comrades. 
 The Major- General begs to return his most sincere 
 and heartfelt thanks to the General and his gallant 
 army for their glorious exertions, the only acknow- 
 ledgment of their achievements which it is in his power 
 to render. On General Plavelock it will devolve, in his 
 reports to the Commander-in-Chief, to do justice to the 
 army which has so devotedly carried out his orders. But 
 while fully aware that every arm was stimulated by the 
 same brave spirit, the Major- General deems it right to 
 bear his personal testimony to the admirable conduct of 
 such of the troops as acted under his immediate obser- 
 vation. He would especially note the behaviour of the 
 90th Regiment, who led the advance of the left attack at 
 Mungulwura : that of the Volunteer Cavalry, who charged 
 the artillery of the retiring enemy, and captured two 
 of their guns ; that of the 84th and detachment of the 
 64th attached to it, who led the attack on the enemy's 
 left at Alumbagh ; that of Captain Olpherts' battery, 
 who so bravely followed up their retreat on that occa- 
 sion ; and Major Eyre's battery, in opposing the enemy 
 who afterwards bore on their position ; that of the 5th 
 Fusiliers and Captain Maude's battery, who led the 
 column on the 25th instant, under a most murderous 
 fire; that of the 1st Fusiliers (Madras), who charged 
 the bridge and battery at the entrance of the city, 
 headed by the gallant assistant adjutant-general. Lieu- 
 tenant Havelock; and finally, that of the 78th High- 
 landers, who led the advance on the Residency, headed 
 by their brave commander. Colonel Stisted, accompanied 
 by the gallant Lieutenant Hargood, aide-de-camp to 
 General Havelock; Captain Grant, 1st Madras Fusi- 
 liers ; Lieutenant Hudson, 64th Regiment, and Lieu- 
 tenant Chamier, aide-de-camp. 
 
24 
 
 Supplemental Order. 
 
 The Major- General regrets to find, that in noticing 
 the services of the troops which came under his per- 
 sonal attention, in Division Orders of 26th instant, he 
 omitted to mention the Regiment of Ferozepore and its 
 gallant leader, Captain Brasyer. The Major- General in 
 that order merely referred to what he himself observed, 
 but was well aware that this Regiment was most promi- 
 nently forward on every occasion. Though happening 
 seldom to be in the same part of the field, he takes 
 blame to himself for having inadvertently omitted to 
 mention their advance with the 90 th at Mungulwura, 
 which did come under his personal observation. The 
 time has not yet come for the Major-General to notice 
 the conduct of the troops subsequently to his assuming 
 command, during which period the Sikh Regiment has 
 been incessantly occupied on most important service ; 
 but they may rest assured that they, as well as all the 
 corps who have, like them, highly distinguished them- 
 selves since, will be brought to prominent notice. 
 
 Major-General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., to His Excel- 
 lency Sir Colin Campbell, G.C.B., Commander- 
 in- Chief. 
 
 Lucknow, SOth September, 1857. 
 General Havelock having effected his junction with 
 the garrison holding the Residency of Lucknow on the 
 evening of the 25th instant, I, on the following day, 
 resumed command of the troops, issuing the Order,* of 
 which I enclose a copy for his Excellency's information. 
 I had on the day after leaving Cawnpore sent a note 
 to the Commandant of the garrison, informing him of 
 our approach, and warning him not to be enticed into 
 
 * Order of Septembtr 2G, vide antea. 
 
25 
 
 weakening his garrison by detaching to our support 
 when he should hear us engaged in the city, lest the 
 enemy should avail themselves of that opportunity to 
 assault his position. This note I have since learnt he 
 received. A copy is enclosed.* 
 
 Since we have obtained access to the exterior of the 
 entrenchments, we find that the enemy had completed 
 six mines in the most artistic manner — one of them 
 from a distance of 200 feet — under our principal defen- 
 sive works, which were ready for loading, and the firing 
 of which must have placed the garrison entirely at their 
 mercy. The delay of another day, therefore, might 
 have sealed their fate. 
 
 To force our way through the city, would have proved 
 a very desperate operation, if indeed it could have been 
 accomplished. 
 
 After passing the bridge, therefore, which is at the 
 entrance. General Havelock took his force by a detour 
 to the right, where but little means comparatively of 
 opposition had been prepared, until he approached the 
 front of the "Kaiser Bagh " (King's Palace), from 
 whence a heavy fire was opened upon us, and from that 
 point (through a limited extent of about a quarter of a 
 mile of street which then intervened before reaching 
 the Eesidency) the troops were much exposed to the 
 fire of the enemy, occupying the houses on both sides, 
 as well as to some of the besieging guns which had been 
 turned against us, besides being obstructed by ditches 
 which had been cut across the street — all which ob- 
 
 * To Brigadier Inglis. 
 
 North Side of the River, 20th September, 1857. 
 The army crossed the river yesterday and, all the material being over, 
 marches to-morrow, and, under the blessing of God, will now relieve you. The 
 rebels, we hear, purpose making a desperate assault upon you as we api)roach 
 the city, and will be on the watch in expectation of your weakening your gar- 
 rison to make a diversion in our favour as we attack the city. I beg to warn 
 you against being enticed too far from your works when you hear us engaged. 
 Sucli tliversion as you can make, without in any way risking your position, 
 should only be attempted. J. Ouxkaju. 
 
26 
 
 stacles were overcome by the usual gallantry and dash 
 of British troops, but at a heavy cost. The Residency 
 was gained in the evening ; and the cheers of our 
 rescued comrades overcame for the time our regrets for 
 the many who had fallen in their cause. 
 
 General Havelock's report will acquaint your Excel- 
 lency with details ; my own reports commencing from 
 the following day, when, as the enemy had, during the 
 night, continued to hold his offensive position and to 
 maintain his fire on the entrenchment, it became my 
 first object to occupy or destroy his works ; for, inde- 
 pendent of the damage caused by his fire to the now 
 crowded garrison, no communication could be held with 
 the city. I, therefore, on the morning of the 26th, 
 ordered the " Captain Bazar " to be cleared, which has 
 heretofore harboured the enemy in vexatious proximity 
 to the garrison, and it was occupied by her Majesty's 
 32nd Regiment under Brigadier Inglis, capturing five 
 guns, with a loss of one officer (Captain Hughes, 
 57th L. I.) and two privates killed, and seven privates 
 wounded ; thus removing all obstruction from the river 
 side of our position. 
 
 On the 27th September, the palaces extending along 
 the line of the river, from the Residency to near the 
 " Kaiser Bagh " ("Tara Kotee," " Chuttur Munzil," and 
 "Forad Buksh"), were occupied for the accommodation of 
 our troops. On the same day, at noon, a party, consisting 
 of 150 men, made a sortie on another of the enemy's posi- 
 tions, and destroyed four guns, at a loss of eight killed 
 and wounded. At daylight on the 28th, three columns 
 aggregating 700 men, attacked the enemy's works at 
 three different points, destroyed ten guns, and demo- 
 lished by powder explosions the houses which afforded 
 position to the enemy for musketry fire. This has effec- 
 tually destroyed his attacks excepting on one point, 
 
27 
 
 where he has still three guns which it is difficult to get 
 at, but it is not likely the enemy will attempt to main- 
 tain that isolated position ; and as there has been no 
 fire from thence this morning, it is probable he may 
 have abandoned it. This successful operation was at- 
 tended by the serious loss of one officer and fifteen men 
 killed and missing, one officer and thirty-one men 
 wounded; the officer killed being Major Simmons, 
 commanding her Majesty's 5th Fusiliers, most deeply 
 regretted by the whole army. 
 
 Our present prospects have now to be considered. It 
 was the urgent desire of the Government that the gar- 
 rison should be relieved, and the women and children, 
 amounting to upwards of 4/0 souls, withdrawn. 
 
 The army of the enemy has been beaten in the open 
 field without difficulty. The resistance was more obsti- 
 nate in the suburbs, and at great sacrifice the troops 
 forced their way to the garrison in Lucknow. The 
 sick and wounded had been left with the baggage in a 
 strong enclosure, called " Alumbagh," five miles from 
 the Lucknow entrenchment. 
 
 In considering the heavy loss at which we forced our 
 •way through the enemy, it was evident there could be 
 no possible hope of carrying off the sick, wounded, and 
 women and children (amounting to not less than 1,500 
 souls, including those of both forces). Want of carriage 
 alone rendered the transport through five miles of dis- 
 puted suburb an impossibility. 
 
 There remained but two alternatives: one to reinforce 
 the Lucknow Garrison with 300 men, and, leavin"- 
 everything behind, to retire immediately with the re- 
 mains of the infantry upon the Alumbagh, thereby 
 leaving the garrison in a worse state than we found it, 
 by the addition to the numbers they had previously to 
 feed, of the great amount of our wounded, and of the 
 
28 
 
 300 soldiers, who would barely have sufficed to afford 
 the additional protection that would have been re- 
 quired — without adding such strength as would have 
 enabled them to make an active defence, to repel 
 attacks by sorties, or to prevent the enemy occupying 
 the whole of their old positions. At the same time, 
 it would have been impossible for any smaller force 
 than the remainder of our troops, diminished by tho^e 
 300 men, to have any hope of making good their way 
 back ; and that not without very serious loss. I there- 
 fore adopted the second alternative, as the only mode of 
 offering reasonable hope of securing the safety of this 
 force, to retain sufficient strength to enforce supplies of 
 provisions should they not be open to us voluntarily, and 
 to maintain ourselves, even on reduced rations, until 
 reinforcements advance to our relief. 
 
 Now that Delhi has fallen and released our forces, 
 two brigades might perhaps be spared for this service. 
 But I am satisfied that even one brigade, with two 
 batteries of artillery, could make good its way to the 
 "Dilkoosha" (a position three miles hence on the 
 Cawnpore side of the canal), the route to which, the 
 rains now being over, will be practicable for artillery* 
 by the direct road from Alumbagh. 
 
 With such a force established at Dilkoosha, we could 
 without difficulty open out our communication and with- 
 draw the whole, or such portion of our forces as may be 
 desired after re-establishing our authority at Lucknow. 
 
 Since my decision has been made, I have received a 
 letter from the Alumbagh, in which it is stated that 
 they are in great want of provisions, but from returns of 
 what they have, it is clear that they are not aware of 
 their resources, which were sufficient for some days. 
 I have, therefore, ordered back the cavalry to join them 
 in the night by a circuitous route, with conditional 
 
29 
 
 orders to withdraw to Cawnporc, or to maintain their 
 position, as may be found most practicable. Their only 
 difficulty is provisions, as they are placed in a fortified 
 enclosure, defended by two of our heavy guns, and two 
 9-pounders, besides other guns taken from the enemy, 
 250 European soldiers, and a number of convalescents 
 fit to bear arms. I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Major- General. 
 
 \st October, 
 P.S. — The cavalry failed to make their way out last 
 night ; the enemy being found on the alert, and in such 
 strength beyond our picquets, it was not deemed prudent 
 to attempt to force a passage ; consequently this despatch 
 was brought back, and there will be no means of trans- 
 mitting it at present. 
 
 [The foregoing despatch having miscarried, was not received 
 in Calcutta till December 30th; on the 31st, his Excellency the 
 Commander-in-Chief promulgated it to the army with the sub- 
 joined General Order by the Right Honourable the Governor- 
 General in Council : — ] 
 
 General Orders by His Excellency the 
 Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Adjutant- General' s Office, 
 
 Calcutta, Dec. ^\st, 1857. 
 General Orders by the Right Honourable the Go- 
 vernor-General of India in Council. 
 
 Fort William, SOth December, 1857. 
 The Right Honourable the Governor- General in 
 Council, in directing the publication of the subjoined 
 despatch from Major-General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., 
 dated the SOth of September, 1857, considers it due to 
 that officer and to others who may have felt disappoint- 
 ment at the omission of it among the despatches which 
 were published in the Calcutta Gazette Extraordinari^ 
 
30 
 
 of the 23rd instant, to explain that although earlier in 
 date than those despatches it has been received after 
 them, and that its publication has not been delayed. 
 
 His Lordship in Council most fully appreciates the 
 valour of the troops whom that distinguished officer, 
 the late Sir Henry Havelock, aided and supported by 
 Sir James Outram, and by the lamented Brigadier- 
 General Neill, led victoriously through the hosts of the 
 insurgents and in the face of extraordinary difficulties, 
 to the relief of the garrison of Lucknow ; and he desires 
 that every officer, non-commissioned officer, and soldier, 
 will accept the assurance of the entire approbation of 
 Government, as offered to each and all individually. 
 
 The Governor- General in Council observes with great 
 satisfaction the supplemental order in which Sir James 
 Outram separately brings to notice the services ren- 
 dered by the Ferozepore Regiment under their gallant 
 leader, Captain Brasyer. The thanks of Government 
 were given to this regiment in the General Order, 
 No. 1625 of the 22nd instant; and his Lordship in 
 Council willingly reiterates his acknowledgments to 
 Captain Brasyer and his officers and men. 
 
 A despatch from the Deputy Adjutant- General of 
 the army, dated the 22nd of December, 1857, is also 
 now published. In it, his Excellency the Commander- 
 in-Chief prominently brings to notice the good service 
 performed by the officers of the Volunteer Cavalry, 
 commanded by Captain Barrow, and the Governor- 
 General in Council embraces with much satisfaction 
 this opportunity of publicly recording his sense of the 
 gallant conduct of Captain Barrow and his devoted 
 band, officers and men, ever forward where hard work 
 and danger were to be found. 
 
 E.. J. H. Birch, Colonel, 
 
 Secretary to the Govt, of India, in the Military Dept. 
 
31 
 
 Division Orders by Major- General Sir James 
 outram, g. c.b. 
 
 Head-quarters J Lucknow, bth October, 1857. 
 
 The incessant and arduous duties which have de- 
 volved on Brigadier Inglis and his Staff since the 
 arrival of the relieving force, had hitherto prevented 
 him from furnishing to the Major-General commanding 
 the usual official documents relative to the sieae of the 
 garrison. 
 
 In the absence of these, the Major-General could not 
 with propriety have indulged in any public declaration 
 of the admiration with which he regards the heroism 
 
 o 
 
 displayed by Brigadier Inglis and the glorious garrison 
 he has so ably commanded, during the last three 
 months, and he has been reluctantly obliged to defer, 
 therefore, so long the expression of the sentiments he 
 was desirous to offer. 
 
 But the Major-General having at length received 
 Brigadier Inglis' reports, is relieved from the necessity 
 of further silence, and he hastens to tender to the 
 Brigadier, and to every individual member of the gar- 
 rison, the assurance of his confidence that their services 
 will be regarded by the Government under which they 
 are immediately serving, by the British nation, and by 
 her gracious Majesty, with equal admiration to that 
 with which he is himself impressed. 
 
 The Major-General believes that the annals of war- 
 fare contain no brighter page than that which will 
 record the bravery, vigilance, fortitude, and patient 
 endurance of hardships, privation, and fatigue, dis- 
 played by the garrison of Lucknow ; and he is very 
 conscious that his unskilled pen must needs fail ade- 
 quately to convey to the Right Honourable the 
 Governor -General of India, and his Excellency the 
 
32 
 
 Commander-in-Chief, the profound sense of the merits 
 of that garrison, which has heen forced on his mind 
 by a careful consideration of the almost incredible 
 difficulties with which they have had to contend. 
 
 The term " illustrious" was well and happily applied 
 by a former Governor- General of India to the garrison 
 of Jellalabad ; but some far more laudatory epithet, if 
 such the English language contain, is due, the Major- 
 General considers, to the brave men whom Brigadier 
 Inglis has commanded with undeviating success and 
 untarnished honour, through the late memorable siege ; 
 for, while the devoted band of heroes who so nobly 
 maintained the honour of their country's arms under 
 Sir R. Sale were seldom exposed to actual attack, the 
 Lucknow garrison, of inferior strength, have, in addi- 
 tion to a series of fierce assaults gallantly and success- 
 fully repulsed, been for three months exposed to a 
 nearly incessant fire from strong and commanding posi- 
 tions, held by an enemy of overwhelming force, pos- 
 sessing powerful artillery, having at their command 
 the whole resources of what was but recently a king- 
 dom, and animated by an insane and blood-thirsty 
 fanaticism. 
 
 It is a source of heartfelt satisfaction to the Major- 
 General to be able, to a certain extent, to confer on the 
 native portion of the garrison an instalment of those 
 rewards which their gallant and grateful commander 
 has sought for them, and which he is very certain the 
 Governor- General will bestow in full ; and though the 
 Major-General, as regards the European portion of the 
 garrison, cannot do more than give his most earnest and 
 hearty support to the recommendations of the Brigadier, 
 he feels assured that the Governor- General of India will 
 fully and publicly manifest his appreciation of their dis- 
 tinguished services, and that our beloved Sovereign will 
 
33 
 
 herself deign to convey to them some gracious expres- 
 sion of royal approbation of their conduct. 
 
 Brigadier Inglis has borne generous testimony to the 
 bravery, vigilance, devotedness, and good conduct of all 
 ranks ; and to all ranks the Major- General, as the 
 local representative of the British Indian Government, 
 tenders his warmest acknowledgments. He would fain 
 offer his special congratulations and thanks to the Euro- 
 pean and Eurasian portion of the garrison whom Briga- 
 dier Inglis has particularly noticed ; but by doing so he 
 would forestall the Governor- General in the exercise of 
 what the Major- General is assured will be one of the 
 most pleasing acts of his official life. 
 
 T. F. Wilson, Captain, 
 
 Officiating Deputy-Assistant Adjutant-General. 
 
 [General Inglis's despatch beai's the date on which it was first 
 roughlj drafted, ten days prior to the date on which, in its revised 
 form, it seems to have been submitted to Sir James Outram.] 
 
 Brigadier Inglis, Commanding Garrison of Lucknow, 
 to the Secretary to Government, Military Depart- 
 ment, Calcutta. 
 
 Dated Luchiow, 2Gth September, 1857. 
 
 In consequence of the very deeply-to-be-lamented death of Brigadier- 
 General Sir H. M. Lawrence, K.C.B., late in command of the Oude 
 Field Force, the duty of narrating the military events which have 
 occurred at Lucknow since 29th June last, has devolved upon myself. 
 
 On the evening of that day several reports reached Sir Henry 
 Lawrence that the rebel army, in no very considerable force, would 
 march from Chinhut (a small viUage about eight miles distant on the 
 road to Fyzabad) on Lucknow on the following morning ; and the late 
 Brigadier- General, therefore, determined to make a strong reconnaissance 
 in that direction, with the view, if possible, of meeting the force at a 
 disadvantage, either at its entrance into the suburbs of the city, or at 
 the bridge across the Gokral, which is a small stream intersecting the 
 Fyzabad road, abotit halfway between Lucknow and Chinhut. 
 
 The force destined for this service, and which was composed as 
 foUows, moved out at six a.m., on the morning of the 30th June: — 
 
 Artillery. — 4 guns of No. — Horse Light Field Battery; 4 guns of 
 
 3 
 
34 
 
 No. 2 Oude Field Battery ; 2 guns of No. 3 Oude Field Battery ; an 
 8-incli howitzer. 
 
 Cavalry. — Troop of volunteer cavalry; 120 troopers of detachments 
 belonging to 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Regiments of Oude Irregular Cavalry. 
 
 Infantry. — 300 of II. M.'s 32nd; 150 of the 13th N. I.; 60 of the 
 48th N. I.; and 20 of the 71st N. I. (Sikhs.) 
 
 The troops, misled by the reports of wayfarers, who stated that there 
 were few or no men between Lucknow and Chinhut, proceeded some- 
 what further than had been originally intended, and suddenly fell in 
 with the enemy, who had up to that time eluded the vigilance of the 
 advanced guard by concealing themselves in overwhelming numbers 
 behind a long line of trees. The European force and the howitzer, with 
 the N. I., held the foe in check for some time, and, had the six guns of 
 the Oude Artillery been faithful, and the Sikh Cavalry shown a better 
 front, the day would have been won in spite of an immense disparity in 
 numbers. But the Oude artillerymen and drivers were traitors. They 
 overturned the gims into ditches, cut the traces of their horses, and 
 abandoned them, regardless of the remonstrances and exertions of their 
 own officers, and of those of Sir Henry Lawrence's Staff, headed by the 
 Brigadier-General in person, who himself drew his sword upon these 
 rebels. Every effort to induce them to stand having proved ineffectual, 
 the force, exposed to a vastly superior fire of artillery, and completely 
 outflanked on both sides by an overpowering body of infantry and 
 cavalry, which actually got into our rear, was compelled to retire with 
 the loss of three pieces of artillery, which fell into the hands of the 
 enemy, in consequence of the rank treachery of the Oude gunners, and 
 with a very grievous list of killed and wounded. The heat was dreadful, 
 the gvm ammunition was expended, and the almost total want of cavalry 
 to protect our rear made our retreat most disasti^ous. 
 
 All the officers behaved well, and the exertions of the small body of 
 volunteer cavalry — only forty in number — under Captain Radcliffe, 
 7th Light Cavalry, were most praiseworthy. Sir Henry Lawrence 
 subsequently conveyed his thanks to myself who had, at his request, 
 accompanied him on this occasion (Colonel Case being in command of 
 her Majesty's 32nd). He also expressed his approbation of the way in 
 which his staff — Captain Wilson, officiating deputy assistant adjutant- 
 general ; Lieutenant James, sub-assistant commissary -general ; Captain 
 Edgell, officiating military secretary ; and Mr. Couper, Civil Service — the 
 last of whom had acted as Sir Henry Lawrence's aide-de-can*p from the 
 commencement of the disturbances — had conducted themselves through- 
 out this arduous day. Sir Henry further particularly mentioned that he 
 would bring the gallant conduct of Capt. Radcliffe and of Lieut. Bonham, 
 of the Artillery (who worked the howitzer successfully until incapaci- 
 tated by a wound), to the prominent notice of the Government of India. 
 The manner in which Lieutenant Birch, 71st N. I., cleared a village 
 with a party of Sikh skirmishers, also ehcited the admiration of the 
 Brigadier-General. The conduct of Lieutenant Hardinge, who, with his 
 handful of horse, covered the retreat of the rear guard, was extolled by 
 Sir Henry, who expressed his intention of mentioning the services of 
 this gallant officer to his Lordship in Council. Lieutenant-Colonel Case, 
 
35 
 
 who commanded her Majesty's 32nd Regiment, was mortally wounded 
 whilst gallantly leading on his men. The service had not a more 
 deserving officer. The command devolved on Captain Steevens, who 
 also received a death-woimd shortly afterwards. The command then 
 fell to Captain Mansfield, who has since died of cholera. A list* of the 
 casualties on this occasion accompanies the despatch. 
 
 It remains to report the siege operations. 
 
 It will be in the recollection of his Lordship in Council that it was 
 the original intention of Sir Henry Lawrence to occupy not only the 
 Residency, but also the fort calledMuchhee Bhowun — an old dilapidated 
 edifice, which had been hastily repaired for the occasion, though the 
 defences were even at the last moment very far from complete, and 
 were moreover commanded by many houses in the city. The situation 
 of the Muchhee Bhowun with regard to the Residency, has already 
 been described to the Government of India. 
 
 The untoward event of the 30th June so far diminished the whole 
 available force, that we had not a sufficient number of men remaining 
 to occupy both positions. The Brigadier-General, therefore, on the 
 evening of the 1st July, signalled to the garrison of the Muchhee 
 Bhowun to evacuate and blow up that fortress in the course of the 
 night. The orders were ably carried out, and at twelve p.m. the force 
 marched into the Residency with their guns and treasure without the 
 loss of a man ; and shortly afterwards the explosion of 240 barrels of 
 gunpowder and G, 000,000 ball cartridges, which were lying in the 
 magazine, announced to Sir Henry Lawrence and his officers — who 
 were anxiously waiting the report — the complete desti'uction of that 
 post and all that it contained. If it had not been for this wise and 
 strategic measure, no member of the Lucknow Garrison, in all proba- 
 bility, would have survived to tell the tale ; for, as has already been 
 stated, the Muchhee Bhowun Avas commanded from other parts of the 
 town, and was moreover indiiferently provided with heavy artillery 
 ammunition, while the difficulty, suffering, and loss which the Resi- 
 dency garrison, even with the reinforcement thus obtained from the 
 Muchhee Bhowun, has iindergone in holding the position, is sufficient 
 to show that if the original intention of holding both posts had been 
 adhered to, both would have inevitably fallen. 
 
 It is now my very painful duty to relate the calamity which befel us 
 at the commencement of the siege. On the 1st July an eight-inch 
 shell burst in the room in the Residency in which Sir H. Lawrence 
 was sitting. The missile burst between him and Mr. Couper — close to 
 both — but without injury to either. The whole of his staff implored 
 Sir Henry to take up other quarters, as the Residency had then become 
 the special target for the round shot and shell of the enemy. This, 
 however, he jestingly declined to do, observing that another shell would 
 certainly never be pitched into that small room. But Providence had 
 ordained otherwise, for on the very next day he was mortally wounded 
 by the fragment of another shell which burst in the same room, exactly 
 at the same spot. Captain Wilson, deputy assistant adjutant-general, 
 received a contusion at the same time. 
 
 Not received by Government. 
 
 3—2 
 
36 
 
 The late lamented Sir H. Lawrence, knowing that his last hour was 
 rapidly approaching, directed me to assume command of the troops, and 
 appointed Major Banks to succeed him in the office of chief commis- 
 sioner. He lingered in great agony till the morning of the 4th July, 
 when he expired, and the Government was thereby deprived, if I may 
 venture to say so, of the services of a distinguished statesman and a 
 most gallant soldier. Few men have ever possessed to the same extent 
 the power which he enjoyed of -winning the hearts of all those with 
 whom he came in contact, and thus ensuring the warmest and most 
 zealous devotion for himself and for the Government vfhich he served. 
 The successful defence of the position has been, under Providence, 
 solely attributable to the foresight which he evinced in the timely com- 
 mencement of the necessary operations, and the great skill and un- 
 tiring personal activity which he exhibited in carrying them into elFect. 
 All ranks possessed such confidence in his judgment and his fertility 
 of resource, that the news of his fall was received throughout the garri- 
 son with feelings of consternation, only second to the grief vrhich was 
 inspired in the hearts of all by the loss of a public benefactor and a 
 warm personal friend. Feeling as keenly and as gratefully as I do 
 the obligations that the whole of us are under to this great and good 
 man, I trust the Government of India will pardon me lor having at- 
 tempted, however imperfectly, to portray them. In him every good 
 and deserving soldier lost a friend and a chief capable of discriminating, 
 and ever on the alert to reward merit, no matter how humble the 
 sphere in which it was exhibited. 
 
 The garrison had scarcely recovered the shock which it had sus- 
 tained in the loss of its revered and beloved General, when it had 
 to mourn the death of that able and respected officer. Major Banks, the 
 officiating chief commissioner, who received a bullet through his head 
 while examining a critical outpost on the 21st July, and died without 
 a groan. 
 
 The description of our position, and the state of our defences when 
 the siege began, are so fully set forth in the accompanying memoran- 
 dum,* furnished by the garrison engineer, that I shall content myself 
 with bringing to the notice of his Lordship in Council, the fact that 
 when the blockade was commenced only two of our batteries were com- 
 pleted, part of the defences were yet in an unfinished condition , and the 
 buildings in the immediate vicinity, which gave cover to the enemy, 
 were only very partially cleared away. Indeed, our heaviest losses 
 have been caused by the fire from the enemy's sharpshooters stationed 
 in the adjoining mosques and houses of the native nobility, the neces- 
 sity of destroying which had been repeatedly drawn to the attention of 
 Sir Hemy by the Staff of Engineers. But his invariable reply was — 
 " Spare the holy places, and private property too, as far as possible ;" 
 and we have consequently suffered severely from our very tenderness to 
 the religious prejudices, and respect to the right of our rebellious citi- 
 zens and soldiery. As soon as the enemy had thoroughly completed 
 the investment of the Residency, they occupied these houses, some of 
 which were within easy pistol-shot of our barricades, in immense force, 
 
 * Not received by Government. 
 
37 
 
 and rapidly made loopholes on those sides which bore on our post, from 
 which they kept up a terrific and incessant fire day and night, which 
 caused many daily casualties, as there could not have been less than 
 8,000 men firing at one time into our position. Moreover, there was 
 no place in the whole of our works that could be considered safe, for 
 several of the sick and wounded who were lying in the Banqueting-hall, 
 which had been turned into an hospital, were killed in the very centre 
 of the building, and the widow of Lieutenant Dorin, and other women 
 and children, were shot dead in rooms into which it had not been pre- 
 viously deemed possible that a bullet coiild penetrate. Neither were 
 the enemy idle in erecting batteries. They soon had from 20 to 
 25 guns in position, some of them of very large calibre. These were 
 planted all round our post at small distances, some being actually 
 within fifty yards of our defences, but in places where our own heavy 
 guns could not reply to them, while the perseverance and ingenuity of 
 the enemy in erecting barricades in front of and around their guns in a 
 very short time, rendered all attempts to silence them by musketry 
 entirely unavailing. Neither could they be eficctually silenced by 
 shells, by reason of their extreme proximity to our position ; and 
 because, moreover, the enemy had recourse to digging very narrow 
 trenches about eight feet in depth in rear of each gun, in which the 
 men lay while our shells were flying, and which so effectually con- 
 cealed them, even while working the gun, that oiir baffled sharp- 
 shooters could only see their hands while in the act of loading. 
 
 The enemy contented themselves with keeping up this incessant fire 
 of cannon and musketry until the 20th July, on which day, at ten a.m., 
 they assembled in very great force all around our position, and ex- 
 ploded a heavy mine inside our outer line of defences at the Water-gate. 
 The mine, however, which was close to the Redan, and apparently 
 sprung with the intention of destroying that battery, did no harm. But 
 as soon as the smoke had cleared away the enemy boldly advanced 
 imder cover of a tremendous fire of cannon and musketry, -with the 
 object of storming the Eedan. But they were received with such a 
 heavy fire that, after a short struggle, they fell back with much loss. 
 A strong column advanced at the same time to attack Innes' post, and 
 came on to -within ten yards of the palisades, affording to Lieutenant 
 Loughnan, 13th N. L, who commanded the position, and his brave 
 garrison, composed of gentlemen of the L^ncovenanted Service, a few of 
 her Majesty's 32nd Foot and of the 13th N. I., an opportunity of 
 distinguishing themselves, Avhich they were not slow to avail themselves 
 of, and the enemy were driven back with great slaughter. The insur- 
 gents made minor attacks at almost every outpost, but were invariably 
 defeated, and at two p.m. they ceased their attempts to storm the place, 
 although their musketry, fire, and cannonading continued to harass us 
 unceasingly as usual. Matters proceeded in this manner until the 
 10th August, when the enemy made another assault, having previously 
 sprung a mine close to the Brigade-mess, which entirely destroyed our 
 defences for the space of twenty feet, and blew in a great portion of the 
 outside wall of the house occupied by Mr. Schilling's garrison. On the 
 dust clearing away a breach appeared, through which a regiment could 
 have advanced in perfect order, and a few of the enemy came on with 
 
38 
 
 the utmost determination, but were met vnth such a withering flank fire 
 of musketry from the officers and men holding the top of the Brigade- 
 mess, that they beat a speedy retreat, leaving the more adventurous of 
 their numbers lying on the crest of the breach. While this operation 
 was going on another large body advanced on the Ca^vapore Battery, 
 and succeeded in locating themselves for a few minutes in the ditch. 
 They were, however, dislodged by hand grenades. At Captain Ander- 
 son s post they also came boldly forward with scaling ladders, which 
 they planted against the wall ; but here, as elsewhere, they were met 
 with the most indomitable resolution, and the leaders being slain, the 
 rest fled, leaving the ladders, and retreated to their batteries and loop- 
 holed defences, from whence they kept up, for the rest of the day, an 
 unusually heavy cannonade and musketry fire. On the 18th August, 
 the enemy sprung another mine in front of the Sikh Hues with very 
 fatal effect. Captain Orr (unattached). Lieutenants Mecham and Sop- 
 pitt, who commanded the small body of drummers composing the 
 garrison, were blown into the air ; but providentially returned to earth 
 with no farther injury than a severe shaking. The garrison, however, 
 were not so fortiinate. No less than eleven men were buried ahve 
 under the ruins, from whence it was impossible to extricate them, 
 owing to the tremendous fire kept up by the enemy from houses 
 situated not ten yards in front of the breach. The explosion was fol- 
 lowed by a general assault of a less determined nature than the two 
 former effbrts, and the enemy were consequently repulsed without 
 much difficulty. But they succeeded, under cover of the breach, in 
 establishing themselves in one of the houses in our position, from which 
 they were driven in the evening by the bayonets of her Majesty's 32nd 
 and 8-lth Foot. On the 5th September, the enemy made their last 
 serious assault. Having exploded a large mine, a few feet short of the 
 bastion of the 18-pounder gun, in Major Apthorp's post, they advanced 
 with large heavy scaling ladders, which they planted against the wall, 
 and mounted, thereby gaining for an instant the embrasure of a gun. 
 They were, however, speedily driven back with loss by hand-grenades 
 and musketry. A few minutes subsequently they sprang another mine 
 close to the Brigade-mess, and advanced boldly ; but soon the corpses 
 strewed in the garden in front of the post bore testimony to the fatal 
 accuracy of the rifle and musketry fire of the gallant members of that 
 garrison, and the enemy fled ignominiously, leaving their leader — a fine- 
 looking native officer — among the slain. At other posts they made similar 
 attacks, but with less resolution, and everywhere with the same Avant of 
 success. Their loss upon this day must have been very heavy, as they 
 came on with much determination, and at night they were seen bearing 
 large numbers of their killed and wounded over the bridges in the direc- 
 tion of cantonments. The above is a faint attempt at a description of the 
 four great struggles which have occurred during this protracted season 
 of exertion, exposure, and suflfering. His Lordship in Coimcil will 
 perceive that the enemy invariably commenced his attacks by the 
 explosion of a mine, a species of offensive warfare, for the exercise of 
 which our position was imfortunately peculiarly situated, and had it 
 not been for the most untiring vigilance on our part, in watching and 
 blowing up their mines before they were completed, the assaults would 
 
39 
 
 probably have been much more numerous, and might, perhaps, have 
 ended in the capture of the place. But by countermining in all direc- 
 tions, we succeeded in detecting and destroying no less than four of the 
 enemy's subterraneous advances towards important positions, two of 
 which operations were eminently successful, as on one occasion not less 
 than eighty of them were blown into the air, and twenty suffered a 
 similar fate on the second explosion. The labour, however, which 
 devolved upon us in making these counter-mines, in the absence of a 
 body of skilled miners, was very heavy. The Right Honourable the 
 Governor-General in Council will feel that it would be impossible to 
 crowd, within the limits of a despatch, even the principal events, much 
 more the individual acts of gallantry which have marked this protracted 
 struggle. But I can conscientiously declare my conviction, that few 
 troops have ever undergone greater hardships, exposed as they have 
 been to a never-ceasing musketry fire and cannonade. They have also 
 experienced the alternate vicissitudes of extreme wet and of intense 
 heat, and that, too, with very insirfficient shelter from either, and in 
 many places without any shelter at all. In addition to having had to 
 repel real attacks, they have been exposed night and day to the hardly 
 less harassing false alarms which the enemy have been constantly 
 raising. The insurgents have frequently fired very heavily, sounded 
 the advance, and shouted for several hours together, though not a man 
 could be seen, with the vieAV, of course, of harassing our small and 
 exhausted force, in which object they succeeded, for no part has been 
 strong enough to allow of a portion only of the garrison being prejDared 
 in the event of a false attack being turned into a real one. All, there- 
 fore, had to stand to their arms, and to remain at their posts until the 
 demonstration had ceased; and such attacks were of almost nightly 
 occurrence. The whole of the oflicers and men have been on duty 
 night and day, during the eighty-seven days which the siege had lasted 
 up to the arrival of Sir J. Outram, G.C.B. In addition to this inces- 
 sant military duty, the force has been nightly employed in repairing 
 defences, in moving guns, in burying dead animals, in conveying 
 ammunition and commissariat stores from one place to another, and in 
 other fatiguing duties too numerous and too trivial to enumerate here. I 
 feel, however, that any words of mine will fail to convey any adequate 
 idea of what ova: fatigue and labours have been — laboui's in which all 
 ranks and all classes, civilians, oflicers, and soldiers have all borne an 
 equally noble part. All have together descended into the mine, all 
 have together handled the shovel for the interment of the putrid bullock, 
 and all, accoutred with musket and bayonet, have relieved each other 
 on sentry, without regard to the distinctions of rank, civil or military. 
 Notwithstanding all these hardships, the garrison had made no less than 
 five sorties, in which they spiked two of the enemy's heaviest guns, and 
 blew up several of the houses from which they had kept up their most 
 harassing fire. Owing to the extreme paucity of our numbers, each 
 man was taught to feel, that on his own individual efforts alone, 
 depended, in no small measure, the safety of the entii-e position. This 
 consciousness incited every officer, soldier, and man, to defend the post 
 assigned to him with such desperate tenacity, and to fight for the lives 
 which Providence had entrusted to his care with such dauntless deter- 
 
40 
 
 mination, that the enemy, despite their constant attacks, their heavy- 
 mines, their overwhelming niunbers, and their incessant fire, could 
 never succeed in gaining one single inch of ground within the bounds 
 of this straggling position, which was so feebly fortified, that had they 
 once obtained a footing in any of the outposts, the whole place must 
 inevitably have fallen. 
 
 If further proof be wanting of the desperate nature of the struggle 
 which we have, under God's blessing, so long and so successfully waged, 
 I would point to the roofless and ruined houses, to the crumbled Avails, 
 to the exploded mines, to the open breaches, to the shattered and dis- 
 abled guns and defences, and, lastly, to the long and melancholy list of 
 the brave and devoted officers and men who have fallen. These silent 
 witnesses bear sad and solemn testimony to the way in which this feeble 
 position has been defended. During the early part of these vicissitudes, 
 we were left without any information whatever regarding the postui-e of 
 affairs outside. An occasional spy did indeed come in with the object 
 of inducing our sepoys and servants to desert; but the intelligence 
 derived from such sources was, of course, entirely untrustworthy. We 
 sent our messengers, daily calling for aid and asking for information, 
 none of whom ever retiirned until the twenty- sixth day of the siege, 
 when a pensioner named Ungad came back with a letter from General 
 Havelock's camp, informing us that they were advancing with a force 
 sufficient to bear down all opposition, and would be vnth us in five or 
 six days. A messenger was immediately despatched, requesting that 
 on the evening of their arrival on the outskirts of the city, two rockets 
 might be sent up, in order that we might take the necessary measures 
 or assisting them while forcing their way in. The sixth day, how- 
 ever, expired, and they came not ; but for many evenings after, officers 
 and men watched for the ascension of the expected rockets, with hopes 
 such as make the heart sick. We knew not then, nor did we learn 
 until the 29th August — or thirty-five days later — that the relieving 
 force, after having fought most nobly to effect our dehverance, had 
 been obliged to fall back for reinforcements, and this was the last com- 
 munication we received until two days before the arrival of Sir James 
 Outram on the 25th September. 
 
 Besides heavy visitations of cholera and small-pox, we have also had 
 to contend against a sickness which has almost universally pervaded 
 the garrison. Commencing with a very painful eruption it has merged 
 into a low fever, combined vnth diarrhoea; and although few or no 
 men have actually died from its effects, it leaves behind a weakness 
 and lassitude which, in the absence of all material sustenance, save coarse 
 beef and still coarser flour, none have been able entirely to get over. 
 The mortality among the women and children, and especially among 
 the latter, from these diseases and from other causes, has been perhaps 
 the most painful characteristic of the siege. The want of native servants 
 has also been a source of much privation. Owing to the suddenness 
 with which we were besieged, many of these people who might perhaps 
 have otherwise proved faithful to their employers, but who were outside 
 the defences at the time, were altogether excluded. Very many more 
 deserted, and several families were consequently left without the ser- 
 "vdces of a single domestic. Several ladies have had to tend their 
 
41 
 
 children, and even to wasli tlieir own clothes, as well as to cook their 
 scanty meals entirely unaided. Combined with the absence of servants, 
 the want of proper accommodation has probably been the cavise of 
 much of the disease with which we have been afflicted. I cannot 
 refrain from bringing to the prominent notice of his Lordship in Council, 
 the patient endurance and the Christian resignation which have been 
 evinced by the women of this garrison. They have animated us by 
 their example. Many, alas ! have been made widows, and their 
 children fatherless in this cruel struggle. But all such seem resigned 
 to the will of Providence, and many, among whom may be mentioned 
 the honoured names of Birch, of Polehampton, of Barbor, and of Gall, 
 have, after the example of Miss Nightingale, constituted themselves 
 the tender and solicitous nurses of the wounded and dying soldiers in 
 the hospital. 
 
 It only remains for me to bring to thefavovirable notice of his Lord- 
 ship in Council the names of those officers who have most distinguished 
 themselves, and afforded me the most valuable assistance in these 
 operations. Many of the best and bravest of these now rest from their 
 labours. Among them are Lieut.-Colonel Case and Captain Radcliffe, 
 whose services have already been narrated; Captain Francis, 13thN. I. 
 — who was killed by a round shot — had particularly attracted the 
 attention of Sir H. Lawrence for his conduct while in command of the 
 Muchhee Bhowun; Captain Fulton, of the Engineers, who was also 
 struck by a round shot, had, up to the time of his early and lamented 
 death, afforded me the most invaluable aid; he was indeed indefatigable; 
 Major Anderson, the chief engineer, though from the commencement 
 of the siege incapable of jjhysical exertion from the effects of the 
 disease under which he eventually sank, merited my warm acknow- 
 ledgments for his able counsel ; Captain Simons, commandant of 
 Artillery, distinguished himself at Chinhut, where he received the two 
 wounds which ended in his death ; Lieutenants Shepherd and Arthur, 
 7th Light Cavalry, who Avere killed at their posts ; Captain Hughes, 
 57th N. I., who was mortally wounded at the capture of a house which 
 formed one of the enemy's outposts ; Captain McCabe, of the 32nd 
 Foot, who was killed at the head of his men while leading his fourth 
 sortie, as well as Captain Mansfield, of the" same corps, who died of 
 cholera — were all officers who had distinguished themselves highly. 
 Mr. Lucas, too, a gentleman volunteer, and Mr. Bryson, of the Un- 
 covenanted Service — who fell when on the look-out at one of the most 
 perilous outposts — had earned themselves reputations for coolness and 
 gallantry. 
 
 The officers who commanded outposts — Lieutenant-Colonel Master, 
 7th Light Cavalry; Major Apthorp, 41st N. L; Captain Sanders, 
 41st N. L; Captain Boileau, 7th Light Cavalry; Captain Germon, 
 13th N. I.; Lieutenant Aitken and Lieutenant Loughnan, of the same 
 corps ; Captain Anderson, 25th N. I.; Lieutenant Graydon, 44th N. I.; 
 Lieutenant Langmore, 71st N. I. ; and Mr. Schilling, Principal of the 
 Martiniere College, have all conducted ably the duties of their onerous 
 position. No further proof of this is necessary than the fact Avhich I 
 have before mentioned, that throughout the whole duration of the siege 
 the enemy were not only unable to take, but they could not even sue- 
 
42 
 
 ceed in gaining one inch of the posts commanded by these gallant 
 gentlemen. Colonel Master commanded the critical and important post 
 of the brigade mess, on either side of which was an open breach, only 
 flanked by his handful of riflemen and musketeers. Lieutenant Aitken, 
 with the whole of the 13th N. I., which remained to us with the excep- 
 tion of their Sikhs, commanded the Bay ley Guard — perhaps the most 
 important position in the whole of the defences ; and Lieutenant Lang- 
 more, with the remnant of his regiment (the 71st), held a very exposed 
 position between the Hospital and the Water Gate. This gallant and 
 deserving yoiing soldier and his men were entirely without shelter from 
 the weather, both by night and by day. 
 
 My thanks are also due to Lieutenants Anderson, Hutchinson, and 
 Innes, of the Engineers, as well as to Lieutenant Tulloch, 58th N. I., 
 and Lieutenant Hay, 48th N. I., who were placed under them to aid in 
 the arduous duties, devolving upon that department. Lieutenant 
 Thomas, Madras Artillery, who commanded that arm of the service for 
 some Aveeks, and Lieutenants Macfarlane and Bonham rendered me the 
 most effectual assistance ; I was, however, deprived of the services of 
 the two latter who were wounded. Lieutenant Bonham no less than 
 three times, early in the siege. Captain Evans, 17th B. N. L, who, 
 owing to the scarcity of Artillery officers, was put in charge of some 
 guns, was ever to be found at his post. 
 
 Major Lowe, commanding her Majesty's 32nd Regiment ; Captain 
 Bassano, Lieutenants Lawrence, Edmonstone, Foster, Harmer, Cooke, 
 Clery, Browne, and Charlton, of that corps, all have nobly performed 
 their duty. Every one of these officers, Avith the exception of Lieu- 
 tenants Lawrence and Clery, have received one or more wounds of more 
 or less severity. Quartermaster Stribbling, of the same corj)S, also 
 conducted himself to my satisfaction. 
 
 Captain O'Brien, her INIajesty's 84th Foot ; Captain Kemble, 41st N. I. ; 
 Captain Edgell, 53rd N. J. ; Captain Dinning, Lieutenant Sewell, and 
 Lieutenant Worsley, of the 71st N. I.; Lieutenant Warner, 7th Light 
 Cavalry; Ensign Ward, 48th N. I. (who, when most of our Artillery 
 officers were killed or disabled, worked the mortars with excellent 
 effect); Lieutenant Graham, 11th N. I. ; Lieutenant Mecham, 4th 
 Oude Locals; and Lieutenant Keir, 41st N. I., have all done good and 
 willing service throughout the siege, and I trust that they will receive 
 the favourable notice of his I-ordship in Council. 
 
 I beg particularly to call the attention of the Government of India 
 to the untiring industry, the extreme devotion, and the great skill which 
 have been evinced by Surgeon Scott (Superintending Surgeon), and 
 Assistant-Surgeon Boyd, of her Majesty's 32nd Foot ; Assistant- Surgeon 
 Bird, of the Artillery; Surgeon Campbell, 7th Light Cavalry; Surgeon 
 Brydon, 71st N. I. ; Surgeon Ogilvie, sanitary commissioner; Assis- 
 tant-Surgeon Fayrer, civil surgeon; Assistant-Surgeon Partridge, 2nd 
 Oude Irregular Cavalry ; Assistant- Surgeon Greenhow ; Assistant- 
 Surgeon Darby, and Mr. Apothecary Thompson, in the discharge of 
 their onerous and most important duties. 
 
 Messrs. Thornhill and Capper, of the Civil Service, have been both 
 wounded, and the way in which they, as well as Mr. Martin, the 
 deputy-commissioner of Lucknow, conducted themselves, entitles them 
 
43 
 
 to a place in this despatch. Captain Carnegie, the special assistant- 
 commissioner, whose invaluable services previous to the commencement 
 of the siege I have frequently heard warmly dilated iipon, both by 
 Sir H. Lawrence and by Major Banks, and whose exertions will pro- 
 bably be more amply brought to notice by the civil authorities on some 
 future occasion, has conducted the office of provost-marshal to my 
 satisfaction. The Reverend Mr. Harris and the Eeverend Mr. Pole- 
 hampton, assistant-chaplains, vied with each other in their untiring care 
 and attention to the suffering men. The latter gentleman was wounded 
 in the hospital, and subsequently unhappily died of cholera. Mr. 
 McCrae, of the Civil Engineers, did excellent service at the guns, until 
 he was severely wounded. Mr. Cameron, also, a gentleman who had 
 come to Oude to inquire into the resom-ces of the country, acquired the 
 whole mystery of mortar practice, and was of the most signal service, 
 until incapacitated by sickness. Mr. Marshall, of the road department, 
 and other members of the Uncovenanted Service, whose names will, on 
 a subsequent occasion, be laid before the Government of India, con- 
 ducted themselves bravely and steadily. Indeed, the entire body of 
 these gentlemen have borne themselves well, and have evinced great 
 coolness under fire. 
 
 I have now only to bring to the notice of the Eight Honourable the 
 Governor-General in Council the conduct of the several officers who 
 composed my Staff : — Lieutenant James, sub-assistant Commissary- 
 General, was severely wounded by a shot through the knee at Chinhut, 
 notwithstanding which he refused to go tipon the sick list, and carried 
 on his most trying duties throughout the entire siege. It is not too 
 much to say that the garrison owe their lives to the exertions and 
 firmness of this officer. Before the struggle commenced, he was ever 
 in the saddle, getting in supplies, and his untiring vigilance in their 
 distribution after oiu- difficulties had begun, prevented a waste which 
 otherwise, long before the expiration of the eighty-seven days, might 
 have annihilated the force by the slow process of starvation. 
 
 Captain Wilson, 13th N. I., officiating deputy - assistant adjutant- 
 general, was ever to be found where shot was flying thickest, and I am 
 at a loss to decide whether his services were most invaluable owing to 
 the untiring physical endu.rance and bravery which he displayed, or to 
 his ever- ready and pertinent counsel and advice in moments of difficulty 
 and danger. 
 
 Lieutenant Hardinge — an officer whose achievements and antece- 
 dents are well known to the Government of India — has earned fresh 
 laurels by his conduct throughout the siege. He was officiating as 
 deptity-assistant quartermaster-general, and also commanded the Sikh 
 portion of the cavalry of the garrison. In both capacities his services 
 have been invaluable, especially in the latter, for it was owing alone to 
 his tact, vigilance, and bravery, that the Sikh horsemen were in- 
 duced to persevere in holding a very unprotected post under a 
 heavy fire. 
 
 Lieutenant Barwell, 71st N. I., the fort-adjutant and officiating major 
 of brigade, has proved himself to be an efficient officer. 
 
 Lieutenant Birch, of the 71st N. I., has been my aide-de-camp 
 throughout the siege. I firmly believe there never was a better aide- 
 
44 
 
 de-camp. He has been indefatigable, and ever ready to lead a sortie, 
 or to convey an order to a threatened outpost under the heaviest fire. 
 On one of these occasions, he received a slight wound on the head. I 
 beg to bring the services of this most promising and intelligent young 
 officer to the favourable consideration of his Lordship in Council. 
 
 I am also much indebted to Mr. Couper, C.S., for the assistance he 
 has on many occasions afforded me by his judicious advice. I have, 
 moreover, ever found him most ready and willing in the performance 
 of the military duties assigned to him, however exposed the post or 
 arduous the undertaking. He commenced his career in her Majesty's 
 service, and consequently had had some previous experience of military 
 matters. If the road to Cawnpore had been made clear by the advent 
 of our troops, it was my intention to have deputed this officer to Cal- 
 cutta to detail in person the occurrences which have taken place, for 
 the information of the Government of India. I still hope that when 
 our communications shall be once more unopposed, he may be sum- 
 moned to Calcutta for this purpose. 
 
 Lastly, I have the pleasure of bringing the splendid behaviour of 
 the soldiers, viz., the men of H. M.'s 32nd Foot, the small detachment 
 of H. M.'s 84th Foot, the European and Native Artillery, the 13th, 
 48th, and 71st Regiments N. I., and the Sikhs of the respective corps, 
 to the notice of the Government of India. The losses sustained by 
 H. M.'s 32nd, which is now barely 300 strong; by H. M.'s 84th, and 
 by the European Artillery, show at least that they knew how to die in 
 the cause of their countrymen. Their conduct under the fire, the 
 exposure, and the privations which they have had to undergo, has 
 been throughout most admirable and praiseworthy. 
 
 As another instance of the desperate character of our defence, and 
 the difficulties we have had to contend with, I may mention that the 
 number of our artillerymen was so reduced, that on the occasion of an 
 attack, the gunners, aided as they were by men of H. M.'s 32nd Foot, 
 and by volunteers of all classes, had to run from one battery to another 
 wherever the fire of the enemy was hottest, there not being nearly 
 enough men to serve half the number of guns at the same time. In 
 short, at last, the number of European gunners was only twenty-four, 
 while we had, including mortars, no less than thirty guns in position. 
 
 With respect to the native troops, I am of opinion that their loyalty 
 has never been surpassed. They were indifferently fed, and worse 
 housed. They were exposed — especially the 13th Regiment — under 
 the gallant Lieutenant Aitken, to a most galling fire of round shot and 
 musketry, which materially decreased their numbers. They were so 
 near the enemy, that conversation coidd be carried on between them ; 
 and every effort, persuasion, promise, and threat, was alternately 
 resorted to in vain, to seduce them from their allegiance to the handful 
 of Europeans, who, in all probability, would have been sacrificed by 
 their desertion. All the troops behaved nobly, and the names of those 
 men of the native force who have particularly distinguished themselves 
 have been laid before Major-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., who 
 has promised to promote them. Those of the European force will be 
 transmitted in due course for the orders of his Royal Highness the 
 General Commanding-in-Chief 
 
45 
 
 In conclusion, I beg leave to express, on the part of myself and the 
 members of this garrison, onr deep and grateful sense of the conduct of 
 Major-General Sir J. Outram, Gr.C.B. ; of Brigadier-General Havelock, 
 C.B. ; and of the troops under those officers, who so devotedly came to 
 our reUef at so heavy a sacrifice of life. We are also repaid for much 
 suffering and privation by the sympathy which our brave deliverers say 
 our perilous and unfortunate position has excited for us in the hearts 
 of oiu" countrymen throughout the length and breadth of her Majesty's 
 dominions. I have, &c., 
 
 J. Ingus, Colonel, H.M.'s 32nd Brigade. 
 
 Major-General Outram, commanding Cawnpore and 
 DiNAPORE Divisions, to Major-General Mansfield, 
 Chief of the Staff. 
 
 Camp Alumbagh, 25th Nov., 1857- 
 
 Sir. — I have the honour to acquaint his Excellency 
 the Commander-in-Chief with the proceedings of this 
 Force since the 30th of September, the date of my 
 last despatch. 
 
 General Havelock has commanded the Field Force 
 occupying the palaces and outposts, and Brigadier 
 Inglis has continued in command of the Lucknow 
 garrison : an arrangement that has proved most 
 convenient. 
 
 The first work required was to open a roadway 
 through the palaces for the heavy train, which had 
 been brought into one of the gardens on the 27 th 
 September, and by the 1st October was safely parked 
 within the entrenchment. 
 
 Contrary to the expectations expressed in my last 
 despatch, the enemy, relying on the strong position of 
 their remaining battery, (the one known as " Phillips' 
 Battery,") continued to annoy the garrison by its fire, 
 and to maintain there a strong force. Its capture, 
 therefore, became necessary, and this was effected on 
 the 2nd October, with the comparatively trifling loss of 
 two killed and eleven wounded : a result which was due 
 
46 
 
 to the careful and scientific dispositions of Colonel 
 Napier, under whose personal guidance the operation 
 was conducted. Three guns were taken and burst ; 
 their carriages destroyed; and a large house in the 
 garden, which had been the enemy's stronghold, was 
 blown up. 
 
 With a view to the possibility of adopting the Cawn- 
 pore road as my line of communication with Alumbagh, 
 Major Haliburton, 78th Highlanders, commenced on 
 the 3rd to work from house to house with the crow-bar 
 and pick-axe. 
 
 On the 4th, this gallant officer was mortally wounded ; 
 and his successor, Major Stephenson, of the Madras 
 Fusiliers, disabled. During the whole of the 5th, these 
 proceedings were continued ; but on the 6th they were 
 relinquished, it being found that a large mosque, 
 strongly occupied by the enemy, required more extensive 
 operations for its capture than were expedient ; there- 
 fore, after blowing up all the principal houses on the 
 Cawnpore road, from which the garrison had been 
 annoyed by musketry, the reconnoitring party gradually 
 withdrew to the post in front of Phillip's Garden, which 
 has since been retained as a permanent outpost, afford- 
 ing comfortable accommodation to H. M.'s 78th High- 
 landers, and protecting a considerable portion of the 
 entrenchment from molestation, besides connecting it 
 with the palaces occupied by General Havelock. 
 During the foregoing operations, the enemy, recovering 
 from their first surprise, commenced to threaten our 
 position in the palaces and outposts by mining and 
 assaults. As there were only a few -miners in the 
 garrison, and none with the field force, the enemy could 
 not be prevented from exploding three mines, causing 
 us a loss of several men ; and, on the 6th, they actually 
 penetrated into the palaces in considerable numbers. 
 
47 
 
 But they paid dearly for their temerity, being inter- 
 cepted and slain at all points. Their loss on that day 
 was reported in the city to have been 450 men. 
 
 A company of Miners, formed of volunteers from the 
 several corps, was placed at the disposal of the chief 
 engineer, which soon gave him the ascendancy over the 
 enemy, who were foiled at all points, with the loss of 
 their galleries and mines, and the destruction of their 
 miners in repeated instances. 
 
 The Sikhs of the Ferozepore regiment have zealously 
 laboured at their own mines, and though separated 
 only by a narrow passage (16 feet wide) from the 
 enemy, have, under the guidance and direction of the En- 
 gineer department, defended and protected their position. 
 The outpost of her Majesty's 78th Highlanders, 
 under Captain Lockhart, has also been vigorously 
 assailed by the enemy's miners. Its proximity to the 
 entrenchment made it convenient to place it under the 
 charge of the officiating garrison engineer. Lieutenant 
 Hutchinson, under whose skilful directions the enemy 
 have been completely out-mined by the soldiers of her 
 Majesty's 78th Regiment. 
 
 I am aware of no parallel to our series of mines in 
 modern war : twenty-one shafts, aggregating 200 feet in 
 depth, and 3,291 feet of gallery have been executed. 
 The enemy advanced twenty mines against the palaces 
 and outposts ; of these they exploded three, which caused 
 us loss of life, and two which did no injury ; seven have 
 been blown in ; and out of seven others the enemy have 
 been driven, and their galleries taken possession of by 
 our miners — results of which the Engineer department 
 may well be proud. The reports and plans forwarded 
 by Sir Henry Havelock, K.C.B., and now submitted to 
 his Excellency, will explain how a line of gardens, 
 courts, and dwelling-houses, without fortified enceinte. 
 
48 
 
 without flanking defences, and closely connected with 
 the buildings of a city, has been maintained for eight 
 weeks in a certain degree of security ; but notwith- 
 standing the close and constant musketry fire from 
 loopholed walls and windows, often within thirty yards, 
 and from every lofty building within rifle range, and 
 notwdthstanding a frequent though desultory fire of 
 round shot and grape from guns posted at various 
 distances, from 70 to 500 yards ! This result has been 
 obtained by the skill and courage of the Engineer and 
 Quartermaster-General's departments, zealously aided 
 oy the brave ofiicers and soldiers, who have displayed 
 the same cool determination and cheerful alacrity in 
 the toils of the trench, and amidst the concealed dangers 
 of the mine, that they had previously exhibited when 
 forcing their way into Lucknow at the point of the 
 bayonet, and amidst a most murderous fire. 
 
 But skilful and courageous as have been the engineer- 
 ing operations, and glorious the behaviour of the troops, 
 their success has been in no small degree promoted by 
 the incessant and self-denying devotion of Colonel 
 Napier — who has never been many hours absent by 
 day or night from any one of the points of operation — 
 whose valuable advice has ever been readily tendered 
 and gratefully accepted by the executive officers — whose 
 earnestness and kindly cordiality have stimulated and 
 encouraged all ranks and grades, amidst their harassing 
 difficulties and dangerous labours. 
 
 I now lay before his Excellency, Brigadier Inglis' 
 report of the proceedings in the garrison, since its relief 
 by the force under my command, since the capture of 
 the enemy's batteries, and the occupation of the palaces 
 nd posts. 
 
 The position occupied by the Oude Field Force 
 relieved the garrison of the entrenchment from all 
 
49 
 
 molestation on one-lialf of its enceinte — that is, from 
 the Cawnpore road to the commencement of the river 
 front; and the garrison, reinforced by detachments of 
 the 78th and Madras Fusiliers, was enabled to hold as 
 outposts three strong positions commanding the road 
 leading to the Iron Bridge, which have proved of great 
 advantage, causing much annoyance to the enemy, and 
 keeping their musketry fire at a distance from the body 
 of the place. 
 
 The defences, which had been barely tenable, were 
 thoroughly repaired, and new batteries were constructed 
 to mount thirteen additional guns. 
 
 The enemy, after the capture of the batteries, adopted 
 a new system of tactics. Their guns were withdrawn 
 to a greater distance, and disposed so as to act, not 
 against the defences, but against the interior of the 
 entrenchment. 
 
 The moment they were searched out and silenced by 
 our guns, their position was changed, so that their shot 
 ranged through the entrenchment ; and but for the 
 desultory nature of their fire, might have been very 
 destructive. 
 
 Under the care of the Superintending Surgeon, Dr 
 Scott, the hospital was securely barricaded without 
 detriment to ventilation. 
 
 From the Rev. J. P. Harris, chaplain of the garrison, 
 the sick and wounded received the most marked and 
 personal kindness. His spiritual ministrations in the 
 hospital were incessant; his Christian zeal and earnest 
 philanthropy I have had constant opportunity of observ- 
 ing since my arrival in Lucknow; and but one testimony 
 is born to" his exertions during the siege and to the 
 personal bravery he displayed in hastening from house 
 to house in pursuit of his sacred calling, under the 
 heaviest fire. Daily he had to read the funeral service 
 4 
 
50 
 
 over numbers of the garrison, while exposed to shot, 
 shell, and musketry. 
 
 Order was established in the magazine under Captain 
 Thomas, the garrison-commandant of artillery and com- 
 missary of ordnance ; and under Dr. Ogilvie, sanitary 
 commissioner, the Conservancy department effected 
 great and visible improvements in the condition of the 
 entrenchments, beside removing the horrible collection 
 of filth and putrid carcasses which had accumulated in 
 the palaces taken possession of by the relieving force. 
 
 I cannot conclude this report without expressing to 
 His Excellency my intense admiration of the noble spirit 
 displayed by all ranks and grades of the force since we 
 entered Lucknow. Themselves placed in a state of siege, 
 — suddenly reduced to scanty and unsavoury rations, — 
 denied all the little luxuries (such as tea, sugar, rum, 
 and tobacco, ) which by constant use had become to them 
 almost necessaries of life, — smitten, in many cases by 
 the same scorbutic affections and other evidences of 
 debility, which prevailed amongst the original garrison, 
 — compelled to engage in laborious operations, — exposed 
 to constant danger, and kept ever on the alert,^ — their 
 spirits and cheerfulness, and zeal and discipline, seemed 
 to rise with the occasion. Never could there have been 
 a force more free from grumblers, more cheerful, more 
 willing, or more earnest. 
 
 Amongst the sick and wounded, this glorious spirit 
 was, if possible, still more conspicuous than amongst 
 those fit for duty. 
 
 It was a painful sight to see so many noble fellows 
 maimed and suffering, and denied those comforts of 
 which they stood so much in need. 
 
 But it was truly delightful, and made one proud of 
 his countrymen, to observe the heroic fortitude and 
 hearty cheerfulness with which all was borne. 
 
51 
 
 My cordial acknowledgments are due to Brigadiers 
 Hamilton and Stisted, and to their Brigade Staff — 
 Captains Spurgin and Bouverie — for the efficient 
 disposition of their troops under General Havelock's 
 orders and direction, and the vigilance with which the}^ 
 have guarded their extended position. 
 
 The glorious reputation which his defence of Luck- 
 now has won for Brigadier Inglis, leaves little room for 
 further commendation of the able manner in which that 
 defence has been continued, — the vigour with which 
 the defences of his garrison have been improved and 
 extended — and the unceasing vigilance which rendered 
 every effort of the enemy to assail him utterly hopeless. 
 I cordially concur in, and second his recommendation 
 to the favourable notice of his Excellency the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief, of the several officers named in his 
 despatch. 
 
 To the gallant Brigadier Eyre, commanding the Ar- 
 tillery, whose victories at Arrah and Jugdespore have 
 already given him a European reputation ; to the brave 
 Captains, Olpherts, of the Bengal Artillery, and Maude, 
 of the Boyal Artillery, commanding batteries ; to Lieu- 
 tenant Thomas, commissary of ordnance ; and to the 
 officers and men of the combined force of Artillery, my 
 hearty and sincere thanks are due. The duties which 
 have fallen on them have been most arduous, and have 
 been carried through with the zeal and gallantry which 
 have ever distinguished their noble arm of the service. 
 
 Captain Crommelin, commanding the Engineer De- 
 partment, has had to undertake very important duties of 
 a novel and difficult nature, without trained Sappers and 
 without any establishment of trained subordinates, and 
 with a very small staff. Under these disadvantages, 
 combined with the very serious one of ill health, Captain 
 Crommelin, aided by the executive department, con- 
 o 4—2 
 
52 
 
 verted the open arcaded halls of the palace into secure 
 barracks, and has kept aloof the enemy's miners. 
 
 To Captain Crommelin, to his gallant and energetic 
 second in command, Lieutenant Hutchinson, to Lieu- 
 tenants Russell and Limmond, and the officers and men 
 recommended by Captain Crommelin, I am very gTcatly 
 indebted. 
 
 I have particularly to recommend to his Excellency's 
 notice Lieutenant -Colonel Purnell, commanding her 
 Majesty's 90th Light Infantry, who throughout these 
 operations has had charge of the advanced garden and 
 its dependent posts, which have been exposed to the 
 unceasing attack of the enemy. For the very able 
 manner in which these posts have been held, Colonel 
 Purnell deserves the highest praise. 
 
 Captain Brasyer, commanding the Regiment of Feroze- 
 pore, and Captain Lockhart, commanding her Majesty's 
 78th Highlanders, have each maintained a difficult posi- 
 tion with the most perfect success. These officers, to 
 whom I must also add Captain Shute, commanding 
 detachment of her Majesty's 64th Regiment, have 
 gallantly led their men in every sortie. 
 
 To Captain Willis, commanding LL M.'s 84th Regi- 
 ment ; Captain Galwey, commanding Madras Fusiliers ; 
 and Lieutenant Meara, commanding H. M.'s 5th Regi- 
 ment (Fusiliers), I must tender my acknowledgments. 
 Captain Barrow, commanding Volunteer Cavalry, 
 Captains Johnson and Hardinge, commanding Irregular 
 Cavalry, though precluded from acting in their proper 
 capacity, have zealously volunteered for every service in 
 which they or their men could be useful, and have 
 maintained posts, or furnished working parties, with 
 cheerful alacrity. 
 
 To Captain Garden, Assistant Quartermaster- 
 General ; to Captain Hardinge, Officiating Deputy 
 
53 
 
 Quartermaster- General ; Captain Moorsom, Deputy- 
 Assistant Quartermaster- General, my thanks are par- 
 ticularly due ; and also to Captains Alexander, Orr, and 
 Carnegy, for their services at the head of the Intel- 
 ligence Department; — notwithstanding the complete 
 hostility of the country, many trustworthy messengers 
 have been furnished, by whom communications have 
 been safely carried to Alumbagh and Cawnpore. Cap- 
 tain Moorsom, of H. M.'s 52nd Regiment, having sur- 
 veyed the city and environs of Lucknow previous to 
 the outbreak of hostilities, has constantly been able 
 to render most important service, and is a very bold and 
 intelligent officer. 
 
 The Commissariat arrangements have been most 
 efficiently conducted under Captain Macbean, attached 
 to the Oude Field Force, and Lieutenant James, 
 attached to the garrison ; and I have to thank them for 
 their valuable services. 
 
 I beg to recommend to particular notice the excel- 
 lent arrangements made for the care of the sick by the 
 Medical Department, under Superintending Surgeon 
 J. Scott, whose energy and zeal have been unremitting 
 in the performance of his arduous duties. 
 
 I have further to recommend to his Excellency's notice 
 Lieutenant Hudson, of her Majesty's 64th Regiment, 
 Deputy Assistant Adjutant- General; and Lieutenant 
 Hargood, Madras Fusiliers, Aide-de-Camp on the Staff 
 of the late Sir H. Havelock ; also the officers of my 
 divisional and personal staff. 
 
 To Major North, General Havelock's Deputy Judge- 
 Advocate- General, and subsequently one of the prize 
 agents, my thanks are due for the readiness and success 
 with which he established and superintended the manu- 
 facture of Enfield rifle cartridges. 
 
 This valuable service was rendered without any rclaxa- 
 
54 
 
 tion of his other duties, in the prosecution of which he 
 met with a wound. 
 
 The pleasing duty now remains of acknowledging my 
 obligations to my personal staff. 
 
 To Colonel Napier, Military Secretary, chief of the 
 Adjutant- General's department, for the efficient support 
 I have ever received from him throughout these opera- 
 tions, and whose gallantry in the field was as conspicu- 
 ous as his able guidance of the engineering operations 
 above detailed was valuable. 
 
 I have much pleasure in making favourable mention 
 of the services of Captain Dodgson, Assistant Adjutant- 
 General, who has afforded me every assistance ; also 
 Captain Gordon, Deputy Judge Advocate-General. 
 
 My aides-de-camp — Lieutenants Sitwell and Chamier 
 — have rendered me most constant and zealous aid. I 
 w^as unfortunately deprived of Lieutenant Sitwell's ser- 
 vices on the 25th September, owing to a contusion received 
 early in the day ; and again, on returning from the gar- 
 rison, from a severe wound on the 17th November. 
 Lieutenant Chamier has attended at my side in the field 
 throughout every operation. 
 
 My thanks are due also to my private secretary, 
 Mr. W. J. Money, who has accompanied the army in 
 the field, in addition to his valuable services in his civil 
 capacity. 
 
 I have to acknowledge the services of Captain Dawson 
 and Lieutenant Hewett, orderly oflacers. 
 
 I was glad to avail myself of the services of Mr. 
 George Couper, Civil Service, who volunteered to per- 
 form the duties of an aide-de-camp during our stay in 
 the garrison and on the night of our retiring from it. 
 
 It is with the deepest regret that I have to record at 
 the head of the gallant and distinguished officers who 
 have so zealously and ably aided these operations, and 
 
55 
 
 whose loss their country has to deplore, the name of the 
 lamented Sir Henry Havelock, on whose merits it would 
 be superfluous for me to dwell. Worn out by toils and 
 exposure, he lived but long enough to witness the end 
 for which he had fought so nobly, and to receive the 
 valued token conveyed to him of the approbation of his 
 Sovereign. 
 
 Colonel Campbell, of Her Majesty's 90th Light 
 Infantry, who, in my former despatch, was returned as 
 wounded, has since died. In him, England has lost a 
 most gallant and distinguished officer. 
 
 By the fall of the gallant officers — Major Haliburton, 
 Her Majesty's 78th ; Major Simmons, Her Majesty's 
 5th Fusiliers ; and Major Stephenson, of the Madras 
 Fusiliers, the country and service have sustained a very 
 heavy loss. 
 
 I have also, with sorrow, to record the loss of the 
 many other valuable officers and soldiers who have fallen 
 in the performance of their duty during the course of 
 these operations, which have involved a total loss (subse- 
 quently to those reported in General Havelock's despatch, 
 of the 28th October,) of 6 European officers, 1 Native 
 officer, and 120 rank and file killed; 27 European 
 officers, 7 Native, and 382 rank and file wounded; total 
 551 killed and wounded. *- 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Major General, 
 Comdg. Cawnpore and Dinapore Divisions. 
 
 [Sir James Outram's despatch contained a mass of enclosures 
 referring to three entirely distinct series of operations. Some of 
 them describe the measiu'es adopted with a view to the extrica- 
 tion and recovery of the rear-guard of General Havelock's 
 force, which had been left behind on the afternoon of September 
 25th, and was not finally brought within the entrenchments till 
 the morning of the 27th. Others detail the various operations 
 
56 
 
 by which, under Sir James Outram's instructions. Generals 
 Havelock and Inglis extended their hnes, secured their position, 
 relieved themselves of the inconvenient pressure of the enemy, 
 and reorganized the Ordnance and Commissariat departments. 
 The remainder are descriptions of the preparations made by Sir 
 James Outram for facilitating the successful advance of the forces 
 which he had requested might be sent to assist him in effecting 
 the safe removal of the original Lucknow garrison, and of the 
 various important operations by which that force (under the 
 command of Sir Colin Campbell) was so materially aided in its 
 advance. 
 
 As originally published in General Orders, these despatches 
 are intermingled with little regard to chronological sequence. 
 Their reproduction in this dislocated form would render them 
 unintelligible to the general reader, and of little value to the 
 historian. The editor has, therefore, assumed the responsibility 
 of arranging them. He here subjoins those which refer to the 
 first two of the series of operations above mentioned. Those 
 relating to the measures by which Sir James Outram assisted 
 Sir Colin Campbell in effecting his ever-memorable entry into 
 Lucknow in November, 1857, will be found in their proper 
 place. It will be observed that the dates of the enclosures to 
 Sir James Outram's despatch of the 25th November bear, in 
 general, little relation to the dates of the operations they describe. 
 Under the pressure of incessant and arduous labours, performed 
 in the presence of a vigilant enemy of overwhelming strength, 
 few officers had time for the preparation of formal reports of 
 past achievements. The stern duties of the present hour were 
 all-engrossing. And man;^ weeks elapsed ere some of the reports 
 were received. They have, therefore, been arranged not accord- 
 ing to the dates they bear, but as nearly as possible in the order 
 of the operations they narrate. 
 
 The editor would earnestly recommend those of liis readers 
 who desire fully to comprehend the subjoined despatches, to 
 combine their perusal with a carefid study of the plans at the 
 end of the volume.] 
 
57 
 
 Colonel R. Napier^ Military Secretary, ^c, to Major- 
 General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., Commanding 
 the Forces. 
 
 Luchiow, 16th October, 1857. 
 
 On tlie 2oth ultimo, Colonel Campbell reported to you, that he, with 
 a small party of the 90th, not exceeding 100 men and almost all the 
 wounded, the heavy guns, and a large number of ammunition waggons, 
 were in the walled passage in front of the Mootee Mehal Palace, which 
 position he shoidd be obUged to hold for the night, as he was invested 
 by the enemy, and could not advance without reinforcements. 
 
 On tlie morning of the 26th, a detachment of 250 men, under com- 
 mand of Major Simmons, 5th Fusihers and part of the Ferozepore 
 regiment under Captain Brasyer, were sent by yoiu- orders to reinforce 
 Colonel Campbell, under the guidance of Captain Moorsom. 
 
 They had judiciously occupied a house and garden between Colonel 
 Campbell's position and the palace; but as they were unable to move 
 from their position, I received your orders to proceed to their assistance, 
 with a further reinforcement of 100 men of Her Majesty's 78th High- 
 landers, under Colonel Stisted, two guns of Captain Olpherts' battery, 
 and Captain Hardinge's Sowars. 
 
 Captain Olpherts strongly objected to his guns being taken, and on 
 considering the reason that he oflfered, I took it upon myself to dispense 
 with them, merely taking spare bullocks. Captain Olpherts accom- 
 panied me as a volunteer. As I had reason to believe that I could 
 open a communication tJirough the palace, which would bring me near 
 the position of the guns, I took Mr. Cavanagh, an intelligent civilian 
 acquainted with the locality, examined the palace as far as Avas prac- 
 ticable, and obtained sufficient knowledge of it to form my plan of 
 operations. 
 
 I then led the party by one of the side outlets of the palace along the 
 river bank to INIajor Simmons' position, under a smart fire from the 
 enemy, from which, however, we received little damage. 
 
 Under cover of the night, all the sick and w^ounded were quietly 
 and safely transported along the river bank to the entrenchment, by 
 a path practicable for camels and doolies, but quite impracticable 
 for guns. Captain Hardinge made several journeys to bring up fresh 
 doolies, until every sick and wounded man was removed. He also 
 took away the camels laden with Enfield ammunition. One of our 24- 
 pounders, which had been used on the previous day against the enemy, 
 but the working of which had ceased, owing to the musketry fire poured 
 upon it, Avas left in an exposed position ; but it w^as extricated in a very 
 daring and dexterous manner by Captain Olpherts, aided by Captain 
 Crump, (killed), and Private DuflPy, of the Madras Fusiliers. 
 
 At 3 A.M., the whole force proceeded undiscovered through the 
 enemy's posts, until the leading division had reached the palace ; and 
 the heavy guns and waggons were safely parked in the garden which I 
 had reconnoitred on the preceding day. The enemy were aroused too 
 late to prevent the operation ; but made an attack on the rear-guard, 
 Avhich was ineffective. 
 
 I remained with Colonel Puruell to secure the position thus gained 
 
58 
 
 with trifling loss. A large body of sepoys was discovered in a walled 
 garden connected with that which contained our heavy guns, by men 
 of H. M.'s 90th, 5th Fusiliers, and 32nd, who gallantly charged in, led 
 by Colonel Purnell, 90th, and Captain McCabe, 32nd, and almost anni- 
 hilated the sepoys, securing the garden itself as the rear of our position 
 INIeasures wore immediately taken to open a road for the guns through 
 the palace, and by the 1st instant, every gun and waggon was safely 
 lodged in the entrenchment. 
 
 It now remains for me to bring to your favoiirable notice the officers 
 commanding corps and detachments — Colonel Stisted, 78th ; Captain 
 Brasyer' Sikhs ; Captain Lowe, 32nd. The late lamented Major 
 Simmons gave me very valuable aid. 
 
 To Colonel Purnell's lot fell the more difficult duty of commanding 
 the rear -guard and of securing the position when gained. In the whole 
 of the operations his assistance and support were of the greatest value. 
 
 Lieutenant Fraser, of the Artillery, was left, on the 26th, by the fall 
 of Brigadier Cooper, in charge of the heavy guns, and though wounded, 
 his exertions assisted greatly in extricating the unwieldy train. 
 
 I must beg most particularly to bring to your notice Captain 
 Olpherts, of the Bengal Artillery. Without his unfailing determination, 
 skill, and fertility of resource, we should never have been able to with- 
 draw the 2 4-pound er, biit at the cost of a very heavy loss of life. From 
 first to last his assistance has been invaluable, and cannot be too highly 
 praised. 
 
 To Captain Hardinge's continued exertions is due the safe removal of 
 the wounded and camels, with rifle ammunition. 
 
 My Assistant-Adjutant-General, Captain Dodgson, gave me every 
 assistance. Captain Moorsom was here, as everywhere, a sagacious and 
 darino' guide. Captain Sitwell attended me zealously through the night. 
 
 Captain Olpherts recommends Private Dufly for the Victoria Cross, 
 for his gallantry in extricating the 24-pounder gun under a very heavy 
 fire of musketry, and I beg strongly to second his recommendation. 
 
 I have deeply to lament the loss of the gallant Captain Crump, 
 Madras Army, killed whilst extricating the 24-pounder. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 R. Napier, Colonel, 
 
 Military Secretary, ^c. 
 
 Brigadier' J. IngUs, Commanding the Garrison, to 
 Colonel Napier, Military Secretary, SfC. 
 
 Luchnoiv, 22nd October, 1857. 
 For the information of Major-General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., com- 
 manding the division, I have the honour to enclose two reports from 
 officers commanding sortie parties, giving an account of their pro- 
 ceedings whilst so employed. 
 
 Both these officers carried out my orders in a most satisfactory 
 manner, and were most successful in the excellent of the duties 
 entrusted to them. I have, &c., 
 
 J. Inglis, Brigadier, 
 Commanding Garrison of Luchnow. 
 
59 
 
 Lieutenant R. H. M. Aitken, Commanding Treasury 
 Guards to Captain Wilson^ Deputy-Assistant- 
 Adjutant- General, Lucknow. 
 
 Luchnoiv, 21st October, 1857. 
 
 I have the honour to state, for the informatiou of Brigadier Inglis, 
 commanding the garrison, the proceedings of a party of the regiment 
 under my command, on the night of the 25th, and morning of the 
 2Gth of September, which ended in the capture of the Taree Kotee. 
 
 On the evening of the 25th, after the first column of the reheving 
 force arrived, I heard the shoiits of the second column in the city in 
 the direction of the gaol, and thinking they might get entangled in the 
 lanes and might suffer from the guns under the Clock Tower, I took 
 twelve armed sepoys of the regiment, with pickaxes and shovels, for 
 the purpose of clearing away, if possible, the battery under the Clock 
 Tower. We got over without opposition, as the head of the second 
 relieving column was by this time in the lane and close up to the guns. 
 As I thought this a good opportunity to occupy at least a portion of 
 the Taree Kotee, I took upon myself the responsibility to take the 
 sepoys through a door made in the wall by the insurgents. We 
 advanced some distance quietly without meeting any one. At last, 
 in a court-yard, we came upon a small body, eight in niunber, and took 
 them prisoners, without firing a shot. I left the sepoys in charge of a 
 havildar in this court-yard for the night, and reported the circumstance 
 for the information of Brigadier Inglis, who ordered me to occupy the 
 Taree Kotee with a stronger body in the morning. 
 
 Early next morning, we advanced to the bank of the river, and shot 
 a few of the insurgents, who attempted to swim the river. At this 
 time I observed a body of men on the top of a building with a gateway. 
 We attempted to get in by breaking in the principal gate, which was 
 barricaded ; but found this impossible. Havildar Eamnarain Pande, 
 however, succeeded in breaking do^vn one of the small doors at the side 
 of the gate, and was the first man who made an entrance. We killed 
 some five or six men in the gateway, and others having got into the 
 rooms above, and on the terraces which run towards the Fureed Buksh. 
 A party of the 32nd came up at this time, under a sergeant, and some 
 twenty-five men altogether were shot and bayoneted. We had two 
 sepoys wounded, and one man of the 32nd was killed. I ought to 
 mention that Captain Lowe, of her Majesty's 32nd, arrived with some 
 men after we had got into the rooms, he having been employed driving 
 the insurgents out of the Captain's Bazaar. All the sepoys behaved 
 well, and I beg to bring to the notice of the Brigadier the gallant 
 conduct of Lieutenant Cubitt, who was most forward throughout the 
 affair. 
 
 Unfortunately three of our sepoys were wounded by the Europeans 
 of the second relieving column on the night of the 25th, after we got 
 over the battery under the Clock Tower, they having been mistaken 
 for insurgents. 
 
60 
 
 Captain E. TV. D. Lowe, Commanding H. M.'s S2nd 
 Regiment, to Brigadier J. Inglis, Commanding 
 Lucknow Garrison. 
 
 City Residency, Lucknow, Sept. 27th, 1857. 
 
 I have tlie honour to acquaint you. that, agreeably to your instruc- 
 tions, I proceeded yesterday morning in command of 150 men of the 
 32ud Regiment for the purpose of clearing the Captain's Bazaar, and 
 adjoining posts, occupied by the enemy. 
 
 The party was in three divisions; the first, under Captain Bassano, 
 on the right; the second, in reserve, under Captain Hughes, 57th N. I. 
 (atached to the regiment); and the third, under Lieutenant Lawrence. 
 The first and second advanced under cover of the thick bushes between 
 our trenches and the road, whilst the third, passing through Innes' 
 Outpost, came out on the road, through the houses in front, taking two 
 small guns as they entered it, and which they dismounted from their 
 carriages. The enemy were taken quite by surprise, and fled pre- 
 cipitately to the river, leaving a 6 -pounder gun in the road. They 
 were pursued by our men, and were nearly all shot or drowned in 
 endeavouring to swim the river. Lieutenant Lawrence then led his 
 party toAvards the iron bridge, and most gallantly succeeded in cap- 
 turing a 9-pounder gun, just as a second round of grape was about to 
 be fired at them. This gun having been brought away, they returned, 
 and we took possession of the ruined mosque and, clearing the Captain's 
 Bazaar, killed some of the enemy there, and captured an 18-pounder 
 gun and four small guns (two of them without carriages). 
 
 I then proceeded to the Taree Kotee with part of the men ; but found 
 it unoccupied. A gate by the river leading into the Furah Buksh 
 palace was then forced, and several of the enemy inside killed. "We 
 were here met by a party of the 13th Native Infantry, under Lieutenant 
 Aitken, who had come in by another entrance. Having your orders 
 not to proceed further in this direction, I withdrew the men. 
 
 Captain Hughes had, in the meantime, led a party again towards the 
 iron bridge, and kilHng a great number of the enemy in the houses 
 about, spiked two large mortars, which, however, he was unable to 
 bring away. He was, I regret to say, dangerously wounded whilst 
 forcing the door of a house. As the party retired, they blew up a 
 large magazine of the enemy's powder. 
 
 The object contemplated having been obtained, not without loss, as 
 the adjoining return will show, I withdrew the parties to the Residency, 
 leaving guards at the ruined mosque and Taree Kotee. 
 
 In conclusion, I beg to bring prominently to your notice the great 
 zeal and gallantry displayed by all engaged, — both oflicers and men, — 
 so equally that it would be invidious to particularize any one; but 
 Lieutenant Lawrence has, however, begged me to report the distinguished 
 bravery of Corporal Samuel Cole, and Private Michael Power, in 
 charging and capturing the 9-pounder gun. 
 
 Lieutenant Innes, of the Engineers, accompanied the party throi;ghout, 
 and afforded -me every assistance. 
 
61 
 
 Brigadier J. Inglis, Commanding the Garrisoii of 
 Lucknow, to Colonel R. Napier, Chief of the 
 Staff, ^c. 
 
 LucTcnow Garrison^ 12th Nov., 1857. 
 
 I have the honour to request that you will do me the favour to sub- 
 mit to Major-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., commanding the 
 forces, the following record of events in this position since the arrival 
 of the army under his command, on the 25th of September. 
 
 On the following morning, I received instructions to place under 
 the orders of Major Haliburton, 78th Highlanders, as strong a detach- 
 ment as I could spare from the garrison, in order to strengthen the rear- 
 guard which had been left at Mr. Martin's house, in charge of the 
 heavy guns that had arrived with the force. I accordingly detailed a 
 party of 100 men of the 32nd Foot, imder the command of Captain 
 Lowe, who was accompanied by Captain Bassano, Captain McCabe, 
 and Lieutenant Cooke of the same corps. This detachment remained 
 all day in position with the rear -guard, and on the following morning 
 it covered the extreme rear, on the march into the " Fureed Buksh," 
 whence Captain McCabe led a party of volunteers, composed of the 5th, 
 32nd, and 90th Regiments, into a garden, and routed the enemy with 
 great slaughter. Early the next day, this detachment, having per- 
 formed the arduous duties assigned them, returned to my garrison. 
 In these operations, the 32nd Regiment had one sergeant and one 
 private killed, and two sergeants and two privates wounded. Captain 
 Lowe also received a severe wound. 
 
 The report of the several sorties made under the direction of the 
 Major-General commanding the foixes, and in which detachments from 
 this garrison have borne (1 would fain hope) a distinguished part, have 
 been so fully detailed by the officers who commanded on these occa- 
 sions, that I need not enter further on the subject than to express my 
 admiration of the gallant and devoted behaviour of both officers and 
 men. 
 
 As soon as these operations were terminated, I turned my atten- 
 tion to the state of the batteries and defences of this position, many of 
 which were in a very dilapidated state, as the Major-General is aware, 
 especially the part called the brigade mess, at either flank of which was 
 an open breach, neither of which we had ever been able to repair or 
 strengthen, or even adequately to defend. But the large number of 
 doolie bearers placed at my disposal by the Chief of the Staff, and 
 the increased strength of the garrison, enabled me to carry on the 
 works with vigour, and to materially strengthen all my critical 
 positions. 
 
 Since the arrival of the force, a large mound and a Musjid ad- 
 jacent to Innes' post were taken possession of by the late Lieutenant 
 Graydon, and have been made defensible, as they completely overlook 
 and command the iron bridge, and approach therefrom. A descrijition 
 of the works that have been carried out is fully given in the appended 
 memorandpan by the Engineer officer. Great praise is due to the great 
 professional skill, the persevering energy, and the untiring personal 
 
62 
 
 activity displayed by Lieutenant Hutchinson, under whom the works 
 have been carried out. 
 
 Owing to the extreme paucity of numbers attached to the gar- 
 rison magazine, and the harassing duties which have devolved on this 
 establishment during this very protracted siege, it has necessarily 
 always been in a somewhat unsatisfactory state, and I gladly seized the 
 opportunity to remodel it. With this end in view,I directed Lieutenant 
 Thomas, in charge of the magazine, to remove it to the Post-office 
 compound, as affording the most convenient site for piling shot and 
 collecting together the various materials appertaining to this depart- 
 ment. This duty has been ably performed by Mr. Conductor Bewsey, 
 officiating sub-conductor, under the directions of Lieutenant Thomas, 
 and I have now the pleasure to report that all the spare shot and shell 
 have been collected, gauged, and piled. The spare muskets and musket 
 barrels have also been collected, and a large supply of cartridges, wads, 
 fuzes, quick and slow matches, have been prepared. The establishment 
 have besides been employed in repairing sponge staffs, grummetting 
 shot and shell, and in collecting wood, iron, lead, and other materials 
 from the Fureed Buksh and other places. The ordnance drivers have 
 also rendered assistance in removing guns and mortars, and in erecting 
 and repairing batteries and issuing stores. 
 
 The buried treasure, amounting to nearly twenty-five lakhs of 
 rupees is being exhumed, and placed again under the charge of the 
 civil authorities. 
 
 The Commissariat arrangements made in garrison, under the direc- 
 tions of Sir James Outram, G.C.B., have involved a considerable 
 reduction in rations, and this deprivation, coming as it did upon the 
 garrison at the end of so long a siege, in addition to the want of malt 
 liquor and spirits, has borne somewhat heavily on every one ; but all 
 have sustained the deprivation cheerfully, and none more so than the 
 women, whose admirable conduct I have alluded to in a former despatch. 
 An appended memorandum, furnished by the garrison commissariat 
 officer, enters fully into the commissariat arrangements that have been 
 made. 
 
 The great number of wounded which accompanied the major- 
 general's force into this position, speedily increased the number of 
 patients fi-om 130 to. 6 2 7, and as nearly all arrived without bedding, 
 and as there was besides but a small supply of medicine, it became 
 necessary to make every arrangement to meet these wants. In order 
 to provide the requisite shelter, two large double-pole tents have been 
 pitched close to the hospital portico, and a large room in the Begum 
 Kotee made over for the accommodation of wounded officers. The 
 buildings in the Central Sikh Square were also assigned to the remain- 
 ing portion of the sick and wounded. Old tents have been cut up for 
 bedding, and the patients have been made as comfortable as circum- 
 stances would admit ; and I am sure that Sir James Outram, G.C.B., 
 will have viewed, with the same satisfaction as myself, the excellent 
 arrangements which have been made by that indefatigable officer, 
 Superintending-Surgeon Scott. 
 
 During the period which this report embraces, the proceedings 
 of the enemy have been marked by luuch less activity than heretofore. 
 
63 
 
 Several of their guns, however, have been moved across the river, 
 whence they have kept up a desultory cannonade, which has been 
 silenced on most occasions by a few rounds of our heavy ordnance. 
 
 Their musketry fire has, however, occasionally been so heavy, espe- 
 cially by night, as to induce a belief that they intended an attack ; 
 but these demonstrations have rarely lasted for any lengthened period, 
 though they have rendered it necessary that every man should be under 
 arms for the time. Owing to the repairs made to our defences, and the 
 increased cover obtained thereby, our casxialties on these occasions 
 have been but few. 
 
 Among the officers belonging to this garrison, who have fallen since 
 the advent of the major-general's force, I deeply regret to have to 
 record the loss of Captain Hughes, of the 57th Kegiment N. I., doing 
 duty with her INIajesty's 32nd Foot, who was mortally wounded at the 
 attack of a house Avhich formed one of the enemy's outposts. Captain 
 McCabe, her Majesty's 32nd Foot, a most distinguished officer, has also 
 fallen ; he received his death-wound while leading his fourth sortie. 
 Lieutenant Graydon, too, of the 44th Regiment N. I., an officer of 
 great merit, was mortally wounded while assisting in barricading his 
 post. 
 
 Of the officers attached to this garrison who have had opportu- 
 nities of distinguishing themselves, I would beg to bring to notice the 
 gallant conduct of Captain Lowe and Lieutenant Lawrence, of her 
 Majesty's 32nd Foot, who have each led a sortie ; Lieutenant Hardinge, 
 officiating deputy quartermaster-general, who headed two sorties ; 
 Lieutenant Aitken, accompanied by Lieutenant Cubitt, of the 13th 
 Regiment N. I., who led a party of his regiment to a successful attack 
 on a barricaded gateway held by the enemy ; Major Apthorp and 
 Captain Kemble, 41st Regiment N. I.; Lieutenants Huxham (wounded 
 slightly in two places) and Ouseley, 48th Regiment N. L ; Lieutenant 
 Warner, of the 7th L. C; Lieutenant Cooke, her Majesty's 32nd Foot; 
 and Lieutenant IMecham, of the Madras Army — also accompanied 
 sorties and distiugiiished themselves. 
 
 Neither must I omit to record my appreciation of the gallant bear- 
 ing of the Engineer officers — Lieutenants Anderson, Hutchinson, and 
 Innes — who accompanied the storming parties. 
 
 My thanks are due to the officers commanding outposts, who 
 have continued to evince the same vigilance and gallantry that have 
 characterized their conduct throughout this memorable siege. 
 
 I have already expressed my inability to do justice to the be- 
 haviour of the troops, both European and native, and I can there- 
 fore only say that they have continued to exhibit the same gallantry 
 under fire, and the same patience under suffering and privation as 
 heretofore. 
 
 The several officers who compose my staff have continued to render 
 me every assistance, and have given me every satisfaction in their 
 several departments. 
 
 Lastly, I beg to express my grateful acknowledgments to the 
 Major-General commanding the forces for the additional force placed 
 at my disposal, composed of detachments of the Artillery, Volunteer 
 Cavalry, 1st Madras Fusiliers, and 78th Highlanders ; all ol' whom 
 
64 
 
 have borne themselves as becomes British soldiers. I have also to add 
 my deep sense of tlie valuable counsel and advice which I have 
 received from yourself on all occasions. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. Ingli?, Brigadier, 
 Commanding Lucknow Garrison. 
 
 Nominal Roll of Officers attached to the Lucknow Garrison, Killed 
 AND Wounded between the 25th September and the 10th November, 
 1857. 
 
 Killed. 
 Artillery. — Lieutenant D. C. Alexander. 
 
 Wounded, 
 
 II.M.''s 32nd Regiment. — Captain E. W. D. Lowe, severely ; Captain 
 B. McCabe, dangerously (since dead) ; Lieut. J. Edmonstoune, slightly ; 
 Lieutenant Browne, very sUghtly (and again severely) ; Assistant- 
 Surgeon E. Darby, severely. 
 
 \3th Regiment Native Infantry. — Lieutenant Cubitt, slightly, twice. 
 
 44f/i Regiment Native Infantry. — Lieutenant J. Graydon, mortally 
 (since dead). 
 
 4,^tli Regiment Native Infantry . — Lieutenant G. C. Huxham, severely 
 (since dead) ; Lieutenant Dashwood, severely (since dead). 
 
 blth Regiment Native Infantry. — Captain Hughes, dangerously (since 
 dead). 
 
 Civil Service. — J. B. Thornhill, Esq., mortally (since dead) ; — Boul- 
 derson, Esq., slightly. 
 
 Memorandum regarding the Sortie of the 27th September, 
 
 Chutter Munzil, 8th November, 1857. 
 
 On the 26th September, I was warned by Brigadier Inglis to lead a 
 party from the brigade mess, and having taken the guns in its front, to 
 circle leftwards, taking or destroying all the guns on the way we should 
 reach our own position at the Jail or Taree Kotee. The party, how- 
 ever, that was told off for this purpose on the 26th, was required to 
 help in the heavy gims and rear-guard from the Mootee Mehal, and the 
 sortie was, therefore, temporarily deferred. 
 
 Having next morning mentioned the proposed sortie to Lieutenant 
 Anderson, Garrison Engineer, at the Fureed Buksh, he stated his 
 opinion of the advisability of the sortie debouching from the Jail and 
 going in rear of the square house and proceeding thence in a direction 
 parallel to the road, by which plan we would start fair from our own 
 ground, probably hit on the enemy's usual route, and take the guns 
 in rear. 
 
 The sortie having been re-arranged for the afternoon of the 27th, 
 Lieutenant Anderson proposed to guide it himself The party was (as 
 I learned on reaching the first house attacked) commanded by Major 
 Stephenson, of the IMadras Fusiliers, and the party to explode the guns 
 consisted of artillerymen under the command of Captain Evans. Two 
 
65 
 
 sepoys of the IStli Native Infantry accompanied us, under my orders, 
 with picks, to helj) in knocking down obstacles, should it be necessary. 
 
 Lieutenant Anderson led the party out by the Taree Kotee and 
 Jail, and rear of the square house to the building now forming the left 
 of the Highlanders' position. The enemy being in possession of it, it 
 was attacked; but the party never appeared to enter the rooms and clear 
 them ; it only remained in or rushed through the court-yards and pas- 
 sages, shooting or l^ayoneting such of the enemy as voluntarily came out. 
 
 The correct place for debouching from the house was on the same 
 side only further advanced, as that at which we had entered it, and, as 
 I afterwards found, Lieutenant Anderson was waiting there to lead the 
 men out, as soon as they should have taken possession of the house. 
 But waiting for no guidance, they left the house at the point which they 
 reached on rushing through it, and immediately found themselves on 
 the road. Hearing a call for an engineer officer, I went forward, and 
 found the party on the road in fi-ont of an embrasure which was shortly 
 afterwards charged, and the gun taken. Not forty men were present 
 for the first ten minutes, and although Captain Evans and my two 
 sepoys were there, the rest of the explosion party were among the 
 absentees. After waiting ten minutes and Major Stephenson getting 
 impatient, Captain Evans, hopeless of the arrival of the bursting party 
 and material, spiked the gun. This was no sooner done than they 
 arrived, and the subsequent attempt to blow up the gun was a failure, 
 from the vent being filled up by the spike. During the attempt to 
 biu-st the gim, an officer (Captain Galwey, I believe), came to report the 
 captiu-e of two other giuas, the spiking of one of them, and the neces- 
 sity for reinforcement. Major Stephenson having advanced towards 
 them asked me where we were, and what was to be done. As to 
 what was to be done, on inquiry fi-om Captain Evans, it appeared that 
 the men had di-mik all the water reserved to moisten the clay to tamp 
 the guns, so that, in fact, he could not burst them, and there were no 
 spikes with which to spike them. I therefore said that, wherever we 
 might go, we could destroy no more guns, and that, consequently, our 
 retvu-n to the entrenchment seemed to me advisable. As to the j^lace 
 where we were, I said, I thought we were at the battery on the left of 
 the Cawnpore road, which opinion was also expressed by Mr. Cavanagh; 
 Mr. Phillips, oiu- real guide, being unable to give any ojiinion at all. 
 To make certain of the locality, I told Major Stephenson I would cross 
 the road and recomioitre, which I accordingly did, and found that my 
 conjecture had been correct. On my return, the party had commenced 
 its retimi to the entrenchments, which it effected by nearly the same 
 route as that by which it had advanced. 
 
 The party which remained with Lieutenant Anderson, at the house 
 first attacked, prevented the enemy still on it ft-om doing us much 
 injury on om* return, otherwise our loss might have been most serious. 
 The separation of the whole party into the two bodies, which was the 
 previous cause of the failure in destroying the guns, is entire attributable 
 to an advance having been made from that house without the direction 
 of the proper guide. J. McLeod Innes, Lieut. Engineers. 
 
 Note. — This sortie was designed to attack the garden battery, and it 
 5 
 
66 
 
 appears from the experience gained in a subsequent attack (1st, 2n(3, and 
 3rd November) that the strength of the party was quite inadequate to 
 accomplish the object required. The real cause of the failiu-e in burst- 
 ing, instead of spiking, the guns taken possession of, appears to have 
 been the delay in bringing up the bursting party. 
 
 Had the house, alluded to by Lieutenant Lines, been taken possession 
 of, instead of being merely passed through, and measures taken to 
 reconnoitre the groimd in advance before the party proceeded, it is 
 probable that the result would have been more satisfactory, and that at 
 all events the captvired guns would have been effectually destroyed ; but 
 without a much larger body of men, the complete conquest and destruc- 
 tion of the whole garden battery could not have been accomjolishcd. 
 
 J. C. Anderson, Lieut., 
 
 Garrison Engineer. 
 
 Captain M. Galwey, Commanding \st Madras Fusiliers, 
 to the Deputy- Assistant Adjutant- General. 
 
 Lucknoiv, Novemher, 1857. 
 
 In reply to your letter, dated 4th November, 1857, number and 
 subject as per margin,* I have the honour to state as follows. 
 
 About 2 p. M., on the 27th September, 1857, the Madras Fusiliers, 
 were ordered to parade for a sortie under command of Major Stephenson, 
 commanding the same regiment, for the purpose of taking some guns 
 in the enemy's Cawnpore battery. 
 
 The regiment was told off in three divisions, the strength of it not 
 admitting of a larger number. Captain Fraser had command of No. 1, 
 Captain Galwey No. 2, and Captain Eaikes of No. 3 division; Lieu- 
 tenant and Adjutant Gosling, Lieutenants Beaumont and Cleland, and 
 Lieutenant the Honourable J. Fraser, 1st Bengal Native Infantry, doing 
 duty with the Fusiliers, fell in with the regiment. A few men of her Ma- 
 jesty's 32nd Regiment, vmder Lieutenant Warner; 7th Bengal Corps, 
 Captain Kemble, 41st Bengal Native Infantry ; Lieutenant Huxham, 48th 
 Bengal Native Infantry ; Lieut. Anderson, Bengal Engineers ; and Lieu- 
 tenant Mecham, 27th Madras Native Infantry, accompanied the party. 
 
 The party proceeded in strict silence out of the Bailey Gate to the 
 garden opposite, and passed through a door to the right, about half way 
 down to the garden, which led through bye-paths till it reached the 
 road, at which place there was a considerable street fire from loop-holes 
 and from the tops of houses and from the guns of the enemy in position. 
 A charge was made at the nearest gun through long grass, ruins, small 
 breaches in walls, and a broad ditch. Our men entered by the embra- 
 sure, and the enemy immediately abandoned this gun. A considerable 
 delay occurred in making preparations for bursting this gun, which, 
 however, ultimately proved a failure, as some person had spiked it pre- 
 viously and in the hurry of the moment. During this time a party of 
 No. 1 Division, under Captain Fraser, proceeded to reconnoitre a little 
 further, when they came on another battery of the enemy, consisting of a 
 
 * No. 147. — Directing a report to be made of a sortie by the troops under 
 command of Major Stephenson, Madras Fusiliers, on the 27th September, 1857. 
 
&7 
 
 24-pounder and an 18-pounder gun. These were abandoned; but the 
 enemy being all round, and keeping up such a fire on his party, Captain 
 Fraser sent back to Major Stephenson to say he required a reinforce- 
 ment. On this. Captain Galwey, of No. 2 division, proceeded with a 
 few men. On reaching the spot, he found from the number of the 
 enemy (which he calculated from their heavy fire) that the position 
 could not be held without a further reinforcement. The battery was 
 surrounded with high walls, and apparently with no outlets. Captain 
 Galwey returned, and reported this to Major Stephenson. It was now 
 discovered that we had with us no means by which we could destroy 
 or dismantle the guns; so Major Stephenson directed the advance party 
 to fall back on him, which, however, they did not then do. Captain 
 tain Fraser spoke in the highest terms of the gallantry of Sergeant Lister, 
 Madras Fusiliers, who spiked the 24-pounder; and of Corporal William 
 Dowling, Her Majesty's 32nd Regiment, who spiked the 18-pounder 
 gun, being at the same time under a most heavy fire from the enemy. 
 
 Finding it impossible to burst the first gun. Major Stephenson left a 
 party under a subaltern to protect that gun, and proceeded with Cap- 
 tain Raikes' division No. 3, which he had kept with him, to the advanced 
 battery, which, as before stated, was surrounded with high walls. At 
 this time Sergeant Lister, previously mentioned as having spiked a 
 gun under heavy fire, was killed. Major Stephenson called on some of 
 the volunteers or guides to point out the way to the next battery; but 
 no one knew the way, or seemed at all aware of our locality, and at 
 this time firing being heard in our rear. Major Stephenson was com- 
 pelled to retire by the way we came, it being quite impossible to go 
 forward without guides. The three guns were left spiked, owing to 
 want of means to destroy them. On the return of the party, it was 
 exposed to a very destructive fire from the enemy, from the tops of 
 houses and loop-holes, and from want of means it was most difficult to 
 take away our killed and wounded. One sergeant, severely wounded, 
 and since dead, must have been left on the ground, had not a private of 
 the 32nd Regiment, in the most gallant manner, with the assistance of 
 Captain Galwey, taken him up and carried him to a place of safety. 
 Lieutenant Huxham, 48th Bengal Native Lifantry, was wounded. 
 
 I enclose a return of the killed and wounded of the 1st Madras Fusi- 
 liers on this occasion. 
 
 Lieut. A. C. Warner, Adjutant, 7th Light Cavalry, 
 to Captain Wilson, Officiating Deputy-Assistant 
 Adjutant- General, Lucknow Garrison. 
 
 Luchiow, 7th November, 1857. 
 
 Agreeably to instructions received, I have the honour to report as 
 follows : — 
 
 In consequence of there being no available officers with Her Majesty's 
 32nd Regiment, I was selected to command a party of that corps on the 
 27th September, in a sortie, for the purpose of capturing some of the 
 enemy's guns, in a battery opposite to our Cawnpore battery. 
 
 5—2 
 
68 
 
 We paraded about 2 p. m. with tlie Madras Fusiliers, and marched 
 out of the Bailey Guard Gate, my party in advance, the whole under 
 command of Major Stephenson, of the Madras Fusiliers. We proceeded 
 through the Taree Kotee, across the road in rear of the Clock Tower, 
 and then took ground to our right. Immediately we had crossed the 
 road, we became exposed to the enemy's fire, and made a rush across a 
 large court-yard through a doorway to our right. After passing 
 through a succession of narrow streets and holes in the wall, we arrived 
 at the Cawnpore road. We then came on one of the enemy's guns, 
 which was firing grape down the Cawnpore road. I took my party to 
 one side of the embrasure, and on receiving the word of command, we 
 rushed in, headed by Major Stephenson. The enemy abandoned their 
 gun, and a naick of the 13th Regiment, Kalka Tewaree, spiked it. We 
 then endeavoured to burst it; but owing to the absence of water and 
 other materials failed. 
 
 While we were attempting to burst this gun, a party of men under 
 Captain Fraser, of the Madras Fusiliers, went on to another battery of 
 the enemy's which was further in advance. 
 
 Shortly after this, the party under my command went with Captain 
 Galwey and some of his men to reinforce Captain Fraser. On arriving 
 near his position, we found the enemy in great force on all sides of us, 
 keeping up a very heavy fire. We then retreated by order of Major 
 Stephenson, on the main body. One of the Madras Fusilier Serjeants 
 being badly wounded, Captain Galwey, Lieutenant Mecham, 27th 
 Madras Native Infantry, Private Smith, her Majesty's 32nd, and 
 myself, with great diiEculty, managed to get him back to the main 
 body. This private was, I regret to say, killed in the retreat. Major 
 Stephenson then ordered us to retreat, which was done by the same 
 route by which we had advanced. During the retreat, we were 
 exposed to a heavy fire from the houses. The conduct of Corporal 
 Coony and Private Smith, of the 32nd, who were both killed, was most 
 noble. 
 
 I enclose a return of the killed and wounded of her Majesty's 32nd 
 Regiment on this occasion. 
 
 Lieutenant J. C. Anderson, Garrison Engineer, to 
 Colonel R. Napier, Military Secretary, S^c. 
 
 Lucknow, 19th October, 1857. 
 Sortie on 2dtJi September, from the left square Brigade Mess, for the 
 object of destroying the enemy's guns, left in front of Brigade 
 Mess, in front of Cawnpore Battery, and on the left of Cawnpore 
 Road. 
 
 ^ The sortie proceeded simultaneously with two others, one from the 
 Sikh square, to the right of the brigade mess, and another from the redan 
 towards the iron bridge, led by Captain McCabe, her Majesty's 32nd 
 Regiment, with a few of the men of his regiment, who had, during the 
 siege, been on duty on the posts opposite the position to be attacked. 
 
69 
 
 The whole strengthi of the sortieing party was 200 men, with a reserve 
 of 150 men. 
 
 At daylight the party issued from an opening in the brigade mess 
 wall, and formed up under cover of a wall which runs parallel to the 
 other at the distance of a few paces. The advance was then made in file, 
 the men having to scramble over the debris of a house which had been 
 blown down on a former occasion, and a rush made direct on the 
 enemy's 18-poimder guns, which lay behind a breast- work, at the dis- 
 tance of 80 yards fi-om the brigade mess. The gunners fired two rounds 
 at us when we made our appearance, but before they could fire again, we 
 had scaled their battery and driven them to flight. "We then proceeded 
 to force a building immediately to the left of the gun. The lower story 
 was quickly occupied. Captain McCabe, the gallant leader of many 
 former sorties, was mortally wounded in the operation, and some delay 
 liaving in consequence occurred, a few of the enemy in the upper story 
 had time to kill and wound several of oiu- men before they were 
 attacked and bayonetted. After the house had been taken possession of 
 a picquet of twenty-five men was left to hold it, while the main body 
 of om- men proceeded along a narrow lane, vmder command of Major 
 Simmons, her Majesty's 5th FusiHers, to occupy two large buildings, 
 aboiit 60 and 80 yards, respectively, in advance of the first, with several 
 other smaller buildings adjoining ; the loss to the enemy in all being 
 probably above thirty men. On our side we had the misfortune to lose 
 Major Simmons, who was killed by a miisket shot while leading his 
 men into the most advanced building. We had now progressed to a 
 position from which we had a view of the enemy's 18-pounder gun in 
 front of the Cawnpore battery. It lay in a lane rurming towards the 
 Cawnpore road, the end of which was barricaded and loopholed, and 
 directly in line with it, on he opposite side of the road, the enemy 
 occupied a house from Avhich they kept up a hot musketry fire on our 
 position. 
 
 I then sent for the reserve, and desired that an officer of rank might 
 be sent to command the whole party. General Sir J. Outram, having 
 become acquainted with our progress, sent word that, imless further 
 advance could be made without danger of considerable loss, the design 
 of proceeding against the enemy's gun, now in our view, should be 
 abandoned, and that the party should retire after destroying in succes- 
 sion the houses we had taken possession of. After consulting with 
 Captain Evans, attached to the artillery, who had meanwhile destroyed 
 the enemy's gun, which we left at the first house, and also a 6-pounder 
 gun in its neighbourhood, I returned a reply to the General that further 
 advance could not be made without considerable loss, and I proceeded 
 to demolish the three large houses Ave held, commencing with the one 
 furthest in advance, and withdrawing the party gradually to the rear. 
 This operation, in which 13 barrels of powder were expended, destroy- 
 ed the principal musketry cover of the enemy against our defencet 
 between the brigade mess and Cawnpore battery, and the destruc- 
 tion of the guns in front of the latter, together with that affected by the 
 sortieing parties acting in conjunction with us to the right, has relieved 
 a considerable portion of our Avork from serious annoyance. 
 
 The party returned about 9.30 a.m. 
 
70 
 
 Retukn of Casualties — Sortie from left square Brigade Mess, on 2'dth 
 September, 1857. 
 
 Luchnow, 19<7j October, 1857. 
 
 Her Majesty's 5th Fusiliers : — -^ 
 
 KiUed. 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 Major Simmons . 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Rank and File . 
 
 . 
 
 6 
 
 Her Majesty's 32nd Regiment: — 
 
 
 
 Captain McCabe . 
 
 . 
 
 1 (since dead) 
 
 Rank and File . 
 
 . 1 
 
 2 do. 
 
 Total .... 2 9 
 
 J. C. Anderson, Lieutenant, 
 
 Garrison Engineer. 
 
 Major C. Apthorp^ Commanding the Reserve, to 
 Captain Anderson, Engineers. 
 
 Lucknow, 20th October, 1857. 
 
 Agi-eeably to youi" request, I have the honour to forward a report of the 
 proceedings of the party as per margin,* under my command, during the 
 sortie of the 29th ultimo. We assembled in the third Sikh square a little 
 before daybreak, as a reserve to an attacking party under command of 
 Captain Hardinge, who, when he had taken the guns in front of the 
 brigade mess, advanced to his right to take a gun situated in a strong 
 position in the middle of a lane, to the left front of Mr, Gubbins' house. 
 He placed his men in a flanking position, and came to me for a party 
 to advance and take some houses to the right and left of the lane, from 
 which there was a heavy fire. I advanced through the breach in the 
 Sikh square, with Lieutenant Ouseley, 48th Regiment Native Infantry, 
 Lieutenant the Honourable J. Fraser, and thirty-five men, and led them 
 up the lane to the fi-ont of the enemy's stockade. I took up a position 
 with four or five men, and fired on several of the enemy who were trying 
 to escape. Lieutenant Ouseley, the Honourable J. Fraser, and several 
 men, got over the stockade, and the party under Captain Hardinge came 
 forward, and the gun, a 6-pounder, pointed towards him, was taken 
 possession of. One of our men was killed as we reached the stockade, 
 and one wounded a short time after. Foiu'teen or fifteen of the enemy 
 were killed, nine of them in two huts to the right and left of the lane. 
 I left this party of the reserve under command of the Honourable J. 
 Fraser, and went back to the remainder of the reserve, which I found 
 had advanced from the Sikh square, under Captain Galwey, and we 
 proceeded down the lane and took up a forward position in a house 
 which Captain Forbes, 1st Light Cavalry, and his Sikh orderly had 
 examined and reported empty. There was a strong party of the enemy 
 to our left fi-ont, who kept wp a heavy fire. I placed part of the men 
 under Captain Galwey in front of the house ; another party, under 
 
 * One major, two captains, three lieutenants, 100 men 1st Madras Fusiliers. 
 
71 
 
 Captain Forbes, took possession of the upper story of tlie house; and 
 I detached a third party to take possession of a barricade across the 
 street a little to our right front. Our loss here was one kiUed and one 
 wounded. Five or six of the men from this position got into a large 
 house still further in advance, and I went and examined the house, and 
 found, after getting into the lower story, that the enemy had begun two 
 mines, the shafts of which were sunk to a considerable depth. I 
 reported this to Lieutenant Innes, the executive engineer, who on ex- 
 amination, decided on blowing them up. Being short of men, I ordered 
 a party often, under Sergeant-major Donovan, to come down our cen- 
 tre bastion and occupy the house where the mines were. He remained 
 in charge till the mines were blown up. During the time I was thus 
 occupied, Lieutenant Ouseley rendered great service by capturing a gun, 
 which had checked the advance of the party to which he was attached, 
 by being planted at the end of a very narrow lane, about 60 or 70 
 yards long. Lieutenant Ouseley, accompanied by Sergeant Higgins and 
 four men of the 1st Madras Fusiliers, went tlirough a number of houses 
 and narrow passages, to the right of the lane, and finding their further 
 progress stopped by a very high and steep bastion, where they distinctly 
 heard the voices of the enemy, they ascended it, led by the above- 
 named officer, found it unoccupied, and rushed across it into a house 
 from which they fired down upon and killed two out of some forty men 
 assembled below them ; and raising a cheer routed the enemy, and took 
 possession of the gun, without losing a man, or giving the enemy the 
 power of discharging the piece to which drag-ropes were attached, to 
 enable it to be pulled round the nearest corner, should we attempt to 
 charge it. A party of eight or ten men from Captain Galwey's position, 
 under Lieutenant Cleveland, reinforced Lieutenant Ouseley, and after 
 the gun had beeh removed they retired and the bastion Avas blo%vn up. 
 Afterwards two small gims were found in a lane close to this battery, 
 and taken possession of by Lieutenants Ouseley and Aitken, 13th Regi- 
 ment Native Infantry. The three were dismantled from their carriages 
 and were sent into the garrison, and the carriages broken up and burnt. 
 Oiu- loss at this point was one killed and two wounded, one of the latter 
 being Mr, Lucas, whose zeal and gallantry on every occasion during the 
 siege every one has heard of About 1 1 o'clock we returned into garri- 
 son, having examined and cleared the guns from the whole of the front 
 of Mr. Gubbins' house. We had not time or men to examine the 
 houses in front of our centre bastion, which I much regret, as there are 
 constant reports fr-om the men, that mining is going on ; but I have no 
 good reason to suppose so, as I have invariably, when called, foimd the 
 houses unoccupied, and heard no noises that would lead me to suppose 
 that mining was going on. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 C. Apthorp, Major, 
 
 Commanding the Reserve. 
 
72 
 
 Lieutenant J. C. Anderson, Garrison Engineer, to 
 Captain Wilson, Deputy Adjutant- General, Luck- 
 now Garrison. 
 
 Post Office, 28th October, 1857. 
 
 I have the honour to forward, for the brigadier's information, and for 
 transmission to Colonel Napier, reports of the three sorties which took 
 place on the 29th ultimo. 
 
 These reports were prepared by Colonel Napier's order, conveyed in 
 a demi-official note. 
 
 Lieutenant G. Hardinge, Commanding Irregular 
 
 Cavalry, SfC, to Colonel R. Napier, Chief of the 
 
 Staff. 
 
 Lucknow, 22nd October, 1857. 
 Agreeably with your orders, I have the honour to report that the 
 undermentioned parties were made over to me to take the guns to the 
 front and right of the brigade mess and Sikh square : — 
 
 Men. 
 Her Majesty's 32nd Regiment, under Lieutenant Cooke . 20 
 Her Majesty's 78th Highlanders, under Captain Lockhart . 140 
 1st Madras Fusiliers, under Captain Galwey . . .90 
 
 Total 250 
 
 We fell in and filed out of the breach in the Sikh square at day- 
 break of the 29th September, 1857. 
 
 The advance consisted of her Majesty's 32nd ; main body, her 
 Majesty's 78th Highlanders; reserve, of 1st Madras Fusiliers. The 
 Engineers under Lieutenant Innes, Artillery under Lieutenant J. Alex- 
 ander; Major Apthorp (whose report I enclose), Captain Forbes, and 
 Lieutenant Ouseley, knowing the ground, accompanied the lesei-ve. 
 
 We formed silently under cover of some broken ground. The first 
 gim, a brass 12-pounder, was taken by her Majesty's 32nd with a 
 cheer. By keeping to the right of the embrasure we avoided the dis- 
 charge. Lieutenant Cooke and Private Keilly were first at the gun. 
 
 The 32nd occupied a house in rear of the gun, and enabled the 
 Artillery to burst it unmolested. 
 
 The 78th Highlanders, led by Captain Lockhart, who was slightly 
 wounded, then charged a gun to the right. The covering party of the 
 first gun, and a considerable body of the enemy, rallied roruid this gun. 
 Sergeant James Young, 78th Highlanders, the first man at the gun, 
 bayonetted one of the enemy's gunners while re-loading, and was 
 severely wounded by a sword-cut. 
 
 I ordered up a party of the 1st Fusiliers under Lieutenant the Hon. 
 J. Fraser, to take the enemy in rear, and a number of them were killed 
 here and in the houses in the neighboiuhood. Hand grenades were 
 used with good effect. 
 
73 
 
 Proceeding furtlier to the right, opposite INIr. Gvibbins' house, our 
 farther progress was stopped by a small gun and some wall-pieces at 
 the end of a narroAV lane. 
 
 Lieutenant Ouseley, 48th N. I., and Lieutenant Aitken, 13th N. L, 
 took these pieces in flank, after a difficult detoui-, by getting into a 
 house above them, and with a cheer and volley routed the enemy. 
 This manoeuvre was most skilfully and gallantly executed. Sergeant 
 Higgins, with four men of the Madi-as Fusiliers, and Private Browne, 
 32nd, are stated to have been the first men at the gun. Mr. Lucas, 
 a volunteer, well known for his bravery, was mortally wounded 
 here. 
 
 Major Apthorp and Captain Forbes, with the Fusiliers under Cap- 
 tain Galwey, occupied the houses commanding the pieces which 
 were brought away. Two shafts of a mine were here discovered and 
 blown up. 
 
 The batteries and barricades were completely burnt and destroyed. 
 Working parties of the Sikh Cavalry, imder Lieiitenant Graham, and 
 sepoys of the 13th N. I., under Lieutenant Aitken, did good work. 
 
 I enclose Lieutenant Innes' report. Under cover of the houses bloAvn 
 up, the party fell back unmolested. 
 
 One heavy gun was burst, three smaller ones and some wall-pieces 
 brought in. 
 
 Our loss was four killed and eleven wounded, including Mr. Lucas 
 and Captain Lockhart. 
 
 Memorandum of Demolitions effected by the Party under Captain 
 Hardinge, on the 2^th September, 1857. 
 
 Lucknow, 2\st October, 1857. 
 The party for demolition consisted of six miners of her Majesty's 
 32 nd Regiment, with a fatigue party of six men supplied from the 
 troops imder Captain Hardinge's guidance. It carried six barrels 
 of powder, with the requisite supply of hose, port-fire, and slow- 
 match. 
 
 The house that covered the first gun taken, being the first selected 
 for demolition, I accordingly laid in it a charge of two barrels. This 
 done. Captain Hardinge pointed out the two next places which he pro- 
 posed to destroy. They were houses in which the enemy were said to 
 be, and to eject whom Avould have been attended with no benefit, but 
 probably with a considerable loss of life. One house being in a dilapi- 
 dated condition, I laid one barrel of powder against the middle of its 
 outer wall ; the other was strong, and I therefore lodged two barrels 
 against its wall in a similar position. 
 
 These charges being laid, it was decided to defer the explosions 
 till the time should arrive for retiring, when they should be fired in a 
 reverse order to that in which the charges were laid. 
 
 On the capture of the guns by the reserve, I lodged a barrel of 
 powder at the stockade where they had been, and fired it. The demo- 
 lition was successful. 
 
 I had thus laid out all the six barrels, when Major Apthorp, in 
 
74 
 
 command of the reserve, reported the discovery of a house with mines 
 in it, leading probably to the bastion and out-houses at Mr. Gubbins' 
 compound. I mentioned the want of powder; but Lieutenant Graham 
 arriving and reporting that more powder had been placed at my 
 disposal, I requested to have four barrels sent me. On proceeding to 
 examine the house and mines, I found that there were two shafts, but 
 no galleries. No mines then had to be destroyed, only the house, in 
 which, therefore, I lodged and fired two barrels of powder, bringing 
 down the side of the house facing the entrenchments. 
 
 The time for the party to retire having now arrived, I fired the 
 mines mentioned in paragraph 2, in a reverse order to that in which 
 the charges had been laid. As the explosion did not occvu- till the rear 
 guard was on the entrenchment side of the buildings successively 
 demohshed, the inspection of the results could not be made on the site 
 of the building destroyed ; but as well as observation from a tolerably 
 short distance could enable a decision to be arrived at, all the demoli- 
 tions were su,ccessful. 
 
 J. McLeod Innes, Lieutenant, Engineers, 
 In charge of the Demolition Party. 
 
 Report of a Sortie made on the 22th September, 1857, towards the 
 Iron Bridge. 
 
 Luchiow, 22nd October, 1857. 
 
 On the morning of the 29th ultimo, I was directed by Lieutenant 
 General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., to proceed as guiding ofiicer, with 
 a column (strength as per margin),* under the command of Captain 
 Shute, her Majesty's 64th Regiment. 
 
 The principal object of the expedition was to destroy a 24-poimder 
 gun, situated on a mound about 200 yards from Mr. Hill's shop, which 
 had been doing immense injury in the garrison dimng the siege. 
 
 The party started from Innes' out-post about daybreak, and took 
 and spiked two mortars and four Zemindaree guns of small calibre, 
 destroying the carriages of the latter. The guns were placed on the 
 roads leading towards the iron bridge, and past Mr. Hill's shop, and 
 the column had to traverse a distance of 1,200 yards from the out- 
 post before reacliing the last gun. The party then returned about 
 800 yards, and quitted the road to reach the 24-pounder gun above 
 mentioned. It was taken possession of, and the houses near having 
 been occupied, it was destroyed successfully. 
 
 I regret, however, to add that the coliunn sustained considerable loss 
 in consequence of an order with reference to occupying the houses in 
 its rear leading to the iron-bridge not having been carried out. 
 
 J. Graydon, Lieutenant Mth Regiment N.I. 
 
 Guiding Officer to Captain Shute's Column. 
 
 * Strength of Captain Shute's Column:— H.M.'s 32nd Eegiment, 1 officer and 
 12 men; H.M.'s 64tli Regiment, 2 officers and 21 men; H.M.'8 84th Regiment, 
 3 officers and 110 men. Total— 6 officers and 143 men. 
 
75 
 
 Casualtt Return of a Party of H.Mh S2nd Eegiment under Lieut. 
 Edmondstoune, on the 29<A of September, 1857. 
 
 Lucknoiv, 30th September, 1857. 
 1 officer, Lieutenant Edmondstoune, wounded. 
 1 corporal, wounded (since dead). 
 Total — 1 officer wounded, 1 corporal wounded. 
 
 E. W. D. Lowe, Captain, 
 Commanding 32nd Eegiment. 
 
 Eetuen of the Number of Casualties which tooTc place in H.M.^s 84:th 
 and 6ith Regiments in the Sortie of the 29fA September, 1857. 
 
 Lucknow, 21st October, 1857. 
 Captain Sliute's (against the iron -bridge) : — 
 
 Killed. Wounded. 
 Her Majesty's 84th Eegiment ... 8 8 
 
 Her Majesty's 64th Regiment ... 2 13 
 
 F. A. "Willis, Captain, 
 Commanding H.M.^s 84:th Eegiment. 
 
 Colonel R. Napier, Military Secretary, ^c, to Major 
 General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., Commanding 
 
 the Forces. 
 
 Luchnow, oth October, 1857. 
 
 On the 1st instant, I received your orders to take the enemy's 
 battery in the position called Phillip's Garden, near the Cawnpore 
 Road. For this object you placed at my disposal the following 
 troops : — 
 
 Detachments of her Majesty's 5th Fusiliers; 32nd; 64th; 78th; and 
 90th regiments ; and the Hon. East India Company's 1st Madras 
 Fusiliers, under Major Haliburton, her Majesty's 78th; Captain Shute, 
 her Majesty's 64th ; and Captain Raikes, Madras Fusiliers, — amounting 
 to 568 men; Lieutenant Limond, Engineers, and Lieutenant Tulloh, 
 Acting Assistant Field Engineer, attended the column with a party of 
 five Miners of her Majesty's 32nd Regiment, and a party of Artillery, 
 under Sergeant Smith, with means of bursting guns. 
 
 In the afternoon of the 1st, the column formed in the road leading to 
 the Paen Bagh, and advanced through the buildings near the gaol, 
 occupied the mass of houses on the left and front of Philhps' Garden, 
 under guidance of Mr. Phillips the former occupant, and the enemy 
 were driven from some houses and a barricade on the left of our 
 advance, by fifty men of the Madras Fusiliers, led by Lieutenant 
 Groom under a sharp fire of musketry, in a very spirited manner. 
 
 The houses in front were strongly barricaded, and in many cases the 
 doors were bricked rip ; it was, therefore, late before we had worked a 
 way to a point from whence we could command the enemy's position. 
 A party of the enemy was driven out, and a row of loop-holes was 
 commenced immediately, and the ground examined right and left. 
 Attempts to penetrate the garden to the left were ineffectual ; to the 
 
76 
 
 right an opening was obtained, which disclosed that the enemy's 
 batteries were separated from us by a deep narrow lane, some twelve or 
 fifteen feet below the garden ; the latter was surrounded by a deep mud 
 wall, with buildings attached. The face of the battery was scarped and 
 quite inaccessible without ladders. A heavy fire was kept up from the 
 face of the battery, and the lane was flanked by a strong barricade. 
 As it was dark, and a direct attack would be certain to cost many lives, 
 I determined to wait till day-light before assaulting the battery. The 
 position was duly secured, and the men occupied the buildings for the night. 
 
 In the morning, after giving the men breakfast, and arranging with 
 the artillery to open fire from the entrenchment, the troops advanced. A 
 severe fire was opened from the barricade, flanking the lane on the 
 right ; but Major Haliburton detached Lieutenant Creagh, IVIadras 
 Fusiliers, with a party to turn the barricade by the Cawnpore Road, 
 which was effectually done. The troops then doubled out through the 
 lane, and forced a way through the stockade into the enemy's batteries; 
 the 5th Fusiliers and detachment 64th in advance, under Lieutenant 
 Brown, supported by the Madras Fusiliers and her Majesty's 32nd. 
 The enemy was immediately driven from the battery, and Phillips' 
 house occupied without further opposition. A picquet being left in 
 possession, the troops advanced on the guns which had been withdrawn 
 to the end of the garden and to the streets adjoining, and captured two 
 9-pound ers, and one 6-pounder gun, driving oiF the enemy who 
 defended them with musketry and grape. The guns were immediately 
 dragged to the garden and burst, their carriages completely destroyed, 
 and their ammunition sent to the entrenchment. Phillips' house was 
 blown up by a party under Lieutenant Innes, Engineers, and at dark 
 the troops withdrew to their position of the previous night. 
 
 In all the arrangements I was most fortunate in having the aid of 
 that very able and brave oflicer, Major Haliburton, her Majesty's 78th 
 Highlanders, who deserves particular notice. 
 
 I beg to recommend to your favourable notice Captain Shute, her 
 Majesty's 64th, and Lieutenant Brown, 5th Fusiliers, who led the party 
 into the battery, and were foremost in capturing the two 9-pouuders. 
 I also beg to recommend to your notice Private McHale, her Majesty's 
 5th Fusiliers, who was the first man at the capture of one of the guns. 
 
 Lieutenant Limond, of the Engineers, was very active in the duties 
 of the Engineer Department, and in reconnoitring the enemy's position. 
 Captain Dawson and Lieutenant Hewett attended me zealously as Field 
 Orderly Officers throughout the operations ; and Mr. Cavanagh, Superin- 
 tendent Chief Commissioner's Office, accompanied the party as a guide, 
 and was always to be found at the front. 
 
 The guns were destroyed by Sergeant Smith with the party of 
 Artillery. 
 
 The position of this battery was so inaccessible, and the locality so 
 little known, that the enterprise of taking it was considered by the ex- 
 perienced chief engineer of the garrison as one of very serious difficulty. 
 Owing to our laborious investigation of its position, which enabled us to 
 obtain command of it from the adjacent mass of buildings, I was able 
 to take it at the comparatively small loss of 2 killed and 1 1 wounded. 
 
 I have only to add, that, although I have mentioned the names of 
 
77 
 
 those ofEcers who had the good fortune to be at the points of attack, 
 yet the conduct of the whole of the officers and men was in every way 
 deserving of your commendation; they were most eager to assault the 
 battery on the night of the 1st, but I restrained them, as I was con- 
 vinced shat I could effect the desired end without the serious loss that 
 would have then been incurred. 
 
 Their attack when made was carried out with their unfailing gal- 
 lantry. 
 
 It is impossible to estimate the loss of the enemy. 
 
 I am, &c. 
 
 K. Napier, Colonel, 
 
 Military Secretary ^ <J-o. 
 
 Lieutenant G. Hardinge, commanding Irregular 
 Cavalry, SfC, to Colonel R. Napier, Chief of the 
 Staff. 
 
 Lucknoiv, 6th November, 1857. 
 Agreeably to your order I have the honour to report, that on the 
 2nd ultimo, the undennentioned party was put under my command for 
 taking the guns to the right of the Cawnpore road : — 
 
 Her Majesty's 32nd, Lieut. Cooke . . . 68 Men 
 
 Her Majesty's 84th Regiment . . . . 12 ,, 
 
 Madras FusUiers . . . . . . 15 „ 
 
 Artillery ....... 7 „ 
 
 On coming up to the batteries, we found the enemy had deserted 
 them, and withdrawn one or two guns. They had burst a very heavy 
 gun on the Cawnpore road, and another, an iron 18 -pounder, had the 
 muzzle blown off. I had this destroyed after biu-ning the batteries and 
 blowing up a large mosque, in wliich four barrels of powder were 
 placed. 
 
 I withdrew the party unmolested, the enemy only firing from some 
 distant houses. One man of her Majesty's 32nd Eegiment was 
 wounded. 
 
 Lieutenant Graham and twenty Sikh Cavalry formed the working 
 party. 
 
 Major- General H. Havelock, Commanding Oude Field 
 Force, to Captain Dodgson, Acting Military 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 Luchiow, 21st N'ovember, 1857. 
 I have much pleasure in forwarding for submission to Major- 
 General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., the accompanying report from 
 Colonel R. Napier, chief of the Staff, detailing the late operations at the 
 advanced posts in the palace of Pureed Buksh. 
 I am, &c. 
 
 H. Havelock, Major-General, 
 
 Commanding Oude Field Force. 
 
78 
 
 Colonel R, Napier, Military Secretary, SfC, to Captain 
 Hodson, Deputy -Assistant Adjutant- General, Oude 
 
 Field Force. 
 
 Luchnoiv, 20th November, 1857. 
 
 The Chief Engineer of the Oude Field Force being wounded at 
 the time of our arrival at Lucknow, and further prevented, until the 
 1th ultimo, from personally attending to his duties, by an accidental 
 lameness produced by his arduous exertion in constructing the bridge at 
 Cawnpore for the passage of the Force across the Ganges, there devolved 
 upon me many duties not appertaining to my office, which it is proper 
 that I should report throiigh you, as I believe no officer except myself 
 is acquainted with all that has taken place, and the course of those 
 duties gave me an opportunity of noticing the valuable services of 
 officers which could not otherwise be brought to Major-General Have- 
 lock's knowledge. 
 
 On the morning of the 27th ultimo, the escort with the heavy train, 
 occupied the range of palaces called the Chuttur Munzil and Fureed 
 Buksh. 
 
 Major-General Havelock is aware that these palaces afford the only 
 shelter that our troops could have occupied, and that as mere shelter 
 they give excellent accommodation; but, as a military position they 
 have very great disadvantages. The northern face is well protected by 
 the River Goomtee; but the east and south-east faces are surrounded 
 by buildings and in contact with the city. 
 
 Captain Crommelin's plan, which he will submit with his report of 
 the engineer operations, illustrates the preceding remarks. 
 
 The joosition was too extensive for our force, nearly all of which was 
 occupied in guarding it ; but it was susceptible of no reduction, so that 
 most desirable as it was that we should have occupied some of the 
 exterior buildings as flanking defences, we were unable to do so, but 
 were obliged to confine ourselves to the palaces and gardens, and to 
 erect precautionary defences against any means of annoyance the enemy 
 could devise. Lieut.-Colonel Purnell, of her Majesty's 90th, being in 
 command of the rear-guard on the 27th, I requested him to assume 
 command of the palace garden and buildings adjacent to it. On the 
 28th the palace buildings extending in the direction of the Khas bazaar 
 were explored by Captain Moorsom, who with a party of fifty men of 
 the 90th and 5th Fusiliers, gallantly drove the enemy out at the point 
 of the bayonet, killing a considerable number, with the loss of one man 
 of her Majesty's 90th. Captain Moorsom then placed a picquet in a 
 house commanding the Cheena and Khas bazaars. On the 3rd instant, 
 the enemy sprang a mine under the garden-wall, which merely shook 
 it without bringing it down. On the 5th, they exploded a second 
 mine, which effected a considerable breach, and appeared in some force 
 with the intention of making an assault ; but on the head of the column 
 showing itself on the breach, a well-directed fire from her Majesty's 
 90th caused it to retreat precipitately and with considerable loss. The 
 enemy also burned dovra one of the gateways of the garden, making a 
 second practicable breach, at which they occasionally appeared to fire 
 
79 
 
 a shot or two. Lieut. -Colonel Purnell had retrenched both these 
 breaches, which it became evident that the enemy had no real intention 
 of assaulting; but they exposed the garden to a severe musketry fire 
 from commanding buildings on the right, called the Hern Khana; it, 
 therefore, became necessary to open ti'enches of communication, which 
 were commenced by Lieut. -Colonel Purnell and his officers. On the 
 6th, the enemy blew up the picquet overlooking the Cheena and Khas 
 bazaars, causing us a loss of three men, and in the confusion that 
 ensued penetrated in considerable numbers into the palace, where many 
 of them were destroyed. They are said to have lost 450 men ! The 
 remainder were driven back, but continued to occupy a part of the 
 palace buildings which had been in our possession. Of these, the 
 nearest to us is a mosque commanded by our buildings, but giving 
 several easy means of access to our position. On the 8th, the enemy 
 attacked from the mosque our nearest picquets ; but were repulsed with 
 loss. In order to prevent a repetition of this annoyance, I examined 
 carefully, in company with Lieut.-Colonel Purnell and Captain Moorsom, 
 the buildings connecting us Avith those of the enemy, and we succeeded 
 in penetrating to a vault under their position, whei'e, screened by the 
 obscurity, we could see the enemy closely surrounding the entrance, 
 and hear them in considerable numbers overhead. A charge of two 
 barrels of powder was lodged in the vault, and was fired by Lieutenant 
 Russell, of the Bengal Engineers. The effect was complete; many of 
 the enemy were blown up, and their position greatly injured, whilst we 
 obtained a command over the streets leading to the Khas and Cheena 
 bazaars better and more secure from molestation than our previous one. 
 This post was immediately and securely barricaded by Captain Crom- 
 melin, of the Engineers, who this day resumed his duties as chief 
 engineer, and the value of his services was immediately apparent. 
 Though our position was improved by this explosion, the possession of 
 the mosque was absolutely necessary to our security. I accordingly 
 determined to re-capture it, and on expressing my wishes to Lieut.- 
 Colonel Purnell, that officer himself accompanied me with a small party 
 of the 90th and Madras Fusiliers. The enemy, fifty or sixty in num- 
 ber, were surprised and rapidly driven out with very trifling loss on 
 our side, and the position immediately barricaded and secured by 
 Captain Crommelin ; it has ever since formed a good connection between 
 the picquets of the advance garden and the quarters of Brasyer's Sikhs, 
 and all attempts of the enemy to molest it have been ineffective. It 
 falls within Captain Crommelin's province to report in detail the various 
 operations by which our difficult position, in close contact with the 
 city, occupied by a numerous and persevering enemy, has been defended 
 and protected. 
 
 I beg to bring to the notice of Major-General Havelock the excellent 
 services performed by Lieutenant- Colonel Purnell, who has commanded 
 in the advance garden and its outposts since their occupation. Much 
 of the trench work by which it was rendered unassailable has been 
 executed by his men, and under his superintendence, directed by the 
 Engineer Department. On all occasions he has given the cordial and 
 able co-operation of a most brave and accomplished officer. Captain 
 Grant, of the Madras Fusiliers, has commanded the post of the Mosque, 
 
80 
 
 from the 11th of October to the 2nd of November, when he was 
 severely wounded. He maintained the post under a constant and close 
 musketry fire, and repeated attacks by mining, with cool courage and 
 judgment ; both these qualities were required to avoid real and to dis- 
 regard tlie imaginary dangers of mines, and Captain Grant has displayed 
 them in an eminent degree. 
 
 The daring and intelligent Captain Moorsom has been engaged in 
 most of the above operations, and has given very valuable assistance. 
 
 Captains Eattray and Wade have shown themselves excellent com- 
 manders of outposts. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 E. Napier, Colonel, 
 
 Military Secretary, ^c. 
 
 Lieutenant G. Hutchinson^ Engineers, Director oj 
 Works, to Colonel R. Napier, Engineers, Military/ 
 Secretary, ^c. Sj-c. 
 
 Lvcknoiv, 21st November, 1857. 
 I have the honoiu* to forward a plan and memorandum showing 
 Captain Lockhart's post and work done by the engineer department at 
 that post. 
 
 Memorandum of Work executed at Captain LocJcharfs Post, from the 
 first possession of it until the 21st of November, 1857. 
 
 Barricades were at once and primarily erected at all outlets and 
 loopholes cut along all the walls. 
 
 Doorways of communications were opened between the three main 
 houses, which originally were distinct buildings, and such arrangements 
 made as enabled us to command to the utmost the ruins on the right 
 and left of position. 
 
 A cannon-proof barricade was erected across the Khas Bazar, com- 
 mujiicating with 84th post, and an embrasure opened through it for a 
 gun ; a second barricade was afterwards placed across the Cawnpore 
 road. 
 
 The enemy commenced mining against us (at H) on the left of our 
 position, about six days after our occupying the post. We sunk a shaft 
 preparatory to driving a gallery to meet them ; but before we could 
 complete the shaft, the enemy exploded a very large charge of powder, 
 some ten feet short of our outer enclosure wall, which had the effect of 
 shaking down the wall and filling up our shaft by the masses of earth 
 thrown into the air and descending into our shaft. I regret to say we 
 lost one man in this shaft. By some fatality, though the men on duty 
 and at the mine saw the enemy's train burning, and volumes of smoke 
 issuing out of the houses from which they knew the enemy were 
 mining, they did not move from the spot, but merely sent to report to 
 their officer. We were prepared for the explosion, and had the enclo- 
 sure all ready barricaded off, so that the enemy gained nothing by the 
 mine. 
 
81 
 
 From this time up to within the last six days, we have been almost 
 constantly at work day and night, coimtermining against them. 
 
 Onr general success has been very good, having held onr ground 
 with an expenditure of but 200 lbs. of powder, and resisted numerous 
 attacks of the enemy's miners. 
 
 On two particular occasions our success was more than usual. A 
 gallery driven, from our shaft C, intercepted a gallery of the enemy's, 
 and our explosion completely cut off some 12 feet of it ; so that 
 the next morning, on breaking into the portion so cut off, we dug out, 
 or rather di'agged out, four dead bodies, the enemy's miners having 
 been completely cut off in a tomb as it were, for the gallery they were 
 in was not broken doAvn, but stopped up by our explosion. 
 
 In the second case our operations commenced from shaft D. 
 
 We broke into their gallery some 12 feet from our wall about twelve 
 o'clock at night, and Sergeant Day, oiu- superintending miner, remained 
 below, assisted by others, holding the entrance to their gallery until I 
 arrived. 
 
 On entering the enemy's gallery, I took Corporal Thompson, of the 
 78th Highlanders, "with me, and observing the apparently great length 
 of the enemy's mine, proceeded cautiously to extinguish the lights, so 
 as to keep ourselves in darkness as we advanced. At this time the 
 enemy were in the mine at or near their shaft, which, contrary to their 
 usual practice, they evidently wished to hold uninjured. They gene- 
 rally fiU them in at once when we take their gallery. 
 
 I proceeded, extinguishing the lights, until I distinctly saw the 
 enemy at the far end, and to advance frirther woiild be to advance in a 
 blaze of light. I therefore lay doAvn and waited, as our preparations 
 above, can-ied on under Lieutenant Tulloch, were not yet ready. 
 Whilst lying there, I saw a sepoy with musket at trail advance down 
 the mine, and when within 40 feet of him, fired at him. My pistol 
 missed fire, and before Corporal Thompson could hand me his pistol, 
 the sepoy had retreated. After remaining some time longer, I placed 
 another man with Corporal Thompson, and went up to get an ofiicer 
 down, as I felt it required a very steady man down here to support us. 
 While we were laying the charge and making various arrangements, 
 which utterly precluded our watching against an enemy's advance, 
 Lieutenant Hay, of the 78th Highlanders, then commanding the 
 picquet, kindly volunteered and took up my old post. Lieutenant 
 Tulloch and Sergeant Day quickly got the powder down, and all 
 arrangements ready, when we withdrew Lieutenant Hay beliind the 
 partial barricade we had formed; and whilst here, still watching -with 
 Corporal Thompson, he got two shots at another man wlio attempted to 
 come down the mine, and apparently wounded him. The enemy made 
 no more attempts to come down the mine, but went outside their 
 building, and came over our heads, apparently with the intention of 
 breaking through. After some quarter of an hom-'s walking over 
 head, they, I conclude, could not find the direction of the mine, and 
 retreated into the house. 
 
 Our charge of 50 lbs., which I had laid outside our barricade, and 
 82 feet up to the enemy's gallery, was soon tamped, and the charge 
 fired by Lieutenant Tulloch. The charge being laid with 9 feet of 
 
 6 
 
82 
 
 sand-bag tamping behind it, and none in front, the main force of the 
 powder acted towards the enemy's shaft, but it took down 40 feet back- 
 wards towards us, leaving us 40 feet to use as a listening gallery. I 
 deduce the enemy's mine to be 200 feet long and upwards, from the 
 reconnoitring of Lieutenant Hay and myself before we commenced 
 laying our charge, and from the position of the house it came 
 from. The gallery had numerous air-holes, and was thoroughly 
 ventilated. 
 
 I was much indebted to Lieutenant Hay and Corporal Thompson in 
 this business, and also to Lieutenant TitHocIi, who himself also fired the 
 mine — a somewhat difficult task, as our bore being short, he had to 
 retreat some 60 feet through the enemy's gallery and ours, and then 
 up the shaft. Such is a brief account of oiu mining operations. The 
 total length of gallery work run is 500 feet, and five shafts averaging 
 12 feet deep, with a drain of 5 feet each. 
 
 The 9-pounder gun I placed in position in the house on the left of 
 oiu" position, as shown in plan, and it was useful in silencing the fire of 
 a gun of the enemy's firing from a stockade up the lane. 
 
 In concluding this report, I would respectfully bring to your notice 
 the valuable assistance rendered by Sergeant Day, of the 32nd, who 
 was in charge of the mines, and until Lieutenant Tulloch was posted 
 to the position, acted direct under my orders. His zeal and quiet, 
 steady management of the raw recruits under him has been most 
 commendable. 
 
 I would also bring to your notice the imremitting zeal and attention 
 to his work manifested by Lieutenant Tulloch, since he has been in 
 charge of the post; and during the period of my acting here. Lieutenant 
 Tulloch has almost entirely — luiassisted by me — carried on our system 
 of mines most successfully. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 G. Hutchinson, Lieut., Engineers, 
 
 Director of Works. 
 
 Names of Officers Killed and "Wounded ivith General HavelocFs 
 force since leaving Caicnpore to 2dth September, 1855, in addition to 
 the names cdready jmhlished in Government General Order, No. 1,625, 
 0/1857. — ''Extraordinary Gazette'' of the 23rfZ December, 1857. 
 
 Killed. 
 
 Her Majesty's 5th Fusiliers. — Lieutenant E. F. Haig. 
 
 Her Majesty's 90iA Light Infantry. — Lieutenant J. J. Nunn. 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 Her Majesty's bth Fusiliers. — Lieutenant J. W. D. Adair; Lieutenant 
 W. M. Carter (since dead). 
 
 Her Majesty's 78th Highlanders. — Captain E. Bogle. 
 
 Her Majesty's 90th Light Infantry. — Brevet Major J. Perrin, Captain 
 A. A. Becher, 40th N. I. (since dead) ; Lieutenant N. Grahame (since 
 dead). 
 
83 
 
 Nominal Eoll of European Officers Killed and Wounded from 29^A 
 September to 2\st October, in Field Force. 
 
 Artillery. — Lieutenant Fraser, September 30th, slightly wounded. 
 
 1st Madras Fusiliers. — Major Stephenson, October 4th, slightly 
 wounded; Captain Fraser, October 5th, severely wounded; Captain 
 Galwey, October 5th, slightly wounded ; Lieutenant Grasme, October 
 5th, mortally wounded (since dead); Lieutenant Barclay, October 21st, 
 slightly wounded. 
 
 5ih Fusiliers. — Captain Scott, October 6th, slightly wounded, 
 
 78th Highlanders. — Major Haliburton, October 4th, mortally wounded 
 (since dead) ; Dr. McMaster, October 1 5th, slightly wounded. 
 
 8-ith Foot. — Lieutenant Gibaut, October 6th, mortally wounded 
 (since dead). 
 
 90th 7^90^— Captain Denison, October 6th, severely wounded; Captain 
 Bingham, October 6th, severely wounded ; Captain Phipps, October 6th, 
 severely wounded. 
 
 Regiment of Ferozepore. — Lieutenant Cross, October 6th, severely 
 wounded. 
 
 [Ha"vang secured his troops in as perfect safety as the nature 
 of the locahty permitted, and reorganized the various military 
 departments. Sir James Outram directed his attention to the 
 arrangements by which he could most eifectually facilitate the 
 advance of the force for which he had applied, to effect the 
 removal of the Lucknow garrison. In the " correspondence " 
 wliich follows these despatches will be found the minute 
 instructions which, with illustrative plans of the city and its 
 environs, he forwarded to the Alumbagh for the guidance of 
 " the officer commanding the relieving force." And in this divi- 
 sion of the volume are detailed the several arranoements made 
 by Sir James Outram for enabling that force to communicate 
 with his own, as well as the co-operative measures by which 
 he undertook that the latter should share the labours of the 
 former, and minimize the perils of its advance. How effectually 
 the promises made by Sir James Outram in behalf of his own 
 troops were fulfilled, is shown in the reports of General Have- 
 lock, Brigadier Eja-e, Colonel Napier, Captain Crommelin, and 
 Lieutenants Hutchinson, Limond, Hall, and Russell. But as 
 these will probably be read with greater interest after the 
 despatch in which Sir Colin Campbell describes the brilliant 
 achievements of his own force, to wdiich the operations of the 
 Locknow troops were ancillary, precedence is here given to 
 that document. When perusing this despatch, the reader should 
 consult Plan No. I.] 
 
 o 6—2 
 
84 
 
 His Excellency the Commander-in- Chief to the Rigid 
 Hon. the Governor- General. 
 
 Head Quarters, Shah Nvjjeef, Luchioiv, 18th Nov. 1857. 
 
 My Lord, — I have the honovir to apprise your Lordship that I loft 
 Cawnpore on the 9th November, and joined the troops tinder the com- 
 mand of Brigadier-General Hope Grant, C.B., the same day, at Camp 
 Bimtara, about six miles from Alumbagh. 
 
 There being a feAv detachments on the road, 1 deemed it expedient to 
 wait till the 12th before commencing my advance. 
 
 On that day I marched early for Alumbagh, with the following 
 troops : — Naval Brigade, eight heavy guns ; Bengal Horse Artillery, 
 ten guns ; Bengal Horse Field Battery, six guns ; heavy field battery 
 Royal Artillery ; detachments Bengal and Punjaub Sappers and Miners ; 
 H.M.'s 9th Lancers; detachments 1st, 2nd, and 5th Punjaiib Cavalry 
 and Hodson's Horse ; H.M.'s 8th, 53rd, 75th, and 93rd Regiments of 
 Lifantry ; 2nd and 4th Punjaub Infantry. Probable total — 700 
 cavahy, 2,700 infantry. 
 
 The advance guard was attacked by two guns and a body of about 
 2,000 infantry. After a smart skirmish, the guns were taken, Lieut. 
 Gough, commanding Hodson's Irregidar Horse, having distinguished 
 himself very much in a brilliant charge, by which this object was 
 effected. 
 
 The camp was pitched on that evening at Ahimbagh. This place I 
 found to be annoyed to a certain extent by guns placed in different 
 positions in the neighbourhood. 
 
 I caused the post to be cleared of lumber and cattle, and placed all 
 my tents in it. 
 
 I made my arrangements for marching without baggage when I 
 should reach the park of Dilkoosha, and the men were directed to have 
 three days' food in their haversacks. I changed the garrison at Alum- 
 bagh, taking fresh men from it, and leaving H.M.'s 75th Regiment 
 there, which had been so much harassed by its late exertions. 
 
 On the 14th I expected a further reinforcement of 600 or 700 men, 
 who joined my rear-guard, after my march had commenced, in the 
 morning of that day. 
 
 As I approached the park of Dilkoosha, the leading troops were met 
 by a long line of musketry fire. 
 
 The advance guard was quickly reinforced by a field battery and 
 more infantry, composed of companies of H.M.'s 5th, 64th, and 78th 
 Foot, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Hamilton, H.M.'s 
 78th Highlanders, supported by the 8th Foot. After a running fight 
 of about two hours, in which our loss was very inconsiderable, the 
 enemy was driven down the hill to the Martiniere, across the garden 
 and park of the Martiniere, and far beyond the canal. 
 
 His loss was trifling, ovdng to the suddenness of the retreat. 
 
 The Dilkoosha and Martiniere were both occupied. Brigadier Hope's 
 brigade being then brought up and arranged in position in the wood of 
 the Martiniere, at the end opposite the canal, being flanked to the left 
 by Capt. Bourchier's field battery and two of Capt. Peel's heavy guns. 
 
85 
 
 Shortly after these arrangements had been made, the enemy drew out 
 a good many people, and attacked our position in front. 
 
 He was quickly driven off, some of our troops crossing the canal in 
 pursuit. 
 
 On this occasion the 53rd, 93rd, and a body of the 4th Punjaub 
 Sikhs, distinguished themselves. Two very promising young officers 
 lost their hves : Lieutenant Mayne, Bengal Horse Ai-tillery, Quarter- 
 master-General's Department ; and Captain Wheatcroft, Carabineers, 
 doing duty with H.M.'s 9th Lancers. 
 
 All the troops behaved very well. 
 
 With the exception of my tents, all my heavy baggage, including 
 provisions for fourteen days for my own force and that in Lucknow, 
 accompanied me on my march across the coimtry to Dilkoosha, covered 
 by a strong rear-guard, under Lieutenant-Colonel Ewart, of H.M.'s 
 93rd Highlanders. This officer distinguished himself very much in 
 this difficult command, his artillery, under Captain Blunt, Bengal 
 Horse Artillery, assisted by the Koyal Artillery, under Colonel Craw- 
 ford, R.A., having been in action for the greater part of the day. The 
 rear-guard did not close up to the column until late next day, the 
 enemy having hung on it until dark on the 14th. 
 
 Every description of baggage having been left at Dilkoosha, which 
 was occupied by H.M.'s 8th Eegiment, I advanced direct on Secun- 
 derbagh early on the IGth. 
 
 This place is a high-walled enclosure of strong masonry, of 120 
 yards square, and was carefully loopholed all round. It was held very 
 strongly by the enemy. Opposite to it was a village, at a distance of 
 100 yards, which was also loopholed and filled -with men. 
 
 On the head of the column advancing up the lane to the left of the 
 Secunderbagh, fire was opened on us. The infantry of the advance 
 guai d was quickly thrown into skirmishing order to Hue a bank to the 
 right. 
 
 The guns were pushed rapidly onwards, viz., Captain Blunt's troop 
 Bengal Horse Artillery, and Captain Travers's Royal Aitillery heavy 
 field battery. 
 
 The troop passed at a gallop through a cross fire from the village 
 and Secunderbagh, and opened fire within easy musketry range in a 
 most daring manner. 
 
 As soon as they could be pushed up a stiff bank, two eighteen- 
 pounder guns, under Captain Travers, were also brought to bear on 
 the building. 
 
 Whilst this was being effected, the leading brigade of infantry, under 
 Brigadier the Honourable Adrian Hope, coming rapidly into action, 
 caused the loopholed village to be abandoned, the whole fire of the 
 brigade being then directed on the Secunderbagh. 
 
 Aftrr a time a large body of the enemy who were holding ground to 
 the left of our advance, were driven by parties of the 53rd and 93rd, 
 two of Captain Blunt's guns aiding the movement. 
 
 The Highlanders pursued their advantage, and seized the barracks, 
 and immediately converted it into a military post, the 53rd stretching 
 in a long line of skirmishers in the open plain, and driving the enemy 
 before them. 
 
86 
 
 The attack on the Secunderbagh had now been proceeding for about 
 an hour and a half, when it was determined to take the place by storm, 
 through a small opening which had been made. This was done in the 
 most brilliant manner by the remainder of the Highlanders, and the 
 53rd and the 4 th Punjaub Infantry, supported by a battalion of detach- 
 ments under Major Barnston. 
 
 There never was a bolder feat of arms, and the loss inflicted on the 
 enemy after the entranoe of the Secunderbagh was effected was 
 immense ; more than 2,000 of the enemy were afterwards carried 
 out. 
 
 The officers who led these regiments were Lieutenant-Colonel Leith 
 Hay, H.M.'s 83rd Highlanders ; Lieutenant-Colonel Gordon, H.M.'s 
 93rd Highlanders; Captain Walton, H.M.'s 53rd Foot; Lieutenant 
 Paul, 4th Punjaub Infantry (since dead) ; and Major Barnston, 
 H.M.'s 90th Foot. 
 
 Captain Peel's royal naval siege train then went to the front, and 
 advanced towards the Shah Nujjeef, together with the field battery and 
 some mortars, the village to the left having been cleared by Brigadier 
 Hope and Lieutenant- Colonel Gordon. 
 
 The Shah Nujjeef is a domed mosque, with a garden, of which the 
 most had been made by the enemy. The wall of the enclosure of the 
 mosque was loopholed with great care. The entrance to it had been 
 covered by a regular work in masonry, and the top of the building 
 was crowned with a parapet. From this and from the defences in the 
 garden an unceasing fire of musketry was kept up from the commence- 
 ment of the attack. 
 
 This position was defended with great resolution against a heavy 
 cannonade of three hours. It was then stormed in the boldest manner 
 by the 93rd Highlanders, under Brigadier Hope, supported by a bat- 
 talion of detachments under Major Barnston, who was, I regret to say, 
 severely woimded. Captain Peel leading up his heavy guns with extra- 
 ordinary gallantry within a few yards of the biiilding to batter the 
 massive stone walls. The withering fire of the Highlanders effectually 
 covered the naval brigade from great loss, but it was an action almost 
 unexampled in war. Captain Peel behaved very much as if he had 
 been laying the Shannon alongside an enemy's frigate. 
 
 This brought the day's operations to a close. 
 
 On the next day communications were opened* to the left rear of the 
 barracks to the canal, after overcoming considerable difficulty. Captain 
 Peel kept up a steady cannonade on the building called the mess- 
 house. This building, of considerable size, was defended by a ditch of 
 about twelve feet bi'oad, and scarped with masonry, and beyond that a 
 loopholed mud wall. I determined to use the guns as much as 
 possible in taking it. 
 
 About 3 P.M., when it was considered that men might be sent to 
 storm it without much risk, it was taken by a company of the 90th 
 Foot, under Captain Wolseley, and a picquet of H.M.'s 53rd, under 
 Captain Hopkins, supported by Major Barnston's battalion of detach- 
 ments, under Captain Guise, H.M.'s 90th Foot, and some of the 
 Punjaub Infantry, under Lieutenant Powlett. The mess-house was 
 carried immediately with a rush. 
 
87 
 
 The troops then pressed forward with great vigour, and lined the 
 wall separating the mess-house from the Motee Mahal, which consists 
 of a wide enclosure and many buildings. The enemy here made a last 
 stand, which was overcome after an hour, openings having been 
 broken in the wall, through which the troops poured with a body of 
 sappers, and accomphshed our communications with the Residency. 
 
 I had the inexpressible satisfaction shortly afterwards of greeting 
 Sir James Outram and Sir Henry Havelock, who came out to meet me 
 before the action was at an end. 
 
 The relief of the besieged garrison had been accomplished. 
 
 The troops, including all ranks of oiEcers and men, had worked 
 strenuously, and persevered boldly in following up the advantages 
 gained in the various attacks. Every man in the force had exerted 
 himself to the utmost, and now met with his reward. 
 
 It should not be forgotten that these exertions did not date merely 
 from the day that I joined the camp, the various bodies of which the 
 relieving force was composed having made the longest forced marches 
 from various directions to enable the Government of India to save the 
 garrison of Lucknow; some from Agra, some from Allahabad, all had 
 ahke undergone the same fatigues in pressing forward for the attain- 
 ment of this great object. Of their conduct in the field of battle, the 
 facts narrated in this despatch are sufficient evidence, which I will not 
 weaken by any eulogy of mine. 
 
 I desire now to direct the attention of your Lordship to the merits of 
 the officers who have served under my orders on this occasion. 
 
 I cannot convey to yovu- Lordship in adequate terms my deep sense 
 of the obligations I am under to Major-General Mansfield, Chief of the 
 Staff, for the very able and cordial assistance he has afforded me and 
 the service diu-ing these operations, and how admirably the very many 
 and important duties belonging to his situation have been performed — 
 for which his high talents and experience of service in this coimtry so 
 peculiarly fit him. 
 
 I have also to express my very particular acknowledgments to 
 Brigadier- General Hope Grant, C.B., who was in immediate command 
 of the division by which this service was effected. His activity in 
 carrying out the details has been admirable, and his vigilance m super- 
 intending the outpost duties has been unsurpassed. 
 
 My thanks are peculiarly due to Brigadier the Hon. Adrian Hope, 
 who commanded the advance of the force ; as also to Captain Peel, C.B., 
 of the Royal Navy, who has distinguished himself in a most marked 
 manner, 
 
 I desire to brmg to the favourable notice of your Lordship the officers 
 commanding brigades and regiments, and those who have been in the 
 performance of staff duties, or who have been marked out by briga- 
 diers : — 
 
 Brigadier Cra-wford, Royal Artillery, commanding the Artillery; 
 Brigadier Little, commanding the Cavalry ; Brigadier Grcathed, com- 
 manding 3rd Infantry Brigade ; Brigadier Russell, commanding 5th 
 Infantry Brigade (severely wounded) ; Lieut. Lennox, Royal Engi- 
 neers, acting cliief engineer ; Lieut. Vaughan, Royal Navy, and Capt. 
 Maxwell, Bengal Artillery, attached to the Naval Brigade ; Major 
 
88 
 
 Turner, commanding the Bengal Artillery (to this officer my most 
 particular acknowledgments are due ; he has few equals as an artillery 
 officer) ; Captain Travers, commanding Eoyal Artillery ; Captains 
 Eemmington and Blunt, commanding troops of Bengal Horse Artillery ; 
 Captains Middleton, Eoyal Artillery, and Bourchier, Bengal Artillery, 
 commanding horse field batteries ; and Captain Longden, Eoyal Artil- 
 lery, conmianding the mortar battery. 
 
 It is impossible to draw a distinction between any of these officers. 
 They all distinguished themselves, under very arduous circumstances ; 
 and it was highly agreeable to me to be present on this first occasion 
 when the Bengal and Eoyal Artillery were brought into action together 
 under my own eyes. I wish also to mention Lieut. Walker, Bengal 
 Artillery, in command of a demi-field battery ; Lieuts. Ford and 
 Brown, who successively took up the command of the heavy field 
 battery of Eoyal Artillery, under Captain Hardy, on the death of that 
 lamented officer; and Lieut. Bridge, v/ho commanded two guns of the 
 Madras Horse Artillery with great ability. I have further to bring to 
 your Lordship's notice Lieut. Scott, Madras Engineers, who com- 
 manded the Sappers and Miners. 
 
 I would also bring to favourable notice the foUo^ving officers in com- 
 mand of corps or detachments: — Major Ouvry, H. M.'s 9th Lancers; 
 Major Eobertson, military train ; Captain Hinde, H. M.'s 8th Eegi- 
 "^ent; Lieutenant-Colonel Wells, 23rd FvTsiliers ; Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Gordon, 93rd Highlanders, in temporary command of H. M.'s 53rd 
 Eegiment ; Lieutenant- Colonel Hale, H. M.'s 82nd Eegiment ; Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel Leith Hay, 93rd Highlanders; Lieutenant -Colonel 
 Hamilton, 78th Highlanders, commanding 1st battalion of detachments ; 
 Major Barnston, H. M.'s 90th Eegiment, commanding 2nd battalion of 
 detachments (dangerously wounded) ; and Captain Guise, H. M.'s 90th 
 Eeo-iment, who succeeded Major Barnston in his command. 
 
 Lieutenants Watson, Probyn, Younghusband, and Gough, respec- 
 tively commanding detachments of the 1st, 2nd, and 5th Punjaub 
 Cavalry, and Hodson's Horse ; Captain Green, commanding 2nd Punjaub 
 Infantry ; Lieutenant Willoughby, who succeeded to the command of 
 the 4th Punjaub Infantry on his three seniors in the corps being 
 severely wounded ; Lieutenant Eyves, who commanded the 4th Punjaub 
 Infantry fi-om the evening of the 16th; Major Milman, 5th Fusiliers, 
 and Lieutenant-Colonel Mclntyre, 78th Highlanders, in command of 
 detachments employed in the advance on Dilkoosha and the Martiniere ; 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Ewart, 93rd Highlanders, who commanded at the 
 barracks ; Captains Dawson, 93rd Highlanders, Eolleston, H. M.'s 84th 
 Eegiment, and Hopkins, 53rd Eegiment, and Lieutenants Fisher and 
 Powlett, 2nd Punjaub Infantry, who commanded separate detachments 
 or posts, and whose services have for the most part been noted in the 
 body of the despatch. 
 
 It remains for me to express my high sense of the services per- 
 formed by the Assistant Adjutant-General of the Army, Captain 
 Norman, who on this, as on every other occasion, highly distinguished 
 himself. 
 
 I have further to express my warm thanks to all the officers serv- 
 ing on the general and personal staff of myself and Major-General 
 
89 
 
 Mansfield, as named below, but especially to Colonel Berkeley, 
 II. M.'s 32nd Kegiment, who attended tlie Chief of the Staff in 
 the field, and who displayed remarkable activity and intelligence; to 
 Major Alison, Military Secretary (who unfortunately lost his arm); to 
 Captain Sir David Baird, Bart., my first aide-de-camp; and to Lieutenant 
 Hope Johnstone, Deputy Assistant-Adjutant-General to the Chief of 
 the Staff. 
 
 The remaining officers of this Staff were Lieutenant G. Algood, 
 deputy assistant-quartermaster-general ; Captains Maycock and Carey, 
 officiating deputy assistant-quartermaster-generals ; Captain Rud- 
 man, acting assistant-adjutant-general of her Majesty's Forces ; 
 Captain Hatch, deputy judge-advocate-general ; Captains Alison 
 and Foster, my aides-de-camp ; Captain Metcalfe, interpreter ; and 
 Lieutenant Murray, aide-de-camp to the Chief of the Staff. 
 
 Mr. Cavenagh, of the Uncoveuanted Civil Service, who came out from 
 Lucknow in disguise to afford me information at the imminent risk of 
 his life, has won my most especial thanks, and I recommend him most 
 cordially to the notice of your Lordship. 
 
 Lord Seymour was present throughout these operations, and displayed 
 a daring gallantry at a most critical moment. 
 
 I concur most fully in the commendations that have been bestowed 
 by General Grant and officers commanding staffs on their respective 
 staffs as named below, but I would especially draw attention to the 
 services of Captain Cox, H. M.'s 75th Regiment, brigade major of the 
 4th Brigade, and Lieutenant Roberts, Bengal Artillery, deputy assistant- 
 quartermaster-general ; Captain W. Hamilton, H. M.'s 8th Lancers, 
 deputy assistant-adjutant-general ; Captain the Hon. A. H. Anson, 
 H. M.'s 84th Regiment, aide-de-camp; and Lieutenant Salmond, 7th 
 Light Cavahy, acting aide-de-camp to Brigadier-General Grant ; 
 Captain H. Hammond, Bengal Artillery, brigade major of Artillery 
 (severely wounded); Captain H. Le G. Bruce, Bengal Artillery, who 
 succeeded Captain Hammond; Brevet-Major W. Barry, and Lieutenant 
 A. Bunny, staff officers of Royal and Bengal Artillery, respectively; 
 Lieutenant G. E. Watson, Bengal Engineers, brigade nuijor of Engi- 
 neers; Captain H. A. Sarel, 27th Lancers, brigade major of Cavalry; 
 and Captains Bannatyne, H. M.'s 8th Foot, and Lightfoot, 84th Foot, 
 brigade majors of the 3rd and 5th Brigade; also Lieutenant Stewart, 
 Bengal Engineers, superintendent of the electric telegraph, who 
 accompanied the force, and made himself particularly useful through- 
 out. 
 
 I must not omit to name in the most marked manner Subadar Gokul 
 Singh, 4th Pimjaub Rifles, who, in conjunction with the British officers, 
 led the 4th Punjaub Rifles at the storming of Secunderabagh in the 
 most daring manner. 
 
 Captain A. D. Dickens, deputy assistant-commissary-general, and 
 Lieutenant W. Tod Brown, deputy commissary of ordnance, have both 
 distinguished themselves exceedingly in carrying on the intricate duties 
 of their departments -with very scanty establishments to meet the great 
 demands upon them. 
 
 Brigadier-General Grant has made favourable mention of Surgeon 
 J. C. Brown, M.D., Bengal Horse Artillery, whose great exertions 
 
90 
 
 have been deserving of all praise. He has since become superintending 
 surgeon of the force. 
 
 The number of officers mentioned in this despatch may appear large, 
 but the force employed was composed of many detachments, and the 
 particular service was calculated to draw forth the individual qualities 
 of the officers engaged. 
 
 Annexed is a return of casualties; and a hst of officers, non-com- 
 missioned officers, and soldiers who have been brought to my notice as 
 having particularly distinguished themselves, will be separately for- 
 warded. 
 
 I have the houoiu- to be, my Lord, your Lordship's most obedient 
 humble servant, 
 
 (Signed) C. Campbell, General^ Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 List of Officers killed. 
 
 General Staff. — Lieutenant-Colonel G. Biddulph, head of intelligence 
 departmen!; ; Lieutenant A. 0. Mayne, deputy assistant-quartermaster- 
 general. 
 
 Naval Brigade. — Midshipman M. A. Daniel. 
 
 Artillery Brigade. — Captain W. N. Hardy, Royal Artillery. 
 
 Cavalrij Brigade. — Captain G. Wlieatcroft, 6th Dragoon Guards, 
 doing duty with INIilitary Train. 
 
 Zrd Infantry Brigade. — Lieutenant T. Frankland, 2nd Punjaub 
 Infantry. 
 
 Mh Infantry Brigade. — Captain J. Dalzell, H. M.'s 93rd Highlanders; 
 Captain J. T. Lumsden, 30th Native Infantry, interpreter to H. M.'s 
 93rd Highlanders ; Lieutenant Dobbs, 1st Madras Fusihers. 
 
 bth Infantry Brigade.— Ensign W. T. Thompson, H. M.'s 82nd 
 Regiment. 
 
 List of Officers wounded. 
 
 Staff. — General Sir C. Campbell, G.C.B., commander-in-chief, slightly; 
 Brigadier D. RusseU, commanding 5th Brigade, severely; Major A. 
 Alison, mihtary secretary, severely ; Captam F. M. Alison, A. D. C. to 
 Commander-in-Chief, slightly; Captain the Hon. A. Anson, A. D. C. 
 to General Grant, C.B., slightly; Lieut. C. J. Sahnond, orderly officer 
 to General Grant, slightly. 
 
 Naval Brigade. — Captain J. C. Gray, Royal Marines, shghtly ; 
 Lieutenant M. Salmon, Royal Navy, severely ; Midshipman Lord A. P. 
 Clinton, Royal Navy, slightly. 
 
 Artillery Brigade. — Major F. F. Penny cuick, Royal Artillery, shghtly ; 
 Captain H. Hammond, Bengal Artillery, severely ; Captain F. Travers, 
 Royal Artillery, slightly ; Lieutenant W. G. Milman, Royal Artillery, 
 shghtly; Lieutenant A. Ford, Royal Artillery, slightly; Assistant- 
 Surgeon H. R. Veale, Royal Ai'tillery, severely. 
 
 Cavalry Brigade. — Lieutenant R. Halkett, Hodson's Horse, severely. 
 
 3?yZ Infantry Brigade. — Ensign J. Watson, 2nd Pimjaub Infantry, 
 dangerously. 
 
 4i/i Infantry Brigade. — Captain B. Walton, H. M.'s 53rd Regiment, 
 severely ; Lieutenant A. K. Munro, H. M.'s 53rd Regiment, dangerously; 
 Lieutenant T. C. Ffrench, H. M.'s 53rd Regiment, slightly; Major R. 
 
91 
 
 Barnston, H. M.'s OOtli Regiment, dangerously ; Lieutenant F. C. 
 Wynne, H. M.'s 90th Regiment, severely ; Ensign H. Powell, II. M.'s 
 90tli Regiment, severely ; Lieutenant-Colonel J. A. Ewart, PI. M.'s 
 93rd Highlanders, slightly ; Captain F. W. Burroughs, H. M.'s 93rd 
 Highlanders, sHghtly ; Lieutenant R. A. Cooper, H. M.'s 93rd High- 
 landers, severely ; Lieutenant E. Welch, H. M.'s 93rd Highlanders, 
 severely; O. Goldsmith, H. M.'s 93rd Highlanders, severely; Lieu- 
 tenant S. E. Wood, H. M.'s 93rd Highlanders, severely ; Ensign F, R. 
 McNamara, H. M.'s 93rd Highlanders, slightly ; Lieutenant W. Paul, 
 4th Prmjaub Infantry, dangerously (since dead) ; Lieutenant J. W. 
 IMcQueen, 4th Punjaub Infantry, severely ; Lieutenant F. F. Oldfield, 
 4th Punjaub Infantry, dangeiously (since dead). 
 
 bth Infantry Brigade — Lieutenant H. Henderson, H. M.'s 23rd 
 Fusiliers, slightly ; Lieutenant- Colonel C. B. Hale, H. M.'s 82nd Regi- 
 ment, slightly. 
 
 (Signed) H. W. Norman, Captain, 
 
 Assistant Adjutant- General of the Army. 
 
 Head Quarters, Camp Alinnhagh, 25th November, 1857. 
 
 My Lord, — In continuation of my report of the 18th, I have the honour 
 to apprise your Lordship that the left rear of my position was finally 
 seciu-ed on the night of the 17 th instant by the building called Banks' 
 House having been seized by a party of the 2nd Punjaub Infantry 
 (Sikhs) specially employed for that purpose. Brigadier Russell and 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Hale distinguished themselves much in completing 
 the chain of posts on the 17th and 18th in that direction, the enemy 
 having been very vigilant on that point, and kept up an iinceasing fire 
 on all the buildings occupied by Brigadier Russell, and on the barrack 
 occupied by 300 of the Highlanders under Lieutenant-Colonel Ewart. 
 
 Brigadier Russell having been unfortunately severely woimded on 
 the afternoon of the 18th December, I placed the lamented Colonel 
 Biddidph in command of his line of posts. He was killed almost 
 immediately afterwards when making his dispositions for the attack of 
 the hospital. 
 
 Captain Bourchier, of the Bengal Artillary, distinguished himself 
 by the intelligent and able support he aiForded Lieutenant-Colonel Hale, 
 H. M.'s 82nd Foot, on that officer succeeding Colonel Biddulph. 
 
 These very difficult and tedious operations, conducted as they were 
 under a most galling fire in cramped suburbs, reflect much credit on 
 all the officers and men concerned, and secured the position. 
 
 The same afternoon, the enemy made a smart attempt on the picquets 
 covering the centre of the line. 
 
 I supported them with a company of H. M.'s 23rd and another of 
 H. M.'s 53rd Foot, not having any more infantry at my disposal. 
 
 Captain Remmington's troop of Horse Artilleiy Avas brought up and 
 dashed right into the jungle with the leading skirmishers, and opened 
 fire with extraordinary rapidity and precision. 
 
 Captain Remmington distinguished himself very much. 
 
 I superintended this affair myself, and I have particular pleasure in 
 drawing yoiu' Lordship's attention to the conduct of this troop on this 
 
92 
 
 occasion as an instance of the never-failing readiness and quickness 
 of the Horse Artillery of the Bengal Service. 
 
 Diu'ing the next three days I continued to hold the whole of the 
 country from the Dilkoosha to the gates of the Residency ; the left 
 flank having been secured in the manner above mentioned, with a view 
 to extricating the garrison, without exposing it to the chance of even 
 a stray musket-shot. 
 
 From the first all the arrangements have been conducted towards 
 this end. The whole of the force under my immediate command 
 being one outlying picqiiet, every man remained on duty, and was 
 constantly subject to annoyance from the enemy's fire ; but such was 
 the vigilance and intelUgence of the force, and so heartily did all ranks 
 co-operate to support me, that I was enabled to conduct this affair to 
 a happy issue, exactly in the manner originally proposed. 
 
 Ujjon the 20th, fire was opened on the Kaiserbagh, which gradually 
 increased in importance till it assumed the character of regular breach- 
 ing and bombardment. 
 
 The Kaiserbagh was breached in three places by Captain Peel, R.N., 
 and I have been told that the enemy suffered much loss Avithin its 
 precincts. Having thus led the enemy to believe that immediate 
 assault was contemplated, orders were issued for the retreat of the 
 garrison through the lines of ova- picquets at midnight on the 22nd. 
 
 The ladies and famihes, the woimded, the treasure, the guns, it was 
 thought worth while to keep ; the ordnance store, the grain still pos- 
 sessed by the commissariat of the garrison, and the State prisoners, 
 had all been previously removed. 
 
 Sir James Outram had received orders to burst the guns which it 
 was thought undesii-able to take away, and he was finally directed 
 silently to evacuate the Residency of Lucknow at the hoiu* indicated. 
 
 The dispositions to cover their retreat and to resist the enemy, shoidd 
 he j)ursue, were ably carried out by Brigadier Hon. Adi-ian Hope ; 
 but I am happy to say the enemy was completely deceived, and he did 
 not attempt to follow. On the contrary, he began firing on our old 
 positions many hours after we had left them. The movement of retreat 
 was admirably executed, and was a perfect lesson in such couibinatious. 
 
 Each exterior line came gradually retiring through its supports till 
 at length nothing remained but the last line of infantry and guns with 
 which I was myself to crush the enemy if he had dared to follow up 
 the picquets. 
 
 The only line of retreat lay through a long and tortuous lane, and 
 all these precautions were absolutely necessary to insure the safety 
 of the force. 
 
 The extreme posts on the left under Lieutenant- Colonel Hale, of 
 H. M.'s 82nd Regiment, Lieutenant- Colonel Wells, of H. M.'s 23rd 
 Foot, and Lieutenant-Colonel Ewart, of H. M.'s 93rd Highlanders, 
 made their way by a road which had been explored for them after I 
 considered the line had arrived, with due regard to the security of the 
 whole that their posts should be evacuated. 
 
 It was my endeavour that nothing should be left to chance ; and the 
 conduct of the officers in exactly carrying out their instructions was 
 beyond all praise. During all these operations from the 16th instant, 
 
93 
 
 the remnant of Brigadier Greathed's brigade closed in the rear, and 
 now again formed the rear-guard as we retired to Dilkoosha. 
 
 Dilkoosha was reached at four a.m. on the 23rd instant by the Avliole 
 force. I must not forget to mention the exertions of the cavahy during 
 all the operations which have been described. 
 
 The exertions of Brigadier Little and of Major Ouvry, respectively 
 of the Cavalry Brigade and the 9th Lancers, were unceasing in keeping 
 up our long line of commimication and preserving our extreme rear 
 beyond the Dilkoosha, which was constantly threatened. On the 22nd, 
 the enemy attacked at Dilkoosha ; but was speedily driven off imder 
 Brigadier Little's orders. 
 
 The officers commanding the Ii'regular Cavalry — Lieutenants Watson, 
 Younghusband, Probyn, and Gough — as well all the officers of the 9th 
 Lancers, were never out of the saddle during all this time, and well 
 maintained the character they have won throughout the war. 
 
 I moved with General Grant's division to Alumbagh on the after- 
 noon of the 24:th, leaving Sir James Outram's division in position at 
 Diskoosha, to prevent molestation of the immense convoy of the 
 women and wounded, which it was necessary to transport with us. 
 Sir James Outram closed up this day without annoyance from the 
 enemy. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 C. Campbell, General^ Commander in Chief. 
 
 LIST OF OFFICERS KILLED AND WOUNDED. 
 Killed. 
 4<A Brigade — Lieutenant Benjamin Sandwith, H. M.'s 84th Regiment. 
 
 Wounded. 
 Artillery — Lieut. H. E. Harington, Bengal Artillery, severely. 
 
 General Order by His Excellency the 
 Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Head-quarters, La Martiniere, Lucknow, 
 22>rd Nov., 1857. 
 The Commander-in-Chief has reason to be thankful 
 to the force he conducted for the relief of the garrison 
 of Lucknow. 
 
 Hastily assembled, fatigued by forced marches, but 
 animated by a common feeling of determination to ac- 
 complish the duty before them, all ranks of this force 
 
94 
 
 have compensated for their small number, in the execu- 
 tion of a most difficult duty, by unceasing exertions. 
 
 From the morning of the l6th, till last night, the 
 whole force has been one outlying picquet never out of 
 fire, and covering an immense extent of ground, to permit 
 the garrison to retire scathless and in safety, covered 
 by the whole of the relieving force. 
 
 That ground was won by fighting as hard as it ever 
 fell to the lot of the Commander-in-Chief to witness, 
 it being necessary to bring up the same men over and 
 over again to fresh attacks ; and it is with the greatest 
 gratification his Excellency declares that he never saw 
 men behave better. 
 
 The storming of Secundra Bagh and Shah Nujeef 
 has never been surpassed in daring, and the success of it 
 was most brilliant and complete. 
 
 The movement of retreat of last night, by which 
 the final rescue of the garrison was effected, was a model 
 of discipline and exactness. The consequence was, that 
 the enemy was completely deceived, and the force retired 
 by a narrow tortuous lane, the only line of retreat open, 
 in the face of 50,000 enemies, without molestation. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief offers his sincere thanks 
 to Major-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., for the 
 happy manner in which he planned and carried out his 
 arrangements for the evacuation of the Residency of 
 Lucknow. 
 
 By Order of his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, 
 
 W. Mayhev/, Major, 
 
 Deputy Adjutant-General of the Army. 
 
 [The subjoined despatches describe the preparations Sir James 
 Outram had made to enable him to co-operate with Sir Colin 
 Campbell, and the series of movements by which this active 
 co-operation was afforded.] 
 
95 
 
 Major- General H. Havelock, Commanding Oude Field 
 Foi'ce, to Colonel R. Napier, Chief of the Staff, 
 SfC.f to Major-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B. 
 
 Lucknow, IGth November^ 1857. 
 
 I beg to report, for the information of Major-General Sir James 
 Outram, G.C.B., the complete success of the operations in which the 
 troops of my division were employed under his own eye this evening, 
 in capturing a succession of houses in advance of the Palace of Pureed 
 Buksh. 
 
 I have given in the margin * the details of detachments employed. 
 
 The nature of the enterprise may be shortly described as follows: — 
 
 The progress of the relieving force under his Excellency the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief was anxiously watched, and it was determined that as 
 soon as he should reach the Sikuuder Bagh, about three miles from the 
 Residency, the outer wall of the advance garden of the palace, in which 
 the enemy had before made several breaches, should be blown in by 
 mines previously prepared ; that two powerful batteries erected in the 
 enclosure should then open on the insurgent defences in front, and after 
 the desired effect had been produced, that the troops shoiild storm two 
 buildings known by the names of the Hern Khana, or Deer-house, and 
 the Steam Engine-house. Under these, also, three mines had been 
 driven. 
 
 It was ascertained, about 11 a.m., that Sir Colin Campbell was 
 operating against the Sikunder Bagh. The explosion of the mines in 
 the garden was therefore ordered. Their action was, however, com- 
 paratively feeble, so the batteries had the double task of completing the 
 demolition of the wall, and prostrating and breaching the works and 
 the buildings beyond it. Brigadier Eyre commanded in the left battery ; 
 Captain Olpherts in the right ; Captain Maude shelled from six mortars 
 in a more retired quadrangle of the palace. The troops were formed 
 in the square of the Chuttur Munzil, and brought up in succession 
 through the approaches, which in every direction intersected the 
 advance garden. At a quarter- past three two of the mines at the Hern 
 Khana exploded with good effect. At half-past three the advance 
 sounded. It is impossible to describe the enthusiasm with which this 
 signal was received by the troops. Pent up in inaction for upwards of 
 six weeks, and subjected to constant attacks, they felt that the hour of 
 retribution and glorious exertion had returned. 
 
 Their cheers echoed through the courts of the palace, responsive to 
 the bugle soimd, and on they rushed to assured victory. The enemy 
 could nowhere withstand them. In a few minutes the whole of the 
 buildings were in our possession, and have since been armed with 
 
 * 5th Fusiliers, 160, under Lieutenant Meara ; 64th Regiment, 48, Captain 
 Shute; 84th Regiment, 160, Captain Wills; 78th Regiment, 142, Captain Lock- 
 hart ; 90th Light Infantry, 181, Lieut.-Colonel Purnell ; Regiment of Feroze- 
 pore, 100, Lieutenant Cross. Reserve, 200 from 5th Fusiliers, 78th Highlanders, 
 and Regiment of Ferozepore. Each column being accompanied by a party of 
 Miners with tools and powder bags, under command of an Engineer oflBcer. 
 
96 
 
 cannon, and held against all attack. It mil be seen by the enclosed 
 return that the loss has been small. 
 
 I received throughout the opei'ations the most effective aid from my 
 Staff — Lieutenant Hudson, acting deputy-assistant adjutant-general; 
 Lieutenant !Moorsom, 52nd Light Infantry, acting deputy-assistant 
 quartermaster-general; Lieutenant Hargood, 1st Madras Fusiliers, my 
 aide-de-camp; and Lieutenant C. W. Havelock, 12tli Irregular Cavalry, 
 my orderly officer. 
 
 The officers of Ai'tillery — Brigadier Eyre, and Captains Olpherts 
 and Maude — have earned my best thanks. 
 
 I must commend all the officers in charge of detachments ; but most 
 prominently Lieutenant-Colonel Purnell, 90th Light Infantry, whose 
 conduct throughout the affair evinced the most distinguished gallantry, 
 united to imperturbable coolness and the soundest judgment; as well 
 as to Lieutenants Russell, Hutchinson, and Limond, of the Engineers, 
 and Captain Oakes (attached), who showed the way to several points of 
 attack. I have, &c., 
 
 H, Havelock, Major-Geneixd, 
 
 Commanding Oude Field Force. 
 
 Major- General H. Havelock, commanding Oude Field 
 Force, to Captain Dodgson, Assistant Adjutant- 
 General. 
 
 L'uchnoio, IQth 'November, 1857. 
 I beg to forward, for submission to Major-General Sir James Outram, 
 G.C.B., the accompanying report of Captain Crommelin, field engineer, 
 with plans, and rejoice in this opportunity of testifying to the merits ot 
 this officer, and his untiring industry when the state of his health has 
 permitted his exertions to be fully developed. 
 I have, &c., 
 
 Henry Havelock, Major-General, 
 Commanding Oude Field Force. 
 
 Captain Crommelin, Chief Engineer, Oude Field Force, 
 to Captain Hudson, Deputy Assistant Adjutant- 
 General, Oude Field Force. 
 
 Camp Aliimbagh, 2oth November, 1857. 
 
 In continuation of my letter, dated 12th inst.,* I have the honour to 
 report, for the information of the Major-General commanding the Oude 
 Field Force, upon the " Final Engineering offensive operations " at the 
 Palace and Gardens of the Chuttur Munzil. 
 
 The Cavalier Battery, alluded to at the conclusion of my pre^'ious 
 report, was completed during the night of the 13th inst., and was 
 armed with the heavy guns on the morning of the 14th, viz., the day 
 
 * This letter is not amongst the published despatches. 
 
97 
 
 originally appointed for the storming of the Hern Khana, Engine-house, 
 and King's Stables. 
 
 During the niglit of the 13th, 29 charges of powder («ach 25 lbs. in 
 weight,) were laid in chambers that had been previously prepared for 
 them under the foundation of the east face of the advance garden 
 wall, and immediately in front of the CavaHer Battery. These charges 
 were intended for the demolition of that part of the wall tliat screened 
 the engine-hoiise, stables, and the other adjacent buildings that were to 
 be breached from the guns of the battery. I would here remind you 
 that our attack Avas postponed from the morning of the 14th to that of 
 the 1 6th. The charges of powder were thus exposed, in common 
 canvas bags, for more than forty -eight hours, to the damaging influence 
 of a very damp, sandy soil ; so that when they were exploded, their 
 effect, owing to the deterioration of the powder, was only sufficient to 
 shake and split the wall in several places, and to form a small breach. 
 The wall, however, was so much injured that the artillery had an easy 
 task in battering doAvn as much as was necessary. The charges, I may 
 mention, were half as large again as those recommended by Sir W. 
 Pasley (our best practical authority on this as well as most other points 
 of engineering detail), and were such as had been successfully used by 
 myself at Peshawur in a precisely similar case. 
 
 During the night of the 12th and 13th the trench (c?, d) was widened 
 for the passage of guns ; screens were also constructed in the advanced 
 garden ; and other precautionary measures taken to protect our force 
 against any musketry fire that might be poured in through the 
 breaches in our own wall. 
 
 During the 15th, the thi-ee mines that had been prepared for the 
 formation of breaches in the Hern Khana were loaded and tamped. 
 These mines were sprung on the afternoon of the 16tli. That at the 
 north-west corner of the building effected the breach by which the 
 right and centre columns of attack entered. Lieutenant Hall, in his 
 report, erroneously states that this breach was made by the 18-pounder 
 gun at the barricade. 
 
 The centre mine failed to explode, owing, I imagine, to some wet sand 
 having been dislodged from the roof of the mine by the concussion of our 
 artillery, and having fallen upon the powder-house. 
 
 The left charge, which was the largest, exploded; but it proved to be 
 ten feet short of the building, and consequently effected no breach or 
 injury. This error in the position of the charge is not to be wondered 
 at, when it is considered — 1st, that we could not, by the most careful 
 sui'vey, satisfy ourselves as to the exact position of the Hern Khana; 
 and, 2nd, that we could not survey the mine itself with the prismatic 
 compass, as no lights would burn owing to the foulness of the air near 
 the end of a gallery that had been carried to the (I believe) unprece- 
 dented length of 289 feet without the aid of air-pipes. 
 
 On the morning of the 16th, everything was ready for the attack 
 upon the Hern Ivhana, engine-house, and stables. Copies of instruc- 
 tions, the details of which had been prepared by myself, from memo- 
 randa drawn out by Colonel Napier (chief of the staff), were handed 
 over to each of the five ofhcers commanding the storming parties, and to 
 the engineer officers accompanying them; and these instructions were 
 
 7 
 
98 
 
 further explained, by the aid of plans, to several of the commanding 
 officers. 
 
 For an account of the operations of the storming parties, I must refer 
 to the enclosed reports (in original) of Lieutenants Hutchinson, Russell, 
 Limond, and Hall, with the remark that the duties of the officers under 
 my command appear to me to have been rapidly and efficiently carried 
 out. 
 
 I must also refer to a separate report by Lieutenant Hutchinson, 
 directing engineer, upon the engineering operations, from the 16th of 
 November to the hour of our evacuation of the Bailey Guard Entrench- 
 ment and Chuttur Munzil Palace — confinement to my quarters owing to 
 an injury of the leg having prevented my superintending them per- 
 sonally. 
 
 It now remains for me to bring to the favourable notice of the Major- 
 General commanding, those officers and men of the Engineer Depart- 
 ment who have rendered good service ; and in the first place, I trust it 
 may not be considered out of order, that I here thankfully record my 
 acknowledgment of the assistance that has always been afforded me by 
 my experienced brother officer, Colonel Napier, military secretary and 
 chief of the staff to Major-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., who not- 
 withstanding the pressure of his other important duties, was ever ready 
 to aid me with his valuable counsel and advice, to meet my constant 
 demands for workmen and materials, and to superintend and direct the 
 works during the last month of our operations, when I was disabled from 
 personally superintending them myself. 
 
 Lieutenant G. Hutchinson, of Engineers, deserves very great credit 
 for the most able manner in which he discharged the duties of directing 
 engineer of the works during the last ten days of our operations. His 
 services, as one of the engineers of the original garrison, will be duly 
 reported by the proper authority. 
 
 Lieutenant Russell, of Engineers, has rendered me very efficient aid 
 as brigade-major of engineers ; his constant and unwearying exertions, 
 both by night and by day, merit my best thanks and the highest praise. 
 
 Lieutenant Limond, the only other engineer officer iinder my com- 
 mand, has also proved himself a very able and energetic officer, and has 
 rendered very excellent service. To him, and to Lieutenant Russell, 
 was entrusted the general supervision of all the works from the time 
 that I was disabled until the appointment of Lieutenant Hutchinson as 
 directing engineer — a period of about three weeks. 
 
 The officers and volunteers who have acted in the capacity of assistant 
 field engineers have, without exception, given me their best and readiest 
 assistance ; but I may with justice more conspicuously notice the names 
 of Captain Oakes, 8th N. I.; Lieutenant Hall, 1st Bengal Fusiliers; 
 Mr. Goldsworthy, Volunteer Cavalry ; and of Mr. Cavanagh, superin- 
 tendent of the chief commissioner's office. 
 
 Sergeants Duffy and Connell, assistant overseers in the Department 
 of Public Works, have proved most useful, and their duties in super- 
 vising workmen and collecting materials, &c.,have been most cheerfully 
 and efficiently performed. 
 
 I cannot close this report, without noticing, in the" most favourable 
 manner, the important services performed by the undermentioned 
 
99 
 
 soldiers as superintendents of miners : — Acting-Sergeant Cullimore, of 
 her Majesty's 32nd Eegiment ; Acting-Sergeant Banetta, of her Majesty's 
 32nd Eegiment; Acting-Sergeant Fan-er, of her Majesty's 32nd Regi- 
 ment; Coporal Dowling; Corporal Hosay, Madras Fusiliers; Private 
 Baylan, of her Majesty's 5th Fusiliers. 
 
 Their duties have been of a very dangerous and arduous character, 
 and have invariably been performed to my complete satisfaction. 
 I have, &c., 
 
 W. A. Cromjielin, Captain, 
 
 Chief Engineer, Oucle Field Force. 
 
 Lieutenant G. Hutchinson, Engi7ieers, Director of 
 Works, to Captain Crommelin, Chief Engineer. 
 
 Lucknow, 21 si Novemher, 1857. 
 
 I have the honour to forward Lieutenant Limond's statement regarding 
 the sortie party he led ; also that of Lieutenant Hall. 
 
 With reference to my own party, I have to state, that starting from 
 the Garden Picquet-house, Captain Shute and myself led the party to 
 foot of stockade, which we scaled, and that then I turned off at once 
 for the house called Captain Orr's, and in unison with Lieutenant Hall 
 and Lieutenant Hay, who accompanied me, commenced carrying out 
 our instructions. Up to this time not a man had been lost. Captain 
 Shute led his men on beyond the Hern Khana, and took a garden and a 
 gun. 
 
 Our mines exploded short ; but the mine from the Garden Picquet 
 decidedly shook and damaged the wall. 
 
 Lieutenant M. Hall, Assistant Field Engineer, to Cap- 
 tain Hutchinson, Directing Engineer. 
 
 Hern Khana, 2\st November, 1857. 
 
 I have the honour to report, for the information of Captain Crommelin, 
 field engineer, that in accordance with his instructions, I accompanied 
 the right column of attack on the Hern Khana, under Captain WiUis, 
 84th Regiment, on the 16th instant. 
 
 Immediately after the explosion of the Barricade Mine, we sallied out 
 and made for the part of the building where it was intended the right 
 breach should have been made. On arriving at the wall of the Hem 
 Khana, Ave found the crater of the mine, about ten feet short of the 
 wall which remain uninjured. We therefore turned to the left, and 
 entered the Hern Khana by the left breach, which had been made by 
 the 18-pounder gun at the barricade at end of lane. 
 
 On getting into the Hern Khana we turned to our right, passed 
 across the open square and immediately commenced loopholing the wall 
 which commands the street dividing our position from the Kaiser Bagh. 
 On your arrival I reported myself to you. 
 
 o 7—2 
 
100 
 
 Lieut. D. Limond, Engineers^ to Captain Crommelin, 
 Chief Engineer, Oude Field Force. 
 
 Lucknow, 2lst November, 1857. 
 
 According to orders, Lieutenant Chalmers, Assistant Field Engineer, 
 and myself, accompanied the detachment of the 90th Light Infantry, on 
 the attack iipon the Engine-house. Keeping to the left on passing that 
 building, we found the rebels evacuating the same, and followed them up 
 to the most advanced building, the Overseer's house, which I at once 
 directed to be barricaded. The enemy opened on it with guns from 
 the Kaiser Bagh, and the house was then abandoned and burnt by 
 Colonel Purnell's orders. The east wall of the Barahduree enclosure 
 was at once loopholed, and the windows to the south blocked up with 
 sand-bags. During the night a battery for three Hght guns was con- 
 structed at the southern extremity of the lane, between the King's 
 stables, and Barahduree enclosure. The doors and windows of the 
 Engine-house facing the river were also barricaded. During the night a 
 trench-covered communication was opened to the advanced garden, 
 none being necessary between the Engine-house and King's stables. 
 
 Lieut. J. Russell, Brigade- Major of Engineers, to 
 Captain Crommelin, Chief Engineer. 
 
 1 have the honor to report that, according to order, Captain Oakes, 
 Assistant Field Engineer, and myself, accompanied the detachment 
 under command of Captain Lockhart, Her Majesty's 78th, on the 16th 
 instant, in the attack upon the Iving's stables. 
 
 The detachment was drawn up in a line in the front trench of the 
 advance garden, and on the order for the advance being given, we 
 crossed the parapet of the trench and the breach in our front and 
 doubled across the open to the Iving's stables, on reaching which some 
 confusion occurred, for the lower part of the breach that had been made 
 by oui' guns was some 4 feet from the ground; and not seeing any easy 
 mode of egress. Captain Lockhart led the way into the enclosure of 
 the steam-engine house on the left, and was followed by many of 
 his men. 
 
 On his mistake being pointed out, however, he returned, and in com- 
 pany we entered the court-yard of the stables, which we found deserted^ 
 The men of the detachment followed us as quickly as they could. 
 
 Our orders were to man the walls of the stables on the side of the 
 enemy; but the latter were retreating fast, pressed by our troops from 
 the Hern Khana, on seeing which many of the detachments to which I 
 was attached rushed across the road without orders and joined in the 
 pursuit. 
 
 At Captain Lockhart's request, I went to recall these men, and on my 
 return I found that he had occupied the Barahduree and other buildings 
 in rear of the King's stables. Measures were immediately adopted for 
 securing our position ; but in a short time the portion of Captain Lock- 
 
101 
 
 hart's detachment was withdrawn, and the post left to the charge of a 
 detachment of Iler IMajesty's 90th, under Colonel Purnell. 
 
 During the night of the 16th, Lieutenant Limond, of Engineers, and 
 myself, constructed a battery fur three guns, which opened fire towards 
 the Kaiser Bagh on the morninar of the 17th. 
 
 [The next despatch by Brigadier Vincent Eyre, C.B., records 
 the services of the Garrison Artillery between September 26th 
 and the date of the Commander-in-Chief's arrival at Lncknow in 
 November, 1857. But as its most interesting passages refer to 
 the aid rendered by that Artillery in facilitating Sir Colin 
 Campbell's advance, it has been deemed advisable to postpone 
 it to this place.] 
 
 Major V. Eyre^ Commanding Artillery Brigade, to 
 Colonel R. Napier, Chief of the Staff] with the 
 force under Major -General Sir J. Outram. 
 
 Camp Alumhagh, near Luchnow, 8th January^ 1858. 
 The publication of Major-General Sir J. Outram's despatches having 
 brought to light the accidental omission of any detailed report from the 
 Artillery brigade under my orders, I gladly avail myself of his kind 
 permission to fill up the blank, which I do the more readily since it 
 affords me a fitting opportunity of placing on record publicly, my own 
 professional testimony of the signal services rendered by those whom 
 it was my good fortune to command during the recent operations at 
 Lucknow. 
 
 2. On the lamented death of Brigadier Cooper, on the 26th Septem- 
 ber, I succeeded to the command of the brigade, and during my subse- 
 quent severe illness, my place was temporarily filled by Captain Olpherts. 
 
 3. Owing partly to these changes, and partly to the constant occupa- 
 tion which the daily exigencies of the service demanded from officers 
 and men in the artillery, written reports were not expected, and hence 
 it may have heretofore escaped mention, that, for two special acts of 
 gallantry on the 25th September, both Captain Maude, R. A., and 
 Captain Olpherts, B. A., commanding field batteries, were rewarded by 
 the late Major-General Sir H. Havelock, K.C.B., with the much-coveted 
 distinction of the Victoria Cross. 
 
 4. 1 hope I shall be pardoned for this passing allusion to a fact so 
 gratifying to the pride of the combined artillery arms of England and 
 India, which, in this campaign, have for the first time encountered the 
 enemies of their common country side by side in friendly emulation. 
 
 5. Never, I firmly believe, were field batteries exposed to a severer 
 trial than that which attended the penetration of Lucknow on that 
 memorable day! On Captain Maude, who was in advance, devolved 
 the difficult task of silencing the enemy's guns which defended the 
 bridge leading to the city. This he accomplished under a murderous 
 cross fire of grape and musketry, with a loss of one-third of his men ; 
 
102 
 
 and it was for his nerve and coolness on this occasion, (but for which 
 the army could not have advanced) that Major-General Sir J. Outram, 
 who was an eye-witness of his conduct, recommended him for the high 
 distinction above recorded. 
 
 6. Captain Olpherts Avas almost simultaneously earning similar laurels 
 by the conspicuous gallantry with which he assisted her Majesty's 9()th 
 Light Infantry, led by the lamented Colonel Campbell, in the capture 
 of two guns on oiu' right under a heavy fire of grape ; carrying them 
 off in triumph, attached to his spare hmbers, through a most galling 
 cross fire of musketry, fi-om the loopholes of neighbouiing houses and 
 walled gardens. 
 
 7. To narrate our whole proceedings on that day would involve too 
 lengthy details, sufiice it therefore to say that, after crossing the bridge, 
 we met no serious obstacle until coming under the fire of grape and 
 musketry from the King's palace and the adjacent buildings on our left, 
 and of round shot and shell from the guns across the river on our right. 
 
 8_ As our force pushed on towards where the beleaguered garrison at 
 Luc know were anxiously expecting deliverance, each battery in turn 
 unlimbei'ed on the road, to silence, if possible, the enemy's guns, and 
 thus protect the advance of the main column. Wliile thus engaged, 
 the gunners stood firm and undaunted like so many targets for the 
 enemy's concealed sharp-shooters and grape shot, which latter ploughed 
 up the ground on all sides, committing fearful havoc, as ovir list of 
 casualties sufficiently testifies. 
 
 9. It was late at night ere the entire main body got out of fire ; but 
 two heavy guns, under Lieutenant J. M. Fraser, together with some 
 thirty ammunition and store carts, having remained at the Motee' 
 Munzul, with a party of her Majesty's 90th, under Colonel Campbell, 
 to protect the rear guard and wounded, were unable to accomplish a 
 junction with the main body until the morning of the 27th. The 
 position of the 14-pounder gun was one of great peril, from which it 
 was with difficulty extricated, chiefly through the able and energetic 
 measures of Captain Olpherts, who had been sent back to render assist- 
 ance, as very fully described and acknoAvledged by Colonel Napier in 
 that officer's report, already published. 
 
 10. It was here that those brave and lamented officers. Brigadier 
 Cooper, B.A., and Captain Crump, M.A., his Brigade Major, fell victims 
 to their noble zeal. Here also it was that Private Dufiy, of the 1st 
 Madras Fusiliers, a volunteer with the artillery, earned the Victoria 
 Cross by his cool intrepidity and daring skill in assisting to extricate 
 one of the guns from its desperate position. Colonel Napier also speaks 
 in high terms of Lieutenant Fraser's exertions on this occasion. 
 
 11. On succeeding to the command of the brigade, I appointed 
 Lieutenant Fraser my Brigade Major, and found him most efficient; in 
 fact I cannot speak too warmly of his soldierly zeal and devotion, which, 
 thenceforward down to the present time, I have had constant oppor- 
 tunities of witnessing, and I regard him as a young officer of the 
 highest promise. 
 
 12. Being myself prostrated by fever for several weeks after our 
 relief of the Lucknow Garrison, the temporary command of the 
 artillery was most effectively exercised by Captain Olpherts, whose 
 
103 
 
 well-triecl abilities always prove equal to every emergency. During the 
 interval of seven weeks that elapsed until the happy arrival of his 
 Excellency the Commander-in-Chiefs force, the artillery was chiefly 
 occupied in defensive warfare against foes whose numerical strength 
 and advantages of position, enabled them to surround and worry us at 
 every point. 
 
 13. Owing to the paucity of our numbers from casualties, and the 
 great extent of our position, this involved a very great amount of labour 
 for the artillery, who were on continuous duty at their guns without any 
 relief, besides working hard in the construction of fresh batteries when- 
 ever required. Under all their fatigues, privations, and dangers, the 
 best spirit prevailed from first to last among the men, who considered 
 no sacrifices too great for the accomplishment of the noble end in view, 
 viz., the dehverance of their countrywomen and wounded comrades from 
 the worst of fates. 
 
 14. It is satisfactory too to be able to state that the Native Establish- 
 ments attached to the field batteries, consisting of gun lascars, horse and 
 bullock drivers, syces, and grass-cutters, behaved most loyally, and, 
 though suffering as severely as any of the troops in killed and woimded, 
 none deserted ! Sirdar Driver Gungoo and Naik Darsun, of the syce 
 drivers (killed by a round shot) both of No. 12 Light Field Battery, 
 were particularly noted for their loyal devotion. 
 
 15. On the 16th November, the near approach of the Commander-in- 
 Chiefs force was the signal for renewed offensive operations on oiir side. 
 These have been already alluded to in the late Sir H. Havelock's 
 despatch of that date. Our object was to drive the enemy from certain 
 strong positions which he occupied between us and the advancing 
 columns, and in this we entirely succeeded, thereby greatly facihtating 
 the junction of the two forces, and saving the valuable lives of our soldiers. 
 
 16. The batteries wliich had been for some time previously con- 
 structed for this purpose, were concealed behind a lofty wall forming 
 the boundary of our position in tliat quarter. On them were mounted 
 four 18-pounder iron guns, one 8-inch iron howitzer, four 9-pounder 
 field guns, and two 24-pounder field howitzers, under the skilftil direction 
 of Captain Olpherts, Lieutenants Eraser and Smithett (the latter twice 
 wounded and distinguished on several occasions), and Staff Sergeant 
 INIelville, of the 1st Company, 5th Battalion. In position behind were 
 six 8-inch moi'tars under Captain Maude, R.A., most ably assisted by 
 Lieutenants Maitland, R.A., and Simpson and Ward, of Bengal Native 
 Infantry, the two latter being volunteers, well instructed in artillery 
 science. 
 
 17. At the appointed time large openings were efiected by the united 
 force of mines and breaches in the screen wall in our front, and the 
 batteries opened an excessively hot fire for three hours on the buildings 
 beyond, which were occupied in considerable foi'ce by the enemy. 
 Sufficient impression having been thus made, and mines having been ex- 
 ploded by the engineers in several contiguous quarters, storming parties 
 rushed out at 3 p.m., and quickly carried all before them with trifling loss. 
 
 18. During the night the artillery pushed forward their heavy guns 
 to the advanced positions thus gained, when some batteries were rapidly 
 constructed from which to open on the King's Palace, now withia easy 
 
104 
 
 breaching distance. On the 17th, our 8-inch howitzer shelled the Tara 
 Kotee and Mess House -with great effect, setting fire to the former and 
 materially assisting the attack of the advancing force on the opposite 
 side, although perhaps unknown to them, as it must have been difficult 
 for them to distinguish our distant fire from that of the enemy. 
 
 19. On the 18th, a junction having been effected between the two 
 forces on the previous night, a joint bombardment took place of the 
 King's Palace, in the outer wall of which several large breeches were 
 rapidly effected, and great havoc made in the principal building behind 
 it. This was continiied at intervals, on the two following days, with 
 great loss of life to the enemy croAvding wdthin, as was subsequently 
 ascertained, and there can be little doubt that, had it suited our plan of 
 operations, Ave might have at once Avalked into the place and occupied 
 the palace with comparatively little loss. But the great object we had 
 in vieAV having been triirmphantly accomplished, in the safe rescue of 
 the sick, wounded, and Avomen from their recent perils, any longer delay 
 at Lucknow was considered inexpedient until they should be safely 
 conducted beyond the reach of their merciless foes ; and on the night of 
 the 22nd, we effected our final CA-acuation of the entrenchment. 
 
 20. Measures had been previously adopted for the removal or 
 destruction of all our spare ordnance, ammunition, and mihtary stores. 
 This entailed no ordinary amount of labour and physical endurance on 
 the part of those to Avhose lot it fell to convey so many ponderous 
 carriages by manual force through the narroAV and intricate mazes of 
 Chuttur Munzil and Furhut Bux Palaces — a duty in which the 
 artillery were cheerfully aided by their infantry comrades, Avho on all 
 occasions have volunteered their services, both for ordinary labour and 
 also for the higher obligations of manning the guns Avhen circim:istances 
 required. 
 
 21. Our hearty acknowledgments are also due to our scientific 
 brethren of the engineers, for their cordial and effective co-operation, 
 to which we are no doubt indebted greatly for whatever success has 
 attended our efforts. 
 
 22. Lieutenant Thomas, I\Iadras Artillery, Commissary of Ordnance, 
 I alAvays found indefatigable in his duties, which were latterly very 
 severe, as on him devoh'^ed the laborious preparations for removing oiu- 
 magazine and destroying such guns and military stores as we A\-ere un- 
 able to carry away. With a very small establishment he effected all 
 this as satisfactorily as could be expected. Lieutenant J. Alexander, 
 Artillery, of the LucknoAV Garrison, also Avorked zealously with the 
 guns in position, and deserves creditable mention. 
 
 23. Before concluding this report, I Avish to record the excellent 
 services rendered to the artillery by Captain Evans, of the Bombay 
 infantry, Avho commanded Avith great credit several guns in position in 
 the entrenchment, and whose zeal and devotion were conspicuous. 
 Also those of Lieutenant Ouseley, of the Bengal Native Infantry, w^ho 
 likeAA'ise attached himself to the guns and rendered himself extremely 
 useful. 
 
 24. Surgeon Irvine and Assistant- Surgeon J. J. Clarke, are also par- 
 ticularly deserving of mention for praiseAvorthy zeal in the discharge of 
 their professional duties. 
 
105 
 
 25. Lieutenant Delafosse, infantry, one of the few survivors of the 
 Cawnpore massacre, was attached as a vokmteer to Captain Olphert's 
 battery, and behaved with great gallantry on the 25th September, as 
 Avell as in the previous engagements at Mungulwar and Alumbagh. I 
 regret to add, that the privations and trials he thus for a second time 
 endured in a beleaguered garrison, at length broke down his enfeebled 
 frame and obliged him to proceed with the sick to Cawnpore. 
 
 26. Among the non-commissioned officers whose conduct most com- 
 mended itself to notice, were Sergeant INIajor Bird and Staff Sergeant 
 Roddy, of the 2nd Company 3rd Battalion, and Staff Sergeant Melville, 
 of the 1st Company 5th Battalion. The latter had twice distinguished 
 himself before in Arrah. I beg most earnestly to recommend them to 
 the consideration of superior authority. 
 
 27. Sergeant-Major Lament, of the Eoyal Artillery, fell gloriously 
 at his gun on the 25th of September, deeply lamented by the whole 
 Artillery brigade. He was a first-rate and most gallant soldier, and 
 must have attained honour and distinction had he survived. 
 
 28. Lieutenant D. Gordon, who had assisted me most zealously in 
 working the heavy guns in the actions of Mungulwar and Alumbagh, 
 was left behind at the latter place in command of a portion of the 
 heavy battery, as also Lieutenant G. M. Clerk, with two 9-pounder 
 field guns of Captain Olpherts' battery, and I understand they were 
 able to render material assistance in the defence of that important 
 position. I have, &c., 
 
 Vincent Eyre, Major, 
 Commanding Artillenj Brigade, Oude Force. 
 
 P.S. — The last sentence had scarcely been penned when I was startled 
 by the announcement that poor Lieutenant D. Gordon has been just 
 killed in the Alumbagh by a round shot. I deeply regret the loss of 
 this most amiable and excellent young officer. 
 
 [On the 21st and 22nd November, the Commander-in-Chief 
 issued the following General Orders expressive of his admii'ation 
 of the original garrison : — ] 
 
 General Orders by His Excellency the 
 Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Head-quarters, Shah Nujeef, Lucknow, 
 2\st Nov., 1857. 
 Although the Commander-in-Chief has not yet had 
 time to peruse the detailed report of Brigadier Inglis, 
 respecting the defence made by the slender garrison 
 under his command, his Excellency desires to lose no 
 time in recording his opinion of the magnificent defence 
 
106 
 
 made by the remnant of a British Regiment, her 
 Majesty's 32nd, a company of British Artillery, and 
 a few hundred sepoys, whose very presence was a sub- 
 ject of distrust, against all the force of Oude, until the 
 arrival of the reinforcement under Major- Generals Sir 
 J. Outram, G.C.B., and Sir H. Havelock, K.C.B. 
 
 The enduring constancy of this small garrison, 
 under the watchful command of the Brigadier, has, 
 under Providence, been the means of adding to the 
 prestige of the British army, and of preserving the 
 honour and lives of our countrywomen. 
 
 There can be no greater reward than such a reflec- 
 tion, and the Commander-in-Chief heartily congratu- 
 lates Brigadier Inglis and his devoted garrison on that 
 reflection belonoino- to them. 
 
 The position occupied by the garrison was an open 
 entrenchment, the numbers were not sufficient to man 
 the defences, and the supply of artillerymen for the guns 
 was most inadequate. In spite of these diflScult circum- 
 stances, the Brigadier and his garrison held on ; and it 
 will be a great pleasure to the Commander-in-Chief to 
 bring- to the notice of the Government of India the 
 names of all the officers and soldiers who have distin- 
 guished themselves during the great trial to which they 
 have been exposed. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief congratulates Sir James 
 Outram and Sir Henry Havelock on having been the 
 first to aid Brigadier Inglis. 
 
 The Governor- General in Council has already ex- 
 pressed his opinion on the splendid feat of arms by 
 which that aid was accomplished. 
 
 Head-quarters, Shah Nujee/l 22nd Nov. , 1857. 
 When the Commander-in-Chief issued his Order 
 of yesterday with regard to the old garrison of Luck- 
 
107 
 
 now, his Excellency was unaware of the important part 
 taken in aid of the soldiers by the civil functionaries 
 who happened to be at the Residency when it was shut 
 in by the enemy. 
 
 His Excellency congratulates them very heartily 
 on the honour they have won in conjunction with their 
 military comrades. This is only another instance that 
 in danger and difficulty all Englishmen behave alike, 
 whatever their profession. 
 
 [The following General Orders and Despatches refer to the 
 gallant occupation of the Alumbagli by Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Mclntyre and Major Sibley, between the 25th September and 
 25th November : — ] 
 
 General Orders by his Excellency the 
 Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Adjutant- Gener at s Office^ Calcutta, 22nd Feb., 1858. 
 
 By the Honourable the President of the Council of 
 India in Council. 
 
 Fort William, I5th February, 1858. 
 
 The Honourable the President of the Council of 
 India in Council is pleased to direct the publication of 
 the following despatch from Major- General Sir J. 
 Outram, G.C.B., commanding, dated I6th January, 
 1858, transmitting reports relative to the occupation 
 and defence of the post of Alumbagh, under Brevet 
 Lieutenant- Colonel Mclntyre, 78th Highlanders, and 
 of the operations of the Artillery of his force, com- 
 manded by Major V. Eyre, Bengal Artillery. 
 
 2. His Honour in Council tenders his warm acknow- 
 ledgments to the several officers named in these reports, 
 as well as to the officers and men engaged, for the good 
 services rendered by them. 
 
108 
 
 Major- General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., Commanding in 
 Oude, to Mdjor H. W. Norman^ Deputy-Adjutant- 
 General of the Army. 
 
 Camp Alumbagh, IQth January, 1858. 
 
 In conseqnence of my having received no report from the oiEcer 
 commanding at Alumbagh, the sei^vices of the garrison and of parti- 
 cular officers have not been brought to the notice of his Excellency the 
 Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 I therefore beg leave to submit, for the information of his Excel- 
 lency a report recently received from Major IMcIntyre, her Majesty's 
 78th Regiment, of the occupation and defence of Alumbagh, from 
 the 25th September, when he was placed in command of that post 
 by the late Major-General Sir H. Havelock, K.C.B., until the arrival 
 of his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief's force. 
 
 During the earlier portion of Major Mclntyre's occiipation of Alum- 
 bagh, whilst cut off from commiuiication with Cawnpore, uncertain of 
 the fate of the rest of the force from the moment when he lost sight of 
 it in the suburbs of Lucknow, and surrounded by a numerous enemy, 
 his command was one of grave and anxious responsibility, and the firm 
 and able manner in which he used his small resources to repulse the 
 attack of the enemy, to strengthen his defences, and overcome the 
 difficulties of his situation, and the cheerful conduct of the troops under 
 laborious duties, merit my cordial acknowledgments, and will, I feel 
 sure, meet -with his Excellency's approbation. 
 
 I beg to second, most strongly, the recommendation Avhich Major 
 Mclntyre makes in favour of his second in command, Major Sihley, 
 who commanded at Alumbagh, during three weeks, whilst INIajor 
 Mclntyre was on the sick list ; also of the several officers of the Staff 
 or commanding detachments favourably mentioned by Major Mclntyre. 
 
 I also beg permission to submit Brigadier Eyre's rej)ort of the 
 artillery operations of the Oude Field Force, from the 21st September 
 to the 24th November, Avhich I have recently received. I beg now to 
 recommend the several officers mentioned by Brigadier Eyre, whose 
 names have not already been submitted for the favourable notice of 
 Government, for their service under their distinguished commander; 
 particularly Lieut. A. Fraser, brigade major of Artillery, whose name, I 
 regret to find, was omitted, but whose gallantry and very zealous 
 services deserved favourable notice. 
 
 Captain Evans, of the Bombay Native Infantry, doing duty with the 
 Artillery, was of much service in the Artillery park, at the evacuation 
 of the Residency of Lucknow. 
 
 Lieutenant T. N. Haward, of the Artillery, performed good service 
 as commissary of ordnance at Cawnpore, and during the march to 
 Alumbagh. 
 
 Lieutenant J. Anderson, of the Engineers, commanding engineer of 
 the Lucknow garrison, though confined to his couch by illness, never 
 ceased to exert himself to supply the engineer department with mate- 
 rials ; and Lieutenant J. M. Innes gave very A-aluable aid in the mining 
 operations until he was also disabled by ill-health and fatigue. 
 
109 
 
 The services of Captain Maycock, depiity-assistant-quartermaster- 
 general, were liiglily appreciated by the late Sir H. Ilavelock, and his 
 personal attendance on myself during the march to Alumbagh in the 
 actions of the 21st and 23rd September, deserved my thanks and 
 commendation. I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTKAii, Major-General, 
 
 Commanding in Oude. 
 
 Major and Brevet Lieut. -Col. Mclnf/yre, 7Sth High- 
 laridersy to Colonel R. Napier, Chief of the 
 Staff, with the Force under Major- General Sir 
 J. Outram. 
 
 Camp near Alumhagh, Zrd January, 1858. 
 
 Having been directed to report upon the circumstances attending the 
 occupation and defence of the Alumbagh, I have the honour to state, for 
 the information of the INIaj or- General commanding, that on the advance 
 of the force on Lucknow, on the 25th of September last, under the late 
 Major-General Sir Henry Havelock, K.C.B., I was appointed by that 
 officer to the command of the place, with detachments of regiments, 
 consisting of about 280 Europeans, some Sikhs, and four guns. In it 
 were placed the sick of the force, amounting to 128 men, of whom 
 64 were wounded, the baggage, commissariat, treasure chest, reserve 
 ordnance park, and a large quantity of small arm ammunition. 
 
 The native followers. Government and otherwise, could not have 
 amounted to fewer than between four and five thousand persons, with 
 an enormous number of cattle of various descriptions. The supply of 
 food for the native followers did not exceed the consumption of a few 
 day, and we had little or nothing for the cattle but what could be pro- 
 cured by foraging parties. Fortunately, some crops of rice and other 
 grain, nearly ripe, were on the ground sufficiently near to enable us to 
 gather them, under the protection of our guns. As these became con- 
 sumed, the sufferings of the native followers from want became, I 
 regret to say, very great. Everything that could be thought of was 
 done to alleviate them. Driven by starvation to seek for food too far 
 in advance of our foraging parties, numbers were cut up by the enemy 
 who surrounded us. The efforts made to relieve their wants from 
 Cawnpore were, for a considerable time, unsuccessful, as even quill 
 communications by cossids failed to reach their destination ; hoAvever, 
 on the 7th of October, a convoy of provisions, escorted by a party of 
 250 men and two guns, and commanded by ]\Iajor Bingham, her 
 Majesty's 64th Regiment, reached us from Cawnpore, and on the 
 25th of the same month a large convoy, intended for Lucknow, 
 escorted by 500 men and four guns, under the command of Major 
 Barnston, her Majesty's 90th Regiment, reached the Alumbagh. 
 Those enabled me to relieve, to a certain extent, the wants of the 
 native followers. One hundred and fifty men of Major Bingham's 
 party were ordered to remain to reinforce the garrison, and 100 to 
 return to Cawnpore by a forced night march to escort return cattle. 
 
no 
 
 Major Barnston's detachment Avas ordered after having rested for a 
 day or tAvo to return to Cawnpore. As the enemy had, however, 
 appeared in very great numbers, and had become more daring than 
 usual, I took upon myself the responsibility of detaining them, which 
 turned out fortunately, for in a day or two I received an order to do so 
 permanently. This gave me a force of 900 Europeans and ten guns, 
 which enabled me to increase my foraging parties, and their range. 
 
 To take steps for the immediate defence of my post was my first care, 
 and I made use of every available means to accomplish it. Subse- 
 quently more permanent works were ably constructed by Lieutenant 
 Judge, of the engineers, assisted by Mr. Tait, civil engineer, attached 
 to that department. Only the bastions, however, at the angles and a 
 banquette beside, were completed, and the mango topes cut down in 
 all directions round the post. 
 
 The enemy constructed batteries at different periods, at five different 
 points around us, and their fire was at times exceedingly annoying and 
 destructive to the native followers and cattle, from their necessarily 
 crowded state; but I am happy to say that during the period of our 
 holding the position, forty-nine days, one European soldier only was 
 killed and two wounded. 
 
 Jellalabad, occupied in force by the enemy with cavalry, infantry, 
 and four guns, formed a sixth and dangerous neighbour; but on two 
 occasions only did they bring out their guns and open fire, and they 
 were then soon silenced. 
 
 A two-gun battery at the Yellow-house,* * * * 
 
 and silenced by our Artillery fire, under the able direction of Captain 
 Moir, of the Bengal Artillery, was repaired during the night ; but on a 
 repetition of our fire, was again silenced, and eventually the enemy with- 
 drew their guns from it. 
 
 The duty was at first very severe on both ofiicers and men, but was 
 performed most cheerfully by both. Much praise is due to the artillery 
 and men attached, on whom it was even more severe than on the others. 
 
 From about the 3rd to the 22nd of October, in consequence of my 
 illness, the command of the post devolved on Major Sibley, of her Ma- 
 jesty's 64th Regiment, in charge of the treasure chest, the next senior 
 ofiicer, from whom I, on all occasions, received every assistance. 
 
 I trust the Major-General will not think it presumptous on my part 
 to bring to his notice the names of those officers (in addition to those 
 already mentioned) who were most conspicuous in the performance of 
 their duties, and deserve much credit. They are — Captain May cock, 
 deputy-assistant quarter-master general; Lieutenant Gordon, Bengal 
 Artillery, who commanded the detachments of artillery until the arrival 
 of Captain Moir; Lieutenant Sandwith, her Majesty's 84th Regiment, 
 acting field engineer, (Lieutenant Sandwith was subsequently killed in 
 Lucknow) ; Lieutenant Haldane, her Majesty's 64th Regiment, acting field 
 engineer; Lieutenant Morland, acting staff" officer, 1st Bengal Fusiliers. 
 
 The unwearied attention of Surgeon Innes, of her Majesty's 84th 
 Regiment, and Surgeon Dominichetti, of her Majesty's 75th Regiment, 
 
 Copy illegible. 
 
Ill 
 
 to the sick and wounded, and their exertions on entering the Alum- 
 bagh with sixty-fonr wounded men, deserve the greatest praise. 
 
 May I be permitted to add, that I on every occasion received the 
 greatest assistance from Caption Moir, of the Artillery, who was ever 
 at his post. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. McIntyre, Major, 
 78th Highlander's, and Brevet Lieutenant- Colonel. 
 
 [Before concluding this portion of the despatches, the editor 
 lias thought it advisable to interpolate here General Orders 
 which relate to the first relief by General Havelock, and the 
 final removal of the garrison by Sir Colin Campbell.] 
 
 General Orders by His Excellency the 
 Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Adjutant- GeneraVs Office, Calcutta, Dec. 12, 1857. 
 
 By the Right Honourable the Governor- General of 
 India in Council : — 
 
 Fort William, 8th December, 1857. 
 
 The Right Honourable the Governor - General in 
 Council has received from Brigadier Inglis, of her 
 Majesty's 32nd Regiment, lately commanding the gar- 
 rison in Lucknow, the subjoined report of the defence 
 of the Residency in that city, from the first threatened 
 attack upon it on the 29th of June, to the arrival of 
 the force under Major-General Sir J. Outram, G. C.B., 
 and the lamented Major-General Sir H. Havelock, 
 K.C.B., on the 25th of September. 
 
 The divisional order of Major-General Sir James 
 Outram upon the report accompanies it. 
 
 The Governor- General in Council believes that never 
 has a tale been told which will so stir the hearts of 
 Englishmen and Englishwomen, as the simple, earnest 
 narrative of Brio-adier Inorlis. 
 
 It rightfully commences with a soldier's testimony, 
 touchingly borne, to the chivalrous character and high 
 
112 
 
 deserts of Sir Henry Lawrence, the sad details of whose 
 death are now made known. 
 
 There does not stand recorded in the annals of war 
 an achievement more truly heroic than the defence of 
 the Eesidency at Lucknow, described in the narrative 
 which follows. 
 
 That defence has not only called forth all the energy 
 and daring which belong to Englishmen in the hour of 
 active conflict ; but it has exhibited continuously, and 
 in the highest, degree, that noble and sustained courage 
 which, against enormous odds and fearful disadvantages, 
 against hope deferred, and through unceasing toil and 
 wear of body and mind, still holds on day after day and 
 triumphs. 
 
 The heavy guns of the assailants, posted, almost in 
 security, within fifty yards of the entrenchments,— so 
 near indeed that the solicitations, and threats, and taunts, 
 which the rebels addressed to the native defenders of 
 the garrison, were easily heard by those true-hearted 
 men ; the fire of the enemy's musketry, so searching that 
 it penetrated the innermost retreat of the women and 
 children, and of the wounded; their desperate attempts, 
 repeatedly made, to force an entry after blowing in the 
 defences ; the perpetual mining of the works ; the weary 
 night watching for the expected signal of relief; and 
 the steady waste of precious lives until the number of 
 English gunners was reduced below that of the guns to 
 be worked : — all these constitute features in a history 
 which the fellow-countrymen of the heroes of Lucknow 
 will read with swelling hearts, and which will endure 
 for ever as a lesson to those who shall hope, by treachery, 
 numbers, or boldness in their treasoa, to overcome the 
 indomitable spirit of Englishmen. 
 
 A complete list of the brave men who have fallen has 
 not yet reached the Governor- General in Council ; but 
 
113 
 
 the names mentioned in Brio^adier Inglis' report are, in 
 themselves, a long and sad one. 
 
 Amongst those who have nobly perished in this pro- 
 tracted struggle. Sir Henry Lawrence will occupy the 
 first place in the thoughts of his fellow-countrymen. 
 The Governor-General in Council has already given 
 expression to the deep sorrow with which he mourns 
 the loss of that distinguished man. But the name of 
 Sir Henry Lawrence can never rise up without calling 
 forth a tribute of honour and admiration from all who 
 knew him. 
 
 The Governor-General in Council has also to deplore 
 the loss of Major Banks, an officer high in the con- 
 fidence of the Government of India, and who, with the 
 full approval of the Governor-General in Council, had 
 succeeded to the charge of Chief Commissioner upon 
 Sir Henry Lawrence's death ; of Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Case, Her Majesty's 32nd Regiment, who was mortally 
 wounded while leading on hig men at Chinhut on the 
 29th of June ; of Captain Eadcliffe, whose conspicuous 
 bravery attracted the attention of Sir Henry Lawrence 
 on that occasion ; of Captain Francis, who was also 
 especially noticed by Sir Henry Lawrence for his gallant 
 conduct while in command of the Muchhee Bhowun j of 
 Captain Fulton, of the Engineers, whose indefatigable 
 exertions are thankfully recorded by Brigadier Inglis ; 
 of Major Anderson, the chief engineer, who, contending 
 against deadly sickness, did not cease to give his valu- 
 able aid to his commander; of Captain Simons, Artillery, 
 mortally wounded at Chinhut ; of Lieutenants Shepherd 
 and Arthur, 7th Light Cavalry, killed at their posts ; of 
 Captain McCabe, Her Majesty's 32nd, who fell while 
 leading his fourth sortie ; of Captain Mansfield, of the 
 same corps, who fell a victim to cholera. 
 
 The Governor-General in Council laments also ti) 
 8 
 
114 
 
 find in this melancholy record the names of Mr. Lucas, 
 a traveller in India, and of Mr. Bryson. These two 
 gentlemen, acting as volunteers, received charge of one 
 of the most dangerous outposts, and held it at the cost 
 of their lives. 
 
 The good services of Her Majesty's 32nd Regiment 
 throughout this struggle have been remarkable. 
 
 To the watchful courage and sound judgment of its 
 commander, Brigadier Inglis, the British Government 
 owes a heavy debt of gratitude ; and Major Lowe, 
 Captain Bassano, Lieutenants Edmonstoune, Foster, 
 Harmar, Lawrence, Clery, Cooke, Browne, and Charl- 
 ton, and Quartermaster Stribbling, of this corps, and 
 Captain O'Brien, of Her Majesty's 84th Regiment, are 
 praised by their superior as having severally distin- 
 guished themselves. Of the 7th Light Cavalry, Colonel 
 Master, to whom was entrusted the command of a most 
 exposed post, Captain Boileau, and Lieutenant Warner, 
 are entitled to the thanks of the Governor-General in 
 Council. 
 
 The Governor- General in Council recognizes with 
 pleasure the distinction accorded to Major Apthorp, 
 Captains Kemble and Saunders, Lieutenants Barwell 
 and Keir, of the 41st N. L, as well as to Captain 
 Germon and Lieutenant Aitken, of the 13th N. L, the 
 latter of whom commanded an important position in 
 the defences with signal courage and success ; to Cap- 
 tain Anderson, of the 25th, and to Lieutenant Gray don, 
 of the 44th N. I. 
 
 His Lordship in Council desires to acknowledge the 
 excellent service of Captain Dinning and Lieutenant 
 Sewell, of the 71st N. I. ; and of Lieutenant Lang- 
 more, of the same regiment, who held continuously a 
 post open to attack, and entirely without shelter for 
 himself or for his men by night or by day ; as well as 
 
115 
 
 of Lieutenant Worsley, of the same corps ; of Lieu- 
 tenant TuUoch, 58th N. I. ; of Lieutenant Hay, 
 48th N. I., who was placed under the Engineers to 
 assist in the arduous duties of that department ; and 
 of Ensign Ward, of the same regiment, who, when the 
 officers of Artillery were mostly disabled, worked the 
 mortars with good effect ; also of Lieutenant Graham, 
 of the 11th N. L, and of Lieutenant Mecham, of the 
 4th Oude Irregulars. 
 
 Of the native officers and men of the 13th, 48th, and 
 71st Eegiments of N. L, who have been amongst the 
 defenders of the Residency, it is difficult to speak too 
 highly. Their courageous constancy under the severest 
 trials is worthy of all honour. 
 
 The medical officers of the garrison are well entitled 
 to the cordial thanks of the Government of India. The 
 attention, skill, and energy evinced by Superintending 
 Surgeon Scott ; Assistant- Surgeon Boyd, her Majesty' 
 32nd Foot ; Assistant- Surgeon Bird, of the Artillery ; 
 Surgeon Campbell, 7th Light Cavalry ; Surgeon Brydon, 
 71st N. I.; Surgeon Ogilvie, sanitary commissioner; 
 Assistant-Surgeon Fayrer; Assistant- Surgeon Partridge, 
 2nd Oude Irregulars ; Assistant- Surgeons Greenhow 
 and Darby; and of Mr. Apothecary Thompson, are 
 spoken of in high terms by Brigadier Inglis. 
 
 To Dr. Brydon, especially, the Governor- General in 
 Council would address his hearty congratulations. This 
 officer, after passing through the Cabul campaign of 
 1841-42, was included in the illustrious garrison who 
 maintained their position in Jellalabad. He may now, 
 as one of the heroes of Lucknow, claim to have wit- 
 nessed and taken part in an achievement even more 
 conspicuous as an example of the invincible energy and 
 enduring courage of British soldiers. 
 
 The labours of the officers of Engineers — Lieutenants 
 n 8—2 
 
116 
 
 Anderson, Hutchinson, and Innes ; and of the Artillery 
 — Lieutenant Thomas (Madras), and Lieutenants Mac- 
 farlane and Bonham, receive, as they deserve, honour- 
 able mention, which the Governor- General in Council 
 is glad to confirm by his cordial approval. 
 
 The services rendered by Mr. McRae, civil engineer ; 
 Mr. SchilHng, principal of the Martiniere ; and by Mr. 
 Cameron, a gentleman who had visited Oude for com- 
 mercial purposes, merit the especial thanks of the 
 Government of India. 
 
 The Governor- General in Council has read with 
 great satisfaction the testimony borne by Brigadier 
 Inglis to the sedulous attention given to the spiritual 
 comforts of his comrades by the Reverend Mr. Pole- 
 hampton and the Bev. Mr. Harris. The first, unhap- 
 pily, has not survived his labours. 
 
 The officers of the StaiF have rendered excellent 
 service. That of Lieutenant James, sub-assistant com- 
 missary-general, calls for the especial thanks of the 
 Government of India. This officer, although severely 
 wounded at Chinhut, resolutely continued to give valu- 
 able aid to the Brigadier ; and it is mainly owing -to his 
 forethought and care that the supplies of the garrison 
 have sufficed through the hardships of the sieges. 
 
 Captain Wilson, 13th N. I., deputy assistant adjutant- 
 general, has evinced courage, activity, and sound judg- 
 ment in a very high degree. 
 
 Lieutenant Hardinge, officiating as deputy quarter- 
 master-general, as well as commanding the Sikh Cavalry 
 of the garrison, has proved himself worthy to bear his 
 soldier's name. 
 
 Lieutenant Barwell, 71st N. L, Fort adjutant, is 
 honourably mentioned ; and Lieutenant Birch, of the 
 7 1st N. I., who acted as aide-de-camp to Brigadier 
 Inglis throughout the siege, has discharged his duties 
 
117 
 
 in a manner which has called forth emphatic praise from 
 his commander. 
 
 The officers of the Civil Service have not been behind 
 their military ln*ethren in com'age and zeal. The assist- 
 ance rendered by Mr. Couper to Brigadier Inglis, as pre- 
 viously to Sir Henry Lawrence, has been most valuable. 
 
 Messrs. Thornhill and Capper were wounded during 
 the siege ; and Mr. Martin, deputy commissioner, and 
 Captain Carnegie, assistant commissioner, have earned 
 the special thanks of Brigadier Inglis. 
 
 To all these brave men, and to their brother officers 
 and comrades of every rank and degree, European and 
 native, who have shared the same dangers and toils 
 with the same heroic spirit, the Governor- General in 
 Council tenders his warmest thanks. 
 
 The officers and men of her Majesty's Regiments 
 must receive their full measure of acknowledgment from 
 a higher authority than that of the Governor- General in 
 Council ; but it will be the pleasing duty of his Lordship 
 in Council to express to her Majesty's Government, and 
 to the Honourable Court of Directors of the East India 
 Company, in the strongest terms, the recommendation 
 of them to that favour for which Major- General Sir 
 James Outram so justly pleads. 
 
 Meanwhile, it is a gratification to the Governor- 
 General in Council to direct, in a General Order of 
 this day, that the rewards and honours therein specified 
 shall be at once awarded to the officers and men of the 
 two services, and to the civilians respectively. 
 
 This notice must not be closed without mention of 
 those noble women who, little fitted to take part in such 
 scenes, have assumed so cheerfully and discharged so 
 earnestly their task of charity in ministering to sickness 
 and pain. It is likely that to themselves the notoriety 
 of praise publicly given may be distasteful; yet, the 
 
118 
 
 Governor- General in Council cannot forego the pleasure 
 of doing justice to the names of Birch, Polehampton, 
 Barbor, and Gall, and of offering to those whose acts 
 have so adorned them, his tribute of respectful admira- 
 tion and gratitude. 
 
 The history of the defence of the Eesidency of 
 Lucknow does not end with the narrative of Brigadier 
 Inglis. But no full reports of the course of events at 
 Lucknow subsequently to the junction of Sir Henry 
 Havelock's force with the defenders, or of the final and 
 effectual relief by the advance of the Commander-in- 
 Chief, have yet been received. It is known, however, 
 that the success which has carried joy to so many 
 aching hearts has been clouded by the death, within 
 the last few days, of one of the first soldiers of India, 
 Major- General Sir Henry Havelock. 
 
 The Governor- General in Council deeply deplores 
 the loss of this able leader and truly brave man, who 
 has been taken from the service of his country at a 
 time when he can least be spared, though not before he 
 had won for himself lasting renown, and had received 
 at the hands of his Sovereign the gracious and prompt 
 recognition of his merits. 
 
 R. J. H. Birch, Colonel, 
 Secretary to the Govt, of India, Mily. Deimrt. 
 
 General Orders by His Excellency the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief. 
 
 Adjutant- GeneraVs Office, 
 
 Calcutta, 1^1 Bee, 1857. 
 General Orders by the Right Honourable the Gover- 
 nor-General of India in Council. 
 
 Fort William, 22nd December, 1857. 
 The Right Honourable the Governor-General in 
 Council is pleased to direct the publication of the 
 
119 
 
 accompanying despatches relating to the first relief of 
 the garrison of Lucknow, which have lately reached 
 Government. 
 
 These despatches contain an account of the proceed- 
 ings of the force under the command of the late Major- 
 General Sir H. Havelock, K.C.B., before he forced his 
 way into the city, as well as of the various operations 
 carried on under Major- General Sir James Outram, 
 G.C.B., after a junction had been effected with the 
 garrison of the Residency on the 25th of September, 
 until the arrival of the relievino^ force under his 
 Excellency General Sir Colin Campbell. 
 
 They show how thoroughly this gallant band has sus- 
 tained the reputation of British soldiers for courage, 
 discipline, and determination, whether in the plain, in 
 the hand-to-hand struggle of the street-fighting, or in 
 the more wearying labours of the siege. 
 
 The Governor- General in Council has already had 
 the satisfaction of acknowledging the obligations of the 
 Government of India to Sir James Outram ; but his 
 Lordship in Council cannot deny himself the pleasure of 
 expressing again his appreciation of Sir James Outram 's 
 eminent services, and his respect for the generous and 
 soldier-like feeling which prompted Sir James to abstain 
 from assuming the position due to his superior rank, and 
 to leave in the hands of Sir Henry Havelock the com- 
 pletion of the undertaking which the latter had success- 
 fully begun. 
 
 To Brigadier Inglis, the Governor-General in Council 
 can give no higher praise than to say, that during the 
 continuance of the siege, after Sir James Outram had 
 assumed the chief command in the Residency, his ability, 
 energy, and vigilance were worthy of the lasting reputa- 
 tion which his conduct of the defence has secured to 
 him. 
 
120 
 
 Sir James Outram has acknowledged the efficient co- 
 operation which he had from Brigadiers Hamilton and 
 Stisted To these officers, as well as to Captain 
 Bouverie, and Captain Spurgin, serving on the Brigade 
 Staff, the Governor- General in Council desires to offer 
 his hearty thanks for the good services they have done. 
 
 His Lordship in Council conveys to Major Eyre, who 
 had already established a claim on the gratitude of the 
 Government ; to Captain Maude, Koyal Artillery ; to 
 Captain Olpherts, Bengal Artillery ; to Lieutenant 
 Thomas, Commissary of Ordnance ; and to the officers 
 and men of the combined force of Artillery, the assu- 
 rance of the satisfaction with which he has received the 
 evidence of their zeal and gallantry. 
 
 The labours that devolved upon the Engineer Depart- 
 ment, have been of a most important and difficult nature, 
 and the Governor-General in Council begs to assure 
 Captain Crommelin, commanding the Engineers ; Lieu- 
 tenant Hutchinson, second in command ; Lieutenants 
 Russell and Limond ; the officers and men attached to, 
 as well as those who volunteered to work with, the 
 department — his appreciation of the courage, skill, and 
 energy with which they bore their very arduous part in 
 the siege. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Purnell, commanding H. M.'s 
 90th Light Infantry, deserves praise for the able man- 
 ner in which he held an advanced post, exposed to 
 the unceasing attacks of the enemy ; and to Captain 
 Brasyer, commanding the Regiment of Ferozepore ; to 
 Captain Lockhart, commanding H. M.'s 98th High- 
 landers ; to Captain Shute, commanding a detachment 
 of H. M.'s 64th, who have each maintained a difficult 
 post with complete success ; to Captain Willis, com- 
 manding H. M.'s 84th ; to Captain Galwey, commanding 
 Madras Fusiliers ; and to Lieutenant Meara, command- 
 
121 
 
 ing H. M.'s 5tli Fusiliers, the Governor-General in 
 Council tenders his hearty thanks. 
 
 His Lordship in Council acknowledges with pleasure 
 the cheerful alacrity with which Captain Barrow, com- 
 manding Volunteer Cavalry ; Captains Johnson and 
 Hardinge, commanding Irregular Cavalry, have come 
 forward to volunteer their services on every opportunity : 
 the latter officer having also rendered good service as 
 Deputy Quartermaster- General. 
 
 The thanks of Government are due to Captain 
 Garden, Assistant Quartermaster- General ; and to 
 Captain Moorsom, H. M.'s 52nd Regiment, Deputy 
 Assistant Quartermaster-General, for the zeal they 
 have exhibited in their various departments ; as also to 
 Captains Alexander, Orr, and Carnegy, for their able 
 services at the head of the Intelligence Department ; 
 and to Captain Macbean and Lieutenant James, for 
 the efficient manner in which, under their superin- 
 tendence, the Commissariat arrangements have been 
 carried out. 
 
 The Governor- General in Council has great satisfac- 
 tion in acknowledging the excellent provision made for 
 the care of the sick by the Medical Department under 
 Superintending- Surgeon J. Scott ; and his Lordship in 
 Council desires especially to tender his warm thanks to 
 the Rev. Mr. Harris, for the personal courage displayed 
 by that gentleman in the discharge of his sacred duties, 
 and for the unremittino- assiduity with w^hich he, throuo-h- 
 out the siege, has sought to allay the sufferings and 
 provide for the comfort of the sick and wounded. 
 
 The Governor- General in Council offers to Major 
 North, Deputy Judge-Advocate- General ; to Captain 
 Hudson (H. M.'s 64th), Deputy Assistant-Adjutant- 
 General; and to Lieutenant Hargood (Madras Fusi- 
 liers), serving on the Staff of the late Sir Henry 
 
122 
 
 Havelock, the thanks they have merited hy efficient 
 discharge of their respective duties. 
 
 The support rendered to the force, both in the field 
 and throughout the very intricate and difficult engineer- 
 ing operations of the defence, by Colonel Napier, 
 Military Secretary and Chief of the Adjutant- General's 
 Department, has been most valuable, and his Lordship 
 in Council desires to assure Colonel Napier, that his 
 ability and exertions are fully appreciated by Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 The Governor- General in Council has much satisfac- 
 tion in acknowledging the services of Captain Dodgson, 
 Assistant- Adjutant- General; Captain Gordon, Deputy 
 Judge- Advocate- General ; Lieutenants Sit vt' ell and 
 Chamier, on the Personal Staff of, and Mr. Money, 
 Private Secretary to, Sir James Outram ; of Captain 
 Dawson, and Ensign Hewitt, Orderly Officers ; and of 
 Mr. G. Couper, of the Civil Service, who Volunteered 
 to perform the duties of Aide-de-Camp. 
 
 In addition to those whose names have been more 
 prominently brought to notice, the Governor- General 
 in Council desires to convey his hearty thanks to all 
 officers, non-commissioned officers, and men, who have 
 been engaged in the operations referred to in these 
 despatches, for the valour they have displayed in the 
 field, for the firmness with which they have maintained 
 their position in the city, and for the cheerful, willing, 
 and earnest manner in which they have discharged all 
 the various duties and borne the privations imposed 
 upon them, under circumstances of extraordinary dif- 
 ficulty and hardship. 
 
 It will be a gratification to the Governor- General in 
 Council to bring the eminent services of Major-General 
 Sir J. Outram's force, officers and men, to the favour 
 able notice of her Majesty's Government and of the 
 
123 
 
 Honourable Court of Directors by the first opportunity. 
 Meanwhile, the Governor-General in Council directs, 
 by a separate order of this date, that the donation batta 
 already granted to the garrison under Brigadier Inglis, 
 shall be extended to Major- General Sir J. Outram's 
 force. 
 
 The Governor- General in Council cannot conclude 
 this notice of the events connected with the relief of 
 Lucknow, without expressing his deep regret at the 
 heavy loss which England has suiFered by the fall of so 
 many able officers and gallant men. 
 
 His Lordship in Council has already recorded his 
 sense of the high w^orth of those true soldiers, Sir 
 Henry Havelock and Brigadier-General Neill. Their 
 names will be cherished with honour by their fellow- 
 countrymen. 
 
 He now has to lament the untimely death of Colonel 
 Campbell, her Majesty's QOth Light Infantry, than 
 whom the Queen's service possessed no more gallant 
 or promising officer. 
 
 Major Haliburton, her Majesty's 78th Highlanders ; 
 Major Cooper, Artillery ; Major Simmons, her Majesty's 
 5th Fusiliers ; Major Stephenson, Madras Fusiliers ; and 
 many other brave men amongst their comrades, have 
 died in the discharge of their duty ; and in memory of 
 these the Governor- General in Council desires to record 
 his tribute of sorrow and gratitude. 
 
 R. J. H. Birch, Colonel, 
 Secretcmj to the Govt, of India, in the Military Dept. 
 
 With reference to Government General Order, 
 No. 1625 of this date, the Right Honourable the 
 Governor-General in Council is pleased to direct that 
 every officer and soldier, European and native, who 
 formed part of the force under command of Major- 
 
124 
 
 General Sir James Outrani, G.C.B., shall be allowed a 
 donation of six months' batta, as already authorised for 
 the troops composing the late garrison of Lucknow. 
 
 R. J. H. Birch, Colonel, 
 
 Sec. to the Govt, of India in the Mily. Dept. 
 
 By order of his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, 
 W. Mayhew, Lieut.- Colo7iel, 
 
 Adjutant-General of the Army. 
 
 [The accompanying extract of a letter will show the pious 
 care taken lest the remahis of the gallant Havelock might be 
 desecrated by the enemy.] 
 
 George Couper, Esq., to G. F. Edmonstone, Esq. 
 
 Alumbagh, 23rd Decemher, 1857. 
 I am directed to state, for the information of the Eight Hon. the 
 Governor-General in Council, that with the view of preventing the 
 desecration of Sir Henry Havelock's grave, in the event of a con- 
 tingency — unforeseen at present — calhng for the operation of this 
 division elsewhere, the Chief Commissioner has directed every trace of 
 the momid to be carefully obliterated, so that the spot may he, imper- 
 ceptible to an uninitiated observer. As it is not impossible, however, 
 that the Government of India, or that of England, may desire, on a 
 future occasion, to have the lamented General's remains removed from 
 their present resting-place to a holier and more honoured cemetery, 
 I aiu directed to enclose a plan of the Alumbagh, showing the exact 
 position of the grave, in order that no possible doubt regarding the 
 locality may arise hereafter. 
 
 The Defence of the Alumbagh. 
 
 [On the 25th November, 1857, Sir Colin Campbell proceeded 
 towards Cawnpore with the women and children, sick and 
 wounded, and the greater portion of the effective garrison of 
 Lucknow, leaving Sir James Outram with a force of 4,000 men, 
 ^ constituting the First Division of the redistributed army, to 
 hold Lucknow and its armed hordes in check, until his Excel- 
 lency should be in a position to wrest that city from the enemy. 
 
 The position assigned to Sir James Outrayi embraced the 
 walled enclosures of the Alumbagh, which had been so gallantly 
 maintained for two months by Lieut. -Col. Mclntyre and Major 
 
125 
 
 Sibley. The name of tliat small post became conventionally 
 assigned to the whole of Sir James Outram's position, and a 
 grievous popular misconception has thus arisen respecting the 
 difficulties encountered, and the services rendered, by the First 
 Division during the three months they confronted the population 
 of Oude in arms against them ; and by thus finding occupation 
 for many thousands of fighting men, prevented them from 
 assailing Cawnpore. 
 
 The general impression is, that between the relief of LucknoAv 
 in November, 1857, and its final capture in March, 1858, 
 Sir James Outram occupied the small walled and fortified 
 enclosure of the Alumbagh. This misconception has been 
 greatly strengthened by the circumstance that the despatch in 
 which Sir James Outram recapitulated the services of his divi- 
 sion was never published in General Orders, and it has been 
 adopted by several able writers otherwise well informed, Avho 
 have undertaken to narrate the history of the Indian mutinies. 
 
 Under these circumstancss, the editor has deemed it advisable 
 slightly to invert the order of Sir James Outram's despatches 
 from the Alumbagh, and give precedence to the one in which, 
 when on the eve of engaging in those final operations in which he 
 was destined to play a conspicuous and dangerous part, he availed 
 himself of what might possibly be his last o2:)portunity to do justice 
 to the brave troops with whom he had been so long associated.] 
 
 Despatch from Governor-General to the Court of 
 Directors. 
 
 \_Forwarding Desjmtch from Commander-in-Chief, dated I2th March, 
 with Enclosure from Major-General Outram, dated 28th February ; 
 ivhich through some oversight had not been imblished in General 
 Orders in India."] 
 
 To the Honourable the Court of Directors of the East 
 India Company. 
 
 Allahabad, Aiiril 30th, 1858. 
 
 I have the honour to transmit the accompanying copy 
 of a letter from the deputy adjutant-general of the 
 
126 
 
 army, No. 138 A, dated 12tli March, 1858, forwarding 
 a report from Major-General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., 
 noticing the behaviour of the troops under his com- 
 mand during the few months previous to the capture of 
 Lucknow. 
 
 2. It will be observed that Sir J. Outram specially 
 commends Colonel C. A. F. Berkley, of her Majesty's 
 32nd Regiment, his military secretary. 
 
 3. His Excellency the Commander-in-Chief has ex- 
 pressed his entire satisfaction at the manner in which 
 Sir J. Outram fulfilled the expectations which led to 
 his being selected to maintain the position in Alumbagh, 
 and recommends to favourable notice as well the Major- 
 General who commanded there as the oflEicers who 
 executed his orders. 
 
 4. I very cordially join in the Commander-in-Chief's 
 well-merited commendation of Sir James Outram, and 
 of the officers and troops under his command. 
 
 I have, &c.. 
 
 Canning. 
 
 The Deputy Adjutant- General of the Army to the Secre- 
 tary to the Government of Lidia, Military Depart- 
 ment, with the Governor- General. 
 
 Head Quarters^ Cam}') before Delhi, 
 
 Lucknow, 12th March, 1858. 
 
 I have tlie honour, by direction of the Commander-in-Chief, to for- 
 ward for the favourable consideration of the Right Honourable the 
 Governor-General a copy of a despatch dated the 28th ultimo, from 
 Major-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., in which he brings to pro- 
 minent notice the behaviour of the troops under his immediate com- 
 mand during the last few months. 
 
 2. It is matter of gi-eat satisfaction to his Excellency, that his expec- 
 tations with regard to the security of the position selected for Sir James 
 Outram have been so amply justified. The Commander-in-Chief was 
 always convinced that under the able command of the Major-General, 
 the troops left in the vicinity of Lucknow according to the policy of 
 Government, were exposed to no military risk. 
 
 3. His Excellency is exceedingly gratified by the report of the disci- 
 
127 
 
 pline of the troops of the 1st division, and he recommends to the favor- 
 able notice of his Lordship, the Major-General who commanded, and 
 the officers who executed his orders. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 H. W. Norman, Majoj^, 
 
 Deputy Adjutant- General of the Army 
 
 Major- Geneml Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., Commanding 
 First Division, to the Deputy -Adjutant- General 
 of the Army. 
 
 Dated Camp Alumbagh, 
 
 28th February, 1858. 
 
 1. My separate despatches have from time to time 
 apprised his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief of 
 the several affairs we have had with the enemy, and of 
 my sense of the services which have been rendered on 
 those occasions by the officers and men under my com- 
 mand. 
 
 2. But I am desirous of expressing to his Excellency 
 in a more connected form, the very deep obligations 
 under which they have placed me throughout the w^hole 
 period we have been associated together — obligations 
 which I am certain his Excellency and the Government 
 of India will feel to be theirs also ; and I trust it will 
 not be deemed presumptuous or superfluous if, on the 
 eve of more active operations, which may probably 
 involve a severance of the ties that now unite us, I 
 venture to submit to his Excellency's favourable notice, 
 the admirable conduct of a force, which though it has 
 been strictly enjoined by his Excellency to limit itself to 
 defensive operations, and though its casualties have 
 been few, has held an important position, and by its 
 steadiness and bravery, rendered what I venture to hope 
 will be regarded as a verv valuable service to the State. 
 
 3. Circumstances demanded that, on the relief of 
 Lucknow, his Excellency should withdraw his army to 
 
128 
 
 other districts, certainly for months, possibly for the 
 greater part of a year. But it was deemed of paramount 
 importance that a military footing should be retained in 
 Oude during his Excellency's absence, however pro- 
 tracted that might prove ; and to the division which it 
 has been my honour and good fortune to command, was 
 allotted the task of maintaining, for an indefinite period, 
 the honour of the British arms, and of representing the 
 authority of the British Government in this province. 
 
 4. It was considered advisable, both on political and 
 strategic grounds, that we should remain in close 
 proximity to the capital. The position assigned us was 
 within a mile and a half of the suburbs of Lucknow. 
 Our advanced posts were within gunshot range of the 
 outworks of a vast city, swarming with hosts of mutinous 
 sepoys, with Nujeebs the undisciplined but well-armed 
 soldier of the rebel Government, with many thousand 
 city " budmashes," the armed and turbulent scum of a 
 population of 700,000 souls, and with numerous bands 
 of feudal retainers of the chieftains and great zemindars 
 of Oude, whose normal state for the last fifty years has 
 been one of warfare. 
 
 5. The enemy thus ranged against us, and certain to 
 receive large accessions from the sepoys dispersed in 
 other parts by the victorious forces of his Excellency, 
 had the resources of the entire province at their dis- 
 posal ; while our supplies had to be derived periodically 
 from Cawnpore, a distance of 45 miles : they were 
 known to be well furnished in artillery, and to be strong 
 in cavalry, an arm in which we were ourselves lamentably 
 deficient : — and they were animated by every motive of 
 hostility and vengeance that could be supplied to men 
 conscious of having irretrievably committed themselves 
 by the inflammatory exhortations of Hindoo and Maho- 
 medan fanatics of reputed sanctity, and by the scornful 
 
129 
 
 taunts to which they were subjected by the spirited 
 mother of the boy-king. 
 
 6. Such was the position assigned to the 1st division 
 on the 27th of November last ; and to enable it to 
 perform the duties that must devolve on it, his Excel- 
 lency increased its strength to 4,442 men of all arms, 
 Europeans and natives. See below. 
 
 But his Excellency is aware that, of this nominal 
 force, a detachment 540 strong (subsequently reinforced 
 by 100 Europeans) was ordered to be kept at Bunnee, 
 12 miles off, where, though of service in keeping open 
 our rear, and preserving the bridge over which the army 
 had to return when advancing to the reduction of 
 Lucknow, they were obviously of little use to this divi- 
 vision in the special duty assigned to it of holding the 
 plain of Alumbagh. 
 
 CORPS. 
 
 Artillery 
 
 Catalry. 
 Military Train 
 Volunteer Cavalry 
 12th Irregular Cavalry. 
 Oude L-regular Cavalry 
 
 Infantry. 
 5th Fusiliers . 
 84th Foot 
 75tli Foot 
 78th Highlanders . 
 90th Light Infantry . 
 1st Madras Fusiliers . 
 Ferozepore Regiment . 
 Madras Sappers . 
 27th Madras Native Infantry 
 
 Total . 
 Grand Total, Europeans and Natives 
 
 Details. 
 
 Europeans 
 
 332 
 
 221 
 
 67 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 526 
 
 431 
 
 355 
 
 439 
 
 591 
 
 411 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 3,395 
 
 Natives. 
 
 108 
 
 40 
 37 
 
 295 
 110 
 
 457 
 
 1,047 
 
 4,442 
 
 7. Our original force was therefore in reality con- 
 siderably less than 4,000 of all ranks. Of these the 
 forts of Alumbagh and Jellalabad absorbed about 6OO 
 9 
 
130 
 
 men^ brigade and camp duties 450 more, and thus, after 
 deducting sick and wounded, there remained of all arms 
 and ranks (European and native) little more than 2,000, 
 available for action during the absence of the convoys 
 (averaging 450 men) which we had fortnightly to send to 
 Cawnpore. These were on the road for about two- 
 thirds of each month ; and of their departure and return 
 the enemy were of course as well informed as ourselves. 
 
 8. The military topography of the locality, and our 
 grazing exigencies, rendered it impossible to reduce the 
 circumference of our camp, and its outworks, to less 
 than 10 miles and 1,200 yards.* And on our small 
 force there devolved the duty not only of defending this 
 large and incompact position against a foe who could 
 have brought large bodies of troops to bear against us 
 simultaneously at several distant points, but of supply- 
 ing foraging parties, and of being prepared to move out 
 beyond our limits to meet the enemy, whenever by his 
 attempts to cut off our communications, to menace 
 Bunnee or Cawnpore, or by other hostile demonstrations, 
 he might render such an operation necessary. 
 
 9. Between the 27th November and the 12th February, 
 his Excellency had, at great inconvenience to himself, 
 sent us reinforcements, European and native, to the 
 extent of 1,216 men, together with several pieces of 
 ordnance. And on the 12th and 13th February, he 
 furnished us with a body of sappers and miners, amount- 
 
 * Memorandum. 
 
 Length of Lines from Picquet to Picqitet, enclosing the Position defended by 
 \st Division. 
 
 Jellalabad to Alumbagh . . . 4,400 yards. 
 
 Alumbagh to left front village . . 2,600 „ 
 
 Left front to left rear village . . 3,900 „ 
 
 I>eft rear village to rear i)icquet . . 2,400 „ 
 
 Rear picquet to Jellalabad . . . 5,500 „ 
 
 Total yards , . 18,800 
 Or a total of 10 miles and 1,200 yards. 
 
 W. R. MooRSOM, Lieutenant, Deputy Quartermaster- General. 
 
131 
 
 ing to about 1,200 men. Of these 700 were undrilled, 
 yet they were most acceptable, and may be considered 
 an equivalent for the 75th Regiment, of which we were 
 deprived on the following day. On the 22nd our strength 
 was further increased by the 1st Bengal Fusiliers, num- 
 bering 587 of all ranks. And on the 24th we were 
 additionally reinforced by two squadrons of Dragoons, a 
 troop of Horse Artillery, and Hodson's Horse. 
 
 10. But in bringing the claims of this division to his 
 Excellency's consideration, I think it but fair to remind 
 him, that when on the 22nd December we moved out to 
 surprise a strong force of the enemy threatening to cut 
 off our communications, our reinforcements amounted to 
 only 340 details and recruits ; that when, on the 12th 
 January we repulsed 30,000 of the enemy, our reinforce- 
 ments aggregated less than 600 ; and that the Sikh 
 Cavalry, with the accompanying European details, which 
 reached us with the return convoy on the 1 6th January, 
 only arrived in time to see us again inflict on the foe a 
 still heavier repulse. 
 
 11. Although the successes which the division has 
 achieved, whenever it has come into contact with the 
 enemy, were purchased at the very trifling loss of a few 
 casualties on our side on each occasion, the troops are, I 
 consider, not less deserving of credit for the unflinching 
 front with which they have withstood and held in check 
 an enemy numbering such odds.* 
 
 * Memokaxdcm. 
 
 Strength of the Enemy on the 26th of January, 1858, as ascertained by Captain 
 
 Alexander Orr, of the Intelligence Department, 
 
 37 Regiments of Sepoys, including Oude Force . . 27,550 
 
 14 Ditto of new Levies 5,400 
 
 106 Ditto ofNujeebs 55,150 
 
 26 Ditto of Regular and Irregular Cavalry . 7,100 
 Camel Corps 300 
 
 Total . 95,500 
 Artillery. 
 Guns of all sorts and calibres, not including wall pieces, and the guns brought 
 from Futtehpore, 131. Number of artillerymen not known. The above is 
 
 9—2 
 
132 
 
 12. That their gallant demeanour was the cause of 
 our remaining comparatively unmolested, I have no 
 doubt. For though wc have only had five engagements 
 of sufficient importance to be reported to his Excellency, 
 the enemy has frequently, and of late with increasing 
 frequency, appeared in force, with the evident intention 
 of simultaneously assaulting us at different points ; but 
 on finding us prepared to receive him, he has deemed it 
 prudent to relinquish his designs, and remained satisfied 
 with replying from a distance to the accurate fire of our 
 artillery, from which it could easily be seen he sustained 
 considerable loss. 
 
 13. These manifestations have not only been more 
 numerous, but have been characterized by a greater 
 boldness, within the last fortnight, a fact susceptible of 
 easy explanation. The vast and daily augmenting accu- 
 mulation of stores of all kinds lately forwarded to this 
 camp in view of the impending operations, have greatly 
 excited the alarm of the enemy ; and it has become 
 obvious to him that by the dispersion of this divi- 
 sion, and the destruction of our material, he can 
 alone hope to avert, or even delay, the terrible retri- 
 bution that awaits him at the hands of the Commander- 
 in-Chief. 
 
 14. It is almost superfluous to say, that where men 
 have behaved so well in the field as the troops of the 1st 
 Division, they must have been in a high state of disci- 
 pline. Such has, indeed, been the case ; and their 
 admirable conduct must be held all the more praise- 
 worthy when we consider the extreme exposure and dis- 
 
 exclusiye of the armed followers of the Talookdars and Zemindars still at Luck- 
 now on the 26th of January, amounting, at the lowest calculation, to 20,000 
 men, exclusive of the armed budmashes of the city, and exclusive also of four or 
 five regiments that fled to Lucknow from Futtehghur with three to five guns, 
 amounting to certainly not less than 3,000. The total aggregate of hostile 
 forces at Lucknow on the 26th January, not less than 120,000 of all arms. Since 
 that date several of the Zemindaree troops have left; but their place has been 
 much more than supplied by the regiments ordered in from the district. 
 
133 
 
 comfort the whole of them have had to endure from the 
 loss of their warm clothing, and our deficiency of 
 tentage, and that most of them had already sustained 
 much privation during the seven weeks they were 
 besieged in Lucknow. 
 
 15. This gratifying state of matters, as his Excellency 
 will readily imagine, has been in no small degree due to 
 the kindness, care, and attention which the officers of 
 all arms and ranks have bestowed on their men, and to 
 the earnest anxiety with which they have endeavoured 
 at all times to promote their comfort and provide for 
 their amusement. 
 
 16. From first to last, all alike, officers and men, have 
 acquitted themselves most admirably; and I cannot 
 therefore refrain from this recapitulation of the services 
 of my comrades, and that before the commencement of 
 the approaching operations — lest it may be out of my 
 power to testify hereafter to their devotion, discipline, 
 and bravery. 
 
 17. I am certain that neither his Excellency nor their 
 country will forget the heroic troops whom it has been 
 my proud privilege to command ; and to his Excellency's 
 kind consideration I now commend them. In doinff so 
 I must crave permission to depart from the usual for- 
 mality of making special recommendations, for I feel 
 that to do so would involve injustice to all those oflScers 
 whose names might be omitted. As a matter of course 
 I am under the very deepest obligations to the Com- 
 mandants of Brigades, Regiments, Detachments, and 
 Outposts, and to the members of the Divisional Brigade 
 and personal Staffs, for the zealous, earnest, and most 
 valuable aid they have rendered me on all occasions. 
 But I feel that my obligations are equally great to every 
 officer in the force ; for every officer has exerted himself 
 
134 
 
 as if the safety and reputation of the force depended 
 exclusively on his individual exertions. 
 
 18. There is, however, one officer in whose favour I 
 am bound to depart from the rule of silence which I 
 have prescribed for myself. I refer to Colonel Berkeley, 
 of her Majesty's 32nd Regiment, who has since the 
 25th November been continuously on my Staff, either 
 in the capacity of Military Secretary and head of the 
 Adjutant- General's Department, or in that of Acting 
 Deputy Quartermaster- General, and whose invaluable 
 services I have not hitherto had an opportunity of 
 adequately bringing to his Excellency's notice. Colonel 
 Berkeley has discharged with signal ability and zeal the 
 duties of both the offices in which he has acted. Both 
 in the camp and in the field he has rendered me the 
 most hearty co-operation ; and in action with the enemy 
 his personal gallantry has been most conspicuous. He 
 possesses, to an extent I have rarely seen equalled, the 
 power of securing the confidence, acquiring the respect, 
 and winning the personal regard of those with whom he 
 is thrown into contact; and to the combined firmness 
 and tact with which Colonel Berkeley has discharged 
 his duties, do I attribute, in no small degree, the satis- 
 factory state of matters to which I have had the honour 
 of soliciting his Excellency's attention. 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Major- General, 
 
 Commanding 1st Division. 
 
 [The subjoined despatches refer to the several actions In which 
 the First Division was engaged, while defending the position of 
 the Alumbagli.] 
 
135 
 
 General Orders by his Excellency the Commander- 
 in-Chief. 
 
 Adjutant GeneraVs Office^ 
 
 Calcutta, 7th January, 1858. 
 
 By the Right Honourable the Governor- General of 
 India in Council. 
 
 Fort William, 5th January, 1858. 
 
 The Right Honourable the Governor- General in 
 Council has much satisfaction in publishing the follow- 
 ing report of a successful attack made by a portion of 
 the troops under command of Major- General Sir James 
 Outram, G.C.B., on a body of the enemy in the neigh- 
 bourhood of his camp, on the 22nd December last. His 
 Lordship in Council concurs in the commendation given 
 by his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief to Sir James 
 Outram and the officers and men under his command 
 on the occasion. 
 
 The Deputy Adjutant- General of the Army, to the 
 Secretary to the Government of India, Military 
 Department. 
 
 Head-quarters, Camp Poora, December, 1857. 
 
 I have tlie honour, by desire of the Commander-in-Chief, to enclose 
 for the information of the Right Honourable the Governor-General of 
 India in Council, copy of a despatch of the 23rd instant, from Major- 
 General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., reporting the circumstances of a suc- 
 cessful attack made upon a portion of the enemy in the neighbourhood 
 of his camp by a detachment of the troops under the major-general's 
 command, in which four guns were captured; and I am to state that 
 his Excellency considers the whole affair to have been extremely well 
 conducted, and to reflect much credit on the troops engaged. 
 
 I have, &c 
 
 H. W. NoRJiAN, Major, 
 Deputy Adjutant' General of the Army. 
 
136 
 
 Major- General Sir J. Outram^ G. C.B., Commanding 
 Troops in Oude, to the Deputy Adjutant- General 
 of the Army. 
 
 Camp before Lucknow, 23rd Deceivber, 1857. 
 
 I have the honour to report, for the information of his Excellency the 
 Commander-in-Chief, that I had yesterday an aifair with the enemy at 
 a village called Guilee, three miles hence, situated a little to the right 
 of the road to Dilkhoosha. 
 
 I had been informed two days previously, by my spies, that the 
 enemy contemplated surrounding my position, in order to cut off sup- 
 plies, stop all foraging expeditions, and to intercept my communication 
 with Bunnee. With this object they despatched a force to Guilee, 
 which took up a position between that village and Budroop, which 
 places are about a mile distant from each other. 
 
 On the evening of the 21st instant, I learnt that the rebels had been 
 reinforced, and that their strength amounted to about 4,000 infantry, 
 400 cavalry, and 8 field guns.* 
 
 Having ascertained that a space of about half a mile intervened 
 between their position and the gardens skirting the canal and the 
 Dilkhoosha, I moved out at 5 a.m., in the hope of surprising them at 
 day-break, and intercepting their retreat to the city, with a force 
 detailed in the accompanying divisional order, which I have this day 
 issued, and to which I beg to refer his Excellency for all details, and 
 for the terms in which I express my appreciation of the conduct of the 
 troops on the occasion. 
 
 The main body of the enemy being on the march considerably in 
 advance, retreated to the city by a detour to the left, out of our reach, 
 and concealed by intervening topes of trees, on hearing the attack on 
 their rear; but the loss of four horse artillery guns, much ammunition, 
 besides elephants and baggage, and some fifty or sixty men slain, will, 
 I think, deter the enemy fi-om again venturing beyond their defensive 
 works, or at any rate from attempting, for some time to come, to carry 
 out their plan of surrounding this camp within a too hmited circum- 
 ference; and I have great hopes that the success of this expedition will 
 be productive of good efiect in restoring confidence to the neighbouring 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Division Order issued by Major-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B. 
 
 Camp Ahwibagh, 23rd December, 1857. 
 
 1. Major-General Sir James Outram has much pleasure in recording 
 in division orders, his satisfaction with the conduct of the officers and 
 men (quoted in margin), f under the command of Brigadier Stisted, 
 
 * Since ascertained to have been only 4; all of which were captured. 
 
 f 2 9-pounder guns, E. A., Captain Maude; 4 ditto 2nd co. 3rd batt., B.A., 
 Captain Olpherts; 112 military train, Major Robertson; 50 volunteer cavalry, 
 Captain Barrow; 36 irregular cavalry, Lieuts. Hay and Graham; 400 H.M.'s 
 5th Fusiliers, Colonel Guy j 103 H.M.'s 75th Kegiment, Captain Brooks; 156 
 
137 
 
 engaged yesterday in the skirmish at Guilee, in which four guns and 
 twelve waggons filled with ammunition were captured. 
 
 2. The right column, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Purnell, her Majesty's 90th Regiment, consisting of detachments of the 
 78th and 90th Regiments, and of the Ferozepore Regiment of Sikhs, 
 excited his admiration by the gallant way in which, with a cheer, they 
 dashed at a strong position held by the enemy, and from which they 
 were met by a heavy fire. Regardless of the overwhelming numbers 
 and six guns reported to be posted there, the suddenness of the attack, 
 and the spirited way in which it was executed, resulted in the imme- 
 diate flight of the enemy, with hardly a casualty on our side. 
 
 3. Colonel Guy, in command of the left column consisting of 400 
 men of her Majesty's 5th Fusiliers, under the guidance of Lieutenant 
 Moorsom, deputy-assistant quartermaster-general, was equally success- 
 ful in his simultaneous attack on the adjacent village of Guilee, in which, 
 and the adjoining tope, two guns were captured. 
 
 4. The enemy were now rapidly foUoAved up across the plain by the 
 Volunteer Cavalry, under Captain Barrow, until they found refuge in 
 a village, from which they opened a fire of grape and musketry. They 
 were, however, speedily dislodged, by the assistance of two of Captain 
 Olphert's guns, under the command of Lieutenant Smithett, and 
 changing their line of retreat, they endeavoured to reach the city by 
 the way of the Dilkhoosha. 
 
 5. The Military Train, under Major Robertson, having been, how- 
 ever, despatched to make a flank movement, followed them up so 
 rapidly that they dispersed their cavaliy, and drove their guns into a 
 liivine, where they were captured, the leading horses, of which the 
 traces were cut, only escaping. 
 
 6. The Major-General was particularly pleased with the very cool 
 and soldier-like behaviour of the Military Train. Far ahead of the 
 infantry, and imable to remove the guns which were captured, they 
 Avere menaced in their front by a large body of fresh troops from the 
 city, and attacked on their right flank by the main body of the enemy, 
 consisting of about 2,000 infantry, who had commenced their march 
 previously to our attack, and who, on hearing their rear assailed, also 
 changed their route to one in the direction of the city, but on seeing 
 their guns in possession of so small a force as that under Major Robert- 
 son, made demonstrations of an attempt to regain them ; but by the 
 bold front shown by the Military Train, and the gallant advance of 
 their skirmishers, they were held at bay, until the arrival of a party 
 of the 5th Fusiliers and two 9-pounder guns, under Captain Olpherts, 
 completely secured the capture of the guns, and enabled a working 
 party of the Madras Sappers, under the command of Lieutenant 
 Ogilvie, to extricate them from the ravine into which they had been 
 
 H.M.'s 78th Highlanders, Captain Lockhart; 108 H.M.'s 84th Eegiment, Captain 
 O'Brien; 270 H.M.'s 90th Light Infantry, Captain Guise; 150 regiment of 
 Ferozepore, Captain Brasyer ; 40 Madras Sappers, Lieut. Ogilvie. Total — 
 6 9 pounder guns, unier Captain Olplierts ; 190 cavalry, under Major Robertson ; 
 1,227 infantry, under Brigadier Stisted; right column, under Lieut.-Col. Purnell, 
 H.M.'s 90th Light Infantry; left column, under Colonel Guy, 5th Fusiliers; 
 reserve, under Lieut. -Colonel llamiltou, li.M.'s 78th Highlanders. 
 
138 
 
 driven. Captain Hutchinson, chief engineer, on tliis, as on several 
 other occasions during the day, afforded much valuable assistance. 
 
 7. The Major-General has to thank Lieutenant- Colonel H. Hamilton, 
 commanding the reserve, for the good position taken up by him, which, 
 with the fire of the two guns under Lieutenant Simpson, which were 
 most jiidiciously posted, was of great assistance in checking the ad- 
 vance of the enemy during the protracted operations of removing the 
 captured guns. 
 
 8. Sir James Outram has also to express his acknowledgments to 
 Brigadiers Hamilton and Eyre, who were left in charge of the camp, 
 and with the small force at their disposal checked the dispositions for 
 an attack which the enemy was commencing with their skirmishers on 
 the left flank, until the return of the force to camp caused them to 
 abandon their intentions. 
 
 9. It will be the pleasing duty of the Major-General to make his 
 Excellency the Commander-in-Chief acquainted with the successful 
 result of yesterday's operations, and his approbation of the conduct of 
 all those concerned in them. 
 
 Supplement to Division Orders. 
 
 In publishing to the troops under his command the return of casual 
 ties which occurred in the skirmish at Guilee on the 22nd instant, a 
 well as the return of ordnance captured, the Major-General is happy to 
 have to record his approval of the conduct of Staff-Sergeant Eoddy 
 who was in command of the two guns attached to Colonel Guy's column 
 and whom his commanding officer. Captain Olpherts, has mentioned for 
 the able way in which he brought his guns into action, and the good 
 service he rendered in covering the rapid advance of the column. 
 
 Major Eobertson has also brought to his notice the great assistance 
 he received on every occasion from Captain Lane, 5th Bengal Light 
 Cavalry ; and Lieutenant Rich, her Majesty's 9th Lancers, attached to 
 the Military Train. 
 
 General Orders by His Excellency the 
 Commander-in-Chief, 
 
 Adjutant- GeneraVs Office, Calcutta, Feh. 4, 1858. 
 
 By the Right Honourable the Governor- General of 
 India in Council. 
 
 Fort William, 2^th January/, 1858. 
 
 The Right Honourable the Governor- General of 
 
 India in Council is pleased to direct the publication 
 
 of the following despatch from Major-General Sir 
 
 James Outram, G.C.B., reporting the repulse of a 
 
139 
 
 large body of the enemy, who made an unsuccessful 
 attack on his position on the 12th instant. 
 
 His Lordship in Council expresses his entire satis- 
 faction with the manner in which Major- General Sir 
 J. Outram, G.C.B., has conducted this affair, and with 
 the behaviour of our troops engaged on the occasion. 
 
 The Assistant Adjutant- General of the Army to the 
 
 Secretary to the Government of India, Military 
 
 Department. 
 
 Head- Quarters ^ Camp, Fettehghur, Idth January, 1858. 
 I liave the lionotir, by desire of the Commander-in-Chief, to enclose 
 for the information of the Eight Honourable the Governor-General in 
 Council, copy of a despatch* from Major-General Sir James Outram, 
 G.C.B., reporting the repulse of a large body of the enemy, who made 
 an unsuccessful attack on his position on the 12th instant. 
 
 2. Sir James Outram's dispositions appear to have been made with 
 such forethought as to enable him to inflict considerable loss on the 
 rebels without unnecessarily exposing his own troops. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 D. M. Steward, Captain, 
 Assistant- Adjutant-General of the Army. 
 
 Major- General J. Outram, Commanding in Oude to 
 General TV. R. Mansfield, Chief of the Staff of 
 the Army in the East Indies. 
 
 Camp, Ahmibagh, llth January, 1858. 
 
 I have the honour to inform his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief 
 that the rebels of Lucknow attacked my position this morning, and 
 were repulsed with considerable loss. 
 
 In consequence of reports that Mansoob Allie was collecting men 
 and receiving reinforcements from Lucknow to intercept my communi- 
 cations, I sent a stronger escort than usual with my convoy now on its 
 way from Cawnpore, consisting of 450 infantry, 4 guns, and 80 cavalry. 
 
 The rebels were encouraged by this reduction of my force to medi- 
 tate an attack, of which I received information for several days, and 
 yesterday evening more definite accounts led me to expect them at 
 sunrise this morning. I therefore made such dispositions of my force 
 and outposts as were necessary, and the troops breakfasted at daybreak, 
 and were all in readiness. 
 
 About sunrise this morning, large masses of the enemy were seen on 
 
 * Dated 12th of January, 1858. 
 
140 
 
 my left front, and tliey gradually spread round the whole front and 
 flanks of my position, extending from opposite to our left rear outpost 
 to near Jellahabad on our right, a distance of at least six miles, and 
 they amounted, at the lowest estimation, to 30,000 men. 
 
 As soon as their movements were decidedly in advance, the brigades 
 — the right mustering 713 and the left 733 Europeans, and 100 men 
 of the regiment of Ferozepore — were formed in front of their lines. 
 
 The enemy first advanced upon my left front and flank, covered by 
 a large body of skirmishers, on which I detached two regiments of the 
 left brigade to support the outposts, and extended in skirmishing order 
 on their flanks, whilst the third regiment was held in reserve ; at the 
 same time Major Olpherts, with four horse battery guns, supported by 
 a detachment of the military train, was directed to check the enemy on 
 my left rear, where their cavalry showed in the greatest strength. The 
 volunteer and native cavalry were drawn up to protect the rear of the 
 camp, which at this time appeared to be threatened. 
 
 The right brigade remained on its ground. 
 
 As soon as the enemy were fairly within range they were exposed to 
 a severe fire of artillery from Alumbagh, and from the advanced bat- 
 teries of my outposts on the left front and centre, and fled with the 
 utmost precipitation without having come within musket range, except 
 at the left centre outpost commanded by Captain Down, 1st Madras 
 Fusiliers, where a considerable number entered a grove of trees usually 
 occupied by our outlying picquets, fi-om which they were driven in a 
 few minutes by the skirmishers of the outpost. 
 
 On the left rear, Major Olpherts moved out his guns at a gallop, and 
 advancing well to his front, completely drove off" and dispersed a very 
 large body of infantry and cavalry which was endeavouring to pene- 
 trate to our rear, turning them back towards the city, and doing much 
 execution by the fire of his guns on their masses at 500 yards. 
 
 At this time I received a report that Alumbagh and my right 
 advanced outpost of Jellalabad were threatened ; and on proceeding to 
 the right I fovmd that the enemy had brought three horse artillery 
 guns, supported by an immense mass of infantry, against the picquet 
 which connects my right with Jellalabad, and which had been strength- 
 ened to 100 men with two guns. I moved the regiment of Ferozepore 
 and the 5th Fusihers, with two guns of Moir's Bullock Battery, from 
 the right brigade to the front, taking the enemy in flank and driving 
 them back. They were then exposed to the fire of Maude's guns from 
 Alumbagh, which played npon them with great effect. 
 
 About this time the enemy again advanced on the left front and 
 flank, their cavalry on this occasion being more to the front than 
 before. A party of the latter galloped up to the rifle-pits in front of 
 the left advanced outpost ; but Alexander's and Clarke's guns opened 
 on them and drove them back in confusion. 
 
 About the same time the enemy on the right, again advancing from 
 the heavy cover of groves and villages into which they had retreated, 
 reopened their guns on the Jellalabad picquet, but were finally silenced 
 and driven off" by the fire of Moir's two guns, which had been sent to 
 the picquet to reinforce it, and to replace the two guns originally there, 
 Avhich had been withdrawn to Jellalabad, 
 
141 
 
 Simultaneously with the attack above described, the enemy advanced 
 upon Alumbagh, and established themselves in the nearest cover, not- 
 withstanding that they were seen to suiFer severely from the artillery 
 and rifle fire. About noon they also advanced into the open ground, 
 and were immediately dispersed and driven back by the fire of Maude's 
 guns and the riflemen from Alumbagh. 
 
 By four o'clock p.m. the whole of the enemy had disappeared, and 
 retired to the city or to their original positions in the gardens and 
 villages in our front. 
 
 Nothing could exceed the eagerness of the troops to come in contact 
 -with the rebels, nor their disappointment at their precipitate flight to 
 the cover of their works the moment the guns opened and our line of 
 skirmishers advanced. 
 
 The artillery made excellent practice on the masses of the enemy, 
 and in reply to the fire from their batteries, which was maintained on 
 our outposts and Alumbagh with little intermission. 
 
 The casualties amount to one officer slightly, three privates slightly, 
 and two severely wounded. 
 
 I take this opportunity of sending a return of casualties during the 
 last fortnight, including to-day's. 
 
 The steadiness of the troops, and the promptitude \fith which my 
 orders were carried out by my officers, gives me every assurance that 
 the enemy's attack, if it had been as formidable as their forces were 
 numerous, would have been as signally defeated. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Major-General, 
 
 Commanding in Oude. 
 
 Numerical Return of Casualties in the Field Force, under the command 
 of Major-General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., from 22th December up 
 to the present date. 
 
 Camp Alumbagh, 12th January, 1858. 
 
 
 Killed. 
 
 WotrsDED. 
 
 
 Detail. 
 
 CO 
 
 s 
 o 
 
 
 ■i 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 'u 
 
 P-l 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 Beuabes. 
 
 Artillery 
 
 *i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 tl 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 tl 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 §2 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 * Lieut. Gordon, 1st Co., 
 
 H. M.'s 5th Fusiliers... 
 „ 75th Foot 
 
 1st Madras Fusiliers... 
 Regt. of Ferozepore ... 
 
 Total 
 
 5thBatt., 9th Jan., 1858. 
 t 29th Dec, 1857. 
 X 12th Jan., 1858, Lieut. 
 
 Hennessy, 34th N. I. 
 12th Jan., 1858. 
 Ditto ditto. 
 § l\vounded,Dec. 30,1857. 
 
 1 ditto, Jan. 12,1858. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J. Outram, Major-General, 
 
 Commanding 1st Division. 
 
142 
 
 General Orders by His Excellency the 
 Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Adjutant- General's Office, 
 
 Calcutta, February 18, 1858. 
 
 By the Honourable the President of the Council of 
 India in Council. 
 
 Fort William, \2th February, 1858. 
 In continuation of G. G. O., No. 182 of the 29th 
 January, 1858, the Honourable the President of the 
 Council of India in Council has much satisfaction in 
 publishing the following despatch from Major- General 
 Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., commanding in Oude, report- 
 ing the result of an attack made on his position by the 
 enemy on the l6th January, 1858. 
 
 Major-General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., Commanding 
 in Oude, to General Mansfield, Chief of the Staff 
 of the Army in the East Indies. 
 
 Camp Alumbagh, 17th January, 1858. 
 
 I have tlie honour to report, for the information of his Excellency 
 the Commander-in-Chief, that the enemy made an attack on my position 
 yesterday, similar to that reported in letter of the 12th instant, except 
 that, though they did not show in such general strength, their attack 
 was more bold than before. In the morning they made a sudden 
 attack on the Jellalabad picquet, and were received with a heavy fire, 
 which drove them back immediately, leaving on the ground their leader, 
 a Hindoo devotee representing Hunnoman, who was advancing bravely 
 at their head, and several killed and wounded, whom they were unable 
 to carry off. As they were seen removing many bodies, their loss must 
 have been severe. Two 9-pounders, under Captain Moir, were sent 
 down to support the picquet, and completed the expulsion of the enemy 
 from the cover in its front. 
 
 On the left front and left the enemy advanced skirmishers and 
 threatened during the greater part of the day, suffering severely when- 
 ever they ventured within range. After dark they assembled in great 
 strength in front of my left advanced village outpost, commanded by 
 Major Gordon, 75th Regiment, and attacked it with a large body of 
 infantry, who were allowed to approach Avithin eighty yards of the 
 post, when they were received with discharges of grape from three 
 guns, and a heavy fire from the rifles of the post, which inflicted 
 
143 
 
 very severe loss and drove them off immediately. Some shells from 
 an eight-inch mortar expedited their retreat. The Enfield rifles, and 
 Captain Maude's guns in Alumbagh, had several opportunities of 
 inflicting severe loss on the enemy, which were promptly taken ad- 
 vantage of. A large body of cavalry showed on my left rear, and 
 were safely left to the vigilance of Captain Olpherts, who watched and 
 kept them in check with his four horse battery guns, supported by a 
 detachment of the Military Train under Captain Clarke. 
 The casualties of my force during the day amounted to — 
 
 1 Bombardier, killed ; 
 
 7 European infantry, wounded; 
 
 1 Gunner, wounded by a fall from his gun. 
 
 The judgment and coolness with which Major Gordon defended his 
 post, deserve much praise; he was ably supported by Lieutenant Clarke, 
 commanding the battery. 
 
 Much credit is also due to Lieutenant Wynne, of her Majesty's 90th, 
 who commanded the Jellalabad picquet. 
 
 Also to Lieutenant- Colonel Smith, commanding the post ; and Captain 
 ]\Iaude, commanding the artillery at Alumbagh. 
 
 To Captain Rattray, commanding the infantry ; Lieutenant Gully, 
 commanding the battery of No. 1 advanced outpost on the left; and to 
 the officers and men of their posts for their vigilance and alertness in 
 checking and punishing the enemy at every opportimity. 
 
 H. W. Norman, Major, 
 Deputy Adjutant-General of the Army. 
 
 [The following despatch, not having been published, is sup- 
 posed to have miscarried : — ] 
 
 Major-General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., to the Deputy 
 Adjutant- General of the Army. 
 
 Camp Alimibagh, February 17th, 1858. 
 
 The events that have occurred since my last report, dated the 17th 
 ultimo, have been of no great importance. The enemy have received 
 information of the continual passage of troops and stores along the 
 Cawnpore road, and evince a nervous restlessness which betrays itself 
 in constant assembUes of large bodies of men, both cavalry and in- 
 fantry, and demonstrations of attacks which a few rounds from our 
 nearest guns have in general put an immediate end to. Althorigh these 
 threatened attacks have cost us but very few casualties, they are exces- 
 sively harassing to the troops, whom I am obhged constantly to turn 
 out and keep under arms. 
 
 On the 15th instant a strong body of horsemen, supported by in- 
 fantry, were observed moving towards our left rear. As a convoy was 
 on the road, and a most violent dust storm favourable for them to 
 approach it unobserved was blowing, I ordered out two of Captain 
 
144 
 
 Olpherts' horsed guns, and a troop of the Military Train, to observe 
 their movements. And on a further report of the enemy's increasing 
 strength being made, I supported them with the rest of the battery, the 
 remainder of the Mihtary Train, a detachment of Wale's Horse, and 
 her Majesty's 90th Light Infantry. 
 
 In the meanwhile a portion of the enemy's cavalry and infantry, 
 escorting a person in a palanquin, having advanced well into the open. 
 Captain Olpherts' two guns and the troop of the Military Train galloped 
 to the front and opened on them with grape, killing and wounding 
 several and dispersing the remainder. I have since been informed that 
 it was the Moulvie himself who headed this party, and that he was 
 severely wounded. We lost one havildar of Gun Lascars. 
 
 On the 16th instant the enemy filled their trenches with as many 
 men as they could hold, and assembled in vast numbers under the topes 
 in their rear, while at the same time a body of cavalry and infantry 
 was detached to threaten our left flank. During the morning they 
 made repeated demonstrations of advancing to attack, but their courage 
 apparently as often failed them, and they almost immediately returned 
 to their position. About 5.30 they suddenly issued in clouds of 
 skirmishers from their trenches, advancing for some distance towards 
 our batteries posted on the left and centre of our line, and after open- 
 ing a smart fire of musquetry on the outposts of the left front village, 
 they advanced towards it in large bodies. They were repulsed by the 
 picquet, consisting of two hundred men of the 90th Light Infantry, 
 under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Smith, of that regiment, after 
 losing a good many men, while the 90th had three wounded. As soon 
 as it was dark, they concentrated a very heavy musquetry fire on the 
 north and east faces of the Alumbagh, which they continued for about 
 two hours, but which fortimately did us no harm. They did not all 
 finally retire till 8.30 P. m. Their loss must have been severe, as their 
 flashes gave an excellent line for our guns, which opened on them with 
 shrapnel shell and grape. Our loss during the last two days has been 
 one killed and three wounded. 
 
 To-day they moved about two thousand infantry towards our right 
 rear, apparently with the intention of interrupting the Engineer working 
 parties. I sent three troops of the Military Train, two guns, and a 
 squadron of Wales' Horse, in that direction, and the enemy withdrew 
 towards the city. During their absence, the enemy made a partial 
 advance towards our right and left picquets, but were driven back by 
 the artillery fire. 
 
 The reports from the city state that it is their intention to harass us 
 by continually annoying us in this way, and that attacks are every day 
 to be made from all quarters. This obliges me to keep all my picquets 
 very strong, and, added to this, continually turning out, and latterly 
 the almost daily call for escorts for convoys returning to or coming 
 from Bunnee, renders the duty excessively harassing to the troops. 
 
 I beg to enclose a return of casualties of this force from the 17th 
 January to the 17th February, 1858. 
 
 I have, &c. 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Major- General, 
 Commanding Isi Division. 
 
145 
 
 General Orders by his Excellency the Commander- 
 in-Chief. 
 
 Adjutant General's Office, Calcutta, Qth March, 1858. 
 
 By the Eight Honourable the Governor-General of 
 
 India. 
 
 Camp, Allahabad, 1st March, 1858. 
 The Kight Honourable the Governor- General of 
 India has much satisfaction in publishing the following 
 report, by Major-General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., of 
 the repulse of an attack on his position at Alumbagh, 
 on the morning of the 21st February, 1858, in which 
 the arrangements made by Sir J. Outram were most 
 judicious and effectual, and the conduct of the troops 
 engaged was highly creditable to them. 
 
 Major-General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., commanding 
 1st Division, to the Deputy Adjutant- General of 
 the Army. 
 
 Camp Alumbagh, 21st February, 1858. 
 I havo the honour to report that this morning the enemy attacked 
 my position, and with the usual result. 
 
 2. Having filled all their trenches with as many men as they would 
 hold, and placed large masses of infantry in the topes all along our 
 front in support of them, they commenced a simultaneous movement 
 round about our flanks, at the same time threatening the whole length 
 of our position, and attacking the north-east corner of the Alumbagh, 
 and also the picquet and fort of Jellalabad, against which they brought 
 4 guns. 
 
 3. I, immediately on perceiving their intention, reinforced the posts 
 of Alumbagh and Jellalabad, which easily repiilsed the attacks made 
 on them, and inflicted much loss on the assailants, who had advanced 
 under cover of long grass and underwood, within grape shot range of 
 l)oth these posts. 
 
 4. I detached about 250 cavalry and 2 field guns to the rear of the 
 fort of Jellalabad, under command of Captain Barrow, Volunteer 
 Cavalry, where they suddenly came on about 2,000 of the enemy's 
 cavalry. Our guns immediately opened on them, killing several, which 
 caused them to withdraw to the immediate vicinity of the infantry 
 attacking the fort, in number about 5,000; they reniained there until 
 the attack was abandoned, when they all withdrew towards the city. 
 
 5. The attack on our left flank was made by about from 8,000 to 
 10,000 infantry and 500 cavalry, to oppose whom I sent out the 
 
 10 
 
146 
 
 remaining 4 field guns available, supported by the military train (120 
 in number) under command of Major Robertson, of the military train, 
 keeping the 2nd Infantry Brigade in reserve. The cavalry and guns 
 soon drove back the enemy's cavalry, and their infantry then halted, 
 and on the guns being turned on them soon commenced to retreat also, 
 being followed up by us until within range of their batteries. 
 
 6. A large convoy was on the road at the time, the escort required 
 for which materially crippled our small cavalry force, and prevented 
 anything more being effected than frustrating their attempts to gain 
 our rear and molest our convoy. 
 
 7. The reports from the city state the enemy to have lost 60 killed 
 and 200 wounded in their attack on Almnbagh, and about 80 or 90 
 killed or wounded in front of Jellalabad. This was exclusive of their 
 loss on the left flank, and along our front, where our heavy artillery 
 had constant opportunities of firing shell and shrapnel into the midst 
 of their moving masses. I consider their loss to have been heavier 
 than on any of their previous attacks. 
 
 8. I have the pleasure to state that, as on all former occasions, the 
 conduct of the troops engaged, both efficers and men, was admirable. 
 
 9. Majors Tinling, 90th Light Infantry, and Nicholson, Royal En- 
 gineers, commanded respectively at Alumbagh and Jellalabad, and 
 defended their posts with much spirit. Major Nicholson particularly 
 praises the energy with which Lieutenant Ford, of the Royal Artillery, 
 opposed the fire of the enemy's four guns with the only gun that could 
 be brought to bear on them. 
 
 10. Our loss amounted to nine wounded. 
 A nominal roll is transmitted herewith. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAir, Major-General, 
 
 Commanding \st Division.. 
 
 Head- Quarters, Camp, Caivnpore, 2Ath February, 1858. 
 Forwarded by order of the Commander-in-Chief, to the Secretary to 
 the Government of India, Military Department, for the information of 
 the Right Honourable the Governor-General. 
 
 H. W. NoRJiAN, Major, 
 Deputy-Adjutant-General of the Army. 
 
 General Orders by His Excellency the Commander- 
 in-Chief. 
 
 Adjutant- GeneraVs Office, Calcutta, March 25, 1858. 
 
 By the Right Honourable the Governor- General of 
 India. 
 
 Camp Allahabad, 8th March, 1858. 
 
 The Right Honourable the Governor- General has 
 great pleasure in publishing the accompanying de- 
 
147 
 
 spatch from Major-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., 
 reporting the particulars of an unusually resolute attack 
 on his position, on the 25th of February, 1858, and of 
 its gallant repulse by the troops under his command, to 
 whom, as well as to their distinguished leader, his Lord- 
 ship offers his thanks for the good service rendered on 
 this occasion. 
 
 Major- General Sir' J. Outram, G.C.B., Commanding 
 \st Division, to the Deputy- Adjutant- General of 
 the Army. 
 
 Camp, Alumbagh, 26th February, 1858. 
 I have the honour to report the particulars of the repulse of a deter- 
 mined demonstration, which the enemy made on our position yesterday, 
 the 25th instant. 
 
 2. The principal attack was on our right, against which twenty-four 
 regiments of regular infantry, six Nujeeb corps, 1,000 cavalry, and 
 eight guns moved out from the enemy's trenches ; of this number, about 
 one-half, with two guns, advanced towards our right rear, and having 
 occupied the " topes" immediately to the east of Jellalabad, commenced 
 shelling that post heavily, evidently in the hope of igniting the large 
 quantity of combustible stores at present collected there, while the 
 remainder held in support of the villages and " topes " directly in front 
 of the enemy's outworks. 
 
 3. Large bodies of infantry and cavalry, with three guns, simul- 
 taneously menaced our left, and the trenches in front of our position 
 were occupied in force. 
 
 4. Soon after ten a.m., I moved out with detachments of artillery, 
 cavalry, and infantry, as per accompanying return, to intercept the 
 column which had opened its guns on Jellalabad, having previously 
 sent Barrow's Volunteers and Wale's Horse round, via Nowrungabad, 
 to co-operate in their rear. 
 
 5. As we advanced, a portion of the enemy's reserve made a de- 
 monstration against our left ; but were speedily driven back, and 
 afterwards held in check by the four guns of Remmington's Troop, 
 supported by a squadron of the 7th Hvissars, under Colonel Hagart 
 and by Brasyer's Sikhs. 
 
 6. The column then moved forward, flanked on the left by Brigadier 
 Campbell, with the native cavalry, which pushed on in advance to 
 intercept the enemy's retreat, which owing to their having heard the 
 lire of Eemmingtou's guns, proved more sudden than we had antici- 
 pated. The manoeuvre was completely successful, and speedily con- 
 verted their retreat into a rout, Brigadier Campbell's detachment 
 nssailing them on one side, while Barrow's and Wale's Horse appeared 
 on the opposite quarter, and the Military Train, under Captain Robert- 
 son, dashed into the middle of the flying enemy and captured their 
 
 10—2 
 
148 
 
 two guns. The rapidity of tlieir flight prevented the infantry from 
 taking a prominent part in the action. At one p.m., when we finally 
 left the field, the foe had vanished. 
 
 7. In the meantime the hostile forces on the left of my position had 
 retired before the very effective fire of Moir's guns, not liking the look 
 of the arrangements which had been prepared by Brigadier Franklyn, 
 who had been left in command of the camp, for their reception. 
 
 8. Judging from the corpses which strewed the field where the 
 cavalry had charged, and from the dense masses upon which our 
 guns repeatedly opened, the enemy's casualties must have been heavy. 
 Our loss consisted, of four men killed, five officers, and twenty men 
 wounded. 
 
 9. My cordial acknowledgments are due to all the officers and men 
 who conducted and took part in these operations, but especially to the 
 military train, whose brilliant charge excited the enthusiasm of all who 
 witnessed it. 
 
 10. Colonel Berkeley, my able and zealous military secretary, whose 
 knowledge of the ground was of great service to Brigadier Campell in 
 cutting off the enemy's retreat, was wounded while gallantly charging 
 at the head of Hodson's Horse, as was Lieutenant Moorsom while ren- 
 dering to Barrow and Wale assistance similar to that which Colonel 
 Berkeley afforded the Brigadier. 
 
 11. About four, P.M., the enemy again moved out against us. On 
 this occasion they directed their principal efforts against our left, and 
 evinced more spirit and determination than they had hitherto done. 
 Eepeatedly they advanced Avithin grape and musket range, and as they 
 ever met with a warm reception from our guns and Enfields, especially 
 from those of the left front picquet, commanded by Major Master, of 
 the 5th Fusiliers, they must have suffered severely.* They renewed 
 their fire from to time during the night; but solely, I believe, with the 
 object of covering the parties engaged in moving their dead. Our loss 
 in this subsequent operation amounted to one man killed and fourteen 
 wounded. In all five men killed and thirty-five officers and men 
 Wounded. 
 
 12. The conduct of the troops throughout the entire day and night 
 was excellent at every point, and merits the highest commendation. 
 
 The usual returns of ordnance captured and of casualties are hereby 
 forwarded. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Major-General, 
 
 Commanding 1st Division. 
 
 * Information has since been received, which states the enemy's loss through- 
 out the day to have been between 400 and 500. 
 
PART 11. 
 THE FINAL CAPTUEE OF LDCKNOW. 
 
THE 
 
 FINAL CAPTURE OF LUCKNOW. 
 
 [While Sir James Outram was engaged in the way we have 
 seen, in keeping the insurgents at bay in the vicinity of Luck- 
 now, the Commander-in-Chief had been busily collecting rein- 
 forcements for the final capture of that city and the subjugation 
 of the revolted chiefs. The arrangements for surrounding the 
 mutineers were most carefully made, and when the time aiTived 
 for striking the final blow. Sir Colin Campbell advanced at the 
 head of 18,000 magnificently appointed men. General Franks 
 and Brigadier Hope Grant had been doing good service in the 
 meanwhile, and so soon as the Commander-in-Chiefs force 
 reached the Alumbagh, Sir James Outram led the advanced 
 division of the army of retribution across the Goomtee, and took 
 post to the east of Lucknow. The rest of the glorious story is 
 told by the despatches themselves.] 
 
 General Orders by His Excellency the Commandeii- 
 
 in-Chief. 
 
 Adjutant- GeneraVs Office^ 
 
 Calcutta^ April 16, 1858. 
 
 By the Kight Honourable the Governor- General of 
 India. 
 
 Allahabad, April 5, 1858. 
 
 The Right Honourable the Governor- General having 
 now received the despatches from his Excellency the 
 
152 
 
 Commander-in-Chief, giving an account of the re-taking 
 of Lucknow by the force under his Excellency's personal 
 command, is pleased to publish them for general infor- 
 mation. 
 
 In December last, it became the grateful duty of the 
 Governor- General in Council to promulgate in General 
 Orders, the announcement of the relief of the garrison 
 of Lucknow, so admirably achieved by General Sir 
 Colin Campbell, G.GB., and the rescue of the women 
 and children, sick and wounded, long beleaguered there. 
 It is now the Governor- General's privilege to convey to 
 his Excellency the tribute of his highest admiration, of 
 his most cordial congratulations, on the capture of the 
 strong city of the rebels. 
 
 From the 2nd till the l6th of March, a series of 
 masterly operations took place, by which the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief, nobly supported in his well-laid plans 
 of attack by the ability and skill of the general officers, 
 and by the indomitable bravery and resolution of the 
 officers and men of all arms, drove the rebels succes- 
 sively from all their strongly fortified posts, till the 
 whole fell into the possession of our troops. 
 
 That this great success should have been accom- 
 plished at so little cost of valuable lives, enhances the 
 honour due to the leader who has achieved it. 
 
 It is a pleasure to the Governor- General to acknow- 
 ledge publicly the services of the General and other 
 officers who took part in the capture of Lucknow. 
 
 Durino- the last days of the operations, the Nepaulese 
 force, under Maharajah Jung Bahadoor, was associated 
 with the army under General Sir Colin Campbell's 
 command. 
 
 To the distinguished leader of that force, the Maha- 
 rajah Jung Bahadoor, the Governor-General desires to 
 express his thanks for the hearty co-operation which the 
 
153 
 
 Commander-in-Chief received from his Highness, and 
 for the gallant bearing of his Highness' troops. 
 
 To Major-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., the 
 Government of India is under a new debt of gratitude. 
 After having held the exposed post of Alumbagh for 
 more than three months, in the face of powerful bodies 
 of rebels, whose attacks he never failed to repel, Sir 
 James Outram has further greatly distinguished himself 
 at the head of the 1st Division, by the brilliant and 
 thoroughly complete manner in which he executed the 
 duties entrusted to him. The Governor- General re- 
 quests that Sir James Outram will accept his most 
 sincere thanks. 
 
 His lordship offers his hearty acknowledgments to 
 the other General officers whose services are promi- 
 nently noticed in these despatches. 
 
 To Major-General Mansfield, Chief of the Staff, of 
 whose eminent services the Commander-in-Chief speaks 
 with well-merited commendation. 
 
 To Major-General Sir Archdale Wilson, Bart., K.C.B., 
 in chief command of the artillery, who, after winning 
 lasting renown in the capture of Delhi, has borne a con- 
 spicuous part in the reduction of Lucknow. 
 
 To Major-General Sir J. Hope Grant, K.C.B., com- 
 manding the cavalry of the force, to Brigadier- Gen oral 
 Franks, C.B., Brigadier- General Walpole, and Briga- 
 dier-General Sir Edward Lugard, K.C.B., commanding 
 the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Divisions of Infantry. 
 
 The Governor-General has to record his acknow- 
 ledgments to Captain Sir William Peel, K.C.B., com- 
 manding the Naval Brigade of H. M.'s ship Shannon, 
 and to offer his especial thanks to him for his remark- 
 able services. 
 
 The Governor- General entirely concurs with his Ex- 
 
154 
 
 cellency the Commander-in-Chief in prominently recog- 
 nizing the great skill and ability of Brigadier Napier, 
 who commanded the Engineers of her Majesty's and the 
 East India Company's services, forming part of the force. 
 Brigadier Napier is especially entitled to the thanks of 
 the Governor- General, and to him, to Colonel Harness, 
 commanding the Koyal Engineers, and to the several 
 officers under them, of both the services, his Lordship's 
 grateful acknowledgments are offered. 
 
 The Governor- General has much satisfaction in ex- 
 pressing his high sense of the merits of the several 
 officers commanding brigades and regiments. 
 
 To the commanding officers of the Boyal Artillery, of 
 the Naval Artillery and of the Bengal and Madras 
 Artillery, the Governor- General tenders his cordial 
 thanks. 
 
 To Major Norman, Deputy Adjutant- General of the 
 Army, to whose superior merits and distinguished ser- 
 vices the Commander-in-Chief bears willing testimony, 
 a tribute in which the Governor- General concurs ; to 
 Colonel the Honourable W. L. Pakenham, C.B., Offi- 
 ciating Adjutant-General of her Majesty's Forces in 
 India; to Lieutenant- Colonel Macpherson, Officiating 
 Quartermaster- General of the Army ; to Captain Sey- 
 mour, Officiating Quartermaster- General of her Majesty's 
 Forces; to Captain Bruce, Deputy Quartermaster- 
 General, and Captain Algood, Assistant Quartermaster- 
 General ; to Lieutenant-Colonel Keith Young, Judge 
 Advocate- General ; to Captain Fitzgerald, Assistant 
 Commissary- General, who is specially mentioned by the 
 Commander-in-Chief ; to Lieutenant P. Stewart, of 
 Engineers, Superintendent of Electric Telegraphs ; to 
 Dr. MacAndrew, Inspector General of Hospitals, her 
 Majesty's Forces, and to Dr. Brown, Superintending 
 
155 
 
 Surgeon of the Force, the Governor-General has much 
 satisfaction in expressing his sense of the good service 
 they have rendered. 
 
 To the officers of the personal staff of the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief, of the chief of the staff, and of 
 general officers commanding divisions, the thanks of 
 the Governor- General are due ; and his Lordship re- 
 cords his acknowledgments to the officers of the staff 
 of divisions and brigades, all of whom have zealously 
 performed their duty. 
 
 To the officers and men of every service, soldiers, sea- 
 men and marines, composing the force by which Luck- 
 now has been taken, the Governor- General desires to 
 express his admiration of their conduct, and to tender to 
 each individual the thanks of the Government of India. 
 His Lordship will take the earliest opportunity of 
 bringing under the favourable notice of her Majesty's 
 Government, and of the Honourable the Court of 
 Directors, the services rendered by the force. 
 
 In testimony of the services, the Governor- General is 
 pleased to direct that every officer and soldier, European 
 and native, and the officers and men of the navy, who 
 took part in the capture of Lucknow, shall receive a 
 donation of six months' batta. 
 
 By order of the Right Honourable the Governor- 
 General, 
 
 E. J. H. Birch, Colonel. 
 
 Seo-etary to the Govei-nment of India, 
 Military Department, with the Governor-General. 
 
156 
 
 The Right Honourable the Viscount Canning, Governor- 
 General of India, ^c, Sfc, SfC. 
 
 Camp La Martiniere, Luchnow, 22nd March, 1858. 
 
 I have the honour to announce to your Lordship, that I transferred 
 my head-quarters to the camp of Brigadier-General Sir Edward 
 Lugard, K.C.B., at Buntara, on the 28th ultimo, the division which had 
 been detached under Brigadier-General Sir J. Hope Grant, K.C.B., and 
 that under Brigadier-General Walpole joining the next day. 
 
 Having received tolerably correct information with respect to the 
 lines of works which had been constructed by the enemy for the de- 
 fence of Lucknow, it appeared evident to me that the necessity would 
 arise for operating from both sides of the Goomtee, when the capture of 
 the city should be seriously entertained. 
 
 Two very important reasons conduced to show the expediency of such 
 a course — the one being that it would become possible to enfilade many 
 of the enemy's new works ; the other, that great avenues of supply 
 would be closed against the town, although I could not hope to invest a 
 city having a circumference of twenty miles. 
 
 My first preparations, therefore, were made for the purpose of crossing 
 the river. Bridges of casks had been previously constructed, and were 
 ready in the Engineer's Park. 
 
 On the 2nd of March, I advanced on Dilkoosha with troops as per 
 margin,* and seized that position after a skirmish in which a gun was 
 taken from the enemy. 
 
 When the brigades of infantry began to close on the advance guard, ' 
 the enemy opened several guns which were in position, in strong 
 bastions, along the line of the canal. This fire was heavy and well 
 sustained. 
 
 These guns commanded the plateau, and compelled me to retire the 
 camp as far back as it was possible, but not so far as I could have 
 wished, owing to the ravines in the rear. 
 
 The Palace of Dilkoosha was occupied as an advance picquet on the 
 right, and the Mahomed Bagh on the left — heavy guns being placed iu 
 battery at both points to keep down the hostile fire. 
 
 During the whole of the 2nd, until these arrangements could be com- 
 pleted, the troops were much annoyed by the enemy's guns. 
 
 * Detail. — Head-quarters of the Division of Artillery and of the Field Ar- 
 tillery Brigade, under Major-General Sir A. Wilson, K.C.B., and Colonel D. 
 Wood, C.B., Royal Horse Artillery. Lieutenant-Colonel D'Aguilar's troop, 
 Royal Horse Artillery. Lieutenant-Colonel Tombs, C.B., and Lieutenant 
 Bishop's troops Bengal Horse Artillery, under Lieutenant-Colonel Turner. Two 
 24-pounders and two 8-inch howitzers of the Shannon's Naval Brigade, and two 
 companies Punjaub Sappers and Miners. The head-quarters of the Cavalry 
 Division and the 1st Cavalry Brigade, under Brigadier-General Sir J. H. 
 Grant, K.C.B., and Brigadier Little. H. M.'s 9th Lancers. 2nd Punjaub Irre- 
 gular Cavalry. Detachment 5th Punjaub Irregular Cavalry. 1st Sikh Irre- 
 gular Cavalry. The 2nd Division of Infantry, under Brigadier- General Sir E. 
 Lugard, K.C.B., consisting of— 3rd Brigade, Brigadier P. M. M. Guy: H. M.'s 
 34th Regiment, H. M.'s 38th Regiment, and H. M.'s 53rd Regiment; — 4th Bri- 
 gade, Brigadier Hon. A. Hope: 42nd Highlanders, 93rd Highlanders, and 4th 
 Punjaub Rifles. 
 
157 
 
 After that day, until an advance took place, although the shot 
 ranged up to and sometimes into the camp, but slight loss ensued from 
 this cause. 
 
 On the 3rd and 4th, the remainder of the siege train, together with 
 Brigadier-General Walpole's Division, closed up on the Dilkoosha posi- 
 tion, the right of our line resting on Bibiapore and the Goomtee, the 
 left being towards Alumbagh. 
 
 There was an interval of about two miles between our left and 
 Jellalabad, the right of the Alumbagh position. This interval was 
 occupied by a regiment of Irregular Horse.* Brigadier Campbell, 
 with a strong brigade of cavalry and horse artillery, secured the 
 extreme left, and swept the country towards the north-west. 
 
 Three infantry regiments were withdrawn from Alumbagh, and 
 joined the head-quarters camp. 
 
 On the 5th, General Franks, of the 4th division of infantry, came 
 into direct communication with me. This officer had marched right 
 across the kingdom of Oude, having signally defeated many bodies of 
 insurgents, and kept his time with punctuality according to the orders 
 given to him, with which your Lordship is already acquainted. 
 
 On the same day, the Goomtee was bridged near Bibiapore. Whilst 
 the bridge was being formed the enemy showed on the left bank, 
 causing the necessity of a disposition of troops and heavy guns. He 
 did not, however, make a real attack. 
 
 These guns were very useful in another respect, as their practice 
 on the Martiniere silenced much fire, which would otherwise have 
 annoyed the picquets. 
 
 They were accordingly kept on the same ground for some days, till 
 the advance of the troops rendered them unnecessary. 
 
 On the 6th, Sir James Outram, G.C.B., who had been withdrawn 
 from Alumbagh, crossed to the left bank of the Goomtee with troops 
 as per margin.f The 4th division, under Brigadier-General Franks, 
 C B., taking the place vacated by Brigadier-General Walpole in the line. 
 The plan of attack which had been conceived was now developed, 
 a^d Sir J. Outram was directed to push his advance up the left 
 bank of the Goomtee, while the troops in the position of Dilkhoosha 
 remained at rest till it should have become apparent that the first line 
 of the enemy's works, or the rampart running along the canal and 
 abutting on the Goomtee, had been turned. 
 
 The worl^ may be briefly described as follows : — 
 
 * Hodson's. 
 f Force sent across the Goomtee under Sir J. Outram. 
 Detail. — Lieutenant-Colonel D'AguiJar's Troop, R.H.A. Major Kemming- 
 ton's and Captain McKinnon's Troops, Bengal H.A., under Lieutenant-Colonel 
 P. Turner. Captains Gibbon and Middleton's Light Field Batteries, Royal 
 Artillery and Head-quarters Field Artillery Brigade. Head-quarters Cavalry 
 Division and of 1st Cavalry Brigade. H.M.'s 2nd D. G. (Bays). H.M.'s 9tii 
 Lancers. 2nd Punjaub Cavalry. Detachments 1st and 5th Punjaub Cavalry, 
 under Captains Watson and ISianford. 3rd Infantry Division under Brigadier- 
 General R. Walpole. 5th Brigade, Brigadier Douglas, C.B. : H.M.'s 23rd 
 Fusiliers, H.M.'s 79t]i Highlanders, 1st Bengal Fusiliers. 6th Brigade, Briga- 
 dier Horsford, C.B. : 2nd Battalion Rifle Brigade, 3rd Battalion Rifle Brigade, 
 2nd Punjaub Infantry. 
 
158 
 
 The series of courts and buildings called the Kaiser Bagh, con- 
 sidered as a citadel by the rebels, was shut in by three lines of defence 
 towards the Goomtee, of which the line of the canal was the outer one. 
 
 The second line circled round the large buildings called the Mess- 
 house and the Moti Mahul, and the first or interior one was the prin- 
 cipal rampart of the Kaiser Bagh. 
 
 The rear of the enclosures of the latter being closed in by the city, 
 through which approach would have been dangerous to an assailant. 
 
 These lines were flanked by numerous bastions, and rested at one 
 end on the Goomtee, and at the other on the great buildings of the 
 street called the Huzrut Gunge, all of which were strongly fortified, 
 and flanked the street in every direction. 
 
 Extraordinary care had been expended on the defences of the houses 
 and bastions to enfilade the street. This duty Avas ably performed by 
 Sir James Outram, who pitched his camp on the 6th instant, after 
 a skirmish of his advance guard, in front of the Chukker Walla Kotee, 
 or Yellow-house. 
 
 On the 7th he was attacked by the enemy, who was speedily driven 
 back. 
 
 Having reconnoitred the ground on the 8th instant, I directed Sir 
 James Outram to arrange his batteries during the succeeding night, 
 and to attack the enemy's position, the key of which was the Chukkur 
 Walla Kotee, the next day or the 9th. 
 
 This was done in very good style by the troops under his command, 
 the enemy being driven in at all points, the Yellow-house being seized, 
 and the whole force advanced for some distance through groimd afford- 
 ing excellent cover for the enemy. 
 
 He was then able to bring his right shoulders forward, occupying 
 the Fyzabad Road, and to plant his batteries for the purpose of enfi- 
 lading the works on the canal before alluded to. 
 
 He lost no time in doing this, other batteries of heavy guns and 
 howitzers being constructed during the folio-wing night to play on the 
 works and the Kaiser Bagh. 
 
 While this attack was being made by Sir James Outram, along the 
 left bank of the Goomtee on the 9th instant, a very heavy fire was kept 
 kept up on the Martiuiere both from mortars and heavy guns, placed 
 in position during the previous night on the Dilkhoosha Plateau. 
 
 At two P.M. the 42nd Highlanders, supported by the 93rd High- 
 landers, the 53rd and 90th Regiments, stormed the Martiniere under 
 the direction of Brigadier-General Sir Edward Lugard, K.C.B., and 
 Brigadier the Honourable Adrian Hope. 
 
 It was quickly seen that the enfilading fire on the line of the canal 
 from the opposite side of the river had produced the expected result. 
 
 The 4th Punjaub Infantry, supported by the 42nd Highlanders, 
 climbed up the entrenchment abutting on the Goomtee, and proceeded 
 to sweep down the whole line of the works till they got to the neigh- 
 bourhood of Banks' house, when it became necessary to close operations 
 for the night. 
 
 Major Wylde, 4th Punjaub Rifles, distinguished himself very much 
 on this occasion. The line of works was strongly occupied by the 
 troops which had first entered, and by the 53rd Regiment. 
 
159 
 
 On the 10th instant, Sir James Outram was engaged in strengthen- 
 incr liis position. Sir James Hope Grant, K.C.B., being employed in 
 patrolling towards the cantonment with the cavalry placed under Sir 
 James Outram's orders, a system of extensive patrolling or reconnois- 
 sance having been established by my order in that direction, from the 
 time that the first position had been taken up across the Goomtee. 
 
 At sunrise on the same day, a disposition of troops and heavy guns 
 was made by Sir Edward Lugard for the attack of Banks' house, which 
 was carried at noon, and secured as a strong military post. 
 
 The second part of the plan of attack against the Kaiser Bagh now 
 came into operation, viz., to use the great blocks of houses and palaces, 
 extending from Banks' house to the Kaiser Bagh, as our approach, 
 instead of saj^ping up towards the front of the second hne of works. 
 
 By these means I was enabled to turn the new works towards our 
 own left, at the same time that they were enfiladed on the right by Sir 
 Sir James Outram's advance. 
 
 The latter had already received orders to plant his guns with a view 
 to raking the enemy's position, to annoy the Kaiser Bagh both with 
 vertical and du'ect fire ; also to attack the suburbs in the vicinity of the 
 iron and stone bridges, shortly after daybreak, and so command the 
 iron bridge from the left bank. 
 
 All this was carried out by Sir James Outram with the most marked 
 success. 
 
 The enemy, however, still held tenaciously by his own end of the 
 iron bridge on the right bank, and there was heavy cannonading from 
 both sides, till the bridge was afterwards taken in reverse. 
 
 Sir Edward Lugard's attack on the 11th was pressed forward in like 
 manner. 
 
 The operation had now become one of engineering character, and the 
 most earnest endeavours were made to save the infantry from being 
 hazarded before due preparation had been made. 
 
 The chief engineer, Brigadier Napier, placed the batteries with a 
 view to breaching and sheUing a large block of palaces called the 
 Begum Kotee. 
 
 The latter was stormed with great gallantry by the 93rd High- 
 landers, supported by the 4th Punjaub Rifles, and 1,000 Goorkhas, led 
 by Brigadier the Honourable Adrian Hope, under the direction of 
 Brigadier-General Sir Edward Lugard, at four p.m. 
 
 The troops secured the whole block of buildings, and inflicted a very 
 heavy loss on the enemy, the attack having been one of very desperate 
 character. 
 
 This was the sternest struggle which occurred during the siege. 
 
 Thenceforward the chief engineer pushed his approach ^vith the 
 greatest judgment through the enclosures, by the aid of the sappers and 
 of heavy guns, the troops immediately occupying the ground as he ad- 
 vanced, and the mortars being moved from one position to another as 
 ground was won on which they could be placed. 
 
 The buildings to the right and the Secunder Bagh were taken in the 
 early morning of the same day without opposition. 
 
 During the night of the 12th, Sir James Outram was reinforced Avith 
 a number of heavy guns and mortars, and directed to increase his fire 
 
160 
 
 on the Kaiser Bagh, while at the same time mortars placed in position 
 at the Begum's house never ceased to play on the Emmambara, the 
 next large palace it was necessary to storm between the Begum Kotee 
 and the Kaiser Bagh. 
 
 On Brigadier General Franks, C.B., who had relieved Sir Edward 
 Lugard, and the 2nd division, with the 4th division, on the 12th inst., 
 devolved the duty of attacking the Emmambara. 
 
 A column of attack was formed for that purpose by Brigadier D. 
 Eussell, on the morning of the 14th. 
 
 In the meantime, the Maha Rajah Jung Bahadoor, with a force about 
 (9,000) nine thousand men, and with 24 field guns drawn by men, had 
 arrived, and taken his position in our line on the 12th inst., and moved 
 close to the canal on the 13th. 
 
 At my request, his Highness was begged by Brigadier-General 
 McGregor, C.B., the Special Commissioner attached to him, to pass the 
 canal and attack the suburb in his front and considerably to the left of 
 Banks' house. To this his Highness acceded with much willingness, 
 and his force was most advantageously employed in thus covering my 
 left for several days, during which, from the nature of our operations, 
 I was obliged to mass all the available strength of the British force 
 towards the right, in the joint attack carried along both banks of the 
 Goomtee. 
 
 The Emmambara was carried early on the 14th, and the Sikhs of 
 the Ferozepore Regiment under Major Brasyer, pressing forward in 
 pursuit, entered the Kaiser Bagh ; the third line of the defences 
 having been turned without a single gun being fired from them. 
 
 Supports were quickly thrown in, and all the well-known ground of 
 former defence and attack, the Mess-house, the Tara Kotee, the Motee 
 Mehal, and the Chutter Munzil, was rapidly occupied by the troops, 
 while the engineers devoted their attention to securing the position 
 towards the south and west. The day was one of long and continued 
 exertion, and every one felt that, although much remained to be done 
 before the final expulsion of the rebels, the most difficult part of the 
 undertaking had been overcome. 
 
 This is not the place for a description of the various buildings suc- 
 cessively sapped into or stormed; suffice it to say, that they formed a 
 range of massive palaces and walled courts of vast extent, equalled 
 perhaps, but certainly not surpassed in any capital in Europe. Every 
 outlet had been covered by a work, and on every side were prepared 
 barricades and loopholed parapets. 
 
 The extraordinary industry evinced by the enemy in this respect has 
 been really unexampled. Hence the absolute necessity for holding the 
 troops in hand, till at each successive move forward the engineers 
 reported to me that all which could be effected by artillery and the 
 sappers had been done before the troops were led to the assault. 
 
 The 15th instant was employed in securing what had been taken, 
 removing powder, destroying mines, and fixing mortars for the further 
 bombardment of the positions still held by the enemy on the line of 
 our advance up the right bank of the Goomtee, and in the heart of the 
 city. 
 
 Brigadier- General Sir J. Hope Grant, K.C.B., was sent out with 
 
161 
 
 cavalry on one side towards Seetapore to intercept fugitives, while 
 Brigadier Campbell marched with like orders in the direction of Sun- 
 deela, on a similar duty. They returned on the 17th to their former 
 positions. 
 
 On the IGth instant, Sir James Outram, with the 5th Brigade under 
 Brigadier Douglas, supported by two other regiments, her Majesty's 
 20th and the regiment of Ferozepore, having crossed over the Goomtee 
 by a bridge of casks opposite the Secunder Bagh, advanced according 
 to order through the Chutter INIunzil to take the Residency. 
 
 During the first movements of this oj^eration, a movement of the 
 enemy in retreat, across the stone bridge, became apparent. 
 
 Sir James Avas ordered to press forward, and he was able, almost 
 without opposition, not only to take the iron bridge in reverse, which 
 was my principal object, but also to advance for more than a mile and 
 occupy the Muchhee Bhowun and great Emmambara. 
 
 In short, the city was ours. 
 
 Brigadier-General "Walpole's picquets on the left bank were attacked 
 by the retreating enemy, who was, as usiial, heavily repulsed. 
 
 On the 19th, a combined movement was organized. 
 
 Sir James Outram moved forward directly on the Moosa Bagh, the 
 last position of the enemy on the line of the Goomtee. 
 
 Sir J. Hope Grant cannonaded the latter from the left bank, while 
 Brigadier Campbell, moving right round the western side from the 
 Alumbagh, prevented retreat in that direction. 
 
 The rout was now complete, and great loss was inflicted on the 
 enemy by all these columns. 
 
 On the IGth, for the last time, the enemy had shown in some 
 strength before Alumbagh, Avhich on that date was held by only two 
 of our regiments. 
 
 Jung Bahadoor was requested to move to his left up the canal, and 
 take the position in reverse from which our position at Alumbagh had 
 been so long annoyed. 
 
 This was executed very well by his Highness, and he seized the 
 positions, one after another, with little loss to himself. 
 
 The guns of the enemy, which the latter did not stop to take away, 
 fell into his hands. 
 
 On the 21st, Sir Edward Lugard was directed to attack a stronghold 
 held by the IMoulvie in the heart of the city. This he occupied after a 
 sharp contest, and it now became possible to invite the return of the 
 inhabitants, and to rescixe the city from the horrors of this prolonged 
 contest. 
 
 Brigadier Campbell, with his cavalry, attacked the enemy when re- 
 treating from the city in consequence of Sir Edward Lugard's advance, 
 inflicting heavy loss, and pursued him for six miles. 
 
 I beg to enclose Sir James Outram's own account of his operations, 
 which Avere removed from my immediate superintendence, till he re- 
 crossed the Goomtee, prior to the attack of the IGth. 
 
 It was matter of real gratification to me to be able to entrust the 
 trans-Goomtee operation to this very distinguished officer, and after 
 that had been conducted to my perfect satisfaction, to bring him for- 
 ward again to put the finishing stroke on the enemy, while the extended 
 11 
 
162 
 
 position ill the town was of necessity held by the troops who had won 
 it. My thanks are eminently due to him, and I trust he Avill receive 
 them as heartily as they are offered. 
 
 I have now the pleasing task of communicating to your Loidship the 
 name of an officer to whom not only I as commanding general, but to 
 whom, in truth, the service at large, is under great obligation, Major- 
 General Mansfield, the Chief of the Staff, whose labour has been un- 
 ceasing, whose abilities are of the highest order, and have been of the 
 greatest use to me during this campaign. It is impossible for nie to 
 praise this officer too highly, or to recommend him sufficiently to the 
 protection of your Lordship and of the Government. 
 
 I desire to draw the particular attention of your Lordship to Briga- 
 dier-Generals Franks, C.B., Walpole, Sir J. Hope Grant, Iv.C.B., and 
 Sir Edward Lugard, K.C.B. 
 
 Their divisions have been most admirably commanded, and they 
 have on every occasion amply justified all my expectations. 
 
 Brigadier-Generals Walpole and Sir J. Hope Grant were employed 
 more immediately under the direction of Sir James Outram, who 
 speaks in the highest terms of the assistance he received from them. 
 
 Sir J. H. Grant's management of his cavalry and horse artillery is 
 always most admirable. 
 
 As detailed above, the manner in which the attacks on the main line 
 of operations were directed by Sir Edward Lugaz'd and Brigadier- 
 General Franks, reflected the greatest credit on them. 
 
 The officers in command of the cavalry brigades have proved them- 
 selves equal to their high position, and are worthy of your Lordship's 
 favourable consideration. 
 
 Brigadier Campbell, in command of tlie cavalry on the left, per- 
 formed his detached duty with much vigilance and judgment. His 
 march round the city on the 19th instant, which Avas a running fight 
 for the greater part of the day, was a very difficult one. 
 
 His pursuit, on the 21st, of the party which broke aAvay after 
 being driven by Sir Edward Lugard from Shadut Gunge, was highly 
 effective. 
 
 Brigadier Hagart has received the marked commendation of Sir J. 
 Hope Grant, and the brigadiers in command of infantry brigades have 
 particularly distinguished themselves under the eyes of their divisional 
 commanders : — 
 
 Brigadier D. Eussell . ' . . .1st Brigade. 
 „ P. M. M. Guy . . .3rd „ 
 „ Hon, A. Hope . . .4th „ 
 ,, Douglas, C.B. . . . 5th ,, 
 
 ,^ Horsford, C.B. . . . 6th ,, 
 „ Evelegh .... 7th „ 
 
 and Lieutenant-Colonel Longden (her IMajesty's 10th Foot), attached to 
 the Goorkha Brigade, by order of the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 The head-quarters, 2nd Brigade, with the 5th Fusiliers and 78th 
 Highlanders, under Brigadier Franklin, remained at Alumbagh in 
 position, and Avere well disposed by that officer to resist the enemy's 
 demonstration on the IGth instant. 
 
163 
 
 • To Major-General Sir Arcbclale Wilson, K.C.B., my warmest acknow- 
 ledgments are due for the effective manner in which he commanded 
 the Artillery division. 
 
 The four corps — the Naval Brigade, the Eoyal Artillery, the Bengal 
 Artillery,and the Madras Artillery — worked with the greatest harmony 
 under his happy direction as one regiment. 
 
 The merits of Sir Archdale Wilson are too widely known to gain 
 anything by encomium from me ; but I may be permitted to express my 
 great satisfaction at having been able to avail myself of the assistance 
 of this most distinguished, officer. The effective fire of the artillery 
 during the long operations which depended so much on the manage- 
 ment of that arm, elicited general admiration. 
 
 The practice of the 68-pounders of the Naval Brigade was capital, 
 while the Kaiser Bagh and other great buildings which had been 
 stormed, showed, in a very convincing manner, how truly the shells had 
 been directed by the Royal and Bengal Artillery. 
 
 Whenever the field artillery could be used, the troops of Horse 
 Artillery and field batteries of Royal Artillery, the Bengal Artillery, 
 and the INIadras Artillery, did the most excellent service. 
 
 Sir Archdale Wilson expresses his great obligations to Captain Sir 
 William Peel, K.C.B., Royal Navy, till that most gallant officer was 
 severely wounded, and to Brigadiers Wood, C.B., Royal Horse Artillery, 
 and Barker, C,B., Royal Artillery, respectively commanding the field 
 and siege artillery brigades. 
 
 It Avould be difficult for me to give an adequate idea of the zeal and 
 activity displayed by the Chief Engineer, Brigadier Napier, Bengal 
 Engineers. Many of the operations depended on his proper apprecia- 
 tion of the obstructions to be overcome, and the means at his disposal 
 for that purpose. 
 
 His great professional skill and thorough acquaintance with the value 
 of his enemy, have been of the greatest service, and I recommend him 
 most cordially to your Lordship's protection. 
 
 I am under very great obligations to him. 
 
 The officers of the general departments of the army have accom- 
 panied me during the siege, and I beg to return them my thanks. 
 They are as follow: — 
 
 Major H. W. Norman, Deputy- Adjutant-General of the Army, 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel W. Macpherson, Officiating Quartermaster- 
 General of the Army. 
 
 Colonel the Honourable W. L. Pakenham, C.B., Officiating Adjutant- 
 General, her Majesty's Forces. 
 
 Captain C. F. Seymour, 81th Regiment, Officiating Quartermaster- 
 General, her Majesty's Forces. 
 
 Captain G. Algood, Officiating Assistant-Quartermaster-General of 
 the Army. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Keith Young, Judge-Advocatc-General of the 
 Army. 
 
 Lieutenant P. Stewart, Bengal Engineers, Superintendent of Electric 
 Telegraphs. 
 
 Doctor Mac Andrew, Inspector-General of Hospitals, her Majesty's 
 Forces. 
 
 11—-* 
 
164 
 
 Doctor Brown, the Svipcrintcnding-Sargcon of the Force, has agaiu 
 won my sincere thanks for his admirable arrangements. 
 
 Captain Fitzgerald, Assistant-Commissary-General, who has had the 
 disposition of the commissariat in the field, has met every want of the 
 army. He has distinguished himself much, and is a credit to his 
 department. 
 
 I must draw very particular attention to the services of Major 
 Norman, Deputy-Adjutant-General, who, besides his ordinary depart- 
 mental duties, has performed the very onerous one of Adjutant-General 
 of the Army in the Field throughout the campaign : to Captain 
 II. Bruce, Deputy-Quartermaster-General, head of the Intelligence 
 Department; and to Captain G. Algood, Officiating-Assistant-Quarter- 
 master-General, who performed the duties of Quartermaster-General 
 of the Army in the Field, until the arrival of Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Macpherson. These officers have all been most active in the per- 
 formance of their duties. 
 
 To my personal Staff and that of ]\Iajor-General Mansfield, my 
 acknowledgments are due, but more particularly to my Military Secre- 
 tary, Colonel Sterling, C.B., and to Captain 11. G. Hope Johnstone, 
 Bombay Army, Deputy- Assistant- Adjutant-General to the Chief of the 
 Staff. These two officers are most indefatigable. 
 
 A list of the other members of these Staffs is appended. 
 
 Finally, I wish to draw your Lordship's attention to the conduct of 
 the regimental officers, commissioned and non-commissioned, and to the 
 men of the regiments. 
 
 Their conduct has been very brilliant throughout. The manner in 
 which the 93rd Regiment flung itself into the Begum Kotee, followed 
 by the 4th Sikhs and supported by the 42nd, was magnificent, and the 
 su])scqucnt attack on the EmmamlDara and the Kaiser Bagh reflected 
 the greatest credit on the regimental leaders of the 4th Division, and 
 the soldiers who followed them. 
 
 Corrected lists will be sent immediately, of the officers and soldiers 
 who are deemed most worthy of distinction in a force in which every 
 one has a claim. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 C. Campbell, General, 
 
 Commander-in-Chief in India. 
 
 List of tie Pehsonal Staff of his Excellency General Sm Colin 
 Campbell, G.C.B., Commander-in-Chief in India; and of Major- 
 General Sm W. R. Mansfield, Chief of the Staf. 
 
 Head Quarters Cam]), Lnclnoic, 22nd March, 1858. 
 
 Colonel Sterling, C.B., unattached, Military Secretary to the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief. 
 
 Captain Sir David Baird, Bt., H.lM.'s 98th Regt. ") A. D. C.'s to the 
 
 Lieutenant F. Alison, 72nd Highlanders [ Commander-in- 
 
 Captain AY. F. Forster, 18th Royal Irish ) Chief. 
 
165 
 
 ]\Iiijor J. IMetcalfe, 3rcl Regiment Bengal Native Infantry, Interpreter 
 and Commandant, Head Quarters. 
 
 Lieutenant K. G. Hope Johnstone, Bombay Army, Deputy-Assistant- 
 Adjutant-General to Chief of the Staff. 
 
 Lieutenant D. M. INIurray, H. M.'s 64.th Regt. "j A. D. C.'s to the 
 
 Lieutenant F. R. 8. Flood (severely wounded), > Chief of the 
 her Majesty's 53rd Regiment ' Staff. 
 
 Surgeon J. Clifford, Olliciating Surgeon to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 A. C. Sterling, Colonel, 
 
 Military Secretary. 
 
 Me-MORANuum of Operations carried on under the Command of Major- 
 General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., during the Siege of Luchiow. 
 
 On the morning of the Gth instant, shortly before daybreak, I pro- 
 ceeded Avith the force named in the margin,* to cross the Goomtec River, 
 over the two temporary bridges which had been constructed by the order 
 of his Excellency, the whole of the cavalry being under the command 
 of the Brigadier-General Sir James Hope Grant, K.C.B. ; the infantry 
 under that of Brigadier Walpole; the field artillery under Brigadier 
 D. Wood, C.B. ; the siege artillery, which subsequently joined me,- 
 luider Lieut.-Colonel Riddell, R.A. After proceeding a short distance 
 in a northerly direction, the enemy became visible on our left flank, 
 and on being approached by the cavahy, they were discovered to be 
 in considerable force, chiefly sowars. The 2nd Punjaub Cavalry then 
 attacked on the right, while IMajor Smith, of the Queen's Bays, with 
 two squadrons of his own regiment, one squadron of the 9th Lancers, 
 and Lieut.-Colonel D'Aguilar's Troop of Horse Artillery, advanced from 
 our left. The enemy Avere immediately driven back, and pursued to 
 the banks of the river, many being cut up ; but I regret to state that 
 in this charge the gallant IMajor Smith was killed. Our camp was 
 then formed on the Fyzabad road, about half a mile in advance of the 
 village of Chinhut, on the Lucknow side. Early on the following 
 morning, 7th March, the enemy made a smart attack on our advanced 
 picquets, and brought out several guns under cover of ravines and 
 clumps of trees in our front. They were, however, speedily withdrawn, 
 on our skirmishers and horse artillery and Captain INIiddleton's field 
 battery, protected by the cavalry, coming to the front and opening 
 their fire. The artillery practice on this occasion, as on the preceding 
 day, was admirable. 
 
 2. The following day, the 8th instant, under the instructions of his 
 Excellency, Colonel D'Aguilar's troop of Horse Artillery and the 9th 
 Lancers re-crossed the river to the head-quarters camp, and the siege 
 guns named in the margin f joined me. Having decided upon an 
 attack on the enemy's position, on the next morning, the 9th instant, I 
 caused an entrenchment for eight 24-pounder guns and three 8-iuch 
 
 ♦ Already given in Commander-in-Chiefs despatch. 
 
 t 24-pounder guns, 8; 8-inch howitzers, 4; 8-inch mortars, 10. Total, 22, 
 
166 
 
 liowitzers, to be constructed during the night. The battery was armed, 
 and commenced its fire at daybreak with excellent effect, after which 
 the right column of infantry, accompanied by Captain Gibbon's field 
 battery, under Brigadier-General Walpole, covered by a cloud of 
 skirmishers, commanded by Brigadier Horsford, C.B., and supported 
 by the 5th Pirigade under Brigadier Douglas, drove the enemy through 
 the jungles, walls, and villages, which afforded them an excellent cover, 
 and bringing the right shoulders forAvard, occupied the Fyzabad road. 
 In the meantime, the left column of attack, composed of the 1st Bengal 
 Fusiliers, supported by two companies of the 79th Highlanders, which 
 had been held in readiness on the left of the battery, together with the 
 horse artillery under Brigadier AVood, which had been formed in rear 
 of the bridge across the Kokral, advanced, and in concert with the 
 right column, carried the Chuker Kothee (or Yellow-house), the key 
 of the rebel position, in gallant style, and thereby turned the strong 
 line of entrenchment which had been constructed by the enemy on the 
 right bank of the Goomtee, Of this success the skirmishers on the 
 other side of the river were subsequently apprised by Lieutenant 
 Butler, of the Bengal Fusiliers, wdio swam across the Goomtee, and 
 climbing the parapet, remained in that position for a considerable time, 
 under heavy fire of musketry, until the work was occupied. After the 
 occupation of the Chuker Kothee, we drove the enemy rapidly through 
 the old irregular cavalry lines, and suburbs, to the Badshah Bagh. The 
 fortified gates of this strong-walled enclosure were blown open, and the 
 garden occupied, where two guns were found by our troops. Three 
 guns and a howitzer were then placed in position to enfilade the Avorks 
 in rear of the Martiniere. A battery of two 24-pounder guns, and 
 two 8-inch howitzers, was placed near the river to keep down the fire 
 from the town. A battery for five mortars was constructed during the 
 night J and in the morning commenced playing on the Kaiser Bagh. 
 Four heavy guns were also placed in a work thrown up by the enemy 
 at the east entrance into the Badshah Bagh. 
 
 3. On the 10th, we were occupied in strengthening our position, the 
 enemy being in force in the suburbs in our front, from which they 
 made an attack in considerable numbers on a picquet held by the TDth 
 Highlanders, but were repulsed with heavy loss. General Sir James 
 Hope Grant occupied himself the while in patrolling the vicinity, 
 during which operation a most valuable young officer, Major Sandford, 
 of the 5th Punjaub Irregular Cavalry, was unfortunately killed; but 
 the enemy suffered severely. 
 
 4. During this night, another battery was constructed at the Badshah 
 Bagh for four 24-pounders, two 8-inch howitzers, and five 8-inch 
 mortars, which kept up a vertical and direct fire on the defences in the 
 interior of the Kaiser Bagh. Two more 24-pounders were also brought 
 to bear on the Mess-house, and on the Kaiser Bagh, in compliance with 
 the instructions of his Excellency. I made arrangements to attack 
 the suburbs in the vicinity of the iron and stone bridges, and shortly 
 after daylight on the 11th instant, the right column, as per margin,* 
 
 * 79th Highlanders; 2nd and 3rd battalion, Eifle Brigade; 1st Bengal 
 Fusiliers; Captain Gibbon's Light Field Battery, and two 24-pounders. 
 
167 
 
 foniiecl on the Fyzabacl road under the immediato command of 
 Brigadier-General Walpole, and worked its way, covered by its skir- 
 mishers, througli the town, until it reached the mosque on the old can- 
 tonment road which commands the approach to the iron bridge. 
 
 5. The left column, as per margin,* proceeded along the lower road, 
 towards the iron bridge. These two columns were connected by a 
 strong chain of skirmishers, Avhich, as well as the left column, met 
 with considerable opposition, as the enemy opened three guns on them 
 from the opposite side of the river, and also held the ground in great 
 strength in front of the rifle skii-mishers, commanded by Brevet-i\Iajor 
 Warren, Captains Wilmot and Thynnc, and Lieutenant Grey, who all 
 behaved most gallantly; Captain Thynne, a most promising ofiicer, I 
 regret to say, being mortally wounded. This column occupied the 
 houses doAvn to the river's bank, and the head of the iron bridge, to 
 the right of which the two 24-pounder guns Avere placed in battery. 
 The spirit and dash of the men during this critical operation were 
 most remarkable, and merit my highest commendation. Lieutenant 
 Moorsom, Deputy Assistant Quartermaster-General, who had been 
 deputed by me to guide the column, was killed on the spot while 
 reconnoitring on the opposite side of the road. I deplore sincerely 
 the loss of this most gallant and promising young officer, whose soldier- 
 like zeal and acquirements rendered him an ornament to his profession. 
 
 6. Having left the Bengal Fusiliers posted in the mosque on the 
 cantonment road, I proceeded with the remainder of the right column 
 in that direction, and shortly afterwards met Sir J. H. Grant's Cavahy 
 and Horse Ai'tillery, which in the meantime had been operating on the 
 extreme right. Turning now toAvards the stone bridge, Ave surprised 
 the camp of the rebel 15th Irregular Horse, Avhose standards and 
 two guns Avere captured by the Eifles, the enemy flying in all directions 
 over the plain, many being cut up by our cavalry. 
 
 7. I then penetrated to the head of the stone bridge, through the 
 strong and dense suburbs, Avithout encountering any material oppo- 
 sition. The enemy, hoAvever, Avere able to command it with guns, as 
 Avell as Avith miTsketry from the tops of several high and strong stone 
 houses on the opposite side of the river, and the position Avas, more- 
 over, too distant, and approaches too intricate, to warrant my holding it 
 permanently Avith the force at my disposal. I therefore AvithdreAv to 
 the mosque at the cross road, already occupied by the Bengal Fusiliers, 
 our route being through suburbs, in which Ave destroyed a quantity of 
 munitions of Avar, and finally Ave retired to camp, Avhen the arrangements 
 for the occupation of the iron bridge had been completed. 
 
 8. During the nights of the 12th and 13th, having been reinforced bv 
 four 18-pounder guns, tAvo 10-inch hoAvitzers, Aa'c 10-inch mortars, and 
 four 5g-inch mortars, three batteries AA'ere erected, from Avhich five 
 10-inch mortars, ten 8-inch mortars, four 24-pounder guns Avere 
 brought to bear upon the Kaiser Bagh, on the fall of Avhich, on the 
 morning of the 14th, the guns and mortars Avere turned on the Eesi- 
 
 * Two 24-pounder guns; three field battery guns, Eoyal Artillery; 23rd 
 K. W. Fusiliers; 2nd Funjaub Infantry, under command of Lieuteuant-Colonol 
 Fratt. 
 
168 
 
 clcncy, and the buildings to the right of the bridge. During this opera- 
 tion, Lieutenant Cuthbert, of the Royal Artillery, brought himself pro- 
 minently to notice by extinguishing a fire in a small building in front of 
 his battery, in a very dangerous and exposed position. The operations 
 connected with a breastwork across the iron bridge were conducted 
 by Lieutenant "Wynne, R.E., and Sergeant Paul, Avho displayed great 
 coolness and resolution in the face of a heavy and continual fire. 
 
 9. Having been ordered to join his Excellency's camp, my operations 
 on the north side of the Goomtee were here brought to a close. 
 
 10. Our casualties during these proceedings amounted to five officers 
 killed and nine wounded, and the loss in men, including sergeants, was 
 twenty-one killed and one hundred and four w^ounded ; total, twenty- 
 six killed and one hundred and thirteen wounded. With the excep- 
 tion of the officers, the above statement of casualties does not include 
 the cavalry division. General Sir J. H. Grant having been ordered ofT 
 into the districts, neither his casualty list, nor his notice of his officers, 
 has been received. From the peculiar nature of the fighting, the actual 
 loss of the enemy is difficult to ascertain. But I cannot estimate it at 
 less than two thousand throughout the whole operations. 
 
 11. On the IGth instant, under instructions from his Excellency, I 
 proceeded to the Kaiser Bagh, where I found the 5th Brigade, under 
 the command of Brigadier Douglas, C.B., comprising the 23rd Fusi- 
 liers, the 79th Highlanders, and the 1st Bengal Fusiliers, to which his 
 Excellency had added lier Majesty's 20th Regiment and the Ferozepore 
 Regiment of Sikhs. 
 
 12. Vast numbers of the enemy having been seen crossing the stone 
 bridge from the city, apparently with the design of attacking Brigadier- 
 General Walpole's camp, on the noith of the Goomtee, his Excellency 
 ordered me to press our movement. I immediately ordered the ad- 
 vance, and took possession of the Residency with little opposition, the 
 23rd Fusiliers charging through the gatcAvay, and driving the enemy 
 before them at the point of the bayonet, the remainder of the brigade 
 following them in reserve. 
 
 13. The enemy having lieen dislodged from the Residency, two 
 companies of the 23rd, under Lieutenant-Colonel Bell, accompanied 
 by Captain Gould Weston, Avho pointed out the road, pressed rapidly 
 forward, and captured the brass gun, which was in position to sweep 
 the iron bridge, after some opposition. In the meanAvhile the Residency 
 height was crowned by a field battery of IMadras Artillery, under the 
 command of INIajor Cotter, which kept up a heavy fire on the Muchhee 
 Bhowun. This battery was subsequently withdrawn, and replaced by 
 two C8-pounder guns of the Naval Brigade. On their arrival, the 
 Bengal Fusiliers moved to the iron bridge, and shortly afterAvards 
 advanced, together with the Regiment of Ferozepore, and took Much- 
 hee Bhowun and the Emmambara, the enemy precipitately retiring, and 
 abandoning six gims. One company of the Fusiliers, under Captain 
 Salisbury, was pushed on to the Roomidurwaza Gate, Avhere another 
 gun was captured. The 79th Avere then brought up to occupy the 
 Emmambara, and the remainder of the Bengal Fusiliers were placed in 
 the Muchhee Bhowun. 
 
 14. On the morning of the 17th, Brigadier Douglas caxased the Hosi- 
 
169 
 
 nabud mosque and the Dowlutkhana, in -wliich two guns and a small 
 mortar were found, to be occupied by a company of the 79th High- 
 landers. About one p.m., with the force named in the margin,* I moved 
 towards the block of buildings known as Shurfoodowlah's house, having 
 previously occupied the entrance to the Chowk with three companies of 
 the 79th Highlanders. On arriving at the Juma Musjid, nine cart- 
 loads of powder were found in a court-yard in the rear, A\diich impeded 
 our progress. I therefore directed it to be destroyed, under the super- 
 vision of the Engineers. I regret, however, to have to state that, from 
 some accidental cause, the poAvder ignited. 
 
 15. Captain Clarke, R.E., and Lieutenant Brownlow, B.E., who had 
 greatly distinguished themselves, have since died from the elFects of the 
 explosion, in whose melancholy death the service has sustained a 
 heavy loss, which I sincerely deplore. About thirty men shared 
 their fate, and the rest of the working party were more or less 
 injured. 
 
 16. I then sent two companies of the 79th Highlanders, with one 
 8-inch howitzer, to take possession of Shurfoodowlah's house, which 
 was occupied without any casualty, the enemy precipitately retreating, 
 although they had made every preparation for a vigorous defence. An 
 iron gun and a brass gun, with an ammunition waggon, together with 
 several small guns, all in position, were captured. 
 
 17. I then reinforced the three companies of the 79th in the Chowk, 
 with five companies of the 20th Regiment, and completed the chain of 
 communication. 
 
 18. On the 18th, Brigadier Douglas ordered Lieutenant Gordon, 
 commanding a picquet of the 20th, to clear the houses in his front, Avhich 
 he effected, much to the Brigadier's satisfaction, killing twenty-three of 
 the enemy. 
 
 19. The stone bridge was found to be undermined, and the circum- 
 stance reported to his Excellency. 
 
 20. On the morning of the 19th, under instructions from his Excel- 
 lency, I proceeded to attack the jMoosa Bngh, the force named in the 
 marginf being assembled for that purpose. 
 
 21. At about half-past six a.m., I proceeded to Gao Ghat, and found 
 Ali Nuki Khan's house occupied by the enemy, who opened a sharp 
 fire of nmsketry on the head of the column. Two companies of the 
 79th, led by Lieutenant Evereth, being ordered to advance, soon drove 
 the enemy out, and took possession of it. Considerable delay here 
 took place in consequence of having to break through a thick wall, 
 during which time I ordered up a wing of the Bengal Fusiliers to 
 occupy the house. 
 
 22. The troops then advanced through the suburbs without oppo- 
 
 * Captain Middleton's Field Battery; two 8-inch howitzers; one company 
 Native Sappers; one wing, H. M.'s 20tii Foot ; one wing H.M.'s 23rd Foot ; one 
 wing H.M.'s 79th Foot; Brasyer's Siklis. 
 
 f Two squadrons, 9th Lancers; one company, R.E.; one company, Native 
 Sappers ; one field battery (Captain Middleton's); two 18-pounders, two 8-inch 
 howitzers, four S-ineh mortars, under Captain Carleton, B.A.; three companies, 
 20tli Regiment ; seven companies, 23rd Regiment ; 79th Ilighlandcrs ; 2nd 
 Funjaub Infantry. 
 
170 
 
 sition towards Moosa Bagh, which position the enemy was rcportecT to 
 occupy with thirteen gnns and five or six thousand men. 
 
 23. On arriving on the open ground, two guns Averc opened on tlie 
 column, and the enemy appeared in great strength on the road. I imme- 
 diately ordered out skirmishers from the 79th and 23rd, and Captain 
 Middleton's battery to the front, whose fire soon silenced that of the 
 enemy, during which time tlie Lancers made a flank jnovement to the 
 enemy's left, and on our advance their whole force took to flight, aban- 
 doning their guns ; on finding which I sent to order back the heavy 
 guns under escort of the three companies of the 20th Regiment, as 
 being no longer required. 
 
 24. The two sqiradrons of the 9th Lancers followed up the pursuit 
 for about four miles, Avhen they overtook the enemy, captured six guns, 
 and killed about a hundred of them, the rest dispersing over the coun- 
 try and escaping by the aid of the nullahs and broken feature of the 
 country. The conduct of the officers and men of the 9th was most 
 gallant, as they undauntedly charged masses of the enemy. 
 
 25. The field artillery and infantry followed in support as rapidly as 
 possible, and captured four more guns, making in all twelve, which I 
 believe to be the total possessed by the enemy, no trace of the reported 
 thirteenth gun being observable. 
 
 26. I then occupied the Moosa Bagh, with the 2ndPunjaub Lifantry, 
 imder Major Green, and withdrew the rest of the troops to their quar- 
 ters in the city. 
 
 27. Throughout the course of these operations, which were very 
 laborious, the cheerfulness and zeal of both officers and men were most 
 conspicuous, and merit my warmest thanks. 
 
 28. I have to express my particular acknowledgments to Brigadier- 
 General Walpole, who afforded me on every occasion the most cordial 
 support, and very ably carried out the operations which fell to his 
 share; also to Brigadier-General Sir James Hope Grant, commanding 
 the cavalry, whose vigilance and activity in the execution of his onerous 
 duties were unceasing. 
 
 29. Brigadier Wood, C.B., commanding the field batteries, and Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel Riddcll, commanding the siege train, carried on their 
 respective duties to my entire satisfaction. The services of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Turner, B.A., specially attached to the force, Avere of the 
 highest value to me, and I beg to tender him my cordial acknoAvledg- 
 ment for the same. 
 
 30. It is a source of much gratification to me to submit the names 
 of those officers engaged in the operations on the north bank of the 
 Goomtee, Avho have been honourably mentioned by Brigadier-General 
 "Walpole and their respective commanders, viz.. Brigadiers Ilorsford, 
 C.B., and Douglas, commanding 5th and Cth Brigades; Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Hill, commanding 2nd Battalion, Eifle Brigade; Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Macdonald, C.B., commanding 3rd Battalion Rifle Brigade; 
 Captain Gibbon, R.A., Avho commanded the 9-pounder field battery. 
 
 31. The Brigadier-General also particularly notices the conduct of 
 Captain Barwell, Deputy-Assistant-Adjutant-General, and Captain 
 Carey, Deputy- Assistant-Quartermaster-General; also that of Captain 
 "Warner, A.D.C., and Lieutenant Eccles, his orderly officer. 
 
171 
 
 32. The brigadiers •wish to record the services of their respective 
 staffs: — Captain ]\Iacpherson, 78th Highlanders (wounded), Brigade- 
 Major of the 5tlr Brigade; Brevet-Major Mollan, Brigade-Major Gth 
 Brigade; and Brevet-Major lioss, and Lieutenant Walker, their orderly 
 officers. 
 
 33. Brigadier "Wood, C.B., favourably mentions the conduct and 
 professional knowledge of Lieutenant-Colonel Turner, Lieutenant-Colo- 
 nel D'Aguilar, Major Yates, Brevet-Major Pennycuick, Captain Gibbon, 
 Captain Mackinnon, Captain Kemmington, and Captain Johnston; he 
 also notices the assistance he received from Captain Frith, his Brigade- 
 Major, and Captain Scott, in charge of the Commissariat arrangement. 
 
 34. Lieutenant-Colonel Riddell, commanding siege train, eulogizes 
 Captains Thring, Goodenough, and Walker, K.A. ; Captain Pearson, 
 and Lieutenant Simeon, B.A. ; and Lieutenants Cuthbert and Fitz 
 ]\Lauricc, R.A. ; and Major Turner and Captain Young, staff officers. 
 
 35. Major Nicholson, E.E., highly applauds the energy displayed by 
 the officers of that department, viz., Lieutenants Malcolm, Wynne, 
 Swetenham, and Keith, E. E. ; and Lieutenants Watson, Tennant, 
 llovenden, and Nuthall, B.E. 
 
 36. Lieutenant-Colonel Wells records the services of Major Bruce, 
 and Captains Provost, Duff, and Norton, of the 23rd Fusiliers. 
 
 37. I have next to notice the services of the officers engaged on the 
 south, or the city side of the river. 
 
 38. Brigadier Napier ; Captain Hutchinson, Brigade-Major ; and 
 Lieutenant Greathcd, of the Engineers, afforded me on different occa- 
 sions the gi'eatest assistance by their professional advice, and I tender 
 them my cordial thanks; they were ably seconded by Lieutenant 
 Tulloch, and Mr. May, attached to that department. 
 
 39. Major Brasyer led his Sikhs with his usual gallantry, and I 
 regret to add was severely wounded. 
 
 40. My thanks are also due to Captain Bennett, commanding her 
 Majesty's 20th Regiment. 
 
 41. Captain Coles, in conamand of tAvo squadrons of the 9th Lancers, 
 did good service in pursuing the enemy when they abandoned their 
 position in the Moosa Bagh. On this occasion the local knowledge of 
 Captain Carey, Deputy-Assistant-Quartermaster-General of the 3rd 
 Division, was of much use to me. Captain Dodgson, Assistant-Adju- 
 tant-General; Captain Gordon, Deputy- Judge-Advocate-General; and* 
 Ensign Hewitt, 41st Regiment Native Lifantry, orderly officer, were 
 pi-esent at the occupation of the Moosa Bagh, having joined me from 
 Alumbagh, where they had been of much service in their respective 
 appointments. 
 
 42. I have lastly to bring to his Excellency's consideration the 
 services of those officers who had the good fortune to be engaged in all 
 the opei-ations on both sides of the river. 
 
 43. Brigadier Douglas has carried out all his instructions with signal 
 ability and success, and deserves my cordial acknowledgments; as does 
 Major Nicholson, R.E., who evinced the most indefatigable industry in 
 the construction of the heavy batteries which it fell to his department 
 to execute, and in choosing sites for which he Avas constantly exposed 
 to very heavy fire. 
 
172 
 
 44. Lieutenant-Colonel Wells, commnnding the 23rd Fusiliers, luitil 
 incapacitated by illness (on the last day's oiieration), when the cominand 
 was assumed Ly Lieutenant- Colonel Pratt, who also commanded the 
 left column of attack on the 11th instant, across the river; Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Taylor, in command of the 79th Highlanders; Major Green, 
 Punjaub Killes; and Captain CunlifFe, who coujmanded the 1st Bengal 
 Fusiliers, luitil the arrival of Captain Hume, who also deserves my 
 thanks. Captain Middleton, commanding the Field Battery, which Avas 
 actively engaged throughout. 
 
 45. Brigadier Douglas mentions with approbation. Captain Stevenson, 
 Acting Brigade-lNLnjor; and Lieutenants Walker, 79th, and Uttertou, 
 23rd Fusiliers, his A.D.C. and orderly officer. 
 
 46. I have the highest pleasure in acknowledging how much I am 
 indebted to the officers of my personal staff. 
 
 47. His Excellency is already aAvare of the opinion I have formed 
 of the merits and services of Colonel Berkely, her Majesty's 32nd Regi- 
 ment, my military secretary; and the assistance I have derived from 
 him throughout these operations is an additional obligation I am under 
 to this most deserving officer. 
 
 48. Captain Chamier, A.D.C, and Lieutenant Hargood, A.D.C, 
 (horse killed), have worked with the unremitting zeal and activity 
 which has characterized their conduct in all the operations in which I 
 have been engaged since I left Allahabad in September last. 
 
 49. Captain Weston, G5th Regiment Native Infantry, orderly officer, 
 has signalized himself by the spirit and gallantry which he has dis- 
 played on several occasions, and has been of much use to me. 
 
 50. Captains Orr and Bunbury, of the Litelligence Department, 
 have performed their duties Avith great ability, and Mr. Denison, Civil 
 Service, who recently brouglvt up despatches from the Governor- 
 General, accompanied the forces, and was most active and zealous in 
 rendering aid to the poor suffi^rers who were blown up in the explosion 
 on the 17th instant. 
 
 51. Mr. Kavanagh, Assistant Commissioner, from his knowledge of 
 the localities, rendered good service on several occasions. 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Major-General, 
 
 Commanding the 1st Div. of the Army. 
 N. B. — The casualties dui'lng these operations are included in the 
 general casualty returns of the army occupied in the siege, which 
 accompanied the Commander-in-Chiefs despatch ; the total loss sus- 
 tained in these operations under General Outram Avas as folloAvs: — 
 Casualties (hiring the operations North of the Goomtee., from the Gth to 
 14th March {not including those of the Cavalrij division under 
 General Grant, of ivhich no separate returns were received). 
 Killed. — Officers, 5; rank and file, 21. 
 Wounded.— Officers, 9; rank and file, 104.— Total, 139. 
 Casualties during the operations in the City, from the Ihth to 
 Idth March. 
 Killed. — Officers, 3 ; rank and file, 42. 
 Wounded. — Officers, 4; rank and file, 50. — Total, 99. 
 Gii.\ND Total. — Killed and Wounded, 238. 
 
173 
 
 General Orders by the Honourable the President 
 OF the Council of India in Council. 
 
 Fort William, 27th July, 1858. 
 The Honourable the President of the Council of 
 India in Council has much satisfaction in now publish- 
 ing the following letters from Major-General Sir J. 
 Outram, G.C.B., bringing to notice certain omissions 
 in his previous* despatches : — 
 
 The Deputy Adjutant- General of the Army to the 
 Secretary to the Government of India, Military 
 Department, with the Governor-General. 
 
 Head Quartet's, Camp, Futtehghur, the d\st May, 1858. 
 By desire of tlie Commander-in-Chief I have the honour to forward, 
 in original, for submission to the Right Honourable the Governor- 
 General, two letters from the Honourable Major-General Sir J. Outram, 
 G.C.B,, bringing to notice certain omissions in his previous despatches. 
 I have, &c., 
 
 H. W. Norman, Major, 
 
 Dejyutij- Adjutant-General of the Army. 
 
 Major- General J. Outram, late Commanding \st Divi- 
 sion of the Army in the Field, to Major Norman, 
 Deputy Adjutant- General of the Ariny. 
 
 Calcutta, Wth May, 1858. 
 On the — instant, I had the honour to draw the attention of the 
 Chief of the Staff, dcmi-officially, to the accidental omission in ray 
 Lucknow despatches, of a service rendered me by a wing of the 
 1st Madras Fusiliers, and I expressed my deep regret at having thus 
 unintentionally done injustice to a regiment wliich had, by its unvar}'- 
 ing zeal, steadiness, and bravery, placed mc under the deepest obliga- 
 tions. I regret to have now to record another omission, equally 
 accidental, and equally unjust. I refer to Captain Gibbon's battery, 
 which was Avith me throughout the Avhole of the operations on the left 
 bank of the Goomtee, and was, after the night of the 8tli of March, the 
 only field battery on that side. On the 9th it was actively engaged 
 during the whole day, and rendered most valuable service. Exposed to 
 very heavy fire, it contributed materially to the capture of the Badshah 
 Bagh. And on the 11th its services were put in requisition with the 
 columns which secured the approaches to the iron bridge. The 
 
 * See G. G. 0. No. 1625 of 1857. 
 
174 
 
 battery suffered considerably on this occasion, having bad no less tban 
 fifteen casualties, its casualties on tbe 9th having amounted to five. 
 
 The omission of all allusion to Captain Gibbon's battery has arisen 
 from my having confounded him ■with Captain Middleton, ■whose 
 battery, I find, ceased to belong to my force on the evening of the 8th 
 March. 
 
 I sincerely hope it is not yet too late for his Excellency the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief to permit a public rectification of a mistake which has 
 very naturally hurt the feelings of a brave body of men, and is calcu- 
 lated to prove injurious to their commander and his subordinate 
 ofiicers, "whose services were witnessed by Sir J. Hope Grant, as well 
 as by myself, and are warmly eulogized by that distinguished ofiicer. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J, OuTRAJi, Major-Genenil. 
 
 Major- General Outram, late Commanding \st Division, 
 to Major Norman^ Deputi) Adjutant- General of the 
 
 Army. 
 
 Calcutta, 24:th May, 1858. 
 
 I have the honour to request that you will do me the favour to bring 
 to the notice of his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, certain unin- 
 tentional omissions of which I find I have been guilty in my despatches 
 — omissions which I know have hurt the feelings, and which I fear may 
 have proved injurious to the interests, of meritorious officers. 
 
 When, on the 25th November, I detailed for his Excellency's infor- 
 mation, the proceedings of the Oude Field Force during the two pre- 
 ceding months, I ought to have stated that, in consequence of the 
 indisposition of Major Galwey, Captain Raikes had for some time com- 
 manded the 1st Madras Fusiliers, and that he had entitled himself to 
 my hearty thanks for the able and zealous manner in Avhich he had 
 acquitted himself of his duties. And the omission is the more to be 
 regretted, as Captain Eaikes' temporary accession to the command of 
 his regiment alone prevented his conducting the operations for the 
 admirable performance of Avhich his junior. Captain Grant, has received 
 his brevet majority. The fact that two of his juniors have been pro- 
 moted for special services, coupled with the omission of his name in 
 my despatches, is calculated to mislead those Avho were not present at 
 Lucknow, into the belief that Captain Raikes had not merited my 
 approbation. The very reverse of this is the case. 
 
 To jNIajor Galwey and the Madras Fusiliers it is due to rectify a still 
 more unpardonable omission in my despatch detailing the operations 
 which his Excellency did me the honour to confide to my conduct 
 during the siege and reduction of Lucknow in INIarch last. During 
 those operations the gallant Fusiliers, under their brave and able 
 commander, acquitted themselves Avith their wonted courage and 
 discipline A Aving of the regiment, under the personal command of 
 Major Galwey, formed part of the column detailed for the storm of 
 
175 
 
 Sliurfoodowlah's mansion ; and tliey it was that actually took posses- 
 sion of the house. 
 
 I would also beg to submit, for his Excellency's most favourable con- 
 sideration, the merits and claims of Captains Bouverie, her Majesty's 
 78th Regiment, and Spurgin, 1st Madras Fusiliers, who, as majors of 
 brigade, rendered valuable assistance to Sir Henry Havelock in our 
 advance to Lvicknow, and to myself during the time we were locked up 
 in that city. Their subsequent valuable services, while under my 
 command at Alumbagh, have already been acknowledged in my despatch. 
 But the zeal, gallantry, and intelligence with which they had previously 
 served the State, in the advance to, and during our stay at, Lucknow, 
 I had left to be described by General Havelock, wdio, I know, in- 
 tended to render full justice to those deserving officers. There is 
 reason to fear that the sickness which resulted in the death of that 
 ever-to-be-lamented officer prevented the fulfilment of his purpose, and 
 that they have in consequence suffered in professional advancement. 
 Under this belief, I venture to hope that, in consideration of their 
 having been under my command during the latter period of the siege 
 of Lucknow, I may be alloAved to be the means of remedying an unin- 
 tentional omission on the part of my deceased and honoured friend. 
 
 I would also venture to solicit his Excellency's most favourable 
 notice of the good services of Lieutenant Dirom, the staff officer 
 attached to Colonel Turner, of the Horse Artillery, while serving with 
 me across the Goomtce. Colonel Turner speaks in high terms of 
 eulogy of Lieutenant Dirom's conduct on that occasion ; and of his 
 soldierly qualities I myself had reason to form a high opinion. The 
 omission of Lieutenant Dirom's name in my last Lucknow despatch 
 was purely accidental. 
 
 I have, &G., 
 
 J. OuTKAM, Major-General. 
 
 The Deputy Adjutant- General of the Army to the Secre- 
 tary to the Government of India Military Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Head Quarters, Camp, Caicnporc, 22nd Dec. 1857. 
 I have the honour, by desire of the Commander-in-Chief, to transmit, 
 for the information of the Eight Honourable the Governor-General in 
 Council, copy of a letter, dated the 15tli instant, No. 7, from Captain 
 L. Barrow, commanding the Volunteer Cavalry with Major-General 
 Sir J. Outram's force, bringing prominently to notice the names of 
 officers who have done good service in the corps under his command ; 
 and I am to request you will have the goodness to acquaint his Lord- 
 ship in Council, that Sir James Outram has been requested to inform 
 Captain Barrow, that the merits of these officers, and more especially 
 of Captain Barrow himself as commandant of the Volunteer Cavalry, 
 are highly appreciated by his Excellency. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 H. W. NoRJiAN, Major, 
 Deputy Adjutant-General of the Army. 
 
176 
 
 Captain Barrow^ Commanding Volunteer Cavalry, 
 to the Chief of the Staff, Ist, or Major- General Sir 
 James Outram's Division. 
 
 Camp, Alumhagh, li>th December, 1857. 
 
 As most of the officers of the Volunteer Cavalry have been removed 
 
 by his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, their services being other- 
 wise required, and many others having left wounded, I trust I shall be 
 excused for bringing prominently to notice the names of all these 
 officers Avho have performed their duty well, and in an entirely new 
 capacity. 
 
 2. The officers as per margin,* marked (a), served, since the force 
 left Allahabad on the Gth July, under General Havelock, and those 
 marked (b) joined at various periods of the campaign. These officers 
 liave not only performed the duties of private soldiers and non-com- 
 missioned officers, but side by side with the privates of the diffi^rent 
 regiments composing the late field force. The arduous nature of these 
 duties is so well known to the Major-General that it only remains to 
 bring to his notice the cheerful and exemplary manner in which the 
 officers performed them. 
 
 3. My object in bringing forwaid the names at this time is, that 
 those now with his Excellency may have their conduct as Volunteers 
 under his notice in their nomination to other appointments, for under a 
 somewhat new and peculiar formation, they have readily adapted them- 
 selves to all circumstances, and behaved throughout as officers should 
 do, anxious to prove themselves good soldiers. 
 
 [The Editor has thought it advisable to insert, at 
 this place, a series of letters addressed by Sir James 
 Outram to the Commander-in-Chief, in which he 
 rectified certain omissions he had made in his previous 
 despatches. These letters, hitherto unpublished, are 
 inserted in justice to the many gallant officers whose 
 names were not publicly mentioned in General Orders, 
 
 * (a) Captain R. L. Thompson, 10th B. N. I.; (a) Captain Shechy, IT. M.'s 
 81st Regiment (dead) ; (a) Captain Hicks, Gth B. N, I.; (a) Lieut. R. Chalmers, 
 45th B. N. I. ; (a) Lieut. Lynch, H. M.'s 70th Regiment ; («) Lieut. "VV. O. 
 Swanston, 7th M. N. I. ; (a) Lieut. Grant, 3rd M. Euro, (dead) ; (b) Lieut. 
 Hearsey, 57th B. N. L; (6) Lieut. Wild, 40th B. N. L; (i) Lieut. Palliser, 63rd 
 B. N. I.; (rt) Lieut. W. Ramsay, 17th B. N. L; (6) Lieut. Brown, 56th B. N. L 
 (dead) ; (i) Lieut. Birch, 1st B. L. C; (a) Coruet Fergusson, 8th B. L. C. ; 
 (6) Cornet R. Goldsworthy, H. M.'s 17th Lancers; (Z<) Cornet W. Goldsworthy, 
 II. M.'s 8th Hussars; (a) Ensign Brander, 37th B. N. I.; («) Ensign Pearson, 
 27th B. N. I. ; (a) Ensign Stewart, 17th B. N. I.; (a) Ensign the Hon. H. H. 
 Hare, 17th B. N. L; (a) Ensign W^oodgate, 11th B. N. L 
 
 Uncovenanted, — (i) J. Erskine, Esq. (dead); (a) W. Bews, Esq.; («) J. Ander- 
 son, Esq. 
 
177 
 
 and who naturally felt hurt at the oversight. The 
 chronological sequence has not been maintained in this 
 case, as it was judged better to keep all the letters 
 relating to the same matter together.] 
 
 Major-General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., to the Adju- 
 tant-General of the Army ^ Head- Quarter Camj). 
 
 Sir, Calcutta^ '2nd May, 1S58. 
 
 I have the honour to request you will do me the 
 favour to submit, for the favourable consideration and 
 recommendation of his Excellency the Commander-in- 
 Chief, this my very urgent appeal on behalf of the 1st 
 Division of the army, which I had lately the honour 
 to command, and which, previous to his Excellency 
 taking the field, was denominated the Oude Field 
 Force. 
 
 Mv earnest desire is, that both officers and men 
 comprising that force, who were engaged in the first 
 relief of Lucknow, and for two months were besieged 
 there, encountering privations of no ordinary nature, 
 and repelling constant and harassing attacks of the 
 enemy, should be granted the boon of one year's service 
 towards pension, already awarded to her Majesty's 32nd 
 Regiment, and to the portion of her Majesty's 84th 
 Foot who formed the original garrison there. The loss 
 the force sustained in entering Lucknow, and during 
 the subsequent defence of the Residency, was upwards 
 of 80 officers and nearly 1,000 men killed and wounded ; 
 a loss fully equal to that sustained by the original 
 garrison. 
 
 Simultaneously with the noble efforts of the garrison, 
 under General Inglis, to maintain their post, and uphold 
 the honour of their country, the relieving troops, under 
 the command of Major-General Havelock, were, during 
 the most trying months of the year, undergoing fatigues 
 ' 12 
 
178 
 
 and perils, and obtaining successes, which have never 
 been surpassed in the annals of Indian warfare. Their 
 subsequent privations and harassing duties during the 
 interval which elapsed before their final relief by his 
 Excellency the Commander-in Chief, has consigned not 
 a few to their graves, and undermined the constitution 
 of many others. 
 
 In support of this application, I would beg respect- 
 fully to remind his Excellency that General Havelock's 
 relieving force have already been placed on an equality 
 with the original garrison in respect of the donation 
 of batta. 
 
 Under these circumstances, I hope that the claims 
 of these troops will be considered by his Excellency and 
 Government as worthy of a similar boon to that which 
 has been awarded to the original garrison, whom it was 
 their good fortune to be instrumental in saving from a 
 position of imminent peril. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Major -General, 
 Late Commandi7ig the Oude Field Force. 
 
 Major- General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., to Lord Can- 
 dling, Governor- General of India. 
 
 My Lord, Calcutta, 2nd May, 1858. 
 
 A year's service having been granted to the 
 officers and non-commissioned officers and privates of 
 her Majesty's service who formed part of the original 
 Lucknow garrison, may I venture to express a hope 
 that your Lordship will secure a similar recognition 
 of their services, not only for the European officers, 
 non-commissioned officers, and privates of the East 
 India Company's service who formed part of that garri- 
 son, but also support the claims of the officers, non- 
 
179 
 
 commissioned officers, and men of both armies, who, 
 under the late Sir Henry Havelock, effected the first 
 relief of Lucknovv in September last, to a participation 
 in the same boon. 
 
 I hope that, in consideration of the death of Sir 
 Henry Havelock, and the departure from India of Sir 
 John Inglis, by whom, perhaps, this application would 
 have been more appropriately preferred, I shall be 
 acquitted of presumptuousness in urging the claims of 
 the brave men with whom it was my proud privilege 
 to be so long associated, and whom I commanded, in 
 the Lucknow garrison, from the end of September until 
 our final and efi*ectual relief by his Excellency the 
 Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 I would beg respectfully to submit to your Lordship's 
 consideration, as the quasi precedent on which I base 
 my appeal on behalf of the glorious troops whom Sir 
 Henry Havelock led into Lucknow, the fact that you 
 were yourself pleased to extend to the latter the six 
 months' batta which had been previously assigned to 
 the original garrison. 
 
 I take the liberty of enclosing to your Lordship copy 
 of a letter I have addressed to the Adjutant- General of 
 the army, under the impression that, as regards the 
 royal army, the initiative rests with the Commander- 
 in-Chief. 
 
 If it be not unwarrantably presuming on your Lord 
 ship's functions, might I venture to suggest that the 
 civil members of the garrison, both covenanted and 
 uncovenanted, should also receive the boon of one year's 
 service. I limit my suggestion to one year, that being 
 all that her Majesty's Government have seen fit to allow 
 to the royal troops. In my own humble opinion, how- 
 ever, the members of the garrison might, with great 
 justice, propriety, and the best possible future effects, 
 12—2 
 
180 
 
 have been allowed one year's service for each month 
 of the siege. A Russian or a French garrison perform- 
 ing such services as those performed by the Lucknow 
 garrison would, I feel assured, have received no less 
 liberal a recognition of their surpassing merits. And 
 should your Lordship feel at liberty to urge such an 
 extension of the boon already granted, I feel assured 
 that the people of England would cordially support 
 and applaud your generous intervention in the matter. 
 I have the honour to be, &c., 
 
 J. OUTRAM. 
 
 Majnr-General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B.^ to Major- 
 General Mansfield, Chief of the Staff. 
 
 Sir, Lucknow, 3rd April, 1858. 
 
 On the I had the honour to for- 
 
 ward, by desire of his Excellency the Commander-in- 
 Chief, a list of officers who had been serving under 
 my command from 26th September to the evacuation 
 of the Residency. Amongst those therein mentioned, 
 was Captain Olpherts, of the Bengal Artillery, who 
 had been recommended by Major-General Sir H. Have- 
 lock for promotion to the brevet rank of major, in 
 which recommendation I most heartily concurred. 
 Should her Majesty be pleased to confer this rank 
 on Captain Olpherts, I would most respectfully request 
 his Excellency's favourable consideration to the service 
 since rendered by that officer, in order that, should his 
 Excellency the Commander-in-Chief attach as much 
 value to them as I do, he may be included in the list 
 of those officers deemed worthy of the honourable dis- 
 tinction of the companionship of the Bath. 
 
 Captain Olpherts left the Baillie Guard with his 
 field battery in a totally inefficient state, many of his 
 
181 
 
 men being dead, and all his surviving horses so reduced 
 by starvation as to be unfit for service. 
 
 In three months from that date, by dint of the most 
 unwearying perseverance. Captain Olpherts' field bat- 
 tery was able to bear comparison with the generality 
 of troops of Horse Artillery for rapidity in coming into 
 action ; and I constantly used it as such with the 
 cavalry. On every occasion Captain Olpherts' battery 
 rendered most essential service ; and. I only consider 
 it due to this officer to bring his merits thus promi- 
 nently forward to the notice of his Excellency — his 
 gallantry being as conspicuous as his indefatigable 
 industry. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OUTRAM. 
 
 Major- General Sir J. Outra?n, G.C.B.^ to the Adju- 
 ta7it- General of the Army, Head- Quarters, Alla- 
 habad. 
 Sir, Calcutta, ISth August, 1858. 
 
 I have the honour to forward, the accompanying 
 letter and its enclosures, from Captain Adair, her 
 Majesty's 5tli Fusiliers, for such consideration as his 
 Excellency the Commander-in-Chief may deem it 
 worthy of. 
 
 I can truly add, that Captain Adair, and every 
 officer and man of her Majesty's 5th Fusiliers, nobly 
 did their duty while under General Ilavelock's and 
 my command. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAM. 
 
182 
 
 Lieutenant- General Sir J. Oufram, G.C.B., to the 
 Adjutant- General of the Army, Head- Quarters, 
 Allahabad. 
 Sir, Calcutta, 28th August, 1858. 
 
 I have the honour to transmit, for the purpose 
 of beinff laid before the Commander-in-Chief, a letter 
 in original from Brigadier Stisted, commanding at 
 Bareilly, dated 1 0th instant, with accompanying repre- 
 sentation of Dr. Jee, of her Majesty's 78th Highlanders, 
 in support of his solicitation of the Victoria Cross, 
 which the Brioadier recommends to the favourable 
 consideration of his Excellency. And to this I beg 
 to add, that I believe Dr. Jee to be a most deserving 
 officer, who, I was aware from the reports which 
 reached me at the time, performed excellent service 
 on the occasion referred to, of which, however, I had 
 no personal cognizance, being myself occupied in ad- 
 vance, and not in command of the troops, at that time. 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Lieut.- General, 
 Late Commanding 1st Division of the Army 
 in the Field. 
 
 Lieutenant- Geyieral Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., to the 
 Adjutant- General of the Army, Head- Quarters, 
 Allahabad. 
 
 Sir, Calcutta, dtlst August, 1858. 
 
 With reference to your letter. No. 2,314, dated 
 25th instant, and in reply to the call, which his Ex- 
 cellency the Commander-in-Chief has done me the 
 honour to make, for my opinion as to the claim of 
 Captain George Hutchinson, of the Bengal Engineers, 
 to brevet promotion, it is my very gratifying duty to 
 declare my belief that that officer deserves such pro- 
 
183 
 
 motion for his services, during the siege of Lucknow, 
 and also, subsequently, for his services as my chief 
 engineer at Alumbagh, which were as important 
 perhaps as could fall to the lot of any field officer of 
 Engineers throughout a lifetime of service. All engi- 
 neering operations under his supervision were admirably 
 executed, and invariably successful in their results ; 
 while the zeal, activity, and bravery. Captain (then 
 Lieut.) Hutchinson displayed on all occasions, repeatedly 
 elicited my warm commendation. 
 
 I can truly say, therefore, that I consider Captain 
 Hutchinson well merits a majority. 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Lieut.- General. 
 
 Major- General Sir J. Outram^ G.C.B.^ to Colonel 
 May hew, Adjutant- General of the Army, Head- 
 Quarters. 
 Sir, Calcutta, 25^A September, 1858. 
 
 With reference to the General Order of the 
 2nd instant, I have the honour to transmit a roll of 
 officers on the divisional staff of the (Oude Field Force) 
 late 1st Division of the army in the field, entitled to 
 Lucknow medals. 
 
 As I presume the force which joined the Lucknow 
 garrison on the 25th December, and aided in the defence 
 of that position for two months, is entitled to the medal 
 for the defence, I have, you will observe, put opposite to 
 the names of the officers belonging to that force " bars, 
 for the first relief, and defence of Lucknow," in addition 
 to the "bar for the capture of Lucknow," confidently 
 hoping that his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief 
 will support their claims to all three bars. 
 
 With reference to my recommendation rolls of the 14th 
 February last, of officers of my division, for promotion 
 
184 
 
 for services during the operation of the force under 
 my command in the months of Septemher, October, 
 and November, 1857, I do myself the honour again 
 to submit a nominal roll of those named therein, who 
 have not yet been promoted, and to solicit for the 
 captains the brevet promotion therein named, and that 
 the names of the subalterns (if the rules of the service 
 admit of it) be published in orders as being registered 
 for brevet promotion on obtaining their company ; as, 
 at present, no member of my personal staff, who served 
 with me throughout the campaign, has in any way been 
 noticed, excepting Sir Kobert Napier ; of these, one 
 (liieut. Hargood) is dead. And among my personal 
 staff may be considered Captain Dawson and Lieu- 
 tenant Hewitt, who served as orderly officers to my chief 
 of the staff during the whole service. 
 
 I take this opportunity of bringing to the notice of 
 his Excellency, the case of a most deserving officer, 
 Captain (now Brevet Major and C.B.) Crommelin, of 
 the Engineers, who, through the accidental omission of 
 his name in the late Sir Henry Havelock's hurried 
 despatches, which had the lamented General lived I 
 am sure would have been rectified, his Excellency will 
 perceive, has received no reward for his services under 
 that officer, he having obtained only the promotion 
 and distinction recommended for his subsequent services 
 under myself; while his fellow workers under General 
 Havelock, previous to my joining him at Cawnporc, 
 who held positions in that General's force, not more 
 important than that of his chief engineer, have obtained 
 the gi'ade of lieutenant-colonel, viz.: Lieutenant- Colonels 
 Tytler, Olpherts, and Brasyer. During that period 
 Captain Crommelin served on Sir Llenry's staff in 
 seven different engagements, and I know that the 
 General assured him that his services during the retreat 
 
185 
 
 across the Ganges, on the 13th of August, which the 
 arrangements made by Captain Crommelin enabled 
 the troops to effect in half a day, and the construction 
 of the bridge (under fire of the enemy) by which we 
 recrossed on the 20th September, were highly ap- 
 preciated by him. Yet, although these operations were 
 certainly most remarkable efforts of engineering skill, 
 accomplished under great personal exposure and exertion 
 on the part of the engineer and his corps, no mention 
 whatever was made of them in the General's brief 
 telegraphic despatches ; but I am sure Sir Henry would 
 have done full justice to Captain Crommelin had he 
 lived, for he expressed himself to me as very sensible 
 of that officer's merits and grateful for his exertions. 
 The several officers whom the General did mention 
 were more immediately connected with the troops that 
 were engaged, and they all received brevet rank in the 
 Gazette that announced the rewards of the Delhi Force ; 
 and had not Captain Crommelin's name been thus 
 accidentally omitted, he would then have received the 
 brevet majority, which he subsequently obtained only 
 when those officers obtained their lieutenant-colonelcy 
 for the after services, which he in common v/ith them 
 had rendered at Lucknow. I respectfully but earnestly 
 beg, therefore, to submit the claim of Captain Crom- 
 melin to a brevet lieutenant-colonelcy, to the favourable 
 consideration of his Lordship the Commander-in-Chief. 
 I beg also to submit to his Excellency, the grounds 
 on which I would recommend a similar distinction 
 being conferred on my late Deputy Adjutant-General, 
 Captain (now Brevet Major) Dodgson ; these grounds 
 being somewhat similar to what I have urged on behalf 
 of Major Crommelin, viz. : — the non-recognition of 
 previous services at Benares, under General Neill, prior 
 to his being placed on my staff and sharing in General 
 
186 
 
 Havelock's campaign in Oudc, for which only, and his 
 subsequent services under myself, he has now been 
 rewarded by a brevet majority. 
 
 Major Dodgson was major of brigade at Benares, 
 when the native infantry at that station mutinied in 
 June last year, when he was wounded. His services 
 on that occasion were such as to elicit the commendation 
 and public thanks of General Neill, and also of Mr. 
 Tucker, the then commissioner at Benares. And had 
 they been communicated to Government at the time, 
 which the confusion then prevailing may have pre- 
 vented, I presume he would, for those services, have 
 obtained a brevet majority, in which case his after 
 services in Oude would have been rewarded with the 
 lieutenant-colonelcy which I now solicit for him, in 
 the conscientious belief that he well deserves it, for 
 the zeal, ability, and devotion to his duty which he 
 has ever displayed. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Lieut.- General, 
 Late Comdg. \st D'w. of the Army in the Field. 
 
 Lieutenant- General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B.,to Colonel 
 May hew, Adjutant- General of the Army, Head- 
 Quarters. 
 
 Sir, 2^th September, 1858. 
 
 With reference to my letter, dated 25th instant, 
 I have the honour to hand up for submission to his 
 Lordship the Commander-in-Chief, in substitution for 
 the nominal roll of those officers named in my recom- 
 mendation roll of the 14th February, but who have 
 not yet been promoted, an amended list which I have 
 just received from Major Dodgson, late deputy adjutant- 
 general of the 1st division. And I beg to ofPer my 
 
187 
 
 apologies for having- previously furnished an incomplete 
 list, owing to my not having all the requisite documents 
 with me to refer to. 
 
 Captain Dodgson has, at the same time, furnished 
 me with a copy of General Havelock's recommendation 
 roll, dated the 14th October, 1857, from which I 
 perceive, that although Captain Crommelin w^as not 
 named in that General's despatch, he was recommended 
 by him for the brevet majority and C.B., which he 
 has obtained, and also that Captain Dodgson was 
 recommended by General Havelock for the brevet 
 majority which he has obtained. It is, therefore, the 
 services of those officers under myself which have not 
 been recognized ; and I beg most respectfully to solicit 
 his Lordship's favourable consideration of the recom- 
 mendation I submitted on their behalf on the 14th 
 February last, for the additional step in rank, which 
 has been granted to their comrades, as mentioned in 
 my last. 
 
 The list I now submit reminds me of Captains 
 Barrow, MacBean, and Spurgin, whose cases I omitted 
 to notice in my letter of the 25th instant, which inad- 
 vertence I very much blame myself for, especially 
 my forgetfulness of Captain Barrow ; for to no officer 
 in my force was I more indebted, or had I a higher 
 opinion of, and who is in exactly the same position 
 as that I therein described Captain Crommelin to be ; 
 he having served with General Havelock from the first, 
 in command of the volunteer cavalry, and was present 
 at, and actively engaged in, every action. He, like 
 Captain Crommelin, obtained the brevet majority and 
 C.B., for which he w^as recommended by General Have- 
 lock, but has not obtained the additional "step in 
 rank " for which I recommended him for his subsequent 
 services, under myself, in the garrison of Lucknow, and 
 
188 
 
 at the Alumbagh. Captain MacBean, the able and 
 indefatigable commissary to whom the 1st Division was 
 so greatly indebted for supplying the force at the Alum- 
 bagh, has only received the promotion recommended 
 by General Havelock for his previous services ; and 
 Captain Spurgin has only received the brevet majority 
 recommended by General Havelock, as brigade-major 
 of his 1st Brigade, although the brigade-major of his 
 2nd Brigade, Captain Bouveric, has obtained his lieu- 
 tenant-colonelcy, these officers having been in the same 
 position, and having performed the same duties, and 
 being recommended in exactly the same terms, by 
 General Havelock and myself. On behalf also of 
 Major Barrow, -Major MacBean, and Major Spurgin, 
 I therefore respectfully solicit his Excellency's support 
 to my recommendation of the 14th February. 
 
 In the medal roll which accompanied my letter of 
 the 25th instant, the name of a civil officer, Mr. George 
 Couper, was inserted by mistake, which I beg you will 
 erase, I having submitted that gentleman's and other civil 
 officers' names to his Lordship the Governor- General. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OUTRAM. 
 
 Lieutenant- General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., to Captain 
 Hutchinso7i, Military Secrctari/ to Chief Com- 
 7)iissio?ier, Lucknow. 
 Sir, Calcutta, 9th October, 1858. 
 
 In reply to your letter, dated 2nd instant, for- 
 warding an application from Captain Alexander Orr, 
 for local promotion on behalf of himself and his brother 
 Captain Adolphus Orr, and communicating the Chief 
 Commissioner's wish that I would give my opinion on 
 their cases, I have the honour to inform you, that 
 I have already twice brought Captain Alexander Orr's 
 
189 
 
 services to the notice of his Lordship the Commander- 
 in-Chief, with my earnest recommendation for his 
 obtaining a brevet majority, he having served zealously, 
 and ably, as the head of my intelligence department, 
 from the date of our advance from Allahabad, in the 
 beginning of September, 1857, until the capture of 
 Lucknow, in March, 1858. 
 
 As Captain Adolphus Orr served only in a subordi- 
 nate capacity in the intelligence department, during 
 the time I held the x\lumbagh, and throughout the 
 operations against the city in March, I do not consider 
 him entitled to the same distinction as his brother, 
 while serving under me. And as none of the other 
 officers commanding posts in the garrison have, so far 
 as I know, received brevet promotion, I should not 
 consider Captain Adolphus Orr entitled to any dis- 
 tinction not conferred on others for that service, such 
 as Captain Evans, &c. If, however, other officers of 
 the garrison have received brevet promotion for com- 
 manding posts, I consider that Captain Orr also w^ould 
 be entitled to the same, provided similar mention is 
 made of him in General Inglis's despatch to what is 
 made of others who have been promoted. 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Lieut,- General. 
 
 Lieutenant- General Sir J. Outrani, G.C.B., to Colonel 
 MayheWy Adjutant- General of the Army, Head- 
 Quarters, via Allahabad. 
 
 Sir, Calcutta, l6th November, 1858. 
 
 I regret extremely to find that, through inad- 
 vertence, an officer's name was omitted in the recom- 
 mendatory list of officers which I submitted for the 
 favourable consideration of his Excellency the Com- 
 
190 
 
 man der-in- Chief in February last, and in which I had 
 always supposed it had been included, until I received, 
 by last mail from England, a letter from the officer 
 in question, pointing out that he had not received 
 the promotion which had been accorded to other officers 
 similarly situated with himself on the general staff of 
 the division under my command at the Alumbagh. 
 
 The officer I allude to, is Captain Gould Read Weston, 
 of the 65th Bengal Native Infantry, a most deserving 
 officer, who commanded one of the posts in the Lucknow 
 Residency throughout the siege, and afterwards served 
 with me at the Alumbagh, where he displayed a zeal 
 and alacrity on all occasions which certainly entitled 
 him to be included in my first recommendation roll, 
 and as he certainly would have been but for the over- 
 sight for which I have expressed my regret. 
 
 But he was included in the list subsequently fur- 
 nished after the capture of Lucknow ; and was favour- 
 ably noticed in the memorandum which I submitted 
 to his Excellency on that occasion. 
 
 Under these circumstances, I beg you will do me 
 the favour to submit my recommendation of this officer 
 for a brevet majority to the generous consideration 
 of his Lordship the Commander-in-Chief, with my 
 respectful apology for now intruding a recommendation 
 so long after the event ; but which, in honour and 
 justice, I could not avoid, feeling as I do that through 
 my own negligence I have unwittingly been the cause 
 of the claims of a deserving officer being so long- 
 passed over. 
 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Lieut.- General. 
 
191 
 
 Colonel Seaton, Commanding \st Madras Fusiliers, to 
 Lieutenant- General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B. 
 
 My dear General, 17 th November, 1858. 
 
 May I bring to your notice one officer of my 
 regiment — Lieutenant Thomas Butler. I hear so much 
 of this young lad's gallantry, that I firmly believe there 
 are few who would not rejoice to see him in possession 
 of the Victoria Cross. I have made him write the 
 enclosed memorandum. The modesty with which he 
 puts his interview down on paper, is quite characteristic 
 of the little fellow. I hear you said more to him ; — 
 
 Conversation between Majo?'- General Sir James Outram, 
 G.C.B., and Lieutenant T. A. Butler, \st Bengal 
 Fusiliers, at Lucknow, on the l6th March, 1858. 
 
 Q. Is your name Butler ? 
 
 A. Yes, Sir. 
 
 Q. Are you the officer who swam the Goomtee the 
 other day (9th March, 1858)? 
 
 A. Yes, Sir. 
 
 Sir J. 0. Well, Sir, it was a most gallant thing, 
 and I have spoken to Sir Colin Campbell on the 
 subject, and you may depend upon it you will not be 
 forgotten. 
 
 Reply of Sir J. Outram. 
 
 My dear Colonel, 
 
 The above memorandum furnished to you by 
 Lieutenant Butler, correctly gives the substance of what 
 passed between that officer and myself on the occasion 
 referred to. But my impression is, that I must have 
 expressed myself more strongly, for I regarded what 
 he had done as one of the most daring feats achieved 
 
192 
 
 by any individual throughout the campaign. I men- 
 tioned the circumstance to Lord Clyde, who was, I 
 believe, as much struck with it as I was myself. I 
 also noticed it in my " memorandum " which was pub- 
 lished with the Chief's despatch. 
 
 I, myself, would have recommended Butler for the 
 Victoria Cross had I not thought that, to do so, would 
 be irregular, the act being performed when we were 
 under the Chief's immediate command. But I had 
 hoped that my notice of it in my " memorandum " 
 would secure the cross for him ; and can only conclude 
 that it escaped his Excellency's recollection. I still 
 hope, therefore, that if you brought it to his Lordship's 
 notice, he may be induced to obtain the Cross for that 
 gallant young soldier. 
 
 Very sincerely yours, 
 
 J. OUTRAM. 
 
 LieiUencmt- General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., to Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel Mayhew, Adjutant-General of the 
 Armi/, Head- Quarters. 
 
 Sir, Calcutta, 27th December , 1858. 
 
 With reference to your letter, dated 4th ultimo, 
 to the Government of Lidia in the military department, 
 which only lately came under my observation, I observe 
 that my letter to your address of the 29th September 
 last was therewith handed up to the Governor-General 
 by the Commander-in-Chief's order, with a commentary 
 on the recommendatory list, which I had transmitted 
 with that letter for his Excellency's consideration. 
 
 But my letter of the 29th September referred to 
 a previous one, which I had addressed to you on the 
 25th September, without which his Lordship the 
 Governor-General could not fully appreciate the grounds 
 on which I advanced certain of my recommendations. 
 
193 
 
 I beg, therefore, that you will do me the favour to 
 obtain the Commander-in-Chief's sanction for laying my 
 letter of the 25th September also before the Governor- 
 General. 
 
 In the commentary appended to your letter of the 
 4th November, I observe that it is stated that the 
 cases of Captains Clerk and Rich, of the Military 
 Train, are " not known to the Chief of the StaiF." 
 
 The correspondence, or communications, regarding 
 those officers, passed between Colonel Berkely and 
 Major Norman, I believe, to which circumstance I 
 attribute the Chief of the Staff not being cognizant 
 of those cases ; but I can have no doubt that his Excel- 
 lency the Commander-in-Chief was cognizant of them ; 
 for I understood, at the time, that his Lordship 
 approved of the names of two officers of the Military 
 Train being submitted with recommendation for promo- 
 tion, in the same manner as the names of two officers 
 of each of the European infantry regiments of the 1st 
 Division had been submitted by order of the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief, conveyed through Major Norman. 
 And, with the utmost respect, I beg leave to appeal 
 to his Excellency for confirmation of this fact; for, 
 to the best of my recollection, his Lordship did. me 
 the honour to express to me, personally, his approval 
 of my recommendation of Captain Clerk, if not also of 
 Captain Rich. 
 
 With reference to the remark in your commentary 
 respecting the " subalterns " recommended by me, I beg 
 to submit, that, in my previous letter of the 25th 
 September, I solicited merely that " their names (if the 
 rules of the service admit of it) be published in orders, 
 as being registered for brevet promotion, on obtaining 
 their company," a course which, I believe, had been 
 followed on previous occasions. And in justice to 
 13 
 
194 
 
 Lieutenant Hewitt, and to myself, as having recom- 
 mended that officer, who you remark " is simply an 
 officer of less than two years' standing," as also to the 
 late Captain Dawson, I beg to refer to the eulogy of 
 those officers contained in Brigadier - General (then 
 Colonel) Sir R. Napier's report, dated the 5th October 
 last, transmitted with my despatch, dated the 25th 
 November. 
 
 I am, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Lieut.' General, 
 
 Lieut. -General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., to Major 
 No7'man, Officiati7ig General of the Army. 
 
 Sir, Calcutta, Mtli May, 1859- 
 
 I have the honour to acknowledge your letter, 
 dated 7th instant, forwarding copy of a despatch from 
 the Right Honourable Secretary of State for India, dated 
 16th February last, communicating observations on the 
 list of recommendations made by me for further pro- 
 motions and honours on account of services performed 
 by several officers recently under my command, which, 
 by desire of his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, 
 I am requested to return with such remarks as I may 
 have to offer either with reference to the cases par- 
 ticularized by you, or any other points upon which the 
 documents touch. 
 
 I beg most respectfully to observe, that had it not 
 been for the unfortunate omission, when handing up 
 my letter of 29th September, to transmit therewith a 
 previous communication, therein referred to, which I had 
 had the honour to tender to the Adjutant-General, under 
 date the 24th idem, and without which I considered 
 that " the grounds on which I had advanced certain of 
 my recommendations could not be fully appreciated," 
 
195 
 
 this reference would, I believe, have been unnecessary, 
 as I therein had submitted the requisite explanations. 
 And as that document was subsequently forwarded to 
 the Governor- General by order of his Excellency, in 
 continuation of the letter of the 4th November, to which 
 the Eight Honourable the Secretary of State's com- 
 munication is a reply, I presume that it has been 
 transmitted to his Lordship (together with my letter, 
 dated the 27th December last, bringing the omission to 
 notice) with yours of the 2nd March in reply, and 
 your letter to the Secretary to the Government of India, 
 dated the 3rd March, conveying his Excellency the 
 Commander-in-Chief's animadversions on the represen- 
 tations which, in my letter of the 24th September, I 
 had submitted, of what I conceived to be the inequality 
 that had occurred in the distribution of rewards to 
 the officers enumerated in the list which accompanied 
 that letter (and in the subsequently amended list 
 transmitted with my letter, dated the 29th September). 
 I do not, therefore, now — in deference to the decision 
 which his Excellency pronounced in rejection of these 
 claims — presume to recapitulate my arguments in their 
 support : and I confine myself accordingly to barely 
 enumerating some of the individuals who, according 
 to my conviction, have not been adequately rewarded, 
 in comparison, at least, with others employed on the 
 same service who had obtained gi'eater rewards, as 
 shown in my letter dated the 24th September ; their 
 relative positions being practically as follow : 
 
 Major Barrow, Major Dodgson, and Major Mac- 
 Bean,* have received only the rewards to w^hich they 
 
 * In the memorandum -which accomi)anied Colonel Mayhew's letter of tlie 
 4th November, it is stated that Major MacBean had not been in charge of the 
 commissariat since the first relief of Lucknow, which is a mistake, that officer 
 liaving continued in charge of the commissariat of the 1st Division while we 
 held the AUinibagli. 
 
 13—-' 
 
196 
 
 were recommended by the late Sir Henry Havelock, but 
 no recognition of tbeir subsequent services under myself 
 after our junction with the Lucknow garrison on the 
 25th September, 1857, and at the Alumbagh, nor of 
 Major Dodgson's previous services, under General Neill 
 at Benares ; whereas their comrades, Lieutenant- Colonels 
 Olpherts and Brasyer, obtained the brevet rank of 
 lieutenant-colonel and C.B., in addition to the brevet 
 majority, which they had all acquired in common. 
 
 Major Crommelin has received only the rewards which 
 I know were designed for him by General Havelock, 
 for his services while under his own command, and no 
 further recognition of his subsequent services under me 
 during the two months we were besieged with the 
 Lucknow garrison. 
 
 All these six officers got their majorities early in 1858 
 (Olpherts on the 19th January, the others on the 24th 
 March), but shortly afterwards Lieutenant- Colonels 
 Olpherts and Brasyer were advanced to the higher rank 
 they now hold (Olpherts on the 24th March, 1858, 
 Brasyer on the 20th July, 1858), while the others 
 remain majors. 
 
 I was not aware, until informed by your letter, now 
 under reply, that Lieutenant-Colonel Bouverie had 
 obtained his majority, for services in Persia ; that fact 
 removes the inequality which I had supposed existed 
 between his case and that of Major Spurgin. 
 
 Lieutenants Hutchinson, Innes, and James, have 
 since obtained brevet majorities on obtaining their 
 companies. 
 
 My explanation regarding Captains Clerk and Rich, 
 of the Military Train (whose names appeared in my 
 list as recommended for majority), submitted in mv 
 letter to your address dated the 27th December last, 
 elicited from you, in your letter to the Secretary to the 
 
197 
 
 Government of India, dated the 2nd March, the reasons 
 why Captain Rich had not been recommended by his 
 Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, while no mention 
 was made of Captain Clerk ; but I have since observed 
 his name in the Gazette as promoted to major. 
 
 Lieutenants Thomas, Hussell, Limond, Johnson, and 
 Garden, and local Captain Alexander Orr, have not, 
 I believe, obtained any promotion ; but I rejoice to 
 observe it stated in Lord Stanley's letter, that the 
 claims of the last-mentioned deserving officer are under 
 consideration. 
 
 It appears that Lieutenant Hudson, of H. M.'s 64th 
 Regiment, was erroneously designated " captain " in my 
 list, as I observed, in the memorandum v.'hich ac- 
 companied Colonel Mayhew's letter of the 4th November, 
 that that officer had subsequently obtained his company. 
 
 Surgeons Scott and Ogilvie have, I understand, 
 obtained the companionship of the Bath, but not, I 
 believe, the step in rank vvhich I recommended. 
 
 Lieutenant Eraser is dead. 
 
 The above are all the names contained in my list, 
 with the exception of personal staff, my aides-de-camp, 
 Lieutenants Chamier and Sitwell, have received no 
 reward (a third aide-de-camp. Lieutenant Hargood, 
 died before the list was submitted). The only recogni- 
 tion I had suggested for these officers — they being 
 subalterns — was, " that their names (if the rules of the 
 service admit of it) be published in orders as being 
 registered for brevet promotion, on obtaining their com- 
 pany," and the same to Captain Dawson (since died of 
 his wounds), and Lieutenant Hewitt, orderly officers to 
 Colonel Napier, my then chief of the staff. With 
 reference to the latter it is observed in your memorandum 
 of the 4th November, that " Lieutenant Hewitt is simply 
 an officer of less than two years' standing ; he was simply 
 
198 
 
 orderly officer to Colonel Napier," on which I would 
 beg to remark, that his being so young in the army 
 renders, in my judgment, the zeal and devotion with 
 which he performed the arduous and frequently danger- 
 ous duties he was exposed to, in attendance on Colonel 
 Napier (to which that officer bears warm testimony), 
 the more conspicuous and praiseworthy, while the short 
 period of his service renders it very improbable that 
 he can reap the reward I had suggested for many years, 
 as it can be obtained only when promoted to captain by 
 regular rise in a seniority service. 
 
 Having been called upon to offer these remarks on 
 the cases contained in my recommendation roll, I beg 
 to remind you of my subsequent letter to the Adjutant- 
 General, dated the l6th November last, bringing to notice 
 the fact, for which I expressed my extreme regret, that 
 I had unwittingly omitted the name of Captain Gould 
 Weston, of the 65th Bengal Native Infantry, which 
 I solicited might be inserted in the roll with my 
 recommendation to a brevet majority. A copy of that 
 letter is appended, to which I have received no reply. 
 And I have since had to reproach myself for another 
 omission in my list, of which I was not aware until 
 I received a letter of remonstrance from the neglected 
 officer. Captain Hicks, of the 22nd Native Infantry, 
 dated the 3rd instant, which I beg leave to submit 
 in original, for the consideration of Lord Clyde, with 
 my earnest recommendation of a brevet majority for 
 him also ; for I am bound to testify to the strict correct- 
 ness of the modest statement of his services contained 
 in this letter. 
 
 On receiving Captain Hicks's most just remonstrance, 
 I was much distressed by the supposition that the door was 
 now closed to my bringing forward further claims, and 
 on expressing my inability now to take the initiative in 
 
199 
 .r 
 
 his behalf, I suggested to him the only course I thought 
 still left, viz. : to submit a memorial to the Commander- 
 in-Chief, which I hoped his Excellency would allow me 
 the opportunity of supporting, by referring the memorial 
 to me for my report. But the opening now given to 
 me will, I hope, be deemed by his Lordship to warrant 
 my thus bringing forward Captain Hicks's case also, 
 and recommending it to his favourable consideration. 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Lieut.- General. 
 
 Lieutenant- General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., to the 
 Adjutant- General of the Army, Head- Quarters, 
 Allahabad. 
 Sir, Calcutta, l6th August, 1858. 
 
 Under the impression that, when called upon 
 last February* to submit the names of the officers who 
 had served under me, from the 26th September, 1857 
 (the date of my assuming command at Lucknow), until 
 the 17th November, when relieved by his Excellency 
 the Commander-in-Chief, whom I believe deserving 
 of commendation or reward, I was expected to notice 
 those only who had served under rae at Lucknow, 
 I confined myself, therefore, in the reply which I 
 then submitted, to the mention of members of that 
 garrison alone. I am now informed, however, that his 
 Excellency's intention was, that I should submit the 
 names of those who served under me, within the limits 
 of my then command, and as those limits included Cawn- 
 pore at that time, I hope, if not too late, I may now be 
 permitted to rectify my mistake in omitting to mention 
 the services of an officer to whom I was indebted for 
 maintaining my communications with Cawnpore — con- 
 
 * As these documents are with Captain Dodgson, my late Deputy Adjutant- 
 General, I am unable to give the precise dates. 
 
200 
 
 vcying my orders to tlic officer commanding there — and, 
 as the medium of my correspondence with Government 
 and Head-Quarters, Major (then Captain) Ilcrhert 
 Bruce, of the 2nd Bombay European Regiment ; which 
 services, though repeatedly and gratefully acknowledged 
 in my letters addressed to himself, I regret to think I 
 may not officially have brought to the notice either of 
 his Excellency or of Government. 
 
 The important duties of a civil nature which Major 
 Bruce performed at Cawnpore arc well known to 
 Government. But they may strictly be regarded as 
 military services ; for martial law then prevailed 
 throughout the Cawnpore districts, and Major Bruce 
 administered a military government under the direct 
 orders of the successive generals commanding, i. e.. 
 Brigadier- General Neill, Major-General Havelock, and 
 myself. And to his exertions are to be attributed the 
 tranquillity that prevailed during the whole period we 
 were beleaguered in Lucknow ; the maintenance of com- 
 munication between Cawnpore and Alumbagh, through 
 the police posts which Captain Bruce established ; and, 
 in a great measure, the supplies which were from time 
 to time thrown into the Alumbagh, by which that 
 important post was preserved. 
 
 The military aid which Major Bruce at the same time 
 afforded to Brigadier Wilson, commanding at Cawn- 
 pore, and in the intelligence department, through which 
 communication was maintained with me, were most 
 important. 
 
 I trust, therefore, I may be pardoned for now sub- 
 mitting these services for the consideration of his Excel- 
 lency the Commander-in-Chief, and such notice as he 
 may deem them deserving of. 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Lieut' General. 
 
2U1 
 
 Lieutenant- General Sir J. Outram, G.C.B., to L. 
 Bowring, Esq., Private Secretary to the G over nor - 
 General. 
 Sir, Calcutta, 2^th September, 1858. 
 
 The military authorities having called for rolls 
 of all officers of the Staff who served under mc at 
 Lucknow, entitled to the Lucknow medal, I have 
 accordingly furnished such a roll of the military officers 
 to the Adjutant- General of the army. But there were 
 civil officers likewise attached to my staff whose names 
 I beg you will do me the favour to submit to the Hight 
 Honourable the Governor- General, with the expression 
 of my hope that his Lordship will consider them to 
 be entitled, in addition to the medal, to the bars 
 specified opposite to their names, viz, : — 
 
 Mr. W. J. Money, my late private secretary, for 
 medal and three bars, viz. : one for first relief, one 
 for defence, and one for capture of Lucknow. 
 
 Mr. G. Couper, late secretary to the Oudc Commis- 
 sioner, medal and two bars, viz. : one for defence, and 
 one for capture of Lucknow. 
 
 I take this opportunity of begging respectfully to 
 submit to his Lordship's consideration the great claim 
 which I consider Mr. Couper may justly be deemed 
 to possess, to some higher and personal distinction, 
 for his services, not only in the garrison during the 
 siege, of which such honourable mention was made 
 in General Inglis's despatch, but, also, for his subse- 
 quent services under myself while holding the Alum- 
 bagh, and during the operations for the capture of 
 the city, throughout which period he attended me in 
 the field, and officiated as aide-de-camp. But my 
 official obligations to Mr. Couper were not confined 
 to services of this nature : still more important services 
 
202 
 
 were rendered by this gentleman, and he displayed 
 a devotion to his duty seldom equalled, if ever sur- 
 passed, by a civil functionary, in sacrificing family 
 and personal considerations to remain with the Alum- 
 bagh force, on my representing that the public interests 
 required his presence. On this subject I did myself 
 the honour to address Mr. Secretary Edmonstone on 
 the 24th March last ; and for convenience of reference 
 I annex an extract from that letter, to which I beg 
 to refer his Lordship. 
 
 For these services, and his self-devotion, I think 
 Mr. Couper is well entitled to the honour of a civil 
 companionship of the Bath, for which I feel myself 
 bound to solicit his Lordship's recommendation. 
 I have, &c., 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Lieut.- General. 
 
 Extract Para. 7 of Letter to Mr. Edmonstone. 
 
 Dated Lucknow, 24th March, 1858. 
 7th. Mr. Couper, my official secretary, has already 
 been brought to his Lordship's notice in the military 
 despatches of Sir John Inglis and myself. But I 
 should be guilty of great ingratitude did I not 
 avail myself of the present opportunity again to solicit 
 his Lordship's favourable recognition of this zealous 
 and able officer. On the final relief of Lucknow by 
 the Commander-in-Chief, the state of Mr. Couper's 
 health rendered a change of climate most desirable, 
 and he had strong and valid reasons, personal and 
 domestic, for wishing to return to England. But when 
 I represented to him that his local knowledge and 
 official experience rendered his continued presence with 
 the Alumbagh force of great importance, he promptly 
 and cheerfully consented to sacrifice his interests and 
 
203 
 
 feelings to the public good ; and I do not hesitate to 
 say, that by this act of self-denial he has placed the 
 State under very great obligations. To myself he has, 
 indeed, been an invaluable assistant ; and I acknow- 
 ledge, with gratitude, the aid, information, and counsel, 
 he has rendered me. 
 
 (True extract.) 
 
 J. OuTRAM, Lieut.- General. 
 
 General Orders by the Right Honourable the 
 Governor-General. 
 
 Allahabad, 1 5th May, 1858. 
 
 The Right Hon. the Governor- General directs the 
 publication of the two following despatches from the 
 Honourable the Court of Directors, with the greatest 
 satisfaction. 
 
 It will be seen that the Honourable Court fully 
 approve and support the recommendation in respect of 
 prize, which the Governor- General in Council has made 
 in favour of the gallant troops composing the field force 
 by which Delhi was captured. 
 
 It will also be seen that in respect of batta, the grant 
 of six months' batta which has been already awarded by 
 the Governor- General in Council, and beyond which the 
 authority of the Government of India does not extend, 
 has been increased by the Honourable Court to a grant 
 of batta for twelve months, in favour of the Delhi Field 
 Force and of the original garrison of Lucknow. 
 
 The Honourable Court have further ordered a dona- 
 tion of six months' batta to be given to all those belong- 
 ing to, or accompanying, the force under Major- General 
 Sir H. Havelock, which entered the Residency on the 
 25th of September last. 
 
 R. J. H. Birch, Colonel, 
 
 Secy, to the Govt, of India ^ Mily. Dq)t., 
 
 ivith the Govr. Genl. 
 
204 
 
 Our Governor- General of India in Council. 
 
 London^ 31si March, 1857. 
 
 1. The whole of these clocuments* have been published in the 
 London Gazette. The perusal of thorn has excited throughout the 
 Biitish dominions, and Ave may add, throughout the civilized Avorld, 
 sentiments of enthusiastic admiration for the undaunted courage and 
 the still higher qualities of indomitable resolution, fidelity, and endur- 
 ance of long-continued danger, trial, and privation, displayed by the 
 comparatively small body of troops and volunteers, which so success- 
 i'ully defended the Residency ; for the distinguished gallantry of the 
 forces under the late lamented Sir Henry Havelock, and the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief, by which they were successively relieved ; for the 
 generous and soldierlike feeling which prompted Jslajor-General Sir J. 
 Outram, on joining Sir H. Havelock's force, to abstain from assuming 
 the position due to his superior rank, and to leave in the hands of that 
 officer the completion of the service he had so triumphantly begun; for 
 the eminent services of Sir J. Outram, after a junction had been 
 effected with the garrison of the Residency, on the 25th September, 
 until the arrival of the relieving force under his Excellency Sir C. 
 Campbell; and pre-eminently consununate skill manifested by General 
 Sir Colin Campbell, in withdrawing without loss the noble garrison, 
 and all protected by them, to a place of safety. 
 
 2. It affords us the highest gratification to communicate to you our 
 cordial approval of the measures adopted by you, in recognition of the 
 heroism of the defenders of Lucknow, viz. : — 
 
 I. " Every officer and soldier, European and native, who has formed 
 part of the Residency between the 29th June and the 25th September 
 last, shall receive six months' batta. 
 
 II. " Every civilian in the covenanted service of the East India 
 Company, who has taken part in the defence of the Residency, Avithin 
 the above-named date, shall receive six months' batta, at a rate calcu- 
 lated according to the military rank with Avhich his standing corre- 
 sponds. 
 
 III. " Every uncovenanted civil officer or volunteer, Avho has taken 
 a like part, shall receive six months' batta, at a rate to be fixed 
 according to the functions and position which may have been assigned 
 to him. 
 
 IV. " Every native conmiissioned and non-commissioned officer and 
 soldier who has formed part of the garrison shall receive the order of 
 merit, with the increase of pay attached thereto, and shall be permitted 
 to count three years of additional service. 
 
 V. " The soldiers of the 13th, 4Sth, and 7lst Regiments N. I., who 
 have been part of the garrison, shall be formed into a regiment of the 
 line to be called the ' Regiment of Lucknow.' " 
 
 3. We have now to announce to you our resolution to grant an 
 
 * Keply to letter, dated lltli December, 1857, No. 324. Government forwards 
 a narrative of the defence of the Residency at Lucknow, and copies of the Jl- 
 spatches announcing tlie relief of tlie garrison. 
 
205 
 
 additional donation of six months' full batta, to all those engaged in 
 the defence of the Kcsidency between the 29th June and 25th Septem- 
 ber, 1857, and a donation of six months' batta to all those belonging 
 to, or accompanying the force under the command of Major-General 
 Sir H. Havelock, which entered the Residency on the 25th September, 
 and was engaged in its defence from that time till the 22nd of Novem- 
 ber, 1857. 
 
 We are, &c., 
 
 Ross D. Mangles, 
 
 F. CURRIE, 
 
 And Eight Others. 
 
 General Orders by His Excellency the 
 Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Head- Quarters, Camp Bareilly, llth May, 1858. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief has received the most 
 gracious commands of her Majesty the Queen to com- 
 municate to the army the expression of the deep interest 
 felt by the Queen in the exertions of the troops and the 
 successful progress of the campaign. 
 
 Sir Colin Campbell has delayed giving execution to 
 the Royal command, until he was able to announce to 
 the army that the last great stronghold of rebellion had 
 fallen before the persevering efforts of the troops of her 
 Majesty and the Honourable East India Company. 
 
 It is impossible for the Commander-in-Chief to ex- 
 press adequately his sense of the high honour done to 
 him in having been chosen by the Queen to convey her 
 Majesty's most gracious acknowledgment to the army, 
 in the ranks of which he has passed his life. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief ventures to quote the very 
 words of the Queen : — 
 
 "That so many gallant and brave and distinguished 
 men, beginning with one whose name will ever be re- 
 membered with pride, Brigadier- General Havelock, 
 should have died and fallen, is a great grief to the 
 Queen. To all European, as well as native troops, 
 
206 
 
 who have fought so nobly and so gallantly, and amongst 
 whom the Queen is rejoiced to see the 93rd, the Queen 
 wishes Sir Colin to convey the expression of her great 
 admiration and gratitude." 
 
 By order of his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, 
 
 W. Mayhew, Lieutenant- Colonel, 
 
 Adjutant-General of the Army. 
 
PART III. 
 
 COREESPONDENCK. 
 
 LUCKNOW. 
 
CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Relating to the 3Hlitary Operatioits for tlie 
 Rescue of the Garrison in Liiclcnow, from the 
 middle of August, 1857, tohen Sir James 
 Outram assumed command at Dinapore, until 
 its final Relief hy Sir Colin Campbell on the 
 \lth November, 1857. 
 
 Sir James Outram to the Governor- General. 
 
 Dlnapore, \^th August, 1857- 
 
 On the evciiino- of the 15th instant we anchored off 
 Bhaugulporo, where I landed to inspect the defensive 
 preparations of Mr. Yule, the Commissioner, which I 
 found to be everything I could desire, eighty men of 
 H.M.'s 5th Regiment occupying a Mahomedan tomb on 
 an elevated position, impregnable by any enemy not 
 furnished with artillery, and which thoroughly com- 
 mands and protects the Commissioner's house and 
 public offices. Mr. Yule had kindly given up a portion 
 of his house as an hospital for the Europeans, among 
 whom cholera had broken out. Three had died ; 
 others were suffering; but the disease had taken a 
 milder form, and I trust will have entirely ceased by 
 this time. At midnight, Mr. Yule came on board to 
 inform me that the 5th Irreixular Cavalrv, stationed at 
 Bhaunfidpore, had mounted and fled with their arms 
 three hours before, thouoh the circumstance was onlv 
 just reported to him. It appears that as our steam.'jr 
 14 
 
210 
 
 and flat exhibited only some twenty soldiers, they 
 imagined that a stronger body was concealed for 
 the purpose of surprising and disarming them during 
 the night, and this caused the panic through which 
 they fled. 
 
 Half of their native officers remained ; the troopers 
 molested no one, and left all their property behind them. 
 Before our departure, shortly after daybreak on the 
 10th, Mr. Yule reported having ascertained that the 
 cavalry had taken the direction of Bowsee, 36 miles 
 from Bhaugulpore, where the head-quarters of the 32nd 
 N. I. are situated. Up to this moment we have learnt 
 nothing further pf their proceedings, or whether they 
 induced the 32nd Regiment to follow their example ; 
 but the flight of the sowars having been reported by 
 telegraph to ]\Ionghyr and Dinapore, created, as we 
 found on our arrival at these towns, a very unnecessary 
 alarm. 
 
 Mr. Tucker had withdrawn his detachment of Euro- 
 peans (fifty men of the 5th Fusiliers) into the fort, 
 some three miles in circumference, all the gates of 
 which, except one, he had closed up, and the town was 
 left without any protection. 
 
 Fifty European soldiers would be no real protection to 
 so extensive a place; but their mere appearance in the 
 town gave a sense of security to the people ; and taking 
 them away to shut them up in the fort had of course 
 the very contrary efl*ect. I therefore wrote to Mr. 
 Tucker, remonstrating against the measure (copy en- 
 closed), and caused corresponding instructions to be 
 conveyed oflicially to the officer commanding. I also 
 directed the officer commanding at Bhaugulpore to send 
 up to Monghyr thirty of his Europeans ; the remainder 
 of his detachment being quite sufficient for that place in 
 addition to the hill rangers. Both places have now as 
 
211 
 
 much European protection as can possibly be afforded, 
 and quite as much as is needed to give confidence. On 
 arrival near Patna, the night before last, I learnt that 
 the panic had extended to Dinapore, and that the 90th 
 Regiment, which had passed up the river four days 
 before, had been recalled. I immediately despatched 
 an express to prohibit the reti^rn of the regiment ; but 
 unfortunately it did not reach in time to stop the return 
 vessels, which came back yesterday evening, and, I re- 
 gret to say, with cholera on board (a doctor had died). 
 This has necessitated landing the men, in order to 
 cleanse and purify the vessels, which cannot be ready 
 for their reception before to-morrow evening. 
 
 The delay thus caused in the advance of this regi- 
 ment, and the disease likely to be engendered by long 
 confinement on board crowded boats during the present 
 extreme heat, are the more provoking as there is in reality 
 not the slightest cause for alarm here. So satisfied am 
 I on this subject (after the precautions I have ordered 
 to be carried out, the mountain train guns being placed 
 at the Opium Godowns in such positions as to effec- 
 tually protect them, and at the same time overawe the 
 town, &c.), that I have ordered a detachment of 100 
 men of the 90th Regiment, which had been kept 
 back here, to join the regiment. And I would send 
 away another 100 men of the 5th Fusiliers, who also 
 have been detained here, were they not required for the 
 town duties, which could not safely be entrusted to the 
 * * Regiment under the ***** exasperated 
 feelings it displays towards natives of all classes just 
 
 now, 
 
 ****** 
 
 ****** 
 
 in reveno-e for the slauohter of their comrades at 
 
 Arrah. 
 
 14—2 
 
212 
 
 I purpose taking on two guns of the battery here 
 (leaving the mountain train for service in Behar if neces- 
 sary hereafter, for which I intended it), and also Major 
 Eyre's battery, to Benares, where I propose, if prac- 
 ticable, to organize a column to advance to Luck- 
 now, through Jaunpore, between the Sye and Goomtee 
 rivers ; — the only course now left by which we can hope 
 to relieve our garrison in Lucknow ; General Havelock 
 having again retired from the attempt, and recrossed 
 the Ganges to Cawnpore, being unable, I imagine, to 
 cross the Sye in the face of the enemy, the Bunnee 
 brido-e havincj been destroved. In addition to the 
 Artillery above mentioned, I can only have the 5th 
 Fusiliers and 90th Eegiments, so weakened by detach- 
 ments as to amount together to less than 1,000 men — 
 some of the Ghoorkas perhaps, and the Madras Eegi- 
 ment now on its way up the river. But I hope to 
 arrange with General Havelock — after effecting a junc- 
 tion with such troops as he can forward from Cawnpore 
 — to cross the Ganges about Futtehpore, and pass the 
 Sye near Roy Bareilly. I would there prepare rafts 
 (on inflated skins) by which these reinforcements would 
 cross the Sye. We should then be in sufficient strength, 
 I trust, to force our way to Lucknow. 
 
 All my arrangements here will be completed by to- 
 morrow, and no time shall be lost in pushing up to 
 Benares, whence I hope to send back most of the 
 steamers and flats now here, and above. Aware as I 
 am how urgently these vessels are required at Calcutta, 
 I am very much vexed that such great and unnecessary 
 delays should have interposed, by detentions here, at 
 Dinapore, and other places ; and your Lordship may 
 rely on my preventing any further delay that can pos- 
 sibly bo avoided. 
 
213 
 
 To G. F. Edmonstone, Esq., Secretary to Govermnent. 
 
 Dinapore, 20th August, 1857. 
 I have the honour to transmit for tho information of 
 the Eight Ilonourahlc the Governor- General in Council, 
 copy of a memorandum received from Commissioner 
 Samuells, explaining his views of the state of Bchar, 
 and the measures necessary for its pacification, with 
 copy of my reply of this date. 
 
 (Enclosure.) 
 Memorandum by Mr. Samuells for General Sir James 
 
 Outram. 
 
 Fatna, 18th August, 1857. 
 
 There are tliree objects in this division for -wliicli it appears neces- 
 sary to provide. The first is, the security of the city of Patna, 
 including the opiuui Godown ; the second, clearing the district of 
 Arrah of the rebel bands which now infest it, and re-opening the com- 
 munication between Benares and the Soane; and, thirdly, the protec- 
 tion of the district «f Gyah, which is at present open to the incursion 
 of the rebel troops from Ramghur. The first of these objects seems to 
 be, in a great measure, secured. The only desiderata appear to be 
 a small detachment of Europeans in the Godown, the improvement of 
 its defences, and the construction of a f )rtified post in the civil station 
 of Patna, which would at once protect that portion of the city in the 
 vicinity of the station, and vServc as a place of security for the residents 
 in the event of any sudden c'mcute. 
 
 The second of these objects, the pacification of the Arrah district, is 
 of very great importance. On the speedy attainment of this object 
 the opium crop in that district depends, which is worth to Govern- 
 ment, as I am informed, not less than half a million sterling. While 
 Arrah remains also disturbed, the districts in its immediate neigh- 
 bourhood will continue in an inflammable state, and the communica- 
 tion between Calcutta and Benares — whether by dak or telegraph — 
 interrupted. Y\''ere a small force, similar to that now under Major 
 Eyre, to be posted at Sasseram, it would, with the aid of the detach- 
 ment at Buxar, be able, it is presumed, to preserve the peace of the 
 district ; to keep the Trunk Road free ; and to prevent the Ramghur 
 and Bhaugulpore mutineers from crossing the Soane at Dehree. 
 
 The Madras Column, Avhich is about to move up the Trunk Road, 
 may, when it reaches Sasseram, perform the same service as jNIajur 
 Eyre's detachment, or any similar detachment, from this side, in 
 keeping the road and district free of insuigents, but it is to be con- 
 sidered that they will not be able to head mutineers, who will luive a 
 
214 
 
 long start of them, ami that the hatter, by occupyuig the ghats on the 
 Soane, may render it impossible for the column to cross without the 
 co-operation of a force on the Arrah side. 
 
 Gyah, it is obvious, is in a dangerous position, if the rebel troops 
 from Eamghur should move upon it, the small party now there being 
 quite inadequate for its protection. If the ghats on the Soane are 
 unoccupied, and the road towards Benares open, it is not at all impro- 
 bable that they maj^ avail themselves of the trunk road as far as they 
 can, and plunder the district of Gyah until the approach of the column 
 which is moving up the trunk road, and which cannot reach Gyah for 
 the next three weeks, forces them to decamp. It would thus seem that 
 the safety of Gyah and Shergotty would be, in a great measure, secured 
 by a small force at Sasseram. For the rebels, finding the trunk 
 road closed, would naturally take the hill road by Lohardugga. 
 
 These are, in a concise form, the considerations which occur to me 
 on the subject of the defence of this division. It is, of course, for the 
 military authorities to consider whether the force at their disposal, or 
 the pressing need of troops in other quarters, Avill admit of the arrange- 
 ments which I have suggested being carried out, or Avhether better 
 arrangements cannot be made for the attainment of the objects which 
 1 have specified, 
 
 E. A. Samuells, Commissioner. 
 
 (Enclosure.) 
 
 Colonel Napier, Military Secretary to Sir James 
 Outram, to E. A. Samuells, Esquire, Commis- 
 sioner of Patna, 
 
 Dinajiore, 20th Avgust, 1857. 
 
 I am directed by IMajor-General Sir James Outram, K.C.B., com- 
 manding the Dinapore and Cawnpore divisions, to acknowledge the 
 receipt of your memorandum, on the protective measure for Behar, 
 which I laid before him. 
 
 The first point of the memorandum, the security of the city of 
 Patna, has been jDrovided for in the following manner: — 
 
 The Opium Godown is being fortified in a temporary but substan- 
 tial manner, by Captain Harris, an experienced engineer ofliccr, and 
 armed with six mountain train guns. In addition to its present gar- 
 rison of 70 Sikhs, and a small party of Najeebs, it has a detachment 
 of 80 of H.M.'s Fusiliers, which, with two 9-pounder guns, is posted 
 at the civil station. 
 
 During the Mohurrum these detachments will be doubled, from the 
 cantonment of Dinapore, or still further increased should the Com- 
 missioner think it necessary. 
 
 Sir James Outram considers these arrangements amply sufficient for 
 the present security of Patna. Kegarding the remaining points of 
 your memorandum, the pacification of Arrah, and its results as affect- 
 ing the opium crop, he deems them less ui'gent than the vital interests 
 
215 
 
 at stake higher tip the country, to forward -which every European 
 soldier not absolutely necessary for the protection of Dinapore and 
 Patna must be sent on. Tlie rebels in the Arrah district have been 
 defeated and dispersed. "With Gyah and Arrah reoccupied, those dis- 
 tricts must be held by the detachment now there,* and such police and 
 local means as the civil authorities can organize : and the principal 
 zemindars should be held strictly responsible for the peace of the 
 elaquas under their influence. 
 
 Major Eyre's battery is most urgently called for in advance, and 
 under no circumstances can it be longer detained at Arrah. Sliould 
 Koer Singh reappear in force, the column approaching by the trunk 
 road must be called upon to act against him if absolutely necessary. 
 
 The Madras Kegiment now coming up the river may be employed 
 under cii'cumstances of extreme urgency, but, in addition to the de- 
 mand for its presence in advance, it is of the utmost importance that 
 its upward -progress should not be interrupted, if it can possibly be 
 avoided. For it is of the greatest moment that the vessels it occupied 
 should be speedily released to return to Calcutta, after landing the 
 regiment at Benares. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief (Sir Colin Campbell) to 
 Sir J. Outram. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) I8th August, 1857. 
 
 It is hoped that Eyre's signal success at Jugdesporc 
 will restore tranquillity in the Dinapore division, and 
 enahle you to send on the 5th and 90th Regiments to 
 their original destination, Allahabad ; or at least one of 
 those regiments. If one must be retained in Behar, 
 keep the 5th, and send on the 90th the moment you can 
 spare it. The flats and steamers they now have should 
 take on the regiments to Allahabad. Give notice to 
 the officer commanding at Allahabad as soon as you 
 despatch the troops, in order that every preparation 
 may be made for their reception. 
 
 The wing of the 37th Regiment was sent up ex- 
 pressly for the purpose of relieving the detachments 
 belonging to the regiments of Havelock's force as far as 
 practicable ; it is very desirable that this arrangement 
 
 * Arrah: 150 Sikhs, Bieutenant Robertson, Lieutenant Powis; Gyah: 43 men 
 H. M.'s 54th, 3 officers, 150 Sikhs, and head-quarters, under Captain Itattray. 
 
216 
 
 should still be carried out, and those detachments 
 pushed on rapidly to Cawnpore, to join their regi- 
 mental head-quarters. 
 
 Havelock's force is composed of portions of the 64th, 
 78th, 84th, and 1st Madras Fusiliers. Your returns will 
 show you where the detachments belonging to tliem are 
 posted in the Dinaporc and Cawnpore divisions. Bear 
 in mind the extreme importance of maintaining a strong 
 garrison in Allahabad ; 500 Europeans, at least, are 
 required. 
 
 A column of troops will start from Raneegunge 
 to-morrow or the next day, and march along the great 
 trunk road to Benares, and thence on to Allahabad. 
 The officer in command has been directed to report to 
 you daily, and attend to any instructions you may send 
 him. 
 
 The column consists of — 
 
 Wing of 53rd Foot. 
 
 Madras Field Battery, 6 guns. 
 
 27th Bcgiment Madras Native Infantry. 
 
 Possibly this column may be moved on Hazareebaugh, 
 to re-establish order there ; but its detention will be very 
 short, and a report will be made to you. 
 
 P.S. — It is an exceeding satisfaction to me to have 
 your assistance, and to find you in your present position. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Dinapore, 20th August, 1857. 
 
 Received at Dinapore, on the evening of the 20tli 
 August, by letter from Monghyr, dated yesterday, the 
 purport of a message from your Excellency, read by 
 a gentleman at the telegraph station, five miles from 
 
217 
 
 Monghyr, which he thus communicated. Last message 
 which should have arrived at Patna not yet received. 
 Beg to refer to letter I yesterday addressed to Governor- 
 General, stating manner in which I purpose relieving 
 Lucknow (not prudent to entrust to telegraph), which 
 would necessitate disemharking 5th and 90th Kegiments 
 at Benares, instead of Allahabad. If not approved, 
 your Excellency's orders by telegraph may reach me at 
 Benares by the time those regiments can get there. 
 Had already telegraphed to-day, urging despatch of 
 wing of the 27th to relieve the detachments of regi- 
 ments at Berhampore, Bhaugulporc, Monghyr, Patna, 
 and Buxar, which cannot rejoin their head-quarters 
 until so relieved. Will see that the garrison of 
 Allahabad is up to the strength your Excellency 
 mentioned. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief to Sir J. Outram. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) 20tJi August, 1857- 
 
 Information from General Havelock, of yesterday's 
 date, made it appear expedient to send this forenoon 
 the following instructions to the officer commanding the 
 detachment on board the steam-vessel Benares at Mirza- 
 pore. 
 
 P.S. — I was not aware that the 90th Begiment had 
 passed Dinapore when I sent the message. 
 
 Tlie Commander-in-Chief to the Officer commanding 
 Her Majestj/'s 5th Regiment, on board the Steamer 
 " Benares.'"' 
 
 Calcutta, 20th August, 1857, 11 a.m. 
 If you should not have received instructions from 
 
218 
 
 General Outram as to the future movements of the 
 cletacliment of her Majesty's 5th E-egiment under your 
 command, you are to order the steamer Avith her Ma- 
 jesty's detachment to proceed with all possible despatch 
 to Allahabad. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to E. A. Samuells, Esq. 
 
 Ditiapore, 20th August, 1857. 
 
 As I am resolved to make my way to Lucknow from 
 Benares, through Jaunpore, passing up between the 
 Goomtee and the Sye, and thus turn the latter obstacle, 
 which Havelock was, I understand, unable to cross 
 owing to the bridge being destroyed,* I must collect all 
 the few Europeans that can be rendered available, and 
 shall be obliged, therefore, to withdraw the 100 men of 
 the 90th left at Buxar, A\hich town must hold its own 
 until the Madras Regiment comes up (due in a week at 
 furthest, I should think), on which you can make requi- 
 sition for a company to be landed as the steamer passes 
 that place — should you not be able to afford a portion of 
 the 150 Sikhs at Arrah for the protection of Buxar. 
 I enclose an order to the officer commanding the Madras 
 Regiment, to obey any requisition you may make on 
 him. 
 
 When I reach Buxar, I shall ascertain if one com- 
 pany will suffice ; should I find that more be neces- 
 sary, I will leave an order with Cowper accordingly. 
 Please don't let out my proposed plan of advance on 
 Lucknow, it being an object to make it believed I 
 purpose taking the Fyzabad route. 
 
 * Such was our information at that time, but it was afterwards ascertained 
 that the Bunnee Bridge had not been destroyed. 
 
219 
 
 Sir J. Oufrum to Henry Tucker^ Esq., Commissioner 
 
 of Benares. 
 
 Dinapore^ 20th August. 
 
 I thank you for your suggestions for the relief of the 
 Lucknow garrison. From the reports prevailing here, 
 it would appear scarcely possible they can hold out for 
 the length of time that would be occupied by my 
 advance bv either of the routes vou recommend ; but it 
 is my determination to make the attempt if their posi- 
 tion is still maintained. I had intended to push on 
 yesterday, but to my extreme vexation, on my arrival at 
 Patna the day before yesterday, I learnt that orders had 
 been sent to recall the 90th four days after it had left 
 this. I instantly sent off an express, directing it to pro- 
 ceed to Benares without delay, but unfortunately my 
 message was met by the vessels on their way down, when 
 only an hour's sail from here. And as they required 
 coal, and cholera had broken out, they were obliged to 
 come down, and arrived the night before last. It was 
 found necessary to land the men for twenty-four hours, 
 in order to fumigate and cleanse the vessels. They re- 
 embark this evening, and no further delays will be 
 allowed in their upward progress. Grant and I also 
 embark to-night, and will join you as soon as possible. 
 For reasons which I will explain when we meet, I prefer 
 the land route (through Jaunpore to Lucknow) to that 
 of the Gogra, independent of the consideration of the 
 detention of the steamers which would be caused by 
 the latter operation, they being urgently required to 
 bring troops, &c., from Calcutta. 
 
 My idea is, to form a column at Jaunpore, consisting 
 of portions of the 90th and 5th Fusiliers, and any other 
 European troops that may be available, the Ghoorkas, 
 Eyre's troop, and two guns from this battery which I 
 
220 
 
 shall take up with mc. With this column, I would 
 make my way up hetwcen the Sye and Goomtee till 
 about opposite Perlabghur or Koy Barcilly, where I 
 would prepare skin rafts to enable such portion of 
 Ilavelock's force as can be spared from Cawnpore (to be 
 dropped down in steamers, and landed at the nearest 
 point to the place fixed on for crossing the Sye) to 
 effect a junction with me there. I should then have 
 little difficulty in forcing my way to Lucknow. 
 
 I have no accounts as to Ilavelock's proceedings on 
 his last advance, or why he again retired, or of the state 
 and proceedings of the garrison. Pray send every 
 intelligence you may have on these points to meet me at 
 Buxar, which they tell me is three or four days' steaming 
 from hence. Also let me know if the troops retained 
 at Mirzapore (or what portion of them) may now be 
 withdrawn, to add to our Jaunpore column. 
 
 In the meantime, I beg you will cause the necessary 
 commissariat preparations to be made for the troops 
 which will proceed from Benares to Jaunpore. (All 
 will go from Benares in the first instance, I presume, 
 where the 90th, 5th, and all other Europeans had best 
 land.) Ample carriage, camp equipage, and supplies, 
 should be ready at Benares, as also supplies at Jaun- 
 pore. 
 
 As many skins (mussucks) as procurable should be 
 got, and bamboos, poles, &c., for preparing rafts. Prav 
 telegraph to Plavelock, in my name, to keep up every 
 appearance of preparation to recross the Ganges, as if 
 meditating another advance on Lucknow — but in reality 
 to keep the enemy in that direction, Avho otherwise 
 would move down to oppose our advance from Jaunpore. 
 Better say nothing to Havelock at present of my inten- 
 tion to call for his co-operation (from heloiu Cawnpore), 
 lest it might get wind through the telegraph. There 
 
221 
 
 will bo time enough to arrange this when I join you at 
 Benares. 
 
 If the Ghoorkas have already gone to Allahabad, 
 they can, v/hen the time comes, be sent over to the same 
 point where Ilavelock crosses to effect his junction with 
 me across the Sye. It would be as well for you to let 
 Havelock know that you had recommended me to go up 
 the Gogra and relieve Lucknow from Fyzabad, without 
 tellin(? him I had decided on takino- the other route, 
 thus leading the telegraph people to suppose I am to 
 come that way, and I hope this may ooze out at Cawn- 
 pore, and so lead the enemy to expect and prepare for 
 us at Fyzabad, vv^hich would have the good effect of 
 obliging those rebels to remain there (who otherwise 
 might move down upon our districts), besides putting 
 them on a false scent calculated to facilitate my 
 operations. 
 
 ■ Sir J. Outram to the Secretary to the Government 
 
 of India. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Dinapore, 20th August, 1857. 
 
 I recommend that all spare medical officers in Cal- 
 cutta or the lower provinces may be sent to Allahabad 
 for field service, with orders to call at Dinapore and 
 Benares for instructions in case of any urgent demand 
 for their services. 
 
 The Secretary to the Government of India to 
 Sir J. Outram. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 24th August, 1857, 5 p.m. 
 We have been collecting some medical officers at the 
 Presidency to accompany detachments of troops going 
 upwards; does this arrangement answer the purpose you 
 have in view ? 
 
222 
 
 TJie Commander-in-Chief to Sir James Outram. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) 22nd August, 1857, 11.45 p.m. 
 
 I am rejoiced to hear of your arrival at Dinapore. 
 
 The force under General Havelock is reduced by 
 casualties on service, and by cholera, which has been 
 and still rages in his camp, to 700 men in the field, 
 exclusive of detachments which guard the entrenchment, 
 and keep open the communication with Allahabad. He 
 is threatened by a force of some 5,000 men, with twenty 
 or thirty guns, from Gwalior, besides the Oude force. 
 He says, he "is ready to fight anything, but the above 
 "are great odds, and a battle lost here would do the 
 "interest of the State infinite damage: I solicit rein- 
 "forcements." His applications for assistance have been 
 frequent, and, deeming his situation to demand imme- 
 diate aid, I ordered the 90th Regiment to be sent to 
 him with all possible speed, as also the detachment of 
 the 5th Kegiment, which was on board the Benares 
 steamer, if it could be spared. Pray send the 90th 
 Eegiment at once to his aid. I will write to you to- 
 morrow. 
 
 The Commander-in- Chief to Sir James Outram. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 2?>rd Aug. 1857, 11.15 a.m. 
 
 Since my telegram to you of 11.45 last night (Au- 
 gust 22nd), urging the immediate despatch to Allahabad 
 and Cawnpore of the 90th Kegiment, and, if possible, 
 also of the detachment of the 5th Regiment on board 
 the Benares steamer, I have received two fresh tele- 
 grams from General Havelock, pressing for reinforce- 
 ments. He states, unless immediate reinforcements are 
 promised by telegraph, he must at once abandon Cawn- 
 pore, and fall back on Allahabad. 
 
223 
 
 His loss by cholera was six men daily, and he had lost 
 two officers on the 20th by the same disease. His sick 
 in hospital were 331, principally for tholera and wounds. 
 The Gvvalior force, rated at 5,000 men, with thirty guns, 
 had crossed the Jumna. 
 
 I will send you by post, copies of all his recent tele- 
 grams, addressed to the Commander-in-Chief. This 
 includes those to General Grant, as well as to myself. 
 
 I believe the troops, not only in the Dinapore but also 
 in the Cawnpore division, have been placed under your 
 orders, and you should therefore be acquainted with all 
 that has recently taken place in the neighbourhood of 
 Cawnpore. 
 
 Brigadier- General Havelock to the Commander- 
 in- Chief. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Caivnpoi'e, 23rd Aug. 1857, 5j9.m. 
 
 I forward to you a copy of a letter this day received 
 from Colonel Inglis, 32nd Regiment, commanding at the 
 Residency, Lucknow: — 
 
 " My dear General, Lucknow, Avgust 16th, 1857. 
 
 "A note from. Colonel Tytler to Mi\ Gubbins readied last night, dated 
 Mungulwar, 4tli instant, the latter part of -which is as follows : — 
 
 " ' You must aid us in every way, even to cutting your way out, if we 
 can't force our way in. We have only a small force.' 
 
 " This has caxised me much uneasiness, as it is quite impossible, with 
 my weak and shattered force, that I can leave my defences. You must 
 bear in mind how I am hampered, that I have upwards of 120 sick 
 and wounded, and at least 220 women, and about 230 childi-en, and no 
 carriage of any description, besides sacrificing twenty-three lakhs of 
 treasure and about thirty guns of sorts. In consequence of the news 
 received, I shall soon put this force on half lations. Our provisions 
 will last us then till about the 10th of September. If you hope to 
 save this force no time must be lost in pushing forward. We are daily 
 being attacked by the enemy, who are within a few yards of our de- 
 fences. Their mines have already weakened our post, and I have every 
 reason to believe they are carrying on others. Their 18-pounders are 
 within 150 yards of some of our batteries, and from their position, and 
 our inability to form working parties, we cannot reply to them, and 
 therefore the damage is very great. My strength now in Europeans is 
 
224 
 
 350, and 300 Natives, and the men dreadfully harassed, and, owing to 
 part of the Ivcsidency having been brought doAvn by round shot, many 
 are without shelter. If our native force, who are losing confidence, 
 leave us, I do not know how the defences are to be manned. Did you 
 receive a letter and plan from me? Kindly answer this question. 
 
 "Yours truly, 
 
 "J. Inglis." 
 
 Mr. H. Tucker, Civil Commissioner at Benares, in- 
 formed me that it is the intention of Sir J. Outram to 
 ascend the Gogra, and relieve Lucknow by Fyzabad, 
 and that Sir James desires my co-operation by making 
 a demonstration of recrossing the Ganges; even to do 
 more by striving to regain my strong position of Mun- 
 gulwar, or more nearly approaching Lucknow; but I 
 must have fresh troops to enable me to do either of 
 these. 
 
 Tlie Commander-in-Chief to Sir J. Outram. 
 
 Calcutta, ^^th August, 1857. 
 
 I am extremely happy, and deem myself most fortu- 
 nate, to find myself associated with you on service, and 
 to have the advantage of your able assistance in carry- 
 ing on the duty on which we arc now engaged. 
 
 I send you, herewith, the different telegraphs received 
 from General Havelock since my arrival ; they will 
 make you fully acquainted with his operations in Oude ; 
 his reasons for recrossing the Ganges ; his subsequent 
 operations in the neighbourhood of Cawnpore, with 
 account of his loss by sickness and casualties in the 
 field ; his present numbers, and their condition as to 
 health and efficiency. 
 
 I have been favoured by the Governor- General with 
 a perusal of yours to his Lordship of the 19th instant, 
 in which you propose to collect a force of about 1,000 
 infantry and eight guns at Benares, v>dth a view to 
 
225 
 
 march to the relief of our garrison in Lucknow, by the 
 most direct route from thence, and that the force under 
 General Havelock at Cawnpore should co-operate with 
 you in this movement, by crossing the Ganges at 
 Futtehpore, and the Sye subsequently (with your assist- 
 ance) at Roy Bareilly, and forming a junction with you 
 beyond that place. 
 
 General Havelock states, in his telegraph of the 20th 
 instant, that his force is reduced to 700 men in the field, 
 exclusive of the detachments required to guard his 
 entrenchments and keep open his communication with 
 Allahabad, and so inadequate does he consider his force 
 to be for the defence of his post, that he states in his 
 telegraph dated August 21st, 12.30 p.m., that, if not 
 assured of reinforcements by return of telegraph, he will 
 retire to Allahabad. Hope of co-operation from General 
 Havelock (by a force equal to accomplish the movement 
 you propose, by crossing the Ganges at Futtehpore) is 
 not to be entertained. The march from Benares, by the 
 most direct route, to Lucknow, is a long one — some 
 150 miles — and the population through which you 
 would have to pass, hostile. Its great recommendation 
 I presume to be that you (by that route) turn, or, 
 rather, come in rear of, the many nullahs which, I am 
 told, interpose between Cawnpore and Lucknow, and 
 this would be an important advantage. But if the force 
 you propose to collect at Benares were to be moved by 
 the river to Cawnpore, and united with Havelock's 
 reduced numbers, do you think it would be equal to 
 force its way over the numerous nullahs, necessarily full 
 of water at this season, which are to be found on the 
 road from the latter place to Lucknow ? By this route 
 all incumbrances, such as sick, &c., would be left at the 
 different stations or posts along the road, and the troops, 
 being conveyed by steam, would suffer less than if 
 15 
 
226 
 
 obliged to march, and Havelock's anxiety about his post 
 would be removed. 
 
 In offering these remarks or suggestions to you, who 
 are acquainted with the country, people, and difficulties 
 attending the movements you propose, it is not with 
 any view to fetter your judgment and perfect freedom of 
 action, but I mention these as they occur to me in 
 writing to you, and I think I may venture to say, that 
 the measures you may deem most advisable to pursue, 
 will receive the approval of the Governor- General. 
 I hope to have the pleasure of hearing from you. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief to Sir J. Outram. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 24th Aug. 1857, 12 p.m. 
 
 I have written to you by the post of this evening, 
 forwarding copies of all telegraphs received from 
 General Havelock, with my replies to this date. 
 
 The Governor- General showed me your letter to him 
 on the movement you proposed to make from Benares, 
 and of the object of that movement ; General Havelock 
 to co-operate with you by crossing at Futtehpore, and 
 subsequently the Sye, near to Eoy Bareilly.* .... 
 
 Since writing the above, the following despatch has 
 come in from Havelock :— 
 
 ( Enclosure. ) 
 
 Brigadier- General Havelock to the Governor -General 
 
 of India 171 Council and the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Cawnjjore, 2itli August, 1857, 12 a.m. 
 
 I am thankful for the effort you made to reinforce me. I will com- 
 nnmicate with Sir James Outram, and have telegraphed to Benares to 
 learn where he is. I am leaving Lieutenant-Colonel O'Brien 650 infan- 
 try in Allahabad, but as he Avill have Captain Peel's Naval Brigade and 
 powerful guns for the defence, it would be advantageous to me if I 
 
 * Recapitulation of the previous letter of this date. 
 
227 
 
 could be authorized to send him back the thirty invalid artillery, and 
 receive in exchange the 3rd Company 5th Battalion now at Allahabad, 
 which would enable me to equip and ^vork my heavy guns. With the 
 reinforcements promised, I could resume the initiative, and march to 
 Lucknow, if the place should not unfortunately have fallen before the 
 reinforcements arrive. 
 
 The Governor- General of India to Sir J. Oufram. 
 
 (Telegi^aphic.) 2bth August, 1857- 
 
 Upon well considering the plan proposed in your 
 letter of the 19th, it seems open to these objections : — 
 
 The road to Lucknow by Jaunpore is bad ; it lies 
 through a country in insurrection ; there would be great 
 difficulty in keeping communications open in your rear ; 
 there would be no safe places at which to leave the sick 
 and wounded ; supplies must be uncertain ; the march 
 will be 1 50 miles, and will not be eased or expedited by 
 carriage or water conveyance. 
 
 The road by Allahabad and Cawnpore is much longer ; 
 but none of these objections apply to it. It will bring 
 you into junction with General Havelock's force, which, 
 considering the small strength of each force, seems very 
 necessary ; and if the Gwalior regiments advance, you 
 will have them in front. But the road by Jaunpore may 
 have advantages of which I am not aware ; and I am 
 confident that your deliberate judgment will decide for 
 the best. 
 
 It is not probable that the relief of the Lucknow 
 garrison will be facilitated by the abandonment of 
 Cawnpore ; but, if this should be the case, do not 
 hesitate to abandon it. The political importance of it, 
 and the cost of recovering it, are not to be weighed 
 against the relief of Lucknow. 
 
 Accounts from Lucknow to the l6th were received 
 last night. There are 350 Europeans and 300 natives ; 
 but they have 120 sick, and 450 women and children, 
 15—2 
 
228 
 
 and no carriage ; they cannot therefore cut their way 
 out. They are hard pressed ; but a reduction to half 
 rations will enable them to hold out till the 10th of 
 next month. 
 
 Endeavour to communicate with Colonel Inglis, and 
 tell him that he is not to care for the treasure if it 
 should be an incumbrance, but that he may use it in 
 any way for the release of the garrison. 
 
 The detachment of the 29th Kegiment cannot be sent 
 from Calcutta ; but more than 400 men of the 90th and 
 5th will be despatched to Benares by bullock train, at 
 the rate of 80 a day, beginning from Friday next : each 
 batch will be eleven days on the road. 
 
 I wish you to communicate with Mr. Frederick 
 Gubbins at Benares, respecting Rajah Maun Sing; he 
 will be able to give you the latest information of the 
 Rajah's proceedings. 
 
 I am told that Rajah Maun Sing is gone to Lucknow 
 on business of his own. If his influence there should 
 enable him to obtain by any means the unmolested 
 retirement of the garrison from the Residency, and its 
 safe passage to your camp, or to any place of security, 
 any reward may be paid for this, both to Maun Sing 
 and to those who may help him, which shall not be in- 
 consistent with the sovereign authority of the British 
 Government in Oude. 
 
 /Sir J. Outram to the Commander-in- Cldef. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Gliazeepore^ "ibth Aug. 1857, I0p.77i. 
 
 Received your message of the 22nd instant this 
 evening. 
 
 In accordance with these orders, the 90th Regiment 
 complete (minus three companies coming from Calcutta), 
 and such portion of the 5th as I have collected, will 
 
229 
 
 be sent on by steamer to xlllahabad, and thence pushed 
 on by quickest means practicable. This prevents my 
 carrying out my intended advance to the relief of Luck- 
 now from Jaunpore or Koy Bareilly, as proposed in my 
 letter to the Governor- General from Dinapore dated 
 20th instant, no other European troops being available ; 
 but the necessity for reinforcing General Havelock 
 seems imperative. 
 
 By a letter from Cavvnpore, dated the 19th instant, I 
 learn that General Havelock's moveable column consists 
 of 1,100 Europeans and 250 Sikhs, exclusive of 300 
 Europeans holding Cawnpore under General Neill. 
 
 The 90th, the detachment of the 5th, and Eyre's 
 battery, left Buxar yesterday in three steamers and 
 three flats, and I hope may overtake me at Benares the 
 day after to-morrow. 
 
 I have relieved the half of Eyre's battery, left here, 
 by two guns from the battery at Dinapore. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Ghazeepor-e, 2bt]i August, 1857. 
 
 Since my message of this morning, I have received 
 your message of the 23rd, stating that, if not assured of 
 speedy relief. General Havelock will have to fall back 
 on Allahabad; I shall send express to Benares desiring 
 my message to be sent to General Havelock, informing 
 him when he may expect the 90th and the 5th, and any 
 other troops that may now be available at Allahabad. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Henry Tucker, Esquire, Commissiotier, 
 
 Benares. 
 
 Ghazeepore, 2bth August, 1857. 
 Imperative orders have reached me here by telegraph 
 to send on the 90th to Cawnpore, where all troops that 
 
230 
 
 can be spared are needed to enable Havelock to hold 
 that place ; consequently my intended advance on Luck- 
 now via Jaunporc is out of the question for the present. 
 Pray transmit the accompanying telegram as soon as pos- 
 sible to Calcutta. And also telegraph in my name to 
 Havelock, informing him that the 90th and 5th will be 
 here to-day, en route to Allahabad; that the steamers 
 will get up as quick as they can ; and that those troops, 
 and any others that may be available, shall be pushed 
 on from Allahabad by the quickest possible means. 
 Also tell him of any other Europeans that may be on 
 their way to join him — as those relieved from Mirzapore, 
 I presume. 
 
 I trust to be with you to-morrow evening. 
 
 P.S. — Tell Havelock that of course I have given up 
 the intended advance direct on Lucknow for the present, 
 as all available Europeans will be sent to him. Also 
 say, I beg to congratulate him on his brilliant successes 
 against the enemy. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Lord Dunkellin, Military Secretary 
 to the Governor-General. 
 
 GJiazeepore, 25th August, 1857. 
 
 The enclosed notes, which I received last night from 
 Cawnpore and Benares, give a more favourable view of 
 our positions at Cawnpore and Lucknow than we had 
 been led to apprehend. And I do hope the Lucknow 
 garrison may be able to hold out till we obtain such fur- 
 ther reinforcements as may enable me to advance to 
 their relief through Jaunpore and Roy Bareilly, as I 
 informed the Governor- General I contemplated. 
 
 That expedition cannot be carried out for the present, 
 as all European troops must be pushed on to reinforce 
 
231 
 
 Havelock. I write in great haste, as we are just about 
 to start for Benares. 
 
 I trust my telegrams hence, in reply to those of the 
 Commander-in-Chief of 22ncl and 23rd, showing that 
 his orders would be carried out as soon as possible, have 
 been duly received. . 
 
 The Cornmander-in- Chief to Sir J. Outram, at 
 Benares. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) 2Qth August, 1857, 7.30 ^J.m. 
 
 General Havelock wishes to have the 3rd Company 
 5th Battalion of Artillery, now in garrison at Allahabad, 
 sent to him at Cawnpore, in exchange for the 30 invalid 
 artillery-men now in his camp. If you approve of this, 
 give the necessary orders by telegraph to the officer com- 
 manding at Allahabad, to forward them to him by the 
 first opportunity, and to tell ofi^ a special party of in- 
 fantry to assist in working the guns in the meantime. 
 Kindly inform General Havelock of your decision on 
 this point. 
 
 Captain Peel, R.N., with his sailors, left this for 
 Allahabad by river on the 20th instant. 
 
 Sir J. Out ram to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 (Telegraphic.) Bena?'eSf 28th Aug. 1857, 5 /».??^. 
 
 May Captain Peel's brigade occupy Allahabad for the 
 present, as proposed by General Havelock, thus releasing 
 infantry, so much required just now? As the Marine 
 Brigade could not be provided with infantry escort 
 beyond Allahabad, until General Havelock returns from 
 Lucknow, Captain Peel's brigade could not be more 
 usefully employed. 
 
232 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Secrefaru to the Government 
 in India. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Benares, 28th Aug. 1857, ^jj.m. 
 
 When were the horses for Major Eyre's battery de- 
 spatched^ Were they sent by the trunk road, or by 
 river? 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Benares, 29th August, 5. SO 2).m. 
 
 The Collector of Mirzapore reports that there is only 
 a small supply of coals at Mirzapore; that the rebels 
 from Arrah have passed by Segowlee, and destroyed the 
 coal there. No more to be got thence at present. Very 
 little coal remains at Benares. More coals should be 
 sent up immediately. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 (Telegraphic.) Benares, 29th Aug. 1857, 5.30 p.m. 
 
 Major Cotter, commanding Madras battery at Benares, 
 reports that the sergeant-turners, artificers, and drivers, 
 were detained at Dum Dum. I recommend that they 
 may be sent to him as soon as possible. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief to Sir J. Outram, or the 
 Officer commanding at Benares. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) 
 
 Eighty men of the 9th Regiment were sent off to 
 Raneegunge yesterday, to be forwarded by bullock train 
 and horse dak to Benares. A like number will be 
 despatched every day, until the whole detachment of the 
 5th, 64th, and 90th Regiments, now at Chinsurah, have 
 been exhausted. The total strength of these detach- 
 
233 
 
 mcnts is 582 men. The officer commanding at Allaha- 
 bad to forward this despatch by telegraph to Cavvnpore, 
 if General Outram is not at Allahabad. General Out- 
 ram is requested to give directions as to the disposal of 
 these several detachments, after their arrival at Benares. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Commissioner of Goruckpore. 
 
 Benares^ ^^th August. 
 
 Thanks for your letters of 22nd and 25th instant, the 
 first received on my arrival here yesterday, and the 
 latter just now (one p.m.) 
 
 The enclosed from Chester, received this morning, 
 gives a very difi^erent view of affairs at Lucknow from 
 what you gather from the intercepted correspondence. I 
 trust, however, the report that the garrison were nego- 
 tiating^ for terms which the so-stvled Kino- scorns to 
 grant, has no foundation in truth, being set about 
 probably by the enemy.* 
 
 My proposed advance to Lucknow through Jaunpore 
 has been knocked on the head by Havelock's urgent call 
 for reinforcements, without being assured of w^hich (he 
 telegraphed to Government on the 21st) he would fall 
 back on Allahabad, and the consequent orders of the 
 Commander-in-Chief, which I have received by telegraph 
 to send on to him the 90th and 5th. Those being the 
 only European troops I had for my intended expedition, 
 of course that cannot now be carried out ; and you will 
 gather what I now propose doing from the enclosed copy 
 
 * As will be afterwards seen, the reports of a king having been thus early 
 proclaimed at Lucknow were erroneous. No such measure was adopted, and 
 no regular government attempted to be established, until after General Have- 
 lock's force had been fairly shut up in Lucknow, under circumstances which 
 the rebels believed must ensure the speedy destruction, by famine, of it, and of 
 the original garrison. Then only did the entire population of Oude believe 
 that it would be impossible to restore the British Ilaj in that province; and 
 then only did the majority of the Oude chiefs and landed proprietors give in 
 their adhesion to the rebels. — Ed. 
 
234 
 
 of a telegram I yesterday flashed up to Havelock. 
 Under these circumstances, as I cannot move through 
 Jaunpore, whence the aid of the Goorkhas would have 
 been available, the latter camiot better be employed for 
 the present than in maintaining Jaunpore and Azim- 
 ghur, and if possible recovering Goruckpore ; but I fear 
 that is too much to hope for. 
 
 No greater service could be rendered by them to the 
 British Government, and no higher proofs of our con- 
 fidence in them could be given, than thus placing two 
 of our richest districts under their protection. 
 
 I have ordered four 9-pounders complete, with ample 
 store of ammunition, to be landed, and made over to the 
 Goorkha commander. They are in a steamer which 
 left Ghazeepore the day after us, and ought to be here 
 to-day. 
 
 I leave to-morrow for Allahabad, where I hope again 
 to hear from you. I can only write this hasty note to- 
 day, being much interrupted. 
 
 P.S. — At Colonel Strachey's suggestion, I have also 
 ordered two 12-pounder howitzers to be landed for you. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Benares, 2Qth August, 1857. 
 
 I was honoured yesterday by the receipt of your 
 Excellency's letter dated 24th instant, and beg to thank 
 you for the very kindly and cordial greeting with which 
 it commences, and which I very gratefully appreciate. 
 
 The objections your Excellency urges against the 
 advance from Benares on Lucknow direct are well 
 grounded. Still I am satisfied I might penetrate into 
 the city by that route without much difliculty ; the chief 
 objection I see to it being the length of the route. It is 
 indispensable, however, that General Havelock should 
 
235 
 
 be reinforced under the circumstances he represents ; 
 and as this necessitates my sending him all the Euro- 
 peans I possess, of course my proposed expedition must 
 be given up, and I still hope they may reach Cawnpore 
 in time to enable General Havelock to relieve Lucknovv 
 in accordance with his message to your Excellency of 
 the 25th instant, wherein he says that — " with the re- 
 " inforcements promised, I shall resume the initiative, 
 " and march to Lucknovv, if the place should not unfortu- 
 " nately have fallen before the reinforcements arrive." 
 I repeat so much of his message, lest it may have mis- 
 carried between this and Calcutta. I send for your 
 Excellency's information the copy of a message I sent by 
 yesterday's telegraph to General Havelock ; also a copy 
 of one I addressed to yourself from Ghazeepore, in case 
 it may not have reached. Very gloomy reports of the 
 state of affairs at Lucknow have prevailed for a dav or 
 two past ; but I trust the rumour is an invention of the 
 enemy, viz., that the garrison wishes to negotiate, and 
 that the so-styled King scorns to give any terms. It is 
 just what the rebels would propagate. The enclosed 
 copy of a letter I have just received from Mr. Wino- 
 field speaks of letters he has intercepted from Lucknow, 
 of fifteen days back, which by no means evince such con- 
 fidence on the part of the besiegers. I have arranged to 
 give the Goorkhas four 9-pounders and two 12-pounder 
 howitzers, in the trust that they will hold Jaunpore 
 and Azimghur. The best service they can render us 
 at present is to hold the Oude frontier. 
 
 (Enclosure to the above.) 
 
 Telegram from Sir James Outram to General 
 Havelock. 
 
 Benares, 28th August, 1858. 
 I arrived here this morning, and have seen your messages to the 
 Commander-in-Chief of the 23rd and 24th, and to myself of the 20th 
 
236 
 
 instant. I expect tlie 90th and fitli to-morrow, and shall push on at 
 once to Allahabad with them, and with all Europeans that can be 
 spared from Chunar and Mirzapore. The stream is strong against us, 
 but I hope Ave may be at Allahabad by the 2nd or 3rd, and leave by 
 forced marches for Cawnpore by the 5th. Jly force, including officers, 
 will consist of OOtli IJegiment 705, 5th Fusiliers 437, 3rd Company 
 5th Battalion of Artillery G6. Total 1,268, besides what I pick up at 
 Mirzapore and Chunar. This reinforcement will, I trust, enable you to 
 relieve Lucknow. The details of G4th, 78th, and 84:th Kegiments, and 
 INIadras Fusiliers, now at Allahabad (493 officers and men), Avill also 
 be sent on when the Marine Brigade arrives there. I shall join you 
 with the reinforcements, but to you shall be left the glory of relieving 
 Lucknow, for which you have ali'eady so nobly struggled. I shall 
 accompany you only in my civil capacity as Commissioner, placing my 
 military services at your disposal should you please to make use of me 
 — serving under you as volunteer. Encourage the Lucknow garrison 
 to hold on. Spare no cost in effecting communication with Colonel 
 Liglis. If he does negotiate, which God forbid, really influential 
 hostages should be secured. His treasure might be judiciously em- 
 ployed in obtaining supplies, cost being no consideration, and in exciting 
 discord iu the enemy's camp, &c. He has 23 lakhs, the outlay of 
 which will not be grudged by Government. Proclaim at Cawnpore, 
 and cause it to be made known to the leaders of the enemy's forces at 
 Lucknow, that, for every Christian woman or child maltreated at Luck- 
 now, an Oude noble shall be hanged. If you could aiford a sufficient 
 detachment to hold its ground on the Lucknow bank of the river oppo- 
 site Cawnpore, it wotild have a beneficial eiFect in distracting the 
 enemy's attention from the Lucknow garrison, besides facilitating the 
 passage of the river when the time arrives. 
 
 Reply to the above. — (Enclosure.) 
 
 Brigadier- General Havelock to Major- General Sir 
 James Outram. 
 
 Caivnpore, Saturday j 2dth August, 4 jJ-in. 
 
 Received your telegram of 28th instant, at 5.45 p.m. 
 
 The reinforcements announced will reduce the relief of Lucknow 
 almost to a certainty, if the garrison can hold out till their arrival. I 
 have written to Colonel Inglis to defend himself to extremity, and pro- 
 pose, as soon as the 1st detachment reaches me, to recross to the left 
 bank and resume my strong position of Mungulwar, on which I will 
 mount heavy guns. The Sirdars of Oude have already been warned, 
 in a proclamation, of the vengeance that will be taken fur any injury 
 done to the women and children in Lucknow. 
 
237 
 
 The Commander-i7i" Chief to Sir J. Outram. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 30th Aug. 1857, 1 j).7n. 
 
 By all means employ Captain Peel's Naval Brigade as 
 a garrison for Allahabad, when it arrives. I have heard 
 that the vessel Captain Peel was in grounded at Ber- 
 hampore, and I fear he has not yet got beyond that 
 point. 
 
 The Commander-in-CJiief to Sir J, Outram. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 3lst Aug. 1857- 
 
 General Outram is informed that the 17th Madras 
 Native Infantry, under orders for Dinapore, were at 
 Monghyr on the 27th August, and would probably reach 
 Dinapore about the 30th August. He is requested to 
 dispose of this corps as he may think necessary. The 
 want of coals, reported in his telegram of yesterday's 
 date, has been made known to Government and to the 
 proper authority. 
 
 The Secretari/ to the Government of India to Sir 
 J. Outram. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 3\st Aug. 1857. 
 
 Your message of the 28th instant received. The 
 remount horses for Major Eyre's battery, in charge of 
 Captain Smyth, of Artillery, proceeded, on the 28th 
 instant, with the moveable column commanded by 
 Colonel Fisher, from Baneegunge, towards Benares and 
 Allahabad. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Mirzapore, 3lst Aug. 1857, 1.31 j^.m. 
 
 I fear, from the underwritten message from Colonel 
 
 O'Brien, that there is a deficiency of Enfield rifle ammu- 
 
238 
 
 nition at Allahabad, and request that an ample supply 
 may be sent up, without delay, to that station. Be most 
 careful that the greatest possible amount of Enfield 
 ammunition is brought. I am quite dependent on those 
 below for the supply of this ammunition. 
 
 Si?' J. Outram to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Mirzapore, 3lst Aug. 1857. 
 
 Information has been received through Mr. Hamilton, 
 Opium Agent, Ghazeepore, that Mahomed Hossain, the 
 Oude Chuckladar, is occupying the Collector's bunga- 
 low, and his followers, numbering some five or six 
 thousand, are located in the town of Goruckpore. The 
 Mussulman population went to pay respects with nuzzurs. 
 The Chuckladar above-mentioned had taken regular 
 possession of revenue and police establishment, &c. 
 The special object which General Outram has in view 
 prevents his detaching any force to recover Goruckpore, 
 or to prevent the disorder from spreading to Chupra or 
 Sarun districts. If the Supreme Government can send 
 any native force to act in those districts, two hundred 
 Europeans of the 10th Regiment might join them from 
 Dinapore, with two guns. His Excellency the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief might think it advisable to telegraph 
 to Dinapore to detach two hundred Europeans and tv^o 
 guns from Dinapore, to occupy Chupra. The Mohur- 
 rum will have terminated. Should the Shekawattec 
 battalion be considered available, it might be steamed up 
 from Calcutta, and joined to the detachment of Euro- 
 peans from Dinapore, for preserving north-western 
 frontiers of Bengal from further encroachments. This 
 suggestion is respectfully submitted to his Excellency. 
 
 R. Napier, Colonel, 
 
 Military Secretary. 
 
239 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief to Sir J. Oiitram. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 5th Sept. 185/. 
 
 With reference to your telegram of the 31st August, 
 proposing to collect at Chupra a detachment 10th 
 Regiment and the Shekawattee battalion, it has been 
 proposed, in lieu of the Shekawattee battalion, which 
 it is not considered advisable to move, that the 17th 
 Madras Native Infantry, now on its way up the river, 
 should be stopped at Dinapore, and that 300 of her 
 Majesty's 10th Regiment, and two of the 9-pounder 
 guns, should be held in readiness to move along with 
 the Madras Native Infantry, towards Segowlee, on the 
 arrival at that place of 1,000 Goorkhas. 
 
 2. The whole to ^form one body at Segowlee, for the 
 same object which you proposed to attain by placing a 
 force at Chupra. Segowlee, however, appears to me very 
 distant from any support. Do you approve of this? 
 and how would it affect your arrangements ? 
 
 3. With reference to your telegram on the supply of 
 rifle ammunition, arrangements have been made to send 
 up the river immediately to Allahabad 4^ lakhs (4,50,000 
 rounds). 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Allahabad, 5th Sept. 1857- 
 
 Prior to the receipt of your Excellency's message of 
 this date, regarding arrangements for Chupra, I had 
 telegraphed to Colonel Gordon, and written to the Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor as follows : " The column consisting of 
 "her Majesty's 53rd Regiment, the 27th Madras Native 
 "Infantry, and troop of Horse Artillery, now marching 
 "up the trunk road, were at Bagoda on the 2nd Sep- 
 
240 
 
 "tembcr. When the column reaches Benares, Colonel 
 "Gordon is authorized to employ it in communication 
 "with the Lieutenant-Governor, on any expedition for 
 " restoring the tranquillity of the Central Provinces." 
 As the 17th Madras Native Infantry must now be close 
 to Benares, it would be a pity to send it down to Chupra, 
 where the detachment of her Majesty's 10th Regiment, 
 from Dinapore, will answ^er for the present ; and Benares 
 appears to be the most convenient position to operate 
 generally. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Mr. Hamilton, Opium Agent , 
 Gliazeepore. 
 
 Below Allahabad, 1st Sept. 1857. 
 
 Your letter of SOtli ultimo reached me yesterday at 
 Mirzapore, whence I despatched a telegram to the 
 Commander-in-Chief, of which I enclose a copy.* Be 
 so kind as to send it on to the authorities at Dinapore, 
 and to Mr. Samuells, to prepare them for the orders 
 likely to be sent to them. 
 
 Mr. Tucker, at Mirzapore, informs me that Koer 
 Sing is supposed to be at a place some 24 miles from 
 Mirzapore, with 3,000 or 4,000 followers ; his object not 
 known. I suppose he is trying to make off into Oude. 
 I could not delay the troops now following up the river 
 by sending any to hunt after Koer Sing, which most 
 likely would prove but a wild goose chase. My object 
 is to push them on to Cawnpore without delay, and 
 thence to Lucknow. The Goorkhas will, I trust, suffice 
 for Azimghur, and possibly may yet be induced to occupy 
 Goruckpore. 
 
 * Already given under date 31st August. 
 
211 
 
 Si?' J. Outram to Military Secretary to the Governor- 
 General. 
 
 Allahabad, 2nd September, 1857. 
 
 You may glean from the enclosed some information 
 worth commimicatingto the Governor-General. I have no 
 time to prepare a synopsis, and all my staff are employed. 
 General Neill's account of om- gallant allies the sweep 
 ers, headed by the hangman, will amuse his Lordship. 
 Another letter from Cawnpore dated 31st, from a good 
 source. Captain Barrow says, ^^Lucknow is all right, 
 and in good spirits. We shall meet opposition on the 
 road; but if we take lots of heavy guns, they wont 
 stand long.'' I have just received the Governor-Ge- 
 neral's message of the 31st, instructing me to denounce 
 vengeance for any maltreatment our people may suiFer 
 at the hands of the rebels. My message to General 
 Havelock of the 28th ultimo will show that I had in 
 some measure anticipated his Lordship's instructions. 
 I may perhaps issue a more ship-shape proclamation 
 when I reach Cawnpore. 
 
 See how I am denounced for my supposed shortcom- 
 ings in the accompanying anonymous missive. The 
 Governor- General is aware that I was as much vexed 
 at the detention of the troops as the writer could be. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Mr. Secretary Edmonstone. 
 
 Allahabad, 2nd Septemler, 1857. 
 I am disappointed at no notice having been taken of 
 the letter I addressed to you before leaving Calcutta, on 
 Persian aifairs ; but I can easily imagine that other and 
 more important matters occupy the attention of Govern- 
 ment for the present. 
 
 I hear from Cawnpore to-day that Lucknow is all 
 16 
 
242 
 
 right, and in good spirits. I have little doubt we shall 
 be in time to relieve them. The 90th will be here to- 
 day I trust, and I hope to join Haveloek on the 9th. 
 
 General Neill reports yesterday that Mr. Probyn, of 
 Futtehghur, wife and children, and Mr. Edwards, Collec- 
 tor of Budaon, have been sent in safe and well, by Hurdee 
 Bux, of Dhurrenepore. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Martin Gubbins, Esquire, Lucknow. 
 Allahabad, 2nd September, 1857. 
 
 I arrived here last night with, and am followed by 
 reinforcements, all of which will be here in the course 
 of to-day or to-morrow, and I hope I shall be with 
 General Haveloek on the 9th or 10th at farthest, when 
 no time will be lost in pushing on to Lucknow. 
 
 The rebels have given out that you are negotiating 
 for terms, which I know to be a lie ; for what terms 
 could be relied on after the Cawnpore atrocities ? Do 
 not scruple to expend the Government treasure in 
 securing supplies, or in any other manner calculated to 
 benefit the garrison. No expenditure on this account 
 would be grudged by Government. I have proclaimed 
 that for every defenceless Christian, man, woman, or 
 child, maltreated by the rebels in Oude, a noble shall be 
 hanged. But you will not allow any such to get into their 
 hands. How I long to greet you all ; please God I shall 
 do so before many days have passed. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to General Haveloek. 
 
 Allahabad, 2nd September, 1857. 
 I arrived at this place late last night with a detach- 
 ment of the 90th ; but the rest of the troops, which 
 sailed from Benares on the same day, have not yet come 
 
243 
 
 in sight. I trust, however, they will be here to-day ; 
 and, if so, we shall be off to join you on the 4th or 
 5th at latest. I was unable to bring away more troops 
 from Chunar or Mirzapore, as Koer Sing and his rebels 
 are hovering in that neighbourhood ; so only the 90th 
 and 5th, which I mentioned, will be with me ; but I 
 shall bring on Eyre's battery instead of the 3rd Company 
 5th Battalion from this place. You could not have a 
 more efficient battery, only unfortunately its horses have 
 not yet joined. I shall take on, however, bullocks for 
 two batteries. I hope you have prepared skins, bam- 
 boos, and ropes, for crossing the nullahs on our way to 
 Lucknow ; for I suppose all the bridges will be broken 
 down. 
 
 The Officer commanding at Allahabad to the Com- 
 mander-in- Chief. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Allahabad, 2nd Sept. 1857, W.lb a.m. 
 
 Major-General Outram and ninety men of the 90th 
 Foot arrived at Allahabad on the evening of the 1st 
 September. 
 
 I beg to report having sent the Jumna steamer up 
 the Jumna, to look after the party of the Dinapore 
 mutineers, whom I referred to in my telegram of the 
 20th ultimo. It is reported that these mutineers intend 
 crossing the Jumna, and making for the trunk road, 
 not far from Cavvnpore. This report requires confir- 
 mation. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Allahabad, 2nd Sept. 1857, 5.48 «.m. 
 In message of the 31st August, regarding Enfield 
 ammunition, I was guided by Colonel O'Brien's mes- 
 sage. That officer subsequently received a supply of 
 
 16—2 
 
241 
 
 Enfield cartridges ; and anxiety on that head is re- 
 moved, as regards our present supply. Ample provision 
 will, doubtless, be made by your Excellency for future 
 demands here. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Mr, Mangles^ Chairman of the Court 
 of Directors. 
 
 Allahabad, 3rd Sept. 1857. 
 
 I arrived here on the eveninfj of the 1st instant, 
 and had hoped to be overtaken yesterday by the troops 
 which were to follow in two hours after I sailed from 
 Benares on the morning of the 3rd ; but they have not 
 yet (8 A.M.) made their appearance. I hope they will 
 arrive in the course of the day ; and in the meantime 
 everything is prepared for their onward march. I trust 
 I shall join Havelock at Cawnpore by the 10th or 11th, 
 and that then no time will be lost in forcing our way to 
 Lucknow, and relieving the garrison, as I confidently 
 rely on doing. 
 
 We have no direct accounts thence, but I am pretty 
 sure they are not in such stress as represented — 
 even to the length, it is said, of negotiating for 
 terms!! — reports set about by the rebels, no doubt. 
 Indeed, an officer likely to be well informed writes 
 from Cawnpore on the 31st ultimo, " Lucknow is all 
 right and in good spirits." The amount of reinforce- 
 ments I am taking on to General Havelock, and his 
 confidence that they will suffice, you will gather from 
 the enclosed copies of telegraph messages which have 
 lately passed between us. In coming up the river I 
 have made every disposition the means at my com- 
 mand permitted for the security of the principal sta- 
 tions bordering thereon ; and I trust they will suffice so 
 far ; but of course I could not provide military means 
 
245 
 
 for ridding the districts of the gaol-birds and budmashes 
 let loose on the country by the blundering of the autho- 
 rities at Dinaporc. I, however, suggested to the civil 
 authorities to augment their police, and to impress on 
 the zemindars, &c., that thei) v/ould be held responsible 
 for keeping the peace within their own limits. By such 
 means Bchar and Tirhoot ought to be kept tolerably 
 qaiet, until troops can be released from their more 
 pressing duties in advance. The abandonment of Go- 
 ruckpore by the Goorkhas was a sad mistake, and has 
 encouraged an invasion in that quarter from Oude, 
 which would never otherwise have been attempted. 
 I trust, however, that the evil will not spread farther 
 in that direction, and that the Goorkhas may yet be 
 induced to resume their position at Goruckpore for the 
 present, in addition to Azimghnr and Jaunpore, which 
 they are now holding with greai advantage — securing 
 those districts from incursions from Oude. I trust 
 my next will be from Lucknow, and my object in writing 
 this hasty note, which I am told will be in time for the 
 mail, is to relieve you from the anxiety which the criti- 
 cal position of those at Lucknow must naturally inspire. 
 I rely on their holding out till we can advance, and in 
 that case that we shall succeed. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Mr. Secretary Edmonstone. 
 
 Allahabad, 3rd Sept 1857. 
 I have the honour to transmit, for the information of 
 the Right Honourable the Governor- General in Council, 
 translation of a letter which I have addressed to each of 
 the following Rajahs: — 
 
 Rajah Maun Sing, of Shahgunge, 
 Rajah Madoo Sing, of Ramnuggur, 
 Baboo Roostun Sahah, of Devrah, — 
 
246 
 
 which I trust will meet with his Lordship's approval. 
 All the ahove-named Kajahs have displayed a friendly- 
 spirit in protecting British interests. 
 
 (Translation referred to above.) 
 
 I have heard of your having during the late mutiny 
 at Fyzabad, &c. &c., saved the lives of several British 
 officers, their wives, and children. With this conduct 
 on your part I have been much pleased ; and I cannot 
 but feel convinced that you will by your future conduct 
 continue to prove your fidelity to the British Govern- 
 ment. Rest assured that the British Government is 
 ready to reward its faithful subjects, and that I shall 
 have much pleasure in bringing to its notice any act on 
 your part, during the present disturbances, which may 
 tend to prove that you are a sincere well-wisher to the 
 State. 
 
 It cannot be hidden from you that the British Go- 
 vernment will soon quell this rebellion. Troops in great 
 numbers are on their way from Europe, and will shortly 
 arrive, before whose overwhelming power the cowardly 
 rebels will be annihilated. But, although the British 
 Government will punish with the utmost rigour those 
 who have dared to rebel against the State, it will 
 always have pleasure in rewarding those of its subjects 
 who, notwithstanding the evil examples by which they 
 are surrounded, hesitate not to show their staunch 
 fidelity to the British Government, and amongst such I 
 hope to reckon yourself. 
 
 I am now on my way to Cawnpore and Lucknow, 
 and shall be happy to receive any communication from 
 you expressive of your readiness to obey the orders I 
 may think it necessary to send you. 
 
247 
 
 Si?' J. Outram to the Lieutenant-Governor, Central 
 
 Provinces. 
 
 Allahabad, 4th September, 1857. 
 
 * * * I ffo on to-morrow niofht. I trust we shall 
 all be at Cawnpore by the 11th; and as I have re- 
 quested Havelock to have everything prepared for cross- 
 ing the river, I hope little delay will occur in our 
 advance on Lucknow. The Jumna went up the 
 Ganges the day before yesterday to cut off the muti- 
 neers said to be contemplating crossing at Royapore. 
 She returned yesterday, the mutineers having (it is 
 supposed) gone on to cross higher up at a point which 
 the steamer could not reach. 
 
 The telegraphic communication with Cawnpore has 
 been interrupted for the last two days. But this is sup- 
 posed to be merely accidental, as the daks come in 
 resrularlv, and Havelock's sick and wounded arrived 
 yesterday without having encountered any obstacle on 
 the way. I have every confidence in our making our 
 way to Lucknow in ample time to save the garrison. 
 
 I enclose translations of letters I have addressed to 
 Maun Sing and others who protected our people, which 
 I hope you will approve, as well as of my denunciation 
 against such as may maltreat man, woman, or child. 
 Excuse a hasty chit. 
 
 General Havelock to Sir James Outram. 
 
 Cawnpore, 4:th September, 1857. 
 
 I had this morning the pleasure of receiving yours of the 2nd 
 instant, from Allahabad. 
 
 As you are so soon to be here, it is needless I should say much of 
 the state of affairs. The cholera has almost left us ; and my soldiers 
 have benefited much by the repose I have been enabled to give them 
 here. "When we get up the 5th and 90th, I trust an advance on 
 Lucknow will not be a diffictdt operation ; but I consider that it can 
 only be undertaken with the view of the rehef of the gallant and 
 
248 
 
 en luring garrison. The recon quest of the province woiild require a full 
 division of British troops. 
 
 By my latest accounts from Lucknow, the garrison was holding its 
 own. They had reiDulsed the last attack with great slaughter, and 
 their foes were said to be much discouraged. They had provisions 
 also, and I entertain great hopes Ave shall yet be able to get them out 
 of their scrape. But it is most desirable to increase the force here as 
 much as possible; for, as soon as we move towards Lucknow, our foes 
 will organize some menacing movement on Cawnpore to disturb our 
 attention. 
 
 It would be advisable that some three lakhs of rupees should be 
 sent us with the troops, as we are in want of money. Three or four 
 assistant-surgeons also urgenthj required. I telegraphed to Colonel 
 Otter to send up shafts for my elephant guns, of a pattern they have 
 at Allahabad, and which is better than that we have here. I should 
 like to have them as speedily as possible; also two 8-inch hoAAdtzers, to 
 complete the heavy guns I am equipping for the field. About the last 
 I Avrote to Colonel O'Brien. It would be well — indeed, most desirable 
 — if the winter clothing of all the troops here should be sent up 
 immediate!}'. 
 
 By my latest accounts, the Bunnee Bridge Avas untouched. But, at 
 all eA'ents, Captain Crommelin will carry on with us bamboos, ropes, 
 &c., and some canal boats on hackeries, Avhich he thinks will suffice to 
 cross the nullahs. 
 
 The enemy are in force at Mungulwar; but Oonao and Busseerut- 
 gunge, Avhere I beat them before, as Avell as Nuwabgunge, are said to 
 be unoccupied. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Henry Tucker, Esq., Commissioner, 
 
 Benares. 
 
 Allahabad, 5th September. 
 I return the enclosed with thanks. * * * 
 Unless the Goorkhas can be hiduced to recover 
 Goruckpore, I do not see how else the Nazim, now in 
 possession there, is to be kicked out, for no troops can 
 be spared ; not at least until the Madrassees, now 
 coming up the trunk road, reach Benares. The?/ 
 might be available for that duty, perhaps. They were 
 at Bagoda on the 2nd, and were to halt there one day 
 for baggage. I shall send Colonel Gordon authority to 
 make use of that brigade should the Lieutenant-Gover- 
 nor think the recovery of Goruckpore the most im- 
 portant duty on which it can be occupied. 
 
249 
 
 Si?' J. Outram to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Allahabad^ bth September, 1857. 
 
 On the day before yesterday, the steamer and flat 
 conveying Major Eyre's battery and portion of 5th 
 Fusiliers arrived. All day yesterday was occupied in 
 landing and putting together the guns ; and at 2 a.m. 
 this morning, a detachment, consisting of 6ll infantry 
 {i.e. 420 5th Fusiliers, 178 64th, and 13 of 84th), with 
 Major Eyre's battery (72), marched towards Cawnpore, 
 taking with them two 8-inch howitzers, which General 
 Havelock had applied for, two lakhs of treasure, engineer 
 tools and stores, &c. &c. Yesterday the Mirzapore 
 arrived with H.M.'s 90th Regiment, with which I 
 march to-night, 679 strong (leaving 68 sick) ; and I 
 expect a company of the 78th from Benares (89 strong), 
 which also I propose taking on. This will give General 
 Havelock a reinforcement of 1,377 infantry and a field 
 battery ; ample, with what he has, to eifect our objects 
 at Lucknow, of which garrison we receive favourable 
 reports, ensuring their being able to hold out till we 
 arrive. My detachments will, I hope, join Havelock on 
 the 11th and 12th ; and no time, I trust, will be lost in 
 crossing the river and pushing on to Lucknow, as I have 
 requested General Havelock to have everything pre- 
 pared in the meantime. 
 
 In order to reinforce General Havelock to as nearly 
 
 the strength he called for as I can, I am obliged to 
 
 weaken this garrison for the present somewhat below 
 
 the 500 men at which it was ordered to be maintained. 
 
 Thus :— 
 
 Effective European bayonets and artillery 239 
 
 Convalescents 100 
 
 Seamen (Europeans) 20 
 
 In Camp — Sikhs 100 
 
 459 
 
250 
 
 But the first detachment of 500 European troops, 
 which left Calcutta on the 28th ultimo, will be here on 
 the evening of the 11th instant. And, after that, 
 successive detachments will arrive daily. Thus the 
 garrison will be at the reduced strength above men- 
 tioned only five days. Mr. Chester, the Commissioner, 
 apprehends no danger whatever ; he knows of no insur- 
 gents likely to appear in this quarter ; and he is satisfied 
 that the mere appearance of troops pressing forward, as 
 they are now doing, would of itself prevent any hostile 
 attempt. 
 
 Under these circumstances, I trust your Excellency 
 will approve my arrangements. 
 
 The Madras regiment coming up the river must be 
 now at or very near Benares, where it will remain in 
 garrison for the present. And I have authorized 
 Colonel Gordon, commanding at Benares, to make use 
 also of the Madras brigade coming up the trunk road 
 in recovering Goruckpore, or any other measure the 
 Lieutenant-Governor may consider of primary necessity, 
 which will not occupy it at any distance beyond easy 
 recall, if necessary. 
 
 The Naval Brigade will soon be here, and I am 
 anxious to submit for your Excellency's consideration, 
 whether it would not be best, for the present at least, to 
 employ it in garrisoning Allahabad ; thereby releasing 
 some 600 or 800 infantry, which by that time would be 
 available here — consisting of detachments of the various 
 regiments in advance. 
 
 The enclosed copy of a letter from the Commissary of 
 Ordnance will show your Excellency that we can hardly 
 possibly provide the means of transporting 68-pounders 
 by land, independent of the objection that their trans- 
 port would cut up and greatly destroy the trunk road. 
 
 I communicated to your Excellency that I had fur- 
 
251 
 
 nished Colonel Gordon, at Benares, with a requisition for 
 two of the 68-pounders to be landed there (where they 
 would be most usefully placed in position on the new 
 works), subject, of course, to your Excellency's approval. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to General Havelock. 
 
 Allahabad, bth September, 1857. 
 It took till late last night to get Eyre's battery all 
 landed, and his guns remounted ; but they were all 
 ready to march at three this morning, when the follow- 
 ing detachment, under Major Simmons, of the 5th 
 Fusiliers, started for Mooftee, a distance of thirteen 
 miles (the first regular march), with orders to push on 
 bv the followino- staofes : — 
 
 2nd march Kussia 15g miles 7tli September. 
 
 3rcl „ Kulonghon 22| „ 8th „ 
 
 4th „ Futtehpore 24J „ 9th „ 
 
 5th „ Aong 23| „ 10th „ 
 
 6th ,, Cawnpore 28 „ 11th „ 
 
 where Eyre would be on the morning of the 1 1th, unless 
 he should find his men knocking up (foot-sore), in 
 which case he would report to you, and you would order 
 him to lighten his marches or otherwise, as you thought 
 proper, influenced, as your orders doubtless would be, 
 by the state of the Lucknow garrison, which, if you 
 are certain it can hold out, may admit of more leisurely 
 movement. To-night I follow with the 90th, taking 
 the same marches, so as to join you on the 12th. And 
 I hope by that time you will be pretty well prepared for 
 crossing the river. Simmons's detachment consists of, — 
 
 Eyre's battery (provided with double bullock establish- 
 ment) 72 men. 
 
 5th Fusiliers 420 „ 
 
 64th Regiment 178 „ 
 
 84th Eegiment 13 „ 
 
 Total .... 683 „ 
 
252 
 
 I myself take on the 90tli (678 rank and file), and I 
 expect a company of the 78th from Benares (87 rank 
 and file) to accompany us ; giving a total of 1,448 men, 
 with which, and what you already have, you can, I am 
 sure, effect your great object, and thus, in addition to 
 the triumphs you have already achieved, add the crown- 
 ing glory of rescuing our beleaguered countrymen at 
 Lucknow. 
 
 I accompany you in my capacity of Commissioner, 
 but I shall be too glad to serve under you as volunteer, 
 and I trust you will not scruple to give me work. 
 
 Kind regards to your son. The sick and wounded 
 (who arrived the day before yesterday) speak of him as 
 a perfect hero. 
 
 p,g. — I am bringing you as many bullock mussucks 
 for rafts as I can get. Simmons has two lakhs of 
 rupees for vou ; also two 8-inch m.ortars, 9-pounders, 
 and Enfield rifle ammunition. 
 
 Si?' J. Outram to Lieutenant-Governor, Central 
 Provinces. 
 
 Allahabad, 5th September, 1857- 
 * * * In my message of to-day to Colonel Gor- 
 don I limited somewhat the operations of the Madras 
 column, by restricting them to such as " would not 
 remove it too far beyond reach of recall in case of its 
 being required for operations with the column advanced 
 towards the North- West Provinces;" but, on further 
 consideration, it appears to me that no operations in the 
 North- West Provinces can be of more importance than 
 restoring order in the districts bordering on Bengal. 
 And as we must look to European troops chiefly for 
 carrying out our objects west of Allahabad, the Madras 
 troops could not be more beneficially occupied than in 
 
253 
 
 the districts eastward of that pomt. I think, therefore, 
 we may best promote the public interests by devoting 
 the whole of the Madras troops to that duty. 
 
 I shall therefore so far modify my message to Colonel 
 Gordon, as to omit the proviso above quoted ; and pray 
 tell him to expunge all the message of to-day except the 
 previous portion, viz., " the column consisting of her 
 Majesty's 53rd, the 27th Madras Native Infantry, and 
 troop of Madras Horse Artillery, now marching up the 
 trunk road, were at Bagoda on the 2nd September. 
 When the column reaches Benares, Colonel Gordon is 
 authorized to employ it, in communication with the 
 Lieutenant-Governor, on any expedition for restoring 
 the tranquillity of the Central Provinces." 
 
 In addition to his garrison. Colonel Gordon has also 
 Major Cotter's battery and the other Madras regiment. 
 He will thus have a respectable force, in conjunction 
 with the Goorkhas, to carry out your wishes. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to General Havelock, Camp, Mooftee. 
 
 Ke Poonivctf 6th September, 
 
 ^ I arrived here with the 90th this evening, and to-day 
 the other column is a march in advance at Kussia. 
 The 90th having been cooped up on board ship and in 
 river boats for five months past, is quite unequal to double 
 marches, I find, a very large proportion being knocked 
 up by this first march of fourteen miles. And certainly, 
 if they have to undergo the forced (double) marches I 
 proposed, but few of them would be fit for work when 
 we reach Cawnpore. As, therefore, we have such 
 favourable accounts of the Lucknow garrison (there 
 can be no doubt, I think, of their ability to hold out as 
 long as need be), and it being of importance you should 
 receive your reinforcements in an efficient state, I pro- 
 
254 
 
 pose, unless I hear from you that quicker movement is 
 indispensable, or at least desirable, to pursue the ordi- 
 nary ten marches to Cawnpore, which will delay this 
 detachment's arrival at Cawnpore till the 15th, instead 
 of the nth, as I proposed. Major Simmons's column 
 being with you the previous day. Pray let me hear 
 from you if this will do. Should you think our earlier 
 presence necessary, I will endeavour to push on quicker, 
 though confident that many will be disabled by longer 
 marches who otherwise would reach you in an efficient 
 state. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Gerieral Havelock. 
 
 Camp, 6th September. 
 Since I wrote to you just now, it has occurred to me 
 to suggest that we should take tents, if possible, for the 
 Europeans, for exposure in September in Oude is more 
 deadly than at any other season. We have a good 
 many elephants with us, and I have just sent back an 
 order to Allahabad for all that can be spared to be sent 
 after us. They are the best "carriage;" but we may 
 also be able to get carts across the river ; if so, there is 
 no reason why we should not carry every requisite with^ 
 us to secure the comfort of the troops, for the Lucknow 
 garrison appears to be so secure, as to allow of our 
 advancing as leisurely as we please. Pray tell me 
 whether you think it will be possible to cross over suffi- 
 cient carriage to provide tents, &c., for the Europeans 
 on the march to Lucknow. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Major Simmons, Camp, Mooftee. 
 
 Ke Poonwa, 6th September. 
 From the way the first march of fourteen miles has 
 told on the 90th, it is very evident that they will be 
 
255 
 
 unequal to double marches for some time to come. 
 Cooped up as they have been five months on shipboard 
 and in river boats, of course they more easily knock up 
 than old hands. And as the accounts we have of late 
 received of the state of the garrison at Lucknow render 
 it very certain they can hold out a much longer time 
 than would be required by us to get to them leisurely, 
 I have written to Havelock that we shall proceed by 
 reofular marches, instead of the double stages I had 
 proposed, unless we should learn from him that a more 
 rapid advance is necessary. 
 
 Unless, therefore, you should receive any requisition 
 from Havelock to push on by forced marches, I request 
 you will take the following stages instead of those I pre- 
 viously put down ; viz., from your present camp (Russia) 
 to Synee (11 miles) — Kulonghon (11|-) — Thurriaroon 
 (13)— Futtehpore (ill)— Malwa (11|-)— Aong (13) 
 — Maharajpore (14) — Cawnpore (14) ; or as near to 
 those (the usual) stages as convenient to you. 
 
 Let me heaf occasionally how you get on, by the dak 
 which passes through our camps. 
 
 General Havelock to Sir James Outram. 
 
 Cawnpore^ Gth Septeinher, 1857. 
 
 I had the pleasure this morniug of receiving yoiirs of the 5th instant, 
 and in the hope that this may perhaps find you still at Allahabad, I 
 write to say I fear it will not, in the present state of the weather, be 
 possible for either column to make the marches you have designated 
 without the certainty of throwing a great number of men into hospital, 
 and rendering inevitable a halt to refresh after arrival here. I do not 
 think, in the present heats, they will be able to accomplish more than 
 fifteen miles daily. I have telegraphed Colonel O'Brien to this efiect, 
 requesting him to send the substance of my telegram on to Major Sim- 
 mons by mounted express. 
 
 The guns I require are 8-inch howitzers, not mortars, with which 
 last I am supplied. I hope the howitzers can be sent on with yom- 
 column, and I should Axdsh to have 800 Enfield rifies by the same 
 opportunity. The two last will be welcome. Our commissariat is 
 
256 
 
 making large purcliases here. My latest accounts give mc reason to 
 hope that Colonel Inglis •will be able to hold out until we arrive, since 
 from some cause the siege is not pressed with the same ardour as 
 before. 
 
 If you would prefer a bungalow to being under canvas whilst here, 
 I will tell Colonel Tytler to select a good one for you, as they have not 
 all been destroyed during the late troubles. 
 
 Hoping soon to see you, I remain, &c. 
 
 P.S. — There are in the Fort of Asota, fourteen miles nearly due 
 south of Futtehpore, some English refugees from Banda, who write for 
 help, and whom it would be desirable to assist if it would not peril the 
 success of our main enterprise at Lucknow. 
 
 Tlie Officer Commanding at Allahabad to the Com- 
 mander-in- Chief. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Allahalad, 6th September, 1857, 5 p.m. 
 
 * * * * The troops sent from this, under General Outram's 
 orders, reduce the strength of this garrison to 10 officers and 235 effec- 
 tive European soldiers. There are, however, the following supple- 
 mentary aids speedily to be had : — convalescents from the sick sent 
 from Cawnpore ; those left by the troops proceeding up coimtry ; and 
 the armed steamer Jumna. General Outram has further ordered the 
 detachment of the 90th coming from Eaneegunge to be detained here 
 imtil further orders. A detailed rejDort will be sent by post to- 
 morrow. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief to Sir J. Outram, 
 
 Calcutta, 6th September, 1857. 
 
 I have been much bothered with fever for some days, and this, with 
 the amount of detail work to be got through daily, has prevented me 
 Avriting. 
 
 I have had the pleasure to receive your letter of the 29th ultimo, 
 with copies of one telegram to Havelock, dated 28th, and one to myself 
 of the 25th ultimo. I showed these papers to the Governor-General, 
 and he expressed himself in the warmest terms of admiration of your 
 truly handsome and generous proposal to Havelock, to accompany him 
 in his movement upon Liicknow in your capacity as Commissioner, and 
 as a volunteer. God grant you may succeed. 
 
 I have sent you four and a half lakhs of rifle ammunition, all of 
 that kind made up in Calcutta. We have materiel in store for four 
 lakhs, but none made iip, and our means only enable us to make up 
 about 80,000 weekly. Lord Canning has begged that a supply may 
 be sent to us, by the overland route, in sufficient qiiantity to meet our 
 wants until a supply can arrive by sailing ship round the Cape. 
 
 The column imder Colonel Fisher, Madi-as Infantry, has been 
 
257 
 
 retarded in its march by the heavy rains, the difficiilty of getting his 
 baggage and supplies over the rivers, and his cattle getting sickly. A 
 detachment of the Military Train Corps has arrived here from China ; 
 it is now formed into a body of mounted men, to act as cavalry, the 
 strength of the detachment about 185, 120 of whom have served in 
 the cavalry. They are to be mounted with horses of the 8th Madras 
 Light Cavalry, which have been sent here, the men of the corps having 
 refused to embark for Bengal. I hope to have this nice detachment, 
 mounted on these horses, armed and suitably equipped, and in move- 
 ment from Eaneegunge within a week from the present date, accom- 
 panied by two guns of Madras Plorse Artillery, and a company of 
 Madras Sappers. 
 
 The Government are afraid of moving the Shekawattee regiment from 
 their present position. 
 
 I should be glad to hear your opinion as to the proposed employ- 
 ment of the 17th Madras Infantry, with a detachment of 300 men 
 of her Majesty's 10th, and tAvo guns from Dinapore, in the direction of 
 Segowlee. Proposals may be made here, but the disposal and employ- 
 ment of the troops under your orders must be ordered and arranged 
 by yourself. The Governor-General is anxious, like yourself, about 
 that district ; and I will beg you to have the kindness to give the 
 directions you may think most advisable for carrying out his wishes 
 for affording it protection. 
 
 We expect, in eight or ten days, two companies from China of the 
 Royal Artiller}^ I shall endeavour to get them to Allahabad, where 
 are two or three 9-ponnder batteries, complete as to gun and carriages, 
 but not, I believe, Avith extra waggons. 
 
 Kind regards to Havelock and Napier. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Commander-in- Chief. 
 
 Camp, Russia, 7ih Septemher. 
 
 I informed your Excellency that I purposed pushing* 
 on to Cawnpore in six marches, instead of the usual 
 ten ; but the 90th suffered so much in their first (the 
 usual) march of about fourteen miles yesterday, as you 
 will observe from the enclosed note from the super- 
 intending surgeon (and I regret to say two men died 
 of apoplexy last night — three in all), that I was obliged 
 to resolve on making the regular stages, and accordingly 
 informed General Havelock so yesterday. All the 
 reinforcements will therefore only be assembled at 
 Cawnpore on the 15th instead of the lltli instant as 
 I had proposed. 
 
 n 
 
258 
 
 This delay is of the less consequence, as we are well 
 assured the Lucknow garrison is quite able to hold its 
 own until we get there, however leisurely we may 
 advance. They have gained great successes over the 
 enemy of late, and replenished their provisions ; and 
 their assailants are tiring out, getting dispirited, and 
 going off to their homes in great numbers. 
 
 Our first march from Allahabad yesterday was by 
 moonlight. We arrived at our ground before daylight, 
 and the men were kept to their tents all day ; so the 
 sun had nothing to do with the apoplectic cases above 
 alluded to. The air was peculiarly heavy both night 
 and day, but we had a drenching showier during our 
 march this morning, which has cleared the atmosphere, 
 and we certainly have benefited by the change. Though 
 to-day's march was longer than yesterday's, the men 
 stood it better. The colonel reports : — " The men 
 who fell out to-day averaged twelve per company, but 
 many afterwards joined, and limped along." The re- 
 maining marches are shorter. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to General Havelock. 
 
 Camp, Russia, 7th September. 
 
 * * * The company of the 78th, which was at 
 Benares, overtook us here by bullock train. 
 
 With reference to the allusion in your note received 
 yesterday to the "reconquest" of Oude, I should have 
 informed you, but thought you knew, that our present 
 object is merely to withdraw the garrison, after forming 
 a provisional government of influential inhabitants to 
 maintain the city on behalf of the British Government, 
 until we can conveniently reoccupy it. But say nothing 
 of this, as it is an object to make believe that we shall 
 hold the city with British troops, until we have effected 
 our arrangement. 
 
259 
 
 [On the 25tli August, Brigadier Inglis forwarded to General 
 Havelock a duplicate of the urgent letter he had addressed to him 
 on the 16th, fearing lest the original might have miscari-ied. 
 As a further protection against accidents he, at the same time, 
 sent a copy to Lieutenant-Colonel O'Brien, which that officer 
 lost no time in telegraphing to Calcutta. A portion of Brigadier 
 Inglis's letter has already been given in General Havelock's 
 telegram of the 23rd August {vide antea, p. 224). But as the 
 General's telegram does not communicate the Brigadier's entire 
 letter as telegraphed by Lieutenant-Colonel O'Brien, the whole 
 of the latter officer's telegram is here reproduced.] 
 
 Lieutenant- Colo7iel O'Brien to the Governor- General 
 and the Commander -in- Chief. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Allahabad, dth September, 1857, 5.10 p.m. 
 
 Luckuow, 25tli August, from Colonel Inglis, commanding at Luck- 
 now : — 
 
 " Lest my letter of the 16th of August should have miscarried, I 
 send herewith a duplicate of its contents; viz., 'A note from Colonel 
 Tytler to Mr. Gubbins reached last night, dated Munguhvar, the 4th 
 instant, the latter paragraph of which is as follows: — " You must aid 
 us in every way, even to cutting your way out, if we cannot force our 
 way in. We have only a small force." ' 
 
 *' This has caused me much uneasiness, as it is quite impossible, 
 with my weak and shattered force, that I can leave my defences. You 
 must bear in mind how I am hampered; that I have upwards of 120 
 sick and wounded, and at the least 22 women and 130 children, and 
 no carriage of any kind, and besides sacrificing twenty-three lakhs of 
 treasure, and about thirty guns of sorts. In consequence of the news, 
 I shall soon put the force on half rations. Our provisions will last us 
 tiU the 10th September. If you hope to save this force, no time must 
 be lost in pushing forward. "We are daily attacked by the enemy, 
 who are within a few yards of our defences ; their mines have already 
 weakened our post, and I have every reason to believe they are carry- 
 ing on others; their 18-pounders are within 150 yards off. Some of 
 their batteries are in position, and from our inability to form working 
 parties, we cannot reply to them. The damage done hourly is very 
 great. My strength is now in Europeans 350, and about 300 natives, 
 and the men dreadfully harassed ; and owing to part of the Residency 
 having been brought do-svn by round shot, many are without shelter. 
 Our native force, having been assiu-ed, on Colonel Tytler's authority, 
 of your near approach some twenty days ago, are natm-ally losing con- 
 fidence; and if they leave us, I do not see how the defences are to be 
 manned. Since the above was written, the enemy have sprung another 
 
 o 17—2 
 
260 
 
 iniuo, wliicli has given us a: great deal of trouble, and has caused us 
 some loss. 
 
 " I trust that you will lose no time in coming to our assistance, 
 regardless of the statements contained in any letters from Mr. Gubbins. 
 IVIilitary men are unanimous regarding our case. We have had no 
 letter from you of a later date than the 4th; and since the 18th the 
 enemy have most alarming reports, too, of the disaffection and j^lots of 
 our troops inside, who are wavering in their fidelity, owing to your 
 return across the Ganges." — J. Inglis, Colonel Commanding at Luck- 
 now^ to General Havelock, commanding relieving force. 
 
 The cossid reported to Lieutenant-Colonel O'Brien that he was 
 detained in Lucknow, nine days after he left the Baillie Guard, on 
 Buspicion ; that the garrison was fighting well up to the 4th September, 
 the day he left Lucknow; that Eajah Maun Sing, who had gone to 
 Lucknow, had returned to his place, Shahgunge, near Fyzabad ; 
 that the Eajah had not acted against the garrison: and that a man 
 from camp was making percussion caps for the rebels. But this does 
 not seem possible ; if any caps Avere attempted to be made, they must 
 be a wretched imitation. 
 
 General Havelock to Sir J. Outram, 
 
 Cawnpore, 8th September, 1857. 
 
 I send by express the latest intelligence from Colonel Inglis. His 
 danger appears to be pressing, and would be an argument for your 
 coming on rapidly ; but it is vain so to press the troops as to render 
 them all inefficient on arrival here, or kill numbers of them. To 
 create a diversion in favour of Inglis is of the utmost importance. 
 Your assurances to Maun Sing that Sir Henry Lawrence's promise 
 would be fulfilled, might decide him to act against the rebels, and I 
 could get it conveyed to him by messengers if you thoiight proper to 
 send it me written small. The enemy are increasing their force in 
 men and guns on the opposite bank ; but I will make every prepara- 
 tion for passing, and on your joining me think I could well turn them 
 out of their position at Mungulwar, and we might then advance at a 
 good pace towards Lucknow. 
 
 The telegraph wire between this and Allahabad is'again cut. 
 
 (Enclosure.) 
 Colonel Inglis to General Havelock. 
 
 Lucknow, 1st September. 
 Your letter of the 24th has duly reached me, in reply to mine of the 
 16th ultimo.* I regret yoxvc inability to advance at present to our 
 
 * " This night (August 28) we learnt, by a letter from General Havelock, 
 dated Cawnpore, the 24th instant, that we had no hope of being relieved for 
 another twenty-five days." — The Defence of Lucknow, by A Staff Officer; Smith, 
 Elder and Co., London, 1858. 
 
261 
 
 relief, but in consequence of your letter I have reduced the rations, and 
 with this arrangement, and our great diminution in numbers from 
 casualties, I trust to be able to hold out from the 20th to 25th instant. 
 Some stores we have been out of for the last fifteen days, and many 
 others will be expended before the above date. I must be frank, and 
 tell you that my force is daily diminishing from the enemy's musketry 
 fire, and our defences grow weaker daily. Should the enemy make 
 any determined efforts to storm this place, I shall find it difficult to 
 repulse them, owing to my paucity in numbers, and the weak and 
 harassed state of my force. Our loss since the commencement of 
 hostiUties here has been, in Europeans alone, upwards of 300. Wo 
 are continually harassed in countermining the enemy, who have above 
 twenty guns in jwsition — many of them heavy ones. 
 
 Any advance of yours towards this place Avill act beneficially in our 
 favour, and greatly inspirit the native part of my garrison, who hitherto 
 have behaved like faithful and good soldiers. 
 
 If you can possibly give me any intelligence of your intended advance 
 pray do so by letter. Give the bearer the pass-word " Agra," and ask 
 him to give it to me in person. Oblige by forwarding a copy of this 
 letter to the Governor-General. 
 
 I have prohibited the civil authorities from corresponding with your 
 camp. 
 
 P.S. — Copy of this sent to the commanding officer at Allahabad for 
 information and guidance, with the further remark that Maun Sing, 
 who was promised a jagheer of two lakhs, conditionally on his afford- 
 ing no assistance to the rebels, is reported to be still holding aloof; 
 and it is by no means impossible [illegible] that if he is assured [ille- 
 gible] to the relief [illegible] that Sir Henry Lawrence's promise shall 
 be confirmed by Government, he may be induced to afford us active 
 help. His followers are estimated at G,000 in number. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Commander-i?i- Chief. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) 
 
 Camp, Kulonghon, 9th September, 1857. 
 
 General Havelock has sent mc a note, received by 
 him from Colonel Inglis, yesterday, dated Lucknow, 
 1st September, in which he says he is hard pressed, and 
 calculates that his provisions will only last till the 28th. 
 But the favourable reports received at Cawnpore, on 
 the 6th, through sources considered reliable, lead to 
 the hope that the garrison had really had the success 
 reported after the date of Colonel Inglis's letter; for 
 the sowars of Cawnpore receive communications from 
 
262 
 
 friends in the city of Lucknow in as many hours as a 
 cossid might take days in passing out of the closely 
 watched garrison, and, secretly^ through the interme- 
 diate country. The successes I referred to were tele- 
 graphed direct to your Excellency by General Have- 
 lock. I have no doubt we shall force our way to 
 Lucknow by the 28th ; but, if delayed, our then near 
 approach will, I trust, encourage the garrison to hold 
 out ; if not, perhaps their friends in the city will 
 secretly supply their wants. We are getting on better, 
 as the 90th grow more accustomed to their shore legs. 
 Try to expedite the march of the r2th Cavalry, to over- 
 take us, as much as you can. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to General Havelock. 
 
 Camp, Kulonghon, ^th September. 
 
 I received your express of yesterday, with copy of 
 Colonel Inglis's note from Lucknow, 1st September, at 
 midnight. 
 
 I agree with you that to press on quicker than by the 
 ordinary marches would disable too many soldiers. As 
 it is, the 90th sick list was forty yesterday (and, as I 
 told you, three died the day before), besides seventy we 
 left at Allahabad. Simmons informs me he has lost 
 two men. If, however, you can have the bridge for 
 crossing the river prepared, and have established your 
 position on the opposite side before we join you on the 
 15th, no time will be lost, as we should cross at once. 
 Simmons's column, being at Cawnpore on the 14th, 
 would be all over by the morning of the 15th ; and we 
 should be the same by next morning. Thus we should 
 reach Lucknow before the time specified by Colonel 
 Inglis expires ; though I trust he could hold out longer. 
 The mere fact of your crossing the river would, as Colonel 
 
263 
 
 Inglis says, give some relief to his garrison by drawing 
 out the main force of the rebels to oppose our advance. 
 I enclose a letter for Maun Sing, transmitting copy of 
 a previous one I wrote to him from Allahabad, which I 
 hope you will be able to send to Colonel Inglis, to 
 whom you will doubtless give every encouragement to 
 hold out. 
 
 I yesterday had your note of the 6th instant, in which 
 you express your wish that I should take on to you 800 
 Enfield rifles. When I got this note we were three 
 marches from Allahabad, and Colonel O'Brien has not 
 the means to afford an escort to send them after us. I 
 regret I was not made aware of this want when at 
 Allahabad. 
 
 It is two 8-inch howitzers, not mortars, we are 
 bringing to you. I shall look after the refugees said to 
 be at Assota from next camp. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Commander -in- Chief, 
 
 Camp, Kulonghon, Qth September. 
 I beg to enclose for your Excellency's information 
 copies of a note I received last night from General 
 Havelock, and of its enclosure from Colonel Inglis, 
 commanding at Lucknow ; also my reply of this morn- 
 ing to General -Havelock. Native accounts from 
 sources relied on at Cawnpore represent the position 
 of the Lucknow garrison more favourably, and that 
 their assailants are much dispirited by the springing of 
 a mine which destroyed a house (and some 200 of its 
 rebel inmates) that domineered over the Residency, 
 disabling at the same time the two big guns which had 
 most annoyed us. I hope this may be true, and that 
 the occurrence took place after Colonel Inglis wrote ; 
 for though his letter had occupied eight days in being 
 
264 
 
 brought by stealth to Cawnpore, as many hours would 
 not be employed by natives of the city in communicating 
 with friends at Cawnpore. The report is, also, that 
 the garrison had secured provisions. 
 
 At any rate I trust we shall force our way to Luck- 
 now by the 28th, the limit Colonel Inglis specifies. 
 Certainly so if General Havelock effect the passage of 
 the river by the time we arrive at Cawnpore — a 
 measure of no great difficulty, I think — with the artil- 
 lery at his command, and some hundreds of European 
 troops, to establish a position on the opposite bank, 
 even if the enemy contest the passage, which I hardly 
 expect. The following is the purport of the letter to 
 Maun Sino- which I forwarded to General Havelock. 
 May I beg that your Excellency will communicate it to 
 the Governor- General, as my official report through the 
 Secretary (passing under flying seal through Mr. Grant's 
 hands) will not reach so soon. 
 
 (Enclosure.) 
 To Rajah Maun Sing. 
 
 " I sent you a friendly letter by cossid from Allahabad, dated 2nd 
 instant. In case that letter may not have reached you, I herewith 
 forward a copy. Since it was written, I have been informed that Sir 
 Henry Lawrence had made promises to you of high reward for your 
 good faith to the British Government. As Sir Henry Lawrence is no 
 more, and I am his successor as Chief Commissioner in Oude, I write 
 to you my solemn pledge, as representative of the British Government, 
 that whatever promises were made by Sir Henry Lawrence shall be 
 folly recognized and strictly fulfilled by the British Government. I 
 am on my way to Lucknow accompanied by a powerful army, with 
 which I shall annihilate the rebels now beleaguering the British at that 
 place; and I shall arrive there in a few days. But in the meantime 
 I rely on your aiding the garrison by such means as may be in your 
 power. If you cannot do so openly, at least prevent any of your 
 troops joining the rebels ; because, if they do, you will forfeit your 
 claims on the British Government, and I shall have to treat you also as 
 an enemy." 
 
265 
 
 General Neill to Sir J. OiUram. 
 
 Caionpore, 9th September, 1857. 
 Mr. Edwards informs me that the men-servants of 
 Missnr Byjinath, a banker of great wealth and much influence at 
 Bareilly, have come to him to-day from their master. They describe 
 the hostility, between Hindoos and Mahomedans, as very bitter. The 
 former have taken up arms, and, in one fight, killed several hundreds 
 of Khan Bahadur Khan's men, who are an ill-armed rabble. There 
 are no regular troops in the province. Mr. Edwards says — in which 
 I agree with him — that, if the Hindoos were encouraged by our 
 people in authority, they would, doubtless, adopt more energetic 
 measures for ridding themselves of their oppressors. 
 
 Captain Gowan and five other officers, who are in hiding with the 
 Kearee Thakoor, offer to organize the Thakoor's troops, if they are 
 authorized to draw money from bankers for this purpose, and receive 
 some guarantee from here. I agree with Mr. Edwards that the present is 
 a favourable opportunity for communicating with Captain Gowan and 
 Byjinath, and that Government might be induced to authorize a sum 
 up to 50,000 rupees being placed at Captain Gowan's disposal for the 
 purpose mentioned. Indeed, so impressed am I with the very great 
 advantage to our Government, of fostering and promoting bad blood 
 betAveeu the two races, besides encouraging our friends and well- 
 wishers, that, had I been in supreme command here, and you had not 
 been appointed, I would have taken upon myself at once to have given 
 the authority for the money, and asked for the sanction of Government 
 afterwards. However, the matter is now in better hands, and will, no 
 doiibt, receive your every consideration. 
 
 I feel perfectly assiu-ed when you get up here, and into Oude, you 
 will be able to efiect a vast change for us in encouraging the well- 
 disposed. I have heard nothing to-day, whether the General crosses 
 before you come up, or when. I hope, however, all will be ready to start 
 by the time the troops you are bringing I'each this, or very soon 
 afterwards. The sooner Lucknow is relieved, the sooner we shall be 
 in a position to attack and dispose of others. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to General Havelock. 
 
 Camp, Kurreda, lOth September, 1857. 
 I ordered Simmons's column to halt at this ground, 
 ■where I johied him this morning. My object was, to 
 detach a couple of guns and 150 infantry against the 
 Oude zemindars who have crossed over and commenced 
 plundering, to the number of 400 men and two guns. 
 We have got what appears good information of their 
 
266 
 
 whereabouts, fifteen miles nearly due north, and close to 
 the river. As Major Eyre commands the party, he 
 will succeed, if any one can, in discomfiting the scoun- 
 drels. A squadron of the 12th Irregulars, under 
 Captain Johnson and your nephew, is to-day at our 
 yesterday's encamping ground, and will rendezvous with 
 Eyre to-night at a village equidistant from that place 
 and this camp, and some four or five miles from the 
 enemy's position. 
 
 The Europeans (100 of the 5th Fusiliers, and 50 of 
 the 64th) will be all mounted on elephants, and I leave 
 bullock train waggons here to bring them up after us, 
 when they return fi'om the dour. So they will not be 
 exposed to much fatigue, and will overtake us before we 
 reach Cawnpore. 
 
 To-morrow we all, with the above exception, march 
 on together, and shall be with you on the date assigned 
 for my last detachment, viz., 15th, though Simmons's 
 column will not now reach you on the previous day as 
 originally intended. It appears that there are no 
 Christians detained at Assota, and the Cutwal of 
 Futtehpore, who is now in camp, thus writes in ex- 
 planation of the mistake : — 
 
 " I have been honoured with your Purwana, in the 
 matter of there being three Christians at Assota. The 
 case is this, they were neither Christians nor Europeans. 
 Three men — Kulka, Sookareedun, and Aranjun — have 
 been made prisoners by the Kajah of Assota, on the 
 charge of murder: their relations said they would 
 rescue them ; they were, by order of the Cawnpore 
 magistrate, sent to Cawnpore on the 4th instant." 
 
 Macnaghten has, however, sent to the Ranee of Assota 
 to make sure. 
 
 If you have secured a position on the opposite side of 
 the river, with preparation for crossing us over the 
 
267 
 
 moment we arrive, I should hope there can be no doubt 
 you will be in time to relieve the Lucknow garrison, 
 even if their utmost limit is the 28th. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to General Neill. 
 
 Camp^ Kurreeon, lOth September. 
 
 I am in your debt two letters — the last, dated 
 yesterday, and this instant received. I can only hastily 
 thank you for them, as the dak is waiting ; but I am 
 anxious no delay should occur in carrying out the mea- 
 sure you suggest, of opening communication with Captain 
 Gowan, and authorizing him to draw money on Byjinath 
 or other bankers for the purpose of organizing the 
 Kearee Thakoor's troops as you propose. I will take 
 upon myself to give authority to Captain Gowan to draw 
 to the amount of 50,000 rupees to that end ; and I beg 
 you will give the requisite sanction on behalf of Govern- 
 ment on my responsibility. 
 
 I do hope Havelock will be in possession of the oppo- 
 site bank, with the means of crossing, by the time we 
 arrive on the 15th, so that not a moment may be lost in 
 our advance to Lucknow. 
 
 I have overtaken Major Simmons's column here, with 
 a view to detach a party from it to disperse some Oude 
 zemindaree rabble, who, with two guns, have crossed to 
 this side, and are plundering in the Doab. But this 
 makes only the difference, that we shall all reach 
 Cawnpore on the 15th, instead of half of us on the 
 previous day. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Colonel O'Brien. 
 
 Camp^ Thurriaroon^ llth Sept. 1857. 
 I received an express last night from Armstrong, 
 stating that 700 men and four guns had crossed from 
 
268 
 
 Oude, and were about to attack his post. I had heard 
 of these fellows (about half the strength reported by 
 Armstrong) having crossed the river at a point 1 5 miles 
 due north of Khaga (on the Grand Trunk Eoad), 
 their object being supposed to be the plunder of Hutgam 
 Koss and Khaga ; not likely they would attack any post 
 where no plunder and only bullets were to be met. As 
 it is of importance to disperse this body at once, I yes- 
 terday despatched against them a party of 150 Euro- 
 peans (mounted on elephants) and two guns, under 
 Major Eyre ; and in the evening he was joined at 
 Hutgam Koss by thirty of the 12th Irregulars, under 
 Captain Johnson, from our yesterday's camp, where they 
 had arrived in the morning. As the rebels could not 
 have been above five miles from the point of rendez- 
 vous, I trust Eyre may have surprised and given a 
 good account of them. If not, he is doubtless now 
 following them up. This has necessarily detained us 
 a day. 
 
 Simmons's column went on to Futtehpore this morn- 
 ing, taking on the company of the 78 th ; and I follow 
 with the Europeans to-morrow. Eyre will overtake us 
 by the time we reach Cawnpore. The 90th will be the 
 better for this halt, their sick amounting to fifty-two. 
 But though the Oude people may now be driven back, 
 they would probably return shortly after this force 
 passes on ; or the Dinapore and Rewah rebels may cross 
 the Jumna with a view to plunder the Doab and inter- 
 rupt our communications. It is absolutely necessary, 
 therefore, that a post be established between Allahabad 
 and Cawnpore, sufficiently strong to detach against any 
 parties of rebels crossing either the Jumna or Ganges. 
 Futtehpore offers the most convenient position, and I beg, 
 therefore, you will cause preparations to be made for 
 passing on to that place all the men of the 90th and 
 
269 
 
 64tli (except their sick) now coming up from Benares, 
 either by bullock train or marching, as you think most 
 advisable. But the first detachment (which is to reach 
 Allahabad to-morrow) should be despatched by bullock 
 train at once, to take charge of the tents, w^hich I shall 
 leave there, for upAvards of 500 Europeans, intended for 
 the accommodation of the Futtehpore force when all are 
 assembled there. 
 
 Even that small detachment, magnified as it will be 
 by rumour, will suffice to keep the Oude rebels dis- 
 persed by Eyre from again venturing to come across 
 the Ganges ; and long before they learn the real force 
 of the detachment, it will have been reinforced by further 
 details. This post w^ould, moreover, tranquillize the 
 Futtehpore district, which is becoming utterly disor- 
 ganized from the absence of any European supervision, 
 if an experienced civil functionary could be sent to 
 assume charge of it. 
 
 I beg you w^ill inform Mr. Chester how absolutely 
 indispensable it is that he should depute the most expe- 
 rienced magistrate he has. Reduced as the civil duties 
 at Allahabad now are, surely one of the several civilians 
 he has with him may be spared without much inconve- 
 nience ; but, convenient or not, such great interests are 
 involved in preserving the tranquillity of the Futtehpore 
 district at present, that I trust Mr. Chester will not 
 grudge any inconvenience that may be caused him, by 
 assuming for the present the control of Futtehpore, 
 through such officers as he may depute to manage it. 
 I shall urge on the Lieutenant-Governor the expe- 
 diency of attaching Futtehpore to Allahabad with this 
 view. 
 
 Until relieved by the first detachment of Europeans, 
 the havildar's party of Sikhs, who came in charge of 
 the dooly bearers and bheestees, will remain at Futteh- 
 
270 
 
 pore in charge of the tents. You will, I trust, send an 
 experienced officer of our army to aid the senior officer 
 who may be in command of the Queen's detachment at 
 Futtehpore, until you can assume the command there 
 yourself when relieved by Colonel Otter. The garrison 
 and convalescents now at Allahabad must suffice until 
 the Naval Brigade arrives ; and they should be ample 
 while a force of 500 Europeans are passing through to 
 be established so near as Futtehpore. These detach 
 ments, so frequently passing up from Benares to Alla- 
 habad, should suffice to preserve the communication 
 between those places ; and I trust the Goorkhas are by 
 this time in occupation of Jaunpore, which will effec- 
 tually shut out the Oude rebels from that quarter. 
 
 Mr. Sherer, now at Cawnpore, belongs I believe to 
 Futtehpore, and I may find, perhaps, that he can now 
 be spared to return there, and place himself under Mr. 
 Chester's orders. But I hope Mr. Chester will not rely. 
 on this, as possibly he may be too necessary at Cawn- 
 pore just now to Be spared immediately ; and at any 
 rate an experienced civilian should come up with the first 
 detachment, and remain till Mr. Sherer arrives ; if not, 
 to continue there with Mr. Sherer. It may be conve- 
 nient to have a telegraph station at Futtehpore, if it can 
 be managed. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Camp, Thurriaroon, II th September, 1857. 
 I last night received your Excellency's letter dated 
 5th instant, from which I much regret to learn that you 
 have been unwell. Your Excellency's illness at this 
 time would, indeed, be a national calamity. I trust the 
 telegraph message I sent from Allahabad will have 
 relieved your anxiety regarding the rifle ammunition, 
 
271 
 
 a considerable supply having arrived subsequent to 
 Colonel O'Brien's report of the deficiency. With what 
 you mention as being sent in addition, we shall have an 
 ample supply for some time to come. 
 
 The 185 cavalry organized from the waggon train 
 will be invaluable. General Havelock has only about 
 seventy volunteer cavalry, to whom I have about a dozen 
 to add, besides a troop of the 12th Irregulars (under 
 Captain Johnson), who being AfFghans may, I think, 
 be depended on. This comprises our whole cavalry 
 force on this side Agra. 
 
 With regard to the proposed measure of employing 
 the Madras 17th Regiment, with 300 of her Majesty's 
 10th, and two guns from Dinapore, I should have 
 thought it excellent had I not supposed that the l/th 
 Regiment was, by the time I received your Excellency's 
 message on the subject, close to Benares, which induced 
 me to reply — " As the 17th Madras Regiment must 
 now be close to Benares, it would be a pity to send it 
 down to Chupra, where the detachment of the 10th 
 Regiment from Dinapore will answer for the present ; 
 and Benares appears to be the most convenient position 
 from whence to operate generally." This was assuming 
 that your Excellency might have sent orders to Dina- 
 pore direct, to detach the 200 of her Majesty's 10th 
 and two guns for the protection of Chupra, as I had 
 suggested on the 31st August, in consequence of Mr. 
 Hamilton's information. 
 
 As the only means of communicating with Dinapore 
 by telegraph is via Calcutta, I thought thai the quickest 
 and the surest mode of ensuring your Excellency's and 
 the Governor-General's views, on learning the fall of 
 Goruckpore, being at once carried out. And I at the 
 same time sent by post to Mr. Hamilton, and through 
 him to Mr. Samuells, copy of my telegraph message to 
 
272 
 
 your Excellency, with authority to make requisition 
 accordingly in anticipation of the expected orders from 
 Calcutta. These I, however, concluded would long 
 precede the receipt of my communication by letter. As 
 I have heard nothing further from Mr. Hamilton, I 
 trust his apprehensions of disturbances in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Chupra have proved unfounded. Pro- 
 bably the Sikh detachment stationed at Allygunge 
 Sewan, 30 miles north of Chupra, may have sufficed. 
 It subsequently appeared that the Madras regiment 
 did not reach Dinapore till the 31st August, as I learnt 
 only yesterday by a report from Colonel Guy, dated 
 18th instant. And he purposed passing it up without 
 delay ; but though it takes long to steam up from 
 Dinapore to Benares, the regiment would occupy little 
 more than one day in steamer from Benares to Chupra, 
 or but three days in river boats. 
 
 Should it, therefore, still appear preferable to your 
 Excellency to operate on Goruckpore from Chupra, 
 direct your orders by telegraph to Colonel Gordon to 
 despatch the 17th Madras Regiment, and also three or 
 more of Colonel Cotter's horse artillery guns from 
 Benares (in preference to the foot battery guns from 
 Dinapore, the former being perhaps more available than 
 the latter) ; and your orders to Dinapore to send the 
 detachment of her Majesty's 10th to Chupra, with 
 instructions how to act, would reach in a few hours and 
 be carried out immediately ; whereas it would take 
 many days, with more uncertain communication, to 
 convey my orders from hence. I have directed Colonel 
 Gordon to prepare the 17th Regiment, and two of 
 Colonel Cotter's guns, to be in readiness to despatch to 
 Chupra, in the event of such order being issued by your 
 Excellency. If a steamer and flat should be at Benares, 
 he is told to retain them till your orders are received ; 
 
273 
 
 otherwise, to have the requisite river boats ready. I 
 shall request Colonel O'Brien to telegraph to the above 
 effect to your Excellency, and also to Colonel Gordon 
 at Benares, to have the 17th Madras Begiment and 
 half of Colonel Cotter's battery in readiness for imme- 
 diate despatch to Chupra, in the probability that 
 orders to that effect may arrive direct from your Excel- 
 lency. As my letter will reach Colonel O'Brien at 
 Allahabad during the night, I trust the message will 
 reach Calcutta to-morrow. 
 
 My own idea w^as, that operations on a more general 
 scale for rescuing Goruckpore and re-establishing our 
 authority in the North-Eastern Provinces, would best 
 be conducted from Benares — the present seat of the 
 Government and in immediate communication with the 
 Lieutenant-Governor ; and that those operations had 
 best be undertaken on the arrival of the brigade now 
 coming: up the trunk road. And the Lieutenant- 
 Governor quite concurred in my views, as your Excel- 
 lency wdll observe from the following quotations from 
 our correspondence on the subject. I relied on the 
 influence of the Lieutenant-Governor to secure all the 
 requisites for the troops crossing the rivers between 
 Benares and Goruckpore ; and I thought it might be 
 of advantage thus to cut off the retreat of the rebels to 
 Oude, by taking the more northerly route to Goruck- 
 pore. 
 
 With this view I deemed it preferable to await the 
 arrival of all the Madras troops at Benares. I must 
 confess, however, that I am inclined to alter my opinion 
 on further reflecting on the little influence our Govern- 
 ment now possesses beyond a few miles from Benares ; 
 that the Lieutenant-Governor consequently may not be 
 able to secure that ready assistance in boats, supplies, 
 &c., which our troops have heretofore been accustomed 
 18 
 
274 
 
 to look for in passing through the country ; that the 
 rivers we have to pass between Benares and Goruck- 
 pore may not be so speedily crossed as is desirable ; 
 and that, therefore, the movement direct from Chupra 
 may produce more immediate results than the more 
 tardy operations of the Madras column after its arrival 
 at Benares. The latter may, however, co-operate very 
 eifectually by taking the northern route to Goruckpore, 
 while the Chupra column operates from the opposite 
 quarter. The annexed papers marked A, are extracts 
 from my correspondence with Mr. Grant to which I 
 refer above. 
 
 As the simplest mode of informing your Excellency 
 of our proceedings and prospects, I beg to enclose copies 
 of my correspondence with General Havelock and 
 Colonel O'Brien during the past two days. In my 
 yesterday's letter to General Havelock (B), I express 
 my intention to march with all the troops to Futtehpore 
 to-day. Afterwards, on reflecting that all the rein- 
 forcements could not cross the river in one day after 
 our joining General Havelock (even if he has prepared 
 his bridge and occupied the opposite bank before our 
 arrival, which he does not appear to contemplate), I 
 considered that no time would be lost by giving the 
 90th Begimcnt a day's halt, whereas the repose would 
 be of great advantage to the sick and footsore, of whom 
 the former were reported to-day 44, the latter 23. I 
 thought it as w^ell, too, to keep within supporting dis- 
 tance of Major Eyre's detachment, of whose proceedings 
 since he left us yesterday I have yet had no report, but I 
 hope to hear from him before this letter is despatched. 
 
 P.S. — I enclose a note just received from Cawnpore 
 giving the latest news from Lucknow. 
 
 2nd P.S. 3 P.M. — Colonel Eyre's official report of 
 the entire success of his expedition has just arrived. 
 
275 
 
 and is being copied to forward to your Excellency 
 officially. With his despatch Major Eyre wrote me 
 privately as follows : — " I hope the enclosed despatch 
 will please you. Your note reached me just as our 
 morning work was done. If I can find a tolerable road 
 to Futtehpore from this direct, I propose taking that 
 route, as it will do good. The blowing up of the boat 
 has singed some poor fellows terribly, but they had a 
 wondrous - escape. The boats were full of dead men, 
 and at least 200 must have been shot in the river, so 
 we have given them a good lesson." 
 
 3rd P.S. — The Thanadar here has just paid me a 
 visit. He assures me this invasion was to have been 
 followed by a general rising in these parts. 
 
 S'h- J. Outram to Colonel O'Brien, Commanding at 
 
 Allahabad. 
 
 Camp, Thurriaroon, llth September, 1857. 
 
 Oblige me by telegraphing in my name to the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief, as follows : — 
 
 " Received your Excellency's letter, dated 5th instant. 
 I had myself considered that it w^ould be most effectual 
 to operate on Goruckpore from Benares, when Colonel 
 Fischer's Brigade, coming by the Grand Trunk Road, 
 should arrive there ; and, assuming also, that the 17th 
 Madras Regiment, coming up the river, was already 
 close to Benares, The facilities for advancing on 
 Goruckpore, direct from Chupra, w^ould, however, be 
 greater, as avoiding the rivers which intervene between 
 Benares and Goruckpore — if the Madras regiment, 
 half a battery of artillery, and 200 (or 300 might, 
 perhaps, be spared) of her Majesty's 10th Regiment 
 be deemed sufficient. In that case, as the Madras 
 18—2 
 
27G 
 
 17tli Regiment must be at Benares by this time, it and 
 half Major Cotter's Horse Artillery might be de- 
 spatched from Benares to Chupra ; there to be joined 
 by the detachment of her Majesty's 10th Eegiment, 
 either by steamer or river boats. If the former is 
 available, little more than one day would be occupied in 
 the passage ; if river boats, three days. As my orders 
 to Dinapore, by telegraph, can only be sent through 
 Calcutta, and would take many days to reach by post, 
 your Excellency's orders and instructions, if sent direct 
 to Dinapore, would ensure their being rapidly and 
 correctly carried out." 
 
 And the following message to Colonel Gordon : — ■ 
 "It is not improbable you will receive orders from 
 the Commander-in-Chief direct, to despatch an expe- 
 dition to Goruckpore through Chupra. If any steamer 
 and flat be available, keep them till you hear from the 
 Commander-in-Chief; if not, prepare river boats for 
 the following troops, to be held in readiness for imme- 
 diate despatch. The 17th Madras Eegiment, and three 
 guns of Major Cotton's battery, with tents complete ; 
 for which bullocks would be provided at Chupra." 
 
 Pardon this shamefully blotched letter. I have not 
 time to re-write it. I have not yet (II5 a.m.) had any 
 report from Major Eyre of the result of his tour after 
 the Oude rebels. 
 
 P.S. — Since this was written, I have received Eyre's 
 report of the entire success of his expedition, and the 
 destruction of the Oude invaders, as you will see from 
 his official despatch, which I have ordered to be sent 
 through you under a flying seal, and the purport of 
 which please telegraph to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
277 
 
 General Havelock to Sir J. Outram. 
 
 Cawnpore, lltfi Sejytembcr, 1857. 
 I wrote you yesterday by express regarding tlie Oude zemindar, of 
 whom I learn by your letter of the 10th, this morning received, that 
 
 you had akeady heard. 
 
 ****** 
 
 Time presses ; but I regret to say I cannot find a place well fitted 
 for crossing to the opposite bank. The islands directly opposite are too 
 swampy for occupation. I could easily throw a bridge direct to them; 
 but to remain on them, or get out of them, would not be easy, as thei-e 
 are muddy channels between them, fordable perhaps, but not under the 
 fire of a numerous enemy who warily watches the Avhole bank. Under 
 these circumstances I would suggest for your consideration, v/hether it 
 might not be feasible for you to cross to the left bank lower down — say 
 at Nudjufghur Ghat below Sirsood: I could send you down the steamer 
 and as many boats as she could tow, and though this might attract the 
 enemy's attention, you might anticipate him, and get your men and a 
 battery across. Then, if it were previously ascertained that there is no 
 impassable obstacle on the route, you might march up and turn the 
 enemy's entrenchments whilst we crossed by the bridge throAvn direct 
 over to the islands. You would in this case, however, have to leave 
 on the trunk road troops suflicient to convoy the stores of various kinds 
 coming up for us. Pass as we will some risk must be incurred, so the 
 above idea may be worthy of consideration. 
 
 P.S. — Since Avriting the above, it appears certain that the enemy 
 have troops and guns at each of the several points to which we could 
 cross, excepting on the SAvampy island directly in oiir front. So it 
 remains to be considered whether we should avoid the evils of sepa- 
 ration of force involved in the plan above suggested — crossing below at 
 Nudjufghur Ghat. Probably the safest plan after all Avould be to 
 effect the passage to the island. 
 
 Sir James Outram to General Havelock. 
 
 Camj}, Futfehpore, Wth September, 1857. 
 After despatching my last, I decided on halting the 
 90th, instead of bringing on all the troops here yesterday, 
 because it would benefit the sick ; because possibly the 
 Oude rebels might have been reinforced, and Eyre 
 might require support ; and because, as (even had the 
 bridge been ready for our crossing on arrival at Cawn- 
 pore) all could not have got over on that day, no time 
 M'ould be lost by reserving the 90th for the following 
 day. 
 
278 
 
 Yesterday I received Eyre's report of his complete 
 success, copy of which I send you. The rear companies 
 of the 90th and 84th, some 500 men (coming up by 
 Palkcc Gharree to Benares, and by bullock train to 
 Allahabad), I have ordered to be assembled here, and 
 to occupy this place until further orders ; that is, until 
 wc return from Lucknow, as tliey could not join us in 
 time to accompany us there. The first party will be 
 here in two or three days. The lesson Eyre has given 
 the Oude rebels will prevent their return in the interim ; 
 the mere news of European troops being stationed here 
 will prevent any further attempts ; and thus our com- 
 munication between Allahabad and Cawnpore will be 
 uninterrupted during our absence in Oude. I met on 
 
 the march this morning your express of yesterday. 
 
 « * * * * 
 
 Under the circumstances you represent, I quite agree 
 with you in thinking our surest and best plan is that 
 which you suggest, viz., for me to cross the Ganges 
 some miles below Cawnpore, march up the opposite 
 bank, and turn the enemy's intrenchments, while you 
 cross by the bridge thrown directly over to the islands. 
 Nudjufghur Ghat appears in the map to be about 
 twenty miles below the enemy's works in your front. 
 This I think too far. For we should attack him the 
 same day we cross ; whereas, after landing twenty miles 
 below, we should have to bivouac midway for a night, 
 thus affording ample time (twenty-four hours) for the 
 enemy to bring up his detachments from a distance, 
 and so interpose his whole force when we advance next 
 morning, while we are still out of reach of co-operation 
 with you. 
 
 My idea is, that we should cross within six or eight 
 miles at farthest. And we could have sufficient force 
 on the opposite bank in time to protect the landing of 
 
279 
 
 the remainder, even if the enemy should early discover 
 my movement, and come down to obstruct it, if the 
 following plan is carried out, in which I see no difficulty. 
 
 Simmons's column will be at Maharajpore on the 
 14th, where he would halt, and I close up with him 
 next day, 15th. 
 
 On that day a couple of intelligent officers (or four 
 would be better — two to come to me, and two to return 
 to you) would examine and make inquiries regarding 
 the river for six to ten miles down, to find out the best 
 place for crossing, if this had not been previously done. 
 Deep water on both sides, to facilitate embarking and 
 landing, should, if possible, be selected. If not to be 
 had, the most favourable that can be found in other 
 respects. If available, a grove of trees near the landino- 
 place, or a mile or two above it towards the enemy's 
 position, to afford us shelter during the few hours we 
 may remain before advancing to the attack. 
 
 Having chosen the spot, one of the officers to come 
 to my camp to guide us to the place, so that we may 
 arrive there by daybreak the next morning, the other 
 to return to you, to guide the steamer to the same spot 
 and at the same time. 
 
 Two hundred riflemen from your force, or as many as 
 the steamer can carry, to be brought in the steamer, 
 accompanied by an engineer officer acquainted with the 
 position of the enemy's works. These 200 men would 
 but fill the place of the 64th men and sick 90th, who 
 would escort our baggage and stores to Cawnpore. 
 
 If the steamer, with boats in tow, drops down durino- 
 the night without steaming, but with steam up, ready 
 to do so if necessary to prevent grounding, it mav 
 escape the enemy's observation. I wish the party of 
 riflemen to be in her, to ensure their securing our land- 
 ing, even if the enemv should be on the alert and follow 
 
280 
 
 the boats. On arriving near the crossing place, the 
 steamer would cast off the boats on our side, and then, 
 without stopping, steam over to the opposite bank to 
 land the riflemen. The soldiers would form in extended 
 order a hundred yards or so from the top of the bank, 
 and so be ready to check any body of the enemy who 
 might make their appearance, while the steamer comes 
 back to us, and at once embarks a couple of guns, and 
 as many more men as she can carry. These we should 
 have ready to put on board. This reinforcement would 
 render us sufficiently strong to defy the enemy, while 
 the remainder of the troops were crossing, who in the 
 meantime would have got on board the boats ready for 
 the steamer to tow over at leisure. 
 
 All being on the Oude side, we would then move to 
 the nearest tope of trees, and there breakfast and wait 
 until the hour appointed for advancing to turn the 
 enemy's entrenchments. 
 
 Our advance would be timed so as to open our attack 
 at the time previously arranged for your opening your 
 guns upon the enemy's works from the island, your 
 bridge of boats having been prepared so far the previous 
 day or that morning. Our mode of co-operation then, 
 such as may have been arranged between us. 
 
 Having driven the enemy from his position, and 
 followed him up as far as is advisable, your bridge 
 would be completed during the night, and next day our 
 baggage and stores w^ould be brought over. 
 
 Of course it would be necessary to carry with us two 
 days' cooked provisions. 
 
 Let me know if you approve of this plan, or what 
 alterations you would wish to be made. If you approve, 
 tell me at what hour of the day we cross you would 
 wish us to advance to the attack. 
 
281 
 
 The Governor- General of India in Council to Sir J, 
 
 Outram. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta^ 12th September, 1857. 
 
 I have received, this morning, Brigadier luglis's letter of the 1st of 
 September. 
 
 Mami Sing may be assured that if he continues to give the Governor- 
 General effective proof of his fidelity and good-will, his position in Oiide 
 ■will be at least as good as it was before the British Government 
 assumed the administration of the country; Avhilst the proprietors in 
 Oude, who have deserted the Government, will lose their possessions. 
 
 The same assurance may be given to any other chiefs, who will be 
 rewarded in proportion to the suppoi't which they may afford. 
 
 Whatever promises may have been ma,de to Maun Sing, or to 
 others, by Sir Henry Lawrence, are confirmed, and shall be fully 
 redeemed. None, however, have been reported to me. 
 
 I send the above message to Mr. Grant, as well as to yourself. He 
 Avill endeavour to convey the assurance to Maun Sing, by a sure 
 route, in case your communication with Oude should be interrupted. 
 
 I hope you will be able to send a reply to Brigadier Inglis, and 
 inform him of the exertions Avhich have been made for the relief of 
 his brave little band, and of the anxious sympathy which is felt 
 for them. 
 
 General Neill to Sir J. Outram. 
 
 Caicnpore, loth September, 1857. 
 
 Early on the morning of the 11th I had the pleasure of receiving 
 yours of the previous day, and lost no time with Mr. Edwards in 
 carrying out your instructions. I wrote to Captain GoAvan as fol- 
 lows : — 
 
 " In consequence of representations made by you through Mr. Ed- 
 Avards, Collector of Budaon, of your being able, if assisted with money, 
 to organize the troops of the Thakoors where you are, and to get thenr 
 to assist Government in acting against the rebels, I, on being made 
 acquainted Avith them, Avrote to General Sir J. Outram, commanding 
 the forces in the Central Provinces, suggesting to him that you should 
 be assisted to the amount of 50,000 rupees for that end, and Mr. Ed- 
 wards has to-day connnunicated with the native bankers at Bareilly to 
 assist you Avith sums of money to that extent, as you may require them. 
 I must add that no time is to be lost in organizing these troops, and 
 making an impression against the enemy in any place you can." 
 
 I also quoted the order by Government as to the rcAwards for sepoys 
 brought to any military authority, as also those for horses, &c., the 
 property of Government, brought in, and requested him to give them 
 circulation and publicity as extensively as he could. Also to com- 
 
282 
 
 municate my letter to the officer commanding at Nynee Tal, and to 
 request his co-operation in every way for the good of the service, and 
 energetic and vigorous movements against the enemy.* 
 
 Sir J, Outram to Colonel O'Brien. 
 
 Camp, Malwa, I3fh September, 1857. 
 
 In reply to your letter of yesterday, on the subject 
 of the sepoys of the 67th Native Infantry, who are in 
 your neighbourhood on leave from Mr. Colvin, and 
 whose petition you forward, and to your proposal to 
 employ them and others similarly situated, to the num- 
 ber of 200 men, as . convoys and posts on the Grand 
 Trunk Eoad, I have to say, that I not only agree with 
 you in considering it would be highly advantageous to 
 have such a body as you propose organizing under your 
 orders at Futtehpore ; but that, as additional security 
 for our communications between Allahabad and Cawn- 
 pore is urgently required, I take upon myself to autho- 
 rize your entertaining such men to the extent of two 
 hundred. 
 
 Your proposal to place Mr. Glyn at their head, I shall 
 submit to Government with my recommendation. 
 
 You will of course satisfy yourself by the most care- 
 
 * The following letter addressed to Mr. Secretary Edmonstone on the 1st 
 December, 1837, shows the futility of this attempt: — 
 
 " With reference to the Chief Commissioner's letter to his Lordship the 
 Governor-General, dated 14th September last, in which he stated that he had 
 authorized the sum of 50,000 rupees to be expended in an attempt to raise the 
 Hindoo population of Bareilly against the Mahomedan rebels, I am directed to 
 submit the accompanying extract of a letter from Captain Gowan, dated 14th 
 ultimo, from which his Lordship in Council will perceive that the attempt was 
 quite unsuccessful, and has been abandoned without the expenditure of any 
 portion of the amount in question." 
 
 (Extract.) 
 " I have been quite unsuccessful in my attempt to induce the Thakoors 
 round about here to collect together any number of men. I had been led to 
 suppose that they were inclined to render effectual aid to Government, but find 
 it does not go beyond professions of good-will for tlie present, and boastings of 
 Avhat they would do if they were backed by a well-appointed European force, 
 which force could do very well without them, and would only be hampered by 
 their presence. I have consequently not spent any money whatever, or drawn 
 any cheques upon Government for any purpose." 
 
283 
 
 ful scrutiny, that every man you entertain had really, 
 as represented, departed on leave from Agra before any 
 excesses were perpetrated by the mutineers there, and 
 that he has not since been concerned in any act of 
 violence or disloyalty. 
 
 Rolls should be kept of every one you entertain, with 
 the grounds on which you form your judgment as to 
 his innocence registered opposite to the name of each 
 individual, copy of which is to be furnished to Govern- 
 ment. I purpose recommending to Government the 
 establishment of an office at Futtehpore, under your 
 supervision, for receiving and registering such evidence, 
 oral or written, as may be brought forward by native 
 officers or men belonging to mutinied regiments who are 
 desirous of proving their innocence of any complicity 
 in the mutiny, or showing that they exerted themselves 
 to prevent their comrades from mutinying and to pre- 
 serve their officers from violence, in order that every 
 such case may be submitted for the consideration of 
 Government. But, until you receive orders on the sub- 
 ject, you will take no steps in the matter. 
 
 The pay of the men entertained for the service above 
 stated to be what they would be entitled to in their 
 regiment. 
 
 Flint lock, not percussion, muskets should be supplied 
 to them. 
 
 It is essential that civil authority should be esta- 
 blished in these districts. Mr. Chester will accompany 
 you to Futtehpore in the first instance, to whom you 
 will of course afford cordial support. 
 
 I have proposed to the Commander-in-Chief that the 
 Naval Brigade shall garrison Allahabad Fort, and in 
 that case I can withdraw the infantry and foot artillery 
 company now there, to be added to your force at Fut- 
 tehpore. 
 
284 
 
 Commander-in-Chief to Sir J. Outram. 
 
 (Telegrapliic.) Calcutta, loth September. 
 
 To the regret of the Commander-in-Chief, his Excellency has to in- 
 form Sir James Ontram, that the columns which were marching to his 
 support have in two cases been divided and diverted from their original 
 purpose, at the instance of the civil authority. Of Colonel Fisher's 
 column one half has been directed on Dorunda, and the remainder will 
 reach Shergotty about the day after to-morrow, when it will probably 
 be pushed to Sasseram with a view of punishing the mutineers of the 
 5th IrreguLar Cavahy. The route of Madras 17th Native Infantry has 
 also been altered — one wing having gone to Allygunge, and the other 
 to Mirzapore with two of Major Cotter's guns. Upon the arrival of 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Langdon at Dinapore, his Excellency will send 
 forward two hundred men of the 10th Foot to reinforce you. His 
 Excellency's efforts are interfered with at every moment by the re- 
 quisition of the civil authorities. A column is being now organized 
 under the command of Colonel Berkeley, her Majesty's 32nd Ecgiment, 
 which Avill be completed at lianeegunge by the 23rd instant, consisting 
 of the following detachments : — Major Eobertson's Cavalry corps, num- 
 bering in all ranks two hundred and thirty-seven ; two Madras Horse 
 Artillery giins, a company of Madras Sappers, and a company of her 
 Majesty's 53rd Foot. The cavalry corps but just put together, and 
 little thought of, promises to be very efficient : it will proceed to join 
 you as soon as possible. The 53rd Piegiment will be concentrated at 
 Benares eventually. A company of her Majesty's Eoyal Engineers 
 has arrived, as Avell as two companies of Artillery. The former will be 
 pushed up by bullock train to Allahabad, Avhere their services are 
 much required for the defences ; and the artillery, by similar conveyance 
 to Benares, where they will receive their guns and horses. You are 
 requested not to send for either her IMajesty's Engineers or the Madras 
 Sappers, if you can possibly do without them for the present. As there 
 is so much of importance to be done at Allahabad, it is most desirable 
 that they should not be used for mere infantry purposes. Head- 
 quarters and three hundred and fifty men of her Majesty's 23rd Foot 
 have arrived, and Avill take their duty in the fort, thus releasing the 
 head-quarters of the 53rd Foot. The Commander-in-Chief will 
 request the Governor-General to send the necessary orders to Captain 
 Peel as desired in your letter, dated .Camp, Futtehpore, 10th Sep- 
 tember. All the naval detachments are imder the immediate command 
 of the Governor-General. Will you, for the future, send all the tele- 
 graphic communications regarding your niimbers, the state of the force 
 under your command, and your wishes, to Major-Gencral Mansfield, Chief 
 of the Staff; other correspondence to be maintained in the channels 
 heretofore employed. I should be much obliged by your communi- 
 cating this injunction to Brigadier Havelock. 
 
285 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Lieutenant-Governor, Central 
 
 Provinces. 
 
 Camp, Malwa, \Ath September. 
 
 I send under a flying seal for your perusal, and that 
 you may let the Governor- General know your senti- 
 ments on the subject therein mooted (should you please 
 to do so), a letter I have addressed to his Lordship. 
 Only pray don't delay its transmission, if you purpose 
 remarking upon it, but pass it on with a note to say you 
 will forward your comments hereafter. It is high time 
 measures should be taken to show that we do not pur- 
 pose war to the knife, and extermination, against all 
 Hindoos because they are Hindoos, or against all sepoys 
 because they are sepoys. 
 
 We were detained a day by the necessity of detach- 
 ing a party against a body of Oude invaders, whom we 
 utterly destroyed ; and this I trust will deter others 
 from coming over. 
 
 My advanced column will be in Cawnpore to-morrow, 
 and I, with the remainder, next day. 
 
 I trust it will not be many days after ere we reach 
 Lucknow, where, so far as we know, the garrison appears 
 to be holding out manfully. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Governor- General. 
 
 Camp, Malwa, lAth September, 1857- 
 It is my painful duty to bring to your Lordship's 
 notice the very disorganized state of the Allahabad, 
 Futtehpore, and Cawnpore districts, — comprising the 
 whole country between the Ganges and Jumna rivers, 
 from Allahabad to Cawnpore, — which appear, so far as 
 I can learn, to be almost without any civil government 
 beyond the immediate influence of the garrisons of 
 
286 
 
 Allahabad and Cawnpore. Futtehporc, indeed — the 
 central district — I may say, is utterly uncontrolled. 
 
 No civil functionary, I am told, has visited those 
 districts beyond the immediate vicinity of the military 
 stations since Futtehpore was sacked ; and over the 
 Futtehpore district there appears to have been no 
 supervision beyond that of some subordinates, aided by 
 a few wretched burkundazes, whom the zemindars defy, 
 attacking and plundering one another with impunity, 
 for no one attempts to enforce the law. Some zemin- 
 dars have been engaging armed followers, with the 
 avowed intention of raising the standard of rebellion 
 as soon as aid from Oude should arrive, which has been 
 promised. Every native functionary who has waited on 
 me, as I marched through these districts, assured me 
 that the spirit of disaifection is strong among the more 
 powerful zemindars, and would explode, so soon as the 
 invaders from Oude appeared, in a general insurrection. 
 
 The passage of my troops into Oude was the time 
 appointed, as thus my communications would have been 
 cut off, and I must (they thought) return to reopen 
 them, when I should have had too much occupation 
 here to admit of further attempts to relieve Lucknow. 
 Fortunately, they commenced too soon. The advance 
 guard of the invaders, 300 men and four guns, crossed 
 over before I had passed beyond reach, and paid the 
 penalty of their rashness, being utterly destroyed by 
 Major Eyre. This severe example will, I trust, deter 
 others from repeating the attempt. And the precau- 
 tion I have taken of forming a camp at Futtehpore will, 
 I believe, secure the tranquillity of the province during 
 our absence in Oude. But, above all, the presence 
 there of so able and energetic an ofHcer as Mr. Com- 
 missioner Chester, who, on my requesting him to send 
 an experienced magistrate, has determined to go him- 
 
287 
 
 self, will, I trust, soon re-establish order, supported as 
 he will be by a strong body of European troops. 
 
 I beg to refer your Lordship to the accompanying 
 correspondence for further explanation of the measures 
 I have adopted, and which I hope may meet approval. 
 
 As a supplementary means of securing our commu- 
 nications by the trunk road, I have authorized Colonel 
 O'Brien, the officer who is to command at Futtehpore, to 
 organize a small body (200) of certain well-disposed 
 sepoys of the Agra disbanded regiments, who went on 
 leave, duly provided with certificates, on the faith of 
 Mr. Colvin's proclamation, and have not since or pre- 
 viously been implicated in any disloyal act. 
 
 For further information as to the class of men to be 
 engaged, and the terms of their employment, I transmit 
 copies of correspondence with Colonel O'Brien on the 
 subject, confidently trusting that the measure will^ meet 
 with your Lordship's approbation. 
 
 The time has now arrived, I conceive, for your Lord- 
 ship to decide how the native soldiers who have com- 
 mitted no overt act of mutiny or rebellion, and are not 
 implicated in any deed of atrocity, should be dealt with. 
 Among such, I may mention those who were peaceably 
 disarmed at Agra, and went to their homes on the faith 
 of Mr. Colvin's proclamation, before the announcement 
 of its withdrawal by Government ; those who allowed 
 themselves to be disarmed, and have since remained 
 with their regiments doing duty without arms ; and, 
 above all, the very few regiments still stanch to us, 
 who have retained their arms. 
 
 Unless these men receive an assurance that they will 
 remain in our service, with the present pay and privi- 
 leges, their minds will naturally be imbued with doubts 
 as to their future fate, rendering them yet liable to 
 seduction ; while, in the other case, their fidelity may 
 
28S 
 
 be assured, and we certainly cannot entirely dispense 
 with the services of these men. The most favourable 
 time for the promulgation of such a determination on 
 your Lordship's part, would be the announcement of the 
 fall of Delhi and the awful retribution that must then 
 be taken on the mutineers congregated in that city. 
 But if that event, so long delayed, be deferred much 
 longer, the opportunity for taking advantage of the 
 favourable reaction will pass away, and thus no opening 
 for mercy would be available to any of the classes now 
 composing the Bengal native army. Has not the time 
 arrived, my Lord, for a proclamation announcing that, 
 as more than four months have elapsed since the out- 
 break of the rebellion, the Government is satisfied 
 that those reg'iments which have so lonof withstood the 
 menaces and temptations with which their disaffected 
 comrades have assailed them, have thus proved them- 
 selves stanch and trustworthy servants of the Govern- 
 ment, which, therefore, deems it but just to remove 
 any apprehensions they may entertain as to the future, 
 by assuring them of its continued favour? They will 
 be retained in the service, with all the privileges and 
 advantages hitherto enjoyed, and be rewarded for their 
 fidelity, especially those regiments which have served 
 under arms through the crisis, by sharing in the exten- 
 sive promotions to be announced on the reorganization 
 of the native army. It may also be added that Govern- 
 ment has made this announcement at the moment when 
 all India is convinced of the speedy re-establishment of 
 the Government's power, which four months' rebellious 
 conflagration could not shake, and when the legions of 
 England are about to pour into the country. 
 
 But I humbly conceive the Government should go 
 further : it should express its conviction that thousands 
 of the sepoys unhappily belonging to the regiments that 
 
289 
 
 fell away from their duty, were the unwilling victims of 
 a powerful majority, whom they were helpless to oppose, 
 and were no party to the violence and crimes of their 
 comrades ; to avoid participation in which, they retired 
 peacefully to their homes, and in many cases proved 
 their devotion by saving the lives of their officers. The 
 Government, acting upon this conviction, and being 
 desirous not to confound the innocent with the guilty, 
 has, therefore, empowered a committee of officers to 
 
 assemble at , who will investigate and report on 
 
 the cases of those officers and men who appear before 
 them to establish their innocence. After the evidence 
 produced has been considered and recorded, their 
 cases will be submitted for the consideration of 
 Government. 
 
 Should some such course be decided on, Futtehpore 
 would be a convenient place for holding one of the 
 committees, and Colonel O'Brien well qualified to 
 preside over it. 
 
 I entreat your Lordship's pardon for intruding these 
 suggestions ; but I am convinced there are many sepoys 
 in a similar position to those whose petition is attached 
 to enclosure B, and that others possess documents from 
 their officers, acknowledging their devotion to them in 
 extremity, to whom it would be just and politic to give 
 employment. I am also aware that the belief is gaining 
 ground that Hindoos are to be entirely excluded from 
 our service, and that those still remaining in it will be 
 expelled, and such a belief, by depriving them of all hope, 
 is calculated to keep alive among that class the flame of 
 insurrection which might otherwise be speedily ex- 
 tinguished. Hence, I feel I should be unworthy of the 
 confidence with which your Lordship honours me, were 
 I not frankly to inform you of these facts. 
 
 Believing that the interests of the State cannot be 
 19 
 
290 
 
 better advanced in the rebellious districts, at present 
 beyond our control, than by inciting a portion of the 
 people to espouse the cause of our Government, I have 
 sanctioned a measure calculated to raise the Hindoo 
 population of Bareilly against the Mahomedan rebels 
 who have usurped the Government of that province. 
 Your Lordship will understand the nature of the measure 
 I allude to on perusing the accompaniment (C).* I do 
 not advocate that measure on the ground avowed by 
 General Neill in this correspondence, i.e. the " policy 
 of promoting bad blood between the two races " (Hindoo 
 and Mahomedan) ; but I think, as he does, that it is our 
 policy to " encourage our friends and well-wishers," by 
 the example of our Hindoo subjects seeking to retrieve 
 the past by now fighting in our cause ; and that the 
 outlay of 50,000 rupees, of which I have authorized the 
 disbursal, in anticipation of your Lordship's sanction, 
 will be well bestowed in promoting that object, besides 
 securing the recovery of the officers alluded to as 
 concealed in Bareilly. 
 
 Sir J. Outratu to General Havelock. 
 
 Campy Aong, 14^A September, 1857. 
 A second post has come from Cawnpore since you 
 ought to have been in possession of a letter I wrote 
 to you from Futtehpore on the 12th, though I received 
 next day the reply to a note I sent Bruce by the same 
 post that took — or ought to have taken — my letter to 
 yourself. I am afraid, therefore, my letter may have 
 been put, by mistake, into the mail for Allahabad, 
 instead of in that for Cawnpore. Lest this should 
 be the case, I now send you by express the duplicate of 
 
 * Appendix C. From General Neill, 9th September. To General Neill, 
 loth September. From General Neill, 13th September. 
 
291 
 
 that portion of my letter, in reply to your proposition 
 that I should cross some miles below Cawnpore, move 
 up the opposite bank, and take the enemy's works in 
 reverse, which you will see I think highly of. In reply 
 to a request I made to Bruce for information regarding 
 the opposite bank, he says, " From this point " (the 
 islands where you last crossed) " the Oude bank is low, 
 swampy, and intersected by numerous small channels, 
 to a distance of eight or nine miles, below which the 
 man did not go." I trust you will approve of the mode 
 in which I purpose carrying out the movement you 
 suggested — and, in that case, I beg you will ascertain and 
 let me know to what distance inland the swamps and 
 channels on the Oude side extend; — consequently what 
 length of detour I should have to make round them to 
 the enemy's position, supposing I cross eight or nine 
 miles down ; — the point of crossing depends on the 
 information the officers bring me whom I have requested 
 you to send to-morrow to reconnoitre the bank and then 
 to come to my camp at Maharajpore. 
 
 As it is of the utmost importance I should receive 
 your answer to-night, I send this express, and beg you 
 will despatch your reply in the same way. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to General Havelock. 
 
 Camp^ Aongf I4th September, 1857. 
 I have just received your express of to-day, replying 
 to mine of the 12th, for which I was anxiously looking. 
 
 *3r ^ ^ ^ -J? 
 
 As little or no opposition to your crossing is now 
 expected, the detour I proposed to make at the opposite 
 bank to take the enemy's works in reverse, may be 
 unnecessary ; and as the Oude side is said to be a 
 swamp, it is as well to avoid the attempt to operate 
 19—2 
 
292 
 
 that way, as no pressing necessity warrants the risk. I 
 shall, therefore, as you advise, join you at Cawnpore. 
 Simmons's column will he with you to-morrow morning, 
 and I, with the remainder, next morning. I only hope 
 you may have the bridge ready to cross over without 
 further delay, for the renewed activity of the enemy at 
 Lucknow in mining, makes me feel anxious about the 
 garrison holding out many days longer. I don't know 
 whether I replied to your note mentioning the organiza- 
 tion you propose for your force. As I purpose deputing 
 to you the command, until the great^object for which you 
 have so long fought is attained, of course I shall leave 
 you unfettered in your arrangements ; but I would suggest 
 for your consideration whether, instead of calling your 
 two columns wings, you should not constitute each a 
 brigade, with a brigade-major to each brigadier, and 
 with a field hospital to each brigade. The latter, I 
 think, would be especially advantageous, and I have a 
 field hospital ready for your second brigade if you desire 
 it. Perhaps, in your position, your forming these 
 brigades might be questioned ; but I will take upon 
 myself the responsibility of doing so, if you wish it. 
 
 I propose, on joining you, to issue an order nominating 
 the divisional force to be placed at your command for 
 service in Oude, stating why I waive the command, and 
 accompany you in my civil capacity, until the relief of 
 the garrison has been effected ; when my functions, civil 
 and military, will commence. Hoping this will meet 
 your views, believe me, &c. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Camp, Maharajpore, I5th September, 1857. 
 I have prepared the accompanying extracts from my 
 correspondence with General Havelock of the last three 
 
293 
 
 or four clays, that your Excellency may thus learn what 
 our plans and prospects are. 
 
 Had the enemy determined to hold the works they 
 
 were supposed to have prepared to oppose our crossing 
 
 at Cawnpore, the movement I had intended, by which I 
 
 should have taken those works in reverse, would have 
 
 * been decisive. 
 
 As it now appears that they have no intention of 
 attempting to oppose us there, that movement, of course, 
 is unnecessary ; and we shall all cross at Cawnpore. 
 Major Simmons's column reaches that place to-day. I 
 shall go on this evening ; and the troops now with me 
 will be there to-morrow morning. 
 
 If General Havelock has, as I hope, commenced his 
 boat bridge to-day, all will, I trust, be over by the 
 evening of the 18th; and five days more will see us 
 at Lucknow, unless more formidable obstructions are 
 prepared on the road than I have reason to expect. As 
 yet none of the bridges have been destroyed. 
 
 In this correspondence your Excellency will observe 
 that General Havelock proposes to form his force 
 into two wings of three regiments each ; but it ap- 
 pears to me that in the form of two brigades, Avith 
 brigade staff, it would work better, especially with a 
 field hospital to each; and I hope your Excellency 
 will approve my so constituting the force while em- 
 ployed in Oude. The brigades to be broken up on 
 recrossing to Cawnpore, for such new formation as 
 you probably will have in the meantime directed for 
 the force which I presume will then be pushed on 
 to Agra. 
 
 My only apprehension is of the failure of the Commis- 
 sariat department to supply the vast demand for carriage, 
 &c., that will be required for the troops soon expected 
 from England. And this apprehension, your Excellency 
 
294 
 
 will observe from the enclosed extract, is shared by the 
 Lieutenant-Governor. 
 
 I have to-day addressed you officially on the subject, 
 suggesting the steps which I think should be adopted. 
 If a permanent cart-carriage department, on a very 
 extensive scale, could be organized at Eaneegunge, with 
 thousands of bullocks well fed and maintained, as the' 
 property of Government, our carriage difficulty would 
 be overcome ; for the carts and cattle, being Government 
 property, would accompany the troops through Benares 
 and Allahabad to their destination, wherever it might 
 be, instead of being relieved, as at present, every second 
 or third stage, by bullocks pressed from the villages, in 
 such wretched condition as ensure their breaking down 
 on the road ; and further delays to replace. As the 
 troops from England will all have to come up the trunk 
 road, the river being no longer available, this mode of 
 transport is a serious consideration. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Colonel Inglis, Commanding at 
 
 Lucknow. 
 Cawnpore, l6th September, 1857. 
 All the troops have now come up — the bridge 
 getting ready, and no time will be lost. Cannot of 
 course fix the exact day. My only apprehension is, 
 lest, when you hear us engaged on the opposite of, or in, 
 the town, forcing our way to you, your garrison, in its 
 eagerness to aid us by a sortie, should be tempted to go 
 far from your works, so that too few European soldiers 
 might be left to guard your defences. In the proba- 
 bility of this occurring, it is not unlikely the enemy 
 may have a strong body concealed near you, ready to 
 make a rush upon your works in the expectation that 
 they may be left weakly guarded, as their last chance of 
 getting at you. 
 
295 
 
 If a small and compact body can with safety be spared 
 to penetrate a short way in the direction in which we 
 are engaged, it might have a beneficial effect by open- 
 ing a fusiladc towards the rear of our opponents. 
 Even though the latter may not be within reach, the 
 mere sound of firing in their rear would compel the 
 enemy to run lest they should be caught between two 
 fires. It may be ten days yet before we reach you 
 if much opposed on the road ; but depend on our 
 coming. 
 
 With heartfelt wishes for the welfare of my numerous 
 friends with you, believe me, &c. 
 
 Sb' J. Outram to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 Cawnpore^ l6th September, 1857- 
 
 I joined General Havelock here last night, and 
 have to-day issued an order of which I enclose a copy 
 in the hope it may meet your Excellency's approval, 
 particularly as to the organization of the division I 
 have placed under General Havelock's command, of two 
 brigades of infantry and one of artillery. 
 
 As a special and peculiar case, I thought myself 
 called upon to take upon myself the responsibility of 
 forming the force into brigades ; not merely because so 
 large a body of troops — or rather a force composed of 
 so many different regiments — can be more effectively 
 handled in the field under such formation ; but particu- 
 larly with a view to maintain strict discipline during 
 the time the troops may occupy the city, for which 
 General Havelock will certainly require the aid of his 
 brigadiers and their staff, in addition to the comman- 
 ders of regiments, to whom alone he would otherwise 
 have had to look. 
 
 Unless I receive your Excellency's order to break up 
 
296 
 
 the division when it recrosses the Ganges to Cawnporc, 
 this division so formed might be well adapted for imme- 
 diate movement on Agra, after completing the regiments 
 by closing up the detachments belonging to them from 
 Futtehpore, should in the meantime another regiment 
 have come up to occupy that position. 
 
 I have just (5 J p. m.) returned from the bridge, 
 which I regret to find is only half completed to the 
 island, beyond which there are two small creeks to 
 cross, where fascines must be laid over the mud. I 
 fear, therefore, it will be the evening of the 19th ere 
 we have all got over, instead of the 18th, as the engineers 
 had led me to expect. 
 
 From what we can learn from Lucknow, it would 
 appear that the besiegers have slackened in their 
 attacks lately, the sepoys tiring of the work, and going 
 off to their homes in great numbers. But I do not 
 think our sources of information are much to be relied 
 on. My only anxiety is lest they should be more suc- 
 cessful in mining, which they appear to have taken to of 
 late. Unless seriously damaged by such means, there 
 need be no fear that the garrison cannot hold out till 
 we reach them. 
 
 Si?' J. Outram to the Governor- General. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Caicnpore, \7th September, 6 J a.m. 
 
 If I find that a bris^ade of three reo^iments can 
 securely hold Lucknow by being placed in an invulne- 
 rable position, commanding the city and its resources, 
 shall Lucknow be retained ? If that place is abandoned, 
 a larger body of troops will be expended in watching 
 Oude than in holding Lucknow, in securing the com- 
 munication from Benares to Allahabad, and along the 
 line of the Ganges to Furruckabad. The moral effect 
 
297 
 
 of abandoning Lucknow will be very serious, as turning 
 against us the many well-disposed chiefs in Oude and 
 Rohilcund who are now watching the turn of affairs, 
 and would regard the loss of Lucknow as the fore- 
 runner of the extinction of our rule. Such a blow to 
 our prestige may extend its influence to Nepaul, and 
 will be felt all over India. The civil government of the 
 city may be maintained without interfering with the 
 province for the present. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Governor- General. 
 
 Cawnpore, V]tli September ^ 1857. 
 
 The information I have obtained from all sources, 
 at Benares, Allahabad, and this place, as well as during 
 my progress through the country, establishes the fact 
 satisfactorily in my mind that there is a large and 
 influential class in Oude and Rohilcund amono^ the 
 more powerful, and most of the middle class, of chiefs 
 and zemindars, who really desire the re-establishment 
 of our rule ; while others well disposed to us have only 
 been induced to turn against us because they believe 
 that our Kaj is gone. I am so deeply impressed, there- 
 fore, with the impolicy of abandoning Lucknow at this 
 crisis, that I Avrite to implore your Lordship to reconsider 
 the resolution of your Government which at present 
 binds me to that course. 
 
 The entire abandonment of Lucknow after with- 
 drawing the present beleaguered garrison, will, I am 
 convinced, be very seriously detrimental to our interests, 
 and will be regarded by the classes above referred to 
 as the first step towards the extinction of our rule in 
 India — certainly as resigning Oude for ever. They 
 would then of course be compelled to make common 
 cause against us ; and far more troops would be required 
 
298 
 
 to secure the communication from Benares to Allahabad, 
 and along the line of the Ganges to Furruckabad, than 
 would be requisite to hold Lucknow; — irrespective of 
 the consideration of the cost we shall hereafter be put 
 to in retaking that city. Whereas the occupation of 
 Lucknow will encourage the well-affected or peaceably 
 disposed to keep their followers from joining our 
 enemies, and the ill disposed would do so in self- 
 defence ; while our open foes would have to keep the 
 field in the vicinity of the city, to hold our garrison in 
 check, to guard against sallies, though not daring to 
 assail the garrison in its commanding position. And 
 thus the hostile elements in Oude would be in a great 
 measure, if not entirely, paralyzed so far as regards 
 offensive operations in our districts beyond the frontier 
 of Oude. 
 
 I am satisfied that three regiments of European 
 infantry can be placed in such commanding positions 
 in Lucknow, having secure communication with each 
 other, as would effectually command, not merely the 
 submission, but also the resources, of the whole city. 
 I have no doubt that the aid of the neighbouring chiefs 
 can be secured for maintaining the communication 
 between Lucknow and Cawnpore without the aid of 
 European detachments stationed on the road. And, 
 under General Neill's able command, aided by such 
 civil functionaries as I would place at his disposal for 
 the management of the city, I am convinced that our 
 position there can be maintained with credit and with 
 little opposition. 
 
 After selecting the troops to be left with General 
 Neill at Lucknow, the remainder would escort the 
 liberated garrison to this place. And then a very 
 efficient force would remain to despatch to Agra or 
 elsewhere. I have to-day telegraphed the substance 
 
299 
 
 of these propositions to your Lordship, and beg that 
 orders may be sent me by telegraph through Captain 
 Bruce, cantonment magistrate at Cawnpore, who will 
 secure their reaching me, to the effect — " Do as you 
 propose," or " withdraw," as your Lordship may be 
 pleased to decide. 
 
 I have not dwelt on the very obvious advantage to 
 accrue from our districts bordering in Oude, through 
 which our troops have to pass, being secured from moles- 
 tation or disturbance ; in ensuring the resources of those 
 provinces for the supply of our advancing armies ; nor, 
 on what must be equally apparent to your Lordship, 
 the severe blow to our prestige the abandonment of 
 Lucknow would be, extending its evil influence probably 
 to Nepaul, and certain to be severely felt throughout 
 India.* 
 
 * It is to be recollected that, when the above was written, no rebel govern- 
 ment had been organized in Oude, and that the city was domineered over by the 
 mutineer soldiery, Avho had been joined by only a few of the chiefs. The prin- 
 cipal chiefs and landholders still evaded joining in hostilities against us, and 
 watched the turn of events. Had we succeeded in permanently expelling the 
 sepoy mutineers from Lucknow, when General Havelock's force joined the 
 garrison on the 25th September, there would have been a reaction in the city in 
 our favour ; for all the middle and higher classes were anxious for our pro- 
 tection, and longed to be relieved from the tyranny and exactions under which 
 they had suffered during the previous three months of sepoy domination. 
 About 2 iMt. the sepoys began to leave the city, accompanied by "armed 
 men " and " large bodies of Irregular Cavalry." It is a fact that, on the night 
 of the 25th, the sepoys entirely evacuated the city. Next morning, none but 
 the city budmashcs, the palace retainers, and Maun Sing's followers, remained 
 to oppose us ; and, had the whole of General Havelock's force been then united, 
 the entire city would then have been completely under our control, and could have 
 been held by our troops occupying those commanding positions they have occu- 
 pied since the recapture of the city. For the majority of the inhabitants, and 
 all the more wealthy of them, were equally interested with ourselves in preventing 
 the return of the sepoys; and thus, the general defection throughout Oude, 
 which took place when it was found that General Havelock's force were fairly 
 shut up in Lucknow, would liave been, in a great measure, averted. Instead, 
 however, of waiting in the Chutter Munzil, where we had a safe position \intil 
 joined by the rear guard — covering its advance by opening a heavy fire on those 
 gims at the Kaiser Bagh from which it afterwards suffered so severely — and 
 opening a safe communication with the Residency through the deserted palaces, 
 the troops, unfortunately, left the rear guard to its own resources, and pushed 
 on through the streets. The consequence was that the rear guard — one-third 
 of the entire force — was cut off for two nights and a day, and suffered most 
 severely ere it effected a junction on the morning of the 27th September ; and, 
 besides its heavy loss in killed, whose bodies could not be brought in, those who 
 had been wounded in the earlier part of the day and had been sent to the rear — 
 
300 
 
 It is rumoured that the rebels propose to negotiate 
 for the peaceable surrender of the garrison if we will 
 not advance to the city, a proposition which of course 
 cannot be received. 
 
 Mr. Secretary Beadon to the Secretary to the Govern- 
 ment of Bengal. 
 
 (Extract.) Calcutta, 17th September., 1857. 
 
 I am directed by tlie Right Honourable the Governor-General in 
 Council to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, No. 1,673, dated the 
 12th instant, forwarding a correspondence with the Commissioner of 
 the Patna Division, relative to the state of the division, and the means 
 taken for its protection. 
 
 2. I am desired to state, that his Lordship in Council regrets the 
 detention of the detachment of the 17th Regiment Madras Native In- 
 fantry by the Commissioner. 
 
 3. His Lordship in Council considers that the circumstances under 
 which Mr. Samuells detained these troops were not of the extreme 
 urgency contemplated by Sir James Outram, in Colonel Napier's letter 
 of the 20t]i August ; and no authority but that of the Supreme Govern- 
 ment, or of the General in command, is sufficient to warrant the diver- 
 sion of troops from their destination at the present time. . . . 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Military Secretary to the 
 Governor- General. 
 
 Cawnpore, 17 th September, 1857. 
 Lest the newspapers should misrepresent the fact of 
 a body of troops, which Havelock had put in orders to 
 
 amounting to seventy-seven — fell into the enemy's hands, and were murdered. 
 These losses, added to those sustained in advancing through the streets from the 
 Chutter Munzil to the Residency, encouraged the remaining rebels, who de- 
 spatched the heads of our slain (witli exaggerated reports of the slaughter) after 
 the flying sepoys, and thus induced tliera to return ; and as, after its heavy 
 losses, tlie relieving force was too weak to witlidraw the garrison, tlie rebels, 
 believing that tlie garrison commissariat had been almost exhausted befure 
 General Havelock's arrival, made sure of the entire and early destruction of the 
 aggregate force by famine. Then it was — and only then — the conviction became 
 general that British rule could not be re-established in Oude. Then was the 
 boy-king proclaimed — a regular government was established ; and all those 
 chiefs, wlio had heretofore wavered or held aloof, were induced to embrace the 
 rebel cause. Had the reaction in the city taken place — which, but for tlie 
 abandonment of the rear guard, would certainly have taken place — we could, 
 with the force proposed in this letter, have held the positions in Lucknow which 
 we now hold, and all the advantages which the letter contemplates would have 
 resulted. — (See Letter to Sir Colin Campbell, in his Despatches.) 
 
301 
 
 cross the river yesterday morning, having been counter- 
 manded after my arrival the evening before, as an in- 
 terference on my part involving delay in our advance, 
 I beg you will have the kindness to explain to Lord 
 Canning and Sir Colin Campbell what are the real 
 facts of the case. 
 
 On my arrival here on the evening of the 15th, 
 General Havelock informed me that he purposed com- 
 mencing to construct the boat bridge next morning, 
 and that he had ordered troops and guns to be passed 
 over in boats before daybreak, to occupy the sandy 
 hillocks on the opposite side, and thus prevent obstruc- 
 tion to the bridge operation. On ascertaining from the 
 General that his 24-pounders, planted on this side, had 
 been proved to range as far as the position the enemy 
 would occupy, if they wished to annoy us, and that he 
 had not prepared to send any tents, — the soldiers being 
 intended to hold the post during the two days it was 
 supposed the construction of the bridge, &c., would 
 occupy, without shelter from the dews at night or sun 
 by day, — I represented that such exposure at this 
 season, and in the midst of a swamp, would entail 
 greater loss than an engagement with the enemy. And 
 I recommended that no troops should be sent across, at 
 least until the bridge was completed, to the island, 
 where there was little chance of the enemy coming near 
 enough to molest the work under the fire of our guns ; 
 adding that, if they did, it would be time enough then 
 to send troops to repel them ; and that, so soon as the 
 bridge to the island was nearly ready, a detachment 
 with guns could occupy the island to protect the work- 
 men employed in making the road over the opposite 
 muddy creek with fascines and planking, strongly urging 
 that tents should be provided for this party. To this 
 General Havelock consented, and, indeed, it had been 
 
302 
 
 his original plan, but was overruled by the engineers. 
 Accordingly, the troops were countermanded, and the 
 bridofe is being- constructed without their aid. It will 
 be completed to-day. The detachment marches over to 
 the island this afternoon, provided with tents ; and I 
 trust that the creeks will be bridged to-morrow, and 
 that all the troops, &c., will have crossed by next 
 evening at furthest. However that may be, not one 
 hour's delay to the actual advance of the army has 
 been caused by the countermand of the detachment 
 which had been ordered to cross yesterdav, and much 
 suffering has been avoided. 
 
 The reports from Lucknow are that the attack is 
 very slack — scarcely any firing. My only fear is that 
 mining may be going on. 
 
 Sii' J. Outram to the Lieutenant-Governor^ Central 
 
 Frovinces. 
 Cawnpore^ \7th September, 1857. 
 
 I have only time to answer you very hastily about 
 Futtehpore. Of course, I cannot pledge myself always 
 to retain Europeans at Futtehpore, under the changes 
 and exigencies that are constantly liable to arise in 
 times like these. But there must always be a military 
 post there of some sort, to secure our communications. 
 Unless, however, your civil officers avail themselves of 
 the opportunity to recover their authority over that 
 district, now that the crops are ripening, they will do 
 little good, and it will be a long time ere they redeem 
 the evil which will be suffered from any delay that may 
 occur in looking after Futtehpore. 
 
 As I have not time to write to Mr. Chester to-day 
 (being in all the bustle of preparation for crossing into 
 Oude, and clearing off correspondence in the interim), I 
 will send this note open through him to forward to you. 
 
303 
 
 I am glad you have opened communication with 
 Maun Sing. I wish you would persuade him to join 
 me at Lucknow, where I have some idea of establishing 
 a native government, to hold the capital in our name 
 until we resume our authority there. But I see infinite 
 evils from abandoning Lucknow, and I have urged the 
 Governor- General to allow of its being held, as it can 
 be, by a strong brigade (three European regiments), so 
 located as to be unassailable themselves, while they 
 command the whole city and its resources. A far 
 larger force would be tied up in watching Oude, and 
 protecting our communications from Benares to Fur- 
 ruckabad than would hold Lucknow ; and the latter 
 course would prevent any serious attempt of the enemy 
 beyond the Oude frontier. 
 
 If you are 'perfectly secure of the good faith of the 
 Nepaulese, they might perhaps be trusted with two 
 more guns. But it is a great risk ; and if guns are 
 given, much ammunition should not go with them. On 
 your responsibility the guns will be given, on your 
 making official requisition on Colonel Gordon to that 
 effect; but I must confess I would rather not trust 
 them with more. 
 
 We received, and passed on to you by telegraph yes- 
 terday, the news of poor Colvin's death. I suppose 
 anxiety of mind must have been greatly the cause — 
 poor man ! 
 
 P.S. — Since this was written, I have learnt that only 
 one 9-pounder battery was landed at Benares, instead 
 of two, as I had been informed. In this case, I don't 
 think any 9-pounder guns can be spared from the Raj 
 Ghat works ; and I have, by to-day's telegraph, replied 
 to you to this effect, and that Colonel Gordon is di- 
 rected to furnish two 12-pounder howitzers from the 
 first steamer that passed up. 
 
304 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Governor- General. 
 
 Cawnpore, I8th September^ 1857. 
 
 With reference to the letters which I addressed to 
 your Lordship on the 14th instant and yesterday, I beg 
 to forward the statements of three gentlemen of the 
 Civil Service, now here, with which I was yesterday 
 favoured on my requesting they would frankly state 
 to me, for submission privately to your Lordship, the 
 impressions they have formed, under the peculiarly 
 favourable opportunities afforded by their personal 
 intercourse with the classes now in revolt. I may 
 especially refer to those of Messrs. Edward and Probyn, 
 who lately were sent in by the Hindoo Chief Hurdoo 
 Bux, a powerful talookdar of Oude, by whom they had 
 been protected since the outbreak, and during their 
 stay with him the motives and feelings which influenced 
 the disaffected were freely disclosed. I will not pre- 
 sume to offer any opinion on the policy of the course 
 which has heretofore been adopted, and to which these 
 gentlemen attribute the disaffection of the landed gentry; 
 but the perusal of these documents may possibly induce 
 your Lordship to favour me with instructions as to the 
 demeanour I am to adopt towards, and the communi- 
 cations I may make to, influential persons of that class 
 with whom I may hold intercourse in Oude ; especially 
 as regards the suggestions made by Mr. Edwards of the 
 measures which he considers (and I quite concur in his 
 conviction) would not fail to cause the leading men to 
 support us — certainly to abstain from all opposition. 
 
 Your Lordship's orders, if telegraphed to Captain 
 Bruce, Superintendent of Police, would be conveyed by 
 him to me, probably while I am still at Lucknow. 
 
 I enclose for your Lordship's information extracts 
 from a letter I have received from my wife at Agra, 
 
305 
 
 which, though dated 4th instant, only reached mo 
 to-day, having gone on to Allahabad. 
 
 Telegraphic messages on the subject of assurances to 
 the Gwalior Maharaj were, however, I am told, trans- 
 mitted to your Lordship some days ago, before Mr. 
 Colvin's death. 
 
 I regret to say, bridging the Ganges has proved a 
 more tedious work than I was led to expect. Instead 
 of being completed in one day, as the engineer officers 
 hoped, this is the third since its commencement ; and it 
 cannot be completed till the evening, if then. If it is, 
 the troops and baggage, &c., will all be over by to- 
 morrow evenino-. 
 
 o 
 
 P.S. — I enclose translation of a Purwana I have 
 addressed to a zemindar of Oude, at the suggestion of 
 General Havelock, who had opened communication with 
 that chief; and I hope we may succeed in eventually 
 effecting, through him, the capture of the notorious 
 Nana. 
 
 (Enclosure.) 
 
 Copy of a Purwana despatclied by Major-General Outram, G.C.B., 
 Chief Commissioner of Oude, to Nurput Sing, son of Jussa Sing, 
 Talookdar residing at Futtebpore-Cliourasse, in Oude. 
 
 Dated CaivnjJore, 17th Sejotemher, 1857. 
 
 I have been informed that the traitor " Nana Sahib " is residing with 
 yon. You must be aware of the consequences of harbouring such 
 characters. On the other hand, if you secure him and make him over 
 to me, on my crossing the river, I, Major-C4eneral Outram, Chief 
 Commissioner of Oude, do solemnly promise, that not only shall you 
 receive the reward offered by the British Government for the capture 
 of this criminal, i.e. a sum of 50,000 rupees, but that full indemnity 
 shall be granted to you for the past, and all your lands secured to you. 
 Should it be ascertained that the late Sir Henry Lawrence had promised 
 to you a still greater reward than the one offered by Government, you 
 have my assurance that it shall be given to you. 
 
 I cannot but feel assured that you will not so far neglect your duty 
 to the British Government, and at the same time mar your own 
 interests, as to screen and withhold a notorious and proclaimed 
 offender — a disgrace to his own kindred, and an object of horror 
 to all. 
 
 20 
 
306 
 
 The Governor- General to Sir James Outram. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 18i/i September. 
 
 Lucknow may be retained if you can hold it securely and -without 
 depending upon early reinforcements ; but the one paramount object 
 is the rescue of the garrison, and Avhatever will most surely conduce 
 to this will be best. If the safety of the garrison can be more 
 thoroughly secured by retiring, pray do not hesitate to do so. We 
 will recover our prestige before long. As to reinforcements, the 
 China regiments are very slow in arriving. The head-quarters of 
 the 23rd Regiment (350 strong) arrived to-day, but it is not known 
 where the rest are. Therefore you must not count upon any addition 
 to your Europeans at present. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Governor- General. 
 
 Camp, left hank of the Ganges, 
 opposite Cawnpore, 20th Sept. 1857. 
 
 I have the pleasure to forward extracts from a letter 
 I have to-day received from Captain Patrick Orr, dated 
 13th instant, from Mutowlie, the residence of a rajah 
 in Oude, under whose protection Captain Orr, three 
 other gentlemen, two ladies, and two children, have 
 remained since the outbreak. And also a note from 
 Lieutenant Barnes, writing from the same place, who 
 mentions that there are nine males and three ladies 
 under the protection of another chief, at a place called 
 Mutteara, in Oude. 
 
 These complete a list of ten chieftains of Oude who 
 have proved their fidelity to Government by protecting 
 our subjects. And to these two chiefs I have addressed 
 letters, of one of which I annex a translation for your 
 Lordship's information and, I hope, approval, as ensur- 
 ing, I think, the preservation of their guests until I can 
 send for them from Lucknow. 
 
 I also transmit the translation of a proclamation 
 which will be printed to-day at Cawnpore, and exten- 
 sively circulated in Oude to-morrow. 
 
307 
 
 Under any circumstances, such an intimation would, 
 I trust, meet your Lordship's approval, as opening the 
 door to those who are not irretrievably committed 
 beyond the pale of mercy ; but it is particularly called 
 for at this juncture, to counteract the effect of the 
 strenuous endeavours now being exerted at Lucknow by 
 the rebel leaders, to draw all classes to their cause by 
 representing that all who have in any way borne arms 
 against the British are equally certain to meet the fate 
 we award to the mutineers who fall into our hands ; 
 consequently that nothing is left for them but war to 
 the death ao^ainst the English. 
 
 P.S. — Since the above was written, we have received 
 information that a gentleman, his wife, and child (lately 
 born) are protected by another chief, Jhan Sing, 
 zemindar of Brahmpore, twelve miles north of Beeugur- 
 mhow, in Oude. 
 
 In every case where the zemindars have aflPorded such 
 protection, they have resisted all the wiles and threats 
 of the rebel leaders to induce them to give up their 
 guests. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Colonel higlis^ Commanding at 
 Lucknow. 
 
 Alurn Bdgh, 24:th September, 1857. 
 The army halts here to-day, to recruit after three 
 days' exposure to incessant rain, also to clear some 
 obstacles in our front. To-morrow it will advance, but 
 it may be late in the day ere it reaches you ; don't risk 
 any sally from your post that might expose your position 
 to assault or surprise. 
 
 20—2 
 
308 
 
 Sh' J. Outram to Captain Bruce. 
 
 Lucknoiv Residency, 26fh Sept. 185/. 
 
 I hope you received my letter of day before yester- 
 day,* telling you of our victory on the previous day at 
 Alum Bagh over hosts of the enemy, and seizure of 
 guns as usual. 
 
 Telegraph to the Governor-General from me as fol- 
 lows : — 
 
 " Yesterday General Havelock's force, numbering 
 about 2,000 men of all arms, the remainder being left 
 in charge of the sick, wounded, and baggage, occupying 
 the Alum Bagh, forced their way into the city under 
 serious opposition. After crossing the Char Bagh 
 bridge, the troops skirted the city to the right, thus 
 avoiding the enemy's defensive works prepared through 
 the entire length of the main street leading directly 
 to the Eesidency. Still much opposition had to be 
 encountered ere we attained the Eesidency in the even- 
 ing, just in time, apparently ; for now that we have 
 examined the outside of the defences, we find that two 
 mines had been run far under the garrison's chief works, 
 ready for loading, which, if sprung, must have placed 
 the garrison at their mercy. Our loss is severe ; not 
 yet correctly ascertained, but estimated at from four to 
 five hundred killed and wounded. 
 
 " Among the former. General Neill, Lieutenant 
 Weld, 40th ; Major Cooper, of Artillery ; Lieutenant 
 Webster, 78th Kegiraent ; Captain Pakenham, 84th ; 
 Lieutenant Bateman, 64th ; and Lieutenant Warren, 
 12th Irregular Cavalry. Among the latter. Colonel 
 Campbell, H.M.'s 90th Foot ; Lieutenant Havelock, 
 Deputy Assistant Adj utant- General ; Major Tytler, 
 Deputy Quartermaster-General, and many others. 
 
 * Miscarried — intercepteu bj the eiiemy. 
 
309 
 
 " To-day the troops arc occupied in takino- the bat- 
 teries bearing on the garrison, which have been held 
 till now, and continued occasionally to fire on the 
 Kesidency. Since our junction with the garrison last 
 night, many thousands of the enemy have deserted the 
 city, and the late king's son and his court have fled to 
 Fyzabad." 
 
 P.S. — Pray inform Lady Outram that I am all right. 
 Lest any report should reach her that I am wounded, 
 tell her that it is really tlie merest trifle — only a flesh 
 wound in the right arm, which, though got early in the 
 day, never incapacitated me for a moment. During 
 the remainder of the day I remained on horseback, and 
 scarcely feel it to-day. Don't mention anything about 
 my wound in the telegraph to the Governor- General. 
 John Anderson, the Fayrers, Gubbins, and Ogilvies, 
 Banks's and Ommaney's widows, Mrs. Hayes, and the 
 Connors and their families, in whom she is so inter- 
 ested, are all well. I send lists of the survivors in the 
 garrison, which should be telegraphed first, and after- 
 wards the other list of the dead should be given. 
 
 8ir J. Outram to Major Mclntyre, Commanding at 
 Alum Bdgh. 
 
 Lucknow Residency, 28th September, 1857. 
 I have been unable to get any despatches forwarded 
 to you since we reached the garrison on the evening of 
 the 25th, owing to the bands of rebels swarming in our 
 rear. As our men have had much to do on this side 
 of the city, I am unable yet to detach troops to reopen 
 our communications, and it may still be two or three 
 days before I can do so. In the mean time, should you 
 be assailed, you will be able to hold your own. The 
 only damage they can do you is by firing long shots into 
 
310 
 
 the garden, but I trust the four guns left with you will 
 soon silence such fire. If elephants, camels, &c., should 
 he killed in the garden, have them dragged out by the 
 draught bullocks to such distance as will prevent your 
 air being tainted. 
 
 We have lost a good many men, but hold some of the 
 palaces near the Kesidency, where we have good shelter. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief to Sir James Outram. 
 
 (Extracts.) Calcutta, 28th September, 1857. 
 
 Pray accept my liearty congratulations on the brilliant manner in 
 wliich you opened your campaign in Oude, and the success which 
 attended yoiu- operations up to the 22nd. This is the date of the last 
 intelligence Ave have of your movements. The Governor-General is 
 much pleased, and joy was in every countenance when the news was 
 made known to the public of your having reached within fourteen miles 
 of LuclcnoAV. I have received your many very full and interesting 
 communications, which I immediately on receipt made knoAvn to the 
 Governor-General. 
 
 My occupation here since my arrival has been one of attention to 
 details, Avhich have been thrown upon me in consequence of the absence 
 of the staff. I hope, however, to have been of some use in pressing 
 forward reinforcements, most of which have been made known to you 
 by telegraph. A company of Engineers (Koyal) left this on the 26tli 
 by bullock train, and the first company of the 93rd Highlanders lefl 
 this morning. Two companies of Artillery under Colonel Crawford 
 left this on the 25th instant, by steam vessel, for Benares, to take over 
 the gims of the two batteries at Eaj Ghfit. Horses for these batteries 
 are on their way to Benares with Colonel Fisher's column, and fifty- 
 seven gunners and drivers from the Cape of Good Hope leave to-morrow 
 by steamer to join Captain Maude's field battery, now with Havelock. 
 
 I last night had some conversation vnih. the Governor-General about 
 your position in Oude, and I certainly am of opinion, and I believe his 
 Lordship agrees with me, that the force now with you is not more than 
 sufiicient for your occupation of Lucknow with due regard to its 
 security, and the freedom of action of the force in the neighboui-hood, 
 and to the maintenance of its communications with Cawnpore. The 
 chain of posts of Allahabad, Futtehpore, and Cawnpore, should be 
 strongly maintained. I have been using every effort to push forward 
 troops for the purpose of reinforcing these several posts, and I have 
 been vexed and disappointed to see them diverted to other duties 
 than the one for which I intended them. 
 
 I may mention to you in confidence that I intend myself to get to 
 Cawnpore as soon as I can, and put myself in the centre of the troops. 
 No advance Avill take place there without me, even if it be made with 
 only a single regiment. With the communication open to Delhi, Agra, 
 
311 
 
 and the Punjab, it is absolutely necessary for me to get into the right 
 place for directing the movements of the army, and restore something 
 like connection to them. I have three officers coming here imme- 
 diately, Lugard, Generals Wyndham and Dupuis. Any one of these 
 would do to put in command at the Presidency, for the purpose of pushing 
 
 the troops up as they arrive My work here, therefore, 
 
 which has been tiresome enough, is done. 
 
 I want a really sound, experienced officer to be placed at Benares, 
 or Dinapore, who would be under your command, and who, main- 
 taining an active correspondence with you and Government, would 
 imdertake that which I have been superintending myself during the 
 past month, viz., the guard of the trunk road, and the districts on 
 either side of the Ganges. This duty requires the greatest discretion 
 and firmness, experience of the country, of the civil authorities, and of 
 the mode of doing business of the last named. An officer fresh from 
 England might get into trouble and impede the action of Government. 
 I have therefore thought of Havelock, Avith the rank of Major-General, 
 so soon as it can be got for him, if his Poyal Highness approves of my 
 suggestions in his favour, which I have already made. Neill, under 
 you, at Lucknow, with another brigadier, will I hope be a sufficient 
 staff for you, at all events for the present. 
 
 The Saugor and Nerbudda territories are in an imsatisfactory state, 
 and we shall have to think of them also, I fear, as it will be impossible 
 to hope for aid in that direction, either from Bombay or Madras, till 
 the jungle fever season is past. This will not be, Ave are informed, 
 for some months to come. 
 
 I took the liberty of attracting attention in orders to the manner in 
 which you supported Havelock by pressing forAvards the reinforce- 
 ments, as it had been brought to my notice that the newspapers of 
 Bombay had attacked you on this score, and I thought it best at once to 
 demolish their false statements in justice to you. 
 
 (N.B. — This letter did not reach Sir J. Outram until after the 
 LucknoAV garrison was relieved by Sir Colin Campbell on the 17th 
 November.) 
 
 The Chief of the Staff\ Calcutta^ to Sir J. Outram. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 28th September, 1857. 
 
 Your despatch of the 17th September, addi-essed to the Deputy 
 Adjutant- General, has been received. I am to inform you, by his 
 Excellency's desire, that Captain Peel is still in the river betAveen 
 Dinapore and Benares, and that his ai'rival at Allahabad can only be 
 looked for as a distant contingency. This, of course, falsifies your cal- 
 culation Avith regard to the strength of the garrison of that place, and 
 renders the retention of Captain Moir's company of artillery necessary 
 for its security. 
 
 Tavo complete companies of Royal Artillery have left by steamer 
 for Benares, Avhere they Avill find guns, equipment, and horses. As 
 soon as they are organized in batteries, they Avill close on Allahabad. 
 
 The first party of the 93rd Foot left Chinsurah, by bullock train, 
 
312 
 
 this morning, cu route to the same pLice. The stream of men -will now 
 be continuous till at least two battalions have been despatched. They 
 will be equipped for field service at Allahabad. 
 
 Another company of artillery arrived Irom the Cape, a few days ago, 
 with drivers, but without guns. This company will be despatched from 
 Eanecgunge, by bullock train, after a few companies of the 93rd have 
 been forwarded, and will take up gims at Allahabad. 
 
 A detachment of fifty-five men leaves by steam this day, to join 
 Captain Maude's battery, which is under the command of Brigadier- 
 General Hav clock. 
 
 The Adjutant-General will address you at greater length upon this 
 subject, in answer to your despatch of the 17th. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Lucknoii\ 2nd October, 1857. 
 
 The insurgents are too strong to admit of withdraw- 
 ing from this garrison. The sick, wounded, women 
 and children, amount to upwards of 1,000. The force 
 will retire, therefore, after making arrangements for the 
 safety of the garrison, hy strengthening it with all but 
 four of our guns, and leaving QOth Eegiment ; then 
 destroying all the enemy's works ; exploding all the 
 six mines which have been found since our access to 
 the interior, and so disturbing the ground in front of 
 each work as to render future mining a difficulty, and 
 demolishing the houses in the neighbourhood which 
 command the entrenchments. The remainder of our 
 force, reduced by casualties, will make its way back 
 to Cawnpore, and will leave two or three days hence. 
 Two additional brigades, with powerful field artillery, 
 would be required to withdraw the garrison, or reduce 
 the city. I hope these brigades may be speedily assem- 
 bled at Cawnpore. 
 
 TJie Officer Commanding at Allahabad to the Chief of 
 the Staff, Calcutta. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Allahabad, 3rd October, 1857, 11.30 a.m. 
 
 When I telegraphed to you, Major Barnston, thirteen officers, and 
 296 men, w.erc at Futtehpore; ninety-five men more proceed to join, 
 
313 
 
 and ought to reacla Futtehpore on tlie Gtli. I have since heard that 
 Major Barnston and 150 men have been withdrawn by the officer 
 commanding at Cawnpore, Avho states he has to send a company to 
 Lucknow. On this, I cautioned the officer commanding at Cawnpore 
 not to meddle with the Futtehpore post, except under Commander-in- 
 Chief's or General Outram's orders. I don't know on what authority 
 he Avithdrew the men from Futtehpore. One railway engine runs for 
 forty miles on the Cawnpore road. Things are not sufficiently advanced 
 to send two guns and their escort and battery, &c. Oude rebels con- 
 centrating at Futpore, twenty miles north-east oiF, this day, are said 
 to haA^e several guns (not good ones), and a very large nuanlDer of men. 
 I repeat my request, that I may be permitted to take the 64th Com- 
 pany, in preference to odds and ends of regiments in advance. I should 
 like to have 300 Europeans, but if they can't be spared for general 
 piu-poses, it can't be helped. Please answer quickly. 
 
 The Chief of the Staffs Calcutta, to the Officer Com- 
 manding at Cawnpore, 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, onl October^ 1857, 11.30 p.m. 
 
 I have just received a report that Major Barnston, Avith 140 men of 
 the 90th Foot, has been ordered up to Cawnpore from Futtehpore, 
 thereby seriously Aveakening the latter post beyond Sir James Outram's 
 original intention. You are to let me knoAV by telegraph, for the 
 information of his Excellency, by A\'hose authority the movement has 
 been made. 
 
 The Chief of the Staff to Lieutenant- Colonel O'Brien, 
 
 Allahabad. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta^ 1st October, 1857. 
 
 Captain Peel Avill join the garrison of Allahabad, Avith his first party, 
 in two or three days, by the river. His Excellency desires you to 
 recollect that that officer is under the orders of the Governor-General 
 only. 
 
 Although the strength of the garrison at Allahabad Avill be increased, 
 his Excellency desires that you are to entertain no thought of making 
 detachments Avithout express orders from him or Sir James Outram. 
 
 Equip and provide Avith bullocks and ammunition as many 9-pounder 
 guns as Captain Moir can sufficiently man — say three or four — and 
 send them under him, Avlien organized, to Futtehpore, after the arriA'al 
 of the Naval Brigade. Retain, as escort for Captain Moir's battery, the 
 company of the G4th Foot just reaching you from Benares, and send 
 them on together. 
 
 Inform Major Barnston and Sir James Outram of this arrangement. 
 In the absence of Sir James Outram, let Major Barnston apply to me 
 for orders by telegraph before undertaking anything beyond the mere 
 defence of his post. 
 
314 
 
 Captain Bruce to Colonel Lord Dunkellin. 
 
 Cawnpore, 5th October, 1857. 
 
 I lose no time in enclosing for the Governor-General's perusal a letter 
 I have this moment received from Sir James Outram. 
 
 I have already, as directed, telegraphed to his Lordship, and also to his 
 Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, the respective messages ; and my 
 letter to you of yesterday's date v.-ill have informed his Lordship the 
 Governor- General of the departure early that morning of two guns and 
 about 270 Europeans, of all ranks, under the command of Major Bing- 
 ham, her Majesty's 64th Foot, convoying the required Commissariat 
 stores. I have done all that General Outram has directed. Colonel 
 Wilson has perused the enclosure, and has sent requisitions to Benares 
 and Allahabad for troops; he has ordered also that 150 men, of all 
 ranks, be detained by the officer commanding at Futtehpore, and the 
 remainder (about 100 men) pushed up here immediately, all in excess 
 of the 150 being moved forward, without delay, as they arrive. 
 
 We have now about 250 Europeans, of all ranks, fit for duty here, 
 and the 100 men ordered from Futtehpore may be looked for the day 
 after to-morrow. 
 
 I imderstand there are also two detachments on the way vip between 
 this and Allahabad ; these will, of course, come on here. 
 
 The countr}^ upon the Oude side as far as Busseerutgunge is quite 
 free from mutineers, and these districts are imdisturbed, except by a 
 few petty refractory zemindars and occasional marauding parties. 
 
 P.S. — I hope I need hardly add how rejoiced I should have been 
 had Sir James Outram's letter reached in time for me to have proceeded 
 in so honourable a command. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Captain Bruce. 
 
 Lucknow, 2nd October, 1857. 
 
 Oblige me by conveying the following message to 
 Brigadier Wilson : — 
 
 " I request you to prepare a detachment of not less 
 than 300 Europeans and two guns, to advance to the 
 relief of the retiring column ; send rockets with the 
 detachment to give us notice of its position when we are 
 supposed to be in the vicinity. An experienced officer 
 to command ; I wish you could be spared for this com- 
 mand ; if so, and you wish it, tell the Brigadier I wish 
 it should be so arranged. 
 
 "Draw from Futtehpore, Allahabad, and Benares, 
 
315 
 
 all men that can be spared to be sent to Cawnporc with 
 all practicable despatch. 
 
 "Request the authorities at Agra to make known 
 to the General at Delhi the urgent necessity there is 
 for reinforcements being pushed on to Cawnpore as 
 speedily as possible, without which the Lucknow 
 garrison cannot be withdrawn. 
 
 " Delhi having fallen, it is to be hoped, at least, one 
 strong brigade may be spared from there, and another 
 may be completed by the troops from the eastward. 
 
 " Telegraph to the Commander-in-Chief that the in- 
 surgents are too strong to admit of withdrawing, besides 
 this garrison, the sick, wounded, women, and children, 
 amounting to upwards of 1,000. 
 
 " The force will retire, therefore, after making every 
 disposition for the safety of the garrison by strengthen- 
 ing it with all but four of our guns, and leaving the 
 90th Regiment there, destroying all the enemy's works, 
 exploding all the six mines which have been found since 
 our access to the exterior, and to disturbing the ground 
 in front of each work so as to render future mining very 
 difficult, and demolishing the houses in the neighbour- 
 hood which commanded the entrenchment. 
 
 " The remainder of our force, reduced by casualties, 
 will make its way back to Cawnpore, leaving two or 
 three days hence. 
 
 " Two additional brigades, with powerful field artillery, 
 will be required to withdraw the garrison or reduce the 
 city. 
 
 "I hope the brigades will be speedily assembled at 
 Cawnpore by troops from Delhi and the eastward. In 
 the mean time this reduced force will be strengthened 
 by its detachments still in the rear, and may, when 
 completed, form a strong brigade. Telegraph to the 
 Governor- General : ' My hopes of a reaction in the city 
 
316 
 
 are disappointed ; the insurgent sepoys have inspired 
 such terror among all classes, and maintain so strict a 
 watch beyond our picquets, that we have not been able 
 to communicate with one single inhabitant of Lucknow 
 since our arrival. Nothing but a strong demonstration 
 of our power will be of any avail." 
 
 The Chief of the Staff to the Officer Commanding at 
 
 Cawnpore. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, itJi October, 1857. 
 
 Send in a statement to me of your strength by telegraph daily, with 
 remarlss on the communication between you and Lucknow, and the 
 country generally. In the absence of directions from General Outrara, 
 ajiply for his Excellency's orders, through me, by telegraph, on every 
 subject requiring instant direction. If Sir James Outram has not given 
 orders personally affecting Major Barnston, of her Majesty's lOtli 
 Eegiment, his Excellency desires that that officer may be sent back to 
 Futtehpore, without his company, to take permanent command of that 
 post. I see in your statement of the 28th September, that you have no 
 cattle at all. Is this correct? 
 
 Captain Peel, R.JV., to the Chief of the Staff', Calcutta. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Allahabad, Gth October, 1857, 8 a.m. 
 
 An express from General Outram received : all troops that can be 
 spared from the garrison to be sent immediately to Cawnpore. Colonel 
 O'Brien will do so ; his own expedition is stopped. 
 
 The Officer Commanding at Cawnpore to the Chief 
 of the Staff, Calcutta. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Cau'njjore, Qth October, 11 a.m. 
 
 In answer to your message of the 3rd instant. Major Barnston had 
 my orders only to send up 150 men, with due proportion of officeis. 
 Finding on its arrival here he had himself come up, I immediately 
 ordered him back to resume his command ; he left this accordingly the 
 same night. General Outram left instructions to bring wp troops from 
 Futtehpore in the event of their being required ; and as I had to send 
 forward a large detachment of 252 infantry, two 9-pounders, with one 
 sergeant, one naik, six gunners (European), and six trained Sikhs, I 
 • found it necessary to bring up the detachment (90th) to Cawnpore. 
 
317 
 
 Captain Bruce to the Governor-General of India in 
 
 Council. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Cawnpore^ 7th October, 1857, 11 p.m. 
 
 General Outram, dated 6tli instant, orders me to inform your Lord- 
 ship that there are alterations in the position of his force since the 
 message of the 2nd instant, and he urgently requires more troops to 
 enable him to move the position of his force. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Captain Sibley, Alum Bdgh. 
 
 Lucknow Residency, 6th October. 
 
 I received your note of yesterday last night. I 
 did not carry out my intention of moving out to you 
 last night, and you must not now expect us ; for all our 
 force is required to aid this garrison. You must pre- 
 pare, therefore, to hold your own, by strengthening your 
 position and husbanding your garrison. Lest the rein- 
 forcement called for from Cawnpore may be unable to 
 force its way, should it meet with opposition, as you are 
 said to have caught some villagers in your last foray, I 
 hope you may be able, through them, to open commu- 
 nication with the people and induce them to bring in 
 supplies, for which no cost should be spared. I autho- 
 rize Mclntyre and yourself to expend any amount of the 
 public cash ivith you on this account. Don't grudge 
 any cost to induce the villagers to bring in supplies — 
 not if 500 per cent, is charged. When once a com- 
 mencement is eifected, others also will be tempted to 
 supply you. 
 
 Be careful in not attempting forays beyond reach of 
 your guns. It is most dangerous to weaken your posi- 
 tion for ever so short a time ; and you might fall into an 
 ambuscade. 
 
 Occupy the mosque in front of your gate by a small 
 picket of Kifles, night and day; for if seized by the 
 enemy they might harass vou much thence. Burn all 
 
318 
 
 huts and cover within gunshot of your post. If you can 
 spare time and followers to work, erect an earthen ban- 
 quette inside your wall — at least at the most exposed 
 spots, if not all round — and some flanking defences round 
 your towers, or in front of your curtains. 
 
 JSir J. Outram to Captain Bruce, Cawnpore. 
 
 Lucknow Residency^ 6th October, 1857. 
 
 I send duplicate of my letter of the 2nd instant. I 
 have been obliged to abandon the intention of with- 
 drawing any portion of this force for the present. The 
 obstacles to communicating hetwee^i the Residency and 
 Alum Bdgh being too formidable to be overcome with 
 less than our whole force ; even were it in a condition to 
 be withdrawn. 
 
 I must rely, therefore, on support from Cawnpore for 
 the Alum Bagh detachment, and I hope the reinforce- 
 ment which I formerly requested might be sent there, 
 of not less than 300 Europeans and two guns, has been 
 despatched to their aid, with such supply of provisions 
 (chiefly atta and rice) as they can without difficulty 
 escort on camels. 
 
 I believe the entire strength of the enemy is here, 
 and that they have little force beyond the Char Bagh ; 
 but it is possible they may have cavalry on the look out 
 to obstruct communication with Cawnpore, or perhaps 
 zemindaree matchlock men, at Bunnee or Busseerut- 
 gunge. It may be advisable, therefore, to take the old 
 road should there be any reason to apprehend obstruc- 
 tion on the new road, according to the information the 
 commanding officer may receive, who I hope may be 
 yourself if you can be spared from Cawnpore, for it 
 is essential that the commander should be a good 
 officer. 
 
319 
 
 If the detachment has not yet gone, it should be 
 made as much stronger as can possibly be afforded from 
 Cawnpore, in proportion to the additional troops ex- 
 pected from Futtehpore and Allahabad, leaving the 
 garrison at its original strength, unless you should have 
 ground for apprehending any attack on Cawnpore. 
 Convey from me this official message to Brigadier 
 Wilson : — 
 
 " If not already despatched, I request you will in- 
 crease the detachment ordered to Alum Bagh to what- 
 ever additional strength the reinforcements expected 
 from Futtehpore and Allahabad could afford above the 
 required garrison of your fort." 
 
 Alum Bagh, thus reinforced, should be gradually 
 strengthened by additional troops as they can be 
 afforded, and supplied from Cawnpore. Telegraph to 
 the Commander-in-Chief from me the substance of the 
 above, and that " it will be impossible to withdraw this 
 garrison without the support of a force of two strong 
 brigades, which should be advanced as early as possible 
 to Alum Bagh, whence they would concert operations 
 with us." Also to the Governor- General, that " there 
 is no alteration in our position since my message of 2nd 
 October." 
 
 Alum Bagh is not on the road map, but it is situated 
 about a mile from Char Bagh Bridge, close to " Fakeer 
 Shahgeekee Tanda," and I suppose there would be no 
 difficulty in diverging from the old road so as to get 
 into the new, anywhere between Bunnee and Alum 
 Bagh. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Major Mclntyre^ Almn Bagh. 
 Luclcnow Residency f 7th October, 1857. 
 I enclose duplicate of letter I sent Sibley yesterday. 
 You must not rely on reinforcements reaching you for 
 
320 
 
 some time, as they may consider the detachment I called 
 for too weak, perhaps, and wait till they can send 
 stronger. So husband your supplies as much as possible 
 — Europeans three-fourths and natives half rations. 
 
 Bhowanee Deen, the bearer, a pensioned zemindar, 
 will do his best to procure you supplies, but arrange 
 icith him to introduce what he gets in such way as to 
 make it appear that you looted his carts on passing 
 near your post. Otherwise you would get no second 
 supply. He might be instructed to bring his carts into 
 the vicinity of the Alum Bagh, when you would creep out 
 and rush upon him with a cheer, and pretend to plunder, 
 taking him and the banians with him (to whom the 
 grain belongs) prisoners, and, when out of observation, 
 paying them most liberally, in hard cash, from the 
 public treasury, five rupees for every rupee's worth of 
 supplies, and, sending them off again with the carts 
 ajier dark, with instructions to repeat the experiment. 
 It is obviously necessary to manage it so that our friends 
 must appear victims. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Captain Bruce, Caicnpore. 
 
 Lucknow Residency, "Jth October, 1857. 
 I send duplicate of a letter I despatched to 
 you yesterday, enclosing copy of a previous one of 
 2nd instant. Our whole force is now besieged by the 
 enemy, who have increased in number and audacity, 
 which leads me to think the Delhi mutineers must 
 now be here. Our position is more untenable than that 
 of the previous garrison, because we are obliged to 
 occupy the neighbouring palaces outside the entrench- 
 ment to accommodate the Europeans, which positions 
 the enemy are able to mine from cover of neighbouring 
 b lildings. Still no communication with the town, and 
 little prospect of procuring provisions ; the neighbour- 
 
321 
 
 ing' streets, into which we have made sorties at much 
 cost of life, containing nothing. We have grain, and 
 gun bullocks, and horses, on which we may subsist 
 a month I hope,* but nothing else. No hospital stores, 
 and but little medicine. Make this known to the 
 Governor- General and Commander-in-Chief. I trust 
 to support from Cawnpore for the safety of the Alum 
 Bagh detachment. It could not be withdrawn to Cawn- 
 pore with all its sick, wounded, 200 elephants, camels, 
 and waggons, without being greatly reinforced ; and 
 such reinforcement would enable it to hold on where 
 it is, in its fortified post, greatly to our advantage. The 
 moral effect of maintaining troops there, and gradually 
 reinforcing that post, must tell in our favour ere long ; 
 and, sooner or later, I hope to transfer there some 
 of the troops now here, thus avoiding the necessity of 
 retaining the exposed accommodation which is now 
 required to contain them all. 
 
 But supplies must be sent with every strong escort 
 you can prepare. So far as we can learn, the enemy 
 have no troops beyond the Char Bagh ; but it may 
 be prudent, perhaps, to take the old road, to avoid 
 Busseerutgunge and Bunnee, lest opposition might 
 be met there from zemindaree followers, until troops 
 can be furnished to occupy both those places with 
 a wing of infantry and two guns each, which would 
 secure the whole road for the safe convoy of pro- 
 visions hereafter for the Alum Bagh post. I hope 
 the first detachment may find the road sufficiently 
 clear to admit of sending back, from Alum Bagh to 
 Cawnpore, the elephants and camels, under escort of 
 100 riflemen mounted on their backs. This should 
 be done 07i the night of the day the reinforcement 
 
 * Such was the representation of our commissaries at this time: — we after- 
 wards found that they had much underrated their store of grain. 
 
 21 
 
322 
 
 reaches Alum Bdgli ; tlio escort back being taken 
 from the Europeans now there, who (the animals being 
 fresh) should make their way to Cawnpore (forty-five 
 miles) almost without a halt. 
 
 I omitted to mention, that in capturing the palaces 
 on the 26th, we secured the children of the ex-king's 
 brother, styled the General^ who is in England (z. e. 
 an only son, an adopted son, and a daughter), who 
 are prisoners. I regret to say our loss in killed, 
 wounded, and missing, since we crossed the Ganges 
 has been very heavy — 246 killed, and 700 wounded 
 and missing. Among the former sixteen officers. 
 
 TJie Chief of the Staff to the Officer Commanding at 
 
 Cawnpore. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, Qth October, 1857. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief finds it necessary that Major Barnston 
 should get to his regiment. He will, therefore, proceed to Lncknow, 
 instead of, as directed yesterday, to Futtehpore. Two lakhs and a half 
 of ammnnition, and about 250 Europeans, have been ordered to Cawn- 
 pore from Allahabad, Communicate this to General Outram. 
 
 The Chief of the Staff' to Major Barnston^ Futtehpore. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 1th October, 1857. 
 
 His Excellency having been under the impression that the party of 
 her Majesty's 10th Eegiment, lately under your command, was going 
 on to Lucknow immediately, changed his mind respecting you, and 
 directed that you shoiild accompany it ; but as it now appears that 
 such was not the case, other troops having gone forward, you are to 
 remain at Futtehpore, and command the latter post. If the detach- 
 ment of her Majesty's 90th Eegiment, now at Cawnpore, leaves for 
 Oude, you must get to it. His Excellency has ordered two guns, 
 equipped Avith bullocks, to be sent from Allahabad to Futtehpore. 
 Communicate the last order respecting youi-self to Colonel Wilson by 
 telegraph. Inform me by telegraph what precautions have been taken 
 for strengthening the post at Futtehpore, and whether, in your 
 opinion, two 9-poundgr guns are enough for it; also, what provisions 
 are laid in. 
 
 Procure grain, sheep, and beef for 500 men for two months. Lose 
 no time. 
 
323 
 
 Colonel Wilson to the Chief of the Staff. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Caivnpore, Sth October, 1857, 4 p.m. 
 
 A messenger, witli a letter from General Outram written in Greek 
 character, arrived late last night ; it was directed to Captain Bruce, 
 superintendent of police, and contains the below written order to 
 me : — 
 
 "Sir, " Luclcnow, Gth Octoher. 
 
 " If not already despatched, I request you "will increase the 
 detachment ordered to Alum Biigh, to whatever additional strength the 
 reinforcements expected from Futtehpore and AUaliabad could provide 
 above the original strength of your post." 
 
 Another part of Sir James Outram's letter states the impossibility of 
 withdrawing his force without the support of two strong brigades ; 
 likewise that his communication with his rear at Alum Bagh, four miles 
 distant, is not preserved. Again, that the Alum Bagh detachment 
 should be gradually reinforced from Cawnpore as troops come in ; that 
 the whole strength of the enemy is in his vicinity and Eesidency, but 
 that it is probable that cavalry may be detached to his rear, to occupy 
 Bmmee and Busseerutgunge, &c. It were needless for me to dilate on 
 the perilous position General Outram's force is in. The Chief of the 
 Staff will observe that his communication with his depot at Alum Bagh, 
 only four miles distant, is closed ; between this and Alum Bagh com- 
 munication is precarious and uncertain ; the roads and adjacent path- 
 ways are zealously guarded. A cossid may perchance carry a letter 
 through fi"om here safely, but to my knowledge none have. 
 
 I would request his Excellency's commands regarding the way rein- 
 forcements are to be forwarded when they do arrive. I am strongly 
 against hazarding and jeoparding small detachments of 400 or 500 
 men ; such driblets, under existing circumstances, woidd run the 
 chance of being destroyed in detail, and, even if they effect a junction, 
 would be of no use for the General's main object. I Avould not myself 
 forward a reinforcement of less than 1,500 Em-opean bayonets, and six 
 guns, and then only if a second reinforcement of similar strength could 
 follow them in ten days. I most sincerely trust none of the mutinous 
 brigades, let loose by the fall of Delhi, Avill retire through Eohilcund, 
 via Anoopshuluir or Eamghal, and join the Lucknow rebels. The 
 Gwalior rebels threatened us Avith a visit, but I do not anticipate any 
 likelihood of their doing so. It appears to me qnite evident that in 
 Oude the aspect of affairs has extended far beyond that of miitiny Avith 
 sepoys, as revolt has plainly spread through the Avhole province. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Major Mclntyre. 
 Alum Bdghy Lucknow Residency^ Sth October. 
 I have received your note of yesterday, announcing 
 the arrival of the convoy under Major Brigham. It 
 21—2 
 
324 
 
 is now most necessary to send back the elephants and 
 camels, which, if the road is clear, might, unladen, 
 make their way to Cawnpore in one forced march, 
 if started off after dark under guidance of an intelli- 
 gent officer who knows the fords of the Bunnee River. 
 They should keep a sharp look out in passing Bunnee 
 and Busseerutgunge, making a detour should there be 
 any appearance of opposition ; which, however, could 
 hardly be prepared if they moved rapidly on, and strict 
 precautions are taken to prevent traitors in your post 
 sending notice of your intention, by preventing a soul 
 getting outside your walls from the moment your pre- 
 parations begin. But they must be well guarded, for 
 the capture of our elephants would be an irreparable 
 loss to us. One hundred riflemen at least should escort 
 them, half of whom might be mounted on the elephants 
 — the animals to be kept well together — as many 
 Europeans as can be spared, who understand the native 
 language (such as conductors, &c.), to be sent with 
 the party, to prevent misunderstanding between the 
 soldiers and the Mahouts (elephant drivers), and to 
 guard against the latter taking their animals off the 
 road on any pretext, lest they should walk off with 
 them to the enemy. 
 
 I hope the old pensioner who took my yesterday's 
 note to you, may concert with ycfu a plan whereby to 
 supply what is required for your natives. 
 
 In the meantime, if you cannot seize cattle in the 
 field without exposing your men to risk of being cut 
 off by cavalry, kill your cart bullocks (and sheep if 
 you have them) for their subsistence, and supply some- 
 thing from your European stores to those natives whose 
 caste will not allow them to eat meat. 
 
 P.S. — What news from Delhi and Gwalior? In 
 telling you to send an escort with the elephants, I take 
 
325 
 
 it for granted that, with the reinforcements which 
 reached you on the 6th, you are now upwards of 500 
 strono^. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Major Mclntyre. ^ 
 
 Alum Bdgh, Lucknow, Sth October^ 1857. 
 I was horrified to learn by your note of the 29th that 
 your followers are out of supplies, for I had understood 
 that the whole force had been provided for fifteen days. 
 Of course you have killed some of your bullocks for the 
 Mahomedan and low-caste followers. And I give you 
 full authority to slaughter as many cattle as are required 
 for that purpose, and for the Europeans, and I trust 
 you have given a portion of your European supplies, 
 such as flour, &c., to the Hindoos who cannot eat meat 
 (sufficient to give them half rations). For of European 
 supplies you have half of what was intended for 3,000 
 men, eight days only having been supplied to our force. 
 Thus, as you have only about 400 Europeans, the 
 remaining half should last them sixty days on full 
 rations (minus what you give the followers). But of 
 course, seeing such necessity for economy, you will have 
 issued half or three-quarter rations ; for the part of 
 this force which will return to escort you to Cawnpore 
 must also be provided. As most of the carts will have 
 to be abandoned, you need have no scruple about killing 
 as many bullocks as necessary. Your elephants, &c., 
 can be foraged from the paddy fields under the walls 
 and trees within range of your guns. If threatened by 
 the enemy, a rifleman or two on the back of each 
 elephant sent for forage, ought to suffice to protect 
 them. But they should not go beyond range of your 
 guns, and your men should guard against treachery on 
 the part of the Mahouts, who might take the animals 
 into the enemy's hands under pretence of their running 
 
326 
 
 away. I cannot yet say positively when you may expect 
 the returning troops, but hope it will not be long. Be 
 vigilant : the enemy are round you, and may try to get 
 into your enclosure, unless a sharp look out is kept 
 from your towers and the roof of the house. Should 
 elephants or camels die in the enclosure, the carcase 
 should be yoked to bullocks and taken out sufficiently 
 far to prevent them tainting the air. Send answer by 
 bearer. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Major Mclntyre. 
 
 Alum Bdgh, Lucknow Residenci/, 
 9fh October, 1857- 
 On questioning the cossid who brought your note of 
 the 7th, he tells me the detachment which brought the 
 supplies from Cawnpore was sent back with the empty 
 carts. Surely this is not the case, for you cannot have 
 relinquished a reinforcement so necessary to your safety, 
 at least without referring to me. Nor would you have 
 sent them back without availing yourself of the oppor- 
 tunity for returning the elephants and camels, which 
 are so necessary for our future supplies (as for the carts, 
 you will of course make firewood of them, and feed your 
 people, &c., with the bullocks). I trust, therefore, the 
 cossid's report is not true, and that you will have 
 carried out my instructions sent yesterday, in the under- 
 standing that you had retained the reinforcement. I 
 trust the old pensioner I sent to you on the 6th to 
 secure supplies from the villagers has joined you. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Captain Bruce, Cawnpore. 
 
 Lucknow Residency, ^th October, 1857. 
 Lest my letter of the 7th miscarried, I now send 
 duplicate. I therein contemplated sooner or later 
 
327 
 
 forcing our way back to Alum Bagh with the surplus 
 troops not required to garrison these entrenchments — 
 a measure imperative if practicable, as there appears 
 now no hope of obtaining further supplies, and for our 
 whole force now here our grain alone and gun bullocks 
 may possibly be eked out for a month ; and but little 
 else for twenty days. No expenditure of cash is of 
 anv avail, for we have no means of communicating with 
 any of the townspeople. 
 
 Unless we can move off a portion of the force to 
 Alum Bagh, therefore, such is the utmost length of 
 our tether ; but I grieve to say I am not now certain of 
 effecting even this. All the bridges between us and 
 Alum Bagh are destroyed, so that we could not take 
 guns, and without artillery we should suffer greatly in 
 forcing our way against the masses of the enemy pre- 
 pared and watching for us on every road, and increasing 
 every day ; Maun Sing being with the rebels, and 
 exerting his influence to raise the whole country against 
 us, besides rebel troops arrived from Delhi it is said. 
 But it is of the utmost importance that the Alum Bagh 
 post should be maintained, which we may yet force our 
 way to. And it is well able to maintain itself now that 
 it has been reinforced, I am happy to say, by 350 men 
 and two guns, under Major Brigham, and with good 
 store of European supplies. On hearing of this rein- 
 forcement, I sent orders to the commanding officer to 
 despatch the elephants and camels after dark, escorted 
 by 100 riflemen mounted on the animals, which, being 
 unladen and travelling rapidly all night, should reach 
 Cavvnpore without a halt. The carts of course could 
 not return at present. The followers must be supported, 
 until supplies for them come from Cawnpore, on slaugh- 
 tered cattle ; those sharing the European supply whose 
 caste cannot eat meat, unless — as they are in the open 
 
328 
 
 country, and there arc friendly zemindars in that neigh- 
 bourhood — they obtain something from the tillages. 
 The detachment at Alum Bagh, minus 100 sent back, 
 will now amount to 500 rank and file, besides about 
 100 convalescent sick and wounded capable of bearing 
 arms, who with their six guns (counting the two which 
 came with Major Brigham) may, until reinforced, 
 confidently defy the enemy, who are not likely, how- 
 ever, to assail a fortified position, exposed as they would 
 be to our guns. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Captain Sibley, 
 
 Alum Bcigh, Lucknow Besidency, 
 nth October, 1857. 
 
 I received yours of last night, and am glad to learn 
 that you are so strong. I shall be anxious till I learn 
 the safe arrival of the elephants at Cawnpore ; but if 
 due precautions were taken to prevent information 
 outside of your intention to start them off, I trust they 
 would have got beyond reach of pursuit before their 
 departure Avas known to the enemy. If they started 
 soon after dark, they would be past Oonao by morning, 
 and then comparatively safe. But I wish I had not 
 encumbered them with camels, which cannot go so fast 
 as elephants. 
 
 In reply to your questions, — 
 
 (1.) The Provost Marshal will inflict fifty lashes on 
 any man caught in the act of plundering our own stores. 
 If not caught in the act, but convicted, he will receive 
 fifty lashes under sentence of court-martial. 
 
 (2.) The troops should be warned that the com- 
 manding officer has received my orders to direct the 
 Provost Marshal to hang on the spot the next man 
 found thus offendino-, and that the order will be carried 
 
329 
 
 out without fail. The Jemadar and Mahout found 
 communicating with the enemy should be tried by 
 court-martial for rebellion, and, if found guilty, hanged. 
 
 Do not relax in strengthening your position, which 
 must be held until Greathed's column of the army from 
 Delhi (3,000 strong of all arms, with eighteen guns), 
 now on its w^ay to Cawnpore, joins you. In addition to 
 the ramp inside the w^all, loopholes and a redoubt out- 
 side each corner bastion, you should make a ditch 
 outside all round, commencing with the most exposed 
 places, of course. 
 
 A traverse also should be constructed, connectina: the 
 mosque with your square. 
 
 Give your working parties the same as we allow 
 here, paid daily from the public treasury. European 
 and native soldiers and camp followers, for ordinary 
 work in the trenches, one rupee for four hours' w^ork, 
 or more or less in proportion to the time of work. 
 Officers commanding working parties (not on staff pay) 
 will receive field engineers' allowances. Surround your 
 corner towers with a rampart of sandbags. 
 
 Sir J. Oiitram to Captain Bruce, Cawnpore. 
 
 Luck now Residency, Wth October, 1857. 
 
 In your note of the 5th you acknowledge mine of the 
 2nd, but make no mention of previous ones, so I fear 
 you have not received that of the 26th. I therefore 
 send list (in a quill) of the survivors of the garrison. 
 
 I also send duplicate of my last letter to you of the 
 9th. As the detachment reached Alum Bagh without 
 opposition, I am now glad you were not sent with it, 
 for your absence just now from Cawnpore would be 
 more injurious to our interests than your presence at 
 Alum Bagh could do any good. There they have 
 
330 
 
 merely to remain on the defensive, trusting to your 
 exertions at Cawnpore to supply them. I hope you 
 will be able to induce some of the Oude zemindars 
 with whom you have influence, to take supplies to Alum 
 Bagh, giving them an order on the treasure-chest there, 
 for payment in cash, at v/liatever rate you may fix for 
 the amount delivered. Of course no price should be 
 grudged — 500 per cent, would be cheap payment — until 
 other zemindars are induced to come forward. Promise 
 them cash payment on delwery, at that, or any rate you 
 may think proper. I trust the column from Delhi with 
 Greathed will be urged to come on to Cawnpore as 
 quickly as possible, and from thence be pushed on to 
 Alum Bagh, where its presence alone will suffice, most 
 probably,* to disperse the armed mob which now com- 
 mands the city, for they would not risk attack from 
 opposite quarters, and at any rate, when at Alum 
 Bagh, it could open communication and concert measures 
 with us, which it could not do from Cawnpore. Indeed 
 I am pretty confident that the arrival of a brigade at 
 Alum Bagh would at once break up the confederate 
 malcontents here, and enable the well affected to obtain 
 with our aid the control of the city, when all our 
 requisitions for supplies and carriage for removing sick, 
 wounded, and women and children, would be complied 
 with. But even if this result be not accomplished by 
 the mere arrival of the Delhi force at Alum Bagh, and 
 should it not of itself be sufficient with our aid to force 
 through the city, it would certainly be able to bring 
 
 * At this time we -were led to hope, by Maun Sing's cunning overtures, that 
 he was ahout to abandon the enemy's cause, in -whicli case his example would 
 have been followed by all the principal zemindars, who composed the chief 
 strength of the enemy, against the remainder of whom I hoped our well-wishers 
 in the city would have been able to make head, when encouraged to do so by 
 the approach of the relieving force. It afterwards proved, however, that Maun 
 Sing was deceiving us; and he strenuously opposed us to the last, and it was he 
 alone who prevented the breaking-up of the coalition hostile to us; consequently 
 the friendly-disposed dared not to move in our favour. 
 
331 
 
 supplies to the Dilkoosha, and thence, by a concerted 
 movement, enable us to meet and bring them here. 
 In the meantime the present force at Alum Bagh 
 (700 effective soldiers and 6 guns) can hold that 
 position certainly, if only supplies for its followers be 
 provided ; and on no account should it he now with- 
 drawn. Its presence is our greatest security, and the 
 moral effect of its withdrawal would possibly be our 
 destruction. Urge the speedy advance of the Delhi 
 column, therefore, in my name, and telegraph the sub- 
 stance of the above from me to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 I believe the elephants and camels were despatched 
 to you last night from Alum Bagh, under instructions 
 which I trust w^ould secure an unobserved departure 
 after dark, and, by rapidly pushing on all night, enable 
 them to reach you in the course of the day. But I am 
 anxious to hear of their safe arrival. I directed that 
 they should be escorted by at least 100 riflemen, half 
 mounted on the elephants. I am anxious about the 
 supply of food for the native followers there, as only 
 supplies for the Europeans were sent. These the higher 
 caste followers — who cannot eat meat — must share ; and 
 the others must be fed on slaughtered cart bullocks till 
 supplied. By the strictest scrutiny it is ascertained* 
 that at our present rate (three-quarters rations for 
 Europeans, and half for natives) our grain, allowing it 
 to be all good, will last only till the 6th of November ; 
 our meat not so long. Rice will be out in four days. 
 Unless, therefore, the Delhi troops come speedily to our 
 aid, we must starve. 
 
 Promulgate the news of the approach of the Delhi 
 force as publicly as possible. 
 
 Urge Greathed to push on with all possible despatch. 
 
 * So reported by tlie commissary. Afterwards more grain was ascertained, 
 and the estimate of meat was found to be underrated. It was subsequently 
 calculated that, on further reduced rations, we could carry on till the end of 
 November. 
 
332 
 
 The Chief of the Staff to Colonel Wilson, Cawnpore. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calaitta, 10th October, 1857. 
 
 Do not send any small detachment from Cawnpore to Lucknow. It 
 is not safe. 
 
 By the 23rd instant, the 93rd Foot will be at Allahabad ; by the 
 2nd of November, her Majesty's 23rd, and a wing of her Majesty's 
 53rd. Send my message, by cossid, to General Outram, to inform 
 him of this. Her Majesty's S2nd has arrived in the river. Captain 
 Christopher, of the Commissariat, has been ordered to Cawnpore from 
 Allahabad. Direct all your attention to commissariat, ordnance stores 
 of every sort, and the collection of carriage. 
 
 The Chief of the Staff' to Colonel Wilson. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, October, 1857. 
 
 With regard to the arrival of the convoy from Alum Bagh, what 
 intelligence did it bring, and is the road through Oude to that place to 
 be considered safe ? What does the commissariat officer of the party 
 report ? Answer by telegraph. 
 
 Colonel Wilson to the Chief of the Staff'. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Caicnpore, 12th October, 1857, 2 r.M. 
 
 Convoy of unladen elephants and camels, with escort, arrived last 
 night from Alum Bagh; detachments previously giving emergent in- 
 dents from officer commanding there, for hosj)ital clothes, medical 
 comforts and stores, as all the camp-followers, servants and baggage 
 were left at Alum Bagh; food for natives urgently demanded; 130 sick 
 and wounded men there, greatly in want of bedding and linen. Escort 
 were not molested by rebels, but the animals had to ford the river, 
 Bunnee bridge being destroyed. Officers of escort could furnish no 
 information of General Outram's force, but state that frequent firings 
 ■were heard from Lucknow day and night; a quill cossid arrived occa- 
 sionally. I have had no communication from General Outram since my 
 last report was sent. I have stated my opinion already about sending 
 small detachments. I do not see how these supplies can be sent ; it 
 is only putting more men in peril. The Nana is supposed to cross the 
 river to-day or to-morrow at Futtehpore Chowrasse. He has about 
 400 cavalry. Eeport states he goes to meet Gwalior Contingent march- 
 ing down. Please to send orders quickly about my sending supplies. 
 
 Captain Bruce to the Governor- General in Council. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Caivnpore, 12th October, 1857. 
 
 Letter of 9th from Alum Bagh reports incessant firing at Lucknow, 
 Avith occasional salvos of artillery. Cannot communicate with General 
 Outram yet. The road between Cawnpore and Alum Bagh is infested 
 by thieves near the latter place. 
 
333 
 
 Sir J. Oufram to General Havelock. 
 
 I2th October, 1857. 
 
 It is my pleasing duty to recommend to you, as de- 
 serving the high distinction of the Victoria Cross, two 
 officers, of whose heroic gallantry, on the 25th ultimo, I 
 was an admiring witness ; but who, having on that 
 occasion been under your command, can only through 
 yourself receive the reward they so justly merit. The 
 officers I refer to are Captain Maude,, of the Royal 
 Artillery, and Lieutenant Havelock, Assistant Adjutant- 
 General. The former of these, as you are aware, with 
 his bullock battery, supported by a small party of the 
 5th Fusiliers, formed the advance guard when the 
 troops moved on from the Alum Bagh. The enemy 
 had on that occasion flanked his road under cover of 
 long high grass, and a murderous fire was poured on 
 the column from a double-storied house full of mus- 
 keteers, and from loopholed walls of the large sur- 
 rounding gardens ; from two guns that raked the road 
 from the right flank, and from another that commanded 
 his front. But steadily and cheerily Captain Maude 
 pushed on with his brave men, and, in the face of this 
 desperate opposition, brought them through, though 
 not without the loss of nearly one-third of his artillery 
 force. This was no reckless or fool-hardy daring, but 
 the calm heroism of a true soldier, who fully appreciated 
 the importance, the difficulties, and the dangers of the 
 task he had undertaken. 
 
 But for his nerve and coolness on this trying occasion, 
 the army could not have advanced, and I shall be 
 glad to learn that you agree with me in considering 
 that he has fully and honourably earned a right to the 
 Cross which our gracious Sovereign has instituted as a 
 reward " For Valour." 
 
334 
 
 Not less deserving of this proud distinction, in my 
 opinion, is Lieutenant Havelock ; and I trust I may, 
 without giving offence, beg you, as my friend and com- 
 rade, as well as my official colleague, not to allow the 
 name of this gallant young officer to militate against his 
 just claims. Under the tremendous fire of guns and 
 musketry, which the enemy directed across the Char 
 Bagh bridge, Lieutenant Havelock, with the Madras 
 Fusiliers, stormed the bridge, took the guns, and cleared 
 the street sufficiently to allow of the troops in rear 
 closing up. I cannot conceive a more daring act than 
 this forcing of the bridge ; and the officers who led the 
 Fusiliers on that occasion, in my opinion, most richly 
 deserve promotion ; but, hazardous as was their posi- 
 tion, they — being on foot, and, therefore, not readily 
 distinguished from their men — risked little compara- 
 tively with Lieutenant Havelock, the only officer on 
 horseback, who cheered the men on, and became the 
 target of the enemy's musketry. I shall feel truly de- 
 lighted to learn that you accept my recommendation of 
 this brave officer ; and I shall deeply regret having 
 divested myself of the command during the advance on 
 Lucknow, if (from what I must regard as a morbidly 
 sensitive delicacy) you withhold from Lieutenant Have- 
 lock, because he is your relative, the reward to which, 
 as a soldier, he has so unmistakably established a just 
 claim. 
 
 General Havelock to Sir J. Outram. 
 
 Ludcnow, I5th October, 1857. 
 
 It will afford me the highest pleasure to attend to yoiir recommenda- 
 tion for the Victoria Cross in favour of Captain Maude, Eoyal Artillery, 
 and Lieutenant Havelock, Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General, 
 
 All that you have so forcibly narrated of the conduct of the former 
 at the Char Bagh entirely corresponds Avith my own observation of 
 his distinguished gallantry from the day our first shot was fired at 
 Futtehpore up to this period. 
 
335 
 
 It must of course afford me peculiar satisfaction that the behaviour 
 of my son in action has attracted your attention, and I feel that when 
 his merits are thus pointed out to me, I ought not to deprive him of 
 that rcAvard from any consideration of his near relation to me. From 
 my hand I well know that he never would have consented to receive the 
 Cross ; if the observation that he had deserved it had originated with 
 myself. As it comes spontaneously from you, every such scruple may 
 be laid aside, and the value of the decoration will be much enhanced 
 to him, by its being virtually awarded by an unprejudiced judge, as well 
 as by one, I trust you will permit me to add, whose proved gallantry and 
 devotion to the service peculiarly fit him to judge of these qualities in 
 another. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Captain Bruce, Cawnpore. 
 
 Lucknow Residency, 13^A October, 1857. 
 
 I received the night before last yours of the 8th, 
 conveying the gratifying information that the Delhi 
 force moving down the Doab would be near Futtehghur 
 at that date, and that you had forwarded direct to its 
 commander my urgent request that he should push on to 
 Cawnpore with all practicable despatch. I beg you will 
 now make the following communication to him from me : 
 
 " It is most urgent that you should move to our sup- 
 port as early as practicable. In forcing our way from 
 the Alum Bagh to the Residency with 2,300 men, our 
 casualties were so heavy that our sick, Avounded, and 
 women and children, numbering upwards of 1,000, 
 cannot be removed until we are greatly reinforced, nor 
 could we obtain carriage for them while our communi- 
 cation with the well affected in the city is cut off by the 
 rebels, who still domineer over it, and surround our 
 position. Neither can we obtain supplies ; our condition 
 in respect to which Captain Bruce will inform you of. 
 Being unable to remove the garrison, our whole force is 
 required to support it ; and the enemy, having destroyed 
 the bridges between this and our Alum Bagh post, five 
 miles off, we cannot communicate with it. For, without 
 artillery (which could not cross the canal), we could 
 
336 
 
 not overcome the intervening obstacles without heavier 
 loss than we can now afford. At Alum Basjh we have 
 our carriage and supplies, 600 European infantry, besides 
 convalescents, six guns of our own, and some others 
 taken from the enemy, in a well-fortified walled enclosure, 
 with open country around, quite safe against attack, 
 and a secure plank for your force if encamped there. 
 Two more infantry regiments, with guns, I hope, will 
 probably be there, with further supplies, before you 
 arrive, and the whole will be an available addition to 
 your force, minus a small guard to hold the place when 
 you move, as probably you would soon do, to the Dil- 
 koosha. When there, we could open more direct com- 
 munication, and concert combined movements. But all 
 this can be arranged after you arrive at Alum Bagh, 
 which I hope you will do as early as possible ; for the 
 mere presence of your force there will probably cause 
 the dispersion of the party which now enthrals the city ; 
 so far, at least, as to enable us to obtain supplies. 
 Alum Bagh is forty-five miles, or three easy marches, 
 on good road from the Cawnpore bridge ; and a day's 
 halt at Cawnpore would, I hope, sufl[ice to replenish 
 your supplies, bringing on with you for a few days only, 
 and leaving the rest to follow ; for, as your force 
 advances, the communication with Cawnpore will not 
 be obstructed.* At Alum Bagh you will soon be rein- 
 forced by H. M.'s 93rd and 23rd Regiments, which 
 commenced leaving Baneegunge by bullock train on 
 the 28th. Also, two or more troops of Horse Artillery 
 are on the way up. But their junction should be awaited 
 at Alum Bagh, not Cawnpore. There the assemblage 
 of forces would have no efiect ; whereas, at Alum Bagh, 
 
 * At this time we knew nothing of tlie advance of the Gwalior rebels, and 
 relied much on Captain Bruce's exertions to establish intermediate police 
 thannahs. 
 
337 
 
 not merely would your presence in such close vicinity be 
 favourable to our communication with friends in the 
 city, but would encourage many of the neighbouring 
 landholders who are in our favour to come forward. 
 Moreover, by pushing on to Alum Bagh, you would 
 be far ahead of the main body of the Delhi rebels, who, 
 on learning that you are there, would be deterred from 
 coming to Lucknow. 
 
 When I urged your (Bruce) being sent in command 
 of the party to Alum Bagh, I meant the Jirst party, 
 which I thought might be opposed. But as that met 
 no opposition, and all that is now required at Alum 
 Bagh is merely to hold a position not likely to be attacked, 
 there would be little worthy of your doing with any 
 subsequent detachment ; and as your services are in- 
 valuable at Cawnpore, I would not take you thence 
 merely to command the escort now required to bring 
 provisions for the followers there, the supply of which 
 has hitherto been so strangely neglected. It is most 
 urgent that they should be supplied to the utmost 
 extent that suitable escort can be provided. As all 
 your camels and elephants may be required for the 
 Delhi force, these supplies might come in carts, which 
 could go back to you empty with comparatively small 
 escort. I don't think the Cawnpore garrison should be 
 less than 350 effective Em'opeans, and that of Futteli- 
 pore 150. Beyond this you enumerate parties of only 
 80, 90, and 150, as immediately expected. If so, you 
 could hardly afford to send more than 200 or 250 
 Europeans in addition to the return escort of 100 which 
 took back the elephants. I am most anxious to learn 
 that they reached you safe. 
 
 Urge Greathed to come on to Alum Bagh with all 
 possible despatch. 
 
 Should orders from Calcutta direct the organization 
 22 
 
338 
 
 of the reinforcements for Lucknow at Cawnpore, re- 
 present how imperative I consider it that they should be 
 assembled at Alum Bagh instead; and that there they 
 can be supported from Cawnpore with perfect safety. 
 Small detachments maintained at Busseerutgunge, 
 Nuwabgunge, and Bunnee, will amply secure the com- 
 munication. On no account send any of your Mehter 
 police into Oude. Their presence would confirm the 
 belief so industriously circulated by our enemies here, 
 that we purpose forcibly to destroy caste. If your party 
 at Busseerutgunge is so composed, pray relieve them by 
 Sikhs, or others. Your police cavalry would be most 
 useful at Alum Bagh, and I hope will accompany the 
 bazaar supplies. With their assistance commissariat 
 agents might perhaps communicate with distant villages 
 and purchase supplies. 
 
 Telegraph to Allahabad to expedite the advance 
 of the two regiments coming by bullock train. A 
 large quantity of powder should be sent with the 
 Delhi column for explosive purposes ; also a few 4| mor- 
 tars, and entrenching tools. Communicate all the 
 above to Brigadier Wilson from me, as if sent direct to 
 himself. 
 
 I send copy of a proclamation issued some days ago. 
 I appoint you commandant of the depot, to receive and 
 organize all who produce the certificates referred to 
 in the proclamation, who engage on the understanding 
 that they will have to stand the consequences if here- 
 after proved to have joined in acts of rebellion, &c. 
 
 Telegraph the substance to Government, and ask 
 if others who received similar leave to their homes, 
 under Mr. Colvin's proclamation, are to be similarly 
 embodied, or how. 
 
339 
 
 (Enclosure.) 
 Proclamation dated 4th October, 1857. 
 
 " All those sepoys and sowars of the 13th, 48th, and 71st Kegiments, 
 and 7th Light Cavalry, who were sent to their homes on compiilsorij 
 furlough, in June last, are hereby called upon to proceed to Cawnpore, 
 where a depot of their regiments will be formed for their reception. 
 
 ''All those sepoys of the above regiments who availed themselves of 
 their furlough in the usual manner, and have since taken no part 
 in the rebellion, are also directed to join the depots of their regiments 
 at Cawnpore." 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Captain Sibley, Alum Bdgh. 
 Lucknoiv Residency, I4th October, 1857. 
 
 The accompanying packet is for the officer com- 
 manding the Delhi column, which will, I hope, ere 
 loner reach Alum Bao^h. 
 
 I send duplicate of my last to you of 11th instant. 
 In future, always tell me the dates of the communi- 
 cations you receive from me, and let me know the dates 
 of those you have already received. 
 
 Oblige me by telling my servant John to pay what- 
 ever may be required for food for my servants. 
 
 (Enclosure to above.) 
 
 Sir J. Outram to the Officer Commanding the Troops 
 advancing to the Relief of Licck now. 
 
 I now send a sketch of the ground intervening between Alum Bagh 
 and this position,* and beg to sixggest the following mode of operations, 
 by which you may effect a junction with us with the least difficulty. 
 
 From Alum Bagh, passing round the southern face of the enclosure, 
 and between the villages of Hushtunggee and Poorwah, and proceeding 
 almost due east for about three miles, over a level country of grass 
 land and cultivation — with a shallow jheel to cross shortly after leaving 
 Alum Bagh, probably not more than ankle deep now, and no obstacle 
 to guns — you will arrive opposite the village of Jameitha, on your 
 left. Slanting past this for about a mile to north-west, you arrive at 
 the Dilkoosha Palace ; nothing but the park wall (about eight feet 
 high) intervening, which can be broken down anywhere by a couple of 
 pioneers. The palace having large windows in European style, is not 
 
 * See the plan at the end of this volume. 
 n 22—2 
 
340 
 
 likely to be defended. But if so, a few cannon shot would soon empty 
 it. Indeed, I anticipate little or no opposition to you.r occupation 
 of Dilkooslia Palace and park, or of the neighbouring Martiniere, 
 or of the Beebeapore II, should jou think it necessary, the enemy's 
 troops being chiefly on this side of the canal. The union-jack 
 hoisted at the top of the palace, and a royal salute from your guns to 
 draw our attention to it (should you have had no previous firing), 
 would inform us of your arrival. And our union-jack, which we 
 Avould then hoist over the Chutter Munzil (distant two and a half or 
 three miles), will show you that we aj^e informed. 
 
 At the Dilkoosha you have an open plain for encampment of 
 nearly a mile, before the palace, and between it and the town a deep 
 canal, the bridges over which are broken dov.n. By encamping with 
 your front to the canal, and your guns on your front and flanks, you 
 Avould keep do^nm any fire which the enemy could bi'ing against you 
 from the town side ; ibr they have only seven or eight guns in difi^erent 
 positions on this side of the Gcomtee, guarding the different egresses 
 towards the Dilkoosha from oin- position. These guns are of different 
 calibre, and so badly found in carriages that the enemy would have 
 some difficulty in moving them away to turn against you ; but if they 
 (lid remove them for that purpose, it would facilitate our dash out 
 to meet you on your advance to this side of the canal ; where, how- 
 ever, they are not likely to stand when they find you prepared to 
 cross the canal, exposed as they then would be to attack from front 
 and rear. 
 
 Under cover of your guns, you will have no difficulty in sloping 
 passages for your artillery down yow side into the canal, and up oi(r 
 side, during the first night, ready to pass over early next morning. 
 
 Further delay, I think, would be impolitic, as it would give the 
 enemy time to bring guns from distant places.* 
 
 Lest messengers should miscarry, your signal for intending to cross 
 the canal in the morning might be three guns, followed by three 
 rockets, the night before, after reconnaissance had satisfied you of the 
 feasibility of preparing the slope during the night. 
 
 The banks of the canal are from twenty to twenty-five feet deep ; 
 there is little or no water, and sandy bottom. You would, of course, 
 leave parties in occupation of the Dilkoosha Palace ; and also, after 
 passing the canal, in some of the principal buildings commanding your 
 line of communication. 
 
 But we should meet you half way with a pretty strong column 
 of Europeans and guns ; f and we Avould then arrange together the 
 
 * The Commander-in-Chief's force was obliged to halt a day, after occupying 
 the Dilkoosha and Martiniere, and the enemy did take forward guns. The 
 resistance he met with was far more serious than had been anticipated, owing 
 to ^laun Sing's deceit. 
 
 f This was written on tlie 14th October. By tlie 17th November, when the 
 Commander-in-Chief came, tlie Lucknow troops had exhausted tlieir gun 
 bu'locks, the List being killed for food on that very day ; tliey were, conse- 
 quently, witliout the means of moving out half vray. They, however, advanced 
 their guns by manual laboiu", and thus enabled themselves to storm the enemy's 
 works which interposed between their advance posts and the Mess-house the day 
 
341 
 
 mode of nmiiitaining the coniinunlc.ition between your camp on the 
 canal (or Dilkoosha) and our entrenchment. 
 
 You -would perhaps halt two or three days at Alum Bagh, and 
 might continue to give i;s notice of the day of your advance. Of 
 course, all the troops at Alum Biigh will be imder yovir command, and 
 H small guard (including the convalescents) "will suffice to maintain 
 that place; thus placing 500 or GOO Europeans at your disposal, 
 besides guns. 
 
 Si?' J. Outram to Brigadier Wilson, Caw7ipore, 
 Lucknow, I5th October, 1857. 
 
 In case Bruce may have been detached by you to 
 Alum Bagh, I address you direct, instead of as hitherto 
 through him, that he might turn the Greek letters 
 into English for you. But I trust there are others with 
 you who can do so. Pray write your notes to me in 
 the same character. Herewith I send duplicate of a 
 letter I forwarded through Bruce to the officer com- 
 manding the Delhi column, which (if the former mis- 
 carried) pray communicate to him in the most expe- 
 ditious manner possible. Also please attend to my 
 instructions respecting the sepoys who return from leave 
 — referred to in the accompanying proclamation — and 
 forward the messages to the Governor-General and 
 Commander-in-Chief, if not already gone. If Bruce 
 is not with you, appoint any other officer most compe- 
 tent to superintend the depot of returned sepoys. I 
 enclose a sketch of the ground between Alum Bagh and 
 this place, for the officer who commands the relieving 
 force. 
 
 Date your notes, and tell me the dates of those you 
 receive from me. Please show this to Bruce, if still 
 with you. It is most urgent that the Alum Bagh post 
 
 before the junction. They then opened their guns on the Mess-house and Mofce 
 Mehal, and their fire, in conj unction with that of Sir Colin Campbell's artillery 
 from the opposite side, compelled the enemy to vacate those strong positions. — 
 (See Despatches of General Havelock, Colonel Napier, Brigadier Eyre, \-c., relating 
 to these operations.') 
 
342 
 
 should be furnished with bazaar supplies for followers, 
 which I trust will have been forwarded under suit- 
 able escort before this reaches you. Gun and musketry 
 powder, 5J and 8 inch shells, 24-pounder shot, good 
 fuzes, with proportion of stores and Enfield ammuni- 
 tion, are most required, and should be sent with the 
 relieving column. 
 
 Mark what I wrote to you, through Bruce, of the 
 necessity of the Delhi column coming on to Alum Bagh 
 as soon as possible, and inform the Commander-in-Chief 
 of what I say on the subject. I hear there is a letter 
 for me from his Excellency at Alum Bagh, marked 
 " private," which there has been no means of sending 
 to me. Please, in your telegraph to the Commander-in- 
 Chief, tell him this. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Captain Sibley, Alum Bagh. 
 Lucknow Residency, l6th October, 1857- 
 
 A camp follower who has made his way from Alum 
 Bagh informs me that you charge the poor followers 
 one rupee a seer for atta ! I directed that the Maho- 
 medan and meat-eating castes should be furnished with 
 meat, by slaughtering the cart bullocks necessary to 
 supply them, and that the castes who cannot eat meat 
 should be furnished from the European supplies, until 
 bazaar supplies arrived from Cawnpore ; but this did 
 not warrant your charging famine prices for the articles 
 so supplied, or charging one fraction beyond the price 
 they cost at Cawnpore ; so I trust I am misinformed. 
 
 I learn from Bruce that the strange omission to fur- 
 nish bazaar supplies with Major Brigham's detachment, 
 is owing to your having specifed as required, only " rum, 
 tea, sugar, and tobacco." This is the more strange, 
 indeed, as you had written to me on the 29th, " Not a 
 
343 
 
 seer of atta in camp for the followers ; they and the 
 cattle m great want of food." Yet, notwithstanding this, 
 no intimation of their wants was made to Cawnporc, 
 and consequently the convoy brought nothing for the 
 followers. You, therefore, are answerable for the 
 lamentable straits to which the poor fellows are sub- 
 jected. 
 
 Bruce also writes on the 21st — " I wish Sibley would 
 not change my men. The note you mention having been 
 sent by a return cossid, came in by one of Sibley's 
 people, and has taken just nine days eii route." This is 
 an allusion to a note I wrote from Alum Bagli on the 
 24th. How it came into your hands I know not. 
 
 P.S. — Did you keep the note sent you for the officer 
 commanding the Delhi column — as of course I intended 
 you should do — or did you send it with the other enclo- 
 sure to Bruce ? 
 
 Si?' J. Outram to Captain Bruce, Caicnpore. 
 
 Lucknow Residency, l6th October, 1857. 
 Circumstances cause me to suspect that Munsoof 
 Ali has been tampering with our cossids. My letter 
 of the 6th, which you acknowledge on the 8th, was sent 
 by one of Thomson's men, Bissas Sing ; but instead 
 of his returning with your reply, it was brought on the 
 11th by a cunning little chap (name I forget), late naib 
 nazir of Durriabad, with whom, my suspicion not 
 having been then excited, I sent you a long letter on 
 the 13th. As Bissas Sing has not returned, it appears 
 to me too probable that Munsoof Ali must have got 
 hold of him, taken his quill, and, after copying the 
 contents, perhaps forwarded it to you, and got your 
 reply, which, after reading, he sent on to me ; thus 
 obtaining for his emissary a thorough insight into the 
 
344 
 
 state of this garrison, and getting a sight also of my 
 reply to yours, which of course he will have sent on that 
 he may see your answer in the same way. 
 
 Unfortunately, you write always in English, which 
 ]\Iunsoof Ali knows as well as you or I. Mine, luckily, 
 have always been in Greek character, wdiich it is to be 
 honed he cannot read. But if he learns what is said 
 
 JL 
 
 on one side, he must have a tolerable guess as to what 
 is written on both. Your letters to me (those dated 
 7th and 8th) which came together, mentioned the inten- 
 tion to despatch a party With, the bazaar supplies for 
 Alum Bagh — 400 Europeans with two guns. Your 
 messenger, the naib nazir, left with my reply on the 
 night of the 13th; and on the lAth troops marched 
 hence in the direction of Cawnpore (the Nana with 
 them, it is said), probably to enable Munsoof Ali to 
 intercept the expected convoy. 
 
 I know not if the convoy has started, or if this will 
 be in time to put you on your guard. As possibly my 
 letter of the 13th may not be delivered, I send duplicate. 
 Write vour letters in Greek characters. Tell me the 
 dates of all you have received from me, and all you have 
 despatched. Of course Brigadier Wilson will open this, 
 should you have accompanied the convoy ; and I beg 
 he will kindly carry out what I have requested you to 
 do. I hear Munsoof Ali is disposed to serve us, and 
 keep open the communication with Lucknow, if assured 
 by me of future protection ; this you may grant him in 
 my name, as well as immunity for the past, if he should 
 desire to open negotiations with you. If the Nana has 
 actually gone in that direction, possibly he may be in- 
 duced to earn the revv'ard for that villain's capture. 
 
 P.S. — The name of Lieutenant Wild, 40th Native 
 Infantry, vras entered by mistake among those mentioned 
 to you as killed, in my letter of 26th ultimo. 
 
345 
 
 Si?' J. Outram to Brigadier Wilson. 
 
 I6th October f 6 p.m. 
 
 The commissary has just informed me that after the 
 strictest scrutiny, he finds that our atta and bullocks 
 (we have nothing else) will last only till 18th proximo, 
 on half rations for natives, and three-quarters for 
 Europeans. 
 
 No possibility of our obtaining any supplies unless 
 previously relieved. The Delhi column must push on 
 to Alum Bagh. Spare no cost in sending express to 
 Greathed, urging his immediate advance, and let there 
 be no delay in bringing troops up from Allahabad. 
 
 Enclosures, mentioned in the accompanying to Bruce 
 of this morning, will be forwarded to-morrow, being too 
 bulky for a quill. 
 
 Colonel Wilson to the Chief of the Staff. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Cawnjyore, loth Octohei; 1857, 3.15 p.m. 
 
 As already telegraphed on the 12th instant, the officer commanding 
 the convoy brought no intelligence further than that occasionally a 
 cossid, -with difficulty, made his way from the Baillie Guard to Alum 
 B:\gh; that they heard constant firing, and that they "were not molested 
 ou their road here. As far as Alum Bagh, with a strong detachment 
 and guns, I consider the road safe. I beg to refer you to my message 
 of the 12th instant, more particularly as we have not had any com- 
 munication from Luchnow since, which fact is daily telegraphed to 
 you. 
 
 Captain B?'uce to the Governor- General of India and 
 tit e Commander-in - Chief 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Cawnpore, loth October, 1857. 
 
 Letter from General Outram, dated Lucknow, 13th. He desires mc 
 to urge strongly the imperative necessity for supplies, to the utmost ex- 
 tent that our escorts from this can guard. Represents how imperative 
 he considers it that reinforcements for Liicknow be organized at Alum 
 Bagh, not at Cawnpore, Avhere the assembly of forces would have no 
 effect at Lucknow ; Avhereas, concentration at Alum Bagh Avould favour 
 communication with friends in the city, and encourage loyal zemindars 
 to come forward. Keinforcements at Alum Bagh can be supplied from 
 
346 
 
 Cawnpove with perfect safety ; the road so far opeu, that native police 
 posts, as far as Nmvabgunge, are unmolested, and detachments at 
 Busseerutgunge, Nuwabguuge, and Bunnee, will amply secvu'e the com- 
 munication. Almu Bagh is a well-fortified wall inclosure, with opeu 
 country around. 
 
 The Chief of the Staff to Colonel Wilson^ Cawnjiore. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 16th October, 1857. 
 
 If you believe that the road to Liicknow is not more obstructed than 
 when the last detachment marched on, send a party to the rehef of 
 Alum Bagh, made up to 500 rank and file, Avith four guns ; the whole 
 being under the command of Major Barnston, with Captain Bruce as 
 staff officer. 
 
 Having thrown in provisions, which should be sufficient for a month 
 at the very least, including a due supply of atta for the use of the native 
 troops, this party should return, if possible, bringing back unladen ele- 
 phants and camels, as otherwise they would eat up all the food they 
 take. Send some police sowars with it, if you have any, as scouts, and 
 impress upon Major Barnston the necessity of taking every precaution 
 when returning. He must bring back his guns. 
 
 If, on due reflection. Major Barnston thinks it absolutely necessary 
 to reinforce Alum Bagh with a company of Europeans, he must do so ; 
 but his Excellency is of opinion that, if such a step can be avoided, it 
 would be much better for the garrison on account of supplies, as well 
 as for the safety of the returning column. 
 
 Colonel Wilson to the Chief of the Staff. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Caivnpore, 16th October, 1857, 8.50 a.m. 
 
 Captain Bruce read to me Sir James Outram's letter, dated 13th, 
 upon which the telegraphic message was forwarded, as despatched last 
 night to the Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief. I have the 
 party and provisions all ready, and only await the Commander-in- 
 Chief's orders to despatch them. 
 
 Captain Bruce, for Major- General Sir J. Outratn, to 
 the Governor- General of India in Council. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Caivnj^ore, 16th October, 1857, 11 a.m. 
 
 General Outram has issued proclamation to those men of the 7th 
 Lif^ht Cavalry, 13th Eegiment Native Infantry, 48th Eegiment Native 
 Infantry, and 71st Regiment Native Infantry, who Avere granted fur- 
 lough by the Chief Commissioner in Oude in June, as well as those 
 who went as usual on leave previous to June, to repair to the officer 
 commanding at Cawnpore for duty, tipon the imderstanding that, if 
 
347 
 
 they afterwards proved to have joined in rebellion, they must stand 
 the consequence. General Outram orders me to organize this depot, 
 and has desired me to ask your Lordship if others, who received 
 similar leave under Mr. Colvin's orders, are to be similarly embodied, 
 or not. 
 
 The Governor- General of India in Council to Major- 
 General Sir J. Outram. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 17 ih October, 1857. 
 
 The furlough men who received leave from Sir Henry Lawrence in 
 June, or before that time, and who have been summoned to Cawnpore 
 by Sir James Outram's proclamation, may be received there; but arms 
 must not be put into their hands at present. 
 
 It is not likely that the proclamation can have penetrated to any dis- 
 tance from Lucknow ; if it has not done so, those who act upon it will 
 have been amongst the insurgents, and must not be too readily trusted. 
 
 Do not receive any other furlough men at Cawnpore. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Brigadier Wilson ^ Caw7ipore. 
 
 Lucknow Residency^ \7th October^ 1857. 
 I send duplicates of letters addressed to you and 
 Bruce on the 13th, 15th, and l6th, and beg your 
 particular attention to the postscript of the last, and that 
 you will communicate it to the Commander-in-Chief by 
 telegraph. I have only to-day to add the suggestion, 
 that, as the troops of artillery despatched from Calcutta 
 by the river have no chance of being in time, Captain 
 Moir's battery should be drawn from Allahabad where 
 the Naval Brigade will surely suffice for the present. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Brigadier Wilson, Cawnpore. 
 
 Lucknow Residency, I8th October, 1857- 
 Your note to Napier, dated 11th instant, reached 
 me last night, and disappointed me much, as conveying 
 nothing but the Commander-in-Chiefs message of the 
 8th, whereas Government should not have been put to 
 the expense of such highly-paid cossids, without your 
 
348 
 
 availing yourself of the opportunity to inform us of the 
 progress of the force expected from Delhi, which it is so 
 necessary I should be acquainted with. As the note 
 now received is marked duplicate, it appears that 
 Government has been put to the expense of double 
 cossids for this brief message — four times the bulk of 
 which could have been inserted in the quill. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief, when he interdicted small 
 detachments to Lucknow, could not have been informed 
 of the urgent necessity there is to convey provisions, 
 not to Lucknow, but to Alum Bdgh, which you so 
 strangely neglected to furnish with bazaar supplies for 
 the camp followers, at the same time that you sent 
 supplies for the Europeans. 
 
 His Excellency could not have been made aware that 
 a detachment of 230 men and two guns had already 
 escorted carts thither ; that 100 riflemen had taken 
 back the elephants, &c. to you without opposition ; and 
 that, ivhen you icrote, the road was clear. He could 
 not have been informed that the followers at Alum 
 Bagh would absolutely starve if not supplied ; and that 
 the escort intended, of 400 Europeans with two guns, 
 and Bruce's cavalry, were not likely to meet with any 
 opposition which they could not overcome, even if the 
 enemy should have troops on the road. But, knowing 
 the urgency of the demand for bazaar supplies at Alum 
 Bagh, you of course must have informed the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief of all this by telegraph, in reply to his 
 message of the 8th. I informed you that troops (in- 
 fantry, no guns that I can ascertain) were supposed to 
 have gone towards Cawnpore on the 14th ; but of this 
 you knew nothing when you received the Commander- 
 in-Chief's message. And as your cossid saw nothing of 
 these troops, it is likely that they were on their way to 
 Bithoor or elsewhere, and not to occupy the road to 
 
349 
 
 Lucknow ; and Bruce would have given you timely 
 information if they were in such strength on the road 
 as to oppose your convoy. 
 
 It does not appear that you gave Bruce information 
 of the despatch of this cossid ; or surely — as head of the 
 intelligence department to whom I look for information 
 ■ — he would have acquainted me with the progress of 
 the Delhi column. I request that no Government 
 cossid be sent henceforth without due notice to Captain 
 Bruce ; and to him you should look for supplying the 
 cossids. 
 
 I enclose duplicate of what I wrote you yesterday, 
 also of letters to Bruce and yourself of 1 3th, 15th, 
 and 19th. Such portions of them as should be com- 
 municated to the Commander-in-Chief, you will, of 
 course, telegraph, if not already sent. 
 
 P.S. — Did you get the letters of instruction for the 
 officer commanding the Delhi column, and the map 
 which accompanied it? Have you telegraphed to the 
 Governor- General the substance of such portions of my 
 letters as may be important ? 
 
 The Chief of the Staff to Colonel Wilson, Cawnpore. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 17th Octoler, 1857. 
 
 Inform Sir James Outram, by cossid — your commuuication being 
 made in Greek characters — of Major Barnston's advance, and that Sir 
 James Oiitram's letter of the 13th instant has been laid before the 
 Commander-in-Chief. Much as the Commander-in-Chief may desire 
 to meet Sir James Outram's wishes, he is obliged, from want of means, 
 to declare the impossibility of carrying out Sir James's plan. 
 
 2. There are no troops to form a line of posts across the Province of 
 Oude, and there is no other available carriage than that now sent. 
 
 3. Even one brigade cannot be formed at Cawnpore, putting, for the 
 present. Alum Bagh out of the question, before the 10th of November 
 at the earliest. 
 
 4. Let Major Barnston, after arrival at Alum Bagh, wait there three 
 or four days to rest his people and cattle, and communicate, if pos- 
 sible, with Sir James Outram ; and let the latter understand that the 
 only means of supplying Alum Bagh, at the disposal of his Excellency, 
 
350 
 
 is to allow of the return of Major Barnston, with his camels and ele- 
 phants, to Cawnpore, with a view to the subsequent march of a similar 
 but stronger column, with a like object. 
 
 5. Tell him that every possible effort is being made to close the new 
 arrivals up to Cawnpore ; and his Excellency has a confident hope that 
 the gradual, but never-ceasing, concentration at that place will have a 
 beneficial influence on the minds of the leaders by Avhom Sir James is 
 now blockaded, 
 
 6. Instruct Major Barnston, Avhen he commences his retreat, to start 
 in the middle of the night, and march at least twenty miles, so as to 
 effect the passage of the nullah at Bunnee in the first stage. He will 
 be able to do this by using his elephants and camels freely. 
 
 7. Let him leave his weakly men and bad marchers to reinforce 
 Alum Bagh, 
 
 8. He is also to communicate his Excellency's orders to the officer 
 commanding at Alum Biigh, that the latter is personally to superintend 
 the stores, and economize the delivery as much as possible. 
 
 9. Let Major Barnston take a lakh of Enfield rifle ammunition with 
 him, if possible ; also let Sir James Outram know that the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief will write fully by post. 
 
 The Chief of the Staff to Colonel Wilson, Cawnpore. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 17th October, 1857. 
 
 Instruct Major Barnston to take advantage of his elephants, on his 
 return from Alum Bagh, to bring back such sick men as are able to 
 travel. 
 
 Captain Peel, R.N., to the Chief of the Staff. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Allahabad, llih October, 1857, 4 p.m. 
 
 I received by telegraph from Cawnpore an order from General 
 Outram of the 15th instant from Lucknow, to expedite as much as pos- 
 sible, the two regiments coming up. He does not specify what regi- 
 ments. 
 
 Colonel Wilson to the Chief of the Staff] 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Catvnjwi^e, 17th Octoher, 1857, 10.10 p.m. 
 
 Having made all my arrangements to send off 500 infantry, with 
 four guns, 9-pounders, under the command of Major Barnston, with 
 Captain Bruce as staff officer, to march this night at 2 o'clock, the 
 Commissariat were not ready. Captain Bruce informs me, at 7 o'clock 
 this evening, that the Delhi fugitives had reached Bithoor. They had 
 been obliged to divide in consequence of scarcity of food. Each division 
 marched one ahead of the other. The first would probably reach 
 Sheorajpore to-morrow, and so on. The Nana is in communication, and 
 is trying to induce them to join him at Bithoor, where his valuables are 
 buried. Such being the case, I move out with 600 infantry and six 
 
351 
 
 guns (five O-povmders, one 24-poiinder howitzer) at 1 a.m. to-morroAv 
 morning, the 18th. No elephants will carry near the party, so that I 
 hope to be able to give a good account of our enemies. This Avill 
 probably prevent a number of guns and men being brought into Oude, 
 which might obstruct the movements of our relief parties, and I 
 sincerely trust that the Commander-in-Chief will approve of the steps 
 I have taken, and of my great wish to thwart, imd, if possible, to seize 
 on, the murderous rebel Nana. The moment I return I will then 
 carry out the Commander-in-Chiefs views of sending the supplies to 
 Alum Bagh, which will be all ready to-morrow evening. 
 
 Major Stirling to the Chief of the Staff. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Cawnpore, 19th October, 1857, 11.10 a.m. 
 
 The following, received from Captain Bruce, dated Sheorajpore, 18th 
 October, 7 p.m. : — 
 
 " We reached at half-past 3 o'clock ; drove the enemy right out of 
 the place, which Avas strong, with hardly any resistance, and followed 
 them up two miles, and continued for a mile and a half farther, with a 
 few sowars ; but they could not be overtaken. I suspect their almost 
 nominal opposition was to cover their flight. Our casualties seven or 
 eight. No guns taken, but some ordnance stores." 
 
 The Governor- General of India in Council to the 
 Officer Commanding at Cawnpore. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Fort William, Idth October, 1857. 
 
 You are requested to forward the following message to Colonel 
 Fraser, Chief Commissioner at Agra, with the utmost expedition : — 
 
 "The presence of Lieutenant-Colonel Greathed's column is urgently 
 required in Oude ; therefore, do not let him be detained at or near 
 Agra an hour longer than is necessary. Allow him to exchange some 
 of his sickly and weak European Infantry for some of yoiu* fresh men, 
 if he desires it. Let Lieutenant-Colonel Greathed know that his 
 cavalry is especially needed. 
 
 " The reinforcement of General Outram at Lucknow is the object 
 which most presses, and you are requested to do everything in your 
 power to hasten the accomplishment of this by Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Greathed." 
 
 The Chief of the Staff' to Colonel Wilson, Caivnpore. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 20th October, 1857. 
 
 Increase the party going to Alum Bagh to 700 rank and file. Let 
 200 remain at Alum Biigh to reinforce the garrison, and 500 return 
 with the unladen elephants and camels. 
 
352 
 
 Captain Bruce, for Major- General Sir J. Outramy to 
 the Governor- General and Commander-in-Chief, 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Cawnpore, 20th October, 1857, 10 a.m. 
 
 A letter, dated 7tli October, from General Outram, desires me to 
 inform you that the force at Lucknow, now besieged by the enemy, 
 has grain, gun-bullocks, and horses, upon -which they can subsist for 
 another month ; but they have no hospital comforts, and little medi- 
 cine. Kepeats, that maintaining troops at Alum Bagh, and gradually 
 reinforcing that post, must tell favourably ere long; adds that a wing 
 of infantry and two guns at Busseerutgunge and Bunnee Avould secure 
 the whole road for safe convoy of provisions to Alum Bagh. The loss 
 in killed, wounded, and missing, since the force crossed the Ganges, has 
 been very heavy, 256 killed, and 700 wounded and missing; out of 
 the former, sixteen officers. 
 
 Colonel Wilson to the Chief of the Staff. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Cawnpore, 20th October^, 1857, 12.2 p.m. 
 
 The party for Alum Bagh will leave, if possible, to-morrow morning. 
 Captain Bruce cannot just now be spared; his Excellency, perhaps, is 
 not aware that the Intelligence Department, by General Outram's wish, 
 is entirely in his hands, as also most of the magisterial and police 
 work of the Avhole district. Intelligence is of the greatest importance, 
 now that the country is covered with Delhi fugitives. Captain Moir, 
 an experienced Bengal Artillery officer, is the party, and, if necessary, 
 Mr. Ranson, of the Civil Service, can accompany, as both these gentle- 
 men know the language well. Sir James Outram, in a subsequent 
 letter to Captain Bruce, wishes him not to leave Cawnpore. 
 
 Captain Bruce, for Major -General Sir J. Outrarn, to 
 the Governor- General of India in Council. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Cawnpore, 2\st October, 1857, 5 p.m. 
 
 Eajah Maun Sing has written to me, with enclosure for General 
 Outram : the purport of these is as follows : — 
 
 Says he never intended to go to Lucknow at all, had not the ranee 
 of the late Rajah of Buktwar Sing been seized there by the rebels ; he 
 went Avith J\Ir. Gubbins' (of Benares) sanction to rescue her ; he could 
 not get away until all the rebels opposed the British at Alum Bagh ; he 
 seized this opportunity of rescuing her, making every arrangement to 
 move back twenty coss from Lucknow. He swears, on oath, up to 
 this time he did not connect himself with the rebels. It was willed his 
 name now should be connected with the rebels, and himself fall under 
 displeasure of Government thus. He suddenly heard the rebels were 
 defeated, and the British, attacking the place, Avere about to disgrace 
 his Majesty's harem. He at once marched to protect it, for he had 
 eaten the King's salt. If the General views with justice his actions, 
 
353 
 
 he will see that he did not join the rebels. He protected the British 
 aixthorities in his district, and could not keep liimself aloof from pro- 
 tecting the King's honour. Now he was ready to obey all Government 
 orders, and, if his vakeel's life be spared, he will submit the whole 
 facts; he hopes the General will let him know his design, that he may 
 cany it out. 
 
 To this letter I sent the following reply : — " I have received your 
 letter, and enclosure for General Outram. The British do no injury to 
 helpless women and children, however humble their rank, and you 
 ought to have known that those of the King Avould not have been 
 dishonoured. I have written to-day to General Outram, who is now 
 in the Lucknow Residency ; and in the meantime, if you are really 
 friendly to the British Government, you are desired at once to with- 
 draw all your men from Lucknow, and communicate with the Chief 
 Commissioner. I have sent to tell your vakeel that if he likes to come 
 in and see me, he will meet with no injury." 
 
 The vakeel has since come, and, having expressed his master's will- 
 ingness to comply with the terms of my letter, departed for Lucknow. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Captain Sihley, Alum Bdgh. 
 Lucknow Residency^ 20th October, 1857. 
 
 From your note of 17tli, it would appear that you 
 could not have received mine of l6th instant ; of which 
 I send copy. 
 
 The price you put on meat and biscuit is much too 
 high for poor camp followers. An anna a seer is the 
 utmost that should be charged ; but the allowance, of 
 course, to be limited in accordance with your means. 
 
 I received no reference from you on the subject of 
 "sentry sleeping on his post." Consult the Articles 
 of War, and act accordingly. 
 
 I hope your defensive works are progressing. Work 
 on perseveringly. 
 
 The packet for " the officer commanding the Delhi 
 column" was dh*ectcd to Alum Bdgh, and intended 
 to await him there; the other duplicate of letters to 
 Bruce I meant to go on. But as you sent them by one 
 of Bruce's own men, it is to be hoped the packet has not 
 fallen into the enemy's hands. We hear that the Delhi 
 column was three marches from Cawnpore on the 17th. 
 23 
 
354 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Captain Bruce, Cawnjwre. 
 
 Lucknow Reside7ic2/f 2lst October, 1857- 
 Yours, dated the l/th, was brought to me on the 
 19th by Canojee Lall, Naib Nazir of Durriabad, 
 against whom I expressed suspicion in my letter of the 
 l6th. This is now quite removed by the expedition 
 with which he brought your letter, with which he left 
 Cawnpore on the morning of the 18th ; and, by the 
 fact that the latter evidently had not been tampered 
 with. 
 
 In that letter, you alluded to one despatched on the 
 previous day by Bussarut Ali Khan, Sheristadar of the 
 Chief Commissioner's office at Lucknow, which I have 
 not received. In it probably you may have informed 
 me of the progress of the Delhi column ; for you make 
 no allusion to it in your note of the 17th — a great dis- 
 appointment, containing as that does nothing but the 
 substance of Maun Sing's letter. Your paper was not 
 nearly filled ; surely you might have told us something 
 of the progress of the troops expected from both sides. 
 Your messenger tells me that a force was prepared 
 to cross the river, with convoy, for Alum Bagh, on the 
 morning he left ; but that, during the night, infor- 
 mation having arrived that a large body of rebels 
 (including Gwalior mutineers) was approaching Cawn- 
 pore, the troops had suddenly been sent off in their 
 direction, instead of crossing the river. As my letter 
 from you prior to this of the 17th was dated the 11th, 
 I knew nothing of this intended movement, of which 
 intermediate letters, not received, may have been 
 intended to inform me. I sent (in a separate quill) 
 a despatch from General Havelock, which please tele- 
 graph to Calcutta, with this copy of one from myself 
 
355 
 
 to the Commander-in-Chief, which oblige me by copying 
 and expressing. 
 
 Your letter of the 8th was brought by Canojee Lall 
 on the 10th. I have received nothing else from you 
 before this of the 17th, which I now acknowledge, 
 and onlv one from Wilson of the 11th. 
 
 As Canojee Lall took mine of the 13th to you, I pre- 
 sume you have received it, though you do not say 
 so. I have sent the following despatches to you or 
 Wilson; let me know which of them have been received: 
 26th, 29th, September 2nd, 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 11th, 
 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th. I am particularly 
 anxious to know whether those of the 14th and 15th 
 were received. The former, sent through Alum Bagh, 
 and addressed to the officer commanding the Delhi 
 column, I intended to await his arrival at Alum Bagh ; 
 but Sibley stupidly sent it on to Cawnpore by one 
 of your men. The latter, directed to Brigadier Wilson, 
 was sent direct. They contained plans of the ground 
 between Alum Bagh and this place, with suggestions 
 as to mode of co-operation ; and I should not wish 
 the enemy to have got hold of them, though written 
 in the Greek character. 
 
 P.S. — I send duplicate of my letter to Wilson of the 
 l6th. Our food, upoii a ver^ reduced allowance indeedy 
 may possibly last till 20th November, but we should 
 have no bullocks left to move the guns. 
 
 I trust you inform Lady Outram that I am well 
 every time you hear from me. Tell her I cannot write 
 to her, because, as our expensive cossids can only carry 
 a quill, private communications have been forbidden 
 to others, and I cannot, in honour, take advantage to 
 write privately myself. 
 
 I send a list of killed and wounded in our force since 
 we left Cawnpore up to the present time. 
 
 23—2 
 
356 
 
 Sii' J. Oiitram to Captain Sihley, Alum Bdgh. 
 Liicknow Residency, ''22nd October, 1857- 
 
 The bearer of this is sent to inquire the particulars 
 of the heavy fii*e heard in your direction to-day. 
 
 Send all the particulars. We hope it is a convoy 
 which should have left Cawnpore some days ago. 
 Kindly tell my servant John to look after the servants 
 of my staff and their horses. Colonel Napier's khan- 
 sama has the key of his desk, whence John might take 
 some money if required. 
 
 Send me all you know from Cawnpore of the approach 
 of troops from Delhi and Calcutta, and of the enemy's 
 movements towards Cawnpore. Have you made earthen 
 flanking defences outside your towers at the angles ? 
 
 How have you managed to feed your bullocks, and 
 in what condition are they ? 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief to Captain Bruce, 
 Cawnpore. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) ' 22?zfZ October, 1857. 
 
 Send my best regards, by cossid, to General Outrani. Tell him I 
 have never ceased my exertions to press every available soldier up to 
 his support. My presence here has enabled me to ensure theexecixtion 
 of orders necessary to this effect. I believe, in consequence, that, after 
 making due deduction for sickness, I shall have 2,500 British Infantry 
 by the 7th of November, together with Cavalry of the Military Train, 
 two companies of Sappers, and a small detail of Artillery, at Cawnpore 
 and Alum Bugh together. 
 
 The Governor- General has written to desire that Colonel Greathed's 
 column may be directed on Cawnpore, but for the present I have no 
 power over that force. I trust it may arrive. 
 
 My intention is to throw forward to Alum Bagh about 1,500 men of 
 the above force, as soon as practicable ; the remainder of the force 
 indicated will close up on Alum Biigh as it arrives at Cawnpore. 
 
 Of course, much must depend upon the collection of carriage and 
 supplies. No effort is being left untried to ensure a sufficiency 
 of both. 
 
 Communicate this confidentially to Colonel Wilson. 
 
357 
 
 Sir J. Oufram to Captain Sibley, Alum Bdgh. 
 Lucknow Residency, 2Qth October, 1857. 
 
 I last night received information from Cawnpore 
 that a convoy left for Alum Bagh on the 22nd, escorted 
 by 500 infantry, 50 cavalry, and 4 guns, and that the 
 escort is ordered to return after waiting three or four 
 days for my orders. 
 
 If Major Mclntyre, Major Bingham, and yourself 
 are of opinion that any additional men are required to 
 hold your position, you may retain such portion of the 
 escort which has now arrived, as may be safely spared 
 from the force required to take back the empty carts, 
 camels, and elephants now at xVlum Bagh. The 
 remainder of the escort, with its four guns, to re- 
 turn to Cawnpore with all such carts, camels, and 
 elephants. The bullock-train vans, or a portion of 
 them, also to be sent back, unless their bullocks arc fit 
 for your service, in which case the bullocks should be 
 retained at Alum Bagh, and well fed, to replace the 
 gun bullocks which have been consumed for food. As 
 the Delhi column will have plenty of cavalry, the fifty 
 cavalry which accompanied the convoy would be best 
 employed at Alum Bagh in guarding the gun bullocks 
 when out grazing, &c., provided you have grain for the 
 horses. 
 
 I was much vexed to learn that the enemy carried off 
 some of your elephants the other day ; for I had sup- 
 posed all elephants and camels had been sent back to 
 Cawnpore, as I had directed, and as your letter of 10th 
 instant had led me to believe. I can only suppose that 
 you retained the gun elephants, as I did not specify 
 them. But in desiring that " the elephants " should 
 be sent back, without making any reservation, I of 
 course meant that all should be sent, and had hoped 
 
358 
 
 they were so. I now desire that all that are left may 
 go with the return convoy. 
 
 Such of the sick and wounded as are not likely to be 
 soon fit for duty, but are capable of bearing the journey 
 to Cawnpore, should be sent back with the convoy, 
 together with such troops as may be necessary. 
 
 When the Delhi column arrives (expected at Cawn- 
 pore by the end of the month), you should recommend 
 pitching their camp on the Cawnpore side of your post, 
 facing towards Jellalabad, with rear to the road, and 
 their left on your garden wall. There they would not 
 be exposed to fire from the enemy's guns, which obliged 
 us to change our position. 
 
 I send you a list of the deaths in this garrison prior 
 to our arrival, as that formerly sent may have mis- 
 carried. Take the opportunity of the return column to 
 send it to Captain Bruce, at Cawnpore, to be tele- 
 graphed to Government. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Captain Bruce, Cawnpore. 
 
 Lucknow Residency, ^Qth October. 
 
 Yours of 13 th and Brigadier Wilson's of 21st were 
 brought together last night by the old pensioner, Bhow- 
 anee Deen ; and last night I also received yours of the 
 20th, brought by one of Thomson's men, who delivered 
 mine of the 15th to Wilson. 
 
 Your letter of the 17th, sent by Bussarut Ali, Sherish- 
 tadar of the Chief Commissioner's office, Lucknow, has 
 not been received, nor have I heard anything of Mr. 
 Bussarut Ali. As you have not told me what letters 
 you have received, nor on what dates you have de- 
 spatched letters, I know not what may have miscarried. 
 
 As this will be taken to you by the return escort 
 from Alum Bagh, I take the opportunity of sending a 
 
359 
 
 list of the deaths in this garrison before we joined ; 
 also, in another quill, a despatch from Havelock, which 
 please telegraph to the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 I hope you received his and my despatches of 30th, 
 sent by the Naib Nazir of Durriabad on the 21st. 
 Maun Sing's sincerity is very doubtful ; nothing has 
 yet come of it. 
 
 As no private letters can be sent at present from 
 hence, telegraph to Allan DefPell to write to my mother, 
 Mrs. Outram, 16, Abbyn Place, Edinburgh, that I 
 have entirely recovered from my trifling wound, and am 
 perfectly well. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Captain Bruce, Cawnpore. 
 
 Lucknow Residency, 28th October, 1857- 
 I received last night, by the hands of Canojee Lall, 
 your letters of the 24th and 25th, with duplicate of that 
 of l6th (neither original nor Bussarut have come). 
 
 Canojee has certainly proved himself most zealous 
 and able, has richly earned reward, and shall assuredly 
 obtain it. Having such faith in him, I purpose send- 
 ing a plan and further instructions to the oflicer com- 
 manding the relieving force by him to-night, if ready 
 in time. 
 
 If not ready to send by him, I hope it may safely 
 reach Alum Bagh by other means, there to await the 
 arrival of Colonel Grant, or whoever may be in com- 
 mand of the force. I shall not detain Canojee beyond 
 to-night, being anxious to prevent the force being 
 hurried from Cawnpore to Alum Bagh. The latter 
 post, having now been amply supplied with food, and 
 sufficiently strengthened to defy attack, is no longer a 
 source of anxiety ; and however desirable it may be 
 to support me here, I cannot but feel that it is still more 
 
360 
 
 important that the Gicalior rebels (said to he preparing 
 to cross into the Doah) should he first disposed of. I 
 would therefore urge on Brigadiei' Wilson, to whom I 
 beg you will communicate this as if addressed to him- 
 self, that I consider that the Delhi column, strengthened 
 to the utmost by all other troops that can be spared 
 from Cawnpore, should in the first instance be employed 
 against the Gwalior rebels, should they attempt to cross 
 into the Doab, or be tangible to assault elsewhere 
 within reasonable distance. We can manage to screw 
 on, if absolutely necessary, till near the end of No- 
 vember on further reduced rations. Only the longer 
 we remain the less physical strength we shall have to 
 aid our friends when they do advance, and the fewer 
 guns shall we be able to move out in co-operation. 
 
 But it is so obviously to the advantage of the State 
 that the Gwalior rebels should he first effectually de- 
 stroyed, that our relief should he a secondary considera- 
 tion. I trust, therefore, that Brigadier Wilson will 
 furnish Colonel Grant with every possible aid to effect 
 that object before sending him here. Pray tell the 
 Brigadier that it is suspected the enemy obtain supplies 
 of shot and shell from the Cawnpore magazine — stolen 
 thence, and sold by blackguards who have access to 
 where they are lying outside without any guard over 
 them. So I am told. Ask him from me, with my 
 salaam, to take such measures as will render pilfering 
 ordnance stores impossible. 
 
 It is hard that your good service at Cawnpore should 
 debar you from military duty with your regiment. Still, 
 you are too zealous a servant of Government to grudge 
 the sacrifice, if your presence there is indispensably 
 necessary. I should hope, however, that the magistrate 
 could make arrangements for the temporary performance 
 of your civil duties, and the Brigadier supply an efficient 
 
361 
 
 officer to conduct those you perform of a military 
 nature, during the period your regiment may be employed 
 at Lucknow. If, therefore, Government has not posi- 
 tively interdicted your departure from Cawnpore, I beg 
 you will express to Brigadier Wilson and Mr. Shercr 
 my hope that they will oblige me by effecting such 
 arrangements for the temporary performance of your 
 duties, as may admit of your taking command of your 
 regiment for a time. 
 
 Telegraph the substance of the above to the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief, so much as relates to the advisability 
 of taking measures to guard against the invasion of the 
 Doab by the Gwalior mutineers. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Major Mclntyre^ Alum Bdgh. 
 Lucknow Residency J SOih October, 1857. 
 
 I am glad to hear you are well again. I enclose 
 duplicate of a letter I wrote to Cawnpore on the 28th, 
 which will account to you for the delay in the advance 
 of the relieving force — if they should be delayed. 
 
 I am so anxious that the accompaniment to this may 
 reach safely, that I beg you will, on its receipt, hoist a 
 flag on the most conspicuous tower on the top of the 
 Alum Bagh house, and keep it flying all day, that we 
 may be sure of seeing it. I beg you will get friends to 
 prepare English versions, written out clear, of the letter 
 and its enclosure which I have addressed to the oflicer 
 commanding the relieving force (and which you will 
 find in the cossid's stick), that he may not be confused 
 by the cramped hand and Greek character in which 
 they are written. I have promised the bearer 200 rupees 
 if he deliver this safe. Of course, keep the documents 
 till the arrival of the relieving force. We must not 
 risk them by sending them to Cawnpore. 
 
 Can you send us any home newspaper of last mail, or 
 
362 
 
 late Calcutta papers noticing our proceedings ? I would 
 not risk letters ; but they sometimes manage to bring 
 papers, &c., concealed in bundles of grass. 
 
 I wrote you on the 26th, but as the bearer has not 
 returned, I send duplicate. If you have any oppor- 
 tunity of writing to Cawnpore before the relieving 
 column leaves, urge that persons be sent with it who 
 are well acquainted with the Martiniere. 
 
 (Enclosure to the above.) 
 
 To the Officer Commanding the Relieving Force. 
 
 [Along with the following important and deeply interesting 
 letter, Sir James Outram forwarded a plan of the ground inter- 
 vening between the Alum Bagh and the Residency, together 
 with minute descriptions of every position and building capable 
 of being held by the enemy. The plan was based on the sur- 
 veys made by the late Captain Morrison prior to the outbreak, 
 the only surveys that had been made of Lncknow. The copy of 
 this plan, which will be found at the end of the volume, should be 
 consulted in the perusal of the following letter. It is Plan No. I.] 
 
 My communication of the 14th instant informed you 
 I consider your first operation should be the occupation 
 of the "Dil Khoosha" house and park, by a direct 
 movement to that place from the Alum Bagh. The 
 Fort of Jellalabad, which is situated a mile or a mile 
 and a half to the right of that route, is said to be occu- 
 pied by the enemy, with two guns ; but it is too distant 
 to interrupt that line of communication, and it is not 
 likely to be maintained after the Dil Khoosha, in addition 
 to Alum Bagh, has been occupied in its rear. I think 
 it hardly worth while, therefore, to waste time against 
 that place, which at the commencement of the outbreak 
 was little capable of defence, and is not likely since to 
 have been repaired or stored sufficiently to admit of its 
 
363 
 
 retention. The guns now there appear to have been 
 sent merely to interrupt the forage parties from Alum 
 Bagh. (A description of Jellalabad, as it was just 
 before the outbreak, is appended.) Yet it will be 
 prudent, in afterwards communicating with Alum Bagh, 
 to afford strong escort until it is known whether or not 
 Jellalabad is evacuated. 
 
 The direct advance from Alum Bagh via Char Bagh, 
 and the main street marked (1) (1) (1) on the plan, 
 should not be attempted, very formidable opposition 
 being prepared on the other side of the Char Bagh 
 bridge, the bridge itself being destroyed, and the passage 
 strongly fortified ; besides which there are two miles of 
 street to pass through, in which every means of obstruc- 
 tion have been prepared, the houses loopholed, and guns 
 in position at various points, with ditches, mines, and 
 other obstacles. For the same reason I would depre- 
 cate any attempt to force the street which runs from 
 the junction of the Dil Khoosha and Martiniere roads 
 to the Kaiser Bagh, marked (2) (2) (2). 
 
 At Dil Khoosha, it is stated, there are at present only 
 some Rajwarra matchlockmen, with cavalry at Beebeea- 
 pore village perhaps, and at the Martiniere ; but these 
 are almost certain to decamp when you approach, and 
 may perhaps suffer considerably ere they get across the 
 canal, if followed up sharply by cavalry and horse 
 artillery. Two guns were said to be at Dil Khoosha some 
 days ago, probably those now at Jellalabad. If still 
 there, they would have to be abandoned ere they could 
 be crossed over the canal, if followed up. 
 
 It is possible that some of the so-called Regular In- 
 fantry may be sent over to the Dil Khoosha when they 
 hear of your approach. If so, they will but add to their 
 own confusion and panic flight when you attack, for 
 never by any chance do they stand in the open. Two 
 
364 
 
 regiments of infantry and one of cavalry, sent out to 
 oppose Major Barston's convoy, fled at his approach 
 without firing a shot ; and on every occasion where 
 whole hosts of them were opposed to ourselves it was 
 j ust the same. The Dil Khoosha palace cannot be main- 
 tained under fire of our artillery, having large windows 
 on every side. If any force of the enemy is assembled 
 there, they must sufffer awfully from your guns in escaping 
 across the canal. Or should they fly to the Martiniere, 
 they will be in a similar predicament when you follow 
 them up. 
 
 On seeing the Dil Khoosha occupied by your troops, 
 the enemy would most probably evacuate the Martiniere. 
 After lodging your baggage in the garden to the rear of, 
 and commanded by, the Dil Khoosha house (and sur- 
 rounded by walls without houses, something like Alum 
 Bagh, and easily defensible), you would proceed against 
 the Martiniere through the road marked (3) (3) (3). 
 But it would be well, ere getting within musket range 
 of the building, to throw a few shells and round shot into 
 it, in case it should be occupied by the enemy, whose 
 fire from the terraced roof might cause much loss ere 
 you get near enough to rush up and blow open doors for 
 entry. It would be well for you to have some one with 
 you well acquainted with the Martiniere building. 
 And it may be a matter for your consideration whether 
 it would not be better, if the place appears strongly 
 fortified, to mask it by encamping your troops between 
 the road (3) (3) and the canal, contenting yourself by 
 bombarding the Martiniere during the day and night, 
 which will almost ensure its evacuation before morning. 
 The mound marked (4)* would be a favourable site for 
 
 * Sir J. Outram afterwards availed himself of this mound to plant a 
 24-pounder battery of the Shannon Brigade, which effectually kept down the 
 enemy's fire opened on the rear division under his command, when he finally 
 retired to the Alum Bagh. 
 
365 
 
 a 24-pounder battery, which would command the oppo- 
 site bank of the canal, where you purpose effecting your 
 passage to protect the sappers in making a road for 
 your guns. 
 
 It is possible the bridge leading to the Martiniere 
 may not be destroyed, and that you may prefer advancing 
 over it. But, on reconnoitring, you will, I believe, find 
 places where the cannal may be crossed without much 
 difiiculty farther down, towards (6), which would enable 
 you to turn any defensive works the enemy may prepare 
 on the main road (2) (2) (2). If you cross the bridge, 
 therefore, I would recommend your turning to the 
 right after passing it, and making your way through 
 the" mud huts (indicated by the brown colour on the 
 plan) until you get into the road running from (6) to 
 ( W) ( W) (W) — W denotes some deserted and destroyed 
 infantry lines, — leaving the houses, marked D D D, on 
 your left, and thus making your way into the road (7) (7), 
 which passes the open front of the enclosure in which 
 the barracks are situated. Should the barrack build- 
 ings be occupied (they were precipitately abandoned 
 when w^e advanced from the same quarter), it may be 
 prudent to throw a few shot and shell ere the infantry 
 advances to the attack. Having large doors, open on 
 both sides, as is customary in European barracks in 
 India, I anticipate little difficulty in your effecting 
 an entry. Staircases lead to the terrace roof from the 
 interior of the centre room. The terrace is considerably 
 raised above, and therefore commands, the houses of 
 the Huzrutgunge, and a few rifles placed there could 
 keep down any musketry fire from thence (Huzrutgunge), 
 which alone could disturb the party left in occupation 
 of the barracks when you advance farther. But it 
 would be necessary to throw up a parapet of sand-bags, 
 or screens of shutters, to protect the riflemen on the 
 
366 
 
 roof, as it has no parapet. The south wall of the 
 enclosure is, however, sufficiently high to afford some 
 protection against direct fire. 
 
 Should you cross by the bridge, your whole force 
 would, I presume, come that way. And your next 
 operation, after leaving an adequate guard for the 
 barracks (say 300 or 400 infantry, some cavalry, and 
 a couple of guns ; or, probably, you might secure a 
 gun, or two guns, which the enemy are said to have 
 there), would be to proceed by the road (7) (7) to the 
 Secundra Bagh (G), which, if held, could easily be 
 breached by 24- or 18-pounders — the wall being only 
 about 2^ feet thick — vide enclosed description.* It 
 is said to be occupied by Maun Sing, with some 
 200 or 300 Kajwarras and two guns; the former are 
 pretty sure to bolt when your guns open upon the place, 
 and two or three shells are thrown into it. 
 
 If you cross the canal at (6), the main body of your 
 force should proceed by the road from (6) to (W). A 
 regiment and portion of artillery might, perhaps, make 
 their way by the road which leads direct to the Secundra 
 Bagh (8) (8) ; but as it is not well defined, it may 
 be more prudent to keep all together till you occupy 
 the barracks, f 
 
 Should you have met with opposition, or been delayed 
 much in crossing the canal, the day will be pretty far 
 advanced ere you have occupied the barracks and 
 
 * The Commander-in-Chief's force met with serious opposition at the Secundra 
 Bagh, owing to their having approached it by a cross-road from the rear, whence 
 their breaching guns could not be brought up until the troops had been exposed 
 for some time to a heavy fire. Had they come by the broad pucka road lead- 
 ing from the barracks, as suggested, their heavy guns could have opened upon 
 the place while the infantry remained out of musketry fire. A practicable breach 
 would then have been made, or the shelling would have driven the enemy out. 
 As it was, however, the occupants, greatly more numerous than reported, had 
 no means of egress, and were destroyed to a man ; but our own troops also sufiered 
 severely in taking the place. 
 
 f Neither the roads (7) (7) or (8) (8) were followed by Sir Colin Campbell's 
 force which was taken by a more circuitous and intricate road than either, and 
 sufiered greatly before its guns could be brought to the front. 
 
367 
 
 Secundra Bagh. These might be the limit of your 
 operation that day — encamping your force between, and 
 a little in advance of, those two points, with its right 
 rear on Secundra Bagh, and the barracks on its left 
 rear — thus obtaining a tolerably open plain to encamp 
 on, with almost clear space in front, from which your 
 guns would play upon the buildings which still inter- 
 vene between your camp and our position, namely, 
 the Shah Nujjif (H), Motee Mahal (K), Mess-house 
 (M), and Tara Kottee (N), which, if held, might be 
 bombarded from both our positions prior to commencing 
 combined operations next morning. You would then 
 decide on the garrisons to occupy the barracks and 
 Secundra Bagh, to maintain communication with Dil 
 Khoosha, where your baggage would, I trust, be secure 
 in the garden, protected by 200 men occupying the 
 house, and a couple of guns. About the same strength 
 (with convalescents) would suffice for Alum Bagh, 
 aided by the enemy's guns we have there. And, per- 
 haps, two of our own guns, supported by 100 riflemen, 
 would hold the Martiniere, with a small body of cavalry 
 to command the plain down to the canal. A strong 
 picquet also should be placed in the nearest huts to the 
 road by which you cross the canal. You would, per- 
 haps, occupy the houses D D also, as further security 
 for your communications.* Another point to which you 
 should turn your attention while delayed in breaching the 
 Secundra Bagh is the destruction of the bridge of boats 
 some few hundred yards thence. f If a troop of horse 
 artillery and cavalry are sent off rapidly to any point com- 
 manding the boats, many men would be destroyed with 
 
 * All this was carried out, with the exception that the barracks and the 
 houses D D were refused in the advance to the Secundra Bagh, and had, thei-e- 
 fore, to be taken afterwards, and (it is believed) at a greater loss than had they 
 been assailed in the first instance. 
 
 t The enemy's leaders themselves caused the bridge to be broken up to pre- 
 vent the flight of their followers. 
 
368 
 
 the boats that would be sunk by your guns ; and the 
 destruction of the boats will prevent the enemy's force 
 on the other side of the Goomtee coming over to molest 
 you at night. 
 
 The signal that you are crossing the canal will be 
 my notice to spring certain mines, and storm the posts 
 now held by the enemy in my immediate front (9) (9) ; 
 and once in possession of these, I shall open my guns 
 on the buildings above mentioned, and endeavour, also, 
 to silence the fire of the Kaiser Bagh, which com- 
 mands the open space betwen us, to favour our junction 
 next morning* when our united batteries could be 
 turned upon the Kaiser Bagh. And they would, I 
 hope, in a day or two, effect its capture, which is 
 necessary to ensure the entire submission of the city. 
 
 It only remains to suggest a code of signals by which 
 we may understand your movements. 
 
 (1.) A salvo of four or more guns, fired three times 
 at five minutes' interval, at 2 p.m. on the day you reach 
 Alum Bagh, to let us know you have arrived there. 
 (2.) A similar signal to be fired at 2 p.m., on the day 
 before you advance to the Dil Khoosha house. (3.) 
 On occupying the Dil Khoosha, display a regimental 
 colour from the roof. (4.) Also the same on obtaining 
 the Martiniere, which we will answer by a colour on 
 the top of the Chutter Munzil (10). 
 
 As it may occupy a longer time than I anticipate to 
 make your arrangements at Dil Khoosha, and to cut 
 your road for guns to cross the canal, &c., on the even- 
 ing before you cross the canal, hoist two colours on the 
 
 * This -was done. Sir James Outram's troops stormed and took the buildings 
 (9) (9) on the day Sir Colin took the Secundra Bagh. Sir James then opened 
 his batteries on the ]Mess -house, Kaiser Bagh, &c., exactly as here proposed, 
 until the junction was efTected; and the Kaiser Bagh could have soon after been 
 taken, had it not been determined to withdraw our forces for a time. — {See the 
 Despatches of General Havelock, Brigadier Eyre^ Colonel Napier, ^-c, in reference 
 to these operations.') 
 
369 
 
 top of the Dil Khooslia, one above the other, that we 
 may be prepared to spring our mines when you advance 
 next morning. 
 
 You will, I suppose, leave all heavy baggage at Alum 
 Bagh, bringing only light carts, elephants, camels, and 
 pony or bullock carriages, to the Dil Khoosha. But I beg 
 you will bring the kits of the European troops here ; 
 for the cold weather is coming on, and they have neither 
 great coats nor bedding. 
 
 When you advance from the Dil Khoosha, I hope 
 you will be able to bring on with you a few days' supply 
 of rum, tobacco, and tea, for the Europeans (who have 
 been so long without these luxuries), and gram for our 
 horses. Other supplies, which are less pressing, we 
 can obtain when an escort can go back to the Dil 
 Khoosha for more. Those which I have specified could 
 come with you on elephants or camels, to be pushed on 
 to the garrison the moment we effect a junction. We 
 cannot rely on the resources of the city being opened 
 to us until we secure the Kaiser Bagh, which may 
 occupy some days. Until then, we must rely on sharing 
 your supplies. 
 
 I think it most probable the enemy will abandon his 
 positions between the Dil Khoosha and this place, when 
 you cross the canal, in dread of being caught between 
 two fires.* 
 
 In that case our junction will be effected on the same 
 day you cross the canal ; but it will be equally neces- 
 sary to occupy the intermediate positions I have indi- 
 cated, in order to secure our communication with the 
 Dil Khoosha. The enemy's bridge of boats must be 
 destroyed to prevent their getting to your rear. 
 
 So far as we learn, the enemy have, between the Dil 
 
 * This they probably would have done, had not their egress from Secundra 
 Bagh been cut off by approaching it from the rear. 
 
 24 
 
370 
 
 Khoosha and this place, one gun in a " mbrcha," at the 
 junction of the Dil Khoosha and Martini ere roads, two 
 guns at the barracks, and two guns at the Secundra 
 Bagh, which are all that could be brought within a day 
 or two to oppose your passage across the canal. Other 
 guns are directed against this position from the Kaiser 
 Bagh, and at (9) (9), but they are not likely to be 
 withdrawn for other work ; and there are four or five 
 heavy guns on the other side of the Goomtee which it 
 W'Ould take some time to get over ; and they are not 
 likely to be removed, as they play upon our position : 
 these will be cut off when you destroy the bridge of 
 boats. 
 
 If you delay crossing the canal more than a day after 
 occupying the Dil Khoosha, two or three other guns may 
 perhaps be brought, which now guard the main street 
 leading from the Char Bagh ; but they have great diffi- 
 culty in moving their guns, as they are so badly mounted. 
 
 I would recommend your bringing on the 24-pounders 
 and 8-inch howitzers from Alum Bagh, and at least 
 two of the 9-pounders now there. (If the enemy's cap- 
 tured guns will suffice for the defence of that post, bring 
 all ours.) Also plenty of ammunition, for the big guns 
 especially ; powder for explosive purposes ; and mining- 
 tools. I send descriptions of all the buildings that may 
 be occupied by the enemy between us and the Dil 
 Khoosha. 
 
 [The reproduction of these descriptions has been deemed 
 superfluous.] 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Major Mclntyre, Alum Bagh. 
 Lucknow Residency, ^\st October, 1857- 
 The flag at the top of your house proclaims, I pre- 
 sume, that you received my despatches concealed in a 
 bamboo stick, which I sent off during the night. 
 
371 
 
 I hope you found the plan as well as the despatches, 
 by splitting up the whole of the bamboo. But it is 
 now reported that there are two flags shown by you — 
 one above the other — which I can only interpret as 
 indicating that the relieving force has already reached 
 you. This is just possible, as the Delhi column was 
 expected at Cawnpore on the 26th (my last communi- 
 cation from that place was dated the 25th). If so, it is 
 sooner than I expected, supposing as I did that it 
 would be detained to oppose the Gwalior rebels ; and 
 sooner than I now wish ; for certain mines that I am 
 preparing cannot be ready for a week or ten days ; and 
 I require to explode these ere I can move out to co- 
 operate with the relieving column. 
 
 The delay is desirable, also, to increase the strength 
 of the column as much as possible by the additional 
 European troops closing daily up to Cawnpore. 
 
 The stronger the column is the better able it will be 
 to afibrd garrisons for Alum Bagh, Dil Khoosha, and 
 Martiniere, ere it reaches the canal ; and to furnish the 
 various detachments afterwards required to maintain 
 the positions necessary to secure our communications 
 with the Dil Khoosha after its junction with us. At 
 the lowest computation these drafts will diminish the 
 strength of the column by at least 1,200 infantry, besides 
 cavalry and guns ; and could more men be spared, it 
 might be prudent perhaps to garrison the Dil Khoosha 
 (having to protect the baggage and stores, &c.) by more 
 than the 200 men and two guns, and cavalry, as I have 
 suggested. 
 
 If, therefore, the column has arrived at Alum Bagh, 
 I would beg the commanding oflicer to wait there till 
 further orders, and more troops join him from Cawn- 
 pore ; where you should send copy of this express to 
 Brigadier Wilson, with my request that he pushes on 
 24—2 
 
3/2 
 
 to Alum Bagh all further troops as they arrive, or such 
 detachments as can conveniently be spared beyond the 
 350 required for his own garrison, if he is not seriously 
 tlireatenedfrom any quarter. As the column would be 
 detained so long at Alum Bagh, it might be advan- 
 tageously occupied in driving the enemy from Jellalabad, 
 which I should think might be done by the mere ap- 
 pearance of a strong detachment before the place, and 
 throwingf a few shells into it. And I trust no tedious 
 siege operations would, under any circumstances, be 
 required. 
 
 The column, when it does advance, should be well 
 supplied with ammunition, especially for the large guns, 
 and shot and shell ; for we may have a good deal of 
 bombardment work after our junction ; also abundance 
 of powder for explosive purposes. All food supplies 
 should be brought on to the Dil Khoosha — except 
 what may be required for the Alum Bagh garrison — to 
 save us from the necessity of detaching escorts. 
 
 We cannot calculate on obtaining anything from the 
 city for some days after the column joins, as perhaps 
 the place I indicated in my yesterday's letter may have 
 to be got hold of first.* But your heavy carts had 
 perhaps better be left at Alum Bagh, as there is no made 
 road to the Dil Khoosha. 
 
 If there is a long string of baggage, the rear-guard 
 should be strong, even though the enemy are not likely 
 to venture an attack in the open country between Alum 
 Bagh and Dil Khoosha. 
 
 Please send our private carriage, kit, and servants 
 with the column. 
 
 Should the column not have arrived, oblige me by 
 forwarding copy of this to Brigadier Wilson, with a 
 
 The Kaiser Bagh. 
 
373 
 
 request that he will consider it addressed to himself, 
 i. e. so far as Cawnpore arrangements are concerned. 
 
 I enclose a plan for telegraphic communication ; your 
 share of which Sibley will, I hope, be able to construct, 
 as I know he is a great mechanic. Ours will, I hope, 
 be ready in a couple of days, and you will be able to 
 make it out from the top of your house. A second set 
 of apparatus should be got ready to send with the 
 relieving column, for the purpose of being placed on the 
 top of the Martiniere. 
 
 The evening before the day on w^hich we purpose 
 telegraphing to you, a bonfire will be lit on the highest 
 point of our position (the Kesidency roof), to enable you 
 to know exactly our whereabouts. A similar illumina- 
 tion on the top of the Alum Bagh will be proof to us 
 that our signal has succeeded. 
 
 We shall signal at twelve, noon, of each day, the 
 time best suited ; for the enemy annoy us least at this 
 hour, and our signallers consequently will incur less 
 danger. 
 
 Even should our sio-nals fail from vour being- too far 
 from us, still do not delay in having two sets of tele- 
 graphic apparatus prepared ; for so soon as we establish 
 one set of apparatus at the Martiniere, and yours also 
 is ready, the signals will be carried on without diffi- 
 culty. 
 
 The Private Secretary to the Governor- Ge7ieral to the 
 Officer Commanding at Cawnpore. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Fort William, 1st November, 1857. 
 
 The Governor-General wishes to know whether you have received 
 any intelligence of a sortie having been lately made from the Eesidency 
 at Lucknow into the town, in which many officers Avere killed and 
 Avounded. If so, the Governor-General requests that you will com- 
 municate the particulars to him by telegraph. 
 
 You are also requested to keep the Governor-General informed of 
 
374 
 
 any news which may reach you from Luckuow, and if Captain Bruce 
 has left Cawnpore : his Lordship will thank you to take measures for 
 tlie speedy transmission to Calcutta of any messages which may be 
 addressed to the Governor- General by Sir James Outram or others. 
 
 Brigadier Wilson to the Private Secretary to the 
 Governor- General of India. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Caivnpore, 1st November, 1857, 10.45 a.m. 
 
 By cossid from Alum Bagh, 30th October, Major Mclntyre writes 
 as follows ; — " Communication with General Outram very uncertain 
 and at long intervals. All Avell at Alum Bagh. This morning, 440 
 European Infantry and 100 Naval Brigade marched from Cawnpore to 
 join Brigadier Grant's force, which is halted one mile and a half beyond 
 Bunnee Bridge, by order of the Commander-in-Chief." I have had 
 no fresh communication with General Outram since my last telegram 
 of the 2nd instant. 
 
 The Governor- General of India in Council to the 
 Officer Commanding at Cawni^ore. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Fort William, Xst November, 1857. 
 
 I request that you will take the first opportunity that presents itself 
 of conveying to Brigadier-General Havelock my hearty congratulations 
 upon his being raised by the Queen to the honour of Knight Com- 
 mander of the Bath, and to the rank of Major-Gen eral. I beg you to 
 say that it is a very great pleasure to me to make this announcement 
 to him, and that I most cordially wish him a long enjoyment of these 
 well-earned distinctions. 
 
 Sir J. Outram to Major Mclntyre^ Alum Bagh. 
 
 Lucknoio Residency, 7th November. 
 
 I wrote a long letter to you on the 31st, which, as I 
 see no telegraph yet prepared on the top of the house, I 
 presume has miscarried. 
 
 As I have since heard from Cawnpore the probable 
 date of arrival of the relieving column, I will only reca- 
 pitulate what I said about the telegraph, and I send a 
 fresh code of signals in supersession of that previously 
 furnished (if it should happen to have turned up), and 
 repeat my general directions as follows. 
 
 \_Recapitulation of previous letter.'] 
 
375 
 
 The hour for signalizing will he from twelve to one, 
 at noon, next day ; and every succeeding day there 
 should be a look out at that hour. As we can distinctly 
 see your house, and as no signal pole has yet been erected 
 by you, I concluded that my letter has miscarried. 
 
 When your pole is up, I shall light ray beacon the 
 night we see it, and have our telegraph ready for noon, 
 next day. Should there he difficulty in making out the 
 signals at this distance, at all events the telegraph will 
 be of service after the intermediate one is erected at the 
 Martiniere. 
 
 I have requested the officer commanding the relieving 
 force to light a beacon fire on the top of the Alum 
 Bagh at 8 p.m., on the evening before advancing to 
 Dil Khoosha. To prevent mistakes, a salvo of four or 
 more guns should be fired twice. I have requested him 
 to fire a similar salvo three times (five minutes interval) 
 at 2 P.M. on the day of his arrival at Alum Bagh. 
 
 You ask me to write in the English character ; so 
 would the enemy wish me to do. As the only security 
 afi'ainst their understandinor what we write in case our 
 letters fall into their hands, the Greek character must 
 be used. 
 
 When the force advances from Alum Bagh, pray 
 oblige me by obtaining permission for my servant John 
 to bring on my carriage and kit, also for the servants 
 and kit of Colonel Napier and the officers of my staff. 
 
 The Commander '171- Chief to the Governor- General of 
 India in Council. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Cawnpore, 0th November, 1857. 
 
 I beg to inform your Lordship that I am now starting to join the 
 troops in Oude. 
 
376 
 
 Major-General Windham to the Governor- General of 
 India in Council. 
 
 (Telegrapliic.) Caicnpore, 12th November, 1857, 11.30 a.m. 
 
 Since the Commauder-iu-Chief's departure on the 9th, I have 
 forwarded troops of all arms to him, amounting to abotit 1,300 men. 
 Three companies of the 82nd went on to Alum Bagh this morning. 
 To-morroAV morning three companies of the 23rd, the Military Train, 
 and Lieutenant- Colonel Crawford's Artillery, Avill start for the same 
 place. All troops now going there go in two days. As yet I have 
 heard of nothing beyond a harmless cannonade having taken j)lace at 
 Alum Bilgh. Brigadier Carthew I expect, with his Madrassees, to- 
 morrow. I shall forward them to Bunnee if no information reach me 
 of the advance in force of the GAvalior Contingent. Captain Bruce has 
 already sent you a message as to their whereabouts this morning. 
 Should they cross in force at Calpee, I shall retain the Madras brigade 
 for the defence of this place. I have rather more than 500 Europeans 
 here, and about 50 horses, and all daily strengthening the works. 
 As soon as anything of the least importance reaches me from Lucknow, 
 your Lordship shall receive it. The Gwalior Contingent Artillery is 
 said to consist of eight heavy guns and thirty light ones. 1,200 of their 
 men and three light guns are certainly at Calpee. 
 
 Captain Bruce, for Major- General Sir J. Qutram, to 
 the Governor- General of India in Council. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Cawnpore, 12th Novemher, 1857. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief marched with his force to Alum Bagh 
 this morning. There was some innocent firing at that post yesterday. 
 His Excellency had been able to communicate with General Outram. 
 Gwalior rebels are not yet reported to have reached the Jumna. The 
 Nana's followers have crossed the Ganges into the Doab ; he himself 
 still in Oude. 
 
 Major-General Windham to the Governor- General of 
 India in Council. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Cawnpore, IZth November, 1857, 7 a.m. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief was to have advanced to Alum Bagh 
 yesterday, and begins operations in earnest to-day : every man and all 
 the stores here expected will have joined him by to-morrow. The 
 Gwalior Contingent had certainly 20 guns and above 3,000 men, at 
 Calpee, on the lltli: this we had from two different sowars yesterday. 
 In fact, another division had entered Calpee. 
 
377 
 
 Major- General Windham to the Governor- General of 
 India in Council. 
 
 (Telegi-apliic.) Ccncnpore, lAth N'ovemhev, 1857, 8 p.m. ~\ 
 
 News from Commander-in-Chief's camp at Alum Biigh, 9 a.m., 
 the 13th. After several skirmishes in the day, ending in the capture 
 of two guns, the Fort of Jellalabad Avas taken and blown up. The 
 Commander-in-Chief communicated with Sir J. Outram by means of a 
 semaphore, and will probably occupy the Dil Khoosha to-day. The 
 country people round Lucknow are hostile. 
 
 Captain Bruce to the Governor- Getieral of India in 
 
 Council. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Cawnpore, IGth November, 1857, 11 a.m. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief occupied the Dil Khoosha and the Mar- 
 tiniere after a rvmning fight of two hovu's yesterday, at noon. The 
 enemy came forward to attack at 3 p.m. ; after a struggle of an hour he 
 was beaten back, repulsed heavily. An advanced picquet having 
 cleared some villages across the canal, we took post there for the night. 
 Our loss Avas very trifling : — Lieutenant Mayne, Horse Aatillery, 
 Quartermaster-General's Department, and Lieutenant Wheatcroft, 
 Carabineers, killed. 
 
 The Governor- General of India in Council to Brigadier 
 Campbell, Allahabad. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 11th November, 1857. 
 
 Pray endeavour to send the following message to the Commander- 
 in-Chief : — 
 
 "I have received your letter of the 10th. I earnestly hope it may 
 be possible to avoid a total abandonment of Oude, and to retain a safe 
 position at some point between Lucknow and the Ganges. A complete 
 withdrawal will do us much mischief. 
 
 " I write to-day." 
 
 The Goveimor- General of India in Council to the 
 Commander-in- Chief 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, '21st November, 1857. 
 
 I congratulate you, my dear Sir Colin, with all my heart, on this 
 great and joyful success. 
 
 Pray let me know how your wound is, and do not put yourself in the 
 way of another. 
 
 You have effectually inspired your 93rd. I fear their whole loss must 
 be very gi-eat. 
 
378 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief to the Governor- Ge7ieral oj 
 India in Council. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Camp, Luchnow, 20th November, 1857, 6 p.m. 
 
 The garrison of Lucknow lias been removed, and I am now engaged 
 in carrying tlie women and wounded to the rear. I propose to move 
 the whole force to an open position oiitside the town, Avithout further 
 loss of life. Sir James Outram, on the contrary, desires that an attack 
 on the Kaiser Bugh should be made, and then to continue to hold the 
 position in the town. He thinks that two strong brigades of 600 men 
 would sviffice to hold the town after the Kaiser B;1gh had fallen. But I 
 am of opinion that at least the same force would be necessary to pre- 
 serve the communication uow mentioned by me to the Alum Bugh, and 
 constantly under the fire of the enemy — that is to say, four strong 
 brigades would be required, unless it is wished that the garrison should 
 be again besieged. 
 
 I have always been of opinion that the position taken up by the 
 lamented Sir Henry Lawrence Avas a false one ; and after becoming 
 acquainted with the ground, and worked my troops upon it to relieve 
 the garrison, that opinion is confirmed. I therefore submit, that to 
 commit another garrison in this immense city is to repeat a military 
 error, and I cannot consent to it. 
 
 I conceive that a strong moveable division outside the town, with 
 field and heavy artillery in a good military position, is the real manner 
 of holding the city of Lucknow in check, according to our practice with 
 the other great city of India. Such a division would aid in subduing 
 the country hereafter, and its position would be quite sufficient evidence 
 of our intention not to abandon the province of Oude. 
 
 Such are the general grounds for my opinion. The more special 
 ones are — the want of means, particularly infantry ; field and musket 
 ammunition for prolonged operations, owing to circumstances beyond 
 my control ; and the state of our communications in the North- West 
 Provinces. The first of these is, of course, unanswerable ; the second 
 appears to me an insuperable objection to the leaving of more troops 
 in Oude than such a division as I have mentioned, as evidence of the 
 intentions of Government. 
 
 In the meantime I await the instructions of your Lordship in the 
 position I have taken up. 
 
 Owing to the expression of opinion by the political authority in the 
 country, I have delayed further movement till I shall receive your 
 Lordship's reply. 
 
 The Governor- General of India in Council to the 
 Commander-in- Chief 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, 21st November, 1857, 3 p.m. 
 
 I have received your message of yesterday. The one step to be 
 avoided is, a total withdrawal of the British forces from Oude. 
 
 Your proposal to leave a strong moveable division, with heavy 
 artillery, outside the city, and so to hold the city in check, will answer 
 every purpose of policy. 
 
379 
 
 Major- General Windham to the Governor- General of 
 India in Council. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Caivnpore, 23rcl November, 1857, 4 p.m. 
 
 Not a word from Lucknow for three days. One-half the Gwalior 
 Contingent has crossed, and eighteen guns. The force at Shewalee has 
 moved towards Akberpore. Captain Bruce's police were attacked at 
 Bunnee the day before yesterday ; 74 killed. I sent Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Fischer, and 400 of the 27th Madras Native Infantry, and two 
 9-pounders, this morning at 3 a.m., to hold the place for the future. 
 The police having absconded after the convoy of 300 Europeans I had 
 sent, under command of Fischer, of her Majesty's 53rd, had passed to 
 Alum BtWh with ammunition. 
 
 The Commander-in- Chief to the Governor- General of 
 India in Coujicil. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Lucknow, 2ord November, 1857. 
 
 Last night I caused the garrison of Lucknow to execute its retreat 
 from the Residency, covered by the relieving force, which then fell 
 back on Dil Khoosha, in the presence of the Avhole force of Oude. The 
 women, wounded, and State prisoners, and King's treasure, and twenty- 
 three lakhs of rupees, with all the guns worth taking away, are in my 
 camp : a great many guns Avere destroyed before the Eesidency was 
 given up, those that were worth bringing having been transported with 
 much labour and made available for our own purpose. The State 
 prisoners were brought with us. 
 
 Maior-General Windham to the Governor- General of 
 India in Council. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Caivnpore, 27th November, 1857, 10 a.m. 
 
 All going on well at Alum Bagh. General Havelock died two days 
 ago. 
 
 Captain Bruce to the Governor-General of India in 
 
 Council. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Caivnpore, 21th November, 1857, 10 a.m. 
 
 I am desired by the Commander-in-Chief to transmit the following 
 to your Lordship, dated Alum Bagh, 24th November : — 
 
 " I have arrived here with all the long convoy attendant upon the 
 rescued garrison. I propose to march the day after to-morrow for 
 Bunnee, leaving Sir James Outram with a division, which will be com- 
 plete in all details except carriage." 
 
380 
 
 The Governor- General of India in Council to Brigadier 
 Inglis, Cawnpore. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Calcutta, Srd December, 1857. 
 
 I have heard of your arrival at Cawnpore with the gi-eatest pleasure, 
 and I beg you and your gallant band to accept my hearty congratula- 
 tions. I thank you for your admirable report of the 27tli September, 
 and for your letter. The report will be gazetted in time for the 
 English mail. I shall be glad if a return of casualties can arrive before 
 that, but the publication of the report shall not be delayed. 
 
 Be sure that justice shall be done by me to your truly heroic com- 
 panions and to yoiirself. 
 
 Captain Bruce to the Governor- General of India 
 in Council. 
 
 (Telegraphic.) Cawnpore, bth Decemher, 1857, 7 p.m. 
 
 The following has only just reached me, and, although his Excel- 
 lency is now in camp, the information has not been previously com- 
 municated ; therefore, I forward it to your Lordship. 
 
 From the Commander-in-Chief to the Governor- General, Camp, 
 near Alum Bagh, 26th November, 1857 : — 
 
 " I march to-morrow for Bunnee, with all the wounded, &c. I 
 leave Sir James Outram in possession, with a force, including the post 
 of Alum Bagh and Bunnee, of 4,000 men, Avith twenty-two guns, of 
 Avhich four are heavy, besides ten mortars, namely, six 8-inch and four 
 5.^-inch. If it is completed with a month's supplies and ammunition 
 of every description (and I have denuded my moveable columns of tents 
 to supply his troops, which will be in a standing camp), I think his 
 position a good one ; but I learn from him that he Avould rather have 
 it farther back, near the Ganges. Sir James will probably address 
 your Lordship on the subject. I beg only to report that your Lordship's 
 instructions have been carried out to the letter." 
 
 Here terminates the correspondence, &c., relative to the 
 relief of Lucknow. On the extrication of the garrison, in 
 November, 1857, Sir Colin Campbell redistribnted his army, 
 which then consisted of three different elements : the European 
 and native force which had served under Sir John Inglis ; the 
 force with which Generals Havelock and Outram effected the 
 first relief in September ; and that with which Sir Colin Campbell 
 succeeded in effecting the second relief in November. With the 
 main body of the redistributed army, he escorted the women 
 
381 
 
 and children, with the original garrison and the sick and wounded, 
 to Cawnpore, leaving Sir James Outram to hold the armed 
 hordes of Lucknow in check, until circumstances admitted of 
 his undertaking the recapture of that city. 
 
 Sir James Outram was engaged in the execution of this very 
 delicate and difficult duty from the 25th Novembei', 1857, till 
 the beginning of March, 1858, during which period he had to 
 conduct a copious correspondence ; but this, having reference to 
 his duties, present and prospective, in his caj)acity of Chief 
 Commissioner of Oude, he has not felt himself at liberty to 
 print, though portions of it have already been published by 
 authority of Parliament. 
 
 The active part he took in the operations which resulted in 
 the final capture of Lucknow, is sufficiently elucidated in the 
 despatches which immediately precede the correspondence. On 
 the fall of Lucknow, there devolved on him the difficult and 
 important duty of re-establishing order in that city, obtaining 
 the confidence and securing the return of its peaceable inhabi- 
 tants, and extemporizing a civil government for the province. 
 But, for reasons which the parliamentary papers have made 
 known, and which it is unnecessaiy to allude to in this place, 
 he begged to be speedily relieved of his duties as Chief Com- 
 missioner of Oude, and to be permitted to proceed to Calcutta 
 to occupy that seat in the Supreme Council of India, to which, 
 some months previously, he had been provisionally appointed by 
 the Court of Directors. On the 3rd April, therefore, he handed 
 over his office to Mr. (now Sir Robert) Montgomery, and left 
 Lucknow amidst the affisctionate and tearful farewells of the 
 whole army. 
 
 Were the editor at liberty to consult his own wishes, he would 
 in this place reproduce some of the affecting descriptions of Sir 
 James's departure from Lucknow that appeared in the Lidian 
 newspapers of that day ; but, knowing that this would not be 
 approved by Sir James himself, he abstains from doino- so. 
 The same consideration has prevented him from giving insertion 
 in this volume to the very touching testimonials of the devotion 
 with which Sir James was regarded by the regiments which 
 served under him both in Persia and Lidia, contained in a cor- 
 respondence which has been submitted to the editor, and which 
 it would doubtless gratify these regiments to have printed. 
 
382 
 
 The same considerations, liowever, do not prohibit the repro- 
 duction of those public notifications of the approbation of Sir 
 James Outram's conduct by his Sovereign, by Parliament, by 
 the late East India Company, and by the city of London ; these, 
 having been published, are now matters of history ; and the 
 omission of them would be unjust to those recipients of the 
 volume to whose devoted attachment and zealous services Sir 
 James Outram has so often declared himself indebted for the 
 honours and rewards which have crowned a life devoted to the 
 service of his country in war and diplomacy. 
 
APPENDICES. 
 
 APPENDIX A. 
 
 The Goveknor-General to Major-Geneeal Outeam, transmit- 
 ting the Resolution passed by the House of Commons on the 
 8th Fehruarif, 1858. Similar letters forivarding also the Re- 
 solutions of the House of Lords, the Hon. the Court of Directors 
 of the East India Company, and the Court of Proprietors, 
 
 Sir, Allahabad, Wth May, 1858. 
 
 It affords me the highest satisfaction to be made the 
 channel of communicating to you the copy of a Resolution 
 passed by the House of Commons on the 8th February, 1858, 
 conveying to you, among other distinguished officers, the thanks 
 of the House, for the eminent skill, courage, and perseverance 
 with which you have contributed to the achievement of many 
 and important triumphs over the numerous bodies of mutineers 
 and others who have defied the authority and opposed the 
 troops of the British Government in India. 
 
 It would ill become me to add anything beyond the expression 
 of my cordial congratulations to the honourable testimony of 
 approbation which your valuable services have received at the 
 hands of the House of Commons. 
 
 I have the honour to be, &c., 
 
 To Major-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B. 
 
 Canning. 
 
 House of Lords. — February 8, 1858. 
 
 Resolved, Nemine Dissentiente, by the Lords Spiritual and 
 Temporal in Parliament assembled : 
 
 That the thanks of this House be given to His Excellency 
 General Sir Colin Campbell, G.C.B., Commander-in-Chief in 
 India ; Major-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B. ; Major- 
 General Sir Archdale Wilson, Baronet, K.C.B. ; and Major- 
 General John Eardley Wilmot Inglis, K.C.B. ; for the eminent 
 skill, courage, and perseverance displayed by them in the 
 achievement of so many and such important triumphs over 
 numerous bodies of the mutineers. 
 
384 
 
 Ordered by the Lords Spiritual and Temporal in Parliament 
 
 assembled : 
 That the said Resolutions be transmitted by the Lord Chan- 
 cellor to the Governor-General of India, and that His Lordship 
 be requested to communicate the same to the several Governors, 
 Commissioners, and Officers referred to therein. 
 
 John George Shaw Lefeyre, Clerk Parliamentorum. 
 
 March 16, 1858. 
 
 Resolved, Nemine Dissentiente, hij the Lords Spiritual and Tem- 
 poral in Parliament assembled : — That a copy of Resolution IL, 
 dated 8th February, shall be presented to His Excellency 
 General Sir Colin Campbell, G.C.B., Major-General Sir James 
 Outram, G.C.B., Major-General Sir A. Wilson, Baronet, K.C.B., 
 and Major-General Sir J. E. W. Inglis, K.C.B. 
 
 House of Commons. — February 8, 1858. 
 
 Resolved, Nemine Contradicente : — That the thanks of this 
 House be given to His Excellency General Sir Colin Campbell, 
 G.C.B., Commander-in-Chief in Lidia ; Major-General Sir James 
 Outram, G.C.B. ; Major-General Sir Archdale Wilson, Baronet, 
 K.C.B.; and Major-General John Eardley Wilmot Liglis, K.C.B. ; 
 for the eminent skill, courage, and perseverance displayed by 
 them in the achievement of so many and such important triumphs 
 over numerous bodies of the mutineers. 
 
 Ordered,— That the said Resolutions be transmitted by Mr. 
 Speaker to the Governor-General of Lidia, and that His Lord- 
 ship be requested to communicate the same to the several officers 
 referred to therein. 
 
 Denis Le Marchant, CI. Dam. Com. 
 
 At a Court of Directors, held on Wednesday, the 10th 
 February, 1858. 
 
 Resolved, Nemine Contradicente: — That the thanks of this 
 Court be given to His Excellency General Sir Colin Campbell, 
 G.C.B., Commander-in-Chief in Lidia; Major-General Sir 
 James Outram, G.C.B. ; Major-General Sir Archdale Wilson, 
 
385 
 
 Bart., K.C.B. ; and Major-General Sir John Eardley Wilmot 
 Inglis, K.C.B. ; for the eminent skill, courage, and perseverance, 
 displayed by them in the achievement of so many and such im- 
 portant triumphs over numerous bodies of the mutineers. 
 
 At a General Court of the East India Company, held on 
 Wednesday, the 17th February, 1858. 
 
 Resolved,' — That the thanks of this Court be given to His 
 Excellency General Sir Colin Campbell, G.C.B., Commander- 
 in-Chief in India ; Major-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B. ; 
 Major-General Sir Archdale Wilson, Bart., K.C.B. ; Major- 
 General Sir John Eardley Wilmot Inglis, K.C.B. ; and Captain 
 Sir William Peel, R.N., K.C.B. ; for the eminent skill, courage, 
 and perseverance displayed by them in the achievement of so 
 many and such important triumphs over numerous bodies of the 
 mutineers. 
 
 We are, &c., 
 Ross D. Mangles, F. Currie, and nine others. 
 
 London,''24th February, 1858. 
 
 GOVERNOR-GENERAL.— GAZETTE EXTRA- 
 ORDINARY. 
 
 Allahabad, I5th May, 1858. 
 
 ^ No. 143o/1858.— TheRightHonourablethe Governor-General 
 directs the publication of the two following despatches from the 
 Honourable the Court of Du-ectors, with the greatest satisfaction. 
 
 It will be seen that the Honourable Court fully approve and 
 support the recommendation in respect of prize, Avhich the 
 Governor-General in Council has made in favour of the gallant 
 troops composing the Field Force by whicli Delhi was cap- 
 tured. 
 
 It Avill also be seen that in respect of batta, the grant'of six 
 months' batta which has been already awarded by the Governor- 
 General in Council, and beyond which the authority of the 
 Government of India does not extend, has been increased by 
 the Honourable Court to a grant of batta for twelve months, in 
 favour of the Delhi Field Force and of the original garrison of 
 Lucknow. 
 
 The Honourable Court have further ordered a donation of six 
 25 
 
386 
 
 iiiontlis' batta to be given to all those belonging to, or accom- 
 panying, the force under Major-General Sir H. Havelock, 
 which entered the Residency on the 25th of September last. 
 
 R. J. H. BiECH, Colonel, 
 Sec. to the Gov. of India, Mil. Dep., loith the Gov.-Gen. 
 
 Military Department. — No. 84 of 1858. 
 Our Governor-General of India in Council. 
 
 1. We have taken into our consideration the communications 
 made in your military letters dated on the lOtli December, 1857, 
 and 3rd January, 1858, relating to the property captured at 
 Delhi ; and announcing the grant to the troops composing the 
 Field Force employed against that city, of a donation of six 
 months' batta in recognition of their services. 
 
 2. We most cordially unite with you in expressing the highest 
 appreciation of the claims of the troops comprising the Field 
 Force, by which, as observed by you, " Delhi has been nobly 
 wrested from the hands of the mutineers and rebels; and by 
 whose gallantry, signal punishment has been inflicted on the 
 insurgents there." The grant of six months' batta to all the 
 troops engaged in the operations against that city, as a donation 
 in recognition of their services, has our approval. 
 
 3. We concur in the views announced in your General Order 
 of the 27th November, 1857, on the question of claims on the 
 part of the troops to have granted to them, as prize, the property 
 iDelonging to the State, and that belonging to private individuals, 
 recovered from the mutineers. We also fully approve of your 
 recommendation, that property taken by the troops which is 
 neither claimed on behalf of the State, nor claimed and identified 
 by individuals who may establish their loyalty, should be con- 
 sidered to be prize. We shall, accordingly, as soon as we are 
 informed by you of the necessary particulars, make application 
 to the Crown, in the usual form, praying a royal graiit of the 
 same as prize. 
 
 4. We are further of opinion, that the troops are entitled to 
 a special grant on account of the value of the stores and other 
 property recovered by them on behalf of the State, and on behalf 
 of private individuals who may establish their loyalty and iden- 
 tify their property ; and we have now to announce to you that 
 we have resolved to grant to the troops on this account, an 
 additional donation of six months' fiill batta. 
 
 5. We trust that no time will be lost in sending us full 
 particulars of the captures which we now propose to recognize 
 as booty of war. 
 
387 
 
 6. The whole of the despatches and orders relating to these 
 important operations, have been published in the London Gazette. 
 We are, &c., 
 
 Ross D. Mangles, F. Currie, and eight others. 
 London, Z\st March, 1858. 
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 
 General Orders hij the Hon. the President of the Council of India 
 
 in Council. 
 
 Fort William, 20th August, 1858. 
 No. 1,218 of 1858. — The following extract from the London 
 Gazette, of the 16th July, 1858, is published for general informa- 
 tion : — 
 
 General Order. 
 War Office, Pall Mall, leth July, 1858. 
 
 Horse Guards, \&th July, 1858. 
 In consideration of the eminent services of Major-General 
 Sir James Outram, G.C.B., of the East India Company's Ser- 
 vice, in the recent operations in India, Her Majesty has been 
 graciously pleased to command that he be promoted to the rank 
 of Lieutenant-General. 
 
 By order of his Royal Highness the General Commanding-in- 
 Chief. 
 
 G. A. Wetherall, Adjutant- General 
 
 Brevet. 
 
 Major-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., of the service of 
 the East India Company, to be Lieutenant-General in the army, 
 dated 16th July, 1858. 
 
 F. D. Atkinson, Major, 
 Offiicg. Sec. to the Gov. of India, in the Mil. Dep. 
 
 From the "London Gazette," 12Tn October. 
 
 Whitehall, 9th October. 
 The Queen has been pleased to direct letters patent to be 
 passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a baronet 
 25—2 
 
388 
 
 of tlie United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto Sir 
 James Outranij G.C.B., Lieutenant-General of her Majesty's 
 Indian Forces, and member of the Comicil of the Governor- 
 General of India, and to the heirs male of his body lawfully 
 begotten. 
 
 APPENDIX C. 
 
 C. Beadon, Esq., Sec. to the Gov. of India, to Lieutenant- 
 General the Hon. Sir J. Outram, G.C.B. 
 
 Bated Council Chamber, 2lst Sept. 1858. 
 Hon. Sir, — I am directed by the Honourable the President in 
 Council to transmit for your information, the accompanying 
 extract, para. 2, of a Despatch No. 109, dated 4th August, 1858, 
 from the Hon. the Court of Directors. 
 
 I have the honour to be, &c., 
 
 C. Beadon, Sec. to the Gov. of India. 
 
 Extract from a Despatch from the Hon. the Court of Directors, 
 No. 109 of 1858, dated 4th August. 
 
 2. We have also great satisfaction in forwarding to you, for com- 
 munication to Lieutenant-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B. , 
 the following Resolutions of the Court of Directors, and of the 
 General Court of Proprietors, which have likewise been approved 
 and confirmed by the Right Hon. the Board of Commissioners 
 for the Aftairs of India, vi~. : — 
 
 " At a Court of Directors held on Wednesday, 9th June, 1858. 
 
 " Resolved unanimously. That as a special mark of the high 
 sense entertained by the East India Company of the services 
 of Major-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., in the course 
 of his long and brilliant career, and more particularly those 
 connected with the memorable defence of the Residency at 
 Lucknow, the occupation and defence of the important post of 
 Alum Bagh, and the final conquest of Lucknow under the 
 command of General Sir Colin Campbell, G.C.B. ; and with 
 the view of enabling him to maintain the dignity of a Baronet 
 wliich Her Majesty has been graciously pleased to confer upon 
 him, Sir James Outram be granted an annuity of £1,000 
 for the term of his natural life, commencing from the date 
 
389 
 
 of the final occupation of Lucknow, subject to tlie approval 
 of the General Court of Proprietors, and to the approval and 
 confirmation of the Board of Commissioners for the Affairs 
 of India." 
 
 " At a General Court of the East India Company held on 
 Wednesday, 23rd June, 1858. 
 
 " Resolved, That this Court approve the unanimous Resolution 
 of the Court of Directors, of the 9th instant, ^-ranting, upon the 
 grounds therein stated, to Major-General Sir James Outram, 
 G.C.B., an annuity of one thousand pounds (£1,000), subject 
 to the confirmation of another General Court. 
 
 " At a General Court of the East India Company held on 
 Wednesday, 7tli July, 1858. 
 
 " Resolved, That this Court confirm the Resolution of the 23rd 
 ultimo approving the Resolution of the Court of Directors of 
 the 9th ultimo, granting upon the grounds therein stated, 
 an annuity of one thousand pounds (£1,000) to Major-General 
 Sir James Outram, G.C.B., to commence from the date of 
 the final occupation of Lucknow. 
 
 " Resolved, That the annuity of £1,000 granted to Major- 
 General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., be continued to his eldest 
 son." 
 
 (A true extract.) 
 
 C. Beacon, Sec. to the Gov. of India. 
 
 APPENDIX D. 
 
 EXTRACTS from Speeches in Parliament ( as reported in 
 " Hansard") relating to the Indian Campaign. 
 
 House of Lords. — December 3, 1857. 
 
 Lord Carew. — Of General Havelock it is needless to speak. 
 His achievements are too well known to your Lordships and 
 to the country to require any mention of mine. I can only 
 express a hope that he and the gallant Outram will reap the 
 reward of their glorious efforts, and that they, as Avell as the 
 garrison for whose succour they so nobly struggled, together 
 with its gallant commander, are now enjoying that repose which 
 their labours and their patient endurance so well deserve. I 
 trust that no mischance has befallen them. The country looks 
 out with the utmost anxiety for the next mail from India, which 
 we hope will bring us the account that they are at length 
 placed in safety. Our army there has been left in a state of 
 
390 
 
 extreme peril. For some time the communications between 
 difterent portions of it have been altogether broken oflP. They have 
 l^een sm-romided, and there is no means of communication between 
 the portion which is at Allahabad and the portion which is at 
 Lucknow. They are not only separated, but they are sur- 
 rounded by an overwhelming force, and I earnestly trust that 
 the forces which have been despatched to their relief may not 
 arrive too late to effect that object. If India has been saved, 
 the work has been wrought by means of the gallantry and 
 perseverance of her military force. With their own brave 
 hearts, their own strong right hands, and their trusty swords,, 
 they have won their way and acted well their part. With all 
 my heart I wish that the praise to which they are entitled may 
 not be grudgingly bestowed upon them, and that they may 
 receive at the hands of their country the rewards which they 
 so justly merit. 
 
 House of Commons. — December 3, 1857. 
 
 Mr. C. W. Martyn. — Need I point to the gallantry with 
 which, in another part of the country. Sir Henry Havelock, 
 alternately advancing and retreating, with daring only equalled 
 by his judgment, until he had attained his desired object of 
 throwing relief into beleaguered Lucknow, had gained im- 
 perishable laurels ? Who has not admired the self-devotion 
 and chivalrous feehng with which Sir James Outram, though 
 the senior commanding officer, consented or rather offered to 
 accompany General Havelock in his civil capacity until he 
 perfected this great achievement. 
 
 House of Commons. — December 8, 1857. 
 
 Viscount Palmerston. — In recording the exertions of Sir 
 Henry Havelock, we must not forget the chivalrous conduct 
 of Sir James Outram. That gallant officer, when he joined the 
 force under Sir Hemy Havelock, might from his superior 
 military rank have assumed the command, but Avith that delicacy 
 of feeling which is ever the concomitant of true courage, he 
 nobly abstained from doing so, and placed himself as a volunteer 
 under the orders of General Havelock, because he thought that 
 the man who had gone through such difficulties and dangers, 
 and who had made such great exertions to relieve Lucknow, 
 ought not to be deprived, by the arrival of a superior officer, 
 of an atom of glory, but that he ought to be left to finish that 
 which he had so well begun. 
 
391 
 
 Sir John Pakington. — I am glad that the noble Lord has 
 done justice to the great and generous conduct of Sir James 
 Outram. There never was an incident more honourable to a 
 British officer or more clearly showing that generosity which 
 so much becomes the soldier, than the order of the day issued by 
 that distinguished man, which we have lately had the ])leasure 
 of reading. When Sir James Outram arrived at General Havc- 
 lock's position, he had, as senior officer, a right to claim the 
 command, but he did not wish that General Havelock should 
 be interrupted in his heroic career, and therefore he relinquished 
 the command of the force which relieved Lucknow. Let it 
 be our earnest hope and prayer that the next intelligence we 
 receive from India may confirm our expectation of the safety 
 of that gallant band, and inform us that General Havelock has 
 entirely succeeded in his great object, and that the garrison of 
 Lucknow is entirely relieved from the imminent danger which 
 at present seems to surround it. 
 
 Admiral Walcott. — Indeed, he knew not which most to 
 admire — the rapid marches and glorious victories of General 
 Havelock ; the magnanimous self-denial of General Outram, 
 who scorned to deck his own brow with the laurels due to his 
 comrade ; or the siege, assault, and capture of Delhi, in all 
 of which the same bravery, the same sublime heroism, were 
 displayed. 
 
 House of Lords. — December 8, 1857. 
 
 Earl Granville. — These reinforcements he received under 
 the command of General Outram, who, I must remind the 
 House, following the distinguished example of the late Com- 
 mander-in-Chief, Lord Hardinge, in the Sikh campaign, most 
 chivalrously and honourably to himself, confined himself to his 
 ci\41 office, and accompanied General Havelock as a volunteer, 
 in order that that gallant officer might have the credit which 
 so properly belonged to him, of having conducted the victorious 
 troops under his command to the relief of the besieged city of 
 Lucknow. 
 
 The Ddke of Cambridge. — It is but right that, while honour- 
 ing General Havelock, we should also concede due honour to 
 Sir James Outram, who upon this occasion waived his claim 
 as a general officer of higher rank, and allowed to Sir Henry 
 Havelock the distinguished honour of relieving Lucknow. It 
 is gratifying also on such an occasion to be able to allude to 
 officers of both services, that of the East India Company as 
 well as that of Her Majesty. 
 
392 
 
 House of Loeds. — February 8, 1858. 
 
 Lord Panmure. — The next commander I .have to mention 
 is Major-General Sir James Outram. That gallant officer had 
 just returned from the command of the successful expedition 
 in Persia, when he was called upon to render his services to his 
 country in the suppression of the mutiny in India. In Persia 
 he had achieved all that he was called upon to accomplish. 
 Thence he came back with victory upon his crest, and was 
 appointed to the civil and military command in Oude. Then 
 it was that he found the gallant Havelock devising his plan for 
 the first relief of Lucknow. With a chivalry which could be 
 equalled only by his gallantry, Sir James Outram forbore to 
 take out of the hands of his brother officer the command of 
 those operations in which much had already been done by him 
 towards the attainment of success. When, however, my Lords, 
 the first relief of Lucknow v\'as accomplished. General Outram 
 assumed the direction of operations, and distinguished himself by 
 the continuance of that defence which Inglis had so gallantly 
 carried on. After the evacuation of Lucknow, he was left to 
 maintain his position against a A^astly superior force at the 
 Alum Bagh, and he has since greatly distinguished himself by 
 the resistance which he has offered to the attacks which were 
 made iipon his position, — attacks which he repulsed with a 
 vigour which inflicted an immense loss upon the enemy, while 
 that which was sustained by his own forces was comi^aratively 
 trifling. For achievements such as these, it is, my Lords, that I 
 propose that the thanks of this House be given to Major- 
 General Sir James Outram. 
 
 The Duke of Cambridge. — Having said thus much in re- 
 ference to Sir Colin Campbell, I may be permitted briefly to 
 allude to the next name upon the list of those to whom your 
 Lordships have been asked to pass a vote of thanks — I mean 
 Sir James Outram. We ai*e all aware of the mode in which 
 he conducted the operations which he undertook in Persia. It 
 is needless for me to say, that in my opinion they do him the 
 utmost credit, and while giving expression to a similar opinion 
 with reference to his achievements in India, I must not forget 
 to notice the circumstance that when, as senior officer to Sir 
 Henry Havelock, he might of right have laid claim to the com- 
 mand of the expedition for the first relief of Lucknow, he, with 
 true soldier-like feeling, allowed his junior to retain the com- 
 mand, and, acting in subordination to him, brought the expedition 
 to a glorious consummation. 
 
393 
 
 House of Commons. — February 8, 1858. 
 
 Viscount Palmep.ston. — General Outram, too, after per- 
 forming with great ability tlie service upon "which he was sent 
 to Persia, returned to India and was appointed to a command 
 which entitled him to supersede General Havelock, Avho had 
 been earning by repeated successes those laurels which now, 
 alas ! can only crown his monument. Yet Sir James Outram, 
 Avith a spirit of chivalry equal to his gallantry and skill, with 
 that generosity which is so often the accompaniment of true 
 courage, declined to take from General Havelock the command 
 of that force with which he had acquired such brilliant dis- 
 tinction, telling him that " until you have succeeded in relievino- 
 Lucknow, the object of your successive efforts, I will serve 
 under you as a volunteer, and will not step in to deprive you 
 of that glory which you so justly deserve." It is gratify in o- then 
 to see that those who distinguished themselves in arms also 
 show themselves to be endowed with the magnanimity so nobly 
 displayed in this instance by General Outram. 
 
 House of Commons. — February 8, 1858. 
 
 Mr. Disraeli. — Lucknow also produced a cluster of illus- 
 trious names not inferior to those to whom I ha-\'e referred. 
 They are contained in one of the votes which will come under 
 our consideration this evening. All remember the charoe of 
 Oatram, the chivalry of Avliich was not more distinguished than 
 the generous sentiment which placed him in a subordinate 
 position. 
 
 Admiral Walcott. — We may well be at a loss Avhether 
 to admire most the rapid advance of the conquering Havelock 
 the generous self-denial of Outram, the stormino- of Delhi held 
 by a maddened garrison, or the passive indomitable couran-e 
 displayed in the heroic defence of Lucknow, a defence scarcely 
 if ever surpassed in history ; or the masterly advance, the ad- 
 mirable tactics, and the memorable retreat of Sir Colin Campbell, 
 croAvned by his victory at Cawnpore ; but of this he was quite 
 certain, that all these actions would conduce to one and the 
 same end, the establishment on a sounder basis of the British 
 supremacy in India. 
 
 Sir Frederick Smite. — The successes achieved by our 
 troops under such an overwhelming numerical disparity were 
 perfectly marvellous, and this country shared in the glory which 
 was reflected by such splendid exploits as the marches of Have- 
 lock and of Greathed, the marvellous relief of Lucknow by 
 Sir James Outram, and the striking display of skill and energy 
 made by Sir Colin Campbell. ° 
 
394 
 
 House of Commons. — February 12, 1858. 
 
 Colonel French said, he would beg to ask the First Lord 
 of the Treasury if he will lay on the table of the House the 
 despatch of Sir James Outram, detailing the operations at Luck- 
 now between the 2oth day of September, when Colonel Liglis 
 was relieved by him and General Havelock, and the 22nd day 
 of November, when Sir Colin Campbell forced his way through 
 the rebel army to the Residency. 
 
 Me. Veenon Smith said, no official despatch had yet been 
 received at the Lidia House from Sir James Outram ; when it 
 was, it would be presented immediately to that House, as all 
 former despatches had been and all future despatches would 
 continue to be. 
 
 Lord Hotham said, he wished to advert for a moment to the 
 answer wbich the right hon. gentleman the President of the 
 Board of Control had given to the hon. and gallant member for 
 Roscommon (Colonel French). The right hon. gentleman said 
 no despatch had been received from Sir James Outram. But 
 he (Lord Hotham) had a very confident impression, if not a 
 positive conviction, that he had read that very despatch in a 
 Calcutta newspaper ; therefore he hoped the right hon. gentle- 
 man would make some further inquiry upon the subject. He 
 must also add, that there had been published in this country, 
 he did not say in the London Gazette, an order issued by the 
 Governor-General of India, in which he bestows commendation 
 upon the officers of that force, in consequence of their having 
 been recommended in Sir James Outram's despatch. Now the 
 country was naturally anxious to see the despatch itself, for he 
 hoped he might say, without any intention to disparage the 
 Governor-General, and certainly he would not join in the cen- 
 sures cast upon him the other night, that however gratifying- 
 it might be to the officers and soldiers concerned to be com- 
 mended by such a high authority as the Governor-General, still 
 it would be more satisfactory to the friends and relatives of those 
 gallant men, as well as to the public at large, to see the com- 
 mendations bestowed upon them by their commander, who was 
 an eye-witness of their valour. He would therefore beg to 
 inquire why no official announcement has been made in this 
 country of any despatch or report from Major-General Sir James 
 Outram, detailing what had taken place between the time of 
 his assuming the command in Lucknow and the arrival of 
 General Sir Colin Campbell ; and whether there is any objection 
 to this and any other despatch or report from Brigadier Inglis 
 being made public. 
 
 Mr. Vernon Smith said he was much obliged to the noble 
 
395 
 
 Lord for thus pressing the subject upon his notice. It had, how- 
 ever, been forced upon his attention both by the question which 
 the hon. and gallant member (Colonel French) had put, and by 
 the question the noble Lord had himself given notice of. He 
 certainly was surprised that no despatch had been received ; but 
 he had made strict inquiries, and neither at the Board of Control 
 nor at the India House had any copy of the despatch referred 
 to been received. If it had appeared in the Calcutta papers, 
 there certainly must have been some omission in not having 
 sent it home. But there was much to be said for them owmg 
 to the extreme hurry and difficulties encountered in their duties 
 there. He quite joarticipated in the noble Lord's feelings, that 
 it would be more gratifying to the friends and relatives of the 
 officers and soldiers to see their names mentioned in the despatch 
 of a general so distinguished, and so well able to appreciate 
 valour, as Sir James Outram, than it would be to be named 
 even in the orders of the Governor-General. It was his gi*eat 
 care to supply every information as soon as possible, knowing 
 the anxiety there was for the fullest information respecting 
 India ; but he thought the noble Lord would agree with him 
 that it was not desirable to give non-official documents. 
 
 APPENDIX E. 
 
 East India House. 
 
 The General Quarterly Court of the East India Company was 
 held on Wednesday, 23rd June, 1858, at their house in Leaden- 
 hall-street, and the meeting was made special, for the purpose of 
 laying before the Proprietors, for their approbation, the unani- 
 mous resolutions of the Directors, passed on the 9th of June, 
 granting annuities to General Sir John Colin Campbell, G.C.B., 
 of 2,000/. ; and to Major-General Sir James Outram, G.C.B., 
 of 1,000/. The Chairman of the Company, Sir F. Cubkie, 
 presided. 
 
 The Chairman read a letter from the Governor- General of 
 India, acknowledging the resolutions of the General Courts, held 
 on the 10th and 17th of January last. He then stated that the 
 Court was made special, for the purpose of laying before the 
 proprietors the two mianimous resolutions mentioned in the 
 notice convening the meeting;. 
 
 The resolution having been read awarding an annuity of 2,000/. 
 to Sir Colin Campbell, — 
 
396 
 
 The Chairman said he did not think it necessaiy to enter into 
 any details of the services which had been performed by Sir 
 Cohn Campbell, as they were so generally known and so highly 
 appreciated by the public. He could only say that he felt very 
 great gratification personally in being the organ of the Court on 
 the present occasion, having a personal knowledge of the excel- 
 lent services which Sir C. Campbell had rendered to the East 
 India Company. He had the good fortune to serve with Sir 
 Colin in the year 1847 at Lahore, and he must say that he never 
 saw a more statesmanlike individual, or a man who had the 
 interest of the Company more at heart. He trusted that the 
 resolution of the Court of Directors would be unanimously con- 
 firmed by the Court of Proprietors. 
 
 The Deputy-Chairman (Captain Eastwick), in seconding the 
 motion, said that Sir Colin Campbell had fought himself into 
 his present position by hard service ; that no man had more 
 efficiently supported the honour of the British name; and he 
 trusted that he would long live to enjoy the rewards which had 
 been conferred upon him by our gracious Sovereign. 
 
 After a few words from Mr. Lewin and Mr. Cooke, 
 
 Mr. Ceawshay said that before a reward Avas voted by citizens 
 to soldiers, the citizens ought to satisfy themselves that the 
 services for which the soldiers were engaged were great and had 
 been honourably performed. Sir J. Outram had been engaged 
 in operations which had led to the conquest of Scinde, but he 
 had considered those operations unjust, and had refused to re- 
 ceive his share of the prize money. Now, if a soldier refused a 
 rcAvard because the service on which he was engaged was one of 
 which his conscience did not approve, surely the citizen was 
 bound in like manner not to sanction operations which he believed 
 to be unjust by rewarding those engaged in such operations. 
 After the relief of the garrison of Lucknow he believed the opera- 
 tions in Oude to have been unjust and unnecessary, and calcu- 
 lated to throw great difficulties in the way of maintaining British 
 supremacy. He did not believe that British supremacy had been 
 restored in Oude, and was convinced that these operations were 
 destructive of British authority, and therefore must enter his 
 protest against what had been done by moving the following 
 amendment: — " That the military operations in Oude subsequent 
 to the relief of the garrison of Lucknow have been unjust, un- 
 necessary, calculated to increase the animosity which by previous 
 injustice had been excited against British supremacy, and seri- 
 ously to aggravate the difficulty of sustaining it. That this 
 Court, therefore, acting as trustees for the people of India, 
 declines to sanction these operations by assenting to the resolu- 
 tions of the Court of Directors for rewarding the officers by 
 whom they have been conducted." 
 
397 
 
 Mr. Jones would second tlie amendment, if the original 
 resolution expressed any approval of what had followed the 
 capture of Lucknow. 
 
 The Chairman said the ground on which the annuity had been 
 voted by the Directors was the information which had been 
 communicated to them of the honoiu' which her Majesty had 
 conferred on Sir Colin Campbell. On receiving that information 
 they thought it their duty to suggest the propriety of making a 
 grant to the gallant officer who had so highly distinguished him- 
 self. The services which Sir Colin Campbell had rendered in 
 India did not on the present occasion, so far as official records 
 were concernedj go beyond the capture of Lucknow and the 
 restoration of the British supremacy in that city. It was on 
 account of Sir Colin Campbell's previous services, and his ser- 
 vices up to the conclusion of the capture of Lucknow, that the 
 annuity had been proposed to support the dignity which had been 
 conferred by her Majesty on that gallant officer. (Hear.) 
 
 After a few remarks from Mr. Prinsep, the amendment, not 
 having been seconded, fell to the ground, and the original motion 
 was agreed to. 
 
 The resolution awarding an annuity of 1,000/. to Sir James 
 Outran! having been read, — 
 
 The Chairman, in submitting it to the approval of the Court, 
 said Sir J. Outram was one of the Company's own officers, and 
 his career had been for a long time one of a very marked 
 character. His services in Persia were well known. He con- 
 sidered it perfectly unnecessary to enter at any length into the 
 services of Sir James Outram, inasmuch as they would be spoken 
 to by the deputy-chairman, who was the personal friend of that 
 gallant and distinguished man. 
 
 The Deputy- Chairman (Captain Eastwick) then said — I have 
 peculiar satisfaction in seconding this motion. Having had the 
 privilege of an intimate friendship with Sir J. Outram for many 
 years, having served with him in India, and having enjoyed ample 
 opportunities of witnessing and appreciating his great ability, his 
 indomitable courage, and his untiring devotion to the public ser- 
 vice, I most cordially unite in the proposition to confer upon him 
 this special mark of the high sense entertained of his services by 
 the East India Company, which has been awarded to only a few 
 of their most distinguished servants, but which no one has earned 
 more fairly than Sir James Outram. It is nearly 40 years since 
 he landed in India, and from the earliest period of his brilliant 
 career, he gave promise of future eminence and distinction. He 
 showed that he possessed in a remarkable degree two qualities 
 which fit a man for high achievements. He relied upon his own 
 convictions, and had the courage to act upon them without dread 
 of the responsibility. Whatever he had to do, he did with all 
 
398 
 
 his might, not with eye service as to men, but in singleness of 
 purpose and with sole reference to the public good. He entered 
 the Bombay army as a cadet in 1819, and was soon appointed 
 adjutant of his corps. He saw service in the Myhee Kaunta, 
 Kattywar, and the Southern Mahratta Country ; but it was not 
 until 1825 that an opportunity was afforded him of displaying, 
 in an especial manner, that quickness of perception, that readi- 
 ness of resource, and that promptness in action, which made him 
 a marked man in his profession, and led to his selection for 
 difficult and responsible employment. A rebel chief in Khandeish, 
 with about 800 followers, plundered the town of Blmrtpore, and 
 took refuge in a hill fort. There he raised the standard of the 
 Peishwa, adherents flocked to him, and in a short time insurrec- 
 tion would have spread throughout the whole province. British 
 troops were warned from every quarter, but Outram, with a 
 small detachment of 200 sepoys, having made a forced march 
 of 35 miles under cover of a false attack in front, escaladed the 
 fort in the rear, killed the leader, and crushed the rebellion. 
 Shortly after this brilliant exploit, Mr. Elphinstone, the Governor 
 of Bombay, selected Lieutenant Outram to organize the Blieel 
 Corps. Khandeish was at that period a scene of anarchy, 
 rapine, and disorder. The Bheels were a proscribed race. 
 Their hand was against every man, and every man's hand was 
 against them. They were sunk in ignorance, debauchery, and 
 crime, and it was thought by some in authority that their utter 
 extermination could alone restore peace to the province. Mr. 
 Elphinstone thought otherwise. He determined to make them 
 the guardians of the peace they had so long disturbed, and in 
 Lieut. Outram he found a fitting instrument. It would occupy 
 too much time to trace the progress of an experiment alike 
 honourable to our countrymen and country. Suffice it to state 
 the results. Li a few years Khandeish was pacified, not, how- 
 ever, without difficulties which, as Sir John Malcolm wrote, only 
 Lieut. Outram's local influence and personal character could 
 have overcome, " afflarding an example of what may be done by 
 officers who add to a knowledge of their duty as soldiers an 
 acquaintance with the habits, prejudices, and language of the 
 natives, and who by conciliatory conduct to all ranks secure their 
 confidence, and are thus enabled to effect objects which by 
 military force alone they could never accomplish." To relate 
 the romantic adventures and hair-breadth escapes of Outram's 
 Khandeish career would fill volumes. Foremost in every expe- 
 dition of danger, whether in pursuit of the wild beasts of the 
 forest, or still wilder gangs of plunderers, he seemed to these 
 " children of the mist " to bear a charmed life. In an expedi- 
 tion to the Dang jungle, out of 13 officers that accompanied 
 him, he alone escaped the deadly jungle fever, I may remark, 
 
399 
 
 as a curious fact, that it is said lie owed his safety to a precaution 
 of always sleeping with a covering of fine gauze over his head 
 and face, to the irksomeness of which " fever guard " others 
 would not submit. In the hot Aveather of 1831 most alarming 
 atrocities were perpetrated by the Bheel tribes, and we learn 
 from official documents that Outram, with only 25 of his own 
 Bheels and a few district police and horse, apprehended 469 
 desperate characters. He selected 158 of the more guilty for 
 punishment, committed them for trial, for 30 gang robberies, 
 with such full and clear evidence, that all but eight were con- 
 victed and sentenced. Thus by alternate vigour and conciliation, 
 now penetrating into their most secure fastnesses, and crushing 
 with iron hand those who defied his authority ; at another time 
 throwing himself unarmed and unattended amidst his recent 
 foes, sitting at their feet, listening to their legends, joining in 
 their games and hunting expeditions, he stole the hearts of those 
 wild denizens of the forests, moulded them to his own ends, and 
 gained new triumphs for progress and civilization. It is related 
 of Washington, when travelling in the country of the Indians, 
 that he was met by an aged chief, who had come a long distance 
 to pay him homage, telling him that at the battle of Monongaheli, 
 where Washington had been miraculously preserved, having had 
 four bullets through his coat and two horses shot under him, he 
 had aimed at him several times with his rifle, and had directed 
 his gallant warriors to do the same, without effect, and that they 
 had desisted, believing that Washington was under the guardian- 
 ship of the Great Spirit, and was not destined to die in battle. 
 We can recognize the hand of a special Providence reserving a 
 great man for a great work on earth. But it is not difficult to 
 imagine the magic influence that would attach to the name of 
 Washington connected with such an incident in the minds of the 
 untutored Indians. In the same manner the name of Outram 
 became a household word amongst the Bheels. Never was the 
 power of an individual mind more strikingly exemplified — never 
 did moral superiority achieve a greater triumph. There is no 
 mean lesson in statecraft to be derived from the study of this 
 portion of Sir J. Outram's career. In it lies the whole secret of 
 the marvellous rise and progress of our Indian empire. It is 
 simply the art of governing the natives through themselves by 
 the force of individual minds subjugating the wills and affections 
 of the millions: from Clive and Hastings to Lawrence and 
 Outram, a succession of heroes and statesmen has grown up equal 
 to the great woi'k. Recent events have proved that race is not 
 extinct, if we only give them fair ]>lay. But of late years we have 
 more and more sought to curb individual thought and energy, 
 by check and countercheck, by petty interfei'ence and jealous 
 mistrust, and by a repressive system of centrahzation. It was 
 
400 
 
 not thus we gained India — it is not thus we can hold it. Sim- 
 plicity, promptness, and vigour in our machinery ; justice and 
 moderation in our measures, based on real superiority of charac- 
 ter, alone can enable a handful of Europeans to rule millions of 
 Asiatics. But to return to Sir James Outram. The disturbed 
 districts of the Myhee Kaunta were the next scene of his labours. 
 From thence, in 1838, he joined Lord Keane's force, and shared 
 in the taking of Gliuzni and all the operations in Affghanistan. 
 His capture of a Ghazee standard, his adventurous pursuit of 
 Dost Mahommed, and his dispersion of the rebel Ghilzie chiefs, 
 are well known. We next find him earning distinction as aide- 
 de-camjD to General Willshire at the siege of Khelat ; and then 
 followed one of those characteristic incidents which invest his 
 career with the most romantic interest. After the fall of the 
 fortress he undertook to carry the tidings through the heart of 
 the enemy's country, a distance of 360 miles, which he traversed 
 in native costume on a sturdy little AfFghan pony in seven days 
 and a half, exposed to all kinds of dangers and privations on the 
 road, and finally escaping his pursuers only by a few hours. In 
 1840, Major Outram was appointed political agent in Lower 
 Scinde. How he bore himself throughout those eventful years 
 of mingled triumph and disaster, let' Sir H. Lawrence and Mr. 
 Elphinstone say. In the Calcutta Review for September, 1849, 
 Sir H. Lawrence writes: — "In the year 1838, Outram carried 
 to AlFghanistan a character such as could not be paralleled by 
 any officer of his standing in India. His services during the 
 first Affghan war were second to those of no officer then and 
 there employed, and had he remained in the Ghilzie country, or 
 at Khelat, many of our disasters might have been averted. But 
 it is by his civil management, first of Lower Scinde, and then 
 of both the upper and lower provinces, and of all Beloochistan, 
 that Outram has won our highest admiration. When the 
 European inhabitants of Calcutta trembled for our Indian 
 empire, when in the highest places men grew pale at the evil 
 tidings from Affghanistan, Outram held his frontier post with a 
 firm hand, brave heart, and cheerfnl tone, that ought to have 
 been contagious. Vigilant, conciliatory, courageous, he managed 
 w^ith his handful of troops not only to prevent the Ameers from 
 taking advantage of our disasters, but to induce them to aid in 
 furnishing supplies and carriage for the relieving, then considered 
 the retreating, army." And in a published letter of Mr. Elphin- 
 stone, dated 7tli July, 1843, to Mr. John Loch, after recapitu- 
 lating Colonel Outram's claims to higher distinction than had been 
 awarded to him, Mr. Elphinstone goes on to say, " All this is 
 written as if Colonel Outram was merely a military officer who 
 had distinguished himself in the Affghan campaign, and who 
 had again shared with many others in the services lately per- 
 
401 
 
 formed in Scinde. But you are well aware how far this is from 
 Colonel Outram's real position. Besides his ample share in the 
 planning and conduct of various military enterprises, his politi- 
 cal services for several years have been such as it would be diffi- 
 cult to parallel in the whole course of Indian diplomacy." If I 
 know anything of Outram's warm heart, this recorded testimony 
 of the greatest of Indian statesmen conveyed more real satisfac- 
 tion to his mind than any commendation he may have received 
 throughout his brilliant career. About this time Major Outram 
 was presented Avith a sword by the community at Bombay, 
 including the most eminent civil and military servants, '* for the 
 intrepid gallantry which had marked his career in India, but 
 more especially for his heroic defence of the British Hesidency at 
 Hyderabad, in vScinde, on the 15th of February, 1843, against 
 an army of 8,000 Beloochees with six guns." The venerable 
 and pious Bishop of Bombay could not consistently join in the 
 presentation of a sword, but, " as a mark of respect, he sent 
 Major Outram a Book of Common Prayer and Holy Bible, with 
 the appropriate inscription, * Thou hast covered my head in the 
 day of battle.' " While on this subject, I may mention that the 
 present Pope caused a gold medal to be struck and transmitted 
 to Sir J. Outram, " as a testimonial of gratitude for the 
 kindness displayed by you to poor Catholics under your com- 
 mand or stationed within your Hesidency." I state these facts 
 as evidences of Outram's generous and noble nature, large and 
 liberal sympathies with his fellow-men, and of the imiversal 
 estimation in which he is held by all classes. In 1843 Sir J. 
 Outram came to England, but at the first rumour of war with 
 the Sikhs returned to India. No war at that time occurred, 
 and he was employed in the Southern Mahratta Country, where 
 he earned the special approbation of Lord Hardinge, than whom 
 no one was more capable of appreciating a good soldier. But 
 I should trespass at too great length on the indulgence of the 
 Court if I attempted to enter into details regarding the varied and 
 distinguished services of Sir J. Outram in the high political 
 appointments he held from 1843 to 1857. He was successively 
 Resident at Sattara, at Baroda, at Aden, and at Lucknow. In 
 1856 he became the Governor-General's Agent and Chief Com- 
 missioner in Oude. At this period his health gave way under 
 the burden of incessant toil. Ho came to England to recruit, 
 and those friends who saw him bowed down by sickness and 
 continual pain which almost entirely deprived him of sleep, 
 little thought that he would be spared to render still greater 
 services to his country. But, like an old war-horse, scenting 
 the battle from afar, at the first sound of the trumpet of duty, 
 his stiffened limbs resumed their wonted energy, and he started 
 to take command of the expeditionary force to Persia, How 
 26 
 
402 
 
 successfully he carried out the instructions of the Government in 
 those high operations is well known. He returned to Calcutta 
 at the height of the mutiny to be entrusted by Lord Canning 
 with an important command, where his first act was, with cha- 
 racteristic nobleness of disposition, to refuse to rob the lamented 
 Havelock of the glory of relieving Lncknow. As a volunteer 
 he charged with the yeomanry cavalry, and wherever the 
 danger was the thickest there he was to he found. After what 
 has been already said, it is not necessary to enlai'ge on the 
 prominent part he bore in the first advance to Lncknow, in 
 the siibsequent defence of the Residency, in the occupation and 
 defence of the important post of Alum Bagh, and in the final 
 conquest of Lncknov/. Li the enumeration of his claims on the 
 gratitude of his country, I cannot omit his wise and strenuous 
 advocacy of a generous pohcy towards the landholders of Oude, 
 on which alone could hopes of tranquillity be based. On these 
 grounds I cordially second this motion. It will be valued by 
 Sir J. Outram, but not for its pecuniary advantages (for his own 
 sake, and for his family's sake, he has, perhaps, cared too 
 little for such considerations). As an instance, I may mention 
 that from scruples of conscience he declined to appropriate to 
 his own use his share of the Scinde prize money, but made over 
 the whole amount (considerably more than 3,000/.) to chari- 
 table institutions. Col. French, of the Bombay army, was his 
 almoner on this occasion, and told me the circumstance. Sir 
 J. Outram would never have alluded to it. It may indeed 
 be said of Outram, in the glowing words of Macaulay, that, 
 "proud of his honourable poverty, after leading victorious armies, 
 and after making and dejjosing kings, it was sufficient reward 
 for liim to feel that his name not only stood high in the list of 
 warriors, but would be found in a better list — in the list of those 
 who had done and suffered much for the happiness of mankind." 
 It is right and fitting that this country should reward such 
 men; for no institutions, no political contrivances, can supply 
 their place in the administration of its affairs. 
 
 Mr. Crawfoed and Colonel Stkes supported the resolution. 
 
 Mr. Lewin said that in his opinion Sir J. Outram had erred 
 most grievously in the coiu'se which he had pursued with 
 respect to the annexation of Oude. If, instead of bending to 
 the views of Lord Dalhousie, Sir J. Outram had declined being 
 a party to that proceeding, he Avould have entitled himself to the 
 unqualified approbation which the motion contained. Enter- 
 taining these opinions, he moved as an amendment, " That the 
 conduct of Sir J. Outram with regard to the annexation of 
 Oude disentitles him to the unqualified approbation expressed 
 in the resolution." 
 
 Mr. Jones seconded the amendment, which, after a short 
 
403 
 
 conversation, was put and negatived, and the original resolution 
 was then agreed to. 
 
 Dr. Beattie moved that the annuity granted to Sir J. 
 Outran! should be continued to his son. 
 
 The Chairman intimated that, according to the bye-laws, 
 such a motion could not be entertained without due notice. 
 
 Dr. Beattie then withdrew his motion, and gave notice of it 
 in the regular form. 
 
 The Chaieman, interrupting the hon. proprietor, observed 
 that the Court of Directors were perfectly willing to present 
 the protests to which reference had been made. 
 
 It was then agreed, on the motion of Mr. Ceawshay, that 
 all protests of the Directors of the East India Company against 
 the annexation of Oude should be immediately printed and 
 published for the information of the Court of Proprietors. 
 
 On the motion of Mr. Jones, the consideration of the new 
 India Bill was adjourned until Wednesday next. 
 
 APPENDIX F. 
 
 Presentation of the Freedom of the Citij to Lord Clyde and 
 Sir James Outrarn. 
 
 On Thursday, October 7, a Court of Common Council was 
 held for the despatch of public business, when Mr. Charles Reed 
 moved, " That the freedom of this city, with a sword of the 
 value of 100 guineas, be presented to the Right Hon. Baron 
 Clyde, Commander-in-Chief of her Majesty's Forces in the East 
 Indies, in testimony of the distinguished services he has rendered 
 to his country, and particularly for his decisive operations on 
 Lucknow, which have resulted in the reduction and occupation 
 of that important position, the dispersion of the rebel force from 
 their great rallying point, and the undoubted confirmation of the 
 ascendancy of the British arms." 
 
 Mr. Reed said : My Lord Mayor, — I have to ask this Court 
 to allow me the opportunity of stating that the delay which has 
 arisen in bringing before their notice the resolution placed upon 
 the paper of business some months since is not attributable to 
 any other cause than an anxious desire to have the fullest means 
 of forming a judgment upon the affairs of British India before 
 considering the question involved In my motion. (Hear, hear.) 
 It has been my diity upon two separate occasions, in deference 
 to what seemed to be the general opinion of the Court, to post- 
 pone the introduction of the motion. It is presented to you 
 26—2 
 
404 
 
 to-day with tlie full conviction that you are prepared to dis- 
 charge one of the highest and most noble functions of your 
 corporate body: I mean the right of conferring upon such men as 
 you may consider entitled to this mark of your distinction the 
 freedom of this ancient city. (Hear, hear.) It is not in your 
 power to decorate the breast with stars, nor is it yours to buckle 
 the Garter on the knee. You cannot ennoble by title, or make a 
 plain soldier into a peer of the realm ; but you can give that 
 which the sons of royalty are honoured by receiving, that which 
 none but the truly great can wear. I ask you to-day to add to 
 that roll of fame upon which stand inscribed the names of Clive, 
 Abercrombie, Sidney Smith, Nelson, and Wellington, the names 
 of two men to whom we owe very mainly, under God, the safety 
 of our Indian Empire. (Cheers.) Very recently we voted the 
 freedom of this city to a Lawrence, and, though called to twine 
 the cypress with the laurel, we have not forgotten to leave our 
 civic wreath to the memory of the noble Havelock. (Cheers.) 
 The two other generals most distinguished in the history of the 
 Indian mutiny are Campbell and Outram, and to them I ask 
 you now to award the highest honour wliich it is in your power 
 to confer. (Cheers.) Colin Campbell, sprung from an ancient 
 family of Scotland, entered the army in 1808 ; consequently he 
 has served his country for more than half a century. His 
 earlier career is a matter not so much of memory in this assembly 
 as of history. We first hear of him in 1808 at Vimiera. He 
 then follows the fortune of Sir John Moore, and is with him at 
 Corunna. He distino-uishes himself at the surrender of Flushino- 
 s mentioned at Barossa, Tarragona, and Tarifa, and is actively 
 engaged under Wellington at Vittoria. He leads the memor- 
 able forlorn hope at San Sebastian, and leaves behind him in the 
 record of that eventful campaign repeated proofs of his courage, 
 judgment, and skill. (Cheers.) In 1814 he is engaged in 
 Amei'ica, and only leaves that country to quell a formidable 
 revolt in Demerara. Achieving a signal success, he holds an 
 important command in China, which he retains till 1848, when 
 he is ordered to the Punjaub, under Lord Gougli. At Ram- 
 nuggur and Chillianwallah he evinces the cool intrepidity for 
 which he is so eminently distinguished. In 1849 he. is a 
 brigadier-general in Affghanistan, and the record of his services 
 there is too fresh in our memory to need even a passing reference. 
 When the Russian war commenced, and everything assumed the 
 state of inextricable confusion, there was one man whose presence 
 in the Crimea gave the British people confidence and hope. 
 Why Campbell did not hold a ditferent position in that cam- 
 paign, it is only for us to surmise. Of this we are assured, that 
 no man deserved a higher post, and no man earned more real 
 glory, than he did. (Cheers.) The victory of Alma belongs to 
 
405 
 
 those intrepid men who followed the leadership of him, avIio, 
 when his horse fell under him, headed his regiment, crying out, 
 " We'll hae nane but Highland bonnets here." He it was who 
 turned the fortunes of the day at Balaclava ; and, if not con- 
 spicuous at Sebastopol, he was there prepared to do his duty. 
 (Cheers.) When the mutiny broke out in India, all eyes were 
 turned to General Campbell ; and, on the news of the lamented 
 fall of Anson, the public learnt, with the highest satisfaction, of 
 the nomination of his successor. Prompt and decisive in all his 
 movements, he received his command and instantly left to 
 assume it. Within twenty-four hours of his appointment, witli 
 scarcely time to communicate with his nearest relations, he was 
 not only ready, but had actually quitted our shores. His arrival 
 at Calcutta had a most tranquillizing effect, confirming constancy 
 and devotion, and stimulating hope and fortitude. (Hear, hear.) 
 Aware of the critical position of our interests in India, and 
 resolved to strike his first blow at Inicknow, he gathered his 
 forces for the rescue of those patriot warriors, Havelock and 
 Outram, shut up within that important fortress. It is needless 
 to describe to you the wonderful skill with which Sir Colin 
 Campbell effected his approach and gained his victory at the 
 very gates of the city. The meeting of those generals the artist 
 and the poet may depict to future generations, I will not attempt 
 to describe it. The men and their achievements have gathered 
 around them the highest renown. To strengthen the position, 
 to make good an evacuation, to escort in safety that gallant band 
 of our fellow-countrymen with women and tender children, to 
 bear them safely through the heart of a cruel and bloodthirsty 
 host, and to house them in security in Cawnpore, Avere achieve- 
 ments of the profoundest skill and bravery ; and though the 
 planning of this is generously ascribed to Outram, it was effected 
 by Campbell. (Hear, hear.) Retrieving the false step of Wind- 
 ham, gaining the bridge of boats, his object at Cawnpore being 
 secured. Sir Colin hastens to join Outram at the Alum Bagh, and 
 by a combined attack to repossess themselves of Lucknow. We 
 know how that work was accomplished — how, throwing ofif the 
 officialism of the general, the commander of the noble army 
 became a personal leader — how, exposing his own life, he covered 
 the position of his men, sparing life everywhere. We know 
 how he effected a complete and, speaking by comparison, a 
 bloodless victory, gaining possession of one of the largest cities in 
 India, and turning the retreat of the mutineers into a tumiiltuous 
 flight. We know how he chased them in confusion to Rohilcund 
 and Bareilly, and scattered them far up into the wild recesses of 
 the Himalayas. (Cheers.) Gentlemen, I ask you, as a man of 
 peace, as an earnest patriot, as a citizen of London, to do honour 
 to a man who, in the terms of my resolution, has accomplished 
 26—3 
 
406 
 
 that whicli has resulted in the undoubted confirmation of the 
 ascendancy of the Britisli arms in India. (Loud cheering.) 
 
 Sheriff Conder seconded the motion. 
 
 After a slight discussion, the motion was carried mianimously 
 amid loud and prolonged cheering. 
 
 Presentation of the Freedom, of the City to Sir James Outram. 
 
 Mr. C. Reed : Mj Lord Mayor, — The public are less informed 
 regarding the services of Sir James Outram than of the services 
 of Lord Clyde, but I am convinced that liis commanding talents 
 and superior virtue are known and appreciated by this Court. 
 (Hear, hear.) Li the first instance I coupled his name with that 
 of Sir Colin Campbell, but adopting the suggestion of a distin- 
 guished officer of the Indian army, I have felt it right to place 
 them before you now in a separate form, and the resolution I have 
 now to move is as follows : " That the freedom of this city, 
 with a sword of the value of 100 guineas, be presented to 
 Lieutenant-General Sir James Outram, K.C.B., in testimony of 
 the signal services rendered by him in suppressing mutiny and 
 rebellion in the East Indies, and in admiration of his high per- 
 sonal and public character, exemplified tlu'ough a long period of 
 military service in the East, as a brave, skilful, and patriotic 
 soldier." Sir James Outram has been in active service nearly 
 forty years in civil and military capacities. He entered the 
 East India Company's ser\ace in 1819, and was sent out in that 
 year to Khandeish. Full of youthful ardour, he headed a storm- 
 ing party at Kittoor, and in 1825 was engaged in suppressing 
 an insurrection in Moolain. In 1826, he entered upon a work 
 as perilous as it was important. The tribe of the Bheels were a 
 wild band of robbers, infesting a district of which it had been 
 resolved to dispossess them. Their system of plunder was so 
 harassing that the doctrine of extermination had been openly 
 preached, and Outram was selected to perform this service. 
 The doctrine was as hateful to him as the means proposed to 
 accomplish it were cruel, and he resolved to abandon both. 
 He went in among them, and by his valour and kindness sub- 
 dued these marauders, and won them over to his confidence. 
 In less than eleven months he had formed them into a corps, 
 and the very men who lived to rob and kill were enrolled to pro- 
 tect and defend the territory which had been the scene of de re- 
 dation. So powerful a force did these Bheel Corps become, that 
 Outram led them, at the outbreak of the rebellion, in the jungle 
 of the Dang to quell that revolt, and there, upon the testimony 
 of Sir J. Malcolm, he accomplished a work not less wonderful. 
 Sir J. Malcolm publicly records his thanks " for the zeal, ability, 
 and judgment Lieutenant Outram had displayed, to which is to 
 be attributed the fortunate conclusion of the harassing service 
 
407 
 
 lie has had to encounter ; " and in a subsequent general order he 
 observes that Outram had to encounter many difficulties which 
 his local influence and personal character could alone have over- 
 come, and he directed the attention of the army to liim as one of 
 those officers " who add to knowledge of their duty as soldiers, 
 acquaintance with the habits, prejudices, and languages of the 
 natives, and who, by conciliatory conduct to all ranks, secure 
 their confidence, and effect objects which by military force 
 alone they never coidd accomplish." His unparalleled activity 
 and energy in preparing for the expedition to AfFghanistan were 
 highly eulogized. A late member of this Court, distinguished 
 for services rendered as a professional man in India, and 
 whose absence from our council we all sincerely deplore, 
 testifies to tliis fact in the highest terms. He refers to the skill 
 of Outram in quelling a mutiny, and narrates the history of 
 this campaign, eulogizing the many virtues and profound know- 
 ledge of this remarkable soldier. In 1839, the Shah Shoojah, 
 exposed to peril from a lawless banditti, finds a generous pro- 
 tector in Outram ; and the x\meer of Scinde shortly after ex- 
 periences in an English officer a generous conqueror. Sir Jolui 
 Keane had threatened to storm and sack the capital of the 
 Ameer, unless terms of spoliation were mstantly submitted to. 
 Outram took charge of the expedition, and so successfully em- 
 ployed his opportunity, that the Ameer was won over to confide 
 in the British power, and, dying, committed his sons to the care 
 of Outram, saying, in words stamped with the sincerity of death, 
 " You are to me as my brother ; from the days of Adam no one 
 has found so great truth and friendship as I have foimd in you." 
 His services in Upper Scinde were so highly appreciated that 
 Lord Auckland testified in the House of Lords, in 1842, that 
 " to no man in a pubhc office was the public under greater ob- 
 ligations than to ^lajor Outram; a more distmguished servant 
 of the Government did not exist, nor one more eminent in a long 
 career." And Sir Charles Napier, at a banquet given to Major 
 Outram when leaving for Bombay, used these words : " In the 
 fourteenth century there was in the French ai-my a knight re- 
 nowned for his gallantry in war and wisdom in council. That 
 knight was the Chevalier Bayard. Gentlemen, I give you the 
 Bayard of India, Major James Outram, of the Bombay army." 
 Few men have been entitled to or have received such a tribute 
 of praise. Unable to leave for England, as he expected. Major 
 Outram returned to Scinde under peculiar circumstances. It 
 was known that he objected sti'ongly to the policy of the AfFghan 
 war, and he had not hesitated in stating his dissent. This can- 
 dour displeased Lord Ellenborough, and cost Outram great 
 pecimiary loss, as well as deprived him of promotion. Yet 
 as a soldier he obeys with military precision. He returns to 
 
408 
 
 Scindc and does his duty, but, declining to receive his pay of 
 ] 501. per month, he leaves this protest, which is addressed to 
 the very officer who had complimented him so highly. Writing 
 to Sir Charles Napier, in 1843, just three weeks before the 
 battle of Meeanee, he says, — " It grieves me to say that my 
 heart and that judgment which God has given me unite in 
 condemning the course we are carrying out for his Lordship as 
 most tyrannical — positive robbery ; and I consider that every 
 life that may hereafter be lost in consequence will be a mm'der." 
 This Court, looking at the events of that war, will see in this 
 plain speaking the earnest utterance of sincere conviction and 
 wonderful foresight in the writer. For the gallant defence of 
 Hyderabad, Outram was selected to carry the news to Bombay, 
 and arriving there in disguise, having passed through the heart 
 of the enemy's territory, he received an ovation at the hands of 
 the residents there. A sword of the value of three hundred 
 guineas was presented to him in testimony of his gallant ser- 
 vices. In 1843 Outram is in England, and is fomid spending 
 his time in advocating the cause of the oppressed and despised 
 princes of India. But at this juncture the revolution at Lahore 
 requires the presence of an energetic man, and the Duke of 
 Wellington sends Outram out with a letter recommending him 
 for the service, and we have the testimony of an independent 
 witness, himself an able administrator, who says : — " Fortu- 
 nately for Government, the man they wanted was at hand. 
 Forgetting past injuries and neglect, he volunteered to the 
 rescue of the Government in their difficulties, and never Avas 
 the magic jDOwer of the man's presence more striking than at 
 Sawunt Waree. In addition to these testimonies, there are 
 those of Sir R. Grant, Sir J. Carnac, and Lord Hardinge, 
 which I now forbear to quote. Returning to Egypt for 
 health, Outram pursued his career of incessant activity till 
 called to return to India to assume the highest position the 
 Indian Government could give him at Baroda. He only 
 releases himself from this arduous service to take the command 
 of the expedition to Persia, where he nominated the noble Have- 
 lock as his companion. No one here will regret the brief 
 nature of that campaign, and these two men, though prepared 
 for duty, triumphed rather in peace, though it brought a ces- 
 sation to their occupation. Havelock having preceded him, 
 Outram was sent out to command the Indian army. He landed 
 there, without doubt, the fittest man for such a responsible charge. 
 He knew every inch of ground — he knew the resources of the 
 people — he knew the people themselves, and they knew well 
 the courage and clemency of the Sahib Outram. Knowing the 
 perilous position of Havelock — how with a small band he was 
 breasting the full and swelling tide of mutiny in his attempt 
 
409 
 
 to reach Lucknow — lie pressed forward to Ins friend. Perhaps 
 no record in history exhibits a rarer proof of true magnanimity 
 than the noble resolve of Outram to yield up the command of 
 that column of relief to Havelock. " No," said he, " Havelock 
 is entitled to all the glory. He shall lead to Lucknow, and not 
 till then will I assume the command." He volunteered his 
 services under Havelock. They passed the Ganges together, 
 and the rolling tide of rebellion closed in behind them. There 
 was nothing before them but Lucknow or death, and their 
 brave hearts were prepared to bide the issue. You know how 
 gloriously they achieved the rescue of Inglis and our imprisoned 
 countrymen, and how in turn they were shut in for seven weeks, 
 amid great privation, till the arrival of Sir Colin Campbell. 
 That evacuation was the work of Outram, and in the dead of 
 that November niglit, by a most skilful o'use, every one of the 
 long-imprisoned garrison found safety in a retreat that will be 
 long remembered in the annals of British history. Holding the 
 Alum Bagh, Outram was ready to join in the general attack 
 upon the fortress of Lucknow. You know who headed the 
 storming party, who gained the bridge, who made the breach 
 in those walls, and who was the first to scale the heights and 
 plant the British banner within its Residency — Outram was the 
 leader. Though second, he was everywhere the first, and his 
 daring secured for us the repossession of that stronghold, tem- 
 porarily wrested from our hands. Sir James Outram has re- 
 ceived a baronetcy and a pension. May we not hope that the 
 Victoria Cross will yet be his ? We cannot do more than confer 
 our freedom — an ornament greatly coveted. Grant it this day 
 to General Outram as a man of consummate skill and daring 
 bravery — a man of true generosity, clemency, and humanity — • 
 a man worthy of the old chivalry of Europe — the true Bayard 
 of India, sans peur et sa7is reproche. 
 
 Mr. DoLLOND seconded the motion, which was carried un- 
 animously amid loud cheering. 
 
 [The compliments paid to Sir James Outram at the expense 
 of Sir Colin Campbell were publicly disavowed by him in 
 the following letter addressed to the town clei'k of the city of 
 London.] 
 
 K 
 Mr. Seejt. MEEEWEinER, Toim Cleric of the Citjj of London, 
 
 Lietjt.-General Sir J. Outram presents his respectful 
 compliments to the Town Clerk of the city of London, and begs 
 to acknowledge his note of the 1st December, 1858, forwarding 
 to him a copy of the resolution passed by the Court of Common 
 Council on the 7tli October last, voting him the Freedom of 
 the City with a sword of the value of one hundred guineas. 
 
 Sir James Outram acknowledges, with feelings of the deepest 
 
410 
 
 gratitude, tliese distinguished marks of the favour and appro- 
 bation of the Common Council. 
 
 The honour of being enrolled as a liveryman of the first city 
 in the world, is one that is coveted by every Englishman. 
 
 This honour is enhanced by the gratifying expression of the 
 sense entertained of his military services, and by the valuable 
 and highly prized gift by Avhich it is accompanied. 
 
 The sword will remain with him through life as a gratifying 
 memento of the honour conferred on him, and will be bequeathed 
 to his descendants as an heirloom of unspeakable value. 
 
 Sir James Outram feels bound to take this opportunity to 
 offer a few remarks on the discussion as reported in the Times 
 of the 8th of October last, which led to the above resolution in 
 his favour. 
 
 He feels most gratefully the generous warmth with which 
 one honourable speaker eulogized his services ; but he is in 
 honour bound to disclaim much of the credit ascribed to him, 
 which is due alone to his great commander — Lord Clyde. The 
 withdrawal of the Lucknow garrison, the credit of which is 
 assigned to Sir James, was planned by Lord Clyde, and eifected 
 under the protection of the troops immediately under his Lord- 
 ship's command, Sir James Outram merely carrying out his 
 chief's orders. Li like manner were the operations which 
 resulted in the capture of that city entirely planned by Lord 
 Clyde, Sir James Outram merely carrying out such portions of 
 the subordinate operations as were entrusted to him. Neither 
 can Sir J. Outram claim the credit attributed to him of having 
 " headed the storming party," " made the breach," or, being 
 " the first to scale the heights ; " and most earnestly does he 
 disavow any title to be regarded as, on that occasion, " though 
 second, everywhere the first." 
 
 Calcutta, Jan. 12, 1859. 
 
 APPENDIX G. 
 
 EXTRACT >om the "History of the Service of the 78th 
 Highlanders." 
 
 On the 26tli of January the 2nd Brigade was paraded to wit- 
 ness the presentation of six good conduct medals to men of 
 the 78th Hio-hlanders, on which occasion Sir James Outram 
 addressed the regiment in a most complimentary manner ; the 
 
411 
 
 substance of his speech he conveyed In a letter to Brigadier 
 Hamilton, of which the following is a co-pj : — 
 
 My dear Brigadier, Camp, Alum Bdgh, 26th Jan. 1858. 
 
 I should be very sorry that the 78th should attribute 
 anything I said to-day to the excitement of the moment, and 
 therefore somewhat more perhaps than what I would deliberately 
 record. What I. did say is what I really feel, and what I am 
 sure must be the sentiment of every Englishman who knows 
 what the 78th has done during the past year; and I had fully 
 weighed what I should say, before I went to parade. 
 
 While fresh in my mind, I will here record what I did say, 
 in case you may think my deliberately and conscientiously 
 expressed testimony to the merits of your noble regiment of 
 any value. 
 
 The following is the spirit, and I think almost literally what 
 I said: — 
 
 " 78th Highlanders, — I gladly seize the opportunity of the 
 brigade being assembled to witness the presentation of good con- 
 duct medals to some of your deserving comrades, to say a few 
 words to you ; to tell you of my high estimation of the very ad- 
 mirable conduct of the whole regiment during the year, com- 
 pleted to-morrow, that I have been associated with you in the 
 field, commencing in Persia. 
 
 " Yom- exemplary conduct, 78th, in every respect, through- 
 out the past eventful year, I can truly say, and / do most 
 emphaticalhj declare, has never been surpassed by any troops 
 of any nation in any age, whether for indomitable valour in 
 the field, or steady discipline in the camp, under an amount of 
 fighting, hardship, and privation such as British troops have 
 seldom, if ever, heretofore been exposed to. 
 
 " The cheerfulness with which you have gone through all 
 this, has excited my admiration as much as the undaunted 
 pluck with which you always close with the enemy whenever 
 you can get at him, no matter what his odds against you are, 
 or what the advantage of Ms position ; and my feelings are but 
 those of your countrymen all over the world, who are now 
 watching your career with intense interest. 
 
 " I trust that it will not be long before the campaifn will be 
 brought to a glorious conclusion, by the utter destruction of the 
 hosts of rebels in our front, on the capture of this doomed city, 
 their last refuge ; and I am sure that you, 78th, who will have 
 borne the brunt of the war so gloriously from first to last, when 
 you return to old England, will be hailed and rewarded by your 
 grateful and admirhig countrymen, as the band of heroes, as 
 which you so well deserve to be regarded. 
 
 " Good and glorious as your conduct has been, 78th, your 
 
412 
 
 goodness and your glory has been nobly emulated by all the 
 troops of this division, which have shared your toils, your 
 dangers, and your triimiphs. To them also my acknowledg- 
 ments are due, and they will be gratefully tendered when oppor- 
 tunity offers. 
 
 " Especially to the gallant 90th, now at your side, as they 
 have ever stood by you, fought with you, and suffered with you, 
 since we crossed the Ganges together. The great and brilliant 
 services rendered by the 90th in the Crimean war, even they 
 have been eclipsed by what it has already done in India. 
 
 " Nor must we forget, 78th, your gallant comrades of the 
 64th, though no longer with us, who served with you in Persia, 
 served with you here, and have suffered as you have done. No, 
 I shall not forget the 64th in a hurry, nor shall I forget you. 
 
 " Very sincerely yours, 
 (Signed) « J. Odtram." 
 
 To Brigadier Hamilton, Commanding 2nd Brigade, 
 Oude Field Force. 
 
 (True extract.) 
 
 G. D. Barker, Lieut, and Adjt, 78th HigJdanders. 
 
 London : Printed by Smith, Elder & Co., Little Green Arbour Court, E.G. 
 
 1^ 
 
LOAN DEPT. 
 
 , . J - «n the last date stamped below, or 
 Renewed books are.subiect »|mmed«ter«aa 
 
 LD 2lA-50m-8,'61 
 (C1795sl0)476B 
 
 General Library . 
 Uni^rsity of California 
 
 Berkeley 
 
U.C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES 
 
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