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THE 
 
 CjjaritJeH nf fntihii. 
 
 COMPREHENDING THE 
 
 BENEVOLENT, EDUCATIONAL, AND RELIGIOUS 
 INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 THEIR ORIGIN AND DESIGN, PROGRESS, AND 
 PRESENT POSITION. 
 
 SAMPSON LOW, Junior. 
 
 That renown our city." 
 
 -"These are the memorials 
 
 DEDICATED, BY SPECIAL FEBMISSION, TO 
 
 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE ALBERT. 
 
 LONDON : 
 SAMPSON LOW, 169, FLEET STREET. 
 
 M.DCCC.L. 
 
hV 
 
 .b 
 
 
 ^^WA'^ 
 
 C.^^'^"^' 
 
 l-O.NDON : 
 BICUA'^DS, PBI.VTLB, 100, ST. MARTIs's LANK. 
 
WHOSE MUNIFICENT PATRONAGE OF BRITISH CHARITIES 
 ADDiS LUSTRE TO THE DIGNITY OP HIS EXALTED STATION, 
 THIS VOLUME, WITH HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS'S GRACIOUS 
 PERMISSION, IS RESPECTFULLY AND MOST GRATEFULLY 
 INSCRIBED, 
 
 BY HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS'S FAITHFUL 
 
 AND VERY OBEDIENT SERVANT, 
 
 SAMPSON LOW, JUNB. 
 
 iS^S^ 
 
An attempt has been made in the following pages to 
 afiford an impartial and comprehensive statement of 
 the charities in our great metropolis and its vicinity, 
 with the two-fold purpose and hope, of assistmg the 
 benevolent to apply the benefits required by the necessi- 
 tous, — and of presenting, by a concise exposition of ob- 
 jects, operations, and means of support of each institution, 
 their corresponding claims to individual cooperation : and 
 should the work be favoured with anything of a circula- 
 tion, the author looks forward with some degree of hope 
 to its being recognized by the liberal, as an interesting 
 and judicious companion in the arrangement of their 
 benefactions ; and by the inquirer on behalf of the un- 
 fortunate and afflicted, as a serviceable and trustworthy 
 guide. 
 
 A lengthened table of contents, and its essential auxi- 
 liary, a copious index, being given, and each chapter 
 preceded by remarks on the general character of the 
 institutions therein contained, accompanied by what he 
 hopes will prove useful as well as interesting statistics, 
 but little is left for the author to notice, except refer- 
 ence to, or explanation of, one or two points for which 
 a preface is generally, if at all, consulted. 
 
 First, in regard to the general character of the book, 
 and the information it affords; as some guarantee may 
 be expected of its authenticity and pretensions to cor- 
 rectness, it may be well to state, that it has chiefly been 
 gleaned from the publications of the institutions them- / 
 selves, from personal inquiry and investigation thereon, 
 
and from communications with the persons who take 
 active interest in the administration of their funds and 
 general management. The endeavour has been to render, 
 under each institution, a distinct and full account, ab- 
 stracted from the general connexion running throughout, 
 so as for all pui'poses of reference to require the perusal 
 of such account alone. On the one hand, this variety of 
 sources from whence the information is obtained, num- 
 bering, in publications alone, five hundred, all requiring 
 careful consideration, will secure some allowance for 
 inadvertent errors and omissions ; and on the other, the 
 desire to render the information distinct, will account 
 for much of the desultory character of the work as a 
 composition. 
 
 Beyond these sources from whence the materials of 
 the work have been derived, the author's acknowledg- 
 ments are specially due to the assistance he has had 
 rendered him in the course of his inquiries by personal 
 friends, and by the secretaries of several of the societies : 
 and it is gratifying to be able to recur to the rarity of 
 instances he has met with of disinclination to afford the 
 required particulars. The plan of the present work, it is 
 well to add, has been chiefly founded upon two little pub- 
 lications, which may be well termed its pioneers. The 
 first, compiled in 1836, with the assistance of John 
 Brownlow, Esq., entitled, A Pocket Guide to the Chari- 
 ties of London. — The second, an enlargement of the 
 same work, and published in 1844, under the title of 
 The Metropolitan Charities, compiled by the present 
 writer. Amongst other works consulted for the purpose, 
 and to which, in each case where quotations have been 
 made, reference has been given, are Highmore's Chari- 
 ties of London ; various papers in Knight's London, 
 by Messrs. Piatt, Saunders, and others ; Report of the 
 Commissioners on Endowed Charities — (Sherwood) ; 
 Parliamentary Returns and Reports of the latest date ; 
 Mr. P. Cunningham's London; Mr. H. Dixon's Pri- 
 sons of London; Mr. Haydn's valuable Dictionary of 
 
Dates ; Dr. Hoole's History of Missions ; Liber Scholas- 
 ticus, and other works, the omission of particular refer- 
 ence to which is anything but intentional. 
 
 Secondly, as regards arrangement of detail, the de- 
 sire having been to show no preference in order of 
 arrangement, or otherwise, wherever there are two or 
 more institutions of the same character, the date of 
 organization has invariably decided the point of prece- 
 dence. The titles of each institution have had particular 
 attention paid to them, with a view of the work being 
 useful, amongst other pui^poses, as a legal reference ; 
 and for this end, as well as to avoid confusion with 
 recently defunct societies, a list of such will be found 
 appended at the end. With respect to the amount of 
 income of each society, and other statistics relating 
 thereto, it was the desire, in accordance with repeated 
 suggestions, to have afforded a more definite and com- 
 parative tabular view of such details respectively, but 
 qualifying causes could not then have been given ; and, 
 in some few instances, it was found such information, 
 however interesting, might tell injuriously. The author, 
 therefore, has contented himself with presenting a con- 
 densed summary of such statistics at the commencement 
 of each chapter ; and under the account of the various 
 institutions respectively, the same in detail. His simple 
 object, as before stated, has been, without fear or favour, 
 fairly to represent every London charity ; but not for 
 the purpose of satisfying mere curiosity; and much 
 would he regret to prejudice unnecessarily the judgment 
 against any one, even by inference. 
 
 Lastly, much extraneous information will be found, not 
 strictly within the pretensions of the work ; and perhaps 
 several institutions may be inserted, which cannot, by any 
 construction, be termed charities. But it is hoped the 
 desire to render perfect, by affording the collateral and 
 additional information where it was difficult to draw the 
 distinction, will not obtain for it the character of omit- 
 ting others between which a gi'eater affinity may appear 
 
to exist, — the author undertaking to render complete 
 such only as come within the description of London 
 charities. In his desire to prevent this volume from 
 extending to an unnecessary length, he has also been 
 compelled, in many instances, to limit his notice, and to 
 withhold secondary information which he has acquired 
 in the course of his investigations ; but he takes this 
 opportunity of stating that he shall at all times be happy 
 to answer inquiries respecting matters connected there- 
 with, or to render any assistance in his power to those 
 who are either desirous of assisting the institutions 
 themselves,! or of obtaining the benefit of their opera- 
 tions for their fellow-creatures. 
 
 The publication is now committed to the public in the 
 earnest hope that the labour bestowed upon it has not 
 been in vain. Whatever its shortcomings and imper- 
 fections, it must, to a certain extent, be deemed valu- 
 able, as presenting not only a condensed view of what 
 is effected, but because it will have the tendency of 
 stimulating to further efforts, by developing what is 
 left undone. As a whole, it cannot fail to be recog- 
 nized as a splendid memorial of our city's wealth and 
 liberality, and it will serve to illustrate, to an important 
 extent, that Christianity is the actuating principle of 
 our social usefulness no less than individual virtue ; for 
 the constraining influence of the love of Christ is, and 
 ever must be, the grand motive which prompts to admi- 
 nister help in destitution and relief in suffering. To 
 this fostering principle, it is to be hoped, may be traced 
 the chief portion of this machinery of benevolence, no 
 less than our own sympathies in its behalf, and our own 
 contributions and exertions for its support, — for " the 
 end of the commandment is charity," and " love is the 
 
 ^ With a view of rendering such information complete, as well as 
 securing correct accounts of each society for future editions of our work, 
 it is particularly requested of the secretaries or other managers, that a 
 copy of every new report of their institutions be forwarded to the pub- 
 lisher; as also intimation of vacancies, appointments, alterations of rules, 
 etc. 
 
fulfilling of the law"; without Christian charity, we are 
 assured that " all our doings are nothing worth". No 
 words, perhaps, can better serve as a conclusion to these 
 few prefatory remarks, than the beautiful collect of the 
 English Church, the spirit of which ought to encom- 
 pass all our charitable efforts, and peculiarly applicable, 
 in its comprehensive words, to the present volume : — 
 " O Lord, who has taught us that all our doings without 
 " Charity are nothing worth, send thy Holy Ghost, and 
 " pour into our hearts that most excellent gift of Charity, 
 " the very bond of peace and of all virtues ; without 
 " which, whosoever liveth is counted dead before thee. 
 " Grant this for thine only Son Jesus Christ's sake. 
 *' Amen." 
 
 S. L. 
 
 Great James-street, Bedford-row. 
 June I, 1850. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 CHAEITIES FOR AFFORDING MEDICAL TREATMENT AND RELIEF. 
 
 The five Royal Hospitals enumerated and referred to. — Remarks upon 
 Hospital accommodation. — The General Hospitals: — St. Bar- 
 tholomew's. — St. Thomas's. — ^Westminster. — Guy's. — St. George's. 
 — London. — Middlesex. — Charing Cross. — Royal Free.— King's 
 College. — University. — Mai-ylebone ... . .1 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 HOSPITALS, INFIRMARIES, AND OTHER MEDICAL INSTITU- 
 TIONS FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 
 
 Seaman's Hospital. — Spanish and Portuguese Jews'. — German Hos- 
 pital. — London Fever. — Hospitals and Infirmaries for Consump- 
 tion. — Sanatorium for Madeira. — Royal Sea-bathing Infirmary. — 
 lying-in Charities. — Hospitals for Women and Children. — Small- 
 pox Hospital and Vaccination Institutions. — Ophthalmic. — Diseases 
 of the Ear. — Orthopoedic Hospital. — Spinal Institutions. — Lock 
 Hospital. — Fistula and Truss Societies. — Glandrilar and Skin Dis- 
 eases. — Convalescent and Invalid Asylums. — Lunatic and Idiot 
 Asylums, — Training Institutions for Nurses . . . .19 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 DISPENSARIES FOR GENERAL PURPOSES. 
 
 General remarks. — Central disti-icts. — Northern districts. — Southern 
 distiicts. — Eastern districts. — Western districts. — Homoeopathic . 61 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 FOR THE PRESERVATION OF HUMAN LIFE, HEALTH, AND 
 PUBLIC MORALS. 
 
 The Humane Societies. — Sanitary Improvement Measures. — Model 
 Buildings for Poor. — Establishments for Baths andWashhouses. — 
 Early Closing. — Temperance Societies. — Prevention of Vice 
 
CONTENTS. XI 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 CHARITIFS FOR RECLAIMING THE FALLEN, THE REFORMATION 
 OF CRIMINALS, AND STATING THE PROGRESS OF CRIME. 
 
 The Foundling, Magdalen, and Lock Hospitals. — Female Peniten- 
 tiaries. — Philanthropic Societies lor Females, and Reformation of 
 Young Offenders. — Schools of Reform and Occupation. — General 
 Penitentiaries . . . . . . . .(95 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 CHARITIES FOR THE RELIEF OF THE DESTITUTE AND 
 DISTRESSED. 
 
 Institutions affording immediate Food and Shelter. — The Mendicity. 
 — The Nightiy Shelters for the Houseless. — The contemplated Sa- 
 maritan Society. — Coal, Bread, and Soup Societies. — Institutions 
 for visiting, investigating, and relieving the Necessitous. — The 
 Strangers' Friend. — The General District Visiting Society. — The 
 New General Association. — Local Visiting Societies . . 116 
 
 CHAPTER VIL 
 
 SOCIETIES FOR THE RELIEF OF THE DISTRESS OF PARTICULAR 
 CLASSES. 
 
 Widows.— Prisoners for Debt. — Destitute Sailors. — Distressed Scotch. 
 — Foreigners in Distress — French — Germans — Poles — and Jews. 
 — Summary of Jewish Charities for the Poor . . . .134 
 
 CHAPTER VIIL 
 
 FOR DIMINISHING DISTRESS, AND AIDING THE RESOURCES 
 OF THE INDUSTRIOUS. 
 
 National Philanthropic Association for the Employment of Able- 
 bodied Paupers. — Plan for Church of England Self-supporting Vil- 
 lage Institution. — Emigration: the Societies for its Promotion. — '•; 
 Scale of Reduced Payments for Colonial Emigration. — Emigration 
 to Port Natal. — The Canterbury Settlement. — Female Emigration. 
 — Funds for Promoting the Social and Religious Improvement of 
 the Emigrants. — Distressed Needlewomen's Society. — Dressmakers' 
 and Milliners' Association. — Homes, and other Institutions, for 
 Female Servants. — Deferred Annuities rendered available to Fe- 
 male Servants — Servants' Benevolent Society. — Loan Societies: 
 the Difficulty of their Existence upon Benevolent Principles. — Par- 
 ticulars of those now in Existenoe.^ — Apprenticeship Societies. — 
 Bequests for Loans — Fees — and Marriage Portions. — Savings' 
 Banks : their Origin, — Summary of those in London, with the Rate 
 of Interest allowed by each, and the Amount of Deposits, &c. — 
 Savings' Working Banks, and Penny Banks .... 148 
 
XU CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 CHARITIKS FOB THE BLIND, AND DEAF, AND DCMB. 
 
 Visiting the Indigent Blind —Teaching the Blind to read. — School 
 for the Indigent Blind. — Annuities for the Necessitous Blind. — 
 Asylum for the Education and Support of the Indigent Deaf and 
 Dumb. — Charitable and ProvidentFund forthe Deaf and Dumb. — 
 Employment and Keligious Instruction of the Adult Deaf and 
 Dumb . . ....... 179 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 CHAHITABLE GIFTS ARISING FROM ENDOWMENTS AND GIFTS. 
 
 The Companies of the City of London in their Charitable Character. 
 — Their origin. — The extent of their Trusts for Gifts and other cha- 
 ritable purposes.- A Summary of the principal charitably endowed. 
 — Parochial and other Trusts referred to. —The Patriotic Fund. — 
 Cholmondeley Charity.— The Maundy Gifts.- The Flood Distribu- 
 tion ......... 190 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 ASYLUMS FOR THE AGED. 
 
 General Remarks upon their Number, Value, and Annual Endow, 
 ment — Comparative decrease of Foundations, with gradual rise 
 of Workhouses, and increased Poor's-Rate. — General Summary of 
 present condition, &c. — St. Katharine's Hospital, Whittington's 
 College, and other similar Establishments, arranged according to 
 date of original foundation. — Stafford's Almshouses, and general 
 condensed Account of the Endowed Almshouses connected with the 
 Metropolis. — Licensed Victuallers', and Asylums of more recent 
 establishment ........ 203 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 CHARITABLE AND BENEVOLENT PENSION SOCIETIES. 
 
 The peculiar recommendation of Charitable Pension Societies ; their 
 modem Establishment and present Extent.— General Summary of 
 Incomes, Number of Pensioners, etc. — The National Benevolent — 
 Flan of Polling Votes ; the Aggregate, and the Year's Polls. — City 
 of London. — Royal General, and other Pension Societies. — The new 
 institution. The British Beneficent. — Weekly Pensions for Poorer 
 Classes. — For Roman Catholics.— Fund for Natives of Cumberland, 
 and for Masons .... ... 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 CHARITABLE AND PROVIDENT BENEFIT SOCIETIES. 
 
 Their general Character, Objects, and Operation, and relative Extent, 
 considered.— The three classes of Charitable, Provident and Bene- 
 volent, and Provident — Queen Anne's Bounty, and other Funds, 
 for Clergymen and Ministers.— The Literary Fund, and Societies 
 
CONTENTS. XUl 
 
 for Artists. — Schoolmasters and Governesses. — Naval and Mili- 
 tary. — Choral.— Law. — Medical. — Booksellers' and other Profes- 
 sion and Trade Funds. — Funds for the Distressed amongst old 
 Etonians and Blues ; also. Foundlings in old age . . . 247 
 
 CHAPTEB XIT. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL CHARITIES FOR ORPHANS AND OTHER 
 NECESSITOUS CHILDREN. 
 
 General Statement of Asylums : their Number, Income, and Extent. 
 Orphan Asylums : The Clergy. — Female Orphan. — Orphan Work- 
 ing. — London. — British. — Adult. — Infants". — Cholera. —Agricultu- 
 ral. — And Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans. General Asylums : St. 
 Anne's. — Bancroft's. — Raine's. — The Ladies'. — For Training Ser- 
 vsmts. — French Protestant. — Welsh.^Caledoniau. — St. Patrick's. — 
 Westmoreland. — Yorkshire. — Masonic. — Travellers'. — Victuallers'. 
 — And Naval and Marine. Parochial Schools : their Origin, Bene- 
 fits, and present Extent, — Examples afforded. Schools of Local 
 Character, or specified objects : Germans. — Associated Catholic. — 
 Irish Schools. — And Jewish Charities . . • . 291 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS, COLLEGES, AND GRAMMAR 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 Extent of the Endowments for Classical and Grammar Schools. — 
 Their Value to the Middle Classes. — Their Origin and Progress. — 
 Value of London Endowments : of Rugby and Tunbridge Schools. 
 — Summary of Educational Endowments in London, Classical 
 Fovindation Schools : St. Paul's and Mercers' Schools. — Christ's 
 Hospital. — Merchant Taylors'. — Westminster. — Charter House, — 
 and others. — Summary of Schools originally Grammar and Classi- 
 cal. — Collegiate Lectures, etc. — Colleges and Modem Schools : 
 Stepney. — Highbury. — Homerton. — St. John's Wood, etc. — Univer- 
 sity College and King's College. — Queen's College. — City of Lon- 
 don. — Islington. — Philological School, — and others. — Royal Aca- 
 demy of Music. — And Royal Naval and Female Schools. . . 326 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 INSTITUTIONS FOR AIDING AND IMPROVING NATIONAL EDUCATION. 
 
 The Object of promoting Christian Knowledge closely identified with 
 that of educating the Poor. — The Necessity for Extension of Na- 
 tional Education recognized. — The Difl'erence of Opinion as to its 
 Character. — Secular and Religious Education. — Views of the pre- 
 sent Government, and their Measures — Summary of the Institu- 
 tions contained in this Chapter, with their Aggregate Amount of 
 Income, etc. — Committee of Privy Council. — Kneller Hall. — Bell 
 and Lancaster's First Efforts. — The British, National, Infant, and 
 other School Societies. — Metropolitan School Statistics. — Metropo- 
 
:1V CONTENTS. 
 
 litan and Cheltenham Training Schools. — Educational Boards. — 
 Institutions for the Diffusion of Christian Knowledge and Influence. 
 — Lord's Pay Society. — Protestant and Reformation Societies. — 
 Church Extension and Clerical Aid Fund.— Christian Visiting, hy 
 Pastoral and Lay Agents. — Ragged Schools. — Cottage Schools.— "^ 
 Sunday Schools. — Institute for Teachers. — Young Men's Societie*. 365 
 
 CH.\PTER XVII. 
 
 BIBLE AND MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 The Missionary Cause. — Its comparatively feeble Agencies. — Total 
 Amount expended through the Metropolitan Societies. — A General 
 Summary of their present Resources and Extent. — Bible Societies: 
 The British and Foreign. — The Trinitarian, — and Naval and Mili- 
 tary. — Missionary Societies of General Operations, aiTanged accord- 
 ing to Date of Organization: The Gospel. — The Baptist. — The 
 London. — The Church. — The Wesleyan. — Female Education in the 
 East — The Scotch Church. — Continental : The Foreign Aid. — Co- 
 lonial: The Negro Conversion. — The Mico Fund. — Newfoundland. 
 — The Ladies'. — Negro Society. — Colonial Church. — Bishoprics' 
 Fund. — The Colonial, with oiher Funds connected with the Baptist 
 and Congregational Unions. — Mission and School Societies for Ire- 
 land and Scotland : London Hibernian — Ladies' ditto. — Sunday 
 School.— Religious Tract. — Scripture Reader.— Irish Society. — 
 Irish Church Missions. — Royal Highland School. — Scottish Epis- 
 copal. — Jewish Missions, etc. : The London — The British. — The 
 Operative Convert. — Moral Improvement and Training of Jews : 
 The Ladies' Society. — The Industrial Society. — The Syrian Educa- 
 tion, — and German Mission ...... 403 
 
 CHAPTER XVin. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Institutions not comprehended under previous subjects. — Evangelical 
 Alliance. — Peace Society. — Aborigines Society. — Anti-Slavery So- 
 ciety. — Blockade of the African Coast. — Petition of the Church 
 Missionary Society. — African Civilization. — Temporary Funds for 
 Irish Disti-ess, and British Workpeople in France. — Irish Amelio- 
 ration Society. — List of Societies ceased to exist, within the last few 
 years.— Form of Cliaritable Bequest. — Congregational Associations 
 and Collections : Examples aff'orded of Amounts in aid for one 
 year, with usual Local Charities attached to Parish Churches, and 
 District and Dissenting Chapels. — General Summary and Review. 
 — Concluding Remarks. .... . . 4.33 
 
 Index ......... 464 
 
 Errata . . ....... 473 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 CHARITIES FOR AFFORDING MEDICAL 
 TREATMENT AND RELIEF. 
 
 Thk five Royal Hospitals enumerated and referred to. — Remarks upon 
 Hospital accommodation. 
 
 The General Hospitals : — St. Bartholomew's. — St. Thomas's. — 
 Westminster. — G uy's. — St. George's. — London. — Middlesex. — Char- 
 ing Cross. — Royal Free. — King's College. — University. — Marylebone. 
 
 The Five Royal Hospitals, commonly known as such, 
 and designated "The Koyal Hospitals of the City of London, 
 under the pious care of the Right Honourable the Lord 
 Mayor, Aldermen, and Governors thereof", are referred to 
 here, because often erroneously spoken of as Medical Hos- 
 pitals; particular accounts thereof will be found in their 
 respective divisions in this work ; they are, — St. Baktho- 
 LOMEw's; Christ's Hospital; St. Thomas's; Bridewell; 
 and Bethlehem. 
 
 These establishments were first united for purposes of 
 administration in 1557, and their affairs were managed by 
 one General Board until 1782, when, by an Act passed 22nd 
 George III, cap. 77, it was provided, that they should be 
 under the care of the Corporation, but each placed on its 
 present footing under distinct internal government, with 
 the exception of Bethlehem and Bridewell, which were re- 
 tained under one and the same management. 
 
 1 
 
Qmmi MtWii inspitHls. 
 
 The General Medicai, Hospitals are twelve ; and, with 
 two exceptions, have all been established within the last one 
 hundred and twenty years, five of them within the last 
 thirty-five years ; so that in this respect, at least, we must not 
 give all the credit to a past age. True it is, that the increased 
 value of property has enabled the two old foundations to 
 render one-third of the whole benefits of these hospitals ; 
 but that forms no evidence of a greater exercise of charity 
 than in our own day : and encouraging is it to see the exten- 
 sive and generous exertions daily made for the relief of our 
 fellow-creatures, both medically, pecuniarily, and spiritually. 
 Indeed, upon a review of the diiFerent charities in London, 
 since our inquiry of 1842, we are led to the directly opposite 
 conclusion of Sir Robert Peel's; who stated, two years back, 
 whilst advocating the claims of King's College Hospital, 
 that " there was reason to deplore, as regarded the founda- 
 tion of Hospitals, that charity had waxed cold, and we had 
 much degenerated from the piety of our forefathers. Out of 
 the ten general hospitals of London, seven were in existence 
 one hundred years since. From that time there had only 
 been the addition of three Hospitals, and those on the most 
 limited scale." Now, apart from the false inference respect- 
 ing piety, this statement is at variance with facts, as will at 
 once be seen by comparison with the remark we commenced 
 with and the statistics of our work generally. The right 
 honourable baronet's assertion would not have been quoted 
 here, but for its having apparently been preserved, like many 
 of his dicta, to use as future authority ; and thus it was this 
 portion of a speech of 1847, acquired suflScient prominence 
 in 1850 to merit notice and refutation. Many grounds of 
 abatement to the force of his remarks occur to us ; specially 
 noting, first, the small value of the original foundation of 
 St. Bartholomew's and St. Thomas's Hospitals. The former, 
 Stowe informs us, was, previous to 1544, dependant on an 
 annual income of ,£371, about £290 of which was derived 
 from London rents, (now producing, with recent additions, 
 .£17,000 per annum); and it has been by modern benefactors 
 that the funded property has so greatly increased, that the 
 present total income reaches £'32,000. The latter hospital, 
 we learn from a similar source, had likewise its early strug- 
 gles; so much so, that in 1564, the treasurer for the time 
 was compelled to advance its funds a loan of £100, and, five 
 years afterwards, half that sum was raised by pawning a 
 
EXTENT OF ACCOMMODATION. 
 
 lease. So that the present rich endowment of this hos- 
 pital, of some £25,000 a-year, must be traced more to the 
 same causes, of greatly increased value of rents, and ac- 
 cumulation of benevolent donations of centuries, than to 
 the generosity of any particular age. On the other hand, 
 we can cite signal instances, nearer our own time, of princely 
 generosity, concentrated, singularly enough, on one esta- 
 blishment ; viz., the building and endowment of Guy's by 
 one individual, at an actual cost of ,£220,000, in 1724, 
 and a similar bequest of .£200,000 from another, only in 
 1829 (vide page 9). 
 
 The special hospitals too, such as the Hospital for Con- 
 sumption, and many others referred to in the following 
 pages, with the valuable labours of some thirty or forty 
 modern dispensaries and infirmaries, must all be taken into 
 consideration as developing the exercise of present charitable 
 support towards institutions for medical relief : not to men- 
 tion the recent establishment of the promising Hospital for 
 Marylebone, the exertions on behalf of an extension of 
 the benefits of King's College Hospital, the enlargement of 
 the Middlesex, and the University, and the now, it is to be 
 hoped, really efiicient operations of the Royal Free Hospital. 
 
 There are persons also who draw disparaging comparisons 
 as regards the hospital accommodation of other countries, as 
 well as that of other times. Paris is instanced as affording a 
 more perfect system, and upon a more extensive scale. This 
 is in part true ; and we do not for one moment attempt to 
 maintain that the hospital accommodation for this great 
 metropolis is nearly sufficient : we much wish to see it 
 augmented ; but would hesitate before advocating this to 
 the extent that it is in some of the cities of Europe; for 
 much of a social question is involved in this diflerence, and 
 from the very habits of Englishmen, it would be difficult 
 even to create a demand for hospitals, beyond what is re- 
 quired for the extreme necessities of the poor, or emergent 
 casualties of the wealthier. W6 are nationally adverse 
 to the publicity contingent on hospital treatment, and too 
 much accustomed to the privacy of home and the comforts of 
 domestic arrangements: this may be in part prejudice ; but 
 it is the same feeling actuates the middle and upper classes 
 in this respect, as amongst the poorer orders renders the 
 workhouse a dreaded and last resource. 
 
 In Paris, thirty in every hundred deaths occur within the 
 
§mmi MtWsi inscitals. 
 
 hospitals ; but in London, only five in every hundred : and 
 much as the limited extent of our hospitals accounts for this 
 difference, sure we are that the grounds we have advanced 
 do so more, or the present demand and consequent exertions 
 would bear a closer proportion to the deficiency existing. 
 
 But, however we may admit an inferiority in extent of 
 hospital accommodation, their efficiency as regards skilful 
 treatment and medical science is not to be surpassed ; and 
 as schools for medicine and surgery, their inflluence for 
 universal ultimate benefit is freely acknowledged. Indeed, 
 were our London hospitals viewed only in this light, they 
 would have sufficient claim on public gratitude to merit 
 adequate and liberal support. By them the skill of the most 
 eminent practitioners of the day is made subservient to 
 general benefit ; and thus it may well be said of these 
 institutions, that "their beneficial effects are visible on 
 thousands, and their indirect advantages felt by tens of 
 thousands." 
 
 We have treated of the respective particulars relating to 
 each hospital, under their several titles ; but it may not be 
 uninteresting to conclude these few remarks with their ag- 
 gregate statistics : — 
 
 Present number of General Hospitals : two 
 founded before 1600, five between 1718 
 and 1745, and five between 1818 and 1850 12 
 
 Sum total of annual incomes . . £142,906 
 
 Of which the voluntary contributions com- 
 prise ..... £31,265 
 Making up beds to the number of . . 3,326 
 Capable of affording additional room by a 
 
 slight increase of receipts . . . 796 
 
 Total number of persons under treatment 
 as In and Out-patients during twelve 
 months, 1848-9 .... 329,608 
 
ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S. MMui in5|lital5. A.D. 1122 
 
 ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL, Smithfield. 
 Founded 1102. This establishment was founded by Rahere, 
 the minstrel of King Henry I, who, having founded the 
 Priory of St. Bartholomew in the year 1102, connected with 
 it, about the year 11 22, this hospital " for the continued relief 
 and help of an hundred sore and diseased." At the sup- 
 pression of monasteries in 1537, the Priory and Hospital, 
 and their revenues, came into the possession of Henry VIII ; 
 who, in 1547,1 refounded the hospital by royal charter. 
 
 From this, its second foundation, St. Bartholomew's Hos- 
 pital has increased in three hundred years to more than five 
 times its original extent ; and the Governors have removed 
 within the last seven years valuable property on the North 
 side of the principal entrance in Smithfield, and have erected 
 on the site thereof a spacious Surgery, which is open at all 
 hours of the day and night for persons requiring medical or 
 surgical assistance, with additional wards, and a theatre for 
 operations adjoining. 
 
 All fees on the admission of patients have been abolished ; 
 and the accommodation for the in-patients is so extended as 
 to admit 580 beds. In the year 1848, 71,573 patients were 
 relieved ; including 5,826 in-patients, 19,149 out-patients, 
 and 46,598 casualty. 
 
 The present number of Governors is 339, and the qualifi- 
 cation of a Governor^ is a benefaction of .£100. 
 
 Accidents, and all cases of emergency, are admitted im- 
 mediately ; ordinary cases of disease are admitted by pre- 
 senting themselves at the hospital on Thursdays by 11 
 o'clock. 
 
 Four Scholarships, each tenable for three years, of the 
 annual value of £45 and £50, are available to students, who 
 have likewise the use of the valuable museums of anatomy, 
 
 ^ The greatest individual benefactor to the Hospital, since the founder, 
 was Dr. Radcliffe, who left a foundation of i6oOO a-year " towards mend- 
 ing the diet," and ^100 a-year for purchase of linen." Hogarth was 
 made a Governor for gratuitously painting the grand staircase. 
 
 2 By an act of parliament of 1782 (22nd George III, Chapter 77), 
 the control and management of the Hospital was vested in the President, 
 Treasurer, and Governors, who should be chosen at the General Courts, 
 together with the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of the city of London, and 
 twelve members of the Court of Common Council, appointed by their 
 own body. 
 
ST. THOMAS'. MMUI inSpitalS. A.D. 1553 
 
 materia medica, and botany, and a convenient reading-room, 
 adapted exclusively to the purpose of study ; these form 
 part of the same building as the Medical Theatre (built 
 in 1835), to which the library has been also removed. The 
 Governors have, since 1843, admitted pupils to residence 
 within the walls of the hospitals ; such are termed Collegiate 
 Pupils, 
 
 The income of this hospital averages £32,000 per annum, 
 not more than ^500 of which is derived from present bene- 
 factors ; the chief portion comprising rents of estates in 
 town and country ; the remainder, dividends on stock and 
 annuities. 
 
 A Samaritan Fund was formed in the year 1845, for the 
 purpose of alleviating the wants of poor industrious patients, 
 upon their quitting the hospital, with money, clothes, etc. 
 This fund is dependent upon the voluntary contributions of 
 the Governors and the public, and is altogether distinct from 
 the revenues of the hospital. It is under the management of 
 a committee of the Governors. Since its formation, upwards 
 of 2,000 persons have been partakers of its benefits. 
 
 President, John Kinnersley Hooper, Esq., Alderman. — Trea- 
 surer, James Bentley, Esq.- — Vicar and Hospitaler, Rev. Samuel 
 Wix, M.A. — Assistant Hospitaler, Rev. Walter Mitchell, M.A.— 
 Physicians, Clement Hue, M.D., George Leith Roupell, M.D., 
 George Burrows, M.D. — Assistant Physicians, Frederick Farre, 
 M.D., Henry Jeafireson, M.D., Patrick Black, M.D., — Surgeons, 
 William Lawrence, Esq., Edward Stanley, Esq., Eusebius A. 
 Lloyd, Esq. — Assistant Surgeons, Frederick C. Skey, Esq., Tliomas 
 Wormald, Esq., James Paget, Esq. — Clerk, William Wix, Esq. — 
 Solicitor, Edward Archer Wilde, Esq. — Surveyor, Philip Hard- 
 wick, Esq. — Renter, Mr. lliomas Wilby. — Steward, Mr. Robert 
 Harry Sparkes. — Matron, Miss Charlotte Baker. 
 
 ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL, Southwark. Founded 
 1553,1 for sick and diseased poor persons ; and is one of the 
 five royal foundations. 
 
 During the past year there have been cured and dis- 
 charged from this hospital, of sick, wounded, maimed, and 
 diseased persons, 4,340 in-patients, and 51,996 medical and 
 surgical out-patients, including casualties, some of whom 
 
 ^ Originally a religious establishment ; foimded by the " Prior of Ber- 
 iDondseye" in 1213 ; the estate was surrendered to the king in l.'iiaO, and 
 purchased by the city of Leaden, and a charter obtained, in 1551. 
 
WESTMINSTER. MMui %n5|litfll5. A.D. 1719 
 
 have been relieved with money and necessaries at their de- 
 parture, to accommodate and support them in their journeys 
 to their several habitations. Buried from thence, 276. Re- 
 maining under cure, in-patients, 398 ; out-patients and casu- 
 alties, 2,700 : Total, 59,710. The hospital has accommoda- 
 tion for 428 beds. The two wings were rebuilt upon the 
 formation of the approaches to London Bridge ; and they 
 alone afford room for 160. 
 
 Patients for admission, stating their complaints, may re- 
 ceive a petition at the steward's office, to be signed by a 
 housekeeper, who must engage to remove the patient on dis- 
 charge or death, or pay £l. Is. for funeral. Day of admis- 
 sion, Tuesday morning at ten. 
 
 Surgical accidents are received into the hospital at all 
 hours of the day and night. Very urgent cases of fever and 
 inflammation are also received whenever there is an empty 
 bed. 
 
 The qualification of a Governor is a donation of .£50. 
 " Special Governors" consist chiefly of elected retired officers, 
 and the executors of benefactors. Like the other large hos- 
 pitals, the funds are in a satisfactory condition. The present 
 income averages ^'25,000, very little if any of which depends 
 on the fluctuation of public contributions. The rents of 
 London and country estates alone realize 24,000 a-year, and 
 the dividends about XI, 000.^ 
 
 President, Sir John Pirie, Bart. — Treasurer, Richard Baggallay, 
 Esq. — Hospitaler, Rev. John Teeson, M.A. — Rector, Rev. W. 
 Deey. — Physicians, T. A. Barker, M.D., H. B. Leeson, M.D., 
 J. R. Bennett, M.D. — Assistant Physicians, R. H. Goolden, M.D., 
 D. W. Cohen, M.D., T. B. Peacock, M.D.— Surgeons, Joseph H. 
 Green, John F. South, G. W. M'Murdo, Esqrs. — Assistant Sur- 
 geons, S. Solly, J. Dixon, F. Le Gros Clark, Esqrs. — Apothecary, 
 Mr. G. R. Whitfield.— Clerk, Robert A. Wainewright, Esq.— 
 Steward, Mr. Frederick Walker. 
 
 THE WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL, Broad Sanctuary, 
 opposite Westminster Abbey. Founded 1719. Incorporated 
 1836. It is scarcely credible, so much as is done to provide 
 additional hospital accommodation, that there should remain 
 in this building as many as three wards unfurnished and 
 
 ^ In 1569 the funds were at so low an ebb that a lease was pawned 
 for £oO. 
 
WESTMINSTER. ^MUJ MMI^MS. A.P. 1719 
 
 unoccupied, containing space for as many as fifty beds ; yet 
 so it is, and has been for some years ;i and the committee 
 state in their present report, that in order to render the in- 
 creased benefits available, but ^1500 a-year additional is 
 required. Does it not strike every person who is cognizant 
 of the poverty and distress of the neighbourhood, how pre- 
 ferable it would be at once to aid in extending the useful- 
 ness of a long tried institution, to establishing new ones — so 
 long as the former is capable of being extended ? It is very 
 desirable that the committee should make the fact more 
 known, and that exertion should at once be made. 
 
 The hospital at the present time receives during the year, 
 1,891 in-patients, and treats 13,479 out ; and makes up 174 
 beds : these are always full, and, in consequence, admission 
 is often refused to even argent cases : two-thirds of the cases 
 received have been without letters of recommendation. The 
 committee meet at the hospital every Tuesday at one o'clock. 
 
 Subscribers are entitled to recommend one in-patient and 
 two out-patients for every guinea annual or ^10 donation. 
 Three guineas annual, or .£30 donation, constitutes a Gover- 
 nor. As before intimated, the funds are greatly below the 
 needful extent of the hospital ; its present amount of income 
 is but £4,000, nearly half of which arises from dividend^ of 
 what is now rapidly decreasing stock. It is the oldest hos- 
 pital supported by voluntary contributions. 
 
 Lithotriptic Fund — lately handed over to this hospital, was 
 raised for the express purpose of founding an institution for 
 special treatment of patients. Sufficient, however, not 
 being collected, it is in immediate contemplation to open 
 one of the unoccupied wards for the purpose. The amount 
 in hand for this is as yet, however, only j£l,319. 
 
 Incurable Patients.'^ Attached to this hospital is likewise a 
 fund, consisting of the dividends of about .£17,000, disbursed 
 " for the maintenance, clothing, etc., of seven incurable pa- 
 tients for one year," at an annual cost of .£503, including 
 wages and board of one nurse for them. 
 
 President, the Duke of Northumberland. — Treasurers: the 
 Hon. Philip PleydeU Bouverie ; Charles Hoare, Esq. — Consult- 
 ing Physician, John Bright, M.D. — Physicians : G. Hamilton 
 
 ^ The present building was erected in 1834. The old Hospital had 
 accommodation for 90 beds only. 
 ^ Incurable Patients — vide note at foot of Middlesex Hospital. 
 
GUY'S. Mi'hM inspitals. a.d. 1724 
 
 Roe, M.D., P. Nugent Kingston, MD., W. R. Basham, M.D. 
 — Consulting Surgeon, G. J. Guthrie, Esq. — Surgeons : W. B. 
 Lynn, Esq., F. Hale Thomson, Esq., B. Phillips, Esq., Barnard 
 W. Holt, Esq. — Dentist, J. Chitty Glen don, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. 
 Hoare, Fleet-street. — Chaplain, Rev. William Henry Cope, M.A. 
 — Apothecary, Mr. F. W. Barlow. — Cupper and Collector, Mr. G. 
 F. Knox.— Matron, Miss Elizabeth Eager. — Secretary, Mr. F. J. 
 Wilson. 
 
 GUrS HOSPITAL, Southwark. Founded 1724. For 
 sick and diseased poor persons, both as in and out-patients, 
 making up 580 beds. The average number of in-patients at 
 one time is 500, and the entire annual average of patients, 
 50,000. The admission is on Wednesday at ten o'clock. 
 Accidents are taken in at all times. Physicians' out-patients 
 must apply at ten o'clock on Friday mornings. Surgeons' 
 out-patients at ten o'clock on Thursday mornings. Attend- 
 ance at the Surgery every day from eleven till two o'clock. 
 The recommendation of a Governor is not requisite. 
 
 The Lunatic Hoiuse is a department peculiar to this hos- 
 pital. The usual number of patients is from twenty to thirty, 
 as provided for by the founder. They have a spacious air- 
 ing ground and garden appropriated for their use and recre- 
 ation at the rear of the building. 
 
 This hospital was founded at the sole cost and charges of 
 Thomas Guy, Esq.,l who not only spent upwards of £18,000 
 on the building during his life-time, but endowed it with the 
 sum of £219,429 ; the largest sum that has ever been left 
 by an individual to charitable purposes. 
 
 The annual income is now between £25,000 and £30,000, 
 arising chiefly from estates purchased with the valuable be- 
 quests of Guy and Hunt, in the counties of Essex, Hereford, 
 
 ^ A bookseller in Lombard street, who amassed a large fortune by 
 the sale of bibles, purchasiug seamen's tickets, and transfer of South Sea 
 stock, etc. Mr. Guy was a native of Tamworih, in Staffordshire, and 
 died, at the age of eighty, December 27. 1724, having lived to see his 
 hospital covered with the roof; and on the 24th of January following, 60 
 patients were received into the hospital. Previous to his conceiving the 
 design of this institution, he had been a large contributor to the funds of 
 St. ThoTnas's. His noble example, extensive as was its practice, singu- 
 larly enough has been followed by Mr. Hunt, a gentleman residing at 
 Petersham, who, in 1829, left a sum of J200,000 to this same hospital, 
 stipulating for the provision of additional accommodation for 100 patients. 
 
10 
 
 ST. GEORGE'S. Mj^M MMljiMS, A.D. 1733 
 
 and Lincoln. The affairs of the hospital are directed by a 
 committee of Governors. The usual number of Governors is 
 sixty, who are self-elective. The oiEce cannot be constituted 
 by any contribution, and there is no published list of them. 
 
 President, Charles Barclay, Esq. — Treasurer, Bonamy Dobree, 
 Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. T. H. Bullock, M.A. — Physicians : Richd 
 Bright, M.D. (Consulting Physician) ; Thomas Addison, M.D. 
 Benjamin G. Babington, M.D. ; Geo. H. Barlow, M.D. — Assist 
 ant Physicians : Henry M. Hughes, M.D. ; G. O. Rees, M.D. 
 Golding Bird, M.D. — Surgeons : Bransby B. Cooper, Edw. Cock 
 and John Hilton, Esqrs. — Assistant Surgeons : Mr. Birkett, Mr, 
 Poland. — Apothecary, Mr. J. Stocker. — Steward, Mr. J. Browell 
 — Accountant, Mr. William R. Arnold. — Clerk Reg., Mr. Wm, 
 Taylor, 
 
 ST, GEORGE'S HOSPITAL, near Hyde Park-corner. 
 Instituted 1733. Incorporated 1824. No patient is admitted 
 (except in cases of accident) without the recommendation of 
 a Governor or Subscriber, that he or she is a proper object 
 of charity. Such recommendations must be delivered on 
 Wednesday morning by half-past eleven o'clock, 
 
 A benefaction of .£50, or 5 guineas annually, constitutes a 
 Governor, entitled to have one in-patient and two out-pa- 
 tients always on the books. 2 guineas annually entitle 
 to recommend two in-patients annually, and have two out- 
 patients always on the books, 
 
 St. George's Charity for Convalescents is a fund attached 
 to this hospital, similar to the "Samaritan Fund" of the other 
 hospitals, and is subject to the rules established for the hos- 
 pital. The business is transacted at the meetings of the 
 Weekly Boards and General Courts. One guinea annually, 
 or 10 guineas donation, constitutes a Governor of this fund. 
 
 In consequence of the extensive demands on this charity, 
 the expenditure has so far increased over the receipts, as to 
 cause the necessity of selling out as much as £5,000 stock in 
 the past year alone. The annual amount of subscriptions is 
 under J4,500, and the dividends under £3,000. The ex- 
 penses, on the other hand, exceed these amounts by nearly 
 J3,000. 
 
 The number of patients experiencing the benefits during 
 the past year "was — in-patients, 3,643 ; half of whom were 
 from accidents, without recommendations. Of these, 305 
 remained in the hospital at the beginning of the year, 1673 
 
11 
 
 THE LONDON. W'^M llflSpitalS. A.D. 1740 
 
 were discharged cured, and 836 made out-patients. Out- 
 patients, 7943 ; of whom 5421 were discharged cured, and 
 797 remained on the books at the close of the year.' 
 
 Patron and President, The Queen. — Treasurer, C. Dnimmond, 
 J. V. Thompson, Esqrs. — Physicians : Dr. Wilson, Dr. Nairne, 
 Dr. Page, Dr. Bence Jones.- — Assistant Physicians : Dr. Pitman, 
 Dr. Fuller. — Surgeons: Robert Keate, Esq. ; Caesar Hawkins, Esq. ; 
 Edward Cutler, Esq. ; Thomas Tatum, Esq.- — Assistant Surgeons : 
 Henry Charles Johnson, Esq. ; Prescott Hewett, Esq. — Visiting 
 Apothecaries : H. P. Fuller, Esq. ; E. Tegart, Esq. ; E. D. Moore, 
 Esq. ; J. Merriman, Esq. — Surveyor, Arthur Mee, Esq. — Resident 
 Chaplain, Rev. J. B. Morewood, M.A. — Apothecary, Mr. Ham- 
 merton. — Secretary, Mr. Gunning. — Assist. Apothecary, Mr. Pot- 
 ter. — Curator, Mr. Henry Gray. — Matron, Mrs. Hains. — House 
 Stewardj Mr. Newns. — Collector, Mr. liewns. 
 
 TEE LONDON HOSPITAL, Whitechapel-road. Insti- 
 tuted 1740. Incorporated 1759. Poor objects, recommended 
 as in-patients, are gratuitously supplied with advice, medi- 
 cine, diet, washing, lodging, and other comfortable support, 
 and, in case of death, they are buried at the expense of the 
 charity, if not removed by their friends. But parish poor, or 
 soldiers, cannot be admitted, until the Governors recom- 
 mending them, or the churchwardens and overseers of the 
 parish of such poor, have engaged to pay for them respect- 
 ively 'dd. per day. Out-patients have advice and medicines 
 administered daily. All cases which require immediate aid, 
 are admitted at any hour of the day or night, without re- 
 commendation. 
 
 The number of in-patients admitted during the past year 
 was 4185 -,2 of whom 2442 were cases of accident; and the 
 number of out-patients treated, was 28,614. The total num- 
 ber of poor relieved since the foundation of the hospital is 
 estimated at 904,710. The number of in-patients at one time 
 varies from 312 to 340 ; but the recent extension of the east 
 wing will increase the accommodation as funds will permit. 
 
 The necessary expenditure having for some few years 
 generally exceeded the income, a decrease of funded property 
 has been the result. This decrease, in the ten years ending 
 
 •^ This hospital took its rise from a party of the Governors of West- 
 minster Hospital dissenting therefrom. They first established it at Lanes- 
 borough House, 1733. 
 
 ^ Each for an average period of one month. 
 
12 
 
 MIDDLESEX. MttM in5|lital5. A.D. 1745 
 
 January 1849, amounted to upwards of ,£5,000; whilst, dur- 
 ing the same period, the number of patients annually treated 
 had increased from 12,816 to 24,799. The present annual in- 
 come averages £13,000, only £2,000 of which is from volun- 
 tary sources, and the expenditure exceeds this amount by 
 £1,980. 
 
 Five guineas annual, or 30 guineas donation, constitutes 
 a Governor, entitled to recommend one in-patient and four 
 out-patients at a time. Subscribers of one guinea annually 
 may send out-patients. 
 
 A Samaritan Society^ is appended to this hospital, for the 
 benefit of those who have been recovered within the institu- 
 tion, and have no home or asylum to receive them ; to aid in 
 removing others whose friends reside at distant parts of the 
 country : and, where necessary, for affording sea-air to the 
 convalescent, by sending them to the Sea-Bathing Infirmary 
 at Margate. One guinea annually, or 5 guineas at one time, 
 constitutes a Member. 
 
 President, His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge. — 
 Treasurer, Leonard Currie, Esq. — Physicians : Frederick Cobb, 
 M.D. ; Algernon Frampton, M.D. ; William John Little, M.D. — 
 Assistant Physicians : Jonathan Pereira, M.D. ; Patrick Fraser, 
 M.D. ; Herbert Davies, M.D. — Surgeons : James Luke, Esq. ; 
 John Adams, Esq. ; Thomas Blizard Curling, Esq. — Assistant 
 Surgeons ; George Critchett, Esq. ; Nathaniel Ward, Esq. ; John 
 Cawood Wordsworth, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. Thomas Ward, M.A. 
 — House Coroner, Robert John Hill, Esq. — Apothecary, Samuel 
 Jesup Burch, Esq. — Dispensers : Messrs. William T. Fewtrell, and 
 Thomas Henry Tiastin.- — Matron, Mrs. Nelson. — Clerk, Mr. Cappe. 
 — Collector, Mr. Wm. Eddrup. — Secretary, Wm. J. Nixon, Esq. 
 
 MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL, established about 1745, 
 incorporated 1836, Goodge-street, Tottenham-court-road, 
 facing Berners-street. By recent enlargement of the wings 
 of this building, and various additions arising from some 
 late bequests, the hospital contains now 285 beds. The 
 annual average number of patients relieved during the past 
 five years has been — in-patients, 2,206, and out-patients, 
 9,316. Cases of accident or emergency are admitted at all 
 hours, others by a Governor's recommendation. This, like 
 the Westminster, is more dependent upon voluntary support, 
 
 1 Tlie first Samnritau fund, founded 1791, at a suggestion of the late 
 Sir William Blizzard. 
 
13 
 
 CHABIN6-CB0S8. %pfai jnSpJtalS. A.D. 1818 
 
 its annual income averaging £9,000 or £10,000, of which, 
 above £3,000 depends upon subscriptions. 
 
 The Cancer Ward is a special feature in this hospital. It 
 was added through the generous interference of the late 
 Mr. Whitbread, who provided that patients so afflicted 
 might remain here for life if they wish.i 
 
 The Samaritan Fund is similar to that at St. Bartholo- 
 mew's, for the benefit of those patients requiring funds to 
 convey them to their homes, or to afford them the relief of 
 change of air by a stay at the Invalids' Asylum at Carshalton 
 or otherwise. 
 
 Three guineas annual, or 30 guineas at one time, consti- 
 tute a Governor ; 2 guineas annual entitle to recommend 
 one in-patient and 3 out. The Board of Governors meet 
 every Tuesday at 12 o'clock, when every Governor is enti- 
 tled to attend. 
 
 President, The Duke of Northumberland. — Treasurers : Wm. 
 Tooke, Esq. ; John Labouchere, Esq. — Chairman, Thomas W. 
 Burke, Esq. — Chaplain,*J. D. Hare, M.A. — Physicians : Francis 
 Hawkins, M.D. ; M. Crawford, M.D. ; Seth I'hompson, M.D. — 
 Physician Accoucheur, Dr. Charles West. — Assistant Physician, 
 Drs. R. G. Latham and A. P. Stewart. — Surgeons : C. De Mor- 
 gan, Esq. ; C. H. Moore, Esq.; Alexander Shaw, Esq. — Assist. 
 Surgeon, M. Henry, Esq. — Apothecary, Mr. G. Corfe. — House Sur- 
 geons, Mr. Bousfield and Mr. Harding. — Secretary, Mr. Alexander 
 Shedden.— Matron, Miss Cookesley. — Collector, Mr. H. 0. Knight. 
 
 CHARING-CROSS HOSPITAL, King WiUiam-street. 
 Founded 1818.2 Comprises the two-fold intention of a 
 Dispensary for the relief of the sick poor at their own 
 homes, and of an Hospital for the reception of the more 
 severely afflicted sufferers. None are received as in-patients 
 whose cases may be treated with equal efficacy as out-pa- 
 
 ^ We have made considerable search for a distinct charity, said to 
 be existing under the designation of " Society for the Eehef of Incur- 
 ables"; and, after well considering the scope of this excellent department 
 of the Middlesex Hospital, — the ward, for somewhat similar purposes, 
 in Westminster Hospital, — and the otject of a large portion of the opera- 
 tions of the Bethlehem Hospital, under Mr. Barkham's will, — we have 
 little hesitation in applying this comprehensive designation where so 
 much of its exercise is developed, failing to discover it more nearly, else- 
 where. 
 
 ^ Present building erected in 1831. 
 
_^ 14 
 
 ROYAL FREE. 3Hl!^inii jBD5}litgl5, a.d. 1828 
 
 tients. The under-mentioned medical officers prescribe for, 
 and relieve, the patients of their respective departments, 
 between 12 and 1 o'clock daily, at the hospital ; and those 
 patients (residing within the visiting distance) who are too 
 iU to attend at the institution, are visited at their own 
 abodes. 
 
 Patients with midwifery letters are to attend on Tuesdays 
 and Fridays. The admission-day for in-patients is Monday, 
 at half-past 12 o'clock, when patients are to attend to be 
 examined. Dangerous accidents are at all times imme- 
 diately admitted. The parents of children with contagious 
 complaints are to request the attendance of the Visiting 
 Medical Officer at their own houses. 149,000 patients have 
 been treated, and for the most part cured, by this charity, 
 since its foundation. During the past year 1,116 in-patients 
 were received, and 17,384 out ; 13,902 of these were ad- 
 mitted without any recommendation. The number of pa- 
 tients under treatment at one time is: in-patients, 118; out, 
 283. The annual average cost of thetestablishment is stated 
 to be only £2,506, and this is for the most part met by vo- 
 luntary contributions. 
 
 A donation of 40 guineas constitutes a Life Governor, 
 and 20 guineas a Life Supporter. Two, four, or more guineas 
 annually constitutes an Annual Subscriber, with the privi- 
 lege of recommending in-patients. One guinea annually, or 
 10 guineas at one time, entitle the contributors to recom- 
 mend three out-patients annually. 
 
 Treasurers : The Rev. G. H. Bowers, B.D. ; A. M. Drummond, 
 Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Drummonds. — Director, B. Golding, M.D. 
 — Honorary Secretary, J. Robertson, Esq. — Clerk, Mr. W. Cappe. 
 — Collector, Mr. Cappe. — Medical Officers : Physicians, Dr. Shear- 
 man, Dr. Golding, Dr. Chowne. — Surgeons : Henry Hancock, 
 Esq. ; John Avery, Esq. — Dentist and Cupper, Mr. A. Canton. — 
 Anatomical Machinist, Mr. Taylor. — Dispenser of Medicines, Mr. 
 G. Birkett.— Collector, Mr. W. H. Everist. 
 
 ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's Inn-road. Ori- 
 ginally founded 1828, in Greville-street, Hatton Garden, 
 by Mr. W. Marsden. In 1832 upwards of 700 cholera pa- 
 tients were admitted into it, when other hospitals were 
 closed against them. This demonstration of the principle 
 of the institution gained for it much support, and in 1843 
 the Committee took the present extensive and suitable pre- 
 
15 
 
 KISO'S COLLEGE. MtUui MB^jMS. A.D. 1839 
 
 mises in the Gray's Inn-road, incurring thereby a heavy 
 debt, which, although nearly liquidated, must have proved 
 a heavy drawback to the institution, and limited the full 
 advantage of the " free admission," as the Committee state 
 "there are at the present time two large wards perfectly 
 furnished, ready for patients, but from want of funds 
 empty." ^ Two years back there existed great complaint of 
 the management of this hospital ; whether there was ground 
 for such complaint matters not now, as it is evident the 
 greatest zeal and attention is being paid to its efficiency 
 and increased operations. The business is conducted by a 
 Weekly Board of eleven gentlemen, of whom the Rev. Dr, 
 Rice is chairman. 
 
 The number of in-patients admitted to the Hospital 
 during the past year was 667 ; and the number of out- 
 patients, 27,944 ; 856 of these cases were the result of acci- 
 dent. The receipts for the past few years average nearly 
 £5,000 per annum; and, were it not for outstanding liabili- 
 ties, judging by the proportionate operations of other hos- 
 pitals, this would, if continued, be sufficient to enable the 
 Committee to double their present number of in-patients. 
 The whole of this amount, however, depends on voluntary 
 contributions. One guinea annual, or 10 guineas donation, 
 constitutes a governor, with one vote for every such amount. 
 Attendance at the Hospital daily, from 11 to 1, for the pur- 
 pose of affiarding information, <fcc. 
 
 President, Duke of Buccleuch and Queensbury. — Treasurer 
 
 and Banker, John Masterman, Esq., M.P. Physician, Dr. T, 
 
 B. Peacock. — Surgeons : W. Marsden, Esq., M.D. ; John Gay, 
 Esq. ; Thomas H. Wakley, Esq. ; T. W. Cooke, Esq. — Dentist, 
 James Robinson, Esq.— Chairman of the Weekly Board, the Rev. 
 Edward Rice, D.D. — Cupper, John Atkinson, Esq, 
 
 KING'S COLLEGE HOSPITAL, Portugal-street, Lin- 
 coln's-inn. Instituted 1839. Patients are admitted either 
 by Subscribers' letters, or, if urgent, on application. Situ- 
 ated, as it is, in so populous a neighbourhood, there is a 
 daily accession of patients ; but the income is very insuffi- 
 cient for the number who might be relieved by this Hospital, 
 
 ^ Since the above was written, these two wards have been thrown open, 
 and the hospital is now represented as ready for the reception of 134 
 inmates, aud space in the building for extending it to 500. 
 
16 
 
 Kiwe's COLLEGE. Mthjui JCSpitalS. A.D. 1839 
 
 and it is greatly to be lamented does not cover the present 
 expenditure ; consequently an annual amount of debt is now 
 accruing, small, it is true, at present, but still sufficient to 
 impede the extension of usefulness desired, and to cause 
 alarm for the future. 
 
 This Hospital is one which, both for its extensive benefits 
 to the poor, its connection with King's College, and its field 
 of usefulness to the theological as well as medical students 
 of that institution, we feel great interest for, believing it to 
 be well directed, and under the surveillance of not only 
 the skilful but the good ; and as some charitable persons, 
 otherwise well disposed to contribute, have objected that 
 this is not a free hospital, — we here think the following 
 return, as made up from the books, cannot fail to be satis- 
 factory : — The number of in-patients during the year was 
 1,253, and out-patients, 19,383, including 419 cases of mid- 
 wifery attended at their own habitations. Total number of 
 in-patients admitted since the foundation of the hospital, 
 10,486 ; out-patients, 117,400 ; and of these no less a num- 
 ber than 6,437 in, and 116,113 out-patients were received 
 without any recommendation beyond that afforded by their 
 own urgency and need. 
 
 One guinea annual, or 10 guineas at one time, entitles to 
 recommend 1 in and 2 out-patients annually. 3 guineas 
 annual, or 30 guineas at one time, constitute a Governor, 
 with increased privileges in proportion. 
 
 The present income averages ^4,000, with the exception 
 of about ^200 only, all dependant on public contributions ; 
 but from exertions about to be made, and appeals lately 
 put forth, we expect that these resources will, ere long, be 
 doubled, and that if the new building plan is carried out 
 the operations will be doubled too. The present number of 
 beds made up is but 1 10 to 120, the contemplated number 200. 
 
 President, The Duke of Sutherland. — Treasurer, W. T. Cope- 
 land, Esq., M.P. — Chaplain, Rev. Michael Biggs, M. A. — Con- 
 sulting Physicians : Thomas Watson, M.D. ; Robert Ferguson, 
 M.D.— Physicians : George Budd, M.D. ; R. B. Todd, M.D.— 
 Physician-Accoucheur, Arthur Farre, M.D. — Physicians to the 
 Out-patients : W. A. Guy, M.D. ; George Johnson, M.D. — Sur. 
 geons : W. Fergusson, Esq. ; R. Partridge, Esq. — Assistant Sur- 
 geons : W. Bowman, Esq. ; Henry Lee, Esq. — Surgeon -Dentist, 
 Samuel Cartwright, Jun., Esq. — Secretary, Mr. John Lyon. — 
 Matron, Mrs. Rice. — Dispenser, Mr. Francis Blackburn. 
 
17 
 
 UBTIVEaSITY, A.D. 1833. BlpilirHl. MARTLEBONE, A.D. 1850 
 
 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, Upper Gower- 
 street. Founded 1833. Cases of emergency admitted at all 
 hours ; otherwise, in-patients daily at eleven o'clock. Out- 
 patients, physicians' cases, attended on Mondays, Tuesdays, 
 Thursdays, and Fridays, at twelve o'clock ; surgical cases, 
 at twelve o'clock daily. Diseases of the eye, Mondays, Wed- 
 nesdays, and Fridays, at one ; urgent cases, daily. Dental 
 patients attended to, Saturdays at nine. 
 
 During the past year, there were received 1634 in-patients; 
 638 midwifery cases, attended at their own habitations, and 
 414 ophthalmic patients ; and upwards of 18,000 cases vari- 
 ously relieved as out-patients. The number of patients in 
 the hospital at a time averages 112; the number of beds, 
 120 ; and the building capable of extending accommodation 
 to 200. 
 
 The annual income averages ^5,000, two-thirds of which 
 is dependant upon voluntary contributions. The expenses 
 are just covered by this amount. 
 
 Subscribers of 1 guinea annually, or 10 guineas at one 
 time, are entitled to recommend four out-patients ; and sub- 
 scribers of 3 guineas, or donors of 30, are entitled to recom- 
 mend three in, and six out-patients, yearly. 
 
 President, Lord Brougham.— Treasurer, the Baron de Goldsmid. 
 —Chaplain, Rev. H. Stebbing, D.D.— Physicians : W. H. Walshe, 
 M.D., and E. Parkes, M.D. — Assistant Physician, Dr. Jenner. — 
 Obstetric Physician, Edward W. Murphy, M.D. — Surgeons : James 
 M. Amott, Esq., and R. Quain, Esq. — Assistant Surgeons: J. E. 
 Erichsen, Esq., and John Marshall, Esq. — Dental Surgeon, J. 
 Durance George, Esq. — Apothecary, Mr. Joseph T. Clover. — Cup- 
 per, Mr. Henry Charles Betts. — Matron, Mrs. Stable. — Clerk to 
 the Committee, Mr. J. W. Goodiff.— Collector, Mr. C. B. Buck, 
 1, Marrow-street, Walworth. 
 
 MARYLEBONE AND PADDINGTON HOSPITAL, 
 
 Cambridge-place, Paddington. Proposal for establishing, 
 1843. Opened, 1850. Is now being opened, after seven years' 
 extreme exertion to raise the necessary funds. The want of 
 a hospital has long been felt in the north-west part of the 
 metropolis, which, of late years, has much increased in popu- 
 lation, without any adequate means of relief for the poorer 
 classes. The number of inhabitants is reckoned at 150,000, 
 and the demand for hospital-beds, 376 ; but it is proposed to 
 commence with 150. The cost of erecting a hospital with 
 
 2 
 
^8 
 
 MARYLEBONE. HHttJUi iCS|lital5. A.D. 1850 
 
 such, accommodation, was originally estimated at £6,000 ; 
 and maintaining the same, £4,500 per annum. This amount, 
 however, we always considered as estimated much, too low ; 
 and to this may much, of the delay occasioned, be traced. 
 The building, at length erected, and ready for part habita- 
 tion, is a substantial and elegant* structure, forming as great 
 an ornament to the appearance of the district, as it must, 
 ere long, prove of value to the inhabitants. 
 
 That portion of the hospital now erected, will not only have 
 the 150 beds for patients, but also contain the board-room, 
 the chapel, the operating theatre, and other principal depart- 
 ments required in a large hospital ; the design being in- 
 tended, when fully carried out, to have beds for nearly 400 
 patients. 
 
 The amount contributed to the present time by voluntary 
 subscriptions reaches some £30,000, which will cover all ex- 
 penses contingent on the building, but leaves little or nothing 
 for continuance of operations. That the requisite amount, 
 however, for carrying out the objects to the fullest extent, 
 will be raised, cannot for a moment be questioned ; but 
 whether it be by the support of the many, or, as in the 
 case of Guy's and St. Thomas's, by the bequests of a few, 
 remains to be developed. 
 
 30 Guineas at one time, or 3 guineas annual, constitutes a 
 governor. 
 
 Honorary Secretary, William Tatham, Esq., 61, Oxford Ter- 
 race. — Bankers, Sir Samuel Scott and Co. 
 
 ^ The design was furnished by the honorary architect, Mr. Hopper. 
 The present foundation comprehends three-fourths of his whole plan. 
 
19 
 
 FOR SPECIAL MttM CjiHritifs 
 
 CHAPTER 11. 
 
 CHARITIES FOR AFFORDING MEDICAL 
 TREATMENT AND RELIEF {continued). 
 
 Hospitals, Infirmaries, and other Institutions for special 
 purposes: — Seaman's Hospital. — Spanish and Portuguese Jews'. — 
 German Hospital. — London Fever. — Hospitals and Infirmaries for 
 Consumption — Sanatorium forMadeira. — Royal Sea-bathing Infirmary. 
 Lying-in Charities. — Hospitals for Women and Children.— Small-pox 
 Hospital and Vaccination Institutions. — Ophthalmic. — Diseases of the 
 Ear. — Orthopoedic Hospital. — Spinal Institutions. — Lock Hospital. — 
 Fistula and Truss Societies. — Glandular and Skin Diseases. — Conva- 
 lescent and Invalid Asylums. — Lunatic and Idiot Asylums. — Train- 
 ing Institutions for Nurses. 
 
 In chapter second we find it advisable to comprehend the 
 remainder of the metropolitan medical hospitals, and all other 
 institutions devoted to special objects of medical treatment. 
 Amongst these may be found some few dispensaries, which, 
 from their being of immediately kindred design to the insti- 
 tutions preceding, it has been deemed inexpedient to sepa- 
 rate from them ; so that our third division will consist 
 wholly of dispensaries for general patients. 
 
 With this arrangement in view, the following summary is 
 subjoined, the consideration of which fully bears out the 
 truth of our previous remarks, and even more satisfactorily 
 evidences the extent of operations in our own time, and the 
 anxious desire manifested to afford a relief for every ill. 
 
 It only remains for us to premise, that institutions of a 
 minor character, but kindred in design to the following, are 
 constantly making their appearance before the public, under 
 slight variations of title and claims to support ; proving 
 often, however, to be the attempts only of individuals, either 
 for the development of peculiar systems of treatment, or for 
 the extension of fame and practice. With this before us, 
 
20 
 
 seaman's. MttM €ljarife5 far a.d. i833 
 
 therefore, we have endeavoured to confine ourselves to such 
 as are of a public description ; although some few even of 
 these, may perchance merit much of this same definition. 
 
 SUMMARY OF THE SPECIAL MEDICAL CHARITIES : 
 
 1 Seamen — 2 Foreigners and Jews — 1 Fever — 4 Consumption, etc. — 1 
 Madeira — 1 Sea-Bathing — 9 Lying-in — 3 Women and Children — 3 
 Small Pox and Vaccination — 5 Ophthalmic — 3 Ear and Voice — 3 De- 
 formities — 3 Internal Disease — 3 Skin and Glandular — 4 Maniac and 
 Idiots. — 4 Convalescent and Invalid. Total 50 
 
 22 institutions receiving in-patients, and making up beds to the 
 
 number of- - - - --1 ,105 
 
 Four Lunatic Asylums, ditto .... 1,670 
 
 In all, 50 Charities granting medical relief, for special objects, 
 annually to ...... 105,997 
 
 (exclusive of the Madeira Sanatorium, and another only just 
 formed, and two from which there are no returns). 
 
 Of these, 1 was founded in the sixteenth century; II in the eighteenth; 
 and 38 in the present century. 
 
 The aggregate amount of annual receipts averages at present time j£90,664 
 
 Of which amount, contributed by voluntary contributions, is £'27,Q7A 
 
 SEAMAJV'S HOSPITAL SOCIETY, for Sick and 
 Diseased Seamen, of all Nations, in the Port of London- 
 Office, 74, King William-street, City, Established 1821. 
 Incorporated 1833. This hospital is commonly known as 
 " The Seamen's Hospital," on board the " Dreadnought," 
 three-decker, moored off Greenwich, and is of the greatest 
 importance, as it is a well-known fact, that, sooner than 
 enter a land hospital, many a poor sailor will perish afloat, 
 although a prospect of returning health is held out to him 
 by proper medical treatment. Since its first institution, 
 56,430 patients have been admitted, and medical stores dis- 
 pensed to 27,808 out-patients. The annual number aver- 
 ages 2,500 in-patients, and 2,153 out, of whom upwards of 
 100, when discharged, are completely clothed, and to others 
 are given various articles. The usual number of in-patients 
 at one time is 200. 
 
 Supported partly by voluntary contributions to an extent 
 of ^3,000 per annum, and in part by the penalties and for- 
 feitures under the 7th and 8th Vict., cap. 112, averaging 
 £600, and by 5 per cent, of the amount collected from the 
 merchant service vessels, "for the relief of maimed and 
 disabled seamen, their wives, and children," amounting f/O 
 
21 
 
 SPANISH jews', 1847. f^prial pIirpSPH. GERMAN HOSP. 1845 
 
 near ,£500 per annum. Qualification of a Governor, 1 guinea 
 annually ; Life Governor, 10 guineas donation.! 
 
 President, Lord Viscount Melville. — Treasurer, John Labou- 
 chere, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. David Jones, B.D.— Trustees : John 
 Deacon, Esq. ; John Labouchere, Esq. ; Rear- Admiral W. Bowles, 
 C.B. — Hon. Counsel, G. W. Lydekker, Esq. — Consulting Physi- 
 cians : Dr. Edward Seymour, Dr. George Leith Roupell, Dr. Geo. 
 Budd. — Visiting Physicians : Dr. Black, and Dr. Blackall. — 
 Consulting Surgeon, Sir Richard Dobson, M.D. — Superintendent, 
 Lieutenant John Saunders, R.N. — First Surgeon, Mr. George 
 Busk. — Second Surgeon, Dr. Rooke. — Assistant-Surgeon and Apo- 
 thecary, Mr. J. H. Lakin. — Secretary, Mr. S. Kemball Cook. 
 
 THE SPAN^ISH AND PORTUGESE JEWS' HOS- 
 PITAL, MUe End-road. Established by the Congregation 
 of Spanish and Portugese Jews in 1747, as an hospital for 
 their sick poor, and affording advice and medicine to out- 
 patients ; also for the reception of lying-in women, and for 
 granting an asylum to the aged. 
 
 One guinea annual, or 10 guineas at one time, entitles to 
 one vote, and the privilege of having one in and two out- 
 patients, on the establishment. 
 
 The last printed report of this institution bears date 
 1837, and no later information can be given of the extent 
 of its operations. At that time the income was about .£1,000 
 per annum, o£600 of which went for the maintenance of the 
 inmates. The funded property is now upwards of £10,000. 
 The following are the Office-bearers at the present time : — 
 
 Treasurer, David A. Lindo, Esq. — Warden, Michael De Pass, 
 Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Soloman Almosnino. 
 
 GERMAN HOSPITAL, Dalston.2 Opened 1845. For 
 the reception and treatment of natives of Germany and 
 others speaking the German language.^ Medical advice is 
 
 ^ During the late cholera. Government granted the use of a second 
 vessel, the " Iphigene," late the Marine Society's ship. 
 
 ^ The building is that for many years occupied by the Infant Orphan 
 Society, previous to removing to Wanstead. It is well adapted for its pre- 
 sent purpose, and contains forty beds for patients; a separate wing for 
 the Sanatorium ; a chapel ; and every other accommodation for a good 
 and complete hospital. 
 
 3 Among the number of foreigners living in London, it is estimated 
 that six-sevenths are natives of Germany,or of German provinces subject 
 to other states. 
 
22 
 
 FEVER HOSPITAL. MtHXEJ CijarifaS fof A.D. 1803 
 
 likewise afforded to out-patients at the Dispensaries in 
 Loudon. The number of in-patients during the past year 
 was 419, and out-patients 1,728, of whom 1,176 attended 
 the Hospital, 504 the Eastern Dispensary, and 48 the West. 
 Applicants for admission to the Hospital must attend at two 
 o'clock, p.m. Urgent cases are admitted at all hours. 
 
 A Convalescent Fund is attached, similar to that of other 
 Hospitals, for the bestowal of clothing, pecuniary aid, <fec. 
 to those in need on quitting the house. 
 
 The Chaplain, as well as the establishment generally, is 
 protestant. 
 
 Ten guineas at one time, or one guinea annual, consti- 
 tutes a Governor, entitled to have 2 out-patients on the 
 books at a time. 
 
 The Sanatorium is for the reception of such patients as 
 can afford to pay a moderate sum of from one to two pounds 
 per week, the latter sum if they wish a room entirely to 
 themselves. This branch of the operations is being greatly 
 appreciated by the middle class of patients, and is now 
 proving a small source of income, under .£100 a-year. 
 
 President, the Duke of Cambridge. — Chaplain, Rev. Adolphus 
 Walbaum. — Treasurer, Frederick Huth, Esq. — Sub-Treasurer, C. 
 A. Preller, Esq. — Hon. Solicitors, Messrs. Baxendale, Tatham, 
 Upton, and Co. — Hon. Secretaries : Rev. Charles Wesley, D.D. ; 
 Rev. Adolphus Walbaum. — Assistant Secretary and Collector, 
 Mr. G. H. Lilie.— Physicians : S. Sutro, M.D.; W. E. Swaine, 
 M.D. — Surgeon, L. E. Straube, M.D. — House Surgeon, W. Beneke, 
 M.D. — Dispenser at the hospital, Mr. Sophus Seidelin. 
 
 Medical Officers of the Dispensaries : for the east of London, 
 J. H. Steinau, M.D., 17, Broad-street Buildings ; sees the out- 
 patients at his residence on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and 
 Saturdays, between 8 and 10 o'clock, a.m. — Chemist, Mr. Theo- 
 dore Krantz, 2, Devonshire-st., Bishopsgate-street. 
 
 For the west of London : vacant. 
 
 LONDON FEVER HOSPITAL, Liverpool-road, Is- 
 lington, (late Pancras-road).i Instituted 1803. All poor 
 persons affected with fever are admitted gratuitously, except 
 they are parochial paupers or domestic servants, in which 
 case one guinea is charged to the parish, or to the master in 
 whose house the illness began. The domestics of subscribers 
 
 ' The new building was opened last year. Its total cost of erection 
 was ^19,438 2s. 9d., — defrayed by the compensation vote of ^20,000, 
 paid by the Great Northern Railway Company, who now occupy the site 
 of the old establishment. 
 
23 
 
 CONSUMPTION. ^priai f nrpse. a.d. i84i 
 
 are admitted at all times, in any number, without this fee. 
 The number of beds varies from 100 to 130. In-patients 
 received during last year, only 714; and the average of 
 inmates, 54. An appropriate vehicle is kept on the premises 
 for the conveyance of the patients to the hospital. The ex- 
 penses amount to about £2300 per annum; defrayed mostly 
 by parochial payments ; by £450 voluntary contributions ; 
 and £450 dividends and miscellaneous receipts. 
 
 All subscribers of one guinea annually, or of 10 guineas 
 in one donation, are Governors. 
 
 President, the Earl of Devon.- — Treasurer, T. Corney, Esq.— ■ 
 Physicians : Alexander Tweedie, M.D.,r.R.S. ; Southwood Smith, 
 M.D. — Assistant Physician, Adaii Crawford, M.D.— Resident 
 Medical Officer, W. H. O. Sankey, M.B.— Secretary, C. Hyde, 
 Esq. — Matron, Mrs. Hansard. 
 
 HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTION & DISEASES 
 OF THE CHEST, Brompton.' Instituted 1841. Incor- 
 porated 1849. This Hospital is especially devoted to that 
 most frequent and destructive complaint, consumption. 
 There is scarcely a disease which does not^find ready admis- 
 sion into the wards of our general hospitals ; but against this 
 the doors of all are closed, the plea on which it is refused 
 admission being its lingering nature. 
 
 The present receipts average .£4,000 a-year, arising wholly 
 from voluntary contributions, and are insufficient for the 
 needful expenses, which exceed by nearly .£400 per annum. 
 
 Owing to the active exertions of the Committee of this 
 hospital, seconded by the liberality of the benevolent, its 
 operations these last few years have been very much in- 
 creased. The number of in-patients received since 1846 is 
 676 ; of whom 81 are remaining in the house. The annual 
 admissions now average 282, and the number of out-patients 
 2,805, most of whom attend for a considerable period. The 
 daily average attendance is 115. 
 
 Persons having letters of recommendation from Governors, 
 as in-patients, must attend for examination by the physician 
 
 ^ The present building was opened in 1846; the original hospital was 
 at Chelsea, near the Royal Hospital. In their present Report, the Com- 
 mittee notice one gratifying fact, — viz., in that building, the deaths of 
 the in-patients were 73 in 297, or 1 in 4 ; whilst, in the new hospital, 
 they have never exceeded 1 death in every 5 patients, as 127 in 686. 
 
24 
 
 CHEST DISEASES. MMIRI CjjaritiPH Ut A.D. 1814 
 
 in attendance, any day at two o'clock, when, if proper cases, 
 their names will be entered for admission in rotation. If 
 the patient lives at a distance, an authenticated medical cer- 
 tificate will serve. Out-patients can be seen by the physi- 
 cians every day, at one o'clock precisely. 
 
 The Rose Charity Fund^ resembles the Samaritan Funds 
 of St. George's and other hospitals ; out of it are afforded 
 gifts of clothes and small pecuniary assistance, to the pa- 
 tients leaving the hospital. 
 
 Governors of 30 guineas donation, or 3 guineas annually, 
 have the privilege of recommending one in, and eight out- 
 patients in the year. Subscribers of 1 guinea annually, may 
 recommend four out-patients.2 
 
 President, the Duke of Richmond. — Treasurer, .John Labou- 
 chere, Esq. — Hon. Secretary, Philip Rose, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. 
 Henry Du Pay, B. A. — Consulting Physicians : John Forbes, Esq., 
 M.D.; C. J. B. Williams, Esq., M.D.; W. H. Walshe, Esq., M.D. 
 —Physicians: G. H. Roe, Esq., M.D.; T. Thompson, Esq., M.D.; 
 George Cursham, Esq., M.D. — Assistant Physicians : Richard 
 P. Cotton, Esq., M.D.; Richard Quain, Esq., M.D.; John J. 
 Bowie, Esq., M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, William Fergusson, Esq. 
 — Secretary, Osbom P. Cross, Esq., at the Hospital. — Assistant 
 Secretary and Collector, Mr. W. H. Harden. — Matron, Miss HalL 
 — Dispenser, Mr. Hardy, at the Hospital. 
 
 ROYAL INFIRMARY for Asthma, Consumption, and 
 other Diseases of the Lungs, City-road. Established 1814. 
 For the purpose of affording relief to the poor afflicted with 
 diseases of the chest, by medical advice and dispensing me- 
 dicine ; also for the reception of in-patients with the early 
 symptoms of disease. 
 
 At the time of the formation of this institution, and until 
 very lately, it was the only one of its kind ; and the report 
 
 ^ This fund was raised out of respect to the honorary Secretary, Mr. 
 Rose, and to denote the appreciation the Committee held his exertions 
 in The original design was to obtain a portrait of that gentleman ; but, 
 at his earnest request, the amount raised for that purpose was devoted 
 to the foundation of this fund. 
 
 2 The benefit accruing to this hospital by the talents and benevolence 
 of one individual, deserves a record here. Mile. Lind, in July 1848, 
 presented no less a sum than j£l,606 : 16 : 0, — the proceeds of the con- 
 cert held by her for its aid. The whole of this was set apart for the 
 extension fund. 
 
25 
 
 CHEST DISEASES, |»ptrial ^HrpSPS. ad. 1847 and 1848 
 
 states, " that its benefits have been distributed to upwards 
 of 30,000 patients" ; but its present condition seems lan- 
 guid, and its operations limited. This may arise in part 
 from the decreased number of its supporters, and the exten- 
 sive nature of the last mentioned hospital. The amount of 
 annual subscriptions appear to be under ^50, and tli^ recep- 
 tion of inmates to have been discontinued. 
 
 It is greatly to be desired that a helping hand should be 
 rendered to an institution of this description. It is for a 
 class of suffering poor that can ill spare such assistance. 
 
 Treasurer, John Travers, Esq.— Consulting Physicians, Charles 
 I. Fox, M.D. — Physicians: Herbert Davies, Esq., M.D.; Wm. 
 Munk, Esq., M.D.; Bankers, Messrs. Dnunmond and Co. — Apo- 
 thecary, Mr. William Herring. — Hon. Secretary, Samuel Amory, 
 Esq., 25, Throgmorton- street. — Assistant Secretary and Collec- 
 tor, Mr. John Smith, 3, Crosby-square, Bishopsgate-street. 
 
 DISPENSARY FOR CONSUMPTION and Diseases 
 of the Chest, 26, Margaret-street, Regent-street. Instituted 
 1847. For the benefit of patients, either at the Dispensary 
 or at their own habitations. Although only established two 
 years, in that time it is stated that 8,000 have been relieved 
 upon application, and visits paid to 1013 at their own homes. 
 The present number of patients on the books is 476. No 
 cash statement is afforded in the last report. 
 
 One guinea annual, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes a 
 Governor, with one vote. The reports are published quarterly. 
 
 Treasurer, A. R. Johnson, Esq., 2, Old Broad-street. — Hon. 
 Secretary, W. T. Hudson, Esq., 61, South Audley- street. — Audi- 
 tors: A. Howard, Esq.; W. Nelson, Esq. — Physicians: Dr. Hast- 
 ings, Dr. Burslem. — Consulting Surgeon, Thomas Tatum, Esq. — 
 Surgeon, W. T. Hudson,Esq. — Assist. Secretary and Dispenser, 
 Mr. S. Fowell. — Collector, 5lr. Thomas Hooman. 
 
 CITY OF LONDON HOSPITAL for Diseases of the 
 Chest, 6, Liverpool-street, Finsbury. Established 1848. Is 
 open daily, for the admission of patients, on the recom- 
 mendation of Governors, at nine o'clock in the morning. 
 
 An average of 100 patients receive advice and medicine 
 daily. The total number of patients relieved since the open- 
 ing of the institution, on the 13th June 1848, has been 1,405, 
 
 Arrangements, it is stated, are now in progress for the 
 erection of a hospital for the reception of in-patients. The 
 
26 
 
 MADEIRA, 1849. MMul C|jarife5 for Margate, 1796 
 
 present income, however, is quite insufficient for this pur- 
 pose, amounting to not more than ^1,000 per annum. 
 
 Two Guineas annually, or 20 guineas at one time, consti- 
 tute a Governor, entitled to recommend one in-patient and 
 six out-patients. One guinea annually, or 10 gixineas at 
 one time, to six out-patients only. 
 
 President, the Earl of Carlisle. — Consulting Physicians : B. G. 
 Babington, M.D.; Henry Jeafireson, M.D.— Consulting Surgeon, 
 C. Aston Key, Esq. — Physicians : Thomas B. Peacock, M.D. ; 
 Edward Bentley, M.D. ; Allen Williams, M.B. — Surgeon, John 
 E. Erichsen, Esq. — Treasurer, H. Edmund Gumey, Esq. — Bankers, 
 Messrs. Barclay & Co. — Honorary Secretary, David Henry Stone, 
 Esq., 33, Poultry — Assistant Secretary, Mr. William S. Brown. 
 
 SAIi'^A TORIUM in the Island of Madeira, for the recep- 
 tion of Persons labouring under Pulmonary Disorders, 4, St. 
 Martin's-place. Projected 1849. This institution is scarcely 
 more than a projected one ; but its design is so good, and 
 the names attached to its prospectus afford so promising a 
 scale of future operations, that we readily give it publicity. 
 It is intended to enable patients of the middle class, of 
 straitened circumstance, to try the effects of a residence in 
 Madeira, in such cases as the medical staff of the institution 
 here consider there is a fair probability of health being 
 restored thereby. 
 
 The expenses of the voyage to be defrayed, or afforded at 
 a lower rate. 
 
 The best medical attendance to be rendered on arriving 
 at the island, and comfortable lodging, free of any charge, 
 and suitable board, upon fixed moderate terms. 
 
 Ten guineas at one time, or 2 guineas annually, constitute 
 the privilege of placing one candidate on the list — but sub- 
 ject to the medical opinion. 
 
 As this movement has the co-operation of the authorities 
 of Madeira, and the Committee here are selecting patients, 
 there is no question of a very fair trial being given to the 
 plan. 
 
 Chairman of Committee, Lord R. Grosvenor, M.P. — Bankers, 
 Messrs. Jones, Loyd, & Co. — Hon. Secretary, W. T. Haly, Esq. 
 
 ROYAL SEA-BATHING INFIRMARY. Office, 35 
 Cannon-street. Instituted 1796. This infirmary is situate 
 on a very healthy part of the coast, — at Westbrook, near 
 
27 
 
 SEA-BATHING. j^^M ^nrpSM, A.D. 1796 
 
 Margate. From various extensions of the building of late 
 yearSj the operations of the charity have attained a national 
 character ; whilst the general medical opinion entertained 
 of its management and usefulness, justifies us in alluding to 
 it as one fully deserving the liberal support of the benevo- 
 lent, and one to which those needing its benefits may safely 
 apply. . , . 
 
 At the present time there are 230 beds in the establish- 
 ment, and the annual average of patients is 700 ; the entire 
 number of inmates since it was founded, is 20,466, besides 
 out-patients. It is the only hospital in the kingdom exclw- 
 sively devoted to the reception of scrofulous patients ; and 
 when it is considered that large numbers of young persons 
 are annually restored to health by its means, its benefits 
 may fairly be termed incalculable. 
 
 Every patient must be recommended by a governor, and 
 subject to approval, as a proper object, by the medical board. 
 The admissions are regulated according to vacancies, and 
 order of recommendation. Patients are boarded at the rate 
 of 4s. per week, under 10 years of age ; and above that age, 
 at 5s. per week. When admissions cannot be granted, for 
 want of room, or particular circumstances, proper objects are 
 allowed sea-bathing, and the medical assistance of the cha- 
 rity, as out-patients. 
 
 Patients in the country, who cannot attend the medical 
 board, are required to have their diseases described by the 
 surgeon or apothecary where they reside, and transmitted 
 to the secretary. During the season, attendance is given by 
 several members of the medical board, to examine patients. 
 The time and place of attendance may be known by apply- 
 ing to the secretary, 35, Cannon-street, where all communi- 
 cations must be addressed. 
 
 Ten guineas, or upwards, at one payment, constitute a 
 governor ; or one guinea, or upwards, an annual governor, 
 entitled, upon paying a second subscription, or of two years 
 in one payment, to the same privilege of recommending pa- 
 tients. Ten guineas, annually, entitle to recommend one 
 patient, free of any charge for board, &c. 
 
 President, the Earl of Winchelsea. — ^Treasurer, Michael Gibbe, 
 Esq., Aldn. — Physicians to the Infirmary: Joseph Canham, M.D.; 
 Richard B. Dennison, M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, Joshua Wad- 
 dington, Esq. — Resident Surgeon, A. G. Field, Esq. — Secretaries : 
 ia London, Mr. John Paul ; at Ramsgate, Mr. W. A. Hunt. 
 
28 
 
 LYING-IN INSTS- Mi^Ki ^RXi\it5 fU A.D. 1749 
 
 Tha reports of the various 'Lying-in Charities develops 
 one very interesting fact, as the beneficial result accruing 
 from the large scope thus offered for the display of medical 
 science and attention, viz., — that the deaths have decreased 
 in average, amongst their patients, from 1 in 50, to 1 in 300, 
 with mothers ; and from 1 in 20, to 1 in 80, amongst the 
 children, during the last eighty or ninety years, to the pre- 
 sent time. 
 
 The first of this valuable description of charities, of a 
 public and general kind, was established in Dublin, by Dr. 
 Bartholomew Mosse, an eminent physician ; who, notwith- 
 standing he had to contend against the strongest prejudices, 
 avowed opposition, and great public clamor, pushed his bene- 
 volent purpose to success, by building the fine hospital in 
 Dublin, under this name. It was first opened in 1745, 
 and was quickly followed by the establishment of those we 
 have now in our metropolis ; all of which, it will be seen, 
 belong, consequently, to the last hundred years. The long- 
 est established is — 
 
 THE BRITISH LTING-IN HOSPITAL for Married 
 Women, Endell-street, Long Acre. Instituted 1749. For 
 relieving the pregnant wives or widows of persons reduced 
 from affluent or easy, to indigent circumstances, of distressed 
 housekeepers, and of the industrious poor, by either receiv- 
 ing them wholly into the hospital, or by providing such as 
 "prefer remaining at their own habitations during their con- 
 finement, with skilful midwives, professional advice, and 
 with medicines free of all expense.^ The present building 
 has been erected at a cost of about £6,000, and is capable of 
 receiving the number of 40 patients ; but the expenses 
 thereof, the Committee state, render it necessary that the 
 number should be regulated wholly by the support afforded 
 by the public ; the cash statement is not appended to the 
 report, neither is any clue afforded to the number of pa- 
 tients annually treated, beyond the information that " since 
 the foundation, upwards of 40,000 persons have participated 
 
 1 Instituted, in Brownlow-street, Long Acre, 1749, and rebuilt, in 
 Ehidell-street, 1849. It claims to be the first established in London for 
 this purpose ; and is exclusively for the teception, or treatment, of mar- 
 ried women. 
 
29 
 
 LYING-IN INSTS- |)pjrial l^nipSES. A.D. 1750 and 1752 
 
 in its benefits." The Committee meet weekly (on Thursday 
 at one o'clock) to transact the business of the institution. 
 
 One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes 
 a Governor, entitled to recommend three out-patients annu- 
 ally. Double that amount, the addition of one in-patient 
 annually. 
 
 President, the Duke of Portland. — Treasurers, Messrs. Hoare 
 and Co. — Consulting Physician, Dr. Henry Davies. — Physician, 
 Dr. Robt. Lee. — Surgeons : Benj. Brookes, Esq. ; John Clarke, 
 Esq. — Secretary, Mr. R. S. Davies. — Matron, Mrs. Margaret 
 Simson. — Collector, Mr. Wm. Price, 6, Allsop-pl. Upper Baker-st. 
 
 CITT OF LONDON LYING-IN HOSPITAL, comer 
 of Old-street, City-road. Instituted 1750.^ For the recep- 
 tion and delivery of the pregnant wives of seamen and sol- 
 diers, also those of industrious mechanics, and of laborious 
 poor, and pregnant widows of poor persons recently deceased. 
 The annual number of women delivered at this Hospital is 
 about 550, and the whole number since the establishment of 
 the hospital, has been upwards of 39,000. The Committee 
 meet every Wednesday, for the purpose of addressing pa- 
 tients about to leave the hospital, and those considered eli- 
 gible to be admitted. Patients allowed to reside forty-eight 
 hours previous to their confinement, without any charge ; 
 after that at the rate of \s, 6d. a day till their delivery. 
 
 The state of the funds cannot be given, no cash statement 
 being appended to the report. 
 
 Twenty guineas donation constitutes a Governor, entitled 
 to recommend five patients annually. Subscribers are en- 
 titled to recommend one patient for every guinea subscribed. 
 
 Bankers, Messrs. Glyn and Co. — Treasurer, Abraham Wilday 
 Eobarts, Esq.— Secretary, James Clift, Esq., 30, Bloomsbury-sq. 
 — Matron, Mrs. Mary Wigden. — Chaplain, Rev. James Carver, 
 A.M. — Physician, John T. Conquest, M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, 
 W. Coulson, Esq. — Surgeon Accoucheur, Henry James, Esq. — 
 Collector, Mr. J. H. Smith, 12, Crutched Friars. 
 
 QUEEN CHARLOTTE'S LYING-IN HOSPITAL, 
 Manor House, Lisson Green, Marylebone. Instituted 1752. 
 This charity, besides affording an asylum for indigent females 
 
 ^ At Shaftesbury House, Aldersgate-street, and removed from thence 
 to the corner of Old-street. First stone laid 1770 ; opened for the recep- 
 tion of patients 1773. 
 
30 
 
 B0YAi.MATEBNiTY.3Ei?Mtai Cjiaritlgs fnr a.d. 1757 
 
 during the period of child-birth, extends its aid also to the 
 habitations of those who prefer remaining with their fami- 
 lies, or cannot conveniently be removed. Also, " with a view 
 to facilitate repentance, and remove every motive to act 
 which conscious guilt excites in the minds of many unlaw- 
 ful mothers, it admits penitent patients once ;" but in no 
 instance are they received a second time. Nearly 57,000 
 women have partaken of its benefits, and the average annual 
 number under treatment, is 240 women within the Hospital, 
 and 400 at their own homes. 
 
 One guinea annual entitles to recommend two out-patients 
 and one in-patient every third year. 
 
 The Committee meet at the Hospital every Monday, at 
 one o'clock. The Hospital may be inspected, and the books 
 seen by those who are inclined to support the charity, but 
 no printed report is published of the funds. 
 
 President, the Duke of Cambridge. — Treasurer, B. B. Cabbell, 
 Esq.- — Consulting Physicians : Dr. P. M. Roget, Dr. Joseph Moore. 
 Physician -Accoucheur, Dr. B. Brown.— Surgeon-Accoucheur, Q. 
 Thompson Gream, Esq. — Assistant Surgeon -Accoucheur, Joseph 
 Cholmondeley, Esq. — Solicitor, Lawrence Walker, Esq. — Secre- 
 tary, Mr. A. U. Thiselton, 7, Bloomsbury-pl. Bloomsbury-sq. — Col- 
 lector, Mr. C. W. Chapman, 10, Charrington-st. Somers Town. 
 
 ROYAL MATERNITY CHARITY. Office, 17, Little 
 Knight Rider-street, Doctors' Commons. Instituted 1737. 
 For delivering poor married women at their own habitations 
 in the Eastern districts of London and the suburbs, within 
 three miles of St. Paul's.^ An average of nearly 3,500 cases 
 are annually attended at the expense of this charity, the 
 best of advice and good nurses being provided. The 
 finances appear in a satisfactory condition, the income ave- 
 raging annually, from dividends and voluntary contribu- 
 tions, about .£1,830, and the expenses under that amount. 
 The Committee meet at the George and Vulture Tavern, 
 ComhUl, on the first Tuesday of the month. Patients, with 
 
 1 This charity was originally instituted, as the " Lying-in Charity," in 
 1768. The Prince of Wales, when hut five years old, heing nominated 
 president, a donation of £&Q0 was made in his name ; and he suhse- 
 quently became an annual contributor of £'20. From this time the charity 
 has always been an especial favourite with royalty ; and, in 1804, re- 
 ceived its present designation. George IV became the president in 1818 ; 
 and, from the time of liis regency to his death, contributed no less a sum 
 than Jl,800. 
 
31 
 
 QENEKAL LYING-IX ^ptOSl ^HIIIIISIS. HOSPITAL, A.D. 1765 
 
 recommendatory tickets, are received at the office from 8 to 
 10 o'clock every morning except Sunday. 
 
 An annual subscription of one guinea, or a life subscrip- 
 tion of 10 guineas, entitles the subscriber to the recom- 
 mendation of eight patients within the year. 
 
 President, the Duke of Wellington. — Treasurer, Sir J. W. 
 Lubbock. — Consulting Physician, Dr. John Ramsbotham. — 
 Physicians : Dr. Francis H. Ramsbotham ; Dr. Thomas Leigh 
 Blundell ; Dr. H. Davies. — Surgeons Accoucheurs : Dr. Wilham 
 Griffith ; Walter Griffith, Esq. ; WiUiam Hughes, Esq. ; J. L. 
 Pulling, Esq., M.D. ; George Sawyer, Esq. ; and others. — Secre- 
 tary, T. O. Rayner, Esq., M.D.— Collector, Mr. C. Buck, 31, Mer- 
 row-street, Walworth. 
 
 GENERAL L TINO-IN HOSPITAL, York-road, Lam- 
 beth. Instituted 1765. Incorporated 1830. For the recep- 
 tion of in-patients from all parts of the kingdom, and for 
 the delivery of out-patients at their own habitations in the 
 metropolis and its environs. The benefits of the charity are 
 extended to such poor married women as may prefer re- 
 maining at their own habitations ; and are not withheld 
 from such single women as can produce satisfactory testi- 
 monials of previous good conduct, and who, on diligent en- 
 quiry, appear to the Committee to be objects of real com- 
 miseration ; such indulgence is, however, strictly confined 
 to the first instance of misconduct. The Committee meet 
 every Monday for admitting patients, &c. The state of the 
 funds cannot be arrived at, from the cash statement not 
 being printed, neither is any return given of the number of 
 patients admitted or relieved — information, moreover, which 
 the Secretary states he cannot afford. 
 
 Three guineas annual, or 30 guineas at one time, consti- 
 tute a Governor, entitled to recommend yearly three in- 
 patients, and three to be delivered at their own habitations. 
 A subscription of one guinea entitles to one in, and one out- 
 patient. 
 
 President, Earl of Shaftesbury. — Treasurer, Thos. Somers Cocks, 
 Jun.,Esq., M.P. — Chaplain, Rev. Abraham Peat, M.A. — Consult- 
 ing Physician, Charles Locock, M.D. — Physicians Accoucheur : 
 Edward Rigby, M.D. ; Lawson Cape, M.D. — Physician to the Out- 
 patients, James Reid, M.D. — Surgeon, John F. South, Esq. — 
 Secretary, Mr. W. W. Hastings, Southampton-st. Bloomsbury-sq. 
 — Solicitors, Messrs. Hastings and Best. — Matron, Mrs. Arnold. 
 Resident Midwife, Mrs. Fountain. — Collector, Mr. W. Davis, 17, 
 Canterbury-place, Lambeth. 
 
32 
 
 LYING-IN INST«- BH^Mial CljlirifeS for A.i).1824andl829 
 
 QUEEN ADELAIDES LYING-IN HOSPITAL, 
 Queen- street, Golden-square. Established 1824.i Furnishes 
 poor lying-in women with assistance and medicine at their 
 own homes, but those who may be totally destitute are ad- 
 mitted into the Hospital after the due investigation of their 
 cases. This Hospital reports a very satisfactory result at- 
 tending the practice of its usefulness, and specially during 
 the past year, when, in 1,000 cases, not one terminated 
 fatally. The annual average of cases is about that number. 
 
 A subscription of one guinea annually, or 10 guineas at 
 one time, constitutes a Governor, who is entitled to recom- 
 mend one in-patient every second year, and three out- 
 patients annually. 
 
 Consulting Physician, James Arthur Wilson, M.D. — Consulting 
 Surgeon, Samuel Lane, Esq. — Consulting Physician- Accoucheur, 
 Henry Davies, M.D.- — Resident Medical Officer, William Henry 
 Yell, Esq.— Apothecary, Thomas Stillman, Esq. — House Surgeon, 
 Walter Rochfort, Esq. — Cupper, John Mapleson, Esq. — Bankers, 
 Messrs. Hopkinson and Co. — Honorary Secretary, Thomas Still- 
 man, Esq. — Collector, Mr. George Churchman, Marshall-street, 
 Golden-square. 
 
 QUEEN ADELAIDE AND BRITISH LADIES' 
 INSTITUTION, 13, Chapel-place, Cavendish-square. Es- 
 tablished 1829. For attendance upon poor married women 
 at their own habitations, and for providing them with medi- 
 cine and use of linen during their confinement, upon a 
 subscriber's recommendation ; which entitles them to the 
 attendance of a skilful and experienced midwife, or in cases 
 of difficulty or danger, to that of one of the medical gen- 
 tlemen, and all necessary medicine for one month, free of 
 all charges. The district through which the benefits of this 
 charity extends, comprises the parish of St. George, Han- 
 over-square, the parishes in the City and Liberties of West- 
 minster, the Borough of Mary-le-bone, including St. Pancras 
 and Paddington, Chelsea, Brompton, and Kensington. 
 
 Subscribers of one guinea have a right to recommend two 
 objects annually for medical attendance, or four for the use 
 of linen during the month of confinement. 
 
 ^ Founded, in 1824, as the Middlesex Dispensary, afterward.s, in 183.^, 
 as a lying-in hospital. It is stated to be the only one in London, where 
 no midwives are employed. 
 
33 
 
 LYING-IN INSTS- |*|Itnal ^^IlfpSrS. A.D. 1778 & 1787 
 
 Medical Officers : John Moody, Esq. ; Thomas Davis, Esq. ; 
 H. St. John BuUen, Esq. — Treasurer and Secretary, B. G. Beale, 
 Esq. — Clerk, Mr. T. Dean. — Collector, Mr. J. Pateman. 
 
 THE CHARLOTTE STREET GENERAL LYING- 
 IN AND SICK DISPENSARY, 10, RusseU-place, Rath- 
 bone-place. Instituted 1778. For the delivery and support 
 of poor married women, each patient when confined receiv- 
 ing four shillings ; and also for the relief of poor sick men, 
 women, children, and servants, at their own habitations, in 
 all parts of London and Westminster, by medical and sur- 
 gical attendance. Recommendatory tickets from the sub- 
 scribers are received at the Dispensary between 9 and 11 
 o'clock every morning (Sundays excepted). The annual 
 number of patients attended and relieved is generally 600. 
 
 One guinea annual, or 10 guineas donation, entitles to 
 recommend two patients. 
 
 Surgeon-Accoucheur and Secretary, John Robinson Wells, Esq., 
 Wimpole-street. — Consulting Surgeon, B. Phillips, Esq. — Collec- 
 tor, Mr. Guynette, 11, Upper Cleveland-street, Fitzroy-square. 
 
 NEWMAN STREET LYING-IN INSTITUTION, 
 
 90, Newman-street. Established 1787. For delivering and 
 assisting poor married women, during their confinement at 
 their own habitations. In addition to the medical attend- 
 ance, it afibrds a gratuity of five shillings to each poor pa- 
 tient requiring it. The average number annually thus 
 attended is upwards of 300. One guinea annual, or 10 
 guineas donation, entitles to recommend two patients. 
 
 President, Lord Kenyon.— Treasurer, W. Churton, Esq., 91, 
 Oxford-street. — Consulting Physician, R. Lee, M.D. — Surgeon- 
 Accoucheur, Mr. Tucker, 38, Bemers-street. — Honorary Secre- 
 tary, Mr. B. W. Gardiner, Princes-street, Cavendish-square. — 
 Secretary, Mr. Woolmer, 90, Newman-street. 
 
 The other Maternity Charities partake more of the 
 general character of district visiting and distress-relieving 
 associations, such as enable poor married women to obtain 
 gratuitous attendance, including the loan of a box of linen, 
 &LC., and are attached to most of the visiting societies and 
 congregational charities, and generally superintended by a 
 committee of ladies, who personally visit each case : the 
 subscriptions are from 5 to 21 shillings, and every subscriber 
 
 8 
 
34 
 
 WOMEN & CHiLD^-- MttM J^BXHm fat A.P. 1843 & 1847 
 
 can recommend cases according to the sum subscribed. — 
 Vide " Mother and Infant's Friend Society," &c. 
 
 HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN, Red Lion Square, Blooms- 
 bury. Instituted 1843. Exclusively for the reception and 
 treatment of females who are afflicted with diseases peculiar 
 to the sex. The number of patients admitted during a year 
 is from 50 to 60 ; last year 53 — 39 married and 14 single. Of 
 these, 23 were discharged cured, and 26 greatly benefited ; 
 4 only were found incurable. 
 
 The objects of this Hospital must not be confounded with 
 lying-in charities or others. It is the only institution of the 
 kind where medical attention is afforded exclusively for fe- 
 male suffering. Cases are, of course, received by the general 
 hospitals ; but here, skill and care are directed alone to them, 
 and, as the returns exhibit, with great success in the most 
 difficult and baffling cases. The annual expenses are fairly 
 met by the receipts, of about Xl,000, but as these arise wholly 
 from voluntary sources, they are precarious, and, more than 
 that, are derived, for the most part, from donations. 
 
 Three guineas annual, or thirty guineas donation, entitle 
 to recommend one in-patient and ten out-patients during 
 the year. One guinea annual, or 10 guineas donation, to 
 recommend out-patients only. 
 
 President, the Duke of Rutland. — Treasurer, John Dean Paul, 
 Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Edward Futvoye, Esq., 23, John- 
 street — Medical Officers : Consulting Physician, Robert Fergusson, 
 Esq., M.D. — Physicians: Edward Rigby, Esq., M.D.; Protheroe 
 Smith, Esq., M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, F. C. Skey, Esq. — 
 Bankers, Messrs. Strahan, Paul, Paul, and Bates. — Collector, Mr. 
 Robert Watkins, 19, Clarence-road, Kentish Town. 
 
 FREE HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN, 
 
 and Samaritan Institution, 1, North Audley-street. Formed 
 1847. This institution is made likewise to bear the title of 
 " the Gynepathic Hospital •} but more properly speaking, it 
 is simply a dispensary. Its plan appears to comprehend 
 primarily, the same objects as the Hospital for Women last 
 mentioned, but confined in treatment to out-patients ; and 
 secondly, the operations of a maternity charity : the state- 
 ment issued by its Directors, represents 13,345 cases as having 
 been treated since its formation, and considerable assistance 
 
 ^ Described as founded by Dr. Jones, first, in Gray-street, Manchester- 
 square ; allerwards, 4, Orchard-street, Portman-square. 
 
35 
 
 INPIRMAKY FOB ^jIBrijll ^^UtpIISJS. CHILDREN, A.D.1816 
 
 aflForded as a Samaritan Institution, in supplying medicines 
 and other requisites to servants and the sick poor generally, 
 from whom no recommendation is required. 
 
 The medical officers are in daily attendance at twelve 
 o'clock. One pound annually, or ten pounds donatioij, is re- 
 quired to constitute a Governor. The support afforded to 
 the institution appears to be increasing. 
 
 President, Lord D. C. Stewart. — Consulting Physician, R. Lee, 
 Esq., M.D. — Surgeon, C. G. Guthrie, Esq. — Treasurer, Grattan 
 Cooke, Esq., 37, AUsop -terrace. New-road. ^ — Assistant Secretary, 
 Mr. J. W. Mountain, 2, Albert-terrace. — ^Physicians : W. Jones, 
 Esq., M.D.; H. Savage, Esq., M.D. — Dental Surgeon, D. J. Bren- 
 neis, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, A. H. Moore, Esq., 10, Glou- 
 cester-road, llegent's-pk. — Collector, Mr. J. Gardner, 68, Leather- 
 lane. — Bankers, Sir Claude Scott, Bart., and Co. 
 
 ROYAL INFIRMARY FOR CHILDREN, Waterloo 
 Bridge-road. Instituted 1816. For affording prompt medical 
 aid to the children of the necessitous poor in all parts of the 
 metropolis and its vicinity, from the period of their bu'th to 
 the age of fourteen years, and is open in all cases to a first 
 appKcation for relief without recommendation, daily from 
 nine o'clock till eight a.m. Medicines and attendance are 
 likewise afforded to the sick mothers of the patients. Since 
 the beginning of 1848, it has relieved more than 10,000 pa- 
 tients. Its funds are represented as in a falling state, owing 
 to an accumulating debt of about £'500, for drugs. They 
 are entirely dependant on voluntary support. A subscrip- 
 tion of one guinea annually, constitutes a Governor, with the 
 right of a vote at all elections. 
 
 Patron, the Queen.— President, the Lord Mayor for the time 
 being. — Treasurer, Arthur Kett Barclay, Esq., Southwark. — 
 Bankers, Messrs. Fuller and Co., Lothbury. — Consulting Physi- 
 cian, James Copland, M.D. — Physicians: H. Willshire, M.D.; 
 C. Hutton, M.D.; and S. W. J. Merriman, M.D.— Surgeons : 
 Walter C. Denby, Esq.; W. B. Hawes, Esq.; and E. Canton, Esq. 
 — Surgeon Dentist, S. Cartwriglit, Esq. — House Surgeon and Apo- 
 thecary, Robert Westley, M.B., who resides at the infirmary. — 
 Secretary, Mr. E. Meymott, 34, Stamford-street. — CoUector, Lieut. 
 Flint, 87, Great Portland-street, Cavendish- square. 
 
 Note. A HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN is, now designed, for the 
 reception of in-patients. The preliminary prospectus proposes 100 beds; 
 and age of patients, from two to twelve years. The responsible nuincs to 
 this charitable project are Joseph Hoare, Esq., as Treasurer, and H. A, 
 Bathurst, Esq., 1 Uevonshire-place, as Honorary Secretary. 
 
36 
 
 SMALL-POX HOS. ^JlMui €)^mtm for A.D. 1746 
 
 Vaccination is now practised at all our hospitals, but the 
 three following institutions are almost exclusively for its 
 promotion. The discovery was made first in 1796, by Dr. 
 Jenner ; in 1798-91 the cure became public, and its prac- 
 tice, in some considerable degree, began to supersede the old 
 plan pursued by the Small Pox Hospital, which was, in fact, 
 founded with the system of Inocidation^ for one of its chief 
 objects. The two systems were each pursued untU 1808, 
 when the governors appeared to be convinced that the public 
 verdict in favour of vaccination was a right one, and deter- 
 mined to discontinue the other. Their hesitation, however, 
 to adopt suddenly the new method, led to the establishment 
 of the Royal Jennerian Institution, in 1803. In 1809, the 
 government establishment was formed ; and from that time 
 to 1820, it became the recognized method throughout aU 
 Europe. The Vaccination Act was passed 3 and 4 Victoria, 
 1840. 
 
 SMALL POX AND VACCINATION HOSPITAL, 
 Upper HoUoway, Highgate-hill. Instituted 1746.3 The de- 
 sign of this institution is two-fold ; first, to shelter and relieve 
 those who are attacked by natural small-pox ; and, secondly, 
 to prevent that dreadful malady by vaccination. 
 
 Every poor person, of five years old or upwards, labouring 
 under casual small-pox, is deemed a proper object as an in- 
 patient. Children under that age are admitted, with their 
 mothers or nurses, on the payment of \s. Qd. per day for 
 their board. Admission every day, and at any hour, upon 
 the recommendation of a Governor. The accommodation of 
 the hospital has been increased, by the new building, from 35 
 to 70 beds. The number of in-patients admitted during 1 847 
 was 461, of whom 81 died; the number of out-patients, 3,230 
 
 Vaccination is given daily, from ten till one o'clock ; and 
 
 ^ Dr. Jenner's first work upon the subject was published (by Sampson 
 Low, of Berwick-street, Soho), 1798; and in 1802 he received a grant of 
 ^eiO.OOO or ^ei 2,000 for his discovery. 
 
 2 Inoculation was introduced into this country, from Turkey, by Lady 
 Montague, who was allowed to have it tried for the first time on seven 
 condemned criminals, 1721. 
 
 * The building, at Battle-bridge, St. Pancras. was not opened until 
 1767. This was purchased, with the land, by the Great Northern Rail- 
 way Company, and the present building erected, at a cost of ^£20,000, out 
 of compensation thereby obtained. It opens for the reception of patients 
 at Midsummer. 
 
37 
 
 BOYAL YACCINE. ^^UiSii l^lIipSfS. A.D. 1806 
 
 vaccine lymph is gratuitously distributed to physicians and 
 surgeons who may apply for the same ; and the hospital is 
 open for the instruction of medical pupils, who may learn, 
 within its walls, the appearance of small-pox, and of cow- 
 pox, (fee. 
 
 One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes 
 a Governor. The funds of the hospital are supported in 
 part also by parochial contributions for the treatment of 
 pauper patients. 
 
 Treasurer, Florance Thomas Young, Esq., 9, Great Cumberland- 
 place. — Chaplain, Rev. W. S. Rowe, M.A. — Physician, George 
 Gregory, M.D. — Resident Surgeon, etc., James Fumess Marson, 
 Esq. — Secretary, Samuel Clift, Esq., 30, Bloomsbury-square. — 
 Matron, Mrs. Elizabeth Deeble. 
 
 THE BOYAL JENNERIAN AND LONDON VAC- 
 CINE INSTITUTION, 18, Providence-row, Finsbury- 
 square. Founded 1806. Stations for vaccination, free of 
 expense, on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thurs- 
 days, at two o'clock. No. 1, Union-court, opposite St. An- 
 drew's Church, Holborn-hill ; at half-past two o'clock; head 
 vaccine house, No. 18, Providence-row, Finsbury-square, 
 where vaccine matter is delivered any time between nine 
 and five. 
 
 The returns for 1848 exhibit the number of persons vac- 
 cinated as 7,051, and supplies of vaccine transmitted to va- 
 rious parts of the world to the extent of 30 or 40,000. The 
 Board of Ordnance, and many other public bodies, receive 
 their supplies here. 
 
 This Institution is supported at a cost of little more than 
 £300 per annum ; an amount but barely covered by its 
 voluntary contributions, upon which it wholly depends. 
 
 Bankers, Messrs. Barclay and Co. — Secretary, Charles Chantry, 
 Esq. — Medical Director, John Epps, M.D., 89, Great RusseU-st. 
 — Collector, Mr. David Hine, 16, Gresham-place. 
 
 NATIONAL VACCINE ESTABLISHMENT, S, Rus- 
 sell-place, Fitzroy-square. Established 1809. The board, 
 appointed by government to regulate the affairs of this esta- 
 blishment for gratuitous vaccination, etc., is constituted of 
 the president aud senior censor of the Royal College of Phy- 
 sicians, and the president of the Royal College of Surgeons. 
 
 Medical practitioners, in all parts of the empire, may be 
 supplied with vaccipe lymph, without any expense, provided 
 
38 
 
 OPHTHALMIC. Mttiui Ciifiritips fnr a.d. 1804 
 
 they report the number vaccinated from the former supply. 
 By the last annual return, ordered by parliament, it appears 
 that during the year, 174,291 charges of lymph have been 
 distributed, and 11,790 children vaccinated by the surgeons 
 appointed for the London districts. Letters of application 
 to be addressed to the Registrar, and enveloped thus : — " To 
 the Right Hon. the Secretary of State for the Home Depart- 
 ment, Whitehall. Nat. Vaccine Estab." Vaccination days, 
 Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, from ten till eleven o'clock. 
 
 Registrar, Clement Hue, M.D. — Inspector of Vaccinators and 
 Vaccinator, J. Newton Tomkins, Esq.— Stationary Vaccinators : 
 Frederick Agar, Esq. ; Charles Arthur Aikin, Esq. ; A. Buchanan, 
 Esq. ; George Cooper, Esq. ; William H. Freeman, Esq. ; W. J. 
 Gaye, Esq. ; G. M. Lease, Esq. ; W. J. Lewis, Esq. ; R. H. Ro- 
 bertson, Esq. ; Robert Sample, Esq. ; George Simpson, Esq. ; S. 
 H. Sterry, Esq. ; Nowall Stowers, Esq. ; Robert Wade, Esq. ; N. 
 B. Ward, Esq. ; Erasmus Wren, Esq. 
 
 ROYAL LONDON OPHTHALMIC HOSPITAL, 
 
 Moorfields. Founded 1804. For the cure of diseases of the 
 eye, and for advancing the science of ophthalmic medicine 
 and surgery. It was the first institution of the kind ever 
 established in England, and nearly 200,000 patients have 
 been under the care of its medical officers, and within the 
 last two years, 16,054 out-patients, and 445 in-patients. 
 
 The annual income is about ^£800, half of which arises 
 from dividends ; the remainder depends on voluntary support. 
 
 Patients are admitted daily, without recommendation, 
 from eight to ten, and cases of emergency at all hours. 
 
 One guinea annually, or ten guineas and upwards at one 
 time, constitutes a Governor. 
 
 President, Earl Fitzwilliam — Treasurer, John Labouchere, 
 Esq. — Trustees : John Labouchere, Esq. ; Joseph Gumay Bar- 
 clay, Esq. ; Sir Charles Rugga Price, Bart. — Consulting Physi- 
 cian, John Richard Farre, M.D. — Physician, Frederick J. Farre, 
 M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, John Dalrymple, Esq. — Surgeons: 
 Gilbert Mackmurdo, Esq. ; James Dixon, Esq. ; George Critchett, 
 Esq. — Assistant Surgeons : William Bowman, Esq. ; Alfred Po- 
 land, Esq. — Cuppers, Messrs. T. W. Foster and Co. — Resident 
 Apothecary, Mr. W. Ledger. — Secretary, Mr. F. A. Curling, 
 Winchester House, 54, Old Broad-street. — Collector, Mr. W. 
 Eddrup, 51, Houndsditch. 
 
39 
 
 OPHTHALMIC. ^^ttM I^IirpSJS. A.D. 1804 & 1816 
 
 ROYAL INFIRM A R Y, for the Relief of the Poor afflicted 
 with Diseases of the Eye, Cork-street, Burlington-gardens. 
 Instituted 1804.^ Every person applying as an out-patient, 
 is relieved and placed upon the list of a governor, taken in 
 rotation from the list of subscribers ; but this does not inter- 
 fere with the governor's privilege of sending the number of 
 patients to which his subscription entitles him. A governor 
 is entitled to have three out-patients constantly on the books. 
 
 The Committee meet the first Tuesday after each quarter 
 day, at eleven o'clock. During the past year 2,671 patients 
 were treated, of whom only 89 were found incurable. 58 
 operations were performed for cataract, 63 of which were 
 successful. Since the first year, the total number has been 
 86,792 patients cured, 2,743 found incurable, and 2,527 suc- 
 cessful operations for cataract performed, 183 of which were 
 upon persons born blind. 
 
 The present income is represented as insufficient, and as 
 limiting the number of in-patients. Such are now only ad- 
 mitted in cataract cases, whilst requiring operation. The 
 whole amount of receipts is under .£300 per annum, two- 
 thirds of which depends on subscriptions. The expenditure 
 exceeds the income by more than £\00 a-year. 
 
 A donation of 20 guineas and upwards, or a subscription 
 of 2 guineas and upwards annually, constitutes a Governor. 
 
 President, The Duke of Somerset. — Operating Surgeon and 
 Surgeon in Ordinary, Henry Alexander, Esq. — Assistant Surgeon, 
 Charles Revans Alexander, Esq. — Visiting Apothecary, E. A. 
 Brande, Esq. — Treasurer, Frank Milne, Esq. — Honorary Secre- 
 tary, John Savory, Esq., 143, New Bond-street. — Collector, Mr. 
 Scarman, 17, Maddox-street. 
 
 THE ROYAL WESTMINSTER OPHTHALMIC 
 HOSPITAL, Chandos-street, Charing- cross. Instituted 
 1816. For the relief of the poor of every description, labour- 
 ing under diseases of the eye, on their own application, with- 
 out letters of recommendation from governors. Persons in 
 the country will be received after a previous application made 
 by the clergyman of the parish. 
 
 ■^ Founded by Sir Wathen Wallur laying a proposal before their Ma- 
 jesties, for tbe formation of an infirmary, incident upon the extent of suf- 
 fering he was then endeavouring to relieve amongst the soldiers and 
 sailors who had returned from the Egyptian expedition. 
 
40 
 
 y. L. OPHTHALMIC. J&tUui Cljaritirs for a.d. i84i 
 
 During the past year, 187 in-patients have been under 
 treatment, and 4,205 out-patients. The number of operations 
 of an important character average 100 annually. The days 
 of admission for in-patients and advice for out-patients are 
 Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, from half-past twelve 
 to half-past one. Since its formation, 1705 cases have been 
 restored to sight by the operation for cataract. 
 
 The income averages ,£600 per annum, £150 of which 
 arises from dividends. The expenditure is under this amount 
 at present. 
 
 Subscribers are entitled at all elections to a vote for each 
 
 guinea paid annually, or for each 20 guineas paid at once as 
 fe- governors. 
 
 President, The Duke of Wellington. — Chairman, Sir J. E. 
 Swinburne. — Honorary Chaplain, Rev. James Murray, M.A. — 
 Treasurers : Colonel Wood ; Colonel Thomas Wood. — Surgeons : 
 G. J. Guthrie, Esq. ; Charles Gardiner Guthrie, Esq. ; Henry 
 Hancock, Esq. — Assistant Surgeon, Edwin Canton, Esq. — House 
 Surgeon, Mr. R. Hamilton. — Secretary, Thomas R. Fowler, R.N., 
 10, Brook-street, Lambeth. — Cupper, Mr. G. F.Knox. — Cupper, 
 Mr. Boutell. — Housekeeper, Mrs. Silver. 
 
 TRB NORTH LONDON OPHTHALMIC INSTI- 
 TUTION, 31, Charlotte-street, Portland-place. Instituted 
 1841. For the relief of all poor with diseases of the eye. 
 Open daily (Sundays excepted), from ten till eleven in the 
 morning. Urgent cases are seen at all times, at the resi- 
 dences of the medical officers, and if requisite, admitted into 
 the house. 
 
 The number of patients during the past year has been 
 1,134, ; of whom 834 have recovered, 74 materially bene- 
 fited, 29 incurable, and 397 are under treatment. The ex- 
 penses appear very moderate, being under ^130, and are 
 dependant for the requisite amount from voluntary contri- 
 butions. 
 
 One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes 
 a Governor, entitled to one vote at all elections of medical 
 officers, and to recommend cases. 
 
 Consulting Surgeon, John Dalrymple, Esq. — Surgeons : W. 
 White Cooper, Esq. ; George Pollock, Esq. ; John Pyle, Esq. ; 
 H. B. Norman, Esq. — Apothecary, Mr. Burcham. — Matron, Mrs. 
 Darling. — Treasurer, R. Twining, Jun., Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. 
 Twining. — Collector, Mr. Walter, 2, Riding-house-lane, Port- 
 land-place. 
 
41 
 
 OPHTHALMIC, 1843. ^|n*rifll ^HipSPS. EAR DISEASES, 1816 
 
 CENTRAL LONDON OPHTHALMIC HOSPITAL, 
 1, Calthorpe- street (corner of Gray's Inn-road. Established 
 184.3. First opened as a Dispensary, of rather restricted be- 
 nefits, but during the last two or three years considerably 
 extended ; and at the present time the annual number of 
 patients relieved is upwards of 2,000, and last year 700 serious 
 operations were performed. This charity appears to be ma- 
 naged at a very little expense, and much more usefulness 
 effected by it than could be reasonably expected, from its 
 limited receipts. 
 
 Attendance is given daily at two o'clock ; on Mondays, 
 Wednesdays, and Fridays, by Mr. Walton, and the alternate 
 days by Mr. Smee. No letter of recommendation is requisite 
 to procure relief and medicine. Extreme cases only, and 
 those requiring operation, are admitted as in-patients, for 
 which the recommendation of a governor is indispensable, 
 and generally the repayment of patient's board. 
 
 One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes 
 a Governor. 
 
 President, Lord Calthorpe. — Treasurer, William Smee, Esq. — 
 Bankers, Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smiths. — Surgeons: H. 
 Haynes Walton, Esq. ; Alfred Smee, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, 
 Robert J. Child, Esq., 25, Blandford-square. — Collector, Mr. 
 James Gye, Hall of Commerce, City. 
 
 ROYAL DISPENSARY for Diseases of the Ear, 10, 
 'Dean-street, Soho-square.i Established 1816. Such patients 
 as require acoustic instruments, are supplied with them gra- 
 tuitously. Accidents, and also cases of deaf and dumb, are 
 admitted without letters of recommendation. The report of 
 this dispensary states, that the means of support are totally 
 inadequate to meet the numerous appeals for relief. 
 
 One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, entitles to 
 have one patient always on the books. 
 
 President, The Duke of Buccleugh. — Physician, J. Tattersall, 
 Esq. — Treasurer, John Masterman, Esq. — Secretary and Collec- 
 tor, Mr. Henry S. Smith. 
 
 METROPOLITAN EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY, 
 
 25, Sackville-strect.2 Established 1838. The reports of this 
 
 1 For many years under the direction of Mr. J. H. Curtis. 
 
 2 Late the Metropolitan Institution for Diseases of the Ear, Throat, 
 etc., 32, Sackv-ille- street. 
 
42 
 
 OETHOPiEDIC HOS. 3Jlttol CljIlrititS fill A. D. 1836 
 
 institution represent an annual average of patients of nearly 
 800. The days for their attendance are Monday, Wednes- 
 day, and Friday, from ten to eleven. 
 
 Five guineas donation, or one guinea annually, entitle to 
 recommend cases. Patients coming without recommenda- 
 tions have to obtain their own medicines. 
 
 President, Lord Denman. — Treasurer, H. T. Clack, Esq., Union 
 Bank, 12, Argyle-place. — Surgeon, James Yearsley, Esq., 15, 
 Saville-row. — Secretary, Mr. G. J. Soper. 
 
 THE ORTHOPONIC INSTITUTION appears to be 
 formed for the purpose of advancing and giving publicity to 
 the method pursued by Mr. Yearsley, the aurist to the last- 
 mentioned establishment, in the treatment of persons afflicted 
 with stammering, aphonia, and other impediments of speech, 
 or diseases of the throat. It is described as an institution of 
 a private character, and without any published report. Open 
 for the reception of patients on Thursday mornings, from 
 ten till eleven. 
 
 Surgeon, James Yearsley, Esq., 15, Saville-row. — Conductor of 
 the Elocutionary Treatment, Rev. Henry Butterfield, M.A. 
 
 ROYAL ORTHOPEDIC HOSPITAL, 6, Bloomsbury- 
 square. Founded 1838 ; commenced operations, 1840 ; re- 
 ceived the first six in-patients, 1841. For the cure of club- 
 foot and other contractions, lateral curvature of the spine, etc. 
 This very excellent charity provides successful treatment for 
 those distortions of the human body so deplorable to witness, 
 and, untU lately, believed incurable ; recent operations, how- 
 ever, have been very successful in discovering a most impor- 
 tant method by which even extreme adult cases of contraction 
 and deformity may be cured in a few weeks or months, ob- 
 viating the slow and uncertain progress of cure under the old 
 mechanical plan of treatment.^ These deformities being of 
 more frequent occurrence amongst the poor, and the expense 
 attending their relief great, are amongst the reasons why 
 this institution should be supported by the benevolent. 
 
 The Secretary states, that the number of applications for 
 
 ^ Dr. Little, of Finsbury-square, and Mr. Henry T. Chapman, of 
 Lower Seymour-street, were amongst the first to introduce in this country, 
 and have proved mainly instrumental in perfecting, the present system 
 (dividing the tendons, etc.), carried out upon the principle discovered by 
 Delpech, and further developed by Dr. Stroraeyer, of Hanover. Both the 
 above gentlemen are deserving of great credit for their careful study of 
 the pathology of this important subject. 
 
43 
 
 THE YERRAL, &C. ^JftM f mpHSfS. A.D. 1836 
 
 relief, averages 30 to 40 per week, from all parts of the king- 
 dom, and that many distressing cases are excluded from the 
 hospital solely for want of accommodation. The wards con- 
 tain 36 beds. The number of patients benefited during last 
 year was upwards of 1,200, and the present daily average of 
 out-patients, 100. 
 
 One guinea annually, or 5 guineas donation, constituting 
 a member for ten years, or 10 guineas a life member — entitled 
 to recommend one in and two out-patients annually. The 
 payment of X'lO entitles a patient to be received at once into 
 an " extra bed." The annual expenditure amounts to about 
 j£l,600 per annum ; and voluntary contributions constitute, 
 with a trifling exception, its entire support. 
 
 President, Duke of Cambridge. — Treasurers : Mr. Sargeant 
 Adams, and others. — Surgeon, R. W. Tamplin, Esq., 29, Great 
 Queen-street. — Assistant Surgeons : E. F. Lonsdale, Esq. ; E. J. 
 Chance, Esq. — Chaplain and Honorary Secretary, Rev. George 
 Kemp, M.A., 13, Bloomsbury-square. — Bankers, Messrs. Martin, 
 Stones, and Martins. — Secretary, Mr. B. Maskell, 7, Bloomsbury- 
 square. 
 
 THi: VERBAL CHARITABLE SOCIETY, 84, Nor- 
 ton-street, Great Portland-street. Established 1836. For 
 the reception and treatment of poor persons, afflicted with 
 diseases and distortions of the spine, chest, hips, etc. Sub- 
 scribers of 1 guinea annually, or 10 guineas at one time, are 
 entitled to have one patient always under treatment. It is 
 expected that the out-patients nominated shall be unable to 
 defray their own expenses. In-patients or their friends have 
 to pay a monthly amount for board. The medical officers 
 may be consulted gratuitously by the poor at the office, on 
 Tuesdays, between the hours of eleven and one. 
 
 The Asylum, Eastbourne, Sussex, is for the benefit of such 
 patients as require sea air to perfect their treatment. They 
 must have the recommendation of a subscriber, and pay a 
 moderate weekly amount for board, etc. It is under the 
 management of a local ladies' committee. 
 
 Treasurer, Mrs. Henry Ogle.^ — Sm^eons: W. C. Hugman, 
 Esq. ; Charles Verrall, Esq. ; Henry Day, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. 
 Hanbury and Co. — Honorary Secretary, C. Verrall, Esq.-^ Agents, 
 Houlston and Stoneman, Paternoster-row. — Collector, Mr. James 
 Bumingham, 13, Liverpool-place, New-road. 
 
 ^ This Society was founded, by Mrs. Ogle, in 1836, conjointly with 
 the late Dr. Verral, father of the present surgeon. 
 
44 
 
 FISTULA iNFiRMT. 3^^^^! CijaritiBS fur a.d. isss 
 
 HAERISOJV'SSPIJVAL INSTITUTION, 2, Middlesex- 
 place, New-road, Paddington. Founded by the late Dr. 
 Harrison ; and receives six in-door patients, whom it pro- 
 vides with food and every comfort besides medical treatment. 
 
 Twenty guineas donation constitutes a Life Governor, 
 who has the right to recommend a patient. 
 
 President, R. W. Sievier, Esq. — Physician, Dr. Semy. — Sur- 
 geon, George N. Epps, Esq. — Consulting Physician, Dr. Epps, 
 — Bankers, Coutts and Co. — Secretary, Mr. Charles Musgrave, 
 94, Chancery-lane. — Collector, Mr. Robert Simpson, 19, Brook- 
 street, Grosvenor-square. 
 
 HOSPITAL for SPINAL DEFORMITIES, 26, Judd- 
 place-west, is an institution of a private character, for the 
 development of the mode of treatment pursued by Mr. Joseph 
 Amesbury; until lately held at 31, Queen-square, Blooms- 
 bury. 
 
 Surgeon, Mr. Amesbury. — Secretary, Mr. James Clements. 
 
 THE FISTULA INFIRMARY, 38, Charter House- 
 square. Instituted 1835. An infirmary for the relief of the 
 poor, afflicted with fistula, and other diseases of the rectum. 
 It has restored, within a few years, many hundreds of the 
 poorer order from pain and misery to health and enjoyment. 
 The regular day of admission for males is Tuesday, at half- 
 past eight ; for females, Friday, at the same time. No pa- 
 tient is refused to be placed under treatment who applies 
 at the Infirmary. To give them as little trouble as pos- 
 sible, they are accepted upon account of the governor who 
 resides nearest to them, or of such in the country as may not 
 have used their privileges. 
 
 In consequence of a recent munificent gift of a piece of 
 ground, on the east of Safiron-hill, by Mr. Bond Cabbell, 
 valued at between £4,000 and £5,000, it has been determined 
 to proceed forthwith in raising a sufiicient building fund for 
 the erection of a suitable hospital. It is expected to be 
 nearly five years before ready ; and it will then, in pursuance 
 of the wishes of Mr. Cabbell, be termed, " St. Andrew's Hos- 
 pital for Diseases of the Lower Intestines." This title, how- 
 ever, it is distinctly understood, is not to be used previous to 
 that period. 
 
 The number of patients treated last year was 520 ; of 
 whom 105 remained on the books at the end of the year, 68 
 
45 
 
 TRUSS SOCIETIES. ^^Ufli ^111^051*5. A.D. 1786 <fc 1807 
 
 awaiting their turn for admission, being cases requiring the 
 assistance of operative surgery, with in-door comforts. The 
 want of hospital room has alone retarded hitherto the bene- 
 fits of this excellent institution, and limited its extent ; the 
 number of in-patients must be limited, from the fact of only 
 <£264 being charged last year for maintenance. The pre- 
 sent amount of annual income is about ,£800, including the 
 interest of j£3,000, forming part of building fund referred to. 
 The expenses are economical, and the whole disbursements 
 at present well covered. 
 
 Subscribers of one guinea annual, or donors of 10, are en- 
 titled to recommend two out-patients annually ; and double 
 that amount, two in-patients and four out. 
 
 Treasurer, John Masterman, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Master- 
 man and Co. — Honorary Chaplain, Rev. G. Taylor, M.A. — Hono- 
 rary Physician, John James Fumivall, Esq., M.D. — Honorary 
 Surgeon, Frederick Salmon, Esq. — House Surgeon, Henry R. 
 Burton, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Thomas Leslie. — Matron, Mrs. 
 Wilson. — Collector, Mr. W. Harben, 64, Camden-road-vUlas, 
 Camden Town. 
 
 NATIONAL TRUSS SOCIETY, 74, King William- 
 street, City. Instituted 1 786. For the purpose of amelio- 
 rating the pitiable state of such among the working classes 
 as are afflicted with hernia, more commonly known as rup- 
 ture ; for the relief of both sexes. 
 
 The cases are more than temporally relieved, as each poor 
 sufferer is supplied with a truss, or other instrument neces- 
 sary for the complaint, as long as the want for it is felt. 
 
 Contributors may recommend three cases in the year. 
 
 Treasurer, Charles Francis, Esq. — Trustees: Sir John Rae 
 Reid, Bart. ; Arthur Kett Barclay, Esq. ; and the Treasurer. — 
 Bankers, Sir Charles Price, Bart, and Co. — Surgeon, Samuel 
 Solly, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Henry Swift. 
 
 CITT OF LONDON TRUSS SOCIETY, 76, Queen- 
 street, Cheapside. Instituted 1807. Similar to the preceding, 
 to provide trusses, furnish bandages and other necessary in- 
 struments, adminster surgical aid promptly, and to supply 
 medicines and attendance during the cure of the patient. 
 No persons but those who are really indigent can receive the 
 benefit of this charity. The number of patients relieved 
 since the formation of the society is nearly 150,000, and the 
 annual average of patients at the present time is stated to 
 be 5,000. 
 
4fi 
 
 RUPTUBE,A.D.i804 3lMiral CjiHritiw fnr aldis's, a.d. 1820 
 
 One gxiinea annually constitutes a Governor, entitled to 
 recommend four patients within the year. The Surgeon 
 attends on Wednesdays and Saturdays, at one o'clock, to ex- 
 amine the cases recommended ; or the patients may apply 
 at his house, 48, Hatton-garden, any morning before nine 
 o'clock. 
 
 President, The Earl of Eldon. — Treasurer, Samuel Cartwright, 
 Esq. — Surgeon, John C. Taunton, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Thomas 
 Eglinton, 39, King-street, Cheapside. 
 
 RUPTURE SOCIETY, 22, Lincoln's-inn-fields.i Insti- 
 tuted 1804. For the relief of the poor of both sexes. The 
 benefits extended to all parts of the kingdom. 1,047 pa- 
 tients were relieved by its means last year, and 40,000, it is 
 stated, since its formation, at an annual expense of between 
 .£3,000 and J4,000, raised by voluntary contributions. 
 
 One guinea annually, or 10 guineas at one payment, en- 
 titles to recommend three patients annually, who will be sup- 
 plied with either single or double truss, and necessary advice. 
 Patients must attend before nine o'clock, with their recom- 
 mendations, at the Surgeon's residence, 26, Grosvenor-street. 
 
 Treasurer, Henry Merrick Hoare, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. 
 Hoare. — Surgeon, Caesar A. Hawkins, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. John 
 Porter, 22, Lincoln 's-inn-fields. — -Collector, Mr. Jeffery, 3, Found- 
 ling-terrace. 
 
 THE LOCK HOSPITAL, although in one sense a me- 
 dical charity, partakes more of the character of a " refuge" ; 
 therefore the account, in full, will be found given hereafter. 
 
 INSTITUTION FOR THE CURE AND RELIEF 
 OF GLANDULAR DISEASES, especially those denomi- 
 nated Cancer, Scrofula, etc., 20, Clifford-street, Bond-street. 
 Established 1820. The founder states that for ten years 
 prior to the establishment of this institution, he had, entirely 
 at his own expense, by advice and medicines, given assistance 
 to about 5,000 poor patients : since its establishment, up- 
 wards of 2,000 afflicted poor have been relieved and cured 
 from glandular complaints, for which the institution is ex- 
 clusively appropriated. Patients are to attend daily (Sundays 
 excepted), between the hours of nine and twelve in the 
 morning ; but, if unable, they will be visited at the distance 
 of one mile and a half. 
 
 ^ For some years lield at 26, Golden-square. 
 
47 
 
 LONDON INFIRMARY ^pHKl ^HrpStS. FOR SKIN, A.D. 1841 
 
 One guinea annually, or 10 guineas at one time, consti- 
 tutes a Governor, entitled to have one patient on the books 
 at a time. 
 
 President, The Marquis of Salisbury. — Treasurer, B. Bond Cab- 
 bell, Esq., M.P. — Surgeon and Founder of the Institution, Sir 
 Charles Aldis, 13, Old Burlington-street, St. James's, to whom all 
 letters, relative to the business of the estabUsbment, are to be 
 addressed.^ — Honorary Secretary, F, K. Jones, Esq., 10, Bruns- 
 wick-square. — Collecting Clerk, Mr. J. White, 68, Lamb's-Con- 
 duit-street. 
 
 LONDON INFIRMARY for the Treatment of Diseases 
 of the Skin, 25, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars. Instituted 
 1841. This Infirmary was originally at 84, London- wall. 
 Patients must be recommended by a subscriber's ticket, and 
 apply on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, between the 
 hours of two and four. Patients, if not discharged before, 
 must renew their recommendatory tickets every two months. 
 Tickets of admission may be obtained daily between one 
 and three, at the dispensary, but will require a Governor's 
 signature. 
 
 One guinea annual constitutes a Governor, with power to 
 recommend patients as often he wishes ; five guineas dona- 
 tion the same privilege for six years, and ten guineas dona- 
 tion the same for life. Between 4,000 and 5,000 patients are 
 relieved annually. The amount of " The Voluntary Conva- 
 lescent Contributions " for the past year was .£322 ; a fact 
 telling much for the benefits conferred by the institution. 
 
 President, Samuel Gumey, Esq.— Treasurer, J. G. Barclay, 
 Esq. — ^ Honorary Secretary, Boyes Thornton, Esq. — Consulting 
 Physicians : T. Southwood Smith, Esq., M.D. ; Thomas Hodgkin, 
 Esq., M.D. — Surgeon, James Startin, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. 
 Charles Nash. — Dispenser and Assistant Secretary, Mr. T. Bowen. 
 — Matron, Mrs. T. Bowen. 
 
 A DISPENSARY FOR DISEASES OF THE SKIN, 
 7 A, Hampstead-street, is open for the Treatment of Skin 
 Diseases and Cutaneous Aflfections. All poor afflicted per- 
 sons, it is stated, may receive both medicine and advice gra- 
 tuitously every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, from ten 
 until one o'clock, and also that an annual subscriber of one 
 guinea is entitled to have the names of tAVo patients always 
 on the books. 
 
 Physician, Dr. Innis. 
 
48 
 
 INVALID ASYLUMS. 3MpMtKi CjiaritlPS flit A.D. 1825 & 1843 
 
 The benefit of country air, and the limited number of 
 patients, render the following Invalid Asylums peculiarly 
 advantageous for the recovery of health. Their benefits are 
 not, however, available to such as are decidedly in con- 
 sumption, suffering under infectious diseases, subject to fits, 
 or are incurable, the object being to restore health, if pos- 
 sible, by care and quietness, or at least to alleviate suffering. 
 
 INVALID ASYLUM for Respectable Females in Lonr- 
 don mid its Vicinity, High-street, Stoke Newington. Esta- 
 blished 1825. The objects of this institution are respectable 
 females, employed in shops and other dependent situations, 
 and servants obliged by illness to quit their places. To 
 such it affords a temporary asylum, widely differing from 
 the crowded receptacles for the sick in our metropolis. One 
 of its most striking peculiarities is the discrimination made of 
 character, no patient being admitted without a certificate 
 of good moral conduct, signed by two respectable house- 
 keepers, or by her employer, if the applicant has been in 
 service. 
 
 A subscription of one guinea annually, or ten guineas 
 donation, constitutes a Governor, with the privilege of re- 
 commending one patient in the year, who is entitled to 
 board, lodging, and medical attendance, for a time not ex- 
 ceeding one month ; the patient herself paying £\ on en- 
 trance, for which the institution finds tea and sugar. 
 
 Patroness, The Queen. — President, Vicountess MandeviUe. — 
 Treasurer, Mrs. M. Lister. — Consulting Physician, Dr. Cobb. — 
 Physicians : Dr. Cohen; Dr. Duesbury. — Consulting Surgeon, Wil- 
 liam Kingdon, Esq. — Surgeons : Samuel Reynolds, Esq. ; Frede- 
 rick Touhnin, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Mrs. Reynolds ; Misa 
 L. Bradshaw. — Honorary Collector, Miss E. Boyer, at Mrs. 
 M'Listers's, Paradise- row, Stoke Newington. 
 
 METROPOLITAN CONVALESCENT INSTITU- 
 TION, Office, 32, Sackville-street. Established 1843. All 
 who are acquainted with hospitals know how many patients 
 return home to die, for want of an asylum where convalescence 
 may be matured into health — where pure air and whole- 
 some food may complete what the surgeon and the physician 
 have begun. To relieve such invalids, the asylum near the 
 healthy village of Carshalton, Surrey, has been opened. 
 The present funds of the charity, although gradually in- 
 
49 
 
 CONFIRMED FEMALE ^^KHHI ^HrpflStS. INVALIDS' INST. 1842 
 
 creasing, and apparently made the most of, are still very- 
 inefficient. The return of extent of usefulness last year is 
 very satisfactory : thus, 568 patients were received, of whom 
 401 were discharged " quite recovered." This shews an in- 
 crease of 117 inmates over the previous year. 
 
 This institution is rendering most essential service to the 
 debilitated and convalescent poor, who are admitted into the 
 asylum ; but more by the illustration it affords of the exist- 
 ing necessity for an establishment upon a more extended 
 scale, before our system of hospitals can in any way be consi- 
 dered perfect ; and it is to carry out this design that the 
 committee are now appealing for public support.' 
 
 One guinea annually, or ten guineas donation, constitutes 
 a Governor, entitled to send one patient, also extra patients 
 upon a weekly payment with each, of 12s. The committee 
 meet at 32, Sackville-street, Piccadilly, every Friday even- 
 ing, at 4 o'clock. Candidates for admission to attend with 
 their recommendations at 3 o'clock, at 25, Sackville-street, 
 to be examined by the medical officers. 
 
 Chairman, The Hon. W. H. Percy.^ — Treasurer, W. Money, 
 Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Strahan and Co. — Honorary Physicians : 
 Dr. Mac Intyre ; Dr. Bell. — Honorary Surgeons : W. S. Lucas, 
 Esq. ; James T. Ware, Esq.- — Medical Officer at Carshalton, Ed- 
 ward Wallace, Esq. — Honorary Solicitors, Messrs. T. J. and E. S. 
 Clarke.^ — Secretary, Mr. John Johnston, 32, Sackville-street, Pic- 
 cadilly. — Assistant Secretary and Collector, Mr. James Gye, 32, 
 Sackville-street, Piccadilly. 
 
 HOME FOR CONFIRMED FEMALE INVALIDS, 
 
 Birdcage-fields, Stamford-hill. Established 1842. Office, 
 64, Old Broad-street. Somewhat similar in objects to the 
 last — an asylum for invalids whose friends are in some de- 
 gree able to assist them, but not to afford all the neces- 
 sary comforts to protracted indisposition. This institution 
 is supported by monthly payments of 6s., 7s., or 8s. per week 
 from the patients, according to their degree of illness, and 
 by subscriptions from the benevolent. Each applicant must 
 obtain a recommendation from a subscriber, bearing testi- 
 mony to her good character, and an undertaking from a 
 
 ^ The report of this institution cites an instance of a lady bequeathing 
 j£20,000 for establishing a convalescent institution on a commensurate 
 scale ; but by an infonnality in the will, the same could not be carried 
 out. 
 
 4 
 
50 
 
 INVALID LADIES. 3HEhitKl CjlSlitrfS for ESTAB. A.D. 1850 
 
 housekeeper that her payments shall be regular, and en- 
 gaging her removal in 48 hours, if required, or in case of 
 death. The inmates are encouraged to attend public wor- 
 ship when their health will permit, and expected to assemble 
 for family devotion when able. Under the management of 
 a Committee of Ladies. 
 
 Donors of ^10, or subscribers of ^1, entitled to recom- 
 mend cases. Communications may be made either to the 
 treasurer, Mrs. James Foster, Stamford-hill, or to the matron, 
 Mrs. JefFeries, at the institution. Contributions received by 
 Messrs. Seeley, Fleet-street ; and Messrs. Foster and Braith- 
 waite, 64, Old Broad-street. 
 
 ESTABLISHMENT FOR GENTLEWOMEN DUR- 
 ING ILLNESS, 76, Harley-street. Forming 1850. This 
 institution is intended for gentlewomen of moderate or re- 
 duced means ; their privations during illness often equal, if 
 not exceed, the suffering of the actual poor, whose claims 
 upon the public are more patent, and their wants more pro- 
 vided for : prevented by their position from entering the hos- 
 pitals, deterred by delicacy and the feeling of independence 
 from obtruding their distress when overtaken by illness, those 
 who have been brought up from infancy amid the comforts 
 of life too often pass from temporary illness into premature 
 and hopeless decay, for the want of that relief which this 
 establishment proposes to afford. 
 
 This object, therefore, it is greatly to be hoped, will be 
 carried into operation early during the present year. The 
 amount received, as yet, only reaches, we are informed, 
 somewhat about .£2,000 ; but as this has been mostly the 
 
 Note. — THE .Sf^iV^rOiJ/C/Jf was an establishment somewhat simi- 
 lar to this in design ; it opened in 1842, in the New-road, and appeared 
 to ws at the time as a specially interesting institution, and calculated to 
 be of great service to the particular class comprehended in its objects, as 
 governesses, clerks, and other persons of respectable station, who might 
 be taken ill, without friends, in London ; as there, by small weekly pay- 
 ments, the first medical advice and treatment might be obtained. An- 
 nounced as it was, under the patronage of the Prince Consort, and full of 
 promise as its early operations appeared to be, it must be regretted that 
 our inquiries have failed to trace it ; and can only conclude it was one of 
 the numerous projects deficient in the energy and perseverance required 
 by every charity to stand the trying test of early struggles. The plan, 
 however, was decidedly an excellent one. 
 
51 
 
 LUNATICS AND §)^tmi f lirp5?5. 
 
 result of private solicitation, there appears every probability 
 of ultimate success. The vicinity of Cavendish-square is 
 contemplated ; but an asylum, out of London, somewhat of 
 a similar character to the foregoing, would appear the most 
 desirable, as country air would enhance its benefit, whilst the 
 choice of a locality of easy railway access would equally serve 
 for prompt medical attendance : the scale of comfort afforded, 
 and extent to which it may be rendered available, must 
 wholly depend on the activity of its committee, as then this 
 much needed charity will be one the public will support. 
 
 President, Earl of Carlisle. — Vice-President, Hon. E. Spring 
 Rice. — Treasurer, E. Majoribanks, jun., Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. 
 Coutts & Co. — Hon. Sec, Wm. Dansey, Esq., 77, Harley-street. 
 
 The Public Hospitals for Lunatics^ and Idiots, must come 
 under the head of charities for medical relief, although, 
 correctly speaking, they partake more of the character of 
 asylums and homes, inasmuch as the treatment required 
 and afforded to those so afflicted, is care and attention 
 rather than medical skill. 
 
 The four institutions for this purpose deserve the especial 
 regard of the benevolent and philanthropic, embracing as 
 they do an efficient provision for protection and relief to 
 perhaps the most afflicted of our fellow creatures. The last 
 mentioned appears a particularly valuable one, or rather pro- 
 mises to be so : it fills a space long felt in the charitable 
 resources of our city, and, moreover, is the only one of the 
 four that depends on voluntary assistance. 
 
 By comparison of the returns made by the Metropolitan 
 Lunatic Commissioners with the information now before us, 
 there appears to be within their limits about 3,350 lunatics 2 
 
 1 Lunatics. — Statutes regarding the care and property of lunatics were 
 passed 17 Edward II, 1323, etseq.; statutes of George II, 1731 and 1741, 
 by the latter of which the marriages of lunatics were declared void; 
 statutes, George III, 1770-1773, et seq. Statutes regarding treatment : 
 9 and 10 George IV, July 1828, and May 1839 ; Richmond Lunatic 
 Asylum Act, 1 William IV, 18^1.— Haydn. 
 
 ^ The total number of lunatics and idiots in England is as follows : — 
 lunatics, 6,806 ; idiots, 5741 ; taken together, allowing for defective re- 
 turns, about 14,000 — or an average of one to every thousand : in Wales, 
 about 1 ,000, or one in eight hundred ; in Scotland, 3,65!i, or about one 
 in seven hundred : in Ireland the number exceeds 8,000, as shown by re- 
 turns, but as yet these are not completed. Within twenty years insanity 
 has more tlian tripled. — Sir Andrew Halliday. 
 
52 
 
 BETHLEHEM MtlM CljantlBg far H03P. A.D. 1546 
 
 and idiots under confinement, one half of whom are the in- 
 mates of some thirty or forty licensed private asylums, 400 
 at Bethlehem, 200 at St. Luke's, about 1,000 at Hanwell, 
 and, as has been already stated, 25 in the wards of Guy's 
 Hospital. 
 
 BETHLEHEM HOSPITAL, Lambeth. Founded 1546.1 
 All poor lunatics who are not disqualified by the following 
 regulations may be admitted throughout the year, and will 
 be provided with everything necessary for their complete 
 recovery, provided the same can be effected within twelve 
 months from the time of their admission : — Those lunatics 
 are inadmissible, who are possessed of property sufficient for 
 their decent support in a private asylum, or who have been 
 insane for more than twelve months: discharged uncured 
 from any other hospital for the reception of lunatics : female 
 lunatics who are with child : lunatics who are in a state of 
 idiotcy, or afflicted with any disease threatening death, or in 
 a state requiring the attendance of a nurse : so lame as to re- 
 quire a stick: blind: or who are enfeebled by age. — The admis- 
 sion of patients is effected by petition to the governors, from 
 a near relation or friend, accompanied by a certificate of the 
 minister and parish officers of the district where the lunatic 
 may reside, forms of which may be obtained at the hospital.^ 
 
 ^ Founded originally as a convent, in 1247, by Simon Fitzmary; in 
 1330 this establishment had acquired the designation of a hospital ; 1403 
 is the earliest record, however, of lunatics being confined therein. In 
 1546 it was purchased by the City corporation, and founded under its 
 present arrangements, which were confirmed by Act of Parliament, 1782. 
 The present building was opened in 1815, after designs by Lewis; its 
 total cost was ^£122,500. 'ITie wings are appropriated to criminal luna- 
 tics, whose support is paid for by Government, and a grant of ^625,144 
 was voted towards the building in 1820. 
 
 ^ An author, recently visiting the hospital, writes : " The way in which 
 the comfort of the patients is studied by every person connected with the 
 hospital, cannot be too highly commended. The women have pianos, 
 and the men bagatelle-tables, &c. There art, indeed, few things to re- 
 mind you that you are in a mad-house, beyond the bone-knives in use, 
 and a few cells lined and floored with cork and India-rubber." The im- 
 provement in the system pursued at Bethlem, commenced 1816. Admis- 
 sion days, to view the hospital, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and 
 Fridays, by a Governor's order. Until the end of last century, Bethlem 
 formed a public exhibition, and a common promenade, like the middle 
 aisle of old Saint Paul's. 
 
63 
 
 ST. LCKE's LUNATIC .^pttiKl J^lir^IIlSrS. HOSPITAL, A.D. 1751 
 
 The committee meet every Friday, to take in and dis- 
 charge patients from all parts of the United Kingdom, 
 without expense to their friends. The number of patients 
 admitted during a year generally averages 330, and the 
 number of inmates at one time 400 ; of these one half are now 
 reported as " curable" ; 76 " incurable", and the remainder 
 are criminals confined during Her Majesty's pleasure. The 
 number of patients discharged "cured" in the past year 
 was 167 ; and "incurable", 125. The annual income is at 
 present between ^15,000 and X16,000, two-thirds of which 
 arises from rents, the other third from dividends ; applicable 
 to general objects, with the exception of the bequests under 
 the will of Mr. Barkham (1733), devoted exclusively to the 
 maintenance and care of " incurable" patients.^ This is one 
 of the five royal hospitals ; is united to that of Bridewell, 
 and conducted by the same Governors. 
 
 President, Sir Peter Laurie. — Treasurer, John E. Johnson, 
 Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. J. Garrett, B.D. — Physicians: E. T. Monro, 
 M.D., and Sir Alexander Morison, M.D. — Surgeon, W. Law- 
 rence, Esq. — Clerk, B. Welton, Esq. — Apothecary and Superin- 
 tendent, William Wood, Esq. — Steward, Mr. N. Nicholls. — 
 Matron, Mrs. H. Hunter. 
 
 ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL FOR LUNATICS, Old- 
 street. Instituted 1751.2 No person is knowingly received 
 as a patient into this Hospital, who is in possession of means 
 for decent support in a private asylum ; or who has been a 
 lunatic more than twelve calendar months ; or discharged 
 uncured from any other hospital for the reception of lunatics ; 
 troubled with epileptic or convulsive fits ; paralytic ; or 
 otherwise disqualified, as described in the above stipulations 
 for inmates to Bethlehem. 
 
 When the certificates have been signed and attested, the 
 petition must be recommended by a Governor, and, with the 
 certificates, left with the secretary, at the Hospital. The 
 Committee meet every Friday morning at 11 o'clock. The 
 qualifications for a Governor axe the payment of 30 gui- 
 
 1 In 436 Unions of England and Wales, the number of pauper luna- 
 tics deemed incurable is stated at 3,841 ; of pauper idiots, 5,259 — of -n-hom 
 2,602 have been so from birth. — Haydn. 
 
 ^ Founded at a time when Old Bethlehem Hospital was crowded and 
 required extension, for the reception of such as were unable to obtain 
 admission there. 
 
54 
 
 HANWELL LUNATIC Hftol CjlflritiM flU ASYLUM, A.D. 1831 
 
 neas, or 7 guineas annually for five years. The annual in- 
 come averages from ^8,000 to £9,000, derivable from pre- 
 sent donations and bequests, together with dividends from 
 past amounts invested in the funds, amounting to nearly 
 j£l 70,000. Pauper lunatics are received on payment of £4 
 with each, and incurable patients re-admitted under certain 
 conditions, and payment of 7s. per week. There is accom- 
 modation for as many as 260 inmates. The number is gene- 
 rally above 200 ; of whom, at the present time, 101 are 
 incurable lunatics. 
 
 President, the Duke of Cambridge. — Treasurer, Henry Francis 
 ShawLefevre, Esq. — Consulting Physician, Alexander R. Suther- 
 land, Esq., M.D. — Physicians: Alexander John Sutherland, M.D.; 
 Francis Richard Phelp, Esq., M.D. — Surgeon, James Luke, Esq. — 
 Resident Medical Superintendent, Joseph Nash, Esq. — Chaplain, 
 Rev. R. L. Hill, M.A. — Secretary, George Mence, Esq., 5, BiUiter- 
 atreet. City. — Steward and Matron, Mr. and Mrs. Walker. 
 
 LUNATIC ASYLUM FOR THE COUNTY OF 
 Middlesex, Hanwell.^ Established 1831. This asylum was 
 erected, and is maintained, under the provisions of the 
 statute of 9 George IV, cap. 40, from funds provided by the 
 magistrates out of the county rate, and a weekly charge 
 upon several parishes for the maintenance of their respect- 
 ive inmates. The building was commenced in 1828 ; and 
 by the sums expended up to 1831, amounting to £124,440, 
 accommodation was obtained for 600 patients. By the sums 
 since expended, amounting to upwards of .£42,000, addi- 
 tional room has been provided for 384 more patients, so that 
 the number of beds may now (1850) be reckoned, in the 
 women's ward 570, and in the men's ward 424 ; the weekly 
 cost of maintenance for each patient was, last year, 8s. 9d. 
 Too much praise cannot be given to the officers and visiting 
 justices for the humane and enlightened system of manage- 
 ment pursued in this establishment. Mechanical restraints 
 are entirely abandoned, and watchfulness, kindness, and 
 forbearance substituted. The happy effects may be daily 
 witnessed by a visit to the asylum, where may be seen 
 
 ^ About nine miles from London, on the left of the Great Western 
 Railway. It fonns a most attractive object to the traveller, and a com- 
 plete view of it is afforded. The building itself occupies nearly four acres 
 of ground; the airing grounds and courts, nineteen acres; and the farm, 
 orchard, garden, and shrubbery, fifty-three acres. 
 
55 
 
 HANWELL LUNATIC |)|irriill ^^IlfpSrS. ASYLUM, A.D. 1831 
 
 nearly 1,000 lunatics, either occupied in household or agri- 
 cultural pursuits, or peacefully amusing themselves in the 
 delightful grounds of the asylum. The care and manage- 
 ment of this noble institution is entrusted by Act of Par- 
 liament to fifteen magistrates, appointed annually at the 
 January Sessions, termed the Visiting Justices of the 
 County Lunatic Asylum at Hanwell. Some idea of the 
 extent^ of the establishment may be inferred from the re- 
 quisite staff and number of attendants ; there are 104 ser- 
 vants and 20 officers, whose aggregate wages and salaries 
 amount to ^5,192 annually. The principal officers are — 
 
 Resident Physician, Dr. J. ConoUy.— House Surgeons : (Male 
 side) Dr. Begley; (Female side) Dr. Hitehman. — Matron, Mrs. 
 Macfie." — Clerk of the Asylum, Mr. J. Morrison. — Clerk to the 
 Visitors, Mr Charles Wright. — Storekeeper, Mr. Edward Clift. 
 
 For the relief of the destitute insane, on their discharge 
 from the asylum, is the Queen Adelaide Fund. 
 
 The benevolent minds which planned and primarily su- 
 perintended the management of the Hanwell Asylum soon 
 found their work to be incomplete. It is true that the pa- 
 tients in this establishment are paupers ; but it is also true, 
 that in a vast number of cases their pauperism has been the 
 sad consequence of their malady ; that the first symptoms 
 of returning reason have been accompanied by the first 
 knowledge of their destitute state, and its full restoration 
 by their first entrance into the parish workhouse. It was 
 considered absolutely necessary to establish a permanent 
 fund (similar to the Samaritan funds attached to other hos- 
 pitals) for the relief of patients of this class when discharged 
 from the asylum. The respected chairman of the visiting 
 justices (the late Colonel Clitherow, whose delight was in 
 the exercise of benevolence and the promotion of the best 
 interests of humanity), availing himself of an opportunity 
 of communicating with Queen Adelaide in the year 1834, 
 obtained Her Majesty's most gracious consent to be the 
 patron of the charity, and authorized him to style it the 
 
 ^ A second Asylum is now in course of building, and near completion, 
 for the pauper lunatics of Middlesex, at Colney Hatch, by which means 
 a classification of the inmates, long in anticipation, is hoped to be carried 
 out, to a very desirable extent and successful issue, and the county re- 
 lieved the increased amount hitherto paid for the thousand lunatics and 
 idiots in private asylums. 
 
56 
 
 ASYLUM FOR Brbltal CjiaritlM for idiots, A.D. 1847 
 
 Queen Adelaide Fund. Since the death of Colonel Clithe- 
 row the funds have been greatly augmented by the exertions 
 of the treasurer, Mr. Serjeant Adams, Henry Pownall, Esq., 
 and other magistrates. By the last published account, it 
 appears there were ^5,300, Three per Cent. Consols, stand- 
 ing in the names of Henry Pownall, Esq. ; E. Halswell, 
 Esq. ; J. Adams, Serjeant-at-law ; W. B. France, Esq. ; and 
 John Wilks, Esq. : since this was published the fund has 
 been augmented by a munificent bequest from the late Miss 
 Phillipps, of Great Russell-street, of ,£2,136 5s. 2d., Three 
 per Cent. Annuities, and ,£5,644 17s. 2d., Three per Cent. 
 Consols, which sums have been transferred into the account 
 of the trustees by the Accountant-General of the Court of 
 Chancery. 
 
 ASYLUM FOR IDIOTS, Office, 29, Poultry. Insti- 
 tuted 1847. For the maintenance, education, and general 
 treatment of idiots, either upon payment of a moderate 
 amount, or upon election by the subscribers at the half-yearly 
 ballots. Candidates for election must neither be pauper, 
 nor payment cases. 
 
 Age unlimited ; but childhood and infancy considered 
 most favourable for treatment, and the usual limit for con- 
 tinuance is five years. 
 
 TTie Asylum, Park House, Highgate, is well adapted for 
 its purpose, and most healthily situated : the present number 
 of its inmates is 60 ; its first report (an admirable exposition, 
 both of object and operations) presents a gratifying detail of 
 the progress already made ; and it may be safely asserted 
 from what is there furnished, that seldom has an infant cha- 
 rity achieved more, a committee undertaken greater responsi- 
 bilities, or the public sympathy and support been more cor- 
 dially afforded. The benefits of the charity,without doubt, will 
 extend far beyond the sphere of its own exertions ; and, as 
 a model institution, it will exercise immense influence in 
 favour of the hitherto too often scorned idiot. We cannot 
 do better than recommend a perusal of the report referred 
 to. The motto the institution has adopted is sufficient to 
 
 ' It may not be amiss to recount here the particulars of the following 
 society, which, except as a note, would be out of place, and elsewhere 
 would be less applicable. 
 
 THE ALLEGED LUNATICS FRIEND SOCIETY, 44, Cra- 
 ven-street, Strand. Established 1815. Formed for the protection of 
 
57 
 
 Ijttrial ^nrpSM. nurses and sisters. 
 
 claim coDsideration for it — " We plead for those who cannot 
 plead for themselves." 
 
 The exact extent of public support or general idea of 
 annual expense cannot be given, no cash statement being 
 yet published. 10s. 6d. annual, or 5 guineas donation, con- 
 stitutes a Governor, who is entitled to one vote at all elec- 
 tions. 
 
 Presidents : Lord Palmerston, and others. — Treasurer, Martin 
 Tucker Smith, Esq., M.P. — Secretaries: James HoUoway, D.D.; 
 Andrew Reed, D.D. — ^Physicians: John ConoUy, M.D.; WiUiam 
 Little, M.D. — burgeon, Thomas Callaway, Esq.— Surgeon-Dentist, 
 Edwin Saunders, Esq. — Resident Physician and Superintendent, 
 R. C. Foreman, M.D. — Bankers, Smith, Payne, and Smiths. — 
 Sub-Secretary, Mr. William Nicholas, Office, 29, Poidtry. 
 
 Sisters and Curses for medical hospitals. The two fol- 
 lowing institutions are for a purpose so intimately con- 
 nected with an important feature in hospital arrangements 
 — that of efficient attendance and careful nursing — that we 
 are induced to include them in the present chapter. 
 
 Judging by our larger hospitals, the plan pursued is, that 
 each ward is presided over by a " Sister". In St. Bartho- 
 lomew's there are 29 such, and one for the superintendence 
 of the casualty patients. They are selected generally from 
 amongst the most active of the nurses, preference being 
 given to such as have received some education, and are of 
 superior character. Their remuneration appears to vary 
 from 14s. to 20s., or, in some few cases, SOs.a-week ; and 
 their duties comprehend the carrying into effect the medi- 
 cal instructions, administering the medicines, reporting 
 change of symptoms in patients, ordering their diet, and 
 general superintendence of the ward. Each "sister" has 
 
 the British subject from unjust confinement, on the grounds of mental 
 derangement, and for the redress of persons so confined ; also for the pro- 
 tection of all persons confined as lunatic patients from cruel and improper 
 treatment. The society receives applications from persons complaining 
 of being unjustly treated, or from their friends, aids them in obtaining 
 legal advice, and otherwise assists and affords them all proper protection. 
 Attendance at the ofSce daily, from ten till four. Five guineas at one 
 payment, constitutes a Governor for life ; and ten shillings annually, a 
 yearly Governor. 
 
 Honorary Secretary, John T. Perceval. — Honorary Solicitor, G. 
 Bolden. — Assistant Secretary, W. Bailey. 
 
58 
 
 TEAINING INSTS- 3JlBtosl CljiiritirS for for nurses, 1840 
 
 either two or three nurses under her, according to the size 
 of the ward. In St. Bartholomew's there are 76 nurses in 
 all ; their duties comprise the usual matters of general 
 service in attending on the patients, and their pay averages 
 6s. or 7s. per week, with part maintenance. 
 
 This brief sketch will sufficiently preface the class of 
 persons for whom the following institutions are designed 
 to supply training : — 
 
 THE INSTITUTION OF NURSING SISTERS, 
 16, Broad-street-buildings, Bishopsgate. Established 1840. 
 Applications will be received from widows or unmarried 
 persons, from the age of 28 to 40, whose character will bear 
 the strictest investigation, and who are willing to devote 
 themselves to nursing the sick, or those suffering under 
 mental affliction ; and it is the object of this institution to 
 train such persons for a certain time in one of the hospitals, 
 and otherwise so qualify them for their vocation, as to re- 
 commend them when wanted either by those who can pay 
 for their services, or others to whom their assistance must 
 be afforded as charity. After thorough training, the nurses 
 are admitted as sisters, at an annual stipend of £20 ; after 
 three years raised to ^23 ; they are maintained at the 
 home during the intervals of their engagements, and em- 
 ploy their time in visiting the poor of its vicinity. 
 
 About 28 nurses are employed ; and during the past three 
 years 366 cases of sickness have been attended ; 30 gra- 
 tuitously, 90 partly so, and the remainder benefiting the 
 institution. 
 
 President, Lady Inglis. — ^Treasurer, Mrs. Samuel Gumey, jun. 
 — 'Honorary Secretary, Miss Wilson. — Secretary, Miss Gumey. 
 
 TRAINING INSTITUTION FOR NURSES for 
 Hospitals, Families, and the Poor, St. John's House, 34, 
 Fitzroy-square. Under this title, and for these objects, 
 the foundation for an institution was laid at a public meet- 
 ing on the 1st of July, 1848, presided over by the Duke of 
 Cambridge, and advocated by the Bishops of London, Salis- 
 bury, Lichfield, (fee. Since then, the " Council," comprising 
 the Bishop of Lichfield, two noble earls, and twenty other 
 gentlemen, have issued their prospectus, which assumes for 
 the proposed establishment somewhat of a character akin to 
 
59 
 
 TRAINING INSTS- ^^ppriul |,)lirp!5JS. FOR NURSES, 1848 
 
 the monasteries of olden time, as in addition to the object of 
 providing good nurses, improving their qualifications, and 
 systematically training them, professionally and religiously, 
 for their future sphere of action, we have the following, to 
 which we merely premise, that after details provide that^ 
 the "engagement" of the "sisters" shall upon their part be 
 for two years only, but renewable from time to time. 
 
 " With a view to the better securing of these results, it 
 has been thought advisable to oiFer in this institution a 
 legitimate field of labour for ladies, who, being sufficiently 
 disengaged from more urgent claims of natural and social 
 duty, and desirous of finding the most satisfactory employ- 
 ment for the time and talents which God has given them, 
 may, without regard to worldly motives, be inclined to de- 
 vote themselves to a work of Christian love, such as this is, 
 and capable, as it is, of being combined with other suitable 
 and congenial exercises of piety and charity. 
 
 " It is believed that there will not be found wanting in 
 our church, devout women, of high and holy aspirations, 
 ready to embrace and hold fast an opportunity like this, 
 of imitating the example of their divine Lord and Master, 
 by endeavouring to do the work of Him who first loved us, 
 and from whom, and through whom, and by whom, are all 
 things." 
 
 There can be no doubt the institution will be conducted 
 upon really Christian and Church principles, so long as Dr. 
 Bloomfield remains bishop of our diocese, or president of the 
 institution ; but who can tell the germ of future evil herein 
 contained, if this scheme obtains as its promoters and direc- 
 tors those who may be desirous of engrafting upon it por- 
 tions of an exploded and signally erroneous system ? The 
 objects comprehended in the title are unexceptionable 
 enough ; and the only regret is, their appearing to be subor- 
 dinate to what is not expressed. 
 
 The establishment is now, we are informed, " suitably 
 fitted and furnished, and the following members have been 
 admitted : — One lady superintendent, three sisters, two pro- 
 bationers, seven nurses, also a master (a clergyman)," and 
 its designation is " St. John's House." It is contemplated 
 by the council that the whole annual amount of contribu- 
 tions required from the benevolent is ^400, as each sister is 
 required to pay ^50 per annum for her own maintenance. 
 
TRAINING INSTS- 3Hrtoal €|jaritit3. FOR NURSES, 1848 
 
 The " probationers" are the nurses on trial and in training, 
 and it is for these principally that contributions are solicited. 
 One guinea annual, or 5 guineas at one time, constitutes 
 the privilege of recommending candidates for such position ; 
 ^ 3 guineas annual, or 30 guineas at one time, constitutes a 
 governor ; entitled to nominate one probationer. 
 
 Master, Rev. F. W. Twist, M.A. 
 
61 
 
 QEJ^ERAL MMui Ctjaritigg. dispensaries. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 CHARITIES FOR AFFORDING MEDICAL 
 TREATMENT AND RELIEF (continued). 
 
 Dispensaries for general purposes : — General remarks. — Central 
 districts. — Northern districts. — Southern districts, — Eastern districts. 
 — Western districts. — Homoeopathic. 
 
 The establishment of Dispensaries for the medical relief of 
 the poor, either on application or at their own homes, is 
 peculiarly adapted to our crowded localities ; and their ope- 
 rations, both by their extent and efficiency, effect a large 
 amount of benefit, and prove a valuable auxiliary to the 
 means of the General Hospitals. 
 
 The first established in London appears to have been that 
 now known as the " Royal Dispensary," in Aldersgate-street, 
 1770, so that the system is but a recent one. That it works 
 weU, and is greatly on the increase, may fairly be inferred 
 from the following summary ; and, beyond the extract given 
 below from Bishop Butler ,i and the strong evidence in favour 
 of their continued extension adduced by the Report of" the 
 Sanitary Commission, little can remain to preface the ac- 
 count of those now existing in our metropolis. 
 
 ^ " Medicine, and every other relief, under the calamity of bodily dis- 
 eases, no less than the daily necessaries of life, are natural provisions 
 which God has made for our present indigent state, and which He has 
 granted in common to the children of men, whether they be rich or poor : 
 to the rich, by inheritance or acquisition ; and by their hands, to the dis- 
 abled poor. Nor can there be any doubt that Public Dispensaries are 
 the most effectual means of administering such relief." — Bishop Butler. 
 
 " In addition to our former recommendations we recommend that pre- 
 
62 
 
 MARTLEBONE GENERAL 3HBWrfll DISPENSARY, A.D. l786 
 
 In taking a comparative view of the number of patients 
 treated by Dispensaries as a whole, it must not be lost sight 
 of, that, although they bear so slight a proportion to what 
 is effected by the larger Hospitals, yet the peculiarity of 
 operations, and the economy of their cost, enhance their 
 benefits — being spread over the whole of London, and 
 offering relief to the sick poor, as it were, at their own doors, 
 in however remote localities they may reside. 
 
 The number supported in London at the end of 1849, in 
 any way partaking of a public character, may thus be briefly 
 summed up : — 8 central, 4 northern, 3 southern, 12 eastern, 
 8 western. — 35. 
 
 13 founded from 1770 to 1799 ; 6 from 1800 to 1829 ; 
 and 16 from 1830 to 1850.— 35. 
 
 Total General Dispensaries in London . 35 
 
 Affording medical aid throughout London 
 
 annually to as many patients as . 140,869 
 
 The annual incomes amount ^ to . . £14,424 
 
 Of which amount voluntary contributions 
 
 comprise ..... 11,470 
 
 The remainder arises from dividends, etc. (in 
 
 a few cases by members' payments). 
 The number of Homoeopathic Dispensaries 
 
 not included in the above is . . 4 
 
 ST. MARY-LE-BONE GENERAL DISPENSARY, 
 11, Welbeck-street. Instituted 1785. Open daily at half- 
 past eleven o'clock, for patients bringing recommendations, 
 irrespective of district of residence. 2142 cases were treated 
 last year, of whom 163 were midwifery patients. 
 
 One guinea annual, or 10 guineas at one time, constitutes 
 a Governor, entitled to have one medical or surgical patient 
 constantly on the books, and one midwifery patient annually. 
 
 paration be made for what appears to us to be one of the most important 
 measures of alleviation, — the establishmeut of local dispensaries, where 
 persons afl'ected with the first stage of the disease, as manifested by the 
 premonitory symptoms, may be immediately placed under the proper 
 treatment for arresting the further progress of the malady." — Second 
 Report of the Metropolitan Sanitary Commissioners. 
 
 ^ To be exact, it is as well to state, that in 3 or 4 instances, the requi- 
 site information having been withheld, the average has been necessarily 
 taken, based upon contingent circumstances. With this reservation, the 
 above summary is compiled from positive data. 
 
63 
 
 PROVIDENT, A.l). 1834. SiS^nSHriBS. BLOOMSBUBY, A.D. 1801 
 
 The cash statement shows an excess of expenditure over 
 receipts. The latter amounts to above £500 per annum 
 however, and arises, all but £50, from subscriptions and 
 donations. 
 
 President, the Duke of Portland. — Treasurers: E. S. Bailey, 
 Esq.; George Pitt, Esq. — Physicians: C. J. Hare, M.D.; William 
 Francis Chorley, M.D. — Physician-Accoucheur, Henry Davies, 
 M.D. — Surgeons: C. Beevor, Esq.; H. B. Norman, Esq. — Apothe- 
 cary, Mr. Bertie Pardoe Matthews. — Cupper, Mr. Betts. — Secre- 
 tary, Mr. Matthews, 15, High-street, St. Marylebone. — Collector, 
 Mr. W. Price, 6, AUsop-place, Upper Baker-street. 
 
 ST. MA R Y-LE-BONEPRO VIDENT DISPENSA R Y, 
 6, Charlotte-street, Portland-place. Established 1834. Dif- 
 fers from the ordinary dispensaries in this respect, that its 
 intention is to enable individuals of small income, by their 
 own payments, to ensure efficient medical advice and medi- 
 cines during illness. Every member above fourteen years 
 of age paying one penny, and under that age one half-penny 
 a-week, except in a family with more than two children, 
 when one penny a-week is considered sufficient for all 
 under fourteen years of age ; female servants paying five 
 shillings a-year, and male servants seven shillings, in not 
 less than half-yearly payments, are entitled to its benefits. 
 Persons wishing to become members must apply to the 
 Secretary, who wiU enter the name, age, residence, and occu- 
 pation ; the application will then be taken into consideration 
 by the house- visitor, and if found eligible, the applicant will 
 be admitted, and receive a ticket on paying one month's 
 subscription. The last report states that " the members have 
 increased, during the last year, from 632 to 792, and that 
 there has been a total number of patients under treatment 
 of 2,407." The amount of members' payments was £\ 14, 
 and the amount of voluntary contributions i/'91. 
 
 Donors of 10 guineas at one time, or annual subscribers 
 of 1 guinea, are Governors, and may recommend two patients 
 in the course of the year, who are unable to contribute 
 themselves. 
 
 President, Bishop of London. — Treasurer, Douglass Finney, 
 Esq. — Honorary Secretary, J. Roberts, Esq., 23, Edward-street, 
 Langham-place. — Bankers, Sir Samuel Scott, Bart., and Co. — 
 Consulting Physician, Dr. George Burrows. — Consulting Surgeons: 
 Alexander Shaw, Esq. ; Frederick C. Skey, Esq. — Consulting 
 Accoucheur, Joseph Chohnondeley, Esq. — Medical Officers in 
 
64 
 
 BLOOMSBURT, A.D. 1801 3HjilitHl ST. GEORGe's, A.D. 1817 
 
 Ordinary: Alfred Elkins, Esq.; John Gay leard, Esq. — Dispenser, 
 Mr. J. McKechnie. — Collector, Mr. H. R. Arthur, 16, Notting- 
 ham-street. 
 
 BLOOMSBURT DISPENSARY, 62, Great RusseU- 
 street. Instituted 1801. Open for the relief of patients, 
 every day, Sundays excepted, at twelve o'clock. In cases of 
 emergency, persons are permitted to apply for relief without 
 a letter of recommendation ; but they are required to bring 
 one upon their second attendance. For each guinea annu- 
 ally, the subscriber is entitled to have one patient constantly 
 on the books. During the past year, 3,408 patients were at- 
 tended to, and variously relieved, 593 of whom remain under 
 treatment. The funds are half dependant on voluntary aid. 
 The annual expenditure, from the last statement, appears 
 to be ^700, and the cash funded, J7100. 
 
 President, the Duke of Bedford. — Treasurers: Andrew Spot- 
 tiswoode, Esq. ; E. Hawkins, Esq. — Physician, Dr. Rowland. — 
 Surgeon, G. L. Cooper, Esq. — Resident Medical Officer, Mr. W. 
 W. Lloyd. — Secretary, Mr. George Stone. — Collector, Mr. Bloxam. 
 
 ST. GEORGE'S AND ST. JAMES'S GENERAL 
 DISPENSARY, 60, King-street. Established 1817. Con- 
 sists of two branches, the second being lately opened for the 
 northern districts, at 3, Chapel-place-north, South Audley- 
 street. During the past year, 3,598 patients were cured or 
 relieved, besides 211 midwifery cases, and 26 under attend- 
 ance. The expenditure is from £600 to £700 per annum ; 
 but, judging from last year's statement, is not covered by 
 the receipts, which wholly depend on voluntary contributions. 
 
 Subscribers of 1 guinea annually, or 10 guineas at one 
 payment, are entitled to recommend one lying-in woman in 
 the year, and one other patient at a time. 
 
 A Samaritan Fund is attached to the Dispensary, for the 
 purpose of supplying "ventilators" to the poor ; also flannel, 
 soup, milk, etc., to those in distress. 
 
 President, Duke of Norfolk. — Treasurers: George Gregory, 
 M.D. ; William Yool, Esq. — Consulting Physician: John Web- 
 ster, M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, John Bacot, Esq. — Physicians : 
 Frederick Weber, M.D. ; Richard Quain, M.D. —Physician-Ac- 
 coucheurs: Sir James Eyre, M.D. : C. Blakely Brown, M.D. — 
 Surgeons: Joseph Toynbee, Esq.,. Hon. Sec. to the Samaritan 
 Fund ; George Augustus Davis, Esq. — Honorary Cupper, John 
 Watkins, Esq. — Honorary Dentist, Thomas Underwood, Esq. — 
 
65 ___^ 
 
 BLENHEIM-ST.A.D.1834 DiSpJUHflrffS. BISHOP's-CT- A.D. 1782 
 
 Resident Medical Officer, Mr. Edward Henry Malton. — Secretary, 
 Mr. J. H. York ; and Collector, Mr. J. York, 16, Marshall-street, 
 Golden-square. 
 
 BLENHEIM STREET FREE DISPENSAR Y AND 
 INFIRMARY, 1, Blenheim-street, Oxford-street, near the 
 Pantheon. Established 1834. All applicants, without the 
 necessity of obtaining letters of admission, are here attended 
 to, and efficient relief granted. During the last fifteen 
 months, upwards of 6,000 patients have been relieved -, but 
 the funds of the institution are represented as no longer 
 able to maintain so extensive a sphere of usefulness, unless 
 increased. 
 
 Physicians : Dr. Burslem ; Dr. Markham ; Dr. Downing. — 
 Consulting Surgeon, J. G. Guthrie, Esq. — Surgeons : H. J. San- 
 derson, T. M. Girdlestone, J. B. Carlill, Esqrs. — Physician-Ac- 
 coucheur, Dr. Charles James Cox. — Surgeon-Accoucheur, G. F. 
 Whidbome, Esq. — Surgeon Dentist, J. Drew, Esq. — Cuppers, 
 Messrs. Betts and Son. — Treasurer, Sir Walter Farquhar, Bart. — 
 Bankers, Messrs. Herries, Farquhar, and Co. — Sub-Treasurer, 
 H. J. Sanderson, Esq.— Honorary Secretary, N. Bennett, Esq., 
 7, Fumival's-inn. 
 
 PUBLIC DISPENSARY for theRdiefof the Sick Poor, 
 Bishop's-court, Lincoln's-inn. Instituted 1782. Patients 
 from any quarter are received. Those residing in the adja- 
 cent parishes are attended at their own habitations when re- 
 quisite. Total number of patients admitted from 1782 is 
 210,255 ; of these, 42,250 were visited at their own homes. 
 The present annual number of patients is above 6,000, having 
 greatly increased the last few years ; and the funds of the 
 dispensary are represented as necessarily seriously affected. 
 6577 patients were relieved last year ; of whom, 1,184 were 
 visited at their own homes. 
 
 This is one of the oldest established dispensaries in Lon- 
 don, and, together with the next mentioned, forms a valua,- 
 ble adjunct to King's College Hospital. 
 
 One guinea annually, or 10 guineas at one payment, con- 
 stitutes a Governor, entitled to recommend fifteen patients 
 in each year. 
 
 President, the Duke of Cambridge. — Treasurer, Richard Twin- 
 ing, Esq. — Consulting Physicians : H. S. Roots, M.D. ; Thomas 
 Waterfield, M.D. — Physicians : George Johnson, M.D. ; Allen 
 Williams, M.D. — Surgeon, Arsten Holthouse, Esq. — Apothecary, 
 
 5 
 
66 
 
 METROl'OLITAN, A.D. 183'0 jHlilirEl ST. PANCKAS, A.D. 1837 
 
 Mr. W. Fullford. —Secretary, Mr. J. S. Phillips, 5, Bishop's- 
 court. — Collector, Mr. Paradice, 47, Princes-road, Kennington. 
 
 METROPOLITAN FREE HOSPITAL, 29, Carey- 
 street, Lincoln's-inn-fields ; and Branch Establishment, De- 
 vonshire-square, City. Instituted 1836. Althoiigh termed 
 an Hospital, is in effect and operations a Dispensary, for the 
 gratuitous relief of the sick poor, and is the second in extent 
 of operations in London. It affords medical and surgical 
 aid, with medicines, to every afflicted applicant, daily, with- 
 out any other recommendation than their own diseased and 
 destitute condition. 10,063 out-patients have been relieved 
 during the past year, making a total of 100,800 since the 
 opening of the hospital. The expenses are between £500 
 and £600 per annum, and barely defrayed by the receipts, 
 which consist entirely of voluntary contributions. 
 
 One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes 
 a Governor. 
 
 Patrons: The Prince Albert, and the Duke of Cambridge. — 
 Physicians : Frederic Bird, Esq., M.D. ; C. J. B. Aldis, Esq., 
 M.D. ; G. F. D. Evans, Esq., M.D.— Surgeons : E. J. Chance, 
 Esq.; J. U. Easson, Esq.; G. Brooke, Esq. — Dentist, S. Ghrimes, 
 Esq. — Cupper, J. Atkinson. — Dispenser, Mr. E. Johnson. — Col- 
 lector, Mr. G. StancliflF, 35, Havering-street, Commercial-road. — 
 Bankers, Messrs. Barnett, Hoare, and Co. — Treasurer, John 
 Gumey Hoare, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, E. J. Chance, Esq., 
 69, Old Broad-street, City. 
 
 8T. PANCRAS ROYAL GENERAL DISPENSARY, 
 26, Burton-crescent. Instituted 1837. A physician is in 
 attendance at twelve o'clock each day, except Wednesday 
 and Saturday, and on those days a surgeon. Patients are 
 likewise attended at their own homes. Emergent cases do 
 not require a recommendation the first time. The number 
 of patients under treatment during last year was 2336 ; of 
 whom, 1,779 were recovered, 185 relieved, and 232 continu- 
 ing in attendance. The necessary expenditure varies from 
 j£300 to £360 annually, and is generally covered by the re- 
 ceipts, which depend, however, all but £30, on voluntary 
 contributions. 
 
 One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes 
 a Governor, with one vote at all elections, and power to re- 
 commend ten sick cases and one midwifery annually. 
 
 President, the Duke of Cambridge. — Treasurer, R. S. Cox, 
 
67 
 
 NORTHERN, A.D. 1810 f)iS|IPII5ilriBS. CAMDEN TOWN, A.I).1848 
 
 Esq. — Honorary Secretary, T. E. Baker, Esq., 51, Burton-crescent. 
 Consulting Physicians: Henry Alfred Pitman, M.D. ; Charles 
 Collier, M.D.— Physicians : C. H. F. Routh, M.D. ; Tlobert Taylor, 
 Esq. — Consulting Physician- Accoucheur, Henry Davies, M.D. — 
 Surgeon-Accoucheur, Robert Greenhalgh, Esq. — Consulting Sur- 
 geon, Bransby B. Cooper, Esq. — Surgeon, H. Haynes Walton, 
 Esq. — Cuppers, Messrs. Ford and Jones. — Resident Medical 
 Officer, Mr. John R. Diamond. — Collector, Mr. John JefFery, 3, 
 Foundling-terrace . 
 
 NORTHERN DISPENSARY, 9, Somers-place West, 
 near St. Pancras Church. Instituted 1810. 1,269 patients 
 have been treated during the year, 1,132 of whom are re- 
 ported as cured, 56 relieved, and 26 died. The expenses 
 for last year were .£260, defrayed entirely by voluntary con- 
 tributions. Annual subscribers are entitled to the admis- 
 sion of one patient for every guinea subscribed. Mechanics 
 and workmen subscribing five shillings annually, are allowed 
 the benefits of the Dispensary for their families. 
 
 President, Marquis Camden. — Treasurer, John Salt, Esq. — 
 Hon. Secretary, John Casley, Esq., 31, Guilford-street. — Trustees : 
 WiUiam Horton Lloyd, James Bird, George Phillips Foster 
 Gregory, Esqrs. — Physicians : F. R. Manson, M.D.; E. Sieveking, 
 M.D. — Consulting Physician, Peter M. Roget, M.D. — Surgeons : 
 John Bishop, Esq. ; Frederick Davies, Esq. — Resident Medical 
 Officer, W. B. Dolton, Esq. — Cupper and Dentist, Mr. Hewett. — 
 Collector, Mr. R. Watkins, 19, Clarence-road, Kentish Town. 
 
 CAMDEN TOWN DISPENSARY for the Rdief of 
 the Sick Poor, 8, Pratt-street. Established 1848. Has only 
 lately opened. The necessary expenditure, it is anticipated, 
 will average from £150 to 200 per annum. 
 
 One guinea annual, or ten guineas at one time, entitles to 
 vote and six letters of recommendation for patients. 
 
 President, Rev. Thomas Dale, M.A. — Treasurer, William Col- 
 lisson, Esq. — Secretary, N. Bailey, Esq., 5, Camden-street. — 
 Consulting Physicians: Dr. AVilton ; Dr. Davis. — Consulting 
 Surgeon, William Ferguson, Esq. — Surgeon in Ordinary, George 
 Bermingham, Esq. — Collector, Mr. Taylor, 37, College-st. West. 
 
 ISLINGTON DISPENSARY, Upper-street. Insti- 
 tuted 1821. All persons paying one guinea or more annu- 
 ally, are Governors, with the right of having one patient 
 upon the books at a time, for each guinea subscribed. The 
 number of patients under treatment last year was 4,618, 
 and the number on the books at a time about 600 or 700. 
 
HOLLOWAT, A.D. 1840 BlBtoul ST. JOHN's WOOD,A.D. 1845 
 
 President, Rev. Daniel Wilson, A.M., Vicar. — Treasurer, 
 Richard Percival, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Bredy. — Apothecary, Mr. 
 John Bragge. 
 
 HOLLOWAT AND NORTH ISLINGTON Dis- 
 pensary and Convalescent Fund, Francis-place, HoUoway. 
 Established 1840. There are three dispensing houses — 
 viz., at Francis-place, Lower HoUoway ; Elizabeth-place, 
 Upper HoUoway ; and Park-place, Highbury Vale. Medical 
 relief is afforded to aU applicants, without regard to place 
 of abode, and medical attendance to such as reside within 
 the districts of the Chapel of Ease, St. James', St. John's, 
 and Highbury. 
 
 The Convalescent Fund is supported by a separate sub- 
 scription of 5s. and upwards, for the purpose of supplying 
 proper food and nourishment to those requiring it, accord- 
 ing to the opinion of the medical man attending, and of the 
 Committee disbursing the fund. 
 
 The number of patients cured or relieved during the 
 past year was 3,837, remaining under treatment, 424 ; total 
 number relieved since its establishment, 20,176. The annual 
 receipts, judging from the last cash statement, amount to 
 upwards of <£400, arising from voluntary contributions ; but 
 this is barely sufficient to meet the necessary expenses. 
 
 One guinea annual, or ten guineas donation, constitutes 
 a Governor. 
 
 President, Lieut. -Col. Thomas Wood. — Treasurer, Samuel 
 Lewes, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, George Jeffkins, Esq., 10, 
 Loraine-place ; and of the Convalescent Fund, Samuel Lewis, Jun., 
 Esq., 19, Compton-terrace. — Consulting Physicians : G. L. Roupell, 
 Esq., M.D.; Henry Jeaffreson, Esq., M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, 
 F. C. Skey, Esq. — Surgeons : T. W. Mann, Esq. ; C. Caswall, Esq. ; 
 Walter Gill, Esq. ; Thomas Graham, Esq. ; Edward Drewery, Esq. 
 — Dental Surgeon, W. A. N. Cattlin, Esq. — Resident Medical 
 Officer, B. Carrington, Esq., M.D. — Assist. Medical Officer, Mr. C. 
 J. Berry. — Collector, Mr.Tumer, 34, Victoria-road, HoUoway. 
 
 ST. JOHNS WOOD AND PORTLAND TOWN 
 Provident Dispensary, 98, St. John's Wood-terrace. Esta- 
 blished 1845. The funds of this institution consist of 
 payments of one penny a-week from reduced tradesmen, 
 mechanics, and servants, who are termed ordinary members, 
 and the contributions of 10s. Qd. annually, or 5 guineas 
 donation from honorary members and Governors ; the former 
 only are entitled to medical attendance and relief. The last 
 
69 
 
 SURREY, A.D. 1777 liiSfirnSHritH. south LONDON, 1821 
 
 year's cash account presents a fair statement, of receipts cover- 
 ing expenditure, amounting to £237, two-thirds of which 
 consisted of volxmtary contributions. Number of members 
 enrolled since establishment, 1,136; present annual average 
 of cases of illness attended, 1,000, either at their homes or 
 at the Dispensary. 
 
 President, Colonel Eyre. — Honorary Secretary, C. Coupland, 
 Esq. — Treasurer, W. Collins, Esq. — Bankers, Sir Samuel Scott, 
 Bart., and Co. — Consulting Physician, Peter Nugent Kingston, 
 Esq. — Consulting Siu-geon, Henry James Johnson, Esq. — Sur- 
 geons : R. P. Bickerton, Esq. ; G. Murton Tracy, Esq. ; J. Bluett, 
 Esq. — Dispenser, Mr. J. M. Cansick. 
 
 SURREY DISPENSARY, -Great Dover-street, South- 
 wark. Instituted 1777. For attending lying-in women, 
 and administering advice and medicines to the necessitous 
 poor of the Borough of Southwark and places adjacent, at 
 the Dispensary or at their own habitations. 5,103 patients 
 have been relieved during the past year, 3,905 of whom were 
 cured, and 583 remain under cure. Total number of pa- 
 tients since the establishment, 253,689, nearly half of whom 
 have been attended at their own homes, and 1 in 7 were 
 midwifery cases. This is the oldest Dispensary but one in 
 London, and amongst the most liberally supported : its 
 annual income is £960, £700 of which arises from volun- 
 tary contributions. The last cash statement represents, 
 however, a necessity for selling £200 worth of stock to de- 
 fray an excess of expenditure. One guinea per annum en- 
 titles to have one patient always on the medical list, and 
 one lying-in patient in the year. 
 
 President, The Earl of Egremont. — Treasurer, Charles Allen 
 Young, Esq. — Physicians : Dr. C. J. Aldis ; Dr. Archibald Bor- 
 land: Dr. W. H. Willshire; Dr. Burslem. — Consulting Sur- 
 geons : George Pilcher, Esq. ; W. T. Dalby, Esq. ; J. C. Forster, 
 Esq. — Apothecary, Mr. Edward Marshall. — Secretary, Mr. Robert 
 Meggy, 33, Trinity-square — Collector, Mr. Benjamin Marsland. 
 
 ROYAL SOUTH LONDON DISPENSARY, St. 
 
 George's Cross (opposite Bethlem Hospital). Established 
 1821. For affording additional medical relief to the poor 
 of the south side of the Thames. Since its establishment 
 37,000 patients have been relieved ; the largest number in 
 one year being 4,904. The cash account appears satisfac- 
 tory : the amount of receipts is less than of the last men- 
 tioned, but covers the expenditure, which last year was £581. 
 
70 
 
 EASTERN, A.D. 1782 3Krb[irHl QUEEN Adelaide's, 1849 
 
 One guinea annually, or ten guineas donation, constitutes 
 a Governor, entitled to have one patient constantly under 
 medical or chirurgical care, and a vote at all elections. The 
 Committee mieet on the first Tuesday in every month. 
 
 Treasurer, J. H. Capper, Esq. — Consulting Physicians : Dr. 
 Thomas Addison ; Dr. Clutterbuck ; Dr. Alexander Sutherland. 
 — Surgeons : F. C. Jones, Esq. ; T. C. Lewis, Esq. ; G. H. Wat- 
 son, Esq. — Apothecary, Mr. William Hentsch. — Bankers, ITie 
 Southwark Branch of London and Westminster.— Secretary, Mr. 
 James Hooker, Walcot Cottage, Lambeth. — Collector, Mr. George 
 Hentsch, 17, New Boswell-court, Lincoln's-inn. 
 
 THE ROYAL KENT DISPENSARY can scarcely be 
 considered within the range of London dispensaries, being 
 situated in the Broadway, Deptford ; moreover, to repeated 
 applications no report has been forwarded. 
 
 The House Surgeon is Mr. Thomas J. Ryder. — The Secretary, 
 Mr. Charles J. Carttar. 
 
 EASTERN DISPENSARY, Great Alie-street, Good- 
 man's Fields. Instituted 1782. Open daily for the recep- 
 tion of patients' recommendations, from nine to ten. A 
 Samaritan Fund is attached, available to such patients as 
 require it, for wine and other nourishment. A fund is now 
 being raised for the purchase of land, and future building 
 of a suitable establishment. 
 
 During the year ending March 1849, 3,005 patients have 
 been treated, of whom 2,660 are reported as cured or re- 
 lieved, and 231 were midwifery patients ; the number re- 
 maining under cure was 279 ; giving a total of 116,200 
 patients since its establishment. The expenditure averages 
 between £400 and £500 a-year, and the receipts, last year, 
 £479; half from dividends, the remainder from subscriptions. 
 
 One guinea annual, or ten guineas donation, constitutes 
 a Governor, entitled to have one patient on the list at a time, 
 and one midwifery patient annually. 
 
 President, the Duke of Wellington. — Treasurer, Benjamin Cot- 
 ton, Esq., Trinity House, Tower-hill. — Physician, William Munk, 
 M.D. — Physician Accoucheur, F. H. Ramsbotham, M.D. — Sur- 
 geon, Henry Reynolds, Esq. — Apothecary, Mr. J. Comley, at the 
 Dispensary. — Secretary, Mr. G. H. Simmonds, 7, Great Alie-st. 
 Collector, Mr. William Eddrup, at the Dispensary. 
 
 QUEEN ADELAIDE'S DISPENSARY for the Sick 
 Poor of BetliTial-green, 189, Church-street. Established 1849. 
 
TOWER HASILETS', 1792. DiS^irnSHnES. <fc FOB CHILDREN, 1845 
 
 Perhaps no division of London presents a greater scope for 
 the exercise of benevolence than Bethnal Green and its sur- 
 rounding districts ; and, doubtless, the benefits of an efficient 
 Dispensary will be appreciated by its poorer inhabitants to 
 a much greater extent than would any other remedial mea- 
 sure ; one of the last acts of her lamented Majesty, Queen 
 Adelaide, was the gift of .£100 towards the objects contem- 
 plated by the promoters of this Dispensary, and, in con- 
 nexion with the parochial clergy ; it was fairly founded 23rd 
 November, 1849. 
 
 10s. 6d. annually, or five guineas at one time, constitutes a 
 Governor, entitled to six tickets recommending patients. 
 
 President, the Bishop of London. — Treasurer, Kobert Hanbury, 
 Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Hanburys, Taylor, and Lloyd. — Consult 
 ing Physician, Dr. A. Frampton, 29, New Broad-street. — Con 
 suiting Surgeon, James Luke, Esq., 39, Broad-street Buildings 
 — Honorary Secretaries : Rev. Thomas Peckston, M.A., andThoa 
 Snowdon Peckston, R.N., 1, Gloucester-terrace, Cambridge-heath 
 
 TOWER HAMLETS' DISPENSARY, 40, Commercial- 
 road-east. Instituted 1792. The dispensary is open daily at 
 twelve, for patients able to attend, on presenting a Gover- 
 nor's recommendation ; urgent cases relieved without. The 
 average number of patients annually relieved is about 2,000 ; 
 the number remaining under treatment, 230 ; and the total 
 number since the foundation, 71,802. 
 
 One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes 
 a Governor, entitled to recommend one midwifery patient 
 within the year, and have one other case always on the books. 
 
 President, The Earl of Glengall. — Treasurer, George Frederick 
 Young, Esq. — Consulting Physicians : Dr. Cobb ; Dr. C. J. Fox. 
 — Physician- Accoucheur, Dr. Ramsbotham. — Physician, Dr. 
 Munk. — Consulting Surgeon, John Adams, Esq. —r Surgeon, 
 Robert Wilson, Esq. — Resident and Visiting Surgeon, Vertue 
 Edwards, Esq. — Secretary and Sub-Treasurer, Mr. Thomas Stone, 
 6, Wellclose-square. — Collector, Mr. Cooke, 23, Prince's-square. 
 
 TOWER HAMLETS <& GENERAL DISPENSARY 
 
 for Children, 50, Worship-street, Shoreditch. Formed 1845; 
 since which, the printed statement issued by the Directors 
 states, 18,370 children have been under treatment ; and the 
 present daily average of patients, 90. 
 
 Treasurer, Robert Davies, Esq. — Surgeon, Mr. George A. Rees. 
 —Hon. Secretary, Mr. John Watson, 16, Worship-st., Finsbury. 
 
72 
 
 THE LOXDON, A.D. 1777. 3llj&iral FOBE-STBEET, A.D. 1779 
 
 LONDON DISPENSARY, 2\, Vine-street, Spitalfields. 
 Instituted 1777. Patients from any distance, with a letter 
 of recommendation, will receive medicines, and the advice of 
 a physician or surgeon, as their cases may require. Indi- 
 gent persons, having suffered from accidents, are received 
 without any recommendation. All persons paying one guinea 
 or upwards annually, are Governors, with a right of having 
 one patient on the books at a time for each guinea subscribed. 
 
 Consulting Physician, Dr. F. Cobb.— Physicians : Dr. C. J. B. 
 Aldis ; Dr. P. Fraser. — Surgeon, Thomas Blizard Curling, Esq. — 
 Resident Apothecary, Mr. William Gayton. — Secretary, Mr. Tho- 
 mas Butts Tanqueray WiUaume. — Collector, Mr. J. Baker. 
 
 FINSBURT DISPENSARY, 16, Woodbridge-street, 
 Clerkenwell. Established 1780.1 Governors may have one 
 patient constantly on the books for every guinea annually 
 subscribed ; and life governors one for every donation of 
 10 guineas. Governors are allowed to recommend their 
 domestic servants as patients. 
 
 President, The Marquis of Northampton. — Treasurer, Richard 
 Martineau, Esq. — Trustees : Charles Biggs, Esq. ; Philip Bedwell, 
 Esq. ; R. Martineau, Esq. — Physicians : Dr. Thomson ; Dr. J, 
 W. Griffith. — Surgeon, J. T. Ware, Esq. — Resident Medical 
 Officer, Mr. Edmund Meek. — Secretary, Mr. R. Saywell. — ^Col- 
 lector, Mr. Thomas Eglington, Old Jewry. 
 
 METROPOLITAN DISPENSARY &CHARITABLE 
 
 Fund, 9, Fore-street, Cripplegate. Established 1779.2 For 
 the relief of the sick poor at their own habitations, by 
 providing medical and surgical advice, and affording pecu- 
 niary aid in cases of extreme distress, the value of the 
 same being enhanced by its being accompanied by the con- 
 solations of religion. There are nearly 10,000 cases an- 
 nually relieved by this charity medically, besides the pecu- 
 niary aid, and the maternity attendance afforded. One gui- 
 nea annual entitles to recommend one patient at a time, 
 and one vote at all elections. 
 
 The cash statement represents an income of about ,£500, 
 with the exception of £90 dividends, derivable from volun- 
 tary contributions. The requisite expenses, according to 
 present extent of usefulness, exceed this by about £100. 
 
 1 Founded originally in St. John's-square. 
 
 * This dispensary originally bore the title of " Charitable Fund and 
 Dispensary," and has successively been held at 5, Lilypot-lane ; 133, 
 London-wall ; and 13, Fore-street ; now, as above. 
 
CITY OF LONDON, 1849. SiS^BHSHrtpS. ROYAL GENERAL, 1770 
 
 Patron, The Duke of Cambridge. — President and Treasurer, 
 Thomas Challis, Esq. — Physicians : Dr. Waller ; Dr. Crisp. — Sur- 
 geon, Luther Holden, Esq. — Resident Surgeon and Apothecary, 
 Mr. Southwood. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. Benjamin Smith, 
 London-wall. — Collector, Mr. D. Freeman, 41, Gee-street, Gos- 
 well-street. 
 
 THE CITY OF LONDON AND EAST LONDON 
 
 Dispensary and Benevolent Institution, 13, Wilson-street, 
 Finsbury-square. Founded 1849. For the purpose of af- 
 fording medical advice, medicines, and nourishment, to the 
 destitute sick poor, and in cases of urgent necessity small 
 pecuniary aid. 
 
 Having only just been matured, there is no extent of 
 operations to record. Contributors of 1 guinea annual, and 
 donors of 10 guineas at one time, will have the privilege of 
 keeping two patients on the books at a time. The commit- 
 tee meet every Wednesday at 1. 
 
 Treasurer, Charles Curling, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, George 
 Smith, Esq. — Physician, Henry Oldham, Esq., M.D. — Surgeons : 
 W. G. Carpenter, Esq. ; Henry Shaw, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. 
 Barclay, Bevan, and Co. — Resident Apothecary, Mr. C. Law, Jvm. 
 
 CITY DISPENSARY, 76, Queen-street, Cheapside. 
 Instituted 1789. Open for the reception of recommenda- 
 tory letters, and the admission of patients, every day (Sun- 
 days excepted) at 11 o'clock. The physicians attend at 
 S\ every morning except Wednesday and Saturday, when 
 the surgeon attends at 1. The number of patients cured 
 or relieved during last year was 8,891, and 935 remained 
 under treatment. One guinea annual constitutes a governor, 
 with the privilege of having three patients on the books. 
 
 President, the Lord Mayor. — Treasurer, Thomson Hankey, Jun., 
 Esq. — Physicians : W. Jones, M.D. ; E. Bentley, M.D. — Surgeon, 
 J. C. Taunton, Esq. — Apothecary, Mr. Middleton. — Secretary, 
 C. F. Robinson, Esq., 7, Queen-st. -place. 
 
 THE ROYAL GENERAL DISPENSARY, 36, Al- 
 
 dersgate-street. Instituted 1770. This institution is the 
 parent one of its kind.i Its objects are to aiFord medical 
 and surgical relief, gratuitously, to the sick poor, without 
 regard to their places of abode ; and to visit, at their own 
 
 ^ Strenuously supported in its early struggles by Drs. Hulme (its first 
 physician) and Lettsom. 
 
74 
 
 FAKRINGDON GENERAL 3llBMrill DISPENSARY, A.D. 1828 
 
 habitations, poor persons residing within the limits or 
 liberties of the city, who may not be able, from the nature 
 of their diseases, to attend at the dispensary house. The 
 last report represents the inadequacy of the funds for the 
 relief of applicants ; but the cash statement is not ap- 
 pended. The returns for 1849 show a total of 14,591 pa- 
 tients during the year, of whom 1,892 remained under treat- 
 ment : the annual average of patients is 12,000. Sub- 
 scribers of 1 guinea annually, or donors of 10 guineas at 
 one time, are entitled to have two patients constantly on the 
 books. The printed letters, for the recommendation of pa- 
 tients, may be had of the collector, and at the dispensary. 
 
 President, Lord Carrington. — Treasurer, Thrower Buckle Her- 
 ring, Esq., 40, Aldersgate-street. — Physicians : Dr. Yates (Con- 
 sulting), Dr. Lloyd, IJr. Goodfellow, Dr. Lewis, Dr. C. Brodie 
 Sewell (Assistant). — Surgeons : Samuel Solly, Esq. (Consulting), 
 Alfred Sniee, Esq. ; John James Pumell, Esq. ,• William Scovell 
 Savory, Esq. — Resident Apothecary, Mr. T. B. Stott, at the Dis- 
 pensary. — Secretary, John Wood, Esq., 8, Falcon-street, Alders- 
 gate-street. — Collector, Mr. George Mence, 5, Billiter-street. 
 
 FARRINGDON GENERAL DISPENSARY and 
 
 Lying-in Charity, 17, Bartlett's-buildings, Holborn. Es- 
 tablished 1828. The dispensary is open daily (Sundays 
 excepted) for patients and letters of recommendation, from 
 half-past 11 till 1 o'clock. Accidents, and cases of emer- 
 gency, are attended to at all hours. Patients residing 
 within a mile of the institution, who, from severe illness, 
 cannot attend, are visited at their homes. Patients who 
 are visited at home must send for their medicines at the 
 hours of 12 and 8. One guinea annually entitles to have 
 two patients on the books, and one vote at elections. The 
 annual average of cases relieved is above 4,000. The funds 
 are now in a more prosperous position than for some years 
 past, great exertions having been used last year to free them 
 from debt. The annual amount required is about £300, 
 .£220 of which is met by subscriptions and donations. 
 
 President, Lord Denman. — Treasurer, R. Williams, Esq., 44, 
 Ludgate-hill.- — Honorary Secretary, J. Galsworthy, Esq., 2, Char- 
 lotte-row, Mansion House. — Physicians : Dr. Tanner, Dr. Tilt, 
 Dr. Thos. Snow Beck. — Surgeons : John Chippendale, Esq.; W. 
 A. Hillman, Esq. — Surgeon- Accoucheur, S. Griffith, Esq., — Sur- 
 geon-Dentist, T. E. Eden, Esq. — Resident Medical Officer, Mr. 
 Lowne, at the Dispensary. — Collector, Mr. Coles, Church Porch, 
 Skinner-street. 
 
WESTERN CITY, 1830 DlSptllSaiiCS. WESTERN GENERAL,1830 
 
 WESTERN CITY DISPENSARY, 18, Lincoln's-inn- 
 fields. Established 1830. The districts of this dispensary 
 extend from Temple-bar to Old Change and Lambeth-hill, 
 including the densely-populated parts from Holborn and 
 Newgate-street, to the river. The system pursued for the 
 relief of its patients is peculiar to itself, and economical in 
 the working, dispensing with either rent or salaries. Each 
 of the seven medical officers attends to the poor of his 
 own district, and the medicines prescribed are supplied 
 under contract by the Society's druggists at 2s. for each 
 patient, and 5s. each midwifery case, however long under 
 treatment. The dispensary thus relieves upwards of 2,000 
 cases annually, at a cost of £250. 
 
 One guinea annually constitutes a governor, who may 
 recommend 15 patients. 
 
 President, "VV. Thompson, Esq., Alderman, M. P.— Treasurer, 
 T. G. Conyers, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, J. M. Dale, Esq., 18, 
 Lincoln's-inn-fields. — Consulting Physician, Dr. Clutterbuck. — 
 Consulting Accoucheur, Dr. Ramsbottom. — Consulting Surgeon, 
 Fred. C. Skey. Esq. — Consulting Dentist, G. E. Alexander, Esq. — 
 Druggists : Mr. Nason ; Messrs. Orridge. — Midwives : Mrs. Paint- 
 ing ; Mrs. Clark. — Collector, Mr. J. H. Jewell, 22, Bride-lane, 
 Fleet-street. 
 
 WESTERN GENERAL DISPENSARY, Usson-groYO, 
 New-road. Instituted 1830. For the relief of the sick and 
 maimed poor of the north-western parts of St. Marylebone, 
 and the parish of Paddington, at their own habitations, 
 and at the dispensary, where beds are provided for the re- 
 ception of sufferers from severe accidents ; and to supply 
 poor women with attendance and necessary medicines 
 during their confinement at their own homes. Subscribers 
 are entitled to recommend six cases for every guinea sub- 
 scribed annually, or a donation of 10 guineas. Attendance 
 at the dispensary every morning at 1 o'clock ; patients who 
 require it are visited at their own houses if within one mile 
 of the institution. Admission as in-patients is granted only 
 in extreme cases, but this is not to a greater extent than 12 
 cases in the course of the year ; the annual average of pa- 
 tients under treatment is about 6,000. 
 
 The funds appear in a favourable state, and average, in 
 amount of income, ,£1,100, which arises wholly from volun- 
 tary contributions, and covers the expenses. The secretary 
 
76 
 
 WESTERN, A. D. 1789. 3HEMr3;l WESTMINSTER, A.D. 1774 
 
 attends at the dispensary Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, 
 from 12 to 3. 
 
 President, Lord Portman. — Treasurer, Edgar Barker, Esq. — 
 Honorary Secretary, Frederick J. Prescott, Esq., 13, Oxford-ter- 
 race. — Consulting Physicians : Marshall Hall, M.D. ; Anthony 
 Todd Thompson, M.D. — Consulting Surgeons : Bransby B. Cooper, 
 Esq. ; F. Le Gros Clarke, Esq. — Physicians : Dr. W. Maclntyre ; 
 Dr. Markham ; Dr. Hennen ; Dr. Miller.— Physician- Accoucheur, 
 Dr. Henry Bennet. — Surgeons : A. Anderson, Esq. ; J. G. Forbes, 
 Esq. — Resident Surgeon and Apothecary, Mr. Thomas Palmer. — 
 Resident Assistant Surgeon and Apothecary, Mr. Joseph H. Bux- 
 ton. — Secretary, Mr. James Martin. — Collector, Mr. E. Herbert, 
 33, Lisson-grove North. 
 
 WESTERN DISPENSARY, Charles-street, Westmins- 
 ter. Instituted 1789. For gratuitously administering ad- 
 vice, medicines, and lor the delivery of needy lying-in 
 married women at their abodes, in the City of Westminster, 
 and other places adjacent. 
 
 6,762 Patients were cured or relieved, according to the 
 books of this institution, during the past year, of whom 416 
 were midwifery cases : the total of patients relieved since 
 its foundation is stated to be above 164,000, and the number 
 remaining under treatment at one time 325. 
 
 The funds appear to be weU supported, judging from the 
 receipts of last year, amounting to ^713 from contributions, 
 and £154 from dividends. 
 
 Open from 11 to 4 (Sundays excepted). Subscribers 
 entitled to have one patient constantly on the books, and 
 recommend two midwifery cases, for each guinea subscribed. 
 Each midwifery case has to pay a fee of Is. to the charity ; 
 this item, in the last year's account, amounts to £19. 
 
 President, The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry. — Trea- 
 surer, William Page Wood, Esq., M.P. — Consulting Physicians : 
 Donald Mackinnon, M.D. ; Robert Ben tley Todd, M.D. — Attend- 
 ing Physicians : C. J. B. Aldis, M.D. ; G. T. Fincham, M.D.— 
 Consulting Accoucheur, Frederick Bird, Esq. — Consulting Sur- 
 geon, John Malyn, Esq. — Surgeon, T. W. Nimn, Esq. — Apothe- 
 cary, Mr. William Henry Firth. — Secretary, Mr. G. Western, 4, 
 Great Vine-street, Regent's Quadrant. — Collector, Mr. J. P. 
 Phillips, 6, Stamford-terrace, Swan-street, Dover-road. — Bankers, 
 Messrs. Hallett and Robinson. 
 
 WESTMINSTER GENERAL DISPENSARY, Ger- 
 rard-street, Soho. Founded 1774. To dispense medicines, 
 
77 
 
 CHELSEA, A.D. 1812. ^ISptllSariBS. BOYAL PIMLICO, 1831 
 
 (fee, and to deliver poor women at their own habitations. 
 A subscriber of 1 guinea per annum is entitled to have con- 
 stantly one patient on the books ; about 4,000 patients re- 
 lieved annually. 
 
 President, the Duke of Northumberland. — Treasurers : John 
 Squire, Esq. ; Thomas De Year, Esq. — Physician, Dr. Henry 
 Long. — Consulting Physicians : Dr. Child, Dr. Roscoe ; Dr. S. 
 W. Merriman. — Consulting Physician-Accoucheur, Dr. Gran- 
 ville. — Surgeons : Robert Wade, Esq. ; Alexander Ure, Esq. — 
 Consulting Surgeon, Thomas Copeland, Esq. — Resident Medical 
 Officer, G. Smith, Esq., at the Dispensary, Gerrard-street, Soho. — 
 Secretary, W. J. Wills, Esq. 
 
 CHELSEA, BROMPTON, AND BELGRA VE DIS- 
 PENSARY, 41, Sloane-square. Established 1812. The 
 annual number of patients about 4,000, of whom 90 are 
 under treatment at a time : total number from date of in- 
 stitution, 93,117. 
 
 The annual expenditure is about .£350, which is well 
 met by the voluntary contributions, assisted by .£30 divi- 
 dends. 
 
 A subscriber of 1 guinea is entitled to recommend one 
 midwifery case in the year, and to have one medical or 
 surgical patient at a time, on the books of the institution. 
 
 Treasurer, Charles Hopkinson, Esq. — Consulting Physician, 
 Dr. Anthony Todd Thompson. — Surgeons : Messrs. Whitmore, 
 Seaton, Woolley, and Leggatt.- — Physicians : Dr. Barclay, Dr. C. 
 Handfield Jones. — Apothecary, Mr. T. Taylor, residing at the 
 Dispensary.— Secretary, Mr. C. Wilson, at the Dispensary. — Col- 
 lector, Mr. J. H. OUive. 
 
 ROYAL PIMLICO DISPENSARY, Belgrave-terrace. 
 Founded 1831. Subscribers of one or more guineas per an- 
 num are entitled to have one patient constantly on the 
 books, to recommend one lying-in woman during the year. 
 Open for the reception of recommendatory letters every day 
 at 12. 
 
 During last year 5,162 patients were cured or relieved : 
 total number since the foundation, 23,772. 
 
 The necessary expenditure exceeds £500 per annum — an 
 amount, that the present receipts appear barely sufficient 
 for, and there is no funded property. 
 
 President, The Marquis of Westminster, Treasurer, C. L. Hare, 
 Esq. — Honorary Secretary, G. W. Forster, Esq., 12, Charlwood- 
 
78 
 
 KENSINGTON, A.D. 1840. 31iBMrfll PADDINGTON, A.D. 1838 
 
 place. — Bankers, Messrs. Drummond. — Consulting Physician 
 James Arthur Wilson, Esq., M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, Henry 
 Charles Johnson, Esq. — Consulting Accoucheur, John Ince, Esq. 
 — Attending Physician, Edwin Lankester, Esq., M.D.— Attend- 
 ing Surgeon, W. V. Pettigrew, Esq., M.D. — Attending Accou- 
 cheur, Frederick Robert Manson, .Esq., M.D. — Surgeon Dentist, 
 John Littlewood, Esq. — Resident Medical Officer. Richard Stan- 
 ing, Esq. — Collector, Mr. William Blackboume, 59, Ebury-street. 
 
 KENSINGTON DISPENSARY, Church-street. Es- 
 tablished 1840. A suitable dispensary house is completed 
 in Church-street, more adapted to the increasing extent of 
 operation of the charity. The present annual average of 
 patients is about 1,500 or 2,000 ; last year the number dis- 
 charged cured was 974 ; the annual income is about .£400, 
 which fully defrays all the necessary expenses. One gui- 
 nea annually, or 10 guineas at one time, constitutes a go- 
 vernor ; entitled to recommend three patients at a time. 
 
 The dispensary is open for the reception of patients at 
 10 o'clock daily. 
 
 President, Archdeacon Sinclair, — Treasurer, Right Hon, Wil- 
 liam Lascelles, M.P. — Honorary Secretary, Edward Sheppard, 
 Esq. — Honorary Solicitor, James Weston, Esq. — Consulting Phy- 
 sician, James Arthur Wilson, Esq., M.D. — -Consulting Surgeon, 
 Caesar Hawkins, Esq. — Resident Apothecary, Mr. E. J. New- 
 comb. — Collector, Mr. John Manchester, 2, Pembroke-square. 
 
 PADDINOTON PROVIDENT DISPENSARY, 104, 
 Star-street, Cambridge Terrace. Established 1838. Is 
 chiefly for the benefit of the poor of the district, who are 
 able to contribute their own trifle towards their medical 
 attendance ; the payments range from Id. to l^d. weekly, 
 according to the number of the family ; and the funds are 
 assisted by the contributions of the more wealthy : the 
 total amount required is about £300 per annum, half of 
 which is met by the payments of members. The number 
 of patients attending varies from 2,000 to 2,500 annually. 
 
 President, Rev. A. M. Campbell. — Treasurer, Charles Beach- 
 croft, Esq. — Secretary, Frederick Ouvry, Esq. — Consulting Phy- 
 sician, Dr. W. O. Markham. — Consulting Surgeon, Samuel 
 Lane, Esq. — Consulting Accoucheur, Dr. J. Henry Bennet. — 
 Medical Officers in Ordinary : C. Langmore, Esq. ; Thomas 
 Hill, Esq. ; C. E. Goodman, Esq. — House Surgeon, Sir. William 
 Smith. — Collector, Mr. liobert Watkins, 19, Clarence-road, Ken- 
 tish-town. 
 
79 
 
 PADDINGTON FREE,1848. liiS|IBES3riBS, HOMOEOPATHIC 1840. 
 
 PABDINGTON FREE DISPENSARY FOR THE 
 Diseases of Women and Children, 8, Market-street, Edg- 
 ware-road. Established 1848. 300 patients now under 
 treatment. A fundamental rule of the institution is, that 
 " there shall be no paid officers, medical or otherwise ; 
 that all contributions may be devoted exclusively to the 
 relief of the poor." No recommendations required. A cash 
 statement not yet rendered, the institution being only lately 
 formed. One guinea annual, or 10 guineas donation, consti- 
 tutes a life governor. 
 
 President, Lord Dudley C. Stuart. — Consulting Physician, 
 Edward W. Murphy, A.M., M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, William 
 Fergusson, Esq. — Physician, Edward John Tilt, M.D. — Surgeon, 
 Thomas Moore, Esq. — Dentist, Robert Ganthony, Esq. — Bankers, 
 The Union Bank of London. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. William 
 Dickinson, 16, Cambridge-street, Hyde-park. 
 
 LONDON EOM(EOPATHIG MEDICAL INSTITU- 
 TION, 17, Hanover- square. Established 1840. For ex- 
 tending as widely as possible a knowledge of the merits and 
 advantages of homoeopathy, for enabling the afflicted poor 
 to partake of the benefits of that treatment, and enabling 
 the profession to test, by personal observation, the action 
 and results of the remedies employed : 820 cases were 
 under treatment in 1849 ; partly self-supported, made up 
 by the treasurer's and other contributions. 
 
 A donor of 1 guinea is entitled to recommend one patient. 
 
 President, The Earl of Wilton. — Treasurer, William Leaf, Esq. 
 — Physician, P. F. Curie, M.D. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. W. 
 Wame, 9, Gresham-street-west. — Chemist, Mr. W. Headland. 
 Collector, Mr. Middleton, 20, Pall Mall. 
 
 WEST LONDON HOMCEOPATHIC DISPENSARY, 
 
 2, London-street, Fitzroy-square. Established 1841.1 
 Founded with a view to afford the sick poor the advantages 
 of treatment on homoeopathic principles, and also to enable 
 medical men and students to ascertain, by personal obser- 
 vation, the benefit of that mode of practice. Open daily, 
 from 9 to 10, for the reception of patients ; Wednesdays, 
 specially for treatment of the eye and ear ; Saturdays, for 
 females. 
 
 2,200 patients, it is stated, were treated from 1841 to 
 
 ^ At 67, Newman-street, Oxford-street ; reconstituted, 1848. 
 
80 
 
 FOE HOMCEOPATHIC BHlJlirHl ^iSpiMHrilS. TBEATMENT, 
 
 1848 ; and 2,006 from June, 1848, to October, 1849 ; evi- 
 dencing a great increase for the system. One guinea an- 
 nually entitles to have one patient on the books. 
 
 Honorary Secretary, W. T. T. Elliott, Esq.— Physician, R. E. 
 Dudgeon, M.D.— Surgeon, T. Engall, Esq.— Chemist, Mr. W. 
 Headland. — Collector, Mr. Watkins. 
 
 THE HOMCEOPATHIC INSTITUTION, 63, Edg- 
 ware-road, has a dispensary attached ; open to the poor 
 gratuitously. Attendance is given daily at 12 o'clock. 
 
 Honorary Secretary, Mr. R. Buchan. 
 
 WESTMINSTER AND ST. GEORGES EOM(EO- 
 PA THIC Free Dispensary, 22, Davies-mews, Lower Brook- 
 street, Grosvenor-square, is especially for the treatment of 
 consumption and other diseases of the chest. Patients free 
 upon a recommendation of any person of known respecta- 
 bility. Time of admission Mondays, Wednesdays, Thurs- 
 days, and Saturdays, from 8 to 10. 
 
 Medical Officer, Mr. Wilson. 
 
81 
 
 tfji iiiinaiit ^nrirtips. h. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 FOR THE PRESERVATION OF HUMAN LIFE, 
 HEALTH, AND PUBLIC MORALS. 
 
 The Humane Societies. — Sanitary Improvement Measures. — Model 
 Buildings for Poor. — Establishments for Baths and Washhouses. — 
 Early Closing. — Temperance Societies. — Prevention of Vice. 
 
 The Institutions compreliended in this chapter are, for the 
 most part, of a preventive character, and follow here, from a 
 consideration of the causes of a vast deal of the suffering and 
 disease designed to he relieved by the charities already de- 
 scribed. Very many of the ills of human life, no one can deny, 
 are incident to want of care and common precautionary mea- 
 sures. That such is pretty well recognized, may be in- 
 ferred from the following institutions having been called 
 into existence by practical experience of their need. That 
 much may be done, under the blessing of God, for the saving 
 of human life from the casualties of domestic and every-day 
 life, is abundantly evidenced by the details of such as have 
 had years to test their usefulness ; and that much will be 
 effected, both for the safety and comfort of the lower classes 
 especially, there is great reason to hope. Very cheering and 
 animating is the announcement of one or two of these con- 
 templated new institutions, and satisfactory the progress of 
 those already formed in the cause of public health and 
 morals : it shows, at the least, that public attention is ener- 
 getically directed to the subject, if not, as yet, thoroughly and 
 systematically ; and there cannot be a doubt but that such 
 efforts will exercise a powerful influence and effect a gi'eat 
 social improvement throughout the metropolis, to the benefit 
 
 6 
 
82 
 
 ROYAL HUMANE I^IfSriDfltiDE Uf SOCIETY, A.D. 1774 
 
 of our crowded localities of coiirts and alleys clustering with 
 human beings. 
 
 It may occur to the reader, that some of the institutions 
 detailed in this and the following chapters, appear, at first 
 sight, rather strangely diverse in design and operation, and 
 embrace more of social than charitable details ; but, upon a 
 closer consideration, it will be seen there is a link running 
 through all — illustrative of an anxious desire to render sub- 
 servient to general humanity the benefit of every fresh sug- 
 gestion for the common weal, immediately upon a need or 
 necessity manifesting itself — and the endeavour to supply it 
 upon benevolent and liberal principles.^ 
 
 The institutions here treated of may thus be classed : — 
 Preservation of Human Life, 3 ; Prevention of Cruelty, 1 ; 
 Improvement of Dwellings, 1 ; Promoting Cleanliness, Com- 
 fort, etc., 3 ; Limiting Hours of Business, 1 ; Promoting 
 Temperance, 2 ; Suppression of Immoral Books, 1 ; Total, 12. 
 Although reckoned as but twelve institutions, it must be 
 borne in mind that each has its local operations ; and in 
 some cases, such as Baths, etc., they result in separate esta- 
 blishments. 
 
 With one exception, these are all the product 
 of the present century ; and those in full 
 operation are conducted at an annual ex- 
 pense of . . . . . £11,503 
 To defray which, the voluntary contributions 
 
 amount to .... £8,730 
 
 This is exclusive of those now self-support- 
 ing, or nearly so, but founded originally 
 at a first cost, raised by voluntary contri- 
 butions, of ... . £72,000 
 
 THE ROYAL HUMANE SOCIETY, 3, Trafalgar- 
 square, Charing-cross. Instituted 1774.* For collecting and 
 circulating the most approved and effectual methods for re- 
 
 ^ " Of the different ingredients in the ciip of misery drained to the dregs 
 by so many of our poorer brethren, it would be difficult to say which 
 are the most deleterious; but if we devote exclusively the resources of 
 our charity to remedy evils which affect the mind, the task of improving 
 the condition of the poorer classes will be very difficult, if not altogether 
 hopeless." — Bishop of London. 
 
 ^ This institution must not be, as is too often the case, associated 
 exclusively with one of its objects, viz., the saving persous from drown- 
 
83 
 
 ROYAL HUMANE SHIIISE lllff. SOCIETY, A.D. 1774 
 
 covering persons apparently drowned or dead ; and for sug- 
 gesting and providing suitable apparatus for, and bestowing 
 rewards on, those who assist in the preservation and restora- 
 tion of life. 
 
 Since the establishment of this society, many hundreds of 
 individuals have been rescued by its direct agency, in the 
 neighbourhood of the metropolis alone, from premature 
 death. The following summary of operations during the 
 past year, may be considered as a fair average of what is 
 effected by the direct exertions of its own officers : fourteen 
 persons were prevented from effecting suicide ; twenty res- 
 cued, whilst in danger of drowning, from cramp or getting 
 beyond their depth whilst swimming ; and, during the ice 
 season, thirty-four rescued from various degrees of danger 
 whilst skating. The number of rewards voted in cases of 
 meritorious exertion or prompt remedial measures, extending 
 over the world : one gold, sixteen silver, and twenty-one 
 bronze medallions ; and pecuniary amounts to 125 indivi- 
 duals. The principal receiving house of the society is on 
 the north bank of the Serpentine in Hyde-park. The me- 
 thods of treatment under emergent circumstances, published 
 by this society, are very excellent, and may be obtained gra- 
 tuitously on application. The annual amount spent for re- 
 wards, salaries, wages, advertisements, etc., is „£ 1,620, and for 
 receiving house and marquees, ,£200. This is defrayed by 
 an income of £1,800, arising from voluntary contributions 
 
 ing. It owes its chief claims to the present high position it occupies, to 
 the impetus it has given to the investigation of the subject of Suspended 
 Animation, and to the valuable directions it has circulated for observ- 
 ance upon emergencies. The principle established by its first founder 
 (in idea). Dr. Fothergill, was, " the possibility of saving many lives with- 
 out risking anything ;" and, by this quiet, indirect system of operations, 
 it has doubtless exercised a vast influence in recovering the apparently 
 dead. The design of the Honorary Medallion is very appropriate, fully 
 representing the humane character of the institution by the figure of a 
 child endeavouring to sustain the light of a torch, with the classical and 
 significant motto, — " Lateat scintillula forsan," — a small spark may lurk 
 unseen. 
 
 We have referred to Dr. Fothergill as the originator, at least in idea, 
 of this institution ; but the credit of the organization and matured plan 
 rests with Drs. Hawes and Cogan, who brought to demonstration the 
 truths propounded by Fothergill some years previously ; and by their 
 personal exertions, eventually aided by some thirty friends, the establish- 
 ment of this now great society was effected. 
 
84 
 
 ROYAL SOCIETY, ^rtSBniHtillE Ilf FROM FIRE, A.D, 1843 
 
 and dividends. The items are not more minutely specified 
 in cash statement. 
 
 A subscription of one guinea annually constitutes a Go- 
 vernor ; 2 guineas annually, a Director ; 10 guineas, a Life 
 Governor ; 20 guineas, a Life Director. Persons claiming 
 rewards, must produce testimonials within one month to the 
 Secretary, signed by three housekeepers acquainted with the 
 particulars. 
 
 President, The Duke of Norfolk. — Treasurer, Benjamin Hawes, 
 Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Joseph Charlier, at the Society's office, 
 3, Trafalgar-square. — Collector, Mr. Abbot, 2, Agar-street, 
 Strand, 
 
 THE ROYAL SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION 
 
 of Life from Fire, 169, Fleet-street. Re-established 1843.1 
 The principal object endeavoured to be attained by the So- 
 ciety is the establishment of Fire Escape Stations, half-a-mile 
 distant from each other throughout the metropolis, and main- 
 taining a body of Conductors, well instructed in the use of 
 the "Escapes," one at each station throughout the night. 
 It also seeks to stimulate to intrepid exertions, in the pre- 
 servation of human life at fires, by presentation of silver 
 medals and pecuniary rewards. The Society's honorary sil- 
 ver medallion can only be obtained by such as have personally 
 rescued human life from the flames. 
 
 The number of Fire Escape Stations at present maintained 
 by the Society is twenty-seven. The average annual cost of 
 each is £80, and first expenses, for " Escape," etc., £70. It is 
 the duty of every conductor to attend the fires in his district 
 at the very first alarm, whether actually required or not ; and 
 the promptitude with which they attend is always to be re- 
 marked, generally arriving before fire engines. The gra- 
 dually decreasing number of fatal fires in London, clearly 
 demonstrates the benefit of such an institution. 
 
 The following extract from the present annual report, 
 shows at one view what has been efiected by the Society 
 during five years and three months, the time the present 
 Committee have had the management of its afiairs, 
 
 1 First established iu 1830 ; but, from some imperfection in its early 
 management, its objects were not fully developed, or its operations car- 
 ried to any extent, until the year 1843, when the necessity for such an 
 institution became so evident, that at a public meeting convened for that 
 purpose, the society was reorganized. 
 
85 
 
 BOTAL NATIONAL. ^HIIIflE iift. FROM SHIPWRECK, 1824 
 
 
 
 StatUmt. 
 
 
 Firea and. 
 
 Livei saved 
 
 In 15 mos. ending Mar. 1845 ■ 
 
 8 increased to 1 1 
 
 ■ 116 
 
 - 13 
 
 In 12 mos. ending Mar. 1846 • 
 
 ■ 11 
 
 jj 
 
 15 
 
 - 96 
 
 7 
 
 1847 • 
 
 • 16 
 
 ,j 
 
 21 
 
 - 139 
 
 - 11 
 
 1848 ■ 
 
 ■ 21 
 
 „ 
 
 25 
 
 - 197 
 
 - 17 
 
 1849 . 
 
 - 25 
 
 J, 
 
 26 
 
 - 223 
 
 - 31 
 
 771 79 
 
 The expenses of maintaining the conductors and stations, 
 with inspectors, amount to £'1,900 per annum, and the ma- 
 nagement expenses only £180 ; the Avhole defrayed by volun- 
 tary subscriptions, of from 5s. to 2 guineas annually, assisted 
 by about £400 or £500 a-year, voted by the vestries of some 
 80 parishes.^ 
 
 Patron, The Queen. — Treasurer, John Dean Paul, Esq., 217, 
 Strand. — Secretary, Mr. Sampson Low, Jan., 14, Great James- 
 street, Bedford-row. — Bankers, Messrs. Strahan, Pauls, and Bates. 
 — Inspectors of Stations : East District, Mr. William Baddeley, 
 29, Alfred-street, Islington ; West District, Mr. Spencer, 7, Great 
 Portland-street. 
 
 ROYAL NATIONAL INSTITUTION, for the Preser- 
 vation of Life from Shipwreck, 20, Austin Friars. Found- 
 ed 1824. For the establishment of life-boats, and other 
 apparatus, in the most eligible situations of the British Isles, 
 and rewarding persons who may have assisted in saving 
 lives from shipwreck. For carrying these good intentions 
 into effect, local associations have been formed in various 
 parts of the united kingdom, by the instrumentality of which 
 many hundreds of persons have been saved from shipwreck. 
 The cash statement presents an account of about £700 per 
 annum, arising, half from dividends, and half from voluntary 
 contributions ; £400 spent for the objects of the institution, 
 and £350 for expenses of management ; but no report has 
 been issued by the Society, we are informed, since 1842. 
 
 Ten guineas at one time, or one guinea annually, consti- 
 tutes a governor, with one vote at all general meetings. 
 
 Treasurer, Richard Percival, Jun., Esq. — Trustees : Thomas 
 Wilson, Esq. ; John Cazenove, Esq. ; John Clark Powell, Esq. — 
 Auditors : Tunothy A. Curtis, Esq. ; Mr. Aid. Thompson, M.P. 
 
 •^ The contributions from parocWal bodies have, for the most part, only 
 as yet afforded a fostering cooperation to the otherwise voluntary charac- 
 ter of this essentially required institution. Such contributions vary from 
 £1 to 25 guineas annually, and are voted by the several vestries, under 
 the provisions of the boilding act of 14 George III, cap. 78. 
 
86 
 
 FOR PEEVENTION ^ttinHUB ^IlriEtijH. OF CRUELTY, 1821 
 
 ROYAL SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF 
 
 Cruelty to Animals ; office, 12, Pall Mall. Established 1824. 
 The object of this Society is to prevent the cruel and impro- 
 per treatment of animals. Much of the cruelty committed 
 by coachmen, carters, drovers, and others, might be pre- 
 vented by the mild and kind interference of humane indi- 
 viduals, by the police, and by the parochial authorities, 
 whom the committee solicit to unite with them in the 
 above object. Amongst the results of the Society's opera- 
 tions, may be summed up — " the prosecution to conviction 
 of more than 3,000 cases of aggravated cruelty ; the obtain- 
 ing, in 1835, an amendment of Mr. Martin's Act, whereby 
 more extensive legislative powers were granted ; in 1839, 
 the insertion of a clause in the New Police Act, prohibiting 
 the use of dogs in carts and trucks ; in 1844, an amendment 
 of the law relative to knackers' yards ; and, in 1849, a new 
 and much improved act for the more eflFectual prevention of 
 cruelty to animals." The annual average of cases proceeded 
 against appears to be 150, either by the direct or indirect 
 operations of the Society. The disbursements consist of office 
 expenses, salaries, prosecution, and incidental, to the amount 
 of £900 annually. The income is derived, from voluntary 
 sources, £820, and from dividends, £200 ; and the cash 
 statement for 1849 presents the finances in a most satisfac- 
 tory position. 
 
 Ten guineas donation, or one guinea annual, constitutes a 
 Governor. The Committee meet at the office every second 
 monday in the month ; and the Secretary attends daily, be- 
 tween eleven and four. 
 
 President, vacant. — Treasurer, Samuel Gumey, Esq. — Sub- 
 Treasurer, Lewis Pocock, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Henry Thomas. — 
 Collector, Mr. George Middleton. 
 
 LABOURERS' FRIEND SOCIETY, for improving the 
 condition of the Labouring Classes ; Office, 21, Exeter Hall. 
 Established 1831. Is actively engaged in endeavouring to 
 ameliorate the condition of the working classes, in the three 
 important points of dwellings,^ land, and money. It has built 
 
 ^ The operations of the Society heing at the present time, more espe- 
 cially directed to the improvement of dwellings, and carrying out of 
 sanitary measures, is the motive for classing it in the present chapter j 
 otherwise, its general objects are of a kindred character to those compre- 
 hended in chapter VIII. 
 
87 
 
 LABouKERs' ^miirniirnirnt nf Dniflirags. friend, a.d. 1845 
 
 a range of dwellings for the industrious classes, on sanitary 
 principles, at Bagnigge-wells, Gray's-inn-Iane. Here 23 
 families and 30 single women are accommodated. Also, in 
 George-street, St. Giles's, a model lodging-house for working 
 men, where 104 persons of this class find a comfortable habi- 
 tation. It has repaired and rendered fit for healthy occupa- 
 tion four houses in King-street and Charles-street, Drury- 
 lane, wherein 108 working men are accommodated, for four- 
 pence per night. Also, at No. 76, Hatton-garden, a house 
 for the accommodation of 58 females of the working classes. 
 
 It is now building, in Streatham-street, Bloomsbury, a 
 range of dwellings for mechanics and their families, wherein 
 about 48 such families wUl find good and healthy habita- 
 tions. At Tunbridge-wells it is aiding to raise a series of 
 cottages for agricultural labourers, of which six, and a lodg- 
 ing-house for single men, are already completed and occu- 
 pied. It is also in constant correspondence with a great 
 number of benevolent persons in all parts of the kingdom, 
 who apply for its aid in the building or improvement of cot- 
 tages, or the setting out of cottage allotments. In these 
 various works it has expended, or now is expending, more 
 than ^23,000. 
 
 The income of the Society wholly depends on the contri- 
 butions of the benevolent ; and the extent of its operations is 
 entirely contingent upon the amount entrusted to it. Thus, 
 by a simultaneous movement amongst the metropolitan 
 clergy at the last general " Thanksgiving," a very large col- 
 lection was placed at the disposal of the Committee — nearly 
 £4000. This, with additional donations, enabled them forth- 
 with to develope corresponding efforts to establish upon a 
 large scale a fresh " model buUding," for the improvement 
 of the lodgings of the labouring classes generally. For the 
 purpose of increasing the comfort and promoting the health 
 of the poor, the benevolently inclined will find no better 
 opportunity for exertion than that afforded by this institu- 
 tion, or fairer probability of the same being attended with 
 success. 
 
 An annual subscription of one guinea, or more, constitutes 
 a Member of the Society, and donors of £10 and upwards 
 are Governors for life. Donations of £50 and upwards may 
 be paid immediately, or by four yearly payments. 
 
 President, Prince Albert. — Chairman of Committee, Lord Ash- 
 ley. — Treasurer, John Labouchere, Esq. — Secretary, John Wood, 
 Esq. — Collector, Mr. W. B. Emmery. — Agent, Mr. Henry Martin. 
 
SH_ 
 
 METROPOLITAN /^KEitHri| ASSOCIATION, A.D. 1850 
 
 METROPOLITAN ASSOCIATION, for Improving 
 the Divellings of the Industrious Classes, 19, Coleman-street, 
 City. Incorporated 1845. The object of this association 
 is to enable the labouring classes to procure a comfortable, 
 cleanly, and healthy habitation, at a less expense tha.n is at 
 present paid for very inferior and unhealthy accommoda- 
 tion, arising from want of ventilation, bad drainage, and the 
 crowded state of the apartments. 
 
 Their operations during the past four years have resulted 
 in the erection of a commodious pile of buildings in the 
 Pancras-road, at a total cost of about £17,000, affording 
 accommodation for 110 families, in sets of two or three 
 rooms each, with a separate scullery, water-closet, ample 
 supply of water, and other conveniences, at rents far below 
 the amounts usually paid in unhealthy and inconvenient 
 abodes. A piece of land has likewise been recently pur- 
 chased by the association, in Spicer-street, Brick-lane, for 
 the establishment of a model lodging-house for single men : 
 both establishments, it is computed, will be self-supporting 
 and remunerative as soon as in full action. 
 
 The funds have been raised in shares of £25, and liabili- 
 ties of joint-stock avoided, by obtaining letters patent under 
 the 1st Victoria, c. 73, sees. 2 and 4, which limits the re- 
 sponsibility of shareholders ; £5 per share is required to be 
 paid into the bankers' hands. Communications and appli- 
 cations for shares to be addressed to Mr. C. Gatliff, Honorary 
 Secretary, 19, Coleman-street. 
 
 Chairman, Sir Ralph Howard. — Auditors : John Finlaison, 
 Esq. ; Edward Hurry, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, 
 Tritton, and Co. — Architect, William Beck, Esq. — Honorary 
 Secretary, Charles GatlifF, Esq., 19, Coleman-street. 
 
 THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY ASSOCIA- 
 TION, 12, St. James's-square, is now fonning under the pre- 
 sidency of the Bishop of London, with the exertions of several 
 influential friends to the cause of the labouring poor ; at 
 its foundation meeting recently held (February 6, 1850,) 
 the advantages of efficiently conducted sanitary measures 
 y were fully and powerfully urged by Lord Ashley, Mr. Dickens, 
 and other gentlemen. Their arguments were to the effect, 
 that the imperative necessity of health measures, adequate 
 to the wants of the 2,000,000 inhabiting this great metropolis, 
 has been incontrovertibly established by the disclosures 
 
89 
 
 N.W. BATHS AND .^HipnilEfinElrtS. WASH-HOUSES, A.D. 1846 
 
 made during the late epidemic, and the appalling sacrifice 
 of life, amounting in all to a loss of 18,4^3 lives, demon- 
 strate that a time has arrived when the people are entitled 
 urgently to demand from the legislature efficient and com- 
 prehensive enactments, in order to prevent recurrent ravages 
 of pestilence and attendant misery. The clergy of the 
 metropolis were particularly called upon to assist the asso- 
 ciation to the utmost of their power by the formation of 
 branch associations in every district and parish. With these 
 the parent association, it was stated, will gladly cooperate. 
 
 The zealous support of all classes may, in short, be so- 
 licited in this work of prevention, the benefits of which must 
 extend to all, though they will be most apparent in the 
 improved state of the dwellings of the poor and of the la- 
 bouring classes, and in the elevated social condition of the 
 people, in greatly reduced local burdens, and in the dimi- 
 nished amount of widowhood and orphanage. 
 
 An annual subscription of 1 guinea, and a donation of five 
 guineas, constitutes a member. 
 
 Messrs. Glyn and Co. ; Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, and Co. ; 
 Messrs. Williams, Deacon, and Co. ; and the London and West- 
 minster Bank, receive contributions. — Honorary Secretaries : M. 
 W. Lusignan, M.A. ; Hector Gavin, M.D. ; Adolphus Bamett, 
 M.B., 12, St. James's-square, and Crosby Hall, Bishopsgate. 
 
 BATHS AND WASH-HOUSES for the Labouring 
 Classes, in the North- West District of the Metropolis, George- 
 street, Euston-square. Established 1846. The first esta- 
 hVishmQVii practically tried in the metropolis .^ It was founded 
 by voluntary contributions, at a total cost of about £6,000 ; 
 but is now, with continuation of slight assistance, self- 
 supporting, and will doubtless be soon entirely so. The 
 benefits conferred on the surrounding districts have been 
 substantial, and are increasingly displayed. 
 
 Thus, in 1847, 110,940 persons bathed, and 137,672 in- 
 dividuals had their clothes washed, dried, <fec. ; while, 
 during 1848, notwithstanding the unusually cold and wet 
 season, 111,788 bathed, and 246,760 were washed for: be- 
 sides this, 1,433 rooms, closets, areas, &;q., have been cleansed 
 and purified. 
 
 President, Lord Southampton. — Bankers, Sir Claude Scott and 
 Co. — Honorary Secretary, T. H. Smith, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. 
 John Bell. 
 
 ^ The first establishment of this character was at Glasgow. 
 
90 
 
 BATHS & WASH ^anitan| gmprnntrngnts. houses, a.d. 1847 
 
 COMMITTEE for Promoting the Establishment of Bathi 
 and Wash-Houses for the Labouring Classes, 5, Exeter 
 Hall, and Goulston-square, Whitechapel, London. 
 
 The first operations to promote this purpose were in 1844, 
 but various difficulties, occupying much time and consider- 
 ably greater expense than was calculated upon, retarded the 
 object, and it was not until July 1847, that the first half of 
 the baths and wash-houses, at the model establishment, were 
 opened. The total cost, under the peculiar expenses, of 
 experiments, <fec., swelled the amount to £26,000 ; but the 
 purpose served both to afibrd to a wretchedly poor district 
 the benefits of cheap cleanliness, and at the same time pre- 
 sented data to ground application for legislative measures, 
 authorizing such establishments in every parish, and offer a 
 model for future operations. 
 
 At the present establishment 20,000 people can bathe 
 weekly, and accommodation be afforded for 42 women to wash 
 at one time, with tubs, drying closets, and every requisite. 
 
 There are 96 baths and 84 pairs of tubs ; and the com- 
 mittee are of opinion that similar extensive establishments 
 may now be completed, after the model, for about ^12,000 :^ 
 also that this, as well as others, when in full operation, will 
 not only be self-supporting, but remunerative ; thus, it is 
 computed, ^12,000 a-year will be the continued receipts, at 
 the present charges of Id. for cold baths, and 2d., or 6d., 
 for warm baths ; and ,£400 a-year from the washers at Id. 
 per hour : whilst the continued working expenses cannot 
 exceed .£1,400 annually. 
 
 President, ITie Lord Bishop of London. — Chairman, Rev. Sir 
 Henry R. Dukinfield, Bart.— Deputy Chairman, William Hawes, 
 Esq. — Trustees : Samuel Jones Loyd, Esq ; Sir William Magnay, 
 Bart. ; Sir A. De Rothschild, Bart.; Abel Smith, Esq. — Honorary 
 Secretaries : James Farish, Esq. ; John Bullar, Esq. — Assistant 
 Secretaiy, Mr. George Wooleott. 
 
 St. Martin in the Fields Establishment has now 72 baths 
 open, and during the past nine months upwards of 150,000 
 bathers have availed themselves of the benefit, paying from 
 Id. to 3d. for cold baths, and 3d. or 6d. for warm baths : this 
 is the first establishment opened under Sir Henry Dukin- 
 field's « Public Bath and Wash-House Act." 2 
 
 ^ Mr. Baly, the civil engineer to the committee, states he has been 
 able greatly to reduce the cost for Preston, as well as for other places. 
 ^ 9th and 10th acts of Victoria, cap. 74, by which all the boroughs or 
 
91 
 
 METROPOLITAN (ESfll} (ClflSillg. ASSOCIATION, A.D. 1842 
 
 The following parishes have likewise adopted, or are 
 about doing so, the provisions of the same act : — 
 
 St. Marylehone establishment, in the New-road, opposite 
 Lisson-grove. Superintendent, Mr. James Crafter. 
 
 8t. Giles and JSi. George, Bloomsbury. 
 
 St. James's, Piccadilly : site secured near Messrs. Broad- 
 wood's Brewery. 
 
 St. Margaret and St. John, Westminster, and 
 
 Lambeth ; 
 
 And the cities and boroughs of Hull, Liverpool, Bristol, 
 Plymouth, Preston, Worcester, Birmingham, <iec. 
 
 THE METROPOLITAN EARLY CLOSING ASSO- 
 CIA TION, 32, Ludgate-hiU. Established 1842.1 Its ob- 
 ject is, by means of argument and persuasion, with em- 
 ployers, and public co-operation, so to abridge the hours 
 of business as to extend to assistants opportunity for re- 
 creation, and for physical, intellectual, and moral improve- 
 ment. 
 
 As some of the earliest results of this society in the ad- 
 vancement of these latter objects, may be instanced, the 
 establishment of " The Church of England's Young Men 
 Society," " The Young Men's Christian Association," and 
 others, each full of promise for the spread of Christian 
 principles, and all more or less promoted by the pioneering 
 operations and earnest exertions of the promoters of this 
 society. 
 
 President, Sir James Emerson Tennent. — Trustees : Creorge 
 Hitchcock, Esq. ; Ambrose Moore, Esq. ; T. Winkworth, Esq. — 
 Treasurer, W. D. Owen, Esq. — Collectors : Mr. Butts ; Mr. J. 
 Hankes. — Secretary, Mr. John Lilwall, 32, Ludgate-hill. 
 
 NATIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY, 11, Token- 
 house-yard. Established 1842. For the purpose of assist- 
 ing efforts for the cause of temperance in every part of the 
 country, by encouraging and assisting the formation of 
 county and other district associations, ascertaining the cha- 
 
 parishes in England and Wales are enabled to establish such institutions 
 out of the rates, if the resolution to adopt them is carried by a certain 
 majority. 
 
 1 First established in 1 842, under the title of the " Metropolitan Drapers' 
 Association," but -was so altered in 1846, both in constitution and name, 
 as to embrace all trades, as at present. 
 
92 
 
 BRITISH AXD ^rnmntJiig tomfrtrantt foreign, a.d.isso 
 
 racter and qualifications of advocates, recommending agents, 
 and assisting in their exchange from one association to 
 another ; by collecting and diffusing statistical and other 
 valuable information bearing on the subject of intemper- 
 ance, and by watching the proceedings of Parliament in 
 questions connected with intemperance, and taking every 
 suitable opportunity of bringing the subject under the 
 notice of the legislature. 
 
 Connected with, and promoted by this society, was the 
 great " World's Temperance Convention," held in London, 
 August 4, 1846, and following days, brought together from 
 all parts of the world : the society consists of annual sub- 
 scribers of 1 guinea and upwards, and of donors of not less 
 than 10 guineas, who have signed a declaration involving 
 total abstinence from intoxicating liquors. 
 
 The cash statement appended to last report shows an in- 
 come of about £1,000 annually, with the exception of about 
 X50 supplied by voluntary contributions, and expended 
 chiefly in printing pamphlets, expenses of meetings, tra- 
 velling, lecturing, <ijc. 
 
 Treasurer, G. W. Alexander, Esq., 40, Lombard-street. — 
 Secretary, Mr. Isaac Doxsey. — Missionaries, Mr. James Balfour j 
 Mr. Richard Hodgson. 
 
 BRITISH S FOREIGN TEMPERANCE SOCIETY, 
 Aldine Chambers, Paternoster-row. Established 1830. Con- 
 sists of such persons as subscribe to the following declara- 
 tion : — " We agree to abstain from distilled spirits, except 
 for medicinal purposes, and to discountenance the causes 
 and practice of intemperance." The members promote the 
 circulation of publications which have received the sanction 
 of the committee. The society recognizes as members those 
 who adopt its general declaration ; while those who show 
 their good will, by contributing to the funds of the society, 
 without adopting the declaration, are considered as honorary 
 members. 
 
 The last report of the institution represents a continued 
 increase of drunkenness ; also an increasing consumption 
 of spirits throughout the British empire, and presents alto- 
 gether anything but a gratifying account of the society's 
 influence. 
 
 There are some very good tracts and other papers published 
 by the society, which are worthy an extended circulation ; but 
 
93 
 
 SOCIETY FOB ^ll|l|irt55fng flf ^JU. A.D. 1802 
 
 the present funds at its disposal appear totally inadequate 
 to carry out efficiently the great object it attempts to effect, 
 the whole amount being under £250 per annum. 
 
 President, the Bishop of London. — Honorary Secretary, Rev, 
 H. Hughes, A.M. — Secretary, Kev. Owen Clarke, 6, Northamp- 
 ton-square. — Bankers, Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, and Co. — Col- 
 lector, Mr. Shrewsbury, 3, King's-row, Walworth. — Agent, Mr. 
 James Simpson. 
 
 SOCIETY FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF VICE, 
 
 57, Lincoln's-inn-fields. Established 1802. Established 
 chiefly at the instance, and by the exertions, of the late 
 William WiIberforce,i Esq. About four or five years back 
 its operations were obliged to be suspended, from increasing 
 debts and generally disarranged funds. Latterly, however, 
 by a successful appeal to the public, it has been enabled to 
 resume active measures against the promoters of infidelity 
 and vice ; and the last report represents an extent of consi- 
 derable usefulness achieved by it in two years, chiefly con- 
 sisting in the suppression of infidel lectures and discussions, 
 and the destruction of immoral books, and punishment by 
 law of their venders. It is the axiom of daily experience 
 that a bad man's influence can, in some measure, be traced 
 and counteracted ; but that that of a bad book can never be 
 known, and is incalculable ; with this conviction it is that 
 
 ^ The present society, more correctly speakiug, was based upon that 
 founded by Wilberforce, which had for its chief purpose the religious in- 
 fluencing of the tone of English society, and its operations confined to 
 that time of lax morals, — the closing of the last century. It was organized 
 1787 ; and concerning it Mr. Wilberforce thus writes to Mr. Hey of 
 Leeds, in May of that year : — " You will shortly hear of a proclamation 
 issued for the discouragement of vice ; of letters written by the State Secre- 
 tary to the Lords Lieutenants, expressing the pleasure of His Majesty,, 
 that they should be active in putting in force the laws against immorality ; 
 ahOy of a Society being formed in London, to carry out such purposes. 
 The objects to which the Committee will direct their attention are the 
 oflFences specified in the proclamation, — profanation of the Sabbath, 
 swearing, drunkenness, licentious publications, etc." — Life of Wilberforce. 
 His biographers add, — " the society was soon in active and useful opera- 
 tion : the Duke of Montague opened his house for its reception, and pre- 
 sided over its meetings ; a post which was filled after his death by the 
 late Lord Bathurst, who was followed by Bishop I'ortens : and before 
 •ts dissolution, it had obtained many valuable Acts of Parliament, and had 
 greatly checked the spread of blasphemous and indecent publications." 
 
94 
 
 SOCIETY FOR .^ii|i|irt55inn nf %'m, a.d. 1802 
 
 we hail, with pleasure, the information afforded by the com- 
 mittee of the very large number of villanous publications 
 annually destroyed by their means, which would otherwise 
 have been spreading their poisoning influence over the 
 coimtry, corrupting the minds of the young, and disturbing 
 peace and order wherever introduced. 
 
 The object and operations of this society, demand for it 
 the support and cooperation of every advocate for extending 
 the influence of moral and religious principles ; its funds 
 appear to require increasing, and its general management 
 strengthening. 
 
 Treasurer, Charles Hoare, Esq., Fleet-street. — Secretary, Mr. 
 Henry Piichard, 57; Lin coln's-inn -fields. 
 
95 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 CHARITIES FOR RECLAIMING THE FALLEN; 
 THE REFORMATION OF CRIMINALS; and 
 STAYING THE PROGRESS OF CRIME. 
 
 The Foundling, Magdalen, and Lock Hospitals. — Female Penitentiaries. 
 — Philanthropic Societies for Females, and Reformation of Young 
 Offenders. — Schools of Reform and Occupation. — General Peniten- 
 tiaries. 
 
 " It is lamentable," observed, some years back, the excellent 
 chaplain to Parkhurst, " to observe how large a majority of 
 the prisoners here, consists of destitute or otherwise unfortu- 
 nate children, suffering either from the loss, the negligence, 
 or the vice of their relatives " ; and this is a fact borne evi- 
 dence to by every inquirer into the subject. Sad and stem 
 truth ! It is, however, one of the most redeeming points of 
 the time we live in, that not only is the fact ascertained and 
 recognized, that vice is as mucn the source of these evils 
 as distress, but it is being acted upon ; — let the nume- 
 rous fences and protections described in the following pages, 
 and further details of educational and ragged school pro- 
 visions for the destitute classes, — testify to what an extent ; 
 evidencing, at least, that whatever there may be deficient in 
 the system of our charities, there is no deficiency either 
 in the spirit that prompts, or the energy which establishes 
 them. Our part, however, is now to describe in detail what 
 exists, — not to speculate upon what remains to be done. 
 The subject involved under the title of the present chap- 
 ter is too important an one to be treated of briefly ; too com- 
 
FOUNDLING HOSPITAL. CjlflrititS ffll A.D. 1739 
 
 prehensive even to attempt as a subsidiary matter, there- 
 fore we do not interfere with the subject of prisons and 
 prisoners further than serves to illustrate the charitable in- 
 stitutions for their improvement and decrease. Bridewell 
 Hospital will be found to claim a short account, associated 
 so much as it is, in the minds of most, as a London charity. 
 The Model and Penitentiary Prisons are likewise appended 
 in notes, partaking too much of a similar character to be 
 excluded, whilst too decidedly for the punishment of offenders 
 to be classed as charities. Mr, Hepworth Dixon's recent 
 work on this subject, will be found likewise to afford every 
 information upon the prisons of London ; therefore to it the 
 reader is referred, for any information not comprehended by 
 the design of " the Charities of London." 
 
 Summary of Institutions described in this Chapter : — 
 
 1, for reception of Foundlings, to the num- 
 ber of . . . . . 500 
 
 10, for affording a Shelter and Home (one 
 treating disease) to Unfortunate Females, 
 maintaining at one time . . . 674 
 
 3, for Female and Juvenile Criminals, to the 
 
 number, at one time, of . . . 168 
 
 1, House of Occupation (connected with 
 Bridewell) .... 200 
 
 2, Benefiting Prisoners ; and 
 
 1, Amending Laws for the Protection of 
 Females. 
 
 In all, 18 Institutions, 17 of which come 
 under the designation of London Chari- 
 ties, conducted at an annual cost of . ^35,036 
 
 And of this amount, the sum received from 
 
 Voluntary Contributions realizes annually ^£16,299 
 
 4 Institutions were founded in the 18th cen- 
 tury, and the remaining 13 in the present 
 century (10 since 1820). 
 
 FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, Guildford-street. Incor- 
 porated 1739. Founded by Thomas Coram,i as an hospital for 
 " exposed and deserted children." In 1760, this was altered 
 
 1 A. benevolently inclined seaman, the master of a vessel trailing to the 
 colonies. The Hospital was incorporated by charter I'rom George II, in 
 Oct. 1739. It must not be supposed that Captain Coram's resources were 
 
97 
 
 FOUNDLING Hosp. Uprlaiimng tjjr ^ulim, a.d. 1739 
 
 for " poor illegitimate children whose mothers are known." 
 The bye-laws for the admission of children may be thus con- 
 densed : — No application for admission received previous to 
 the birth of a child, nor after the child is twelve months old. 
 The Committee must be satisfied of the previous good charac- ^ 
 ter and present necessity of the mother ; and that the father (if 
 living) has deserted her ; also, that the reception of the child 
 will, in all probability, be the means of replacing the mother 
 in the course of virtue and the way of an honest livelihood. 
 No money or other gift, under any pretence whatever, will 
 be received by the hospital for the admission of a child or 
 children ; nor by any officer or servant of the hospital, on 
 pain of immediate dismissal. 
 
 The revenues of the Hospital are very large ; proceeding 
 mainly from what is known as the " Foundling Estate," in- 
 cluding portions of Mecklenburgh- square, Guildford-street, 
 Brunswick-square, and several immediately neighbouring 
 
 sufficient for the endowment of this institution : what little property he 
 possessed was speedily engrossed in his charitable projects ; and, for the 
 last two years of his life, he became himself a recipient of charity. The 
 extent of its endowment and present fortunate position, must be attributed, 
 as is justly due, to the judicious policy of the governors for the time ; by 
 their provident care, the voluntary contributions of the benevolent in- 
 trusted to them, were invested in the purchase of the present site and sur- 
 rounding ground, then consistingof fieldsknown as Lamb'sConduit Fields, 
 belonging to the Earl of Salisbury, who finally sold it to the charity for 
 £5,6(K). It must not, however, be concealed, that the purchase of more 
 than they wanted for building, was not so much the result of their pene- 
 tration, as Lord Salisbury's refusing to sell a fractional part. 
 
 The hospital was built by Theodore Jacobson, the architect of the Gos- 
 port Royal Hospital, Among its most liberal benefactors, Handel and 
 Hogarth deserve mention. It is recorded of the great composer, that, 
 at a performance of his "Messiah" in the hospital chapel, he invariably 
 engaged all the performers to render their assistance gratuitously, and 
 once cleared for its benefit as much as ;£1,000 by one performance. There 
 are several paintings of the great artist in the hospital, including the 
 " March to Finchley." 
 
 The chapel of this hospital is a source of great attraction with the 
 public, owing to the efficient services of the choir, aided by the admirable 
 singing of the children. The Chaplain is the Rev. J. Forshall, M.A. 
 Morning preacher, the Rev. J.W. Gleadall, M.A. ; and Afternoon preacher, 
 the Rev. Edward Scobell, M.A. There is no service of an evening. A 
 contribution is expected from strangers on entering, for the benefit of the 
 Hospital funds. 
 
 7 
 
98 
 
 LOCK HOSPITAL. CjiarifeS fflt A.D. 1746 
 
 streets, to the extent of about 50 acres. Most of this pro- 
 perty was let upon long building leases, having now about 
 40 years to expire : as they fall in, should the neighbourhood 
 retain its present character in any degree, the revenues of 
 the Hospital must benefit to a vast extent by the reversion. 
 The present annual income may thus be summed up : Rents 
 of estates, .£5,520 ; interest on .£108,388 stock, ^3,307 ; 
 benefactions, on an average of three years, £241 ; net pro- 
 duce of Chapel ditto, J687 :— total, £9,755. 
 
 The number of children succoured by the Hospital ave- 
 rages 500, who are placed out to nurse in the country whilst 
 infants, and afterwards brought to the Hospital in London, 
 where they are maintained until fifteen years of age. The 
 average annual admissions are 44. The qualification of a 
 Governor is a donation of £50. 
 
 President, the Duke of Cambridge. — Treasurer, Charles Pott, 
 Esq. — Physicians : John Spurgin, M.D.; A. Tweedie, M.D. — Sur- 
 geon, Thomas Wormald, Esq. — Apothecary, W. B. Hutchinson, 
 Esq. — Secretary, J. Brownlow, Esq. — Schoolmaster, Mr. Heine. 
 
 LOCK HOSPITAL ASYLUM AND CHAPEL, West- 
 bourne-green, Paddington (formerly Grosvenor-place). In- 
 stituted 1746.1 
 
 This excellent establishment consists of a Hospital for 
 the treatment of the peculiar disease incident to the destitute 
 class of women leading a life of vice and abandonment 2 — 
 an Asylum for their reception immediate upon their cure, 
 where they are treated with all kindness and gentleness, and 
 every effort is made to lead them into virtuous habits, and 
 restore them to society ; also a Chapel, which, besides con- 
 stituting a source of revenue to the institution of about 
 £200 a-year, after paying all its own expenses, affords the 
 valuable aid of a chaplain, devoted to the ministration and 
 instruction of the unfortunate patients and inmates. 
 
 ^ Derives its name from the Loke, or Lock, in Kent-street, Southwark, 
 which was a lazar house from a very early period. The asylum was 
 founded, in 1787, by the venerable commentator, the Rev. Thomas Scott ; 
 it then occupied a building in immediate connexion with the old hospital, 
 in Grosvenor-place. lu 1842, on the expiration of tlie lease, it was re- 
 moved to its present site, and in 1848-49, enlarged as at present. 
 
 2 Nor is it to the profligate alone that the hospital opens its doors : 
 the most pitiable objects of its care, are those who are '• wholly free from 
 criminaUty in contracting the disease for which they seek relief. Dur- 
 ing the past year, thirty-three married women, and many helpless chil- 
 dren, have received cure." — Report, 1849. 
 
99 
 
 LOCK HOSPITAL, jjptininiing il)i jFallfii. a.d. 1746 
 
 Valuable as are the operations of each of these, the insti- 
 tution must be taken as a whole, before the full extent of its 
 excellence can be realized ; and it must be borne in mind, 
 that although many similar "asylums" are described in these 
 pages, there is not one other in connexion with a hospital ; 
 but for this charity, therefore, such unfortunates as are suf- 
 fering from disease must lose all advantages offered to them 
 by any asylum or penitentiary ; these are necessarily shut 
 against the sick and dying outcast ; and for such there is no 
 complete refuge save "the Lock Hospital." 
 
 Both the hospital and asylum have recently been greatly 
 enlarged ; the governors had for many years maintained a 
 severe struggle to effect an extension of operations ; but 
 straightened means had hitherto proved an effectual draw- 
 back : endowment there is none — voluntary contributions 
 did not keep pace with their wishes. Early last year, how- 
 ever, the Duke of Cambridge gave the benefit of an auto- "^ 
 graph appeal on its behalf, others joined cordially in the 
 effort, and the success attendant thereon enabled the go- 
 vernors to admit double the number of inmates. The 
 asylum is now rendered capable of permanently accommo- 
 dating 100, and the hospital about 60. 
 
 The following is a brief summary of the past year's 
 operations : — Hospital in-patients discharged cured, 330 ; 
 remaining in the hospital, 52 ; out-patients cured, 378 ; out- 
 patients under treatment, 65. Number of inmates in the 
 asylum but 35, the extended accommodation being only just 
 available. 
 
 The cash statement shows a total reliance for support 
 upon voluntary contributions for ^2,000 per annum, as, with 
 the exception of about J160 arising from the chapel, there 
 is no other available amount. 
 
 The qualification for a governor is £50 in one payment, 
 or 6 guineas annually, entitled to recommend and have one 
 patient in the house at a time ; 2 guineas annual, or 20 
 guineas donation, may recommend one in-patient and three 
 out annually. 
 
 So long as there is room in the hospital, no person abso- 
 lutely requiring admission is refused ; but none by any re- 
 commendation will be received a second time. y 
 
 President, the Duke of Cambridge. — Treasurers, Charles Hoare, 
 Esq. ; Benjamin Bond Cabbell, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. Thomas 
 Gamier. — Physician, Augustin Sayer, Esq., M.D. — Surgeons, 
 
100 
 
 MAGDALEN HOSPITAL. CjlHlitifS fHX A.D. 1758 
 
 Edward Cutler, Esq. ; Samuel Lane, Esq. — Assistant-Surgeon, 
 Henry Lee, Esq. — Secretary, W. Irving Hare, Esq. — Matron, 
 Mrs. Clarkson. — Collector, Mr. James Bumingham, 13, Liver- 
 pool-street, King's-cross. 
 
 MAGDALEN HOSPITAL, St. Qeorge's-fields. Insti- 
 tuted 1758 — incorporated 1769. For the relief and reform- 
 ation of unfortunate females and penitent prostitutes, who 
 must apply for admission to the committee, between nine 
 and eleven, on the first Thursday in every month, by peti- 
 tion, furnished gratis to every woman who applies for it. 
 Admission is not granted during pregnancy or disease, 
 such being considered objects for other hospitals, and none 
 can be re-admitted who have once been dismissed for ill 
 conduct. The chaplain ^ is resident with his family at the 
 hospital, so that the inmates have the benefit of his undi- 
 vided care and attention ; every means are tried to recon- 
 cile the friends of those who have been deceived only, and 
 those also who promise amendment, and all who have be- 
 haved well in the house are discharged provided for. 
 
 The number of inmates at one time averages above 100 ; 
 admitted during the year, 115 ; total number admitted 
 since the hospital was established, 7,405 ; of whom 4,977 
 were restored to their friends, placed in service, or other 
 reputable and industrious situations ; 216 died, or were 
 afflicted with fits and other incurable disorders ; 1,2,36 left 
 at their own request ; 752 discharged from ill conduct ; 
 and 111 remain under care. 
 
 Three guineas per annum for five successive years, or ten 
 guineas at one time, constitute a governor. The state of 
 the funds is not published, but they are believed to be in a 
 prosperous position, and the funded property of considerable 
 extent.2 
 
 ^ The chapel of the Magdalen Hospital is well attended : morning 
 service at 11 J ; evening, 7. A collection is made upon entering, for the 
 benefit of the hospital funds. Morning preacher, Rev. Joseph Soper, 
 B.A.; evening ditto. Rev. Thomas Marlgill. 
 
 2 Amongst the names of the earliest benefactors, occurs that of Oray- 
 chund, the black merchant of Calcutta. He bequeathed, between this and 
 the Foundling Hospitals, 37,500 current rupees, to be equally divided- 
 Unfortunately, however, "a portion only of this munificent legacy could 
 be extracted from the grasp of Huzzorimal, his executor, notwithstanding 
 the zealous interference of the Governor General (Warren Hastings) and 
 other eminent functionaries. — Brownloiv'» Memoranda" 
 
101 
 
 LONDON FEMALE ^ElSilHillg tlfF ^KUBII.PENITENTIARYjISO? 
 
 President, Lord Skelmersdale. — Treasurer, Richard Baggallay, 
 Esq. — Chaplain and Secretary, Rev. Joseph Brackenbury. — Phy- 
 sician, Dr. Barlow. — Surgeons : William Coulson, Esq. ; John 
 Flint South, Esq.— Apothecary, William Perrin Brodribb, Esq. — 
 Solicitors : Henry Wordsworth, Esq. ; Thomas Dunn, Esq. — Ma- 
 tron, Mrs. Ann Champion Bourhill. 
 
 LONDON FEMALE PENITENTIARY^ PentonviUe- 
 hill. Established 1807. An asylum for females, who, having 
 deviated from the path of virtue, are desirous of being re- 
 stored, by religious instruction, and the formation of moral 
 and industrious habits, to a reputable condition in society. 
 
 The ladies' committee meet every Wednesday at eleven 
 o'clock, and receive personal applications. Previous to ad- 
 mission, it is required that a friend should undertake to 
 receive the female at the request of the committee, if she 
 become in any way disqualified to be an inmate, A person 
 from the country should bring such an undertaking with 
 her, and also a certificate of her parish settlement. 
 
 The average number of inmates is 98— at the present 
 time 100 ; 50 or 60 change during the year : thus, last year, 
 19 entered into service, 12 returned to their friends, 17 left 
 from unwillingness to stay longer, 5 removed to their pa- 
 rishes, and 3 died, or left ill. 
 
 Nearly half the amount necessary for their support is 
 met by the proceeds of the industry of the inmates in needle- 
 work and washing, amounting to ^1,049 per annum. The 
 dividends exceed ^400, and the remainder depends upon 
 voluntary support, amounting last year to ^905. 
 
 President, Earl of Chichester. — Treasurer, William Alers Han- 
 key, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev. Edward Craig, M.A., 
 Bamsbury Park. — Apsley Pellatt, Esq., Falcon Glass Works, 
 Blackfriars'-road. — Physician, J. T. Conquest, M.D. — Oculist, 
 Martin Ware, Esq. — Consulting Surgeon, G-. G. Babington, Esq. 
 — Apothecary and Surgeon, Mr. Walter Griffith.— Matron, Mrs. 
 Cooper. — Assist. Secretary, Mr. James Leach, 12, President-street 
 East. — Collector, Mr. T. Pitts, 8, Melina-place, St. John's-wood. 
 
 GUARDIAN SOCIETY, Asylum, 12, North Side, 
 Bethnal-green. Established 1824. For the preservation of 
 
 ^ Female penitentiaries. " All the remedial institutions of this class, 
 in the metropolis, taken together, provide for but 441 cases; while the 
 instances of prostitution are at least 30,000." — Quarterly Review, 1848. - 
 Vide extent oi present provision, page 96. 
 
102 
 
 GUARDIAN, A.D, 1824. ChKrillPS fill FEMALE REFUGE, 1829 
 
 public morals, by providing a temporary asylum, with suit- 
 able employment, for females who have deviated from the 
 paths of virtue, and who have either been removed, by the 
 operation of the laws, from the public streets, or been awak- 
 ened by conscience to a sense of their guilt and danger. 
 
 The total number of females who have partaken of the 
 benefits of the institution is 2,090 ; of whom 588 have been 
 restored to their friends ; 494 placed in service, or satisfac- 
 torily provided for ; and 34 are now under the care of the 
 society. 
 
 The annual expenses are under ^1,000, which are indif- 
 ferently met by voluntary contributions, the work done by 
 inmates realises nearly £400, so that a slight increase of 
 subscriptions would be suflBcient, with what is now obtained ; 
 there is no funded property beyond a small amount of £300. 
 
 One guinea or upwards per annum, or 10 guineas in one 
 year, constitutes a member. The house committee meet 
 every Monday, at half-past 5 o'clock, at the asylum ; the 
 ladies' committee on Fridays, at 11 o'clock. 
 
 President, The Lord Mayor. — Treasurer, John Labouchere, 
 Esq. — Physician, J. T. Conquest, M.D. — Surgeon, Samuel Byles, 
 Esq. — Honorary Chaplain, Rev. J. E. Keene, M.A. — Honorary 
 Secretary, Thomas Natt, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. James Brown, 29, 
 Southampton-street, Strand. — Collector, Mr. B, G. Burrows, 34, 
 Exmouth-street, Spafields. 
 
 BRITISH PENITENT FEMALE REFUGE, Cam- 
 bridge-heath, Hackney. Instituted 1829. The design of 
 this society is to afford protection to innocent females who 
 may be exposed to imminent temptation and danger, as well 
 as others who have fallen ; who are admitted into the insti- 
 tution, and suitably employed and religiously instructed, 
 with a view to fit them for useful service. 
 
 This asylum accommodates above 40 inmates at a time ; 
 during the course of a year, 80 partake of its benefits : 
 thus, in the past twelve months, 14 have been placed in 
 service, 15 restored to their friends, 3 left from ill health, 
 and 3 from inclination, and 45 are now in the asylum. From 
 the last cash statement, there appears to be an income of 
 j£l,500 per annum, which, with the exception of dividends 
 £Q, and work done by inmates £264, is derived from volun- 
 tary contributions ; this amount is sufficient to cover all 
 disbursements. 
 
103 
 
 FEMALE AID Upriaimmg tljt l^alkn. societies, 1835-6 
 
 One pound annually or upwards, or 10 guineas donation, 
 constitutes a member. 
 
 President, Earl Mountcashel. — Physician, Dr. Duesbnry. — 
 Consulting Surgeon, H. Gavin, Esq. — Surveyor, George Mali- 
 phant, Esq. — Banker, Robert Davies, Esq. — Treasurer, John 
 Dobie, Esq., 2, Raymond-buildings.— Secretary, Rev. J. Glanville, 
 Cambridge-heath, Hackney. — Collector, Mr. G. Cordelier, 8, 
 Assembly-row, Mile-end-road. — Matron, Miss Harris. 
 
 LONDON SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF 
 
 Young Females ; office, 28, New Broad-street ; asylum, 
 Tottenham. Established 1835. This charity has for its 
 objects the suppressing, by law, those houses which en- 
 courage juvenile prostitution, the punishing procurers and 
 procuresses, and the protecting their unhappy victims. Since 
 the society was established, 326 infamous houses have been 
 suppressed, and 472 females, under 15 years of age, rescued 
 from destruction, most of whom have been restored to their 
 friends, or placed in respectable service. A large house has 
 been taken at Tottenham, at which 70 young females, under 
 15 years of age, are now clothed, boarded, and educated, and 
 there is room for 30 more, so soon as funds wUl allow. 
 
 Strenuous efforts are made from time to time, in con- 
 nexion with kindred societies, to obtain acts of parliament 
 to facilitate the means of suppressing so great an abomina- 
 tion as is trading in prostitution, and secure the just punish- 
 ment of the offender. It may fairly be presumed that, as by 
 degrees, these desirable measures are obtained from the legis- 
 lature, an effectual check will be opposed to the crime, and 
 many of its attendant ramifications of evil. 
 
 The expenses exceed .£2,000 a-year ; but the whole amount 
 is defrayed by the voluntary receipts, upon which the insti- 
 tution entirely depends. 
 
 Bankers, Messrs. Hankeys. — ^Treasurer, J. Laughton, Esq. — 
 Honorary Physician, Richard Bright, Esq., M.D. — Honorary Sur- 
 geons : J. G. Sparke, Esq. ; Henry Hammond, Esq. — Secretary, 
 Mr. J. B. Talbot. — Honorary Surveyor, F. Barlow, Esq. 
 
 FEMALE AID SOCIETY} 20, Red Lion-square. Es- 
 tablished 1836, under the title of the " London Female 
 
 ^ Originally, the main object was the reclamation and restoration of 
 the fallen ; and, subsidiary to that, the protection of the friendless but 
 virtuous: now, however, the objects are reversed, and the operations are 
 directed in extent corresponding to the relative claims of the two classes, and 
 the proportionate usefulne!>s that may reasonably be hoped to be effected. 
 
104 
 
 TEMALB AID SOCIETY, CljiintifS Ut A.D. 1836 
 
 Mission," by which designation it has long been known. 
 The labours of the society now embrace two distinct and 
 important objects— ^rsf, the protection of young females of 
 good character ; and secondly, the reformation of poor out- 
 casts, who evince a sincere desire to forsake their miserable 
 course of life. To carry out these objects the following esta- 
 V blishments have been founded, which are under the direc- 
 tion and support of this society, and must not be mistaken, 
 by similarity of title, for kindred but distinct institutions : 
 
 Home for Friendless Toung Females of Good Character, 
 17, New Ormond-street. Here about 30 inmates are ad- 
 mitted at a moderate charge weekly, carefully instructed, 
 and trained for service suitable for each : in the course of 
 last year 98 were thus cared for, and provided with situa- 
 tions. Matron, Mrs. Stephens. 
 
 Home and Registry for Female Servants, 5, Millman-street, 
 Bedford-row. A similar institution, for servants out of place, 
 where they may have all the benefits of a good home for a 
 like payment ; the number of servants admitted as lodgers 
 during the year is 180, and the number supplied with situa- 
 tions 297. Superintendent, Miss Knight. 
 
 Home for Penitent Females, 57, White Lion-street. Admits 
 any penitent destitute case : the number of inmates at one 
 time, averages 56 ; admitted in the course of a year, 198. 
 Of these, the report does not give a very favourable account 
 for the past year ; it appears that " 39 left at their own re- 
 quest, 49 were dismissed, 43 remained only a few days, 30 
 were restored to their friends, 27 sent to hospitals, &c., and 
 1 married." Matron, Mrs. Kemp. 
 
 The last-mentioned is described in the report " as free 
 and open to the most friendless" ; but there is an item in 
 the cash account of " cash received for paid cases, X74 19s." 
 The other homes are also, in part, supported by payments 
 as before stated, also by the produce of needle and laundry- 
 work ; the total amount from these several sources was, 
 last year, £940, and voluntary contributions to the support 
 of the society generally £1,950. 
 
 Treasurer, Henry Pownall, Esq. — Honorary Chaplains of the 
 Home for Penitent Females : Rev. W. Short, M.A. ; Rev. W. L. 
 Faulkner, M.A. — Assistant Chaplain, Rev. J. G. Heisch. — Hono- 
 rary Physician, Isaac Pidduck, Esq., M.D. — Honorary Secretary 
 and Sub-Treasurer, W. G. M'Kellar, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Theo- 
 
105 
 
 FEMALE PENITENT UHlaillUlIg ti|B l^allfa. ASYLUMS, 1837-8 
 
 philus Smith, 20, Red-lion-square. — Collector, Mr. A. W. Stone, 
 1, Fitzroy-street, Fitzroy-square. — Bankers, Messrs. Bamett, 
 Hoares, and Co. 
 
 *^* For InstitiUions offering Homes to Servants, vide 
 chapter VII. 
 
 WESTMINSTER AND NORTH-WEST LONDON 
 
 Penitent Female Asylum, Weston House, Weston-street, St. 
 Pancras. EstabKshed 1837. For the reception of a limited 
 number of penitent females, who are instructed in religious 
 truths, and in the usual branches of a domestic service, 
 with a view to restoration to their friends, or placed out in 
 respectable situations. Since its establishment 237 inmates 
 have been received, 76 of whom have been provided with 
 situations and 36 restored to their friends ; the present num- 
 ber in the asylum is 36. 
 
 The annual income exceeds ^700 a-year ; arising from 
 voluntary contributions, with the exception of £200 realised 
 by work ; the expenses are within this amount, but increased 
 funds are required. 
 
 President, Sir W. F. Farqnhar, Bart. — Treasurer, Mr. J. Brew- 
 ster. — Honorary Secretaries : Lieutenant Blackmore, R.N. ; Mr. 
 J. R. Kilpin. — Assistant Secretary and Collector, Mr. B. Butler, 
 262, Oxford-street. 
 
 ST. MARTLEBONE FEMALE PENITENTIARY 
 
 Society, asylum, 11, Queen Charlotte-row, New Road. In- 
 stituted 1838. Its object is to promote the spiritual and 
 temporal interests of unhappy females who have deviated 
 from the paths of virtue, by providing a temporary refuge, 
 with suitable instruction and employment, in order to their 
 ultimate restoration to society. This society can receive 
 into its asylum 21 women, but, it is represented, contemplates 
 more extended usefulness, if funds can be obtained for that 
 purpose. Its internal afiairs are managed by a committee 
 of lad^i^ and it is also under the direction of a gentlemen's 
 committee, who meet monthly, or oftener if required ; no 
 printed report, it is stated, has been published for two or 
 three years, the funds being in a depressed state. 
 
 Treasurer, John Deacon, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. C. 
 Haselden.- — Honorary Physician, John Gihbs, Esq. — Honorary 
 Surgeon, A. A. H. Lattey, Esq.^ — Secretary, Mr. Tisoum, 9, Grove- 
 street, Lisson-grove. — Bankers, Sir Claude Scott and Co. 
 
106 
 
 FEMALE PROTECTION CjlHlitiBS fill SOCIETIES, A.D. 1841-43 
 
 THE SOUTH LONDON INSTITUTION for the Pro- 
 tection and Reformation of Females, and for the Suppres- 
 sion and Prevention of Vice, Gloucester House, Lock's-fields, 
 Walworth. Established 1841. Affords, primarily, an asylum 
 for females who may be desirous of abandoning a course of 
 vice ; training them in habits of religion and virtue ; and 
 has also for its objects the employing measures for the sup- 
 pression of vice and incitements to immorality, the esta- 
 blishing of homes and registries for female servants of good 
 character, and affording the means to deserving females of- 
 procuring situations ; also, of employing agents in the seve- 
 ral localities, under the direction of the clergy and local 
 committee : it being a distinct principle of the society, that 
 the religious instruction, which it is their main object to 
 impart, shall be in strict accordance with the doctrines and 
 discipline of the Established Church. 
 
 The laundry labour of the inmates, by the last report, 
 yielded more than ^400 a-year ; notwithstanding which the 
 funds are so depressed, that the committee have been obliged 
 to sell their stock, and reduce their inmates from 34 to 24, 
 until their income improves ; the present amount is under 
 £900 altogether. 
 
 One guinea annually, or 10 guineas or upwards at one 
 payment, constitutes members of the society. 
 
 President, Bishop of Winchester. — Honorary Chaplain, Rev. C. 
 Mackenzie, A.M. — Honorary Physician, H. M. Hughes, M.D. — 
 Honorary Surgeon, C. CoUambell, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Wil- 
 liams and Deacon. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev. C. Mackenzie, 
 Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, St. Olave's, Southwark ; 
 David Couty, Esq., 10, Newington-causeway, Southwark. — Col- 
 lector, Mr. L. Smith, 9, Broad-street, Horsleydown. 
 
 THE ASSOCIATE INSTITUTION for Improving 
 and Enforcing the Laws for the Protection of Women, 5, 
 Upper Charles-street, Parliament-street. Instituted 1843. 
 Formed by the co-operation of the different institutions for 
 the protection and reformation of women before referred to, 
 in order to obtain a stringent act of parliament upon the 
 subject. 
 
 The society has met with much opposition both within 
 
 and out of parliament, upon the plea that the object aimed 
 
 ^^ at should be accomplished rather by moral than by legal 
 
 means, and a great deal from those who maintain that the 
 
 evils endeavoured to be overcome are necessary evils. The 
 
107 
 
 BRIDEWELL IRrfflniimg CrimJiialg. hospital, 1553 
 
 society also, in their last report, assert " the system of pro- 
 curation, &c., is shielded by invisible patronage ; which has 
 hitherto baffled all their efforts and all the energies of their 
 friends in both houses of Parliament". During last year, 
 the society was, however, enabled to achieve their object, in 
 part, by the passing of the act in July — " To protect women 
 from fraudvlent practices for procuring their ruin"; and 
 this act it is their present aim to enforce and. carry out.i 
 
 The present income arises wholly from voluntary contri- 
 butions, and amounts to nearly £1,000 per annum. 
 
 Bankers, Messrs. Couttsand Co. — Treasurer, B. Bond Cabbell, 
 Esq., M.P. — Honorary Solicitors, Messrs. Dean, Leeka, and Red- 
 path, 13, St. Swithin's-lane. — Secretary, Mr. H. J. Newman. — 
 Travelling Secretary, Mr. J. Harding. — Agent, Mr. J. Evenden. 
 
 BRIDEWELL HOSPITAL, Bridge-street, Blackfriars. 
 Founded by Edward VI.2 The charter of this hospital was 
 granted to bestow on the city a prison, for the purpose of 
 confining prisoners sentenced by the Lord Mayor or City 
 Aldermen ; the other object of the charter was the institu- 
 tion of arts' masters and their apprentices ; but when me- 
 chanics were spread over the kingdom, the utility of this 
 part of the institution became of less value, and the go- 
 vernors, as far as was consistent with the charter, made that 
 institution a school of general education : this is now termed 
 the House of Occupation, and is situated in St. George's- 
 fields, near Bethlem Hospital, where the honest and indus- 
 trious poor, and especially the young, are being instructed in 
 useful trades ; and the great objects of moral reform, as con- 
 templated by the original charter, are provided for on an 
 enlarged scale. 
 
 The number of persons remaining in the " house" at one 
 time, is generally about 200 ; and the number discharged in 
 the course of the year, averages 70, of whom the most satis- 
 factory accounts, as represented by the governors, are re- 
 ceived, respecting their future progress and conduct.3 
 
 1 Act 12 and 13 Victoria, cap. 76.— 28th July, 1849. 
 
 Bridewell Hospital. Vide remarks at coramencement of chapter p. 96. 
 
 ^ Bridewell was originally the name of a royal palace of King John, 
 near Fleet-ditch; it was huilt anew hy Henry VIII inlo52, and bestowed 
 on the City by Edward VI, in 1653. " It derives its name from the ori- 
 ginal foundation being adjacent to Bride's Well." — Haydn. 
 
 3 Mr. Dixon, in his recent work upon the London prisons, speaks of 
 
108 
 
 BRIDEWELL Cjiarife tUX HOSPITAL, A.D. 1553 
 
 The affairs of the hospital are governed by the same com- 
 mittee that manage Bethlem Hospital, to which it is united, 
 as one of the royal hospitals of the city of London. The 
 conimittee meet every Friday. The returns for the past year 
 are as follow : — Commitments by the Lord Mayor and Alder- 
 men as criminal or disorderly persons, 1,016 ; apprentices 
 sent by the Chamberlain for solitary confinement, 28 ; poor 
 persons committed for wandering abroad and begging, 274 ; 
 total, 1,318. 
 
 President, Sir Peter Laurie. — Treasurer, John E. Johnson* 
 Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Poynder, M.A.— Surgeon, Wil- 
 liam Lawrence, Esq. — Superintendent, Captain Adams. — Clerk, 
 B. Welton, Esq. — Solicitor, R. Still, Esq. — Superintendent to House 
 of Occupation, Mr. Joseph Myall. — Steward, Mr. N. Nicholls. — 
 Matron of the Hospital, Mrs. P. Holland. — Matron of the House 
 of Occupation, Mrs. E. Simpson. 
 
 Bridewell prison in terms of unqualified disapprobation as a prison for 
 criminals ; and affords another testimony to Howard's assertion, even in 
 this our own day, that (such) prisons are but universities of crime ; he 
 sums up by exclaiming : " Three months' imprisonment here is enough 
 to ruin any child for life ; the boy must have powerful elements of 
 good in him, who can leave it no worse for ninety days' contact with its 
 contaminations." How refreshing then is it, when giving the results of 
 an examination of this " House of Occupation," he thus describes its de- 
 tails ; — and as the evidence of an impartial visitor, it cannot be deemed 
 out of place here : — " If anything could atone for the faults of the City 
 Bridewell, it would be this institution. The majority of its scholars 
 have not been in prison, the minority have, — in the Bridewell. Children 
 who are idle, unruly, disposed to be troublesome to the community, are 
 educated and instructed in a trade, and are placed in situations, or per- 
 mitted to go home to their parents, on the latter making proper applica- 
 tion. The instruction given to them is sound and practical ; the disci- 
 pline enforced, strict, but not rigid ; and the general results, highly 
 successful. The boys are taught trades ; at present there is one or more 
 learning each of these useful employments — engineering, painting, tailor- 
 ing, shoemaking, masonry, brewing, baking, carpentery, ragmaking, rope- 
 making. The girls are being taught every species of domestic art, and 
 great care taken with their minds; they are said to make admirable 
 domestic servants, and very rarely indeed does one turn out ill. They are 
 in great request, there being usually from twelve to twenty applications 
 for servants on the books of the institution." 
 
 The magistrates have the power of removing from Bridewell to this 
 House of Occupation ; and by this change of scene, this removal from old 
 haunts, old comrades, and old temptations, hundreds of poor boys are 
 placed in a position for becoming useful and productive, instead of dan- 
 
109 
 
 PHILANTHROPIC Hrfflmiiiig Criniiiials. society, a.d. itbs 
 
 PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETY, Redstone-hill,^ near 
 Reigate, Surrey. Instituted 1788. lacorporated 1806. 
 The object of this society, when existing in St. George's- 
 fields, was to prevent and diminish crime, by receiving 
 within its walls, and instructingjn the knowledge of Chris- 
 tianity and the practice of a useful branch of industry, 
 the destitute offspring of convicted felons who have been 
 sentenced to death or transportation ; and boys, themselves 
 
 gerous and expensive members of society. We agree with Mr. DizoD, 
 — " would that we had more such institutions !" 
 
 Strictly speaking, these two establishments are not comprehended in 
 the intention of our work ; but, desirous of avoiding the omission of any- 
 thing that it may with reason be consulted for, they are inserted, partak- 
 ing so much as they do of the character of " Penitentiaries and Schools 
 of Reform." 
 
 MILLBANK PRISON [late) GENERAL PENITENTIARY, 
 Millbank. Established ISl 6. An establishment originally for the reforma- 
 tion and employment of persons convicted of minor offences, but now 
 used as a temporary depot for convicts, previous to their consignment to 
 the various government penitentiaries and dock yards. In the course of 
 the year, from 4 to 5,000 prisoners pass through, and the average num- 
 ber of inmates at one time is 1,500 The outer wall encloses no less 
 than 18 acres of ground ; and the corridors in which the cells are situate, 
 are nearly three miles in length ; it is fitted up with a chapel, infir- 
 mary, etc. The whole is under the superintendence of a committee 
 appointed by government. .A.n order from the secretary of state is requi- 
 site to see the interior. 
 
 Secretary, R. C. Dawson, Esq. — Governor, Captain John R. Groves. 
 — Chaplain, Rev. J. Penney. — -\ssistant Chaplain, Rev. Richard Yer- 
 burgh. — Medical Superintendent, William Baly, M.D. — Resident Sur- 
 geon, James D. Rendle, Esq. — Steward, Mr. Thomas Rickford. — Chief 
 Clerk, Mr. Charles Forster. — Clerk to Manufactories, Mr. M. Day. 
 
 MODEL PRISON, Peutonville. Established 1843. For the de- 
 tention of persons remanded from police offices, and awaiting trials. The 
 prison contains 1,000 separate cells, for the purpose of keeping prisoners 
 entirely apart. The inmates are taught useftil trades ; and the cost of 
 each person is about los. a-week. The total expense of the building was 
 ^£84,168 Us. 2d. The first stone was laid April 10, 1840. 
 
 Commissioners : Duke of Richmond ; Earl of Devon ; Earl of Chi- 
 chester ; Sir W. Molesworth ; B. Hawes, Esq. ; Lieut Col. W. Jebb ; 
 Capt. O'Brien ; H. P. V'oules, Esq. — Secretary, W. H. Weaver, Esq. — 
 Governor, Robert Hosking, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. Joseph RingsmilL- - 
 Steward and Manufacturer, Mr. W. Gibbs. 
 
 ^ For upwards of 60 years in St. George's-fields, where it was insti- 
 tuted 1788 ; incorporated 1806. The farewell anniversary meeting was 
 held at the old institution, October 28, 1849. 
 
no 
 
 BRITISH ladies' CljSriliPS ffll SOCIETY, A.D. 1821 
 
 guilty of oiFending the laws. These same objects are still 
 held in view, but carried out by employing the lads at 
 the Farm School, Red-hill. The chief purpose in this 
 change appears to be to afford them a training more adapted 
 for useful and acceptable emigrants. The committee state, 
 in their farewell address to the London establishment : "they 
 had to choose between the gradual extinction of the charity, 
 and the remodelling or establishing it upon a different sys- 
 tem ; they have felt, therefore, they should best carry out 
 the views of its founders, by instituting the important ex- 
 periment now attempted." 
 
 Juvenile offenders who are eligible as to health, age, <fec., 
 can be placed in the Society's Reform School on payment of 
 .£16 per annum, or of a donation of .£21, from parties in- 
 terested in their reformation, if there is no vacancy on the 
 free list. 
 
 Twenty guineas paid at one time, or a subscription of 
 1 guinea or more annually, constitutes the subscriber a 
 member. 
 
 President, the Duke of Richmond. — Treasurer, William Glad- 
 stone, Esq., 7, Austin Friars. — Resident Chaplain and Secretary, 
 Rev. Sidney Turner. — Physician, Dr. G. H. Barlow. — Consulting 
 Surgeon, Edward Cock, Esq. — Steward, Mr. James Dingle. — Col- 
 lector, Mr. S. G. Watson. 
 
 SOCIETY FOR THE IMPRO VEMENT OF PRISON 
 
 Discipline and Reformation of Juvenile Offenders. Founded 
 1815. The main objects of this society have long since been 
 attained ; it was the organ of much of the exertions of Mr. 
 Buxton, Mrs. Fry, and others ; and many of the improve- 
 ments in prison discipline, over the abuses existing at the 
 commencement of the century, may be justly traced to its 
 operation. 
 
 Until within the past few years it was still in operation, 
 to a limited extent, with an office at 27, Surrey-street, Strand. 
 This address is still retained, but no information whatever is 
 afforded, or the slightest clue where the same may be ob- 
 tained ; consequently the inference must be drawn, that vir- 
 tually, at least, its operations are suspended. 
 
 THE BRITISH LADIES SOCIETY, Friends' Meet- 
 ing-house, St. Martin's-lane, Charing-cross. Established 
 ISiil.i For promoting the reformation of female prisoners. 
 
 1 How sadly the need must have been felt for institutions of this cha- 
 racter, abnut the time of its establishment, may be gathered from the fol- 
 lowing extract of a Parliamentary report of 1814, respecting the ful- 
 
•" 
 
 m 
 
 BEPVGE FOE THE ^Rrfntming Criminals. destitute, isss 
 
 This is attempted by the ladies frequently visiting them whilst 
 in prison, and imparting to them moral and religious instruc- 
 tion. In connexion with this society there are many local 
 associations, in various parts of the kingdom, all communi- 
 cating with the parent society ; and very much good is 
 doubtless effected by these means, in a quiet unostentatious 
 manner, and at little expense, being effected mostly by the 
 devoted exertions of the ladies engaged. Cases holding out 
 a prospect of reformation, have it often confirmed by their 
 removal, at the instance of the sub-committee, to the " Refuge 
 for the Destitute," or other schools of reform. The whole 
 amount of expenses scarcely exceed ,£300, and depend on 
 voluntary contributions, with the exception of about J50 
 dividends. 
 
 Treasurers : Lady Buxton ; Miss Wood. — Bankers : Messrs. 
 Williams and Co. ; Messrs. Couy^, and Co.— Secretaries : Miss 
 Fry, Plashet, Essex ; Miss Robarts, Burnet, Herts ; Miss Forster, 
 Tottenham. — Collector, Mr. C. Gordelier, 92, Fenchurch-street. 
 
 REFUGE FOR THE DESTITUTE, Manor House, K^ 
 Dalston. Founded 1804 ; incorporated 1838. For the moral 
 and religious reformation of female criminals ; until lately 
 in the Hackney-road.' By combining kindness of treat- 
 ment with strictness of discipline, and habits of unremitting 
 industry with constant moral and religious instruction, the 
 committee of management have produced the happiest results 
 amongst the young women who are the objects of their care ; 
 and as many as 2100 have experienced its benefits. Since 
 the removal of the establishment here, buildings have been 
 erected for carrying on the industrial occupations. The house 
 is arranged to accommodate 40 inmates, and it is proposed 
 
 filinent of the chaplain's duties, in retnm for an income of £300 a-year. 
 They are thus described : — " Beyond his attendance in chapel and on 
 
 those who are sentenced to death, Dr. feels but few duties attached 
 
 to his office ; he knows nothing of the state of morah in the prison ; he 
 never saw any of the prisoners in private ; though 14 boys and girls, 
 from 9 to 13 years old, were there on an average in April last ; he does not 
 consider attention to them as part of his duty ; he never knows that any 
 have been sick till he gets a warning to attend their funeral; and does 
 not go to the infirmary, for it is not in his instructions." 
 
 ^ Until within the past year consisted of two distinct establishments, 
 the male refuge at Hoxton, the female at Hackney. In consequence of 
 the withdrawal of the government grant of J3,000 per annum, the former 
 has been abandoned, and the latter removed as above. 
 
 The following interesting returns, furnished by the respective chap- 
 
112 
 
 FEMALE PHILANTHROPIC CjfHntiPS ffll A.D. 1822 
 
 soon to extend this for 50 or 60 more. In the present state 
 of the establishment, it is difficult to arrive at the income ; 
 but the whole amount required for the extended operations, 
 to be raised from voluntary contributions, may be stated at 
 ^1,000 ; the remaining expenses being met by the present 
 dividends and the work of the inmates. 
 
 One guinea annual, or 10 guineas at one time, or within 
 a year, constitutes a Governor. 
 
 President, the Marquis of Lansdowne. — Treasurer, Edward 
 Forster, Esq. — Chaplain and Secretary, Rev. Samuel Cutler 
 Hooley. — Physician, Frederick Cobb, M.D. — Surgeon, William 
 Jones Lewis, Esq. — Solicitors, Messrs. Dunn and Wordsworth. — 
 Mistress Superintendent, Mrs. Francis. 
 
 ROYAL FEMALE PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETY,^ 
 Manor Hall, Little Chelsea, Fulham-road. Instituted 1822. 
 Office, 19, Lincoln's-inn-fields, For the reformation of female 
 prisoners, and to affiard protection to those who, destitute of 
 a home on being released from confinement, and without a 
 refuge, are in danger of adopting their old courses. 
 
 The asylum is divided into three wards ; the first is for 
 young persons who have committed their first act of disho- 
 nesty, but are not otherwise depraved ; the second, an inter- 
 mediate class, who have been discharged for dishonesty from 
 their situations, but have not undergone the ordeal of a 
 gaol ; the third class is for the ignorant and destitute who 
 
 lains of the following metropolitan prisons, show that no less than 7,000 
 females are annually discharged from them alone. What an evidence in 
 favour of the continuance, upon an extended scale, of the henefits of this 
 excellent Refuge, as well as of the succeeding Philantliropic Society. 
 House of Correction, Cold -bath-fields • , . 2078 
 „ „ Westminster .... 2446 
 
 „ „ Brixton . . . .970 
 
 Giltspur-street Compter . . . . . .811 
 
 Horsemonger-lane Gaol ...... 437 
 
 Bridewell Hospital . . • . . . 461 
 
 7193 
 ^ Tliis institution was originated under the title of " The Westminster 
 Asylum," founded by Miss Neave, aided by the late Mrs. Fry ; in 1837 
 it was removed to the present asylum, as" The Royal Asylum for Desti- 
 tute Females," and last year altered to its present designation. The fund 
 lately attached to this institution as the " Elizabeth Fry memorial," con- 
 templates, when brought into operation, " the temporary reception of 
 every destitute discharged female prisoner." 
 
113 
 
 sheriffs' Fuyp. Hrfnntiing CrnnmaJs. a.d. isos 
 
 have never been amenable to the laws. These several classes 
 are placed under the care of a matron and four assistants, 
 by whom they are taught and actively employed in needle- 
 work, washing, cooking, and other household work. The time 
 of detaining the inmates depends on circumstances ; the 
 usual time allowed for probation is two years. The establish- 
 ment is capable of accommodating 50 inmates ; and since its 
 establishment, 749 females have been received: and now 
 that the Philanthropic Society has removed from St. George's- 
 fields, there is but one institution of the same character in 
 the neighbourhood of the metropolis. The whole amount of 
 expenditure is ^1,200 per annum, and the present income 
 about £900, of which £360 is raised by the labour of the 
 inmates. Through the exertions of a few individuals, the 
 recent debt of about .£600 has been discharged ; and £400 
 further has been collected as the nucleus of the larger fund 
 required to secure the permanence of the institution. Non- 
 subscribers may recommend an inmate on payment of one 
 guinea, and the friends of the young person, if able, are ex- 
 pected to contribute a small sum weekly for her support. 
 
 Patron, the Queen. — Treasurer, Miss Neave, Thurlow-lodge, 
 Clapham. — Hon. Secretary, James Beaumont, Esq., 19, Lincoln's- 
 inn-fields. — Hon. Chaplain, Kev. Wm. Cadman. 
 
 SHERIFFS' FUND, Sessions House, Old Bailey. 
 Founded 1808. Chiefly for the assistance of those persons 
 who, urged by distress, have erred from the paths of honesty, 
 and are discharged at the end of each session, or after short 
 terms of imprisonment ; when, without some aid, they would 
 be driven to the commission of fresh crimes; — to afford to 
 others who have conducted themselves well during their 
 confinement a conveyance home to their relatives and friends 
 at a distance, and thereby enable them to quit the metro- 
 polis before they are again tempted to commit crime ; — also 
 to supply female convicts, sent abroad, with a few necessaries, 
 and some means of employment during the voyage. 
 
 Considerable assistance to emigrate has been rendered to 
 young female prisoners upon their release, and, from fre- ' 
 quent information received, with the happiest results ; these 
 facilities are likewise extended to debtors. The fund, which 
 is distributed under the fostering care of the sheriffs for the 
 time being, is mainly supported by the benevolent ; and in 
 consequence of the jurisdiction of the Central Criminal Court 
 
 8 
 
114 
 
 Cjiaritirs fnr rrfnnning Crimiolg. 
 
 over the populous parts of the counties of Essex, Kent, and 
 Surrey, in addition to the city of London and the county of 
 Middlesex, the claims upon its bounty are materially in- 
 creased. 
 
 A subscription of 1 guinea annually, or 10 guineas in one 
 donation, constitutes a member. The committee meet the 
 first Monday of every sessions. 
 
 Presidents, the Sheriffs for the time being. — Treasurer, J. K. 
 Hooper, Esq., Alderman. — Honorary Secretary, Rev. J. Davis. — 
 Bankers, Bank of England. 
 
115 
 
 ll?in;iting tti^ Drstitnte. remarks. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 CHARITIES FOR THE RELIEF OF THE 
 DESTITUTE AND DISTRESSED. 
 
 Institutions affording immediate Food and Shelter. — The Mendicity. — 
 The Nightly Shelters for the Houseless. — The contemplated Sama- 
 ritan Society. — Coal, Bread, and Soup Societies. — Institutions for 
 visiting, investigating, and relieving the Necessitous. — The Strangers' 
 Friend. — The General District Visiting Society. — The New General 
 Association. — Local Visiting Societies. 
 
 A STRANGER to London destitution — one ignorant of the ex- 
 tent of its poor, the importunity of its mendicants, and the 
 variety of their impositions, would gaze almost with astonish- 
 ment at the comprehensive character of the institutions 
 whose objects and operations are detailed in this chapter. 
 But, on the other hand, suited as they are to the peculiar 
 necessities of this great city, and successfully as many of 
 them undoubtedly cope with a large measure of its distress, 
 yet their very existence must often appear as apocryphal, to 
 those who have the daily evidence of our streets before them. 
 The exertions to relieve metropolitan distress, and to detect 
 the undeserving, are, in truth, very extensive, and their ope- 
 rations beneficial : but if the supply is good, so, exceeding 
 great is the need. 
 
 The Jirst class of these institutions have respect to the 
 immediate relief of the casual destitute ; they who meet you 
 with such tales of misery and want, that you feel it hardly 
 human to pass without yoxir modicum of alms, and yet who 
 excite within you such a feeling of mistrust, that you doubt, 
 when bestowing the solicited gratuity, whether you are not 
 
116 
 
 Cjiarife fnr 
 
 assisting to maintain a relief, as injurious in its system as it 
 is demoralizing in its results : in fact, deep as the distress of 
 many of those whom we daily meet undoubtedly is, yet the 
 disclosures of imposition occur so constantly, that there must 
 exist in the mind of every man the hesitation, when relieving 
 a beggar, " whether he is ferf arming an act of mercy, or per- 
 petrating a crime" : and there would be a far larger amount 
 given in casual relief — few indeed would, we believe, be 
 solicited in vain — but for this reluctance to be deceived, 
 this hesitation to afford premiums to idleness. WhUst draw- 
 ing attention to the charitable objects of these institutions, 
 we can scarcely be accused by the most enthusiastic advo- 
 cate of eleemosynary relief, of being indifferent to distress 
 or opposed to the exercise of charity; and it is with the 
 simple desire of representing how adapted they are to be the 
 almoners of even casual bounty, that these few remarks are 
 premised ; and it is to afford their details a practical bearing 
 upon the distress to be relieved, that we thus divide them. 
 
 The seco7id class will be found to consist of such as investi- 
 gate and relieve the distressed at their own homes, according 
 to their relative merits. 
 
 The assistance of charities of i\iQ first class, forms the de- 
 sirable resource of the destitute ; the second c\a,3s, of those suf- 
 fering under the temporary pressures of misfortune. The 
 former cases of distress are chiefly casual, wandering, and 
 mixed with more or less of the character of mendicancy ; the 
 latter local, uncomplaining, and oftener deserving. 
 
 Both classes of institutions are equally deserving the sup- 
 port of the benevolent : the former represented by such as 
 the Mendicity Society, and the various dep6ts for food and 
 shelter ; the latter, by the Strangers' Friend, and the com- 
 bined Associations for promoting parochial and local dis- 
 trict visiting. 
 
 1st. Respecting the Mendicity Society, it will be seen 
 that its objects are two-fold — the immediate relief with food 
 of every person applying to them holding a ticket, which is 
 far better to give to the really distressed than alms ; also 
 the investigation of every case of distress sent to them for 
 inquiry by subscribers, and reporting on its merits. As re- 
 gards this provision for the casual distressed, can any plan 
 be conceived more systematic and comprehensive 1 We com- 
 mend it, as well as the kindred societies for affording shelter 
 and food, to the best consideration of the charitable. 
 
117 
 
 2nd. The Strangers' Friend Society, the oldest institu- 
 tion of the kind, the local visiting societies, and the excel- 
 lent Association, of later date, for combining their operations 
 and enhancing their efficiency, next come under considera- 
 tion ; and whether they are regarded as distinct and separate 
 efforts upon behalf of the distressed of their respective loca- 
 lities, or whether as parts of a valuable system, based upon 
 our parochial organization, they equally demand general 
 support. Certainly they have this peculiar claim upon us 
 over others, that, instead of assisting the more obtrusive and 
 clamorous, and leaving the sensitive and retiring to their 
 fate, these seek out, in the spirit of the Church of England 
 Liturgy, " to succour, help, and comfort, all that are in 
 danger, necessity, or tribulation" ; and this in the true 
 spirit of charity, irrespective of creed or sect ; upon the 
 large catholic principle of Christian love. 
 
 In affording contributions to funds of this character, the 
 benevolent will do well to draw one distinction between the 
 claims of parent societies, like the "Strangers' Friend" and 
 the "District Visiting Association" — and that of local so- 
 cieties : in the latter case, such districts as are densely popu- 
 lated and require aid should be selected for assistance ; for, 
 although as a general rule it may be argued that each indi- 
 vidual should contribute to his own local society, it will not 
 always be just implicitly to adhere to it, unless the relative 
 proportions of wealth and poverty were the same in all dis- 
 tricts ; and it being notoriously the reverse, the charitable 
 of Belgravia must help the funds of Bethnal-green. This, in 
 our humble opinion, is a great constituent motive for gene- 
 rously supporting the parent societies ; as they, in their turn, 
 assist the local funds according to proportionate need. 
 
 The charities described in this chapter may thus be sum- 
 med up : — 
 
 14 of a general character, with three excep- 
 tions all established within the last forty 
 years ; 12 of which are in active opera- 
 tion, with an aggregate annual income of £23,880 
 
 Including from voluntary contributions . £20,646 
 
 Besides which, 7 are selected merely as ex- 
 amples of local charities for similar pur- 
 
118 
 
 THE MENDICITY CljHrifeS fol SOCIETY, A.D. 1818 
 
 SOCIETY FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF MEN- 
 DICITY, 13, Red Lion-square. Established 1818. For the 
 purpose of checking the practice of public mendicity, by 
 putting the laws in force against impostors who adopt it as 
 a trade, and affording immediate assistance to those who are 
 in real distress. The plan of the institution consists in the 
 issue of printed tickets, to be given to street-beggars instead 
 of money ; which tickets refer them to the society's office, 
 where their cases are investigated,^ and such immediate relief 
 granted as may appear desirable. One guinea annually, 
 constitutes a member, entitled to one hundred tickets for 
 distribution in the course of the year. 
 
 A system of inquiry into the merits of persons who are in 
 the habit of begging by letter, has been incorporated with 
 the society's proceedings ; and subscriptions of 2 guineas 
 per annum, or donations of 20 guineas and upwards at one 
 time, entitle to refer such letters to the office for investiga- 
 tion, it being understood that the eventual grant of relief 
 rests with the subscriber sending the case. 
 
 The annual expenditure in relief is betAveen ^2,000 and 
 £3,000. The number of cases of mendicancy investigated last 
 year was 1,161, about the average ; the number of vagrants 
 committed, 979 ; the number of begging letters investigated 
 and reported upon, 6,747, under the average ; and the num- 
 ber of meals given, 148,661. The whole amount of income is 
 under £5,000 a-year, derived from voluntary contributions, 
 with the exception of £70 dividends, and about £130 from 
 work. 
 
 President, the Mairquis of Westminster. — Treasurer, Samuel 
 Bosanquet, Esq. — Assistant Manager, Capt. J. F. L. Wood, R.N., at 
 the Society's house, Red Lion-square.^ — Hon. Solicitor, William 
 Tooke, Esq.— Collector, Mr. Bumingham. — Chief Constable, Mr. 
 William Horsford. — Chief Clerk, Mr. J. Hemment. 
 
 ^ From the great and increasing number of applicants for the relief of 
 this charity, the Committee have found it necessary recently to pass a law 
 limiting it to such as have been in London at least six months ; the im- 
 mediate effect of this being to prevent an accession of beggars from Ireland 
 and the provinces. 
 
 2 Capt. Wood's predecessor, Mr. T. L. Knevitt, lost his life in the ser- 
 vice of the Society, in 1848, from typhus fever, together with five other 
 officers of the Society ; as mentioned in last report. 
 
119 
 
 THE NIGHTLY HrliBfliHg tlj2 DBStitllfe. SHELTERS, 1822 
 
 THE NIGHTL Y SHELTER TO THE HO USELESS, 
 75, Old Broad-street. Established 1822. The object of this 
 charity is to afford nightly shelter to the houseless, and tem- 
 porary relief to the destitute during the winter. The central 
 asylum for the houseless poor is in Playhouse-yard, White- 
 cross-street ; the eastern asylum, in Glasshouse-street, East 
 Smithfield.i These asylums are generally open for reception 
 early in January to the end of March : during that time last 
 season, 27,987 nights' lodgings, and 89,933 rations of bread, 
 were afforded to 7,584 individuals, in the central asylum, at 
 a cost of about £770 : 22,772 lodgings, and 94,100 rations, to 
 7,292 persons, at the second asylum, costing about ^600. 
 The late western asylum, in Ogle-street, Marylebone, was 
 not opened last season.2 On Sundays, there is Divine Service 
 at each asylum twice, and every attention is paid to the com- 
 fort of the poor inmates, as far as practicable. The funds, 
 however, are represented as in a failing state, the funded 
 stock having fallen from ^10,000 to ^3,500. The amount of 
 voluntary contributions average at the present time £1,500 
 per annum. 
 
 President, the Lord Mayor. — Treasurer, John Labouchere, Esq. 
 — Chairmen of the diflferent Boards : C. W. Hicks, Wm. Edwards, 
 Thomas Roberts, and Nathaniel Gould, Esqrs. 
 
 WEST-END NIGHTLY REFUGE for the HOUSE- 
 LESS, 60, Market-street, Paddington. Commenced, 1838, as 
 a private speculation ; but by the energy of its management 
 and extent of usefulness, has attained considerable claims 
 upon the benevolent, and is now under the direction of a 
 committee. The refuge remains open throughout the winter, 
 commencing each 1st of December, and is nominally for the 
 accommodation of 200 ; but during great part of the season 
 this is increased to nearly 300, it being impossible some nights 
 to limit the number without rejecting many, at a risk of their 
 
 ^ The East London Model Lodging-house is unconnected in manage- 
 ment with this society, hut consists of this asylum when " closed for the 
 season"; women and children are then received at the charge of Id. 
 nightly. Mr. Robert Bowie, jun., manager. Office for tickets, 6, Wine- 
 ofBce-court, Fleet-street. 
 
 ^ The parochial authorities having opened such an asylum under the 
 provisions of the Act 7th and 8th Victoria, c. 101, by which they are 
 " empowered to establish, within the metropolis and its environs, district 
 asylums for the temporary relief, and setting to work of, the destitute, 
 houseless poor." 
 
120 
 
 HOUSE OF CHARITY, CjjftritiCS ffll A.D. 1846 
 
 perishing. The relief afforded, is ; for supper, half a pound of 
 bread and a pint and a half of soup, bedding in well-warmed 
 dormitories, and a breakfast of half a pound of bread and a 
 pint of warm milk ; hot water and soap are also supplied 
 night and morning. A ward for the sick has also been fitted 
 up. During the past season 21,033 destitute persons, it is 
 stated, have received the full benefits of the institution. 
 
 The funds are supported wholly by voluntary contribu- 
 tions, which amounted last year to upwards of £700 ; half 
 of this was spent in food ; ^270 for rent, repairs, beds, coals, 
 and attendance, and the remainder for management. 
 
 A subscriber of 1 guinea is entitled to 42 tickets ; each 
 ticket to admit one person, applying from 5 till 8 o'clock ; 
 after which hour, any poor person will be immediately ad- 
 mitted without. 
 
 Treasurer, Edward Brashier, Esq. — Surgeon, John Robinson, 
 Esq. — Manager, Mr. George Guyenette, 60, Market-street, Edg- 
 ware-road. 
 
 HOUSE OF CHARITY FOR DISTRESSED PER- 
 SONS in London, 9, Rose-street, Soho. Established 1846, 
 for the following purposes : — First, to afford temporary 
 relief to deserving persons specially recommended ; as, for 
 example, patients discharged from hospitals, unable to do 
 full work, or to obtain, without assistance, the necessaries 
 of life. Such as have, by no fault of their own, been thrown 
 out of work ; also such as are dependent upon them. Females, 
 who require a respite from work, having no friends in Lon- 
 don, and waiting either for the means or the opportunity 
 to emigrate, can be received on probation. "Secondly, 
 to enable persons whose time is much occupied, as well as 
 those who have more leisure, to cooperate in works of charity 
 under fixed regulations." 
 
 Those persons only are admitted for relief who bring with 
 them satisfactory recommendations, or are ascertained to be 
 fit objects. The relief given consists of food and lodging, 
 and other needful assistance, personal kindness, advice, and 
 instruction, as each individual case may require. The 
 number of inmates is necessarily limited to 40 ; but, since 
 the opening of the house, in January 1847, it is stated, 
 there have been admitted more than 40 persons, including 
 25 families and 58 children. Of these the greater part, on 
 leaving the house, have obtained employment ; others sent 
 home, or, requiring medical aid, transferred to the London 
 
121 
 
 A CONTEMPLATED ^plijUJUg tljt DfStitKtB. SAMARITAN SOC^" 
 
 hospitals, Bath Hospital, or Infirmary at Margate. Some 
 few discharged for misconduct or irregularity, and 100 en- 
 abled to emigrate to the colonies, aided by funds of money 
 and clothing, raised through the medium of the house. 
 There is a chapel in the house, with daily service. 
 
 Visitor, the Bishop of London. — Warden, the Rev. G. C. White, 
 B.A.— Honorary Secretary, Lieut. -Col. Short, 1, Albert-terrace, 
 Knightsbridge. — Treasurer, J. R. Kenyon, Esq., 11, New-square, 
 Lincoln's-inn. — Bankers, Messrs. Hoare and Messrs. Cocks and 
 Biddulph. 
 
 TEE SAMARITAN SOCIETY OF ENGLAND. It 
 
 is to be regretted is at present only such in design. From 
 the prospectus issued, it endeavours to comprehend in its 
 object the following extensive and desirable measures : — 
 
 " To establish cheap lodging-houses and dormitories for the 
 necessitous poor, and refuges for the destitute, under the 
 arches of the Metropolitan Railway Viaducts, and in other 
 localities, open to all, at all seasons. 
 
 "To form committees in the metropolis, and in every county 
 town in the kingdom, to be in communication with clergy- 
 men of every village, and with all charitable institutions, 
 which will enable the society to detect impostors, and check 
 vagrancy. 
 
 " To shelter and reclaim discharged felons." 
 
 We fear this must be deemed almost too large an attempt 
 to end practically, unless fostered by Government aid ; it 
 may be, however, by thus drawing attention to it, we shall 
 contribute our co-operation to the object ; it has our best 
 wishes. The first and, to us, the most immediately feasible 
 operations are such as may thus be reduced into detail : 
 and it would be certainly worth the trial — to rent, say four 
 or five — arches of the various railway companies ; Lambeth, 
 Southwark, Minories, and Bethnal-green. The arches in 
 each district might be formed into compartments for men 
 and women ; warmed with hot water, lighted with gas, well 
 ventUated, and under the supervision of the police. 
 
 The First Class furnished with iron bedsteads, flock mat- 
 tresses, blankets ; and the charge 2d. per night, or Is. per 
 week. Second Class fitted up with slanting-boards, such as 
 are used by soldiers in their guard-rooms, with pillows and 
 warm rugs, and the charge Id. per night. And a Third 
 Class merely furnished with clean straw, and accessible to 
 
122 
 
 CITY ASSOCIATION CjjHnfe fHf A.D. 1798 
 
 all in the winter. Each district might thus furnish 120 beds, 
 and would, after the first expense, undoubtedly prove self- 
 supporting ; 100 persons sheltered nightly would realise 
 nearly £200 per annum. This rough outline would be soon 
 improved upon, and the details for moral and religious influ- 
 ences carried out to a considerable extent. 
 
 Some of the Second Class Arches might, in the day time, 
 be converted into schools. Their capability for such pur- 
 poses has been tested by the Rev. Mr. Queckett, who has 
 leased three arches of the Blackwall Railway, at the small 
 rent of J20 per annum, in which nearly 600 children re- 
 ceive daily instruction. 
 
 The only name to the prospectus bearing the above desig- 
 nation is that of Mr. Noel H. Robinson, 18, Holland-street, 
 North Brixton, to whom such as are interested in the plan, 
 or desirous of carrying it out, are thereby requested to com- 
 municate. 
 
 ASSOCIATION FOR THE RELIEF OF THE POOR 
 
 of tlie City of London and Parts adjacent. OflBce, 43, Bow- 
 lane, Cheapside. Instituted 1798. Familiarly known as " The 
 City Kitchen." This institution was formed at the end of 
 the last century, during a season of much destitution, by 
 the exertions of Mr. Farrand, of Cheapside ; Mr. Phipps, of 
 Weavers' Hall ; Mr. Lott, the father of the present secretary; 
 and the late Rev. W. Goode, the amiable and respected pas- 
 tor of St. Anne, Blackfriars. 
 
 During the first season as much as £2,614 were expended 
 in providing relief to near 20,000 poor, supplying each with 
 soup, cod-fish, potatoes or rice, and coals. In after years the 
 relief was confined to coals and potatoes; and now, in conse- 
 quence of the failure of the latter, to coals only. The mode of 
 distribution is by means of tickets, which are delivered to 
 applicants by subscribers, who thereby become their own 
 almoners. 
 
 That the boon may be duly appreciated, the recipients 
 of it have to contribute a portion of the expense themselves, 
 so that they are assisted as needy, rather than relieved as 
 paupers. Every poor person presenting a ticket, obtains one 
 cwt. of best coals for 6d., the same being delivered free 
 within the city. 22,979 cwt. were thus distributed during 
 last winter, costing the recipients £574 9s. 6d., and of sub- 
 scriptions and donations about £1,200. 
 
123 
 
 LEICESTER SQ. ^Rdimillg tl)r BfStitllt l?. kitchen, 1844 
 
 The number of tickets depends on the subscription, two 
 dozen for each guinea. 
 
 President, the Lord Mayor. — Treasurer, Thomas Kelly, Esq., 
 Alderman. — Bankers, Messrs. Barclay and Co. — Secretary, Thos, 
 Lott, 43, Bow-lane.— Collector, Mr. Samuel Skelton, 21, Old Fish- 
 street. 
 
 ST. MARTLEBONE ASSOCIATION, 15, High- street, 
 Marylebone. Established 1830. For the relief of unem- 
 ployed and industrious poor during the winter months ; sup- 
 plying the poor gratuitously with coals and bread, on pre- 
 senting tickets for that purpose from subscribers. 
 
 During last season the distribution consisted of 780 tons 
 of coals, and 62,456lbs. of bread, to 31,228 tickets, at a 
 total cost of £1,648, defrayed wholly by voluntary contri- 
 butions. Of this only .£147 is charged for working expenses. 
 
 Subscribers of 1 guinea or more are members, and entitled 
 to tickets. 
 
 Treasurer, Mr. Benham, 19, Wigmore-street. — Honorary Secre- 
 tary, John Gomm, Esq., 31, Edward-street, Portman-square. — 
 Assistant Secretary and Collector, Mr. Matthews, 15, High-street. 
 
 THE MOUNT ST. BERNARD HOSPICE, or Leices- 
 ter-square Soup Kitchen, is one of the benevolent schemes of 
 Mr. Cochrane. It consists of an establishment in Ham-yard, 
 St. James's, and 40 Leicester-square, affording two dormi- 
 tories for women and three for men, with lavatories, etc., ad- 
 joining, in the most perfect convenience ; also a registry and 
 library. The soup kitchen was the first established in Lon- 
 don, on a distinct and extensive plan. The relief afforded 
 consists of a good meal of soup and bread, which the poor 
 recipients are permitted to eat on the premises, with proper 
 accommodation ; whilst others carry away sufficient quanti- 
 ties for the temporary support of their families ; the distri- 
 bution of which is regulated by tickets. Some idea may be 
 formed of the boon thus afforded in the inclement seasons to 
 the otherwise destitute, by the returns extracted from the 
 recent report. It appears that during the month of January, 
 3,542 men and women were fed in the kitchen, and 35,089 
 men, women, and children, at their own homes ; and 26 per- 
 sons are accommodated nightly, who, before leaving in the 
 morning, partake of a breakfast of coffee and bread. The 
 society is supported by contributions to a considerable ex- 
 tent, both of provisions and money ; and the report furnishes 
 
124 
 
 POK ESTABLISHMENT CjlHrititS fUt OF SOUP KITCHENS, 1848 
 
 the particulars of much benevolence from the various hotel 
 keepers, etc. The society is, however, we believe, greatly 
 indebted for its continued existence to the liberal charity 
 of its founder and president. Tickets for distribution are 
 granted to contributors of any amount. 
 
 This institution is connected with the National Philan- 
 thropic Association, or Poor Man's Friend Society, for the 
 employment of the poor (vide chapter 8). 
 
 Secretary, Mr. John Jones, 40, Leicester-square. — Collector, 
 Mr. John Smart. — Bankers, Messrs. Eansom and Co. 
 
 LONDON PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETY, 17, Camo- 
 mile-street. Established 1847. For providing the poor with 
 bread and coals, free of expense, to all parts of the metro- 
 polis and its suburbs, 
 
 The distribution is carried on by tickets, similar to the 
 plan of the preceding societies, through the instrumentality 
 of the subscribers. Also, by personal visits to applicants, 
 from members of the committee and secretary. 
 
 The report states that 10,000 tickets were bestowed last 
 winter for 41b. loaves and half cwts. of coals. 
 
 Honorary Secretary, John Henry Heeps, Esq. — Treasurer, J. 
 C. W. Lever, Esq., M.D. — Sub-Treasurer, Thomas "West, Esq. — 
 Bankers, Messrs. Prescott, Grote, and Co. — Secretary, Mr. Stol- 
 worthy. — Collector, Mr. Bowles, 77, Cannon-street. 
 
 SOCIETY for ESTABLISHING SOUP KITCHENS 
 
 for the Poor, in the North-West District of the Metropolis, 
 28, Bath-place, New-road, near Tottenham-court-road. Es- 
 tablished 1848. From January to July last 36,335 quarts 
 of nutritious beef soup, and 49,147 loaves of bread, were 
 distributed at this kitchen to 89,515 poor persons, at a cost 
 of £572 ; and during the past month of January alone, 9,565 
 quarts of soup, 10,020 loaves of bread, and 4,001 pounds of 
 boiled rice, were distributed amongst 14,051 persons. Those 
 who present a ticket have both soup and bread gratis, other- 
 wise upon payment of Id. 
 
 Other kitchens are intended to be opened by the society 
 as soon as funds will allow. 
 
 The tickets may be obtained in packets at 2s. and 4s. 
 each. In addition to which the society is dependent on the 
 contributions of the benevolent. The income last year was 
 above .£350 from donations, and £200 payment for tickets. 
 
125 
 
 THE strangers' ^RBlijUillg tljB SiStr5S0B&. FRIEND, A.D.I 785 
 
 Treasurer, J. N. Jakins, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. C. T. Clark, at 
 the Soup Kitchen, 28, Bath-place, New-road; six doors from 
 Tottenham Court-road. 
 
 TEE STRANGERS' FRIEND SOCIETY, 7, Exeter 
 Hall, Strand. Instituted 1785. For the piirpose of visiting 
 and relieving sick and distressed strangers, and other poor, 
 at their respective habitations, in London and its vicinity, 
 without regard of sect or country ; but chiefly such as have 
 no parochial relief, and are " strangers." 
 
 It is deeply to be regretted that this excellent society is 
 not rendered the almoner of public benevolence to a greater 
 extent, in the relief of metropolitan destitution and distress ; 
 for none are established on better principles, few indeed with 
 less working expenses, or more wide spread in their scope of 
 usefulness ; the society requires only that more funds should 
 be at its disposal ; for were they ten times the present 
 amount, it would find, in this great metropolis, objects of 
 wretchedness and want to relieve. Suffice it to say, it is one 
 of the oldest "visiting societies" of London ; it acts in unison 
 with all ; and forms a valuable pioneer to the Scripture reader 
 or city missionary. 
 
 The metropolis is divided into twenty-one districts, in 
 each of which the undermentioned visitors, who are chiefly 
 householders, respectively reside ; so that by their local 
 knowledge, and personal inquiries, they at once detect im- 
 posture, and ensure the due administration of the society's 
 funds. Cases of distress, forwarded to that visitor in the 
 list, residing nearest the object to be visited, wUl be attended 
 to with the least possible delay. On no account should the 
 persons applying for relief be sent, as it only teaches them 
 to beg, and to send others. If merely their address is for- 
 warded, their distress will be ascertained and relieved. 
 
 DISTRICT.^ TREASURER. 
 
 City-road... Mr. G. Mackie, 31, City-road. 
 Holborn...Mr. Rich. Chaffer, 46, Lisle-st., Leicester-sq. 
 Marylebonc.Mr. W. Ford, 10, HoUes-st., Cavendish-sq. 
 Chelsea. . . Mr. Solomon Hilbert, 57, Ebury-st., Pimlico. 
 Lambeth... Mr. J. Corderoy, 1, Chester-pl., Kennington. 
 St. George's East... Mr. J. NichoUs, 14, Catherine-street. 
 Southwark...Mr. John Collins Wilkes, 20, Bridge-street. 
 
 ^ Each district has two secretaries ; but letters addressed to the re- 
 spective treasurers will be sure to meet attention. 
 
126 
 
 ASSOCIATION FOB ^ndftH ffll DISTRICT VISITING, 1844 
 
 Walworth... Mr. Cornelius Carley, 7, Bolinbroke-row. 
 Spitalfields...Mr. C. W. Cornelius, 1, Cottage-la., Com.-rd. 
 Westminster... Mr. John Tout, 44, Medway-street. 
 Limehouse...Mr. William Paul, 11, York-ter., Salmon-lane. 
 Mile-end & Beth. -gr... Mr. J. Hills, 10, Park-ter., OldFord-rd. 
 Rotherhithe...Mr. J. Jones, Prospect-cot., L. Deptford.-rd 
 Hackney... Mr. James Griffin, Church-street, Hackney. 
 King's-c. & St. Pancras. . .Mr. R. Ford, 5, Platt-ter., King's-cr. 
 Islington... Mr. C. King, 11, Mount-row, Islington. 
 Poplar... Mr. H. C. Smith, 3, East India bdgs.. Poplar, 
 Hackney-road. . .Mr. W. Williams, 5, Durham-pl., Hack.-rd. 
 Hoxton...Mr. T. Painter, 67, Nicholas-st., N. North-rd. 
 Kent-road... Mr. John Cramp, 3, Trinity-street, Borough. 
 City of London... Mr. John Kirsop, 105, Fore-street. 
 
 During the past year, an amount of £2556 was distri- 
 buted amongst 8646 cases. 
 
 One guinea annual, or ten guineas donation, constitutes a 
 member. 
 
 Treasurer, Thomas Farmer, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. 
 Christopher Walton, 24, Ludgate-street. — Assistant Secretary. 
 Mr. J. Yatman, 4, Grove-terrace, Peckham. — Canvassing Agent 
 and Collector, Mr. Benjamin Dacosta, 46a, Pall Mall. 
 
 GENERAL SOCIETY for PROMOTING DISTRICT- 
 F/AS/^/^e^, 19, Exeter Hall. Instituted 1828. Was designed 
 for much the same purposes as the next mentioned — the 
 promoting of local societies, increasing their efficiency, and 
 giving an uniform and systematic working to the whole ; 
 arising, however, out of their connection with this, in 1831, 
 the committee established another institution as an addi- 
 tional means of benefiting the labouring poor, termed the 
 Labourers' Friend Society, and that valuable establishment 
 which has been treated of at length in a previous chapter, 
 appears year by year to have developed such extensive means 
 of usefulness, as to divert and lately to engross the energies 
 and resources of its directors ; and at the present time the 
 operations of this society appear virtually to be resigned 
 to the new "association"; its name, however, is as yet re- 
 tained. 
 
 Treasurer, John Labouchere, Esq. — Secretary, John Wood, 
 Esq. — Collector, Mr. W. B. Emmens. 
 
 ASSOCIATION FOR PROMOTING THE RELIEF 
 
 of Destitution in the Metropolis, and for Improving the Con- 
 dition of the Poor, by means of Parochial and District Visit- 
 inff, under the superintendence and direction of the Bishop 
 
127 
 
 THE ASSOCIATION, E?iimng tjiB jigtrtsstir. a.d. i844 
 
 and Clergy, 4, St. Martin's-place. Established 1844. The 
 operations of the association are directed to the originating 
 or supporting local efforts. By this means the various paro- 
 chial district visiting societies are maintained on a connected 
 system, under the guidance of a central board, and the 
 establishment of additional ones often effected ; likewise the 
 formation of provident, clothing, and coal funds. 
 
 Since its establishment, it has distributed to such district 
 and provident funds, nearly £40,000. The provident funds 
 are described by the annual reports, to have proved of 
 considerable benefit, as may be gathered from the fact, that, 
 during the last four years, they have enabled the poor to 
 save, from their own resources, £15,000. 
 
 All grants of money are voted in answer to applications 
 from the incumbent or curate of the parish. Visitors' jour- 
 nals, ticket books, depositors and report papers, are supplied 
 to district societies, by this association, gratuitously. — The 
 annual income from voluntary contributions exceeds ,£4000 
 per annum, and the dividends from funds £150; the stock 
 is rapidly diminishing, from this amount being insufficient 
 to cover the usual expenditure ; but there has never been a 
 lack of funds when really required, and in periods of extra- 
 ordinary distress the income much exceeds this amount ; and 
 from various causes, wUl this year, it is anticipated, realize 
 £12,000. 
 
 President, Bishop of London. — Trustees : Rt. Hon. W. E. Glad- 
 stone, M.P. ; Sir Walter R. Farquhar, Bart. ; Sir R. H. Inglis, 
 Bart., M.P. ; Henry Kingscote, Esq. — Secretary, W. T. Haly, Esq. 
 
 Local visiting and relief societies are attached to almost 
 every parish and district in London. To show how systematic 
 or general this is, the following list embraces all such pa- 
 rishes as have none : 
 
 AUhaUowa, London-wall. St. Catherine Coleman-street. 
 
 ,, Staining. St. Clement, Eastcheap. 
 
 „ Lombard-street. St. Ethelburga. 
 
 ,, Bread-street. St. Gabriel, Fenchurch-street. 
 
 St. Alban, Wood-street. St. Lawrence Jewry. 
 
 St. Andrew Undershaft. St. Magnus, London-bridge. 
 
 St. Ann, St. Agnes, & St. John. St. Mary Aldermary. 
 
 St. Augustin and St. Faith. St. Mary-le-bow, Cheapside. 
 
 St. Bartholomew the Less. St. Mary-at-Hill, U. Thames-st. 
 
 St. Bennet Gracechurch. St. Mary Woolnoth. 
 
 St. Bennet and St. Paul. St. Mathew, Friday-street. 
 
128 
 
 ST. GEORGE-MARTYR's CjlHtitifS for ASSOCIATION, A.D. 1843 
 
 St. Michael, Wood-street. St. Peter, Comhill. 
 
 St. Michael, Bassishaw. St. Peter-le-Poor, Broad-st. 
 
 St. Mildred, Bread-street. St. Sepulchre, Snow-hiU. 
 
 St. Mildred, Poultry. St. Stephen, Walbrook. 
 
 St. Olive, Hart-street. Holy Trinity. 
 
 St. Olive, Old Jewry. St. Vedast, Foster-lane. 
 
 St. Peter-ad- Vincula. The Savoy, Strand. 
 
 And these are all, with the exception of St. Sepulchre, small 
 parishes ; so limited in extent as to he within the range of the 
 clergyman's personal visitation ; inhabited by a large propor- 
 tion of wealthy people, or consisting of warehouses ; and sup- 
 plied, from the produce of bequests, trusts, and sacramental 
 offerings, with ample funds for the relief of the few residents ; 
 and St. Sepulchre's parish, though an exception as regards 
 population and the number of its poor, the incumbent re- 
 ports to be so well endowed with charitable gifts, that no 
 funds from other sources are needed for the relief of the 
 poorer inhabitants. 
 
 Besides the district and parochial visiting societies, are 
 those more restricted in their operations, attached to the 
 various congregations, for the relief of their respective poor. 
 It has been found impossible to afford a complete list of 
 them, neither indeed would it serve any present practical 
 purpose to attempt it. The following axe selected either as 
 examples of general character for their peculiar interest, or 
 their more than local usefulness ; the first mentioned comes 
 under our personal knowledge, and affords an excellent spe- 
 cimen of the working of a parochial association, when under 
 earnest and devoted pastoral supervision, aided by an efficient 
 and painstaking Scripture-reader. 
 
 ST. GEORGE-THE-MARTTR BENEVOLENT AS- 
 SOCIATION for Visiting, Relieving, and Improving the 
 Condition of the Poor. Established 1843. Is supported by 
 voluntary subscriptions, donations, and collections, amount- 
 ing to .£250 per annum, together with about £50, a portion 
 of sacramental money ; this amount is disbursed — in affording 
 relief— in stipend to Scripture-reader — interest on deposits, 
 &c. ; the principles upon which the association are formed 
 are so well developed in the following rules, that it will 
 serve many purposes to append them, besides affording a 
 model for the management clauses of similar institutions : — 
 
 Rules. 1. — That this association be called the St. George- 
 the-Marttr Benevolent Association, and consist of a presi- 
 
129 
 
 ST. geobge's Htlipning tijg flistoSSgil. AssociATioy,1843 
 
 dent (the rector of the parish for the time being), treasurer, 
 secretary, visitors, and subscribers. 
 
 " 2. — That the objects of this association shall be to endeavour 
 to benefit the poor in the parish, by extending to them our 
 Christian sympathy and assistance, by evidencing our concern 
 and interest in their temporal and spiritual welfare, and by 
 promoting those habits of piety and order which will tend to 
 the improvement of their religious, moral, and social condition. 
 
 "3. — That the association be under the direction of a com- 
 mittee, consisting of the President, Treasurer, Secretary, the 
 Churchwardens, Curate, Honorary Visitors, and Fifteen Mem- 
 bers chosen annually from the Subscribers. 
 
 " 4. — ITiat an annual General Meeting of the Subscribers be 
 held on the second Friday in January, when the Treasurer, 
 Secretary, and Committee shaU be elected ; and a Report of 
 the proceedings of the past year, and a statement of the ac- 
 counts to December 31st, shall be made, printed, and circulated. 
 
 " 5." — That the Committee meet monthly at the Vestry, on 
 the second Wednesday evening, at eight o'clock, from the 
 second Wednesday in November to the second Wednesday in 
 March, and at such other times as they deem necessary during 
 the remainder of the year, at which meetings three shall be a 
 quorum ; they shall be empowered to fill up vacancies and call 
 special general meetings. 
 
 " 6. — ITiat the President may appoint a paid Visitor, with 
 power of removal ; such Visitor to act under the direction of 
 the President, and of the Committee, by whom the amount of 
 salary shall be fixed. 
 
 "7. — ITiat the parish be divided into districts, to each of 
 which the Committee shall nominate one or more Honorary 
 Visitors, who shall visit and make themselves acquainted with 
 the circumstances of the poor inhabitants in their district. 
 
 " 8.- — That the relief shall in general be given by tickets, for 
 coals, food, and clothing : relief in money being confined to 
 peculiar or urgent cases, which shall be first reported to the 
 Committee ; but should any such case occur between the meet- 
 ings of the Committee, the President shall be empowered to 
 afibrd assistance, and report the same. 
 
 "9.— That the Bibles, Testaments, tracts, and other publi- 
 cations (being first approved by the President) shall be distri- 
 buted by the Visitor, or District Visitors ; but those left on 
 loan, shall be through the medium of the paid Visitor only, who 
 shall be responsible for the same." 
 
 The Hon. Secretary to the association, is Mr. F. Warr, 63, 
 High Holborn. 
 
 9 
 
130 
 
 EXAMPLES OF (CjjarititS flU DISTRICT SOCIETIES 
 
 ST. MA R rs, SO UTHWA RK, CHA RITA RLE FUND. 
 Established 1844. Is a district charity as yet of a very 
 limited extent ; but its objects are comprehensive and well 
 arranged, so as not to fail affording considerable service to 
 the poorer classes. It consists of a Visiting Society, Provi- 
 dent Clothing Bank, and a Lying-in Charity ; exclusive of 
 deposits, the receipts do not amount to ^'100 per annum at 
 present. 
 
 Treasurer, Rev. Christopher Bower. — Secretary, Mrs. Rutland. 
 
 ST. JOHN'S CHAPEL DISTRICT SOCIETY, Bed- 
 ford-row. Instituted 1812. For visiting and relieving the 
 sick and distressed poor at their own habitations. Every 
 subscriber of half-a-guinea or upwards annually, or £5 or 
 upwards at one time, is a member. 
 
 The district within which relief is administered by this 
 society, and by the Ladies' Fund, is bounded as follows : — 
 On the east, by the west side of Leather-lane ; on the south, 
 by the north side of Holborn ; on the west, by the parish of 
 St. George-the-Martyr ; on the north, by the south side of 
 the New-road. 
 
 The object of the " Ladies' Fund" is to assist the bene- 
 volent designs of the District Society ; and it is primarily 
 applied to the relief of deserving, but distressed, married 
 women during their confinement. 
 
 Every subscriber of half-a-guinea or upwards annually, 
 or £5 or upwards at one time, is a member of it. Any lady 
 who contributes a box of linen is a member for life. 
 
 The District Society is managed by a gentleman's com- 
 mittee of ten visitors ; the fund by a committee of ladies. 
 Since their formation, in their joint operations, 26,877 cases 
 have been visited and relieved, at an annual cost of nearly 
 ^300, raised by subscriptions, donations, and collections 
 after sermons. 
 
 President, Rev. Thomas Nolan. — Treasurer, John Bridges, Esq. 
 — Secretary, Rev. S. Garrard. 
 
 Ladies' Fund; Treasurer, Mrs. Bannister. — Secretary, Miss 
 Gi-ane, 23, Bedford-row. 
 
 LONDON-STONE DISTRICT VISITING SOCIETY, 
 Cannon-street. Instituted 1830. Like the last mentioned, 
 is not nominally a parochial association, but supported by 
 the voluntary contributions of the district, yet is sufficient 
 
131 
 
 EXAMPLES OF jR^fiJmng tljg DlStoSSCh. district SOCS- 
 
 for the wants of the entire parishes of St. Edmund the King ; 
 St. James Garlick Hythe ; St. Mary Somerset ; St. Michael, 
 Queenhithe ; and St. Swithin, London-Stone. 
 
 The boundary of the district is a line including the west 
 side of Fish-street-hill and Gracechurch-street, the south 
 side of Cornhill and Cheapside, the east side of Bread-street 
 and Bread-street-hill, and the north bank of the river 
 Thames, back to Fish-street-hill ; and all the labouring and 
 poor population within this line. This district is divided, 
 at the discretion of the committee, into suitable sections. 
 
 The annual amount contributed in food and necessaries is 
 under £60 annually ; and considerable assistance is rendered 
 by securing the benefits of kindred charities to the poor of 
 the districts. 
 
 Half-a-guinea annual, or 5 guineas at one time, consti- 
 tutes a member, with the privilege of recommending any 
 deserving object. 
 
 President, the Lord Mayor. — Treasurer, Mr. Ford Hale. — Secre- 
 tary and Collector, Mr. J. C. Bowles, 77 Cannon-street. 
 
 THE FRIENB-IN-NEED SOCIETY, for Vidting and 
 Relieving the Sick Poor at their own Habitations, Hoxton. 
 Instituted 1809. Its principal scene of labour is in the dis- 
 tricts of Shoreditch, Bethnal-green, and Spitalfields, though 
 it is not locally bounded, but extends its aid to all parts of 
 the metropolis. Its object is to visit poor and afflicted fami- 
 lies, and by a personal investigation of their necessities to 
 afford such temporal aid and spiritual consolation as may be 
 required. The funds are dispensed irrespective of religious 
 creed, and on the committee are members of different Pro- 
 testant denominations. In the winter, coals are distributed 
 to destitute families. Since its formation, upwards of 55,000 
 visits have been made, to about 12,000 cases, and relief 
 granted, at the cost of nearly £8,000. The committee-meet- 
 ings, for the consideration of cases, are held every Tuesday 
 evening, at the school-rooms, Hoxton Old Town. 
 
 Incumbent of Holy Trinity, Hoxton ; Rev. C. J. DanieU, M. A. 
 
 SPITALFIELDS BENEVOLENT SOCIETY, 19, 
 Church-street. Instituted 1811. For visiting and relieving 
 cases of distress, chiefly among the numerous poor of Spital- 
 fields and its vicinity. Every person subscribing half-a-gui- 
 
132 
 
 ACCIDENT BELIEF CjUttitiBS fol SOCIETY, A.D. 1836 
 
 nea or upwards annually, or five pounds or upwards at one 
 time, is considered a member. 
 
 Applications respecting lying-in cases may be sent to 19, 
 Church-street, Spitalfields, 
 
 President, Rev. Josiah Pratt, B.D. — Treasurer, Samuel Hoare, 
 Esq. — Secretary, Mr. E. Suter, 18, Cheapside. — Bankers, Messrs. 
 Hoare and Co. — Collector, Mr. G. J. Townsend. 
 
 THE MOTHER S INFANTS FRIEND SOCIETY, 
 Parish of St. S within, London-stone. Instituted 1812. For 
 the relief of poor married women during their confinement. 
 Every case must be within one mile and a half of St. Swi- 
 thin's Church, be recommended by a subscriber, and procure 
 the undertaking of a housekeeper to be responsible for the 
 safe return of the articles which may be lent. 10s. 6d. an- 
 nually entitles to recommend one case. The income of this 
 excellent little local charity does not exceed £60 annually. 
 Treasurer, Mrs. William Hale, 7, Cannon-street. 
 
 The next is a charity of a general character, but its bene- 
 fits are conferred in like manner, by visiting at their own 
 abodes those in need of relief. 
 
 ACCIDENT RELIEF SOCIETY, 11, Great Winches- 
 ter-street, City. Established 1836. To relieve the families 
 of those who are inmates of accident wards, in any of the 
 metropolitan hospitals or elsewhere. The relief afi'orded to 
 each case consists of bread, meat, coals, and potatoes, to the 
 extent of six shillings per week, according to the discretion 
 of the visitor, until the next meeting of the committee ; 
 and whenever an afflicted person has so far recovered as to 
 be able to resume his employment, in cases of extreme dis- 
 tress the visitor is empowered to grant an amount, not ex- 
 ceeding ten shillings ; and the committee, if they think the 
 case requires it, and the funds will allow, extend the gift to 
 thirty shillings. During the past year, about £500 was dis- 
 tributed amongst some hundred families ; but the funds are 
 very far beneath the claims of real distress, the institution 
 being but slightly known. 
 
 President, the Duke of Bedford. — Treasurer, Mr. Wm. Abseil. 
 — Bankers, Messrs. Drummond and Co. — Secretary, Mr. John 
 Goodman. — Honorary Chaplain, Rev. Henry Cole. 
 
 From its excellent design, and the large scope for its exercise in this 
 
133 
 
 ACCIDENT KELIEF UpliBtTillg tlj? ^istTPSSBJl. SOCIETY, A.D.1843 
 
 metropolis, we think its usefulness might be greatly extended, as it appears 
 a most desirable medium for dispensing public bounty on a large scale. 
 The hospital returns represent no less than 35,000 accidents as hap- 
 pening annually in London. None so need sympathy and relief, as the 
 families of those suffering sudden and unforseen afflictions ; and to none 
 is it more freely afforded, whenever such cases of distress are made 
 known, as the newspaper police columns freely testify; therefore, all that 
 appears requisite, is, that this society should be extensively known, and 
 that the promoters of it should be active and devoted in furthering its 
 objects. 
 
134 
 
 CliHritirs for 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 CHARITIES FOR THE RELIEF OF THE 
 DISTRESSED {continued). 
 
 Societies for the Relief of the Distress of particular Classes. — Widows. — 
 Prisoners for Debt. — Destitute Sailors — Distressed Scotch. — Foreign- 
 ers in Distress — French — Germans — Poles — and Jews. — Summary of 
 Jewish Charities for the Poor. 
 
 The Charities detailed in this chapter are of a similar cha- 
 racter to those described in the last ; differing only as to the 
 objects for whom they are designed. The distress contem- 
 plated for relief by these institutions, it will be seen, is such 
 as arises either from special causes, or is suffered by such as 
 have peculiar claims on persons of kindred connexions or 
 sympathies with themselves. 
 
 They may be thus briefly summed up : — For the Relief of 
 Widows in Distress, 2 ; Prisoners for Debt, etc., 2 ; Desti- 
 tute and Shipwrecked Seamen, 2 ; Sailors' Home, 1 ; Dis- 
 tressed Scotchmen, 1 ; Distressed Foreigners, 1 ; Distressed 
 French, 2 (one an Asylum); Distressed Germans, 1 ; Poles, 
 1 ; total, 12. 
 Aggregate annual amount of income . £29,881 
 
 Of which, voluntary contributions amount to £19,473 
 One of these was founded in the seventeenth century, two 
 in the eighteenth, and nine in the nineteenth (six within the 
 last thirty years). 
 
 The Jewish charities will be found very numerous, although 
 not of extensive operations ; they number about twenty-five 
 institutions, with an aggregate income of nearly! £4^500 ; 
 of which, voluntary contributions amount to £2,754. 
 
 1 The Spanish Jews' Hospital, page 21 , and the varioua Jewish schools 
 hereafter mentioned, not included in this, 
 
135 
 
 widows' relief iRtlipnillg tl;t |)i3lrrSSEil.sociETiES,1808-23 
 
 SOCIETY FOR THE BELIEF OF DISTRESSED 
 WIDO WS ; applying within the first month of their widow- 
 hood, 32, Sackville-street. Instituted 1823. One guinea 
 and upwards annually, constitutes a member of the society, 
 entitled to recommend one case annually for every such 
 amount ; the cases recommended must be within four miles 
 of Sackville-street, and their relief subject to the visitor's in- 
 vestigation and report. 10 guineas at one time constitutes a 
 member for life, entitled to recommend two cases annually. 
 The lettters of recommendation must be brought by the 
 widows for whom the subscriber is interested, to the oflSce, on 
 Wednesdays, between 12 and 4 o'clock. The meetings of the 
 committee are held on the second Thursday in each month. 
 The present income of the society averages £700 per annum : 
 about j£2 is given in money to each case recommended, and 
 found to be satisfactory. Articles of mourning, for bestowal 
 upon deserving cases, are especially solicited of persons de- 
 sirous of assisting the charity. 
 
 President, the Marquis of Cholmondeley. — Treasurer, John 
 Labouchere, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Dr. Thomas Chambers, 
 1, Hill-street, Berkley-square. — Visitor and Secretary to Ladies' 
 Committee, Mrs. Flood, 32, Sackville-street, and 65, St. Paul's 
 Churchyard. — Collector, Mr. Pitts, 8, Melina-place, St. John's- 
 wood. 
 
 THE WIDOWS FRIEND AND BENEVOLENT SO- 
 CIETY, 21, Old Fish-street, Doctors' Commons. Instituted 
 1808. The object of this society is to visit and relieve, at 
 their own habitations, such poor widows and other distressed 
 persons as may be recommended by the subscribers and be- 
 nefactors as proper objects of relief. 91 cases were relieved 
 during the past year, with sums varying from .£1 to £2 each, 
 besides six pensions of £,b each : but the whole income 
 amounts only to £167, of which £140 is dependant on volun- 
 tary contributions. Half-a-guinea or upwards annually, or 
 10 guineas or upwards at one time, constitutes a member, 
 entitled to recommend to the attention of the committee 
 such cases as may be considered objects worthy of relief. 
 The committee meet during the summer on the first Monday 
 in every month, and in the winter on the first and third 
 Mondays. 
 
 President, Rev. Henry Budd, A.M. — Treasurer, J. Labou- 
 chere, Esq.-r-Secretary, Mr. H. Matthews. — Collector, Mr. J. C. 
 
136 
 
 BELIEF OP PRISONERS CtjAtltirS fUU FOR SMALi DEBTS,1772 
 
 Bowles, Cannon-street. — Receiving-house for applications, 21, Old 
 Fish-street, Doctors' Commons. 
 
 SOCIETY FOR THE DISCHARGE AND RELIEF 
 
 of Persons Imprisoned for Stnall Debts throughout England 
 and Wales, 7, Craven Street, Strand. Instituted 1772. The 
 mode of application is by printed petitions,^ to be had of the 
 respective keepers gratis. Each petitioner must name two 
 reputable house-keepers as vouchers for his integrity, so- 
 briety, and industry ; and, if applying for the Insolvent Act, 
 to a clergyman or magistrate. The society will not grant 
 relief to any debtor who has already employed an attorney 
 to act in his behalf. If the debts exceed ^400, or any one 
 debt exceed £90, or the balance between the debts and 
 credits exceed £200, the petition is inadmissable, and will 
 not be noticed by the society. It never pays more than 
 a composition of £30 for debts of any amount. In cases of 
 great deserving, a small donation is made to the individuals, 
 over and above the amount paid for their release. 
 
 Two guineas or upwards annual, or twenty guineas or 
 upwards, in one sum, constitute a member eligible to be 
 elected a governor of the society. The annual number of 
 debtors released by this society, until the last six or seven 
 years, averaged 1,200, at a cost of nearly £5,000 ; but the 
 altered law, respecting imprisonment for small debts,i has 
 now greatly diminished the number of applicants, and the 
 society has considerably extended its limits of admission, as 
 to amount of debt ; but, even under this extension, the whole 
 number that were released last year amounted only to 142, 
 at a cost of X1824. Since its first establishment, to the pre- 
 sent time, 68,783 debtors have been relieved at a total cost 
 of .£219,422. 
 
 President, the Earl of Romney. — Treasurer, Benjamin Bond 
 Cabbell, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Drummond. — Secretary, Joseph 
 Lunn, Esq., 7, Craven- street. Strand. 
 
 PHILANTHROPIC SO CIET ¥,1^6^ Globe Tavern,Mile 
 End Road. Established 1803. For the temporary relief of 
 
 1 The relief afforded by this society is only available to such as are 
 actually in prison at the time of application. 
 
 2 6th Vict., 1842 ; amended 8th Vict., 1844. The largest number of 
 prisoners released by the Society in one year, was during its jubilee year 
 (1810), when 1,626 were discharged, at a cost of j£10,206 12s. Id. 
 
137 
 
 DESTITUTE SAILOBS' Hflirmng i^t Wl5\Xi mA asylum, 1827 
 
 the deserving poor of London and its vicinity, not receiving 
 parochial aid ; also for compounding with the creditors of 
 persons who are imprisoned for small debts. Since its com- 
 mencement, it has extended its aid to 37,500 persons in dis- 
 tress, at an expense of £18,750. The directors hold their 
 meetings at the above tavern, every Thursday evening, at 
 8 o'clock precisely, for the purpose of considering and re- 
 lieving petitions. 
 
 One guinea per annum, or 10 giiineas at one time, entitles 
 to recommend for relief, three cases annually ; 12s, annually, 
 or 5 guineas at one time, two cases. Forms of petition may 
 be obtained of the secretary. 
 
 President, Viscount Torrmgton. — Treasurers : Alfred Head, 
 Esq. ; George Lee, Esq. ; John Stayner, Esq. — Sub-Treasurer, 
 Mr. George Gold. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. James Sadgrove, 2, 
 Sidney-square, Mile-end. — Collector, Mr. J. J. Mayall, 31, Totton- 
 street. Stepney. 
 
 DESTITUTE SAILORS' ASYLUM, 23, Well Street, 
 London Docks. Instituted 1827. The object of this insti- 
 tution, is to supply shelter, and temporarily relieve, with 
 food and clothing, distressed seamen of all nations, and to 
 keep them, when necessary, until they can obtain employ- 
 ment. The objects for relief consist of such as are in extreme 
 misery or want, and who have not left their last ship more 
 than twelve months. A discharge-ticket from the Dread- 
 nought Hospital Ship at Deptford, is a passport for a man 
 into the asylum without a question being asked. Many get 
 into employment through the means of this institution, and 
 recover themselves so far as not to require its assistance 
 when they return to port. The old and infirm have their 
 passages paid for them to their own homes, and the sick 
 often get into the hospitals and infirmaries of London through 
 its medium. Morning and evening prayers, and the Scrip- 
 tures, are regularly read ; and every evening, at seven o'clock, 
 a minister preaches. On Sunday, the men attend "St. Paul's 
 Church for seamen". The annual average number of those 
 who benefit by this asylum is 1500. Supported wholly by 
 voluntary contributions, amounting to about £600 per an- 
 num, which well covers the expenses. 
 
 President, Admiral WiUiam Bowles, M.P. — Treasurer, Felix 
 Ladbroke, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. C. B. Gribble, M.A. — Secretary, 
 Captain George Pierce, R.N. — Superintendent, Mr. WiUiam Part- 
 ridge. — Cashier, Mr. William Bateman. — Collector, Mr. Thomas 
 Pitts, 8, Melina-place, St. John's-wood. 
 
138 
 
 THE sailors' home. CjjaritiBS Ul A.D. 1835 
 
 THE SAILORS' HOME; OR BRUNSWICK MARI- 
 TIME Establishment, Well Street,^ London Docks. Insti- 
 tuted 1835. This establishment affords a comfortable and 
 cheap board and lodging house for seamen and apprentices, 
 during the time they must unavoidably remain on shore 
 between their voyages. The domestic worship is conducted 
 by a clergyman of the Church of England, nominated by 
 the directors, subject to the approval of the Bishop of Lon- 
 don ; and every means are taken to raise the character and 
 improve the habits of the inmates. It does not, strictly 
 speaking, come under the same designation as the previously 
 mentioned ; but follows here from its connexion therewith. 
 
 The number the building is calculated to accommodate at 
 one time, is 250, and the whole number who avail them- 
 selves of it in the course of a year, averages 4000 to 5000 ; 
 each seaman is provided with a separate berth, and pays 
 at the rate of 2s. a day, including all charges ; apprentices 
 Is. Qd, a day, and other lads 12s. a week ; those who desire 
 it have nautical and other instruction afforded them without 
 further payment. The directors of the establishment, in 
 acting as the bankers of those who return with their hard 
 savings, and affording their advice thereon, render the in- 
 mates another great kindness ; as much as £30,000 of the 
 seamen's money passes throvgh their hands in the course of 
 the year. 
 
 One pound or upwards annually, or £10 or more at one 
 time, constitute a life-member, entitled to one vote at the 
 annual or general meetings. The cash statement for the 
 past year, shows an annual expenditure of £6,500, and 
 receipts of £2000 voluntary contributions, £5000 payments 
 from seamen, and £78 dividends; presenting a satisfactory 
 appearance of expenses well covered. 
 
 President, Admiral Bowles, M.P. — Treasurer, John Labouchere, 
 Esq. — Honorary Solicitor, H. E. Stables, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. 
 Charles B. Gribble, M.A. — Superintendent, Mr. James Laughton. 
 — Cashier, Mr. William Bateman. — Secretary, Captain George 
 Pierce, R.N. — Accountant, Mr. Samuel L'Eschauzier. — Collector, 
 Mr. Thomas Pitts, 8, Melina-place, St. John's-wood. 
 
 ^ Erected on the site of the Brunswick theatre, within six months after 
 the falling in of that building. 
 
 ^ For notice of St. Paul's church, in connexion with this establishment, 
 see note to the London Episcopal Floating Church Society. 
 
139 
 
 SHIPWRECKED Erlitiiiiig tjjf Distrpssft fishermen, 18.39 
 
 SHIPWRECKED FISHERMEN AND MARINERS' 
 
 Benevolent Society, 26, Bucklersbury. Instituted 1839, for 
 relieving, with temporary grants and small annuities, the 
 widows and orphans of fishermen, mariners, pilots, and boat- 
 men ; for boarding, lodging, clothing, and forwarding home 
 all destitute shipwrecked persons ; and for assisting mariners, 
 fishermen, and boatmen, to replace their clothes, boats, or 
 nets, when lost by storm or other accident. 
 
 To meet in some measure the destitution of poor ship- 
 wrecked persons cast helpless on our shores, the committee 
 have obtained the services of nearly six hundred gentlemen, 
 who benevolently act as honorary agents in their several 
 localities ; so that from the Land's End to John o' Groat's 
 House, as well as on the shores of Ireland, and the other 
 British Isles, shipwrecked mariners of all nations find friends 
 to whom their destitution is a full recommendation. Thus 
 providing the public effectually against the necessity of being 
 importuned by persons travelling the country, under the 
 pretence of having been shipwrecked, as, by it, aU ship- 
 wrecked persons are relieved and conveyed to their homes. 
 
 Annual subscriptions 2s. Qd. ; donations ad libitum. The 
 cash statement for the past year shows an amount of £2700 
 spent in relieving ; the expenses are very heavy, however, 
 for operations so extensive as these are, so as altogether to 
 require an amount of receipts to nearly 4,500 a year ; it is 
 gratifying to find that, at present, the voluntary contribu- 
 tions alone exceed that amount, besides ^500 a year from 
 dividends ; the funded property is above £14,000. 
 
 President, Sir George Cockbum. — Chairman, Admiral Hope. 
 — Trustees : Thomas Hankey, jun. Esq.; Thomas Hankey, Esq. ; 
 Benjamin Williams, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Williams, Deacon, 
 and Co. — Treasurer, John Deacon, Esq. — Honorary Solicitor, 
 J. J. Hubbard, Esq. — Secretary, Francis Lean, Esq., R.N. — 
 Travelling Secretary, Lieut. W. H. Symon, R.N.— Collector, Mr. 
 Charles H. Parrott. 
 
 SCOTTISH HOSPITAL AND CORPORATION IN 
 ZOA^Z)OiV,Crane-court,Fleet-street. Incorporated 1665-76;l 
 
 ^ This institution derives its origin from a society founded a short time 
 after the accession of James I," for relieving the less fortunate individuals 
 of the Scottish nation," under the designation of " The Scottish Box," 
 which pursued its benevolent operations until the reign of Charles II, 
 when an act of incorporation was granted (1665). 
 
140 
 
 SCOTTISH HOSPITAL. CljaritlBS fDI A.D. 1665 
 
 re-incorporated 1775. The charity of the Scottish Hospital 
 is applicable to the poor mechanic, the artisan, and labourer, 
 natives of Scotland, with their wives, widows, and children, 
 resident in the metropolis and its immediate neighbourhood, 
 who, not having acquired any parochial settlement in this 
 country, must otherwise be exposed to the utmost wretched- 
 ness or beggary. 
 
 About ^2,300 is spent annually in casual relief to some 
 300 persons monthly; and .£1,250 in annual pensions of ^8 
 or ^10 to about 130 aged persons. The payment of 1 gui- 
 nea annual, or 10 guineas at one time, constitutes a gover- 
 nor ; entitled to recommend one poor person monthly. 
 
 Every case recommended by a petition, and signed by a 
 governor, is visited by an officer of the corporation, and the 
 report is submitted to the standing committee for relief. 
 Petitions when filled up and certified must be delivered at 
 the office on or before the first Wednesday in each month. 
 The entrance for the poor to the hall is at the chapel, Fleur- 
 de-Lis-court, 17, Fetter-lane. Relief days, second Wed- 
 nesday in each month. Recipients of relief to attend at 1 
 p.m., and petitioners at 4 p.m. 
 
 The Kirilock Bequest. — William Kinlock, Esq., bequeathed 
 the residue of his estate for the relief of 500 "poor and 
 disabled Scotchmen in distress, who may have lost their 
 legs or arms, eyesight, or otherwise wounded, in the army 
 or navy, in the service of their country," which bequest is 
 applied to such candidates whose income does not exceed 
 .£20 per annum under distinct regulations, by a committee 
 of governors of the Scottish Hospital. 
 
 According to instructions from the Court of Chancery, the 
 relief afforded by this fund consists of pensions of £4 per 
 annum ; the fund decreases annually, and the number of 
 pensioners accordingly. When the principal is reduced to 
 .£2,000 the same will have to be divided 2 pursuant to pro- 
 visions of the will. 
 
 President, the Duke of Montrose. — Treasurer, the Chisholm. — 
 Chaplains: Rev. John Gumming, D.D.; the Venerable Archdea- 
 con Sinclair, M.A. — Physicians : John Webster, Esq., M.D.; Geo. 
 Darling, Esq., M.D. ; Robert Dickson, Esq., M.D. ; John Scott, 
 Esq., M.D. — Surgeons : John Liddle, Esq.; Professor Fergusson ; 
 
 ^ The present amount of funds exceeds ^£54,000 and the annual in- 
 come therefrom £2,016, causing a present reduction of the principal at 
 the rate of £400 per annum. 
 
141 
 
 FOREIGNERS, Urging tIjB iistrtgggjt. a.d. i806 
 
 R. H. Mackenzie, Esq., M.D.— Secretary, James Adair, Esq. — 
 Solicitor, W. M. Webster, Esq. — Collector, and Visitor of the Poor, 
 Mr. George Anderson. — Beadle, Mr. Laurance John Wishart. 
 
 THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS OF FOREIGNERS 
 
 in Distress, 10, Finsbury Chambers, Instituted 1806. All 
 foreigners here, of whatever nation or religion, being in dis- 
 tress, and recommended by a governor, are entitled to such 
 relief as the Board of Directory may think proper. The 
 recommending governor must set forth the place of nativity, 
 age, and circumstances, and profession of the applicant, who 
 must confirm the same by oath or aflBrmation, if required. 
 A certain number of aged or infirm foreigners are elected 
 at a general court, and allowed weekly pensions to an 
 amount fixed on by the Board of Directors. 
 
 The weekly meetings of the directors are held on Wednes- 
 day at half-past 11 precisely at the society's oflices, and 
 attendance is given every day between the hours of 2 and 4 
 o'clock, except on Saturdays and Sundays. 
 
 The relief aflForded by the society during the past year 
 comprehended, 5s. per week to 80 pensioners ; regular allow- 
 ance to 93 aged persons ; £1,091 in casual relief, passage 
 money, and returning to their own countries, and clothing 
 for 236 persons ; and minor assistance to unsuccessful can- 
 didates, (fee. 
 
 The amount of income is under jE3,000 a-year, which, 
 with the exception of .£300, is derived from voluntary contri- 
 butions, and is all expended upon the objects of its bounty, 
 exclusive of about £400 for necessary expenses ; the funded 
 property is under £10,000. 
 
 One guinea annual, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes a 
 governor, with one vote for pensioners, &c. 
 
 President, the Duke of Wellington. — Treasurer, John Labou- 
 
 ^ An institution for the relief of distressed foreigners of all nations, 
 under the name of " The Society of Universal Good Will,'' was established 
 about fifty years since at Norwich, under the fostering care of the late Dr. 
 John Murray of that city. Dr. Murray took great pains to extend the 
 plan, upon a comprehensive scale, to the metropolis : but this was, how- 
 ever, only partially efi'ected. Although his efforts were then unavailing, 
 it may be said, with justice, that the idea of the present excellent and 
 increasing establishment had its origin in the plan of the Norwich Society. 
 Upon being discontinued, part of its remaining fund was appropriated to 
 this society. Her Majesty contributes ^100 annually to the funds. 
 
142 
 
 HOSPITAL FOB FRENCH CjlHOtiBS ffll PB.OTESTANTS, A.D.I 718 
 
 chere, Esq. — Secretary, Fred. E. Homeman, Esq., 10, Finsbury- 
 chambers, London-wall. — Collector, Mr. Jeffery, 3, Foundling- 
 terrace, Gray's Inn-road, 
 
 HO&PITA L FOR POOR FRENCH PROTESTANTS 
 and their DescendaixAs residing in Great Britai^i, Bath-street, 
 City-road. Incorporated 1718.1 Founded for the French Pro- 
 testants taking refuge in this country for the sake of religion. 
 At one time it afforded an asylum to 230 refugees : since 
 1760, however, it has suffered successive limitations, and at 
 the present time there are but 54 ; the governors moreover 
 represent, that even this number must be reduced, as the 
 income exceeds the expenditure. 
 
 The poor who desire to be admitted must appear before 
 the quarterly committee at their meetings, or obtain on the 
 first Saturdays in April, July, and October, and second in 
 January, a certificate from the surgeon, or three directors, 
 setting forth their distemper and age, when their cases will 
 be registered until a vacancy occurs. Forms of the petition 
 may be obtained of the steward at the hospital. 
 
 No other poor can be received into this hospital, or be 
 relieved, but such French Protestants, or their descendants, 
 as have been residing in Great Britain for the space of six 
 months at least. All persons are ineligible who are married, 
 unless bedridden through disease, and then only for such 
 time as they be bedridden. AU persons with contagious 
 diseases are ineligible. 
 
 The cash statement is not published, as the receipts arise 
 only from such contributions as are raised by its elected go- 
 vernors and directors, and collection after annual sermon in 
 May : this is suggestive, that if published statements were 
 made, the state of the funds, at present regretted by the 
 governors, might be improved. 
 
 Governor, Earl of Radnor. — Sub-Governor, Peter Levesque, 
 Esq. — Treasurer, G Guillonneau, Esq. — Secretary, R. Herv6 
 
 ^ Owes its origin to M. de Gastigny, a French gentleman, master of 
 the hounds to King William III, when Prince of Orange; who bequeathed, 
 in 1708, the sum of X'lOOO towards a fund for this purpose, which fund 
 was increased in 1716, when the present site was purchased, for a term 
 of nine hundred and ninety years, of the Ironmongers' Company, and the 
 chapel dedicated in the following year ; and in 1718 was incorporated, 
 by permission of George I, under the title of " The Governor and Direc- 
 tors of the Hospital for poor French Protestants, and their Descendants, 
 residing in Great Britain." 
 
143 
 
 SOCIETE DE EtliBniag tjlf S)iStrC55pi.BIE-\FAISANCE,1842 
 
 Giraud, Esq., 7, Furnival's Inn. — Chaplain, Rev. B. T. Nurse. — 
 Surgeon, Mr. Samuel Byles. — Steward, Mr. Richard Hunt. 
 
 SOCIETE FRANCAISE DE BIENFAISANCE, 10, 
 Duke-street, Portland-Place. Established 1842. For the 
 purpose of assisting poor French persons, who have not the 
 means of support, in this country. Any such may apply at 
 the office, where their circumstances will be inquired into, 
 and relieved temporarily with food, &c., until means are 
 affijrded them either to obtain employment, or to return to 
 their native country. When considered necessary, small 
 loans are made, to be returned without interest. The great 
 object of the society is thus expressed : — " Preventing the 
 possibility of any poor French being entirely destitute." 
 The office is open daily from 10 till 4 o'clock (Sundays and 
 holidays excepted). 
 
 One guinea annual, or £10 donation, constitutes a gover- 
 nor, with one vote at the annual election of the weekly reci- 
 pients of four shillings. 
 
 The income averages £550 per annum ; with the exception 
 of £30 from dividends, depending wholly on voluntary con- 
 tributions : funded property not exceeding £1,000. 
 
 President, M. F. Vouillon. — Bankers, Sir Samuel Scott and Co. 
 —Treasurers : M. Horeau (Ch.), M. Boura (A.), M. Salanson. — 
 Honorary Secretary, M. Givry, 23, Old Bond-street. 
 
 GERMAN SOCIETY OF BENEVOLENCE AND 
 CONCORD, Office, 48, Greek-street, Soho. Founded 1817 
 by M. G. Fraas. For the relief of distressed Germans in 
 London : during the past year £180 was raised amongst the 
 members and contributors, of which £146 was distributed 
 amongst 302 natives of Germany, who were in distress in 
 London, The funded property is but £1,033. 
 
 Auditors, Messrs. Baur and Duve. — Secretary, M. H. Schirges, 
 39, Conduit-street. 
 
 LITERARY ASSOCIATION OF THE FRIENDS 
 OF POLAND, Sussex Chambers, Duke-street, St. James's. 
 Instituted 1833. For the purpose of diffusing information 
 respecting the literature, history, and present condition of 
 Poland ; " exposing the system of policy to which she has 
 been the victim ; and exciting in her favour the sympathy 
 of the British nation." Its earliest attention was directed 
 to the destitute condition of the Polish patriots, who had 
 
144 
 
 jews' HOSPITAL. CljKrrtiM fur a.d. iso? 
 
 taken refuge in this country. The association relieved their 
 sufferings to the best of its ability until the year 1834, when, 
 through the exertions of some of its leading members (Lord 
 Dudley C. Stuart, Thomas Campbell the poet, and Prince 
 Czartoryski) the Government commenced an annual grant 
 for the support of the refugees.^ The association devotes a 
 portion of its funds to the education of the children of the 
 Poles resident here.2 
 
 It has hitherto derived its principal income, from the 
 public balls and concerts given under its superintendence ; 
 also from subscriptions and donations ; last year, the former 
 source yielded £963 ; the latter, £278. Two guineas an- 
 nually constitutes a member. 
 
 This society, it is stated, will afford every facility to detect 
 impostors, and is anxious to discourage mendicancy. 
 
 President, Lord D. C. Stuart.— Hon. Secretary, William Loyd 
 Birkbeck, Esq. — Resident Secretary and Paymaster, Lieut. Charles 
 Szulczewski. — Hon. Surgeon, T. Young, Esq., 31, Sackville-street. 
 
 JEWS HOSPITAL, MUe-end. Founded 1807.3 Affords 
 both an asylum for age ; and a place of refuge for youth, 
 where they are taught the modes of procuring a regular 
 maintenance by the acquirement of trades, in order to be- 
 come good and useful members of society. The present 
 number of inmates comprise twelve aged persons, fifty- 
 five boys, and twenty girls ; the total number who have 
 
 1 THE POLISH REFUGEE OFFICE, 2, Middle Scotland- 
 yard. Is for dispensing the Parliamentary grants in behalf of the unfor- 
 tunate Poles in this country; first voted in the year 1834. The amount 
 of grant is being gradually reduced; that for the present year is but 
 i£8,700 — an amount agreed to in committee," on the understanding that 
 the list of refugees should be revised, and relief continued only to those 
 unable to support themselves." The number of Polish refugees now in 
 England rather exceeds 400, of whom 328 receive assistance. Pay- 
 master, J. S. Tebbs, Esq. 
 
 * The Polish Economical and Clothing Association, for some years 
 carried on in connexion with this, is now extinct. 
 
 3 Founded by the exertii ns of the late Messrs. Abraham and Benja- 
 min Goldsmid, who, about 1799, commenced collecting donations from 
 their friends for the purpose, of which not one was above if400, and but 
 one under £5Q ; and, upon February 17, 1806, having accumulated to 
 jf20,000, it was applied to the Ibundation. The hospital was purchased 
 for .£3,300, and has subsequently been considerably enlarged ; the amount 
 of present funded property, is i£48,143. 
 
145 
 
 jews' societies, Erligfling tjiB listogggli. a.d. 1827-1844 
 
 been received in the house, 463. The funded property of 
 this establishment is near £50,000, but the dividends there- 
 from appear to be insufficient for its support, although aided 
 by £750 from annual contributions. The last cash statement 
 represents a sale of stock of £600, and the annual expenses 
 amounting to as much as £2,464. One guinea annually 
 constitutes a subscriber, with one vote ; 25 guineas at one 
 time a life governor, with three votes. 
 
 President, F. H. Goldsmid, Esq. — Treasurers: Aaron Joseph, 
 Esq.; Lawrence Myers, Esq. — Physician, Dr. Southwood Smith. 
 — Surgeon, Thos. Blizard Curling, Esq. — Apothecary, Mr. Joseph 
 Kisch. — Solicitor, Mr. Sampson Samuel. — Superintendent and 
 Sub-Secretary, Mr. Samuel Howe. — House-Steward and Matron, 
 Mr. and Mrs. Myers. — Governess, Miss Hanbury. — Bankers, Lon- 
 don and Westminster Bank. — Secretary, Mr. Samuel Solomon, 
 5, Hounsditch. 
 
 HANDIN-HANB CHARITABLE INSTITUTION; 
 
 Asylum, St. James's-place, Aldgate. Established 1840. For 
 maintaining, clothing, and providing an asylum for aged 
 men of the Hebrew nation ; supported by contributions and 
 subscriptions. This charity is very limited in extent, only 
 dispensing its benefits to seven individuals, waiting for an 
 increase of funds before it enlarges the number. Visiting 
 days, Saturday and Sunday, from 2 till 5 o'clock. 
 
 Treasurer, Mr. Moses Lazarus, 34, Duke-street, Aldgate — Medi- 
 cal Attendant, Dr. J. Kisch. — Secretary, Mr. F. D. Soares. — Col- 
 lector, Mr. Ellis. — Matron, Mrs. Jonas, 
 
 WESTERN JEWISH PHILANTHROPIC and Pen- 
 sion Society, 4, Manor-street, Chelsea. Established 1827. 
 For the purpose of granting relief, by permanent pensions, 
 gifts, and loans without interest, to indigent and worthy 
 persons of the Jewish religion, resident in the county of 
 Middlesex, west and northward of Temple Bar, in the district 
 of Clerkenwell, and city of Westminster. Subscribers of six 
 shillings per annum entitled to one vote ; of one guinea, to 
 three votes. 
 
 President, Mr. Samuel Ellis. — Treasurer, Mr. M. Marks. — Secre- 
 tary, Mr. M. L. Lazarus.- — Collector, Mr. L. Kesner. 
 
 JEWISH LADIES' BENEVOLENT LOAN AND 
 Visiting Society, 31, Nottingham-place, Whitechapel-road. 
 Established 1844. For promoting the visits of Jewish 
 
 10 
 
146 
 
 JEWISH BLIND, A.D. 1819. CljAlitiCS fHI JEAVISH WIDOWS, 1825. 
 
 ladies amongst their own poor, and advocating habits of 
 prudence and economy amongst them, and where desirable, 
 advancing small sums of money as loans, without interest. 
 These loans are paid by weekly instalments. During the 
 past five years, about £2,000 has been repaid in this way, 
 having been granted to 334 persons, A relief fund also, and 
 a savings bank, are attached to the association. The volun- 
 tary contributions do not much exceed ^100 annually. Five 
 shillings annually constitutes a subscriber. 
 
 President, Mrs. Joseph Josephs, 29, High-street, Whitechapel. 
 — Vice-President, Mrs. Sampson Samuel, 11, North-buildings, 
 Finsbury-circus. — Treasurer, Mrs. Bamet Joseph, 26, Finsbury- 
 place.^ — Honorary Secretary, Mrs. A. L. Harris, 30, Steward-st., 
 Spitalfields. — -Assistant Secretary and Collector, Mr. A. G. Isaac, 
 37, Nottingham-place, Whitechapel-road. 
 
 INSTITUTION FOR THE RELIEF OF THE IN- 
 DIGENT BLIND, of the Jewish Persuasion, Bevis-marks. 
 Established 1819. For granting pensions of 6s. per week 
 to the Jewish blind, not relieved by any other charity. 
 Candidates must present a petition to the committee, who 
 meet in the months of March, June, September, and Decem- 
 ber, signed by three Governors, and accompanied with a 
 surgeon's certificate of their total blindness. 10s. annually, 
 or 5 guineas at one time, constitute a Governor, with one vote 
 for every such subscription. The present number of pen- 
 sioners is twelve, receiving about £200 annually, which is 
 met by voluntary contributions and £74 from dividends, 
 the income exceeding the expenditure. 
 
 President, A. Soloman, Esq., 23, Bevis-marks. — Treasurer, 
 J. Lazarus, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Henry Dyte, Esq., 2, Hare- 
 court, Temple. — Secretary, Mr. S. Soloman, 5, Ho'insditcli. — 
 Collector, Mr. Marks. 
 
 PHIL A N THRO PIC SO CIETY, for Relieving Distressed 
 Widows and Families of the Jewish Persuasion, 5, Houns- 
 ditch. Established 1825. To afford relief to widows, by 
 allowing them a weekly stipend of five shillings for the pe- 
 riod of fifty-two weeks ; and distressed families, by a distri- 
 bution of certain smns of money at the Passover and New 
 Year. Subscribers, entitled to one vote in the distribution of 
 the funds, for every four shillings subscribed. The income is 
 about £150, derived from voluntary contributions, except .£8. 
 
 President, Mr. John Jonas. — Treasurer, Mr. M. Samuel. — Secre- 
 taries : Mr. S. Soloman, 5, Hounsditch ; and Mr. C. Joel. 
 
147 
 
 jews' societies, ErlipDiHg tjlB JSistoSSBb. VARIOUS. 
 
 The Jewish Schools and Orphan Asylums will be found in 
 detail under Educational Charities ; and 
 
 Societies for the Bene^t of Converts and Christian Instruc- 
 tion, under Missionary and Religious Societies. 
 
 There are various other charities for the relief of the 
 Jewish poor, of a limited character ; by subjoining the fol- 
 lowing brief summary of which, every purpose will be served. 
 
 Society for Helping the Fallen ; Mr. D. Davis, Sec. 
 
 For Relieving the Poor in Confined Mourning ; Master 
 Hyams, Sec. 
 
 Of IndepeTident Friends ; Mr. J. Braxo, Sec. 
 
 For Distributing Bread and Coals ; Mr. D. Joseph, Sec. 
 
 For Distributing Bread, Meat, and Coals, during the 
 Winter ; Mr. J. Levy, Sec. 
 
 For Distributing Five Shillings per Week during the 
 Winter ; Mr. J. D. Lindenhall, Sec. 
 
 For Believing Distressed Persons (Holborn) ; Mr. S. 
 Cohen, Sec. 
 
 For Clothing Poor Jewish Boys; Mr. A. G. Isaacs, Sec. 
 
 For Clothing and Apprenticing Boys ; ^Mr. J. H. Joseph, 
 Sec. 
 
 Asylumfor Aged and Infirm Widows ; Mr. R. Cardoza, Sec. 
 
 Widows Pension Society ; Mr. R. Cardoza, Sec. 
 
 Widows' Friendly Society ; Mr. S. Aloof, Sec. 
 
 Ladies' Charity, Burton- crescent ; Miss Toledano, Sec. 
 
 Ladies' Benevolent Association for Clothing Female Chil- 
 dren ; Miss Clara Nathan, Sec. 
 
 Society for Cheering the Needy at Festivals; Mr. M. 
 Samuels, Sec. 
 
 For Allowing Weekly Stipend to the Needy; Mr. J. 
 Jacobs, Sec. 
 
 Lying-in Charity for Indigent Women; Mrs. Lucas, Sec. 
 
 Society for Relieving the Indigent Poor in the Holy Land ; 
 Sir Moses Montefiore, Treas. 
 
 The Linusariaris Benevolent Loan Society is primarily a 
 Jewish institution ; but being open to all classes of the 
 labouring poor, will be referred to under Charities for 
 Aiding the Resources of the Industrious. 
 
148 
 
 Cjiaritirs fnr 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 FOR DIMINISHING DISTRESS, AND AIDING 
 THE RESOURCES OF THE INDUSTRIOUS. 
 
 National Philanthropic Association for tl:e Employment of Able-bodied 
 Paupers. — Plan for Churth of England Self-supporting Village Insti- 
 tution. — Emigration ; the Societies for its Promotion. — Scale of Re- 
 duced Payments for Colonial Emigration. — Emigration to Port Natal. 
 — The Canterbury Settlement. — Female Emigration — Funds for pro- 
 moting the Social and Religious Improvement of the Emigrants. — 
 Distressed Needlewomen's Society. — Dressmakers' and Milliners' Asso- 
 ciation. — Homes, and other Institutionsjor Female Servants. — Deferred 
 Annuities rendered available to Female Sei-vants. — Servants' Benevo- 
 lent Society. — Loan Societies: the Difficulty of their Existence upon 
 Benevolent Principles. — Particulars of those now in Existence. —Ap- 
 prenticeship Societies. — Bequests for Loans — Fees — and Marriage 
 Portions. — Savings' Banks : their Origin. — Summary of those in Lon- 
 don, with the Rate of Interest allowed by each, and the Amount of 
 Deposits, &c. — Savings' Working Banks, and Penny Banks. 
 
 It is not the mere application of a " Charity" to the poor 
 and needy that always helps them most, either as a class, or 
 in individual cases ; the benevolent will as often confer sub- 
 stantial service on them by affording information respecting 
 the savings banks, loan funds, and other provident institu- 
 tions brought together in this chapter, as ever they may do by 
 securing for them direct pecuniary benefits or presentations. 
 And, conflicting as the character, and questionable the 
 results of some of these plans may be, for the end in view 
 expressed by their titles, still it appears right that each 
 should be fully represented as far as practicable. It has been 
 well said, " the poor must be Aade. friends" : and an outlay 
 
149 
 
 THE NATIONAL lilltinislling ^iStrrSS. PniLANTHROPIC. 
 
 of charitable subscriptions is not all that is requisite for the 
 purpose ; food and money is but a part of what they require ; 
 there must be an outlay of care, of kind attention, of bro- 
 therly feeling, a manifestation of many desires to help them ; 
 — and all this appears to form the actuating motive of the 
 promoters of all these various schemes ; and for this reason 
 as well, we conceive them entitled to our impartial consi- 
 deration. 
 
 The following summary affords briefly a sketch of the ex- 
 tent of what is comprehended in the present chapter : — 
 
 Of the societies in operation, there are — For the Em- 
 ployment of the Able-bodied Pauper, 1 ; Assistance of Poor 
 Needlewomen, 1 ; Dressmakers and Milliners, 1 ; Institutions 
 and Homes for Female Servants, 7 ; Apprenticeship Fee 
 Funds, available for the Poor of Special Counties, 4. Total, 14. 
 
 Of these, the aggregate annual income 
 amounts to ... . £7,246 
 
 Of which, there is derived from voluntary 
 
 contributions .... .£4,677 
 
 All but one established during the present century. 
 
 Of the societies and plans in contemplation, or in opera- 
 tion for less than a year, may be included — For Promoting 
 Emigration, 6 ; For Improving the Social and Moral Com- 
 fort of the Emigrant, 2 ; Plan for Self-Supporting Villages, 1 . 
 
 Of Loan Societies there are full particulars of 39 ; of Sav- 
 ings Banks, 26 ; Examples of Working Banks, 1 ; and of 
 Penny Banks, 1. 
 
 Examples are also afforded of such charitable bequests, in 
 the gift of parochial or other trustees, as are applicable to 
 the present subject (a more general epitome of such trusts 
 forming a future chapter). 
 
 THE NATIONAL PHILANTHROPIC ASSOCIA- 
 TION, 40, Leicester-square ;i founded 1842 ; appears to 
 claim first attention, from the large scope of its purposes, 
 and the peculiar affinity of part of them to the present sub- 
 ject. The avowed objects of the association are very exten- 
 sive, to judge from the publications and addresses emanating 
 from it ; and aim so much at theoretical questions, that, but 
 for the practical turn given to a portion of them, it would 
 scarcely be within our scope, benevolent and charitable as 
 its views and objects are. These are thus expressed : — 
 
 1 Originally designated " The Poor Man's Friend Society." 
 
150 
 
 PLAN FOB A SELF- CljHntipS fflf SUPPORTING VILLAGE. 
 
 " For the promotion of social and salutiferous improvements ; 
 street cleanliness ; and the employment of the poor ; so that 
 able-bodied men may be prevented from burthening the 
 parish rates, and preserved independent of workhouse alms 
 and degradation." All this is excellent in theory, and un- 
 exceptionable ; and we shall gladly see further operations 
 as practically carried out as the " street-orderly system," 
 originated and promoted by this association. Its president, 
 Mr. Cochrane, deserves great credit for the liberal support 
 and persevering energy with which he has promoted the 
 system. It was first tested during the winter of 1 843-4, in 
 the neighbourhood of Regent and Oxford-streets ; afterwards 
 extended over other parts of London. At one time, upwards 
 of one hundred of these orderlies were employed, at a weekly 
 payment of 12s. each, under inspectors, the whole cost being 
 borne by the association, in order to induce the parochial 
 authorities of the several metropolitan parishes to support 
 such employment of the able-bodied paupers out of the 
 rates. Several of the leading parishes, it is satisfactory to 
 see, have profited by the demonstration ; and there appears 
 every prospect of this really wise and desirable arrangement 
 being generally adopted throughout London. 
 
 In the mean time, by reference to the balance sheet of the 
 last published report of this association, we find that it is 
 very deeply in debt to its president ; and its means of sup- 
 port for future operations, as well as continuing present use- 
 fulness, entirely depend upon voluntary contributions. 
 
 The association has published several works relating to the 
 various subjects involved in its title, mostly advocating and 
 explaining its own proceedings. The report is an interesting 
 document, and affords results of personal inquiries into some 
 of the worst localities in London, bringing together much 
 useful information for the philanthropist and social reformer.^ 
 
 President, Charles Cochrane, Esq. — Treasurer, B. B. Cabbell, 
 Esq., M.P. — Secretary, Mr. C. Mackenzie. — Collector, Mr. Wil- 
 liam Gooch. 
 
 THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND SELF-SUPPORT- 
 ING Village Institution.^ Ofiice, 32, Sackville-street. Ori- 
 ginated in 1843. Formed for the purpose of collecting and 
 
 ^ " Sanitary Progress," 2nd edition, 28. 6d. ; 8vo., pp. 251. Hatchard 
 and Son : 18.50. 
 
 ^ This design would appear somewhat parallel to the recent land- 
 
^ 151 
 
 SELF-SUPPORTING Diminisjiing ^istrrss. village inst. 
 
 imparting information upon the subject of promoting the 
 religious, moral, and general improvement of the working 
 classes, by founding establishments of three hundred families 
 on the land, and combining agricultural and manufacturing 
 employment for their own benefit. The estimated expense 
 of each establishment is stated at ^45,800 ; and the balance 
 left from annual returns by labour and produce, about ^4,000, 
 after paying interest on outlay, and every other expense. 
 
 In the arrangements, the reasonable comforts of all parties 
 will be considered ; involving thereby a larger outlay than 
 would be required if the object were merely commercial. 
 It is proposed that the required funds shall be raised by do- 
 nations, shares, or loans, at five per cent., until repaid by the 
 industry of the inmates, when the establishment will belong 
 to themselves and to their successors for ever. In the mean- 
 time, the management to be vested in Directors. 
 
 schemes of Feargus O'Connor ; and, althoujjh promising very different 
 management, and upon higher principles, yet the details of the late trial 
 connected therewith, present so total a failure, and develope so many diffi- 
 culties in the way of self-supporting communities, that it must he much 
 doiihted whether the benevoleut promoters even of this scheme will be 
 enabled to carry it out. 
 
 The Labourer's Friend Society, an institution already detailed under 
 the head of another of its objects, presents the most gratilying details and 
 prospects of further success, its efforts being well directed, and practically 
 exemplified. The agent in Kent and the southern counties, who is em- 
 ployed in obtaining land and setting it out in allotments, in any parish 
 where his services may be required, has reported more than fifty parishes 
 in one county, in which there are now above 3000 allotments. The ex- 
 tension of this field-garden, or cottager allotment system, advocated by 
 that society, appears free from the evils and troubles incident to exclu- 
 sive supporting communities, and to be highly desirable. It was warmly 
 recommended in a late parliamentaiy report ; and it is only to be regret- 
 ted, that, to many districts, it proves of impracticable application, for 
 want of an agency of sufficient powers. 
 
 As far back as 1818, we find a society was formed, advocating the allot- 
 ment system, but on different principles, entitled" Society for the Encou- 
 ragetnent of Industry," which sets forth in the prospectus, " that an 
 eminent means of improving the condition of the labouring class, would 
 be, to afford the labouring poor small portions of land on easy terms." This 
 appears, however, to have degenerated more into a political organ, and to 
 have resulted in no practical effort, or model establishment. Some of the 
 sections of the Act of 1819, " to amend the law s for the relief of the poor," 
 authorising overseers, &c. to purchase land for the employment of pau- 
 pers, may be traced to its influences. 
 
152 
 
 SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING (ChHritJES fflf COLONIZATION, A.D.1838 
 
 No member is considered as individually sanctioning, or 
 identifying himself with the general principle, unless he has 
 consented to become a shareholder, or authorized the use of 
 his name. 
 
 All communications to be addressed to the Honorary Se- 
 cretary, J. M. Morgan, Esq., 12, Stratton-street ; also to the 
 Rev. R. Larken, Burton Rectory, near Lincoln ; and the 
 Rev. Joseph Brown, Christchurch, Blackfriars. 
 
 Colonization and Emigration. As before stated, inser- 
 tion is given to the following emigration schemes, not so 
 much on account of any abstract characteristic of charity 
 about them, as with the view of affording some little infor- 
 mation to such as may be seeking it in connexion with plans 
 for assisting the poorer classes. Emigration is now recog- 
 nized to such an extent, as the panacea for destitution and 
 distress, both by those requiring assistance as well as those 
 desiring to assist, that no opportunity is lost of advertising 
 into notoriety various schemes of private interest, and advo- 
 cating peculiar measures, all claiming to be for the same 
 purpose, namely, alleviating the wants of an over-populated 
 country. Mixed with such, however, are institutions that 
 owe their origin wholly, and their present support in part, 
 to the exertions of the disinterested and charitable ; and it 
 has been the endeavour to select such only as have a title to, 
 and require the same. 
 
 THE SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF COLO- 
 NIZA TION, 7, Charing-cross ; established 1848 ; appears 
 to possess this claim in a special degree, its object being to 
 advance emigration in quarters where it is both desirable for 
 the classes who emigrate, for the government under whose 
 sway they continue, and for the combined welfare, both of 
 our country and her large dependencies ; in short, whatever 
 can be urged in favour of emigration, comes with double 
 power and force for colonization. 
 
 Until recently, the only contribution to colonial society 
 was crime — and taxation to control the crime — which our 
 country engendered and imposed upon her colonies. The 
 effect has long been, that honest industry sought its way to 
 foreign shores ;^ destitution was preserved at home until it 
 
 ^ In 1847, of 258,270 persons who emigrated, 142,154 proceeded direct 
 to the United States, and it is computed that 37,000 more went by the 
 
153 
 
 COLONIZATION JBiniiiiisIjing Sistrrss. sociETy,A.D.i848 
 
 produced dishonesty ; and the British convict was then con- 
 verted into a British colonist. It is to be hoped that no 
 future government will revert to a system so destructive in 
 its consequences. 
 
 This association was originally designated, "The Labourers' 
 Relief Emigration Committee." Its objects now are rather 
 expanded ; and involve assistance by information, loans, and 
 reduction of passage monies, to all persons desiring it, ac- 
 cording to certain regulations, that may be had at the office. 
 
 The revenue by which emigration to Australia and the 
 Cape of Good Hope is supported, is derived from the rent 
 and sale of crown lands within these colonies. Before the 
 establishment of this society, the whole expense was borne 
 from such revenue ; but under the new regulation, which 
 prescribes mutual payments, the colonial funds are econo- 
 mized, and consequently rendered applicable to a larger 
 number : the principle involves no imposition of a fresh 
 charge ; but a different application of existing payments.^ 
 Whilst upon this subject, it is satisfactory to perceive, from 
 a late report of the emigration commissioners, that as a con- 
 sequence of the adoption of the suggestions of this society 
 by the government, about 3,000 emigrants to the colonies had 
 contributed, in part payment of their passages, upwards of 
 £10,300. Also, a number of young women from the Union 
 workhouses had been despatched, on payment by the parishes 
 of £4 per head towards their passages. 
 
 The following scale of payments toward passages to the 
 Australian colonies and the Cape of Good Hope, has been 
 adopted by the commissioners of emigration, and is now in 
 force. 
 
 "Australia. — 1st. Agricultural Labourers, Shepherds, Herds- 
 
 St. Lawrence ; making, in all, about 180,000 ; or, in one year, a number 
 equal to the whole population of Australia. An increasing current of 
 wealth and enterprise thus flowed to foreigners, absorbing capital and 
 population, while scarcely more than a few hundred persons, during 
 several years, found their way to the British possessions in the southern 
 hemisphere. 
 
 ^ The government emigration plans are under the direction of The 
 Colonial Land and Emigration Board, established for the purpose 
 of superintending the sale and settlement of the waste lands of the crown 
 in the British colonies, and the conveyance of emigrants thither. Office, 
 9, Park-street, Westminster. Commissioners : T. W. C. Murdock, C. A. 
 Wood, T. Rogers, Esqrs.^Secretary, S. Walcott, Esq. — London Port 
 Agent, Lieut Lean. 
 
154 
 
 SOCIETY FOR PBOMOTIXG CIlHritijS fUt C01,ONIZATION,A.D.1848 
 
 men, and Female Domestic and Farm Servants, under 40, 21. ; 40 
 and under 50, 6^. ; 60 and under 60, 11^. ; 60 and upwards, 151. 
 2nd. " Country Mechanics — such as Blacksmiths, Bricklayers, 
 Carpenters, Masons, Miners, Wheelwrights, Gardeners, and 
 Females of the Working Class, not being Domestic or Farm 
 Servants, under 40, 51. ; 40 and under 50, 9>l. ; 50 and under 60, 
 12Z. ; 60 and upwards, \5l. 
 
 3rd. " Other persons of the Labouring Class, if deemed by the 
 Commissioners desirable for the Colony, under 40, 7^. ; 40 and 
 under 50, lOZ. ; 50 and under 60, 13L ; 60 and upwards, 151. 
 
 4th. " All children under 14 years of age pay 11. each ; and if 
 the family contains more than two children at the time of em- 
 barkation under 10 years of age, for each child 51. additional 
 must be paid. 
 
 " Young men under 1 8 not accompanying their parents, are 
 admissible only on payment of the sum in the 3rd class of the scale. 
 
 " The emigrants must consist principally of married couples, 
 not above 40 years of age. The candidates most acceptable are 
 young married couples without children. The separation of pa- 
 rents from children under 16 will in no case be allowed. Single 
 women under 18 are not eligible, unless they are emigrating with 
 their parents, or under the immediate care of some near married 
 relatives. Out of these payments, the beddings and mess utensils 
 required on the voyage, are provided by the Commissioners. 
 
 ''Cape of Good Hope. — Agricultural Labourers, etc. (as before), 
 14 and under 40, nil; 40 and under 50, il. ; 50 and upwards, 91. 
 
 Mechanics, etc., 14 and imder 40, M. ; 40 and under 50, &l. ; 
 50 and upwards, 91. 
 
 "All other persons of the Labouring Classes, 14 and under 40, 
 51. ; 40 and under 50, 'Jl. ; 50 and upwards, 91. 
 
 " For Children — i.e. persons under 14 years of age : — Two chil- 
 dren of persons assisted to emigrate on the above terms will be 
 conveyed free. 51. will be required for each child in excess of 
 this number. A deposit of 11. has also to be paid for every per- 
 son above 14, and 10s. for every child above one and under 14 
 years of age ; which is retained to meet the expense of bedding 
 and mess utensils supplied by the Commissioners, and as some 
 security that the people will come forward to embark." 
 
 It will be well to add, as a caution, that this society now 
 under consideration, employs no agents ; but transacts its 
 business throughout the country by means of branch societies. 
 
 One pound annually constitutes a member, entitled to re- 
 ceive publications, and having the privilege of recommend- 
 ing candidates for emigration on reduced fares. 
 
 Chairman of Committee, Earl of Harrowby. — Treasurer, Capt. 
 H. G. Hamilton, R.N. — Secretary, John Whelan, Esq. — Bankers, 
 Messrs. Ransom and Co. 
 
155 
 
 COLONIZATION jiniiiiislimg Histrm. soci ety, i848 
 
 The School Fund in connexion with the Colonization Society, 
 consistsof a fund for sending out religious teachers and school- 
 master on board each emigrant ship bound for the colonies, 
 with the more immediate view of improving the period of the 
 voyage (ordinarily lasting four or five months), to the young 
 and ignorant. The importance of such a provision may be ga- 
 thered from the fact of nearly half a million of emigrants hav- 
 ing left our shores in the past two years alone ; and in many 
 cases, reports, too well authenticated, have been received, as 
 to the low moral tone prevailing on board the vessels convey- 
 ing them ; the evil results of which do not end with the 
 voyage, but affect the after-life of the emigrants, and per- 
 haps the best interests of the colonies of which they become 
 citizens. This fund is under the management of a sub- 
 committee of the society. A free passage and a gratuity are 
 given to such persons, but no guarantee of support or em- 
 ployment after their arrival, for which they have to depend 
 on their own exertions. They have to undergo an examina- 
 tion, and testimonials to their religious and moral character 
 are required. 
 
 Chairman of the Sub-Committee, the Earl of Harrowby. — Trea- 
 surer of the Fund, Arthur Mills, Esq. — Honorary Secretary of 
 Sub-Committee, WiUiam H. G. Kingston, Esq. 
 
 Since the formation of the last named society, the Act 11 
 and 12 Vict., c. 110, has been passed, empowering Unions 
 and Parishes to levy an emigration rate for the passage- 
 money of the settled and unsettled poor : the means of 
 effecting the purpose being little known, parishes have not 
 availed themselves of it to any great extent,' but documents 
 explanatory of the course of proceeding are supplied to 
 boards of guardians on application to the Colonization So- 
 ciety ;{and there is every reason to suppose, that 1850 will 
 see an extraordinay amount spent for the purpose, and an 
 unequalled number of emigrants leave our shores ; there 
 can be little doubt of this in the face of much agricultural 
 distress at home, and the glowing representations of what is 
 offered in other lands, besides the pecuniary advantages pre- 
 sented to the heavily-taxed ratepayer, by getting quit of the 
 
 ^ By the Poor-Law Board returns for the year ending Lady-day 1847, 
 there appears to have been only .£8,456 spent, from the rates, towards 
 such purposes; and for the year ending Lady-day 1848, ^12,301. The 
 amount for the present year will, perhaps, more than double this. 
 
156 
 
 EMIGRATION Ctrarilifs fnr 
 
 able-bodied and burdensome pauperj And thus argues a 
 powerful organ of public opinion, in a recent article upon 
 the subject ; after premising there are in England and Wales, 
 or were in July last, 997,796 paupers maintained at an ex- 
 pense of £5,792,963 from the rates ; the writer thus con- 
 tinues : " Such is the case at home. A million paupers costing 
 the country at the rate of £5 : 16s. a year. From this 
 prospect look across the Atlantic, and sail round the Cape 
 to the Antipodes. Everywhere we possess, without dispute, 
 without let or hindrance, as fully and as freely as our own 
 paddocks and lawns, land enough not only for one million, 
 but for a hundred millions. The inhabitants of these 
 regions clamour for our labourers ; the cattle ask to be 
 milked, the sheep to be eaten, the harvest to be reaped, and 
 all nature to be occupied and enjoyed. The woods and 
 dales are vocal with invitation. Then, as for the means of 
 conveyance, it is not a barren wilderness that separates our 
 land of promise from our house of bondage, but the ocean 
 — an ocean in which we are ever at home, filled with our 
 merchantmen and protected by our fleets — an ocean the 
 greatest perils of which are those which a vessel escapes 
 from when it loses sight of our own shores— an ocean which, 
 so far from being any real obstacle, is, in fact, the readiest, 
 easiest, safest, and cheapest means of communication be- 
 tween the extremes of poverty and abundance described. 
 Only one other link in the chain is wanting, and that is the 
 expense. It is supplied by the simple fact that one million 
 paupers cost us annually about 5^. 16s. a head. One year's 
 maintenance of one million paupers would place them with 
 a sovereign each in their pockets in Upper Canada. Two 
 years' maintenance would land them at Cape Town or Port 
 Natal. Three years' maintenance would distribute them 
 over Australia, Van Diemen's Land, and New Zealand. 
 Such are the broad features of a case, such the simple con- 
 ditions of a problem, without a parallel for interest and im- 
 portance." 
 
 Writing like this, however varied the feeling it may occa- 
 sion, must cause the conviction that emigration is and will 
 be greatly on the increase ; it presents an evident and pecu- 
 liar feature of the times, and one of the many means to- 
 wards the accomplishment of the great and certain predic- 
 tion that " the knowledge of the Lord shall cover the earth 
 as the waters cover the sea"; as its associations bring to 
 
157 
 
 EMIGRATION 1111111115 jllllg llStlTSS. SOCIETIES. 
 
 mind the fulfilment of promises; so do they present the 
 opportunities of obeying precepts, to " preach the Gospel to 
 every creature" ; and, however, the benevolent may differ as 
 regards the desirableness of aiding emigration, to the na- 
 tional extent referred to, the Christian will only see the 
 fresh opportunities it presents of spreading abroad the 
 knowledge of the Great Redeemer. But not further to 
 anticipate institutions founded for thus influencing the 
 operations of emigration societies, it will be well to draw 
 attention to the others on our list. 
 
 THE NATIONAL BENEVOLENT EMIGRATION 
 SOCIETY, 9 George-yard, Lombard-street, is only now form- 
 ing, but it is so with names of such guarantee as to its disin- 
 terested future management, that no hesitation can be enter- 
 tained to briefly stating its objects. They appear first of all to 
 be, to give system to the internal efforts of parishes for pro- 
 moting the emigration of their own poor, and to aid, by the 
 funds placed at their disposal from voluntary contributions, 
 such parishes, in proportion to the amount from their respec- 
 tive rates. The committee state their first desire to be this : 
 cooperating with parishes from the belief that "they form the 
 best machinery for carrying out emigration" to the extent 
 we have been contemplating : and the remaining portion of 
 the fund which may be raised, it is designed to apply 
 for providing a free passage and necessaries for such poor 
 persons as have no direct settlement, selected from the house 
 of the society for affording shelter to the houseless, and re- 
 fuge for the destitute, &c., and from personal applicants at 
 the society's oflBces. Also in providing passages for such 
 poor persons as may be able to provide a portion of the ne- 
 cessary iunds, but unable to raise the whole amount required 
 for their passage. 
 
 The chief and peculiar benefit of such a society as this 
 depends entirely on the efficient carrying out of the follow- 
 ing details of the design, as set forth in the preliminary 
 prospectus : " In all cases where persons are selected for 
 emigration, they will be received at the society's depot, 
 in the metropolis, where they will receive a short probation, 
 in order that they may be brought to a fit state, both of 
 body and mind, to undertake the vojage, under the superin- 
 tendence of a competent medical man and a clergyman ; and, 
 on their arrival in the colony, they will be received by the 
 
158 
 
 EMIGRATION TO CjiaritiPS ffll POKT NATAL. 
 
 agents of the society, and placed under proper management 
 for their protection and distribution. 
 
 In order to remove the chief objections at present raised 
 against emigration, the society proposes to pay the greatest 
 attention to the arrangements on board ships despatched 
 under their auspices, and they have for that object several 
 plans under consideration. \A. schoolmaster, matron, and a 
 surgeon, will be provided by~lhe society to carry out regula- 
 tions on board, also a suitable selection of moral and reli- 
 gious booksT} 
 
 The operations of the society must of course be entirely 
 controlled by the extent of its receipts, and will depend 
 upon voluntary contributions for its support ; one excellent 
 arrangement promised by the committee, is a quarterly state- 
 ment of the receipts, disbursements, and entire working of 
 the society. The published list of the committee comprises 
 six clergymen and eight other gentlemen, and as the re- 
 sponsible officers, the following : 
 
 Treasurer, John Dean Paul, Esq. — Auditors : John Petrie Mac- 
 killop, Esq. ; Thos. Gibbs, Esq. — Manager, Charles W. Parsons, 
 Esq.- — Solicitors, Messrs. Wadeson and Malleson, 1 1, Austinfriars. 
 — Surgeon, Robert Bowie, Esq. — Surveyor of Shipping, Captain 
 J. W. Douglas. — Bankers : Messrs. Strahan, Paul, Paul, and 
 Bates, 217, Strand ; Messrs. Bosanquet, Franks, and Whatman, 
 73, Lombard-street. — Secretary, Frederick F. Hilder, Esq. 
 
 Emigration to Port Natal, South Africa, appears to 
 afford peculiar inducements to those who are a remove above 
 absolute want, and have some resources of their own to avail 
 themselves of. And a company recently formed, under the 
 direction of Messrs. J. C. Byrne & Co., presents apparently 
 a fair and desirable mode of employing these to the best 
 advantages : the scheme can claim no credit on account of 
 any peculiar benevolent design in its formation ; it is purely 
 a commercial affair, but one of character, and under the 
 sanction of government, fostered for the special purpose of 
 promoting colonization at this port. 
 
 A steerage passage, with provisions, is afforded, and twenty 
 acres of land granted, for the sum of £10 ; provided the in- 
 tending emigrant is either a labourer, mechanic, farmer, 
 tradesman, or of small capital ; proceeding to occupy and 
 cultivate land in the colony. 
 
 Forms have to be filled up by the intending emigrant, 
 fully specifying particulars ; and testimonials are required 
 
159 
 
 FEMALE Diminisljiiig Sistrfss. emigration. 
 
 as to honesty, general good character, and non-likelihood of 
 becoming a burden to the colony. The necessary forms may 
 be obtained at the office, as well as other particulars. 
 
 Similar care appears to be taken, as by the last-mentioned 
 Society, for securing good vessels and promoting comfort on 
 board ; and pursuant to government requisites, a clergyman 
 and surgeon sail with each. 
 
 Agents and General Superintendents, Messrs. J. C. Byrne and 
 Co., 12, Pall Mall East. 
 
 The new Colony of Canterbury, in New Zealand, is a 
 settlement founded exclusively on Christian principles ; con- 
 nected with the Church of England, and enjoys the personal 
 superintendence and residence of Bishop Selwyn. 
 
 There is no permanent association for assisting persons 
 desirous of joining the colony, but arrangements are made 
 from time to time, by independent bodies of colonists and 
 intending emigrants ; thus, at the present time, there is a 
 daily meeting of such advertised as assembling at 1a, Adelphi 
 Terrace. 
 
 Full and detailed information, concerning the principles, 
 objects, plans, and proceedings, of the founders of this 
 settlement, will be found in "the Canterbury Papers," pub- 
 lished by Mr. J. W. Parker, West Strand. 
 
 FUND for PROMOTING FEMALE EMIGRA TJON, 
 4, St. Martin's-place. Now being established under the main 
 instrumentality of Mr. Sidney Herbert, with the view, if pos- 
 sible, of abating two existing evils ; one the inequality of the 
 number of females to males in the Colonies ;' the other the 
 extreme destitution and suffering amongst the working women 
 in our own iand,^ by promoting emigration on an extensive 
 scale. It is proposed at once to open a register for such as 
 
 ^ In 1847 there were, in New South Wales, only 41,000 females to 
 83,000 males ; in South Australia, 13,000 females to 17,000 males ; and 
 similar disproportions exist in Van Diemen's Land, and other colonial 
 dependencies. In Great Britain, on the contrary, the present estimated 
 excess of the female population, is stated to be half a million. — Hon. 
 Sidney Herbert's Letter to the Times. 
 
 * In the metropolis, above 33,500 women are engaged in the single 
 business of ajipcirel luaking. It is estimated that 28,501} of them are 
 under twenty years of age ; and that of these, a large portion are subsist- 
 ing, or attempting to subsist, on sums varying from 4^d. to 2ld. a day. — 
 Horace Mayhew. 
 
160 
 
 FEMALE EMIGRANT €|jaritirS fill SOCIETX, A.D. 1849 
 
 desire to avail themselves of the fund, and in the first in- 
 stance to extend its assistance to that class which, as the 
 poorest and most helpless, has a reasonable claim to early 
 consideration, — the needlewomen and slopworkers. The as- 
 sistance will either be by gift or loan, according to the scale 
 of public support given to the measure, and regulated by 
 the circumstances of each case. Care and comfort will be 
 secured for the passage out, and facilities afforded at the 
 colonies for obtaining respectable positions. 
 
 Donations can, if it be desired, be paid in four annual 
 instalments. 
 
 Chairman of Committee, Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, M.P. — 
 Secretary (pro tem.), W. T. Haly, Esq. 
 
 The St. Marylehoou Parochial Association, is under the 
 direction of a local committee, appointed to aid the same 
 object, and has been formed in the hope that other parishes 
 of the kingdom will follow the example, and thus render 
 this great national plan the assistance it so well merits. 
 
 The committee meet at the court-house every Wednesday 
 at 11, and the attendance and support of the parishioners of 
 Marylebone is earnestly solicited. 
 
 Treasurer, Capt. Holland, R.N., 8, Upper Wimpole-street. — 
 Hon. Secretary, Henry C. Wilson, Esq. 
 
 \j]he next institution is one formed for the personal benefit 
 of the female emigrants themselves ; it appears a measure 
 in the right direction, and its design has our best sympa- 
 thies and wishes-::^ 
 
 THE BRITISH LADIES' FEMALE EMIGRANT 
 SOCIETY, 25, Red Lion-square. Has only recently been 
 established ; but it promises to form as valuable an adjunct 
 to the preceding benevolent fund, as its operations ought 
 to prove inseparable from every emigration scheme. The 
 plan has been in active trial at Plymouth and Deptford since 
 March 1849 : its object is to promote the moral and spiritual 
 well-being of female emigrants, and to counteract the dan- 
 gers of the mixed association among so many during the long 
 period of undisciplined idleness, by providing visitation at 
 the ports, whereby books and materials for employment are 
 supplied, industrial classes formed, and friendly counsel and 
 assistance afforded to female emigrants. 
 
 For the furtherance of these views, it especially endea- 
 
I 
 
 161 
 
 neediewomen's iliilillg tjlf SllhUStrinilS. society,a.d.1843 
 
 vours to promote the appointment of judicious and efficient 
 matrons to superintend the young women. Should the funds 
 allow, the committee announce their intention also to pro- 
 vide some previous training for these matrons, and to assist 
 in the formation of homes in the colonies for the protection 
 of friendless female emigrants. 
 
 Treasurers : the Hon. Arthur Kinnaird, 35, Hyde-park-gardens ; 
 Robert Benson, Esq., 32, Hyde-park-gardens. — Hon. Secretaries : 
 Mrs. Margaret Benson, 6, Sussex-sq., Hyde-park ; Miss Bridges, 
 23, Red Lion-square ; Mrs. Christmas, 11, Spring-gardens. — 
 Bankers, Messrs. Ransom and Co., 1, Pall Mall East. — Assistant 
 Secretary, Mr. Charles Gwillim, 25, Red Lion-square. 
 
 Leaving the subject of Emigration, which has unavoidably 1 
 occupied greater space than was intended, -^ 
 
 THE SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION AND 
 
 Employment of Distressed Needlewomen appears, by right of 
 association with the objects of the two last, next to claim 
 attention. The office is 5 Rathbone-place, Oxford-street. It 
 was formed at the Mansion House, in 1843; having its imme- 
 diate rise from the sympathy created amongst all classes, by 
 the ever memorable appeal in favour of the poor needle- 
 woman, " the Song of the Shirt". 
 
 Much good, from time to time, has doubtless accrued from 
 the advocacy by the society of the claims of this ill-paid but 
 industrious class of women ; but its operations have not 
 taken apparently any practical turn, beyond a slight amount 
 distributed as pecuniary assistance in last balance sheet, 
 amounting to £20 only, and an amount paid for work of rai- 
 ment for the destitute, £180 ; and at the present time its re- 
 sources appear so limited, as to threaten virtual suspension. 
 The measure now adopted of registering the names of deserv- 
 ing needlewomen, promises, if persevered in, to be of consi- 
 derable benefit, and one that cannot be too extensively 
 known, both for the workwomen and those who occasionally 
 feel the need of such as can be well recommended. 
 
 The last public measure attempted by the society was a 
 meeting, convened by it six weeks since (presided over by 
 Mr. Alderman Fairbrother), to draw attention to the injurious 
 tendency of prison labour upon the employment and remu- 
 neration of honest and industrious workwomen : this was 
 proved to demonstration, and warmly dwelt upon, by several 
 friends of the society. 
 
 11 
 
162 
 
 DEESSMAKEES' AND CljflritirS ffll MILLINEES', A.D. 1843 
 
 The last published cash statement of the society shows an 
 income considerably under ^£500, arising from voluntary 
 contributions. 
 
 President, Mr. Alderman Fairbrother. — Chairman, Luke James 
 Hansard, Esq. — Hon. Secretary, George Fyson Roper, Esq., 7> 
 Eastbourne-terrace, Hyde-park. — Clerk, Mr. Flint, 78, Great 
 Portland-street. 
 
 Contemporary in its establishment with the last men- 
 tioned, and somewhat similar in character, is the 
 
 ASSOCIATION FOR THE AID AND PROTEC- 
 TION of Dress-makers and Milliners, 13, Clifford -street. 
 Established 1843. Its principal objects are — to induce the 
 principals of dress-making and millinery establishments to 
 limit the hours of actual work to twelve per diem, and to 
 abolish in all cases working on Sundays ; to promote an im- 
 proved system of ventilation ; to aid in obviating the evils 
 connected with the present system, by inducing ladies to 
 allow sufficient time for the execution of orders and to en- 
 courage those establishments which zealously cooperate in 
 carrying out the objects of the association ; to afford pecu- 
 niary assistance to deserving young persons in cases of tem- 
 porary distress or difficulty, and medical advice, change of 
 air, and other assistance, in cases of sickness, at a moderate 
 cost. To realize these objects, a book has been opened at 
 the office, in which the names and addresses of young per- 
 sons of good character and capacity are entered free of ex- 
 pense, to meet the inquiries of employers seeking additional 
 assistants, especially in the busy season. During the past 
 year, 1,273 young women availed themselves of this, and 
 obtained comfortable assistance. 
 
 A Provident Fund has also been established, in which 
 young persons engaged in the business can deposit their 
 savings on Mondays, from 10 to 11 a.m. 
 
 President, Lord Ashley. — Treasurer, Sir Walter Farquhar, Bart. 
 — Hon. Secretary, R. 1). Grainger, Esq. — Consulting Actuary, 
 Adolphus W. Barnes, Esq. — Physicians : Dr. Hodgkin, Dr. 
 M'Intyre, Dr. J. R. Bennett. — Consulting Surgeons : J. Dal- 
 rymple, Esq. ; S. Solly, Esq. ; R. D. Grainger, Esq. — Surgeons : 
 J. P. WaU, Esq. ; M. Beale, Esq.— Collector, Mr. Gale, 107, 
 Great Portland-street. — Manager at the Office, Miss Newton. 
 
 THE DRESS-MAKERS' AND MILLINERS' PRO- 
 VIDENT and Benevolent Institution, 32, Sackville-street. 
 
163 
 
 FEMALE servants' i^illing tjjB SllllllStrinnS. home, 1813-36 
 
 Established 1848. Arising out of the foregoing society, it 
 is fostered and promoted by it. Although distinct in its 
 management and means of support, some of the objects are 
 common to both ; but it is considered by the managers 
 thereof that the interests of each are best consulted by con- 
 tinuing separate. B. Moore, Esq., Honorary Secretary. 
 
 Of the various institutions for the benefit of Female Ser- 
 vants, the first established in London was in 1813, which for 
 many years, it must be believed, exercised a most important 
 influence amongst those who came within its benefits. The 
 peculiar value of its operations appears to have consisted in 
 the continuous system of its rewards for long and faithful 
 service, increasing in value from year to year ; also the con- 
 nexion maintained through future life between such as ob- 
 tained certificates, and the society, insuring for them relief 
 and counsel under any kind of trouble. This distinctive 
 part of the operation of the society has ceased to exist, and 
 its main objects merged into the following, which takes the 
 precedence of the other kindred societies, from its compre- 
 hending in its management what remained of the first society, 
 the original establishment of which is still maintained by it. 
 
 THE FEMALE SERVANTS' HOME SOCIETY, 21, 
 Nutford-place, and 110, Hatton-garden.i Established 1836. 
 For the encouragement of faithful female servants, and their 
 protection when out of place, by establishing homes in dif- 
 ferent parts of the metropolis and its immediate neighbour- 
 hood, where servants of good character are lodged at one 
 shilling per week, being provided with a separate bed, coals, 
 candles, house linen, a well furnished kitchen, and wash- 
 house, but boarded at their own expense. They are expected 
 to attend Divine Service twice on the Sabbath, seats at 
 church being provided for that purpose. Servants who have 
 been inmates of the "home", and can have a three years' cha- 
 racter as "a faithful servant," from a subscriber, are entitled 
 to participate in an annual distribution of rewards by the so- 
 ciety. Two "homes" are now established, as above, and others 
 are contemplated. During the past year, 489 servants have 
 been inmates, and 4,300 availed themselves of the registry. 
 
 One pound annually constitutes a member, entitled to 
 printed letters for admitting inmates to the home. The an- 
 
 ^ The original institution, at 110, Hatton-garden, " for the improve- 
 ment and encouragement of female servants," was founded 1813. 
 
164 
 
 FEMALE servants' (£||3ritiB5 ffll SOCIETIES, A.D. 1818-35 
 
 nual income is under £500, of which £70 is derived from 
 fees for registering, £80 from servants' payments, and the 
 remainder from voluntary contributions. The expenses are 
 within this amount, judging from last year's cash statement. 
 Non-subscribers may obtain servants from the registry on a 
 payment of 2s. 6d. 
 
 Treasurer, R. C. L. Bevan, Esq. — Chairman, Rev. Joseph Brown. 
 — Secretary, Rev. J. H. Simpson, M.A. — Honorary Solicitor, St. 
 Pierre B. Hook, Esq., Tokenhouse-yard, Bank. — Honorary Phy- 
 sicians, Dr. Dickson and Sir James Eyre. — Honorary Surgeons, 
 E. Barker, Esq., and J. Paul, Esq. — Matrons, Mrs. Butcher, 21, 
 Nutford-place, and Mrs. Peake, 110, Hatton-garden. — Assistant 
 Secretary, Mr. J. Seabrooke. — Collector, Mr. Buck. 
 
 PROVISIONAL PROTECTION SOCIETY, 92, Fen- 
 church-street. Instituted 1818. Is for the purpose of assist- 
 ing indigent female servants of good character, when out of 
 place and in indigent circumstances, by supplying them with 
 food, lodging, clothing, medical aid, or a small loan of money, 
 according to the necessity of the case, the merits of which is 
 personally investigated before any assistance is granted. 
 
 Half-a-guinea annually, or £5 donation, entitles to recom- 
 mend one case. 1,700 females have been assisted by the 
 funds since the formation of the society. 
 
 Treasurer, Mrs. Cornelius Hanbury, Plough-court, Lombard- 
 street. — Honorary Secretary, Mrs. Joseph T. Foster, Stamford- 
 hill. — Assist. Secretary, Mr. C. Cordelier, 92, Fenchurch-street. 
 — Bankers, Messrs. Drewett and Fowler. 
 
 NATIONAL GUARDIAN INSTITUTION, 46, Bed- 
 ford-row. Established 1825. For the purpose of protecting 
 the public from the evils arising in giving false characters 
 to bad servants ; and for the encouragement of those whose 
 characters bear the test of strict inquiry, providing them 
 with situations, granting relief in sickness or distress, and 
 permanent provision in old age. The alms-houses of the in- 
 stitution are in Raven-row, Mile-end-road ; and accommo- 
 date eleven persons, who receive each four shillings per week. 
 
 Ten guineas donation, or one guinea annual, constitute 
 governors, with the following privileges : to apply for ser- 
 vants for their own establishments ; to recommend such as 
 are in want of employ for gratuitous admission on the books 
 of the institution ; and in sickness or distress, for medical or 
 pecuniary relief ; or as candidates when vacancies occur in 
 
165 
 
 SERVANTS, Ming tjjB ^ntostrinns. a.d. 1847-9 
 
 the alms houses belonging to the institution ; and to vote 
 pensions for life, or permanent provision in old age, to the 
 infirm and destitute. The income is derived chiefly from 
 voluntary contributions, the funded property not exceeding 
 J700 : the account books, it is represented, are open, for the 
 satisfaction of those desiring to support the society, but no 
 statement of funds is appended to the published report. 
 
 Treasurer, William Tooke, Esq., 39, Bedford-row.— Secretary, 
 Mr. Thomas Butt. — Bankers, London and Westminster Bank, 214, 
 High Holborn. — Investigator and Collector, Mr. A. M'Kenzie. 
 
 THE CHRISTIAN FEMALE SERVANTS RE- 
 GISTER, 4, College Terrace, Camden Town. Established 
 1849. For the like purpose as the foregoing institutions ; 
 endeavouring to obtain situations of a Christian character 
 for female servants ; to impart instruction to the incompe- 
 tent ; and to afford temporary assistance when needed. 
 
 Time of application, both from servants and families, be- 
 tween 11 and 1 every day, except Saturday and Sunday, at 
 the office. 
 
 Treasurer, Lieut. John Blackmore, R.N., 27, Gloucester-place. 
 — Secretary, Mrs. A. E. Ferry. 
 
 HOME AND REGISTRY FOR FEMALE SER- 
 VANTS, 5, Millman Street, Bedford Row. Vide Female 
 Aid Society, p. 104. 
 
 Benevolent benefit funds for servants, have recently occupied 
 much consideration on the part of the highest in the land, 
 and the last few years have served to develope the peculiar 
 advantages attending their operations, and afford reasons for 
 their extension ; — so long back as 1834, 
 
 THE SERVANTS INSTITUTION, 42, Great Mary- 
 bone Place, was established ; embracing to a limited extent 
 the features now presented in all their comprehensiveness, 
 by the institution of 1847 ; with this, apparently (vide note), 
 it is now amalgamated, upon terms satisfactory to the mem- 
 bers of the latter institution, and very beneficial to the cause 
 mutually advocated. 
 
 THE SERVANTS PROVIDENT AND BENEVO- 
 LENT Society/, 8, Cork Street, Established 1847,1 thus re- 
 
 ^ Originally at 5, Argyll-street, and amalgamated, 1819, with the " Ser- 
 vants' Institution", of Great Marylebone-street The Prince Consort 
 
166 
 
 servants' provident CfjflritiBS fnr SOCIETY, A.D. 1847 
 
 ferred to, may be safely described as originated on a most 
 comprehensive plan, and is well calculated to afford the 
 security, relief, and provision to this class described in the 
 words of the report, " as the largest of all classes of Her 
 Majesty's subjects," i on a scale commensurate with their de- 
 pendance and necessities. 
 
 The directors — considering that as the large majority of 
 such a class will necessarily come to the workhouse, or re- 
 quire other relief in their old age, no sufficient provision for 
 their necessities can be met by small payments, or the even- 
 tual probability of some few being elected annuitants to a 
 benevolent fund — have determined, as their principal objects, 
 to arrange for servants the security of government deferred 
 annuities ; to explain the nature of these annuities ; and to 
 assist occasionally in the payment of the annual premiums — 
 saving all preliminary expenses. Also to secure endowments 
 for their children, of from ^10 to £50, upon arriving at 14 
 or 21 years of age ; and the payment of ^10 at death for 
 funeral expenses. 
 
 The payments from members, to secure these provisions, 
 vary according to age ; tables of which, and every explana- 
 tion, is afforded at the office (from nine till five). Members 
 must not be under 15 years old, and are required to make 
 payments to one of the provident objects of the society, and 
 to subscribe to its rules : but no admission fee is required. 
 
 Contributions from the benevolent, consist of annual sub- 
 scriptions of 1 guinea, or donations of 10 guineas, constitut- 
 ing governors. 
 
 Annexed to the other objects of the benevolent fund, is 
 the establishment of a home for female servants out of place: 
 a lodging house for male servants, a registry of situations, a 
 library, and dispensary ; but these, after the first expenses, 
 are intended to be self-supporting. 
 
 took the chair at the public meeting of this iustitiition in May last, and 
 expounded its objects, and system of operation, in a very lucid and de- 
 tailed speech. Its amalgamation, at the time, was apparently to general 
 satisfaction ; but a late announcement has appeared, purporting to ema- 
 nate from the latter society, stating that, in consequence of the conditions 
 agreed upon not being fulfilled, the society contemplates resuming its old 
 operations. 
 
 1 By the census of 1841 there were, in the metropolis alone, of (domes- 
 tic servants, 39,300 males, and 129,400 females : total, 168,700. Nearly 
 one to eleven of the whole population. 
 
167 
 
 servants' rafting ttl? :Slrilg5trinn5. isstitutiok,1846 
 
 Patron, the Prince Albert. — President, the Bishop of London. 
 — Treasurers : Harry Chester, Esq. ; T. Clarke, Esq. — Auditors : 
 E. Lawrance, Esq.; J. J. Miles, Esq. — Honorary Physician, 
 K. Gr. Latham, Esq., M.D. — Honorary Surgeon, J. Alexander, 
 Esq. — Secretary, Mr. George Grant. — Bankers, Messrs. Hoare, 
 Fleet-street. 
 
 THE GENERAL DOMESTIC SERVANTS' BENE- 
 VOLENT Institution, 32, Sackville-street, Piccadilly. Es- 
 tablished 1846. For the purpose of granting pensions of 
 from 15 to 25 pounds to members, and temporary assistance 
 at the discretion of the committee — who are guided especially 
 in their selection by the character and necessities, likewise 
 the duration and amount of membership of each applicant. 
 
 The payments vary from 3s. to 10s. per annum, according 
 to age and sex ; the society numbers 4000 such members, 
 and the permanent fund amounts to between 3 and 4 thou- 
 sand pounds. £\ annually, or £5 donation, constitute a 
 governor ; with four votes at all elections. 
 
 A registry for servants out of place has recently been added. 
 The present number of pensions granted, consists of two at 
 ^20 each per anniim to men, and four at £15 each to women. 
 
 President, Lord Robert Grosvenor. — Treasurer, Thomson Han- 
 key, jxm., Esq. — Bankers, Sir William P. Call, Bart., and Co. — 
 Secretary, Mr. Thomas Douesberry. 
 
 The Charitable Bequests in trust with the various city 
 companies and parochial oflBcers, comprehend to a large ex- 
 tent, in some instances, amounts available for — 
 
 Loans, v;ith and without interest, to young men beginning 
 business, &c. Also marriage portions — apprenticeship fees — 
 «kc. : they are for the most part of special or local applica- 
 tion ; and a brief summary of such, will be included in the 
 chapter on Charities in the trust of the City Companies, (fee. 
 The following will serve as examples merely of what more 
 immediately are associated with the present subject. The 
 first is a loan trust : — 
 
 ARNEWA Y CHARITY, consists of funds vested in 
 trustees, who are enabled to grant loans thereof at interest, 
 to "Poor occupiers or traders resident within the city and 
 liberty of Westminster, that is to say, within the parishes of 
 Saint Margaret, and Saint John the Evangelist ; Saint Anne, 
 Soho ; Saint Clement Danes ; Saint George, Hanover-square ; 
 Saint James ; Saint Martin-in-the-fields ; Saint Mary-le- 
 Strand ; and Saint Paul Covent-garden. 
 
168 
 
 APPKEXTICESHIP FEE CjjarititS flU AND OTHER FUNDS. 
 
 The loans granted under this trust, consist of sums from as 
 much as £50 to £100. The repayment is not usually required 
 under two years, and the rate of interest 3 per cent. Printed 
 forms of application to be had of the clerk to the trustees, 
 which must he filled up and sent in, one clear week before 
 the first of the month, when the trustees meet to determine 
 loans. Hours of attendance, from 10 until 3 o'clock. Clerk, 
 and Solicitor to the Trustees, Mr. E. S. Stephenson, 12, Great 
 Queen Street. The second is for 
 
 MARRIAGE PORTIONS, Founded 1781, by will of 
 Edward Dickenson, Esq., who left £5000 stock ; the inte- 
 rest of which to be divided on the first month after Easter 
 day, between three new married couples from each parish of 
 St. Margaret ; St. John the Evangelist, Westminster ; and 
 of Acton. Each distribution with the approbation of the 
 Bishop of London for the time being. 
 
 Petitions for this charity are taken into consideration by 
 the trustees on the Wednesday in Easter week, and they 
 decide on the nine couples to receive the bounty, which con- 
 sists of £15 each. The third consists of trust for appren- 
 tice fees : — 
 
 FELLOWES' CHARITY FOR APPRENTICING 
 Poor Children, lately extended in its benefits by authority of 
 the Court of Chancery, who direct the trustees thereof for the 
 time being to apply the funds " for and towards placing out 
 and apprenticing such and so many poor children, male or 
 female, bom within the parish of St. Martin Vintry, to honest 
 trades and employments, as the said trustees shall think fit, 
 and judge to be proper objects of charity ;" and if at Christ- 
 mas in any year the said funds, or any part thereof, shall re- 
 main undisposed of, the trustees are authorized, in the course 
 of the three following months, to apply the same in appren- 
 ticing poor children born within the parish of St. Michael 
 Paternoster Royal ; and if any of such funds still remain after 
 such three months, then to apply the same in apprenticing 
 poor children born within the Ward of Vintry. The necessary 
 forms of application, and any further information, may be 
 obtained of Mr. Hubbard, 18, Bucklersbury. 
 
 The following are funds arising from voluntary contribu- 
 tions for the same purpose, but applicable only for children 
 bom of parents of specified counties. 
 
169 
 
 SOMERSET, 1811 SiMng \\^t IlltorinM. Worcester, 1815 
 
 HEREFORDSHIRE SOCIETY, 11, Gray's-inn-square. 
 Instituted 1710. For clothing and apprenticing the poor 
 children of Herefordshire parents, and other useful purposes, 
 consistent with the intent of the society, as may be approved 
 and ordered at a committee or general meeting. Apprentice 
 fees available only to children of 13 years of age or upwards, 
 one of whose parents must be a native of the county. Ap- 
 plication to be made by petition, obtainable of the Secretary, 
 and must be recommended by two governors ; apprentice 
 fee not to exceed £25 in London or £15 in Hereford. 
 
 Supported chiefly by subscriptions and donations, the 
 funded property not exceeding .£1400. 
 
 One guinea per annum, or ten guineas donation, constitutes 
 a governor with two votes ; persons connected with the 
 coimty can subscribe 12s. annually, which entitles] them to 
 one vote. 
 
 President, the Lord Lieutenant of the County. — Treasurer, Ro- 
 bert Biddulph, Esq., Charing-crosa.— Honorary Secretary, Charles 
 Gwillim Jones, Esq., 11, Gray's Inn-square.— Collector, Mr. Ed- 
 win Day, Broad-street, Hereford. 
 
 SOMERSETSHIRE SOCIETY, 14, Red Lion-square. 
 Established 1811, for the purpose of apprenticing the chil- 
 dren of poor Somersetshire parents resident in London, and 
 also for lending to such as shall be so apprenticed, if their 
 conduct shall have been meritorious, a certain sum of money 
 without interest at the expiration of their apprenticeships, 
 to establish them in business. The apprentice fee not to 
 exceed ^25. The loans, for four years without interest, not 
 to exceed £60. 160 children have been apprenticed since 
 the formation of the fund. 
 
 One guinea annual, or ten guineas at one time, constitutes 
 a governor with one vote. The amount of funded property 
 is about £2000, but it chiefly depends on the contributions of 
 its members. 
 
 President, Earl of Burlington. — Treasurer, John Jenkjms, Esq. 
 14, Red Lion-square. — Honorary Secretary, Alfred Bayard Shep- 
 pard, Esq., 18, Lincoln's-Inn-fields. — Collector, Mr. Henry Tris- 
 tram. — Bankers, Messrs. Hoare and Co. 
 
 WORCESTERSHIRE SOCIETY. Established 1815, for 
 apprenticing children of necessitous persons, natives of the 
 county, resident in London and its vicinity, and also for 
 lending them a sum of money at the expiration of their 
 
170 
 
 WILTSHIRE SOCIETY. CjjHlitijS flit A.D. 1817 
 
 apprenticeship, to establish them in business, if their con- 
 duct shall have been meritorious. 
 
 From 8 to 12 boys are elected to its benefits annually; the 
 amount of premiums paid in each case, averaging £25. 
 154 have been thus apprenticed since the society's establish- 
 ment. The annual income arises chiefly from subscriptions 
 and donations of its members, amounting last year to £202, 
 and from dividends £29. 
 
 One guinea annual constitutes a governor, entitled to one 
 vote ; 10 guineas a life-governor. 
 
 President, J. H. H. Foley, Esq., M.P. — Treasurer, R. L. Jones, 
 Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Robarts and Curtis. — Honorary Secretary, 
 J. M. Knott, Esq., York Hotel, New Bridge-street. — Collector, 
 Mr. D. W. Nash, 7, Foregate-street. 
 
 WILTSHIRE SOCIETY, 25, Austin Friars. Established 
 1817, for apprenticing the children of poor persons from 
 Wiltshire, resident in London, with premiums of not more 
 than £20 ; and also for lending them, if deserving, a sum of 
 money, without interest, not exceeding jL'60, at the expira- 
 iion of their apprenticeship, to establish them in business. 
 The number of apprentices now placed out at the society's 
 expense is 51. 
 
 Ten guineas at a single payment, or one guinea annually, 
 constitutes a governor. The funded property is nearly 
 .£5000, and the annual income from the dividends and volun- 
 tary contributions of its members, exceeds £300. 
 
 President, Robert Parry Nisbet, Esq. — Treasurer, John Hul- 
 bert, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, John Vincent, Esq. — Collector, 
 Mr. Henry Tristram, 12, Bankside, Southwark. 
 
 Loan funds for assisting the temporarily distressed but in- 
 dustrious, to a small extent, are attached to many parishes, 
 either in connexion with the visiting societies, or under other 
 local management ; but the assistance afforded is very limited, 
 and the requisite restrictions with which the loans are gene- 
 rally fettered, do much to neutralize their benefit. The 
 great want appears to be a general comprehensive plan, based 
 simply on Christian benevolence, depending for support on 
 voluntary contributions, and not, as in the case of " loan 
 societies", by profit derived from the fees and fines of 
 the unfortunate borrower, besides interest : it would seem 
 very desirable such a society should exist, where the poor 
 but industrious mechanic or labourer might, under certain 
 
171 
 
 lOAN Min^ i^i Inhstriniig. societies. 
 
 conditions, be able to obtain a seasonable loan ; often may 
 independence be thus sustained, and the ruin of a deserving 
 family be averted, whilst far greater and more lasting benefit 
 is conferred than by any mere pecuniary gift. 
 
 The Friendly Loan Society; established 1836; for the 
 first years of its management at 20, Exeter Hall, and after- 
 wards at 50, Leicester Square, was conducted much upon 
 these principles ; but whether it were deficient in energy 
 of direction, or its operations lacked that spirit of benevo- 
 lence stipulated for, remains unknown — certain it is that 
 the plan faUed.i And it is urged by those who knew much 
 of its working, that the diflSculties to be encountered from 
 cases of intentional imposition and fraud, — of desire to 
 avoid repayment, even in bona fide cases, — and the expe- 
 dients often resorted to, in consequence of its charitable 
 character, wUl prevent a similar scheme being tried with the 
 prospect of successful result : that the habits of the great 
 mass of the London poor are, at present, against the appre- 
 ciation of such an institution : that it would be abused by 
 the designing borrower and his surety, leaguing together to 
 share the spoil, bafiling detection in suflBcient number of in- 
 stances to ruin the whole plan, or force it to such stringent 
 stipulations, and eventually to adopt the very proceedings 
 that now constitute the evils complained of in existing 
 " loan societies". 
 
 There is doubtless much of truth in all this, yet it is so 
 desirable that the deserving but hard-pressed mechanic 
 should benefit by a loan, without the fear of extreme mea- 
 sures being adopted by those who grant it, as developed in 
 late "palace-court cases", that it is to be hoped an attempt 
 like the Linusarian Fund, limited in extent though it be, 
 may meet with support, and serve to prove that it is possible, 
 by judicious but merciful rules, to confer the benefit without 
 entailing a loss. 
 
 ^ The Charitable Corporation, which was estahlished as early as 1780, 
 for assisting the industrious poor with small sums upon pledges, at legal 
 interest, met with a similar fate. " During the first three years of its 
 management," Mr. Highmore states, " the funds were so misapplied, that 
 Parliament interfered, and out of the wreck of the capital, a small sum 
 was saved, and accumulated, with the view of reopening the society for the 
 original purposes of its foundation." This prospect, however, has not heen 
 reahzed, as its final termination was determined upon at a meeting of the 
 remaining members of the Corporation, held at the Chamberlains oflSce, 
 Guildhall, the early part of the present year (1850). 
 
172 
 
 CtjaiitiBS for 
 
 THE LINUSARIAN'S BENEVOLENT LOAN SO- 
 CIETY, 26, Mansell-street, is but of recent establishment, 
 but its purposes are represented as being very much of the 
 character described. It is for the object " of granting loans 
 to the industrious poor, free of all charge or interest, irre- 
 spective of creed or country." (Perhaps, a charge of mode- 
 rate interest, say 4 per cent., would be a desirable restriction). 
 
 The prospectus states, that the books of the society are 
 to be open for inspection every Tuesday and Wednesday even- 
 ing, from 8 o'clock until 10 ; and that its patron is Mr. 
 Alderman Humphrey, M.P., and its Honorary Secretary, 
 S. G. Tucker, Esq., 48, Great Prescot-st., Goodman's-fields. 
 
 The introduction of such funds, when wisely superintended, 
 have been found to work excellently well in many provincial 
 localities, both in England^ and Ireland^, producing the most 
 
 ■• At Tuubridge Wells, Hastings, and Brighton, there are loan soci- 
 ties of this character ; the present condition and future prospects of which 
 entirely agree with the views expressed, and justify the conclusion as to 
 their results. At the former place, especially, one was founded some years 
 since by Miss Challoner, upon benevolent grounds : she commenced with 
 £5 ; and what with the punctual repayment of loans, and the contribu- 
 tions of friends, there is now above X'500 afloat. The present working of 
 this, we are informed, affords the greatest satisfaction, and its benefits 
 now extend over no less than fifteen parishes, in the whole extent of 
 which there is not an eventual defaulter. 
 
 ^ Until the last great distress in Ireland, to no country have loan funds 
 proved a greater benefit amongst the labouring poor, or their mode of sup- 
 port been more honourable and liberal ; reflecting credit alike on all classes 
 for the regularity with which the system was worked, the small loss in- 
 curred, and the punctuality loith lohich the payments were made. Since 
 1843, it is to be deeply regretted that increasing distress has reduced, 
 and almost annihilated this power of peculiar usefulness. Whilst upon 
 the subject, it may prove useful, and certainly interesting, to observe how 
 thoroughly the state of these funds indicates the state of the couutrj', at 
 the same time that the earlier returns bear out our previous remarks. 
 The following is compiled from the reports, 7th to 11th, of the Commis- 
 sioners of the loan fund board of Ireland, pursuant to Acts 6th and 7th 
 Vict., cap. 98, for the years 1843 to 1849 :— 
 
 No.of loan funds & 
 Monts (le Piete 
 Amount circulated 
 No. of loans raised 
 Net profits applied 
 to charities .... 
 
 1843. 
 
 305 
 
 £1,681,841 
 
 669,398 
 
 14,149 
 
 1844. 
 
 263 
 
 1,708,719 
 
 530,839 
 
 9,047 
 
 1845. 
 
 260 
 
 1,870,337 
 
 592,658 
 
 9,762 
 
 1846. 
 
 255 
 
 1,778,591 
 
 51,983 
 
 8,404 
 
 232 
 867,115 
 252,651 
 
 1848. 
 
 178 
 719,134 
 201,356 
 
173 
 
 ^iMng tjiB Sn&nstrine. 
 
 beneficial results — banishiag pauperism, and elevating the 
 character of the people ; and therefore a trial of them may 
 be even re-attempted in London. 
 
 The following are the Loan Societies of the metropolis, 
 sanctioned by act of parliament ; supported each by its own 
 profits. The statistics are taken from the Parliamentary 
 Report of April 1846. 
 
 
 
 
 Gross 
 
 
 
 No. of loans 
 
 Amount 
 
 ProfiW 
 
 Expense 
 
 Name of Society, and place where held. 
 
 ITanted in 
 
 circulated 
 
 by Inte- 
 
 of man- 
 
 
 course of 
 
 in ditto. 
 
 rest and 
 
 agement. 
 
 
 year. 
 
 
 fees, &c. 
 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 £ 
 
 £ 
 
 Loan Society, Swallow-st., Piccadilly 
 
 17 
 
 100 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 Friendly Loan Society, Black Bull, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Upper Thames-street 
 
 36 
 
 177 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 Anchor, the, 104§, Leadeuhall street 
 
 312 
 
 1,780 
 
 796 
 
 39 
 
 Loan Society, 39, Wilstead- street. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Somers Town 
 
 175 
 
 416 
 
 30 
 
 28 
 
 Loan Society, 8, William-street, 
 
 
 Harts- Lane, Bethnal Green .... 
 
 100 
 
 250 
 
 22 
 
 14 
 
 Loan Society, Pitt's Head, Tyssen- 
 
 
 
 
 
 street, Bethnal Green 
 
 258 
 
 1,037 
 
 65 
 
 20 
 
 New Imperial Loan Society, 224, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tottenham-Court-Road 
 
 1,896 
 
 12,295 
 
 917 
 
 406 
 
 Loan Society, Red Lion, Spicer-st., 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mile-end New-town 
 
 371 
 
 176 
 
 796 
 384 
 
 95 
 13 
 
 
 Loan Society, 8, Brick-lane 
 
 16 
 
 New Sun Loan Society, 224, Tot- 
 
 
 
 
 
 tenham-Court Road 
 
 1,957 
 
 12,630 
 
 909 
 
 409 
 
 New Glohe Loan Society, 524, Tot- 
 
 
 
 tenham Court Road 
 
 920 
 
 5,470 
 
 396 
 
 187 
 
 Hope Loan Society, Thomas street, 
 
 
 Bethnal Green 
 
 128 
 
 299 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 Hand-in-Hand Loan Society, 177, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Church-street, Shoreditch 
 
 210 
 
 560 
 
 38 
 
 22 
 
 Sons of True Temperance Loan So- 
 
 
 
 
 
 ciety, 177, Church-st., Shoreditch 
 
 258 
 
 612 
 
 53 
 
 17 
 
 Equitable Loan Society, Hayfield, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mile-end-road 
 
 726 
 
 3,443 
 
 235 
 
 110 
 
 Friend in Need Loan Society, 1, 
 
 
 Mape-street, Bethnal Green . . , . 
 
 416 
 
 1,553 
 
 88 
 
 29 
 
 Loan Society, Glohe Coffee-house, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Union-street, Spitalfields 
 
 15 
 
 39 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 British Loan Society, 26, Brown's- 
 
 
 
 
 
 lane, Spitalfields 
 
 342 
 
 1,277 
 
 77 
 
 39 
 
LOAN 
 
 174 
 
 Cliaritirs far 
 
 Imperial, the, Jacob's Well, Well- 
 street, Mile-end 
 
 Equitable, (the), the \Miittington, 
 Church-row, Bethnal Green-road 
 
 East London, the Woodman Tavern, 
 White-street, Bethnal Green .... 
 
 Albion Loan Society, 83, Bunhill- 
 row, St. Luke's 
 
 Stebonheath Loan Society, 18, Went- 
 worth-place, Mile-end-road .... 
 
 Cannon Loan Society, 6, Canning- 
 street, Old-street 
 
 Albion Loan Society, 95, Miltonst., 
 Finsbury 
 
 Rock Loan Society, Boyal Oak Ta- 
 vern, Abbey-st., Bethnal Green. . 
 
 Good Samaritan Loan Society, 177, 
 Church-street, Bethnal Green . . 
 
 Bee Hive Loan Society, the Peacock 
 Tavern, Bethnal Green 
 
 Amicable Loan Society, 30, King- 
 street, Long-acre 
 
 Hand-in-Hand, Gold Beaters' Arms, 
 Hunt-street, Mile-end New-town 
 
 Friendly Brothers.GeorgetheFourth, 
 Green-street, Bethnal-green .... 
 
 Helping Hand (The), Well and 
 Bucket, Church-street, Bethnal 
 Green 
 
 New Loan Society, the George, 
 George-street, Chelsea 
 
 Benevolent Loan Society, 51,' Man- 
 sell-street, Goodman's-fields .... 
 
 Temperance Loan Society, 16, 
 Queen's-place, Islington 
 
 Provident Loan Society, 3, Church- 
 street, Bethnal Green 
 
 Working Man's Loan Society, 177, 
 Church-street, Shoreditch 
 
 East London Loan Society, 177, 
 Church-street, Shoreditch 
 
 Victoria Loan Society, 84, Friar- 
 street, Southwark 
 
 Total, 39 Loan Societies. 
 
 
 £ 
 
 £ 
 
 470 
 
 1,669 
 
 110 
 
 229 
 
 759 
 
 49 
 
 8 
 
 37 
 
 2 
 
 287 
 
 1,732 
 
 1643 
 
 238 
 
 543 
 
 36 
 
 205 
 
 657 
 
 43 
 
 220 
 
 580 
 
 38 
 
 168 
 
 682 
 
 56 
 
 64 
 
 165 
 
 12 
 
 133 
 
 630 
 
 42 
 
 160 
 
 400 
 
 38 
 
 24 
 
 95 
 
 6 
 
 52 
 
 199 
 
 14 
 
 314 
 
 1,240 
 
 100 
 
 74 
 
 370 
 
 31 
 
 66 
 
 96 
 
 22 
 
 89 
 
 235 
 
 
 245 
 
 615 
 
 43 
 
 84 
 
 248 
 
 9 
 
 249 
 
 680 
 
 46 
 
 168 
 
 
 75 
 
 11,800 
 
 56,012 
 
 6,179 
 
 1,715 
 
175 
 
 ^iMng \^ ^ntostrinns. 
 
 Savings hanhs may justly be considered within the scope 
 of the present chapter, as institutions beneficial to the pro- 
 yident and industrious. 
 
 They took their rise from the accumulation of stock of 
 benefit societies for various progressive purposes, requiring a 
 plan to identify their funds with the public debt of the 
 country. An extra rate of interest was held out as an in- 
 ducement : hence, " savings banks to receive small sums, 
 returnable, with interest, on demand," were formed.^ They 
 were brought under regulation of parliament in 1816 ; and 
 the act to consolidate and amend previous laws relating 
 thereto was passed, 9 George IV, 1828 ; and extended to Scot- 
 land, 6 William IV, September 9, 1835. The savings banks 
 and depositors in Great Britain and Ireland at the present 
 time may be thus stated (according to the Parliamentary 
 Returns of June 1849) : — 
 
 
 No. of 
 Savings Banks 
 
 No. of 
 Accounts. 
 
 Average Rate 
 of Interest. 
 
 Amount of 
 Deposits. 
 
 England and Wales. . 
 
 481 
 
 40 
 
 61 
 
 2 
 
 909,336 
 
 85,472 
 
 50,119 
 
 9,736 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 
 2 18 6 
 2 16 9 
 
 2 17 3 
 
 3 
 
 £ 
 
 25,371,176 
 
 1,080,191 
 
 1,358,062 
 
 236,710 
 
 
 British Islands 
 
 Total 
 
 584 
 
 1,054,663 
 
 2 18 1 
 
 28.046,139 
 
 
 The following affords at one view every useful particular 
 respecting the savings banks in London and immediate vici- 
 nity, compiled from the same returns, with the name of the 
 senior stipendiary officer tO each, as the most actively con- 
 versant with its affairs. 
 
 [savings banks. 
 
 ^ The idea was first given birth to by Mr. Bentham, in 1797, under 
 the designation of " Frugality Banks"; but the first bank actually insti- 
 tuted for the benefit of the poor, was established, in 1803, at Tottenham, 
 by Mrs. Elizabeth Wakefield; the first in Edinburgh, in 1814 ; and, in 
 1816, they became general throughout England, under Parliamentary 
 regulations. 
 
176 
 
 CljaritiBS for 
 
 Savings Banka. 
 
 No. of 
 Deposi- 
 tors, 
 
 Amount j 
 of present Amt.of 
 deposits, annual 
 
 invested 
 with Nat 
 
 Debt 
 Commiss. 
 
 salaries & 
 
 other 
 managing 
 expenses. 
 
 Bloomfield-street (The), Moorfields, 
 late Bishopsgate-street. David 
 Martin, Esq., Comptroller and 
 SecretEiry 
 
 Bloomsbury (The), Montague-street 
 Thomas Thomson, Esq., Actuary. 
 
 Camden Town. Henry Bartlett, Esq , 
 Actuary , 
 
 Chelsea. Thomas JeflFrie, Esq., Se- 
 cretary 
 
 Covent Garden. Mr. William Cribb, 
 Secretary 
 
 Farringdon Street William Under- 
 bill, Esq., Actuary 
 
 Finsbury. W. N. Wortley, Esq., 
 Actuary 
 
 Fitzroy-square.SO, Upper Charlotte 
 street. J. Mahon Muston, Esq., 
 Secretary 
 
 Fulham, Mr. William Harvey, Se 
 cretary 
 
 Hoxton. Mr. G. E. Hony church. 
 Secretary 
 
 Islington. Robert Oldershaw, Esq. 
 Secretary and Agent 
 
 Kensington. Mr. John Lane, Ac- 
 tuary 
 
 Lambeth. W. Davies, Esq., Actuary. 
 
 St. John's. W. Davies, Esq., 
 
 Secretary 
 
 Limehouse. John Ingus, Esq., Ac- 
 tuary 
 
 Paddington. F. J. Fuller, Esq., Se- 
 cretary 
 
 Rotherhithe. Mr, W, Akam, Clerk... 
 
 St. Clement Danes, Strand 
 
 St. Giles without, Cripplegate. Messrs 
 John and Charles Ellis, Sectrs... 
 
 St. Martin's Place. Edward Boodle 
 Esq., Secretary and Comptroller... 
 
 2 17 6 
 
 2 18 4 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 16 
 
 2 18 4 
 
 3 
 
 3 10 
 
 3 10 
 
 2 17 6 
 
 2 15 6 
 
 2 18 4 
 2 15 6 
 
 2 15 6 
 
 2 18 4 
 
 2 15 6 
 2 16 3 
 2 18 4 
 
 2 17 
 
 2 18 4 
 
 41,351 
 18,408 
 1,139 
 7,787 
 1,421 
 4,733 
 7,502 
 
 5,579 
 
 22] 
 
 1,004 
 
 2,443 
 
 1,573 
 2,978 
 
 1,130 
 
 2,1 
 
 4,2 67 
 
 553 
 
 4,037 
 
 3,156 
 
 37,214 
 
 726,410 
 
 460,612 
 13,325 
 
 127,009 
 25,455 
 77,527 
 
 182,339 
 
 118,257 
 
 3,526 
 
 6,237 
 
 43,077 
 
 32,490 
 54,980 
 
 20,676 
 
 39,474 
 
 46,463 
 
 6,276 
 83,690 
 
 67,877 
 
 1,113,484 
 
 3,896 
 1,909 
 79 
 591 
 154 
 526 
 836 
 
 511 
 16 
 37 
 
 249 
 
 177 
 375 
 
 142 
 
 243 
 
 276 
 
 50 
 
 720 
 
 413 
 
 6,187 
 
177 
 
 SAVINGS 
 
 £itog tjjr iSukstriiras. 
 
 St. Marylebone. Douglas Fleming 
 
 Esq., Secretary and Actuary 
 
 Southwark. Thomas Day Esq., Sec. 
 Stoke Newinglon. Archer Simons 
 
 Actuary 
 
 Wandsworth Mr. J. P. Hembert 
 
 Actuary 
 
 Westminster Sessions House. Mr. 
 
 Henry Poole, Actuary 
 
 Whitehapel. J. I, Holey, Esq., Sec 
 
 2 17 4 
 2 18 4 
 
 19.109 
 12,730 
 
 291,386 
 256,711 
 
 2 18 6 
 
 712 
 
 11,783 
 
 2 15 6 
 
 354 
 
 6,458 
 
 2 18 4 
 2 17 6 
 
 2,544 
 
 7,198 
 
 43,976 
 145,355 
 
 2 18 
 
 149,465 
 
 4,004,913 
 
 2,164 
 1,020 
 
 67 
 
 40 
 
 223 
 
 582 
 
 Savings' working banks, and banks for small provident 
 savings, are attached to all well managed and complete dis- 
 trict visiting societies ; and few measures are of more gene- 
 rally acknowledged value to the industrious of each locality. 
 
 THE PARENT PENNY SA VINOS' WORKING 
 BANK, lb, Red Lion-street, High Holborn. Instituted 
 1818. Is the FIRST of this class ; and forms a fair example 
 of others of the same design ; well deserving of additional 
 support. The bank is conducted by ladies, every Thursday, 
 from 12 to 2 o'clock, at Mrs. Bardon's, 75, Red Lion-street, 
 Holborn. Supported by subscriptions : — For every seven 
 shillings, one recommendation. Every depositor, paying 
 one penny per week, causes an expense to the bank of one 
 shilling, for making up the clothing ; every child recom- 
 mended, four shillings and four-pence ; making up clothes 
 for recommendation, one shilling ; total advantage, six shil- 
 lings and four-pence. Girls, according to their abilities, can 
 earn from four shillings and sixpence to fourteen shillings, 
 by steady best work. Only depositors can share these ad- 
 vantages. Treasurers, Mrs. Short, 43, Great Ormond-street, 
 and Mrs. Carr. 
 
 THE LONDON PENNY BANK, St. Jude's School- 
 room, Commercial-street, Whitechapel. Appears to be a 
 local experiment of a scheme, designed by its founder^ to be as 
 
 ^ Mr. James M. Scott, the founder of this and two other institutions, 
 established on the same general principle, at Greenock and Hull, repre- 
 sents that he is prepared to neqociate for the formation of Penny Banks 
 in any part of London. Each bank to ba under the general superin- 
 tendence of Mr. Scott, subject to the direction and control of any three 
 trustees, twelve directors, aud one treasurer, of undoubted character, resi- 
 dent in each locality. 
 
 12 
 
178 
 
 CjiaritiBS for aiWng i^t Sntorinns. 
 
 national as Mr. Rowland Hill's penny post. This district bank 
 is open from 5 to 7 o'clock every evening (Sundays excepted), 
 for the deposit of any sum of money not less than one penny 
 or more than five shillings at one time, repayable at the end 
 of the year with interest, or upon demand previously without 
 interest. On the last Wednesday in January 1851, when all 
 the deposits are repaid, interest, it is stated, will be allowed 
 to every depositor as under : — One shilling for every twenty 
 shillings, lodged in not less than fifty weekly payments ; 
 sixpence for every twenty shillings, lodged in not less than 
 thirty weekly payments. No interest on smaller sums or on 
 any fractions. The result of the last fortnight's operations 
 (ending February 20, 1850),* will afibrd an idea that it may 
 reasonably be expected to confer a benefit on the working 
 classes, if but efficiently directed, — deposits, 4724; depositors, 
 1517 ; amount deposited, £145 : 10s. 
 
 Copy of the rules, with list of trustees, directors, etc., may 
 be obtained on application at the bank. 
 
 ^ The return from the Hull Penny Bank exhibits, for the six months 
 ending February 28, 1850, 5,541 depositors ; and the amount collected 
 in pence, £1,207 lis. 2d. 
 
 Note. — Canterbury Settlement, New Zealand, referred to page 139. 
 Since the remarks were printed, our attention has been drawn to an 
 association lately formed to advance the interests of the settlement, and 
 aid emigration thereto. The Archbishop of Canterbury is announced as 
 the president, John Hutt, Esq., as the chairman of the committee of 
 management, and J. R. Godley, Esq., the resident chief agent in New 
 Zealand. Information respecting the plans and progress of the associa- 
 tion, may be obtained upon application to the secretary, Mr. H. F. 
 Alston, at the office, 41, Charing Cross. 
 
179 
 
 CjiaritiM far tlje Hint 
 
 CHAPTER IX 
 
 CHARITIES FOR THE BLIND AND THE 
 DEAF AND DUMB. 
 
 Visiting the Indigent Blind. — Teaching the Blind to read. — School for 
 the Indigent Blind. — Annuities for the Necessitous Blind. — Asylum 
 for the Education and Support of the Indigent Deaf and Dumh. — 
 Charitable and Provident Fund for the Deaf and Dumb.— Employment 
 and Religious Instruction of the Adult Deaf and Dumb. 
 
 The great importance of the objects aimed at by these char 
 rities, together with the peculiar claims of the classes for 
 whom they are designed, form full and sufficient reasons for 
 devoting a chapter to their exclusive consideration. The 
 assertion of Dr. Lettsom, at the commencement of his hu- 
 mane advocacy of the indigent blind charities, is sufficiently 
 confirmed by every experience of the working of the two 
 great asylums, — for instructing the blind, and the deaf 
 and dumb — that " he who enables a blind person, without 
 anyexcessof labour, to earn his own livelihood, does him more 
 real service than if he had pensioned him for life." This, we 
 repeat, is equally true as applied to the instruction rendered 
 the deaf and dumb ; and may be recognized without in any 
 degree detracting from the value of the assistance afforded 
 them by pension societies, which are designed to give the 
 needful support that increasing age or infirmities render 
 them otherwise unable to procure. The peculiar benefit 
 attached to the charities for instructing these afflicted classes 
 is, that such training and instruction call into action other 
 powers of body and mind, which they may hitherto have 
 been unable to exercise ; afford active and useful employ- 
 ment for hours which would otherwise be spent only in 
 
180 
 
 INDIGENT BLIND CljantifS fit! VISITING, A.D. 1834 
 
 gloom and despondency; and prevent that aggravation of 
 suffering which those who endure such peculiar deprivations 
 often experience, viz., the humiliating idea that they are 
 useless in themselves, and a burden to others. 
 
 Thus these various societies, whether for instructing, assist- 
 ing, or supporting the blind and deaf and dumb, appear to 
 claim particular commendation, and, where need be, are en- 
 titled to cordial support. They are instrumental in affording 
 the means of present comfort and happiness to a very large 
 class of suffering humanity, elevating them from a dark and 
 dreary state of ignorance to a participation of much active 
 and useful employment, and to the pleasures of social and 
 intellectual intercourse ; and if some few of the ordinary 
 enjoyments of the life that now is, be, by the will of God's 
 inscrutable wisdom, still withheld from them, yet are they, 
 by means of these same institutions, permitted to learn the 
 nature and foundation of a hope full of immortality, and 
 that fadeth not away. 
 
 The institutions thus referred to consist of, — 
 For visiting, relieving, and instructing the 
 blind, 3 ; for granting annuities to the 
 blind, 5 ; for support and instruction of 
 the deaf and dumb, 2 ; provident fund 
 for deaf and dumb, 1. Total . . 11 
 
 Aggregate annual income . . . .£34,762 
 
 Derived from voluntary contributions, in- 
 clusive ..... .£11,965 
 
 INDIGENT BLIND VISITING SOCIETY, 20, Red 
 Lion-square. Instituted 1834. This is one of the many in- 
 stitutions in London struggling to occupy a sphere of useful- 
 ness for which its receipts scarcely qualify it, and yet effect- 
 ing very much, if not by what it actually accomplishes, by 
 quietly developing a valuable means of good ; with a hope 
 of diverting such an amount of benevolent support to the 
 cause, as shall eventually place its operations beyond the 
 precariousness of a fluctuating income. Such, in their earliest 
 years, were the finest and most flourishing charities of the 
 present day — even the Deaf and Dumb Institution, the Blind 
 Asylum , etc. ; so that there exists every reason for the pro- 
 moters of really good institutions to persevere ; and it re- 
 mains only for a discriminating benevolence occasionally to 
 eheer them on by a helping hand. The object is to assist 
 
181 
 
 TEACHING THE ^vjjB ^Hll}!. BLIND TO HEAD, A.D. 1839 
 
 and ameliorate the condition of the blind poor, resident in 
 London and its vicinity, by providing them with testaments 
 of the raised print, with daily readers of the scriptures, and 
 with conductors to church. The present number of blind 
 poor on the list is 200 : these are regularly visited by the 
 scripture-readers, of whom there are five, and from time to 
 time are afforded temporary relief. The income depends 
 wholly on voluntary contributions, and realized last year only 
 ^670, being nearly ^200 less than the expenditure. 
 
 Ten shillings or upwards per annum, or donations of £5 or 
 upwards, constitute members, with the privilege of having 
 one blind person on the society's books. 
 
 President, Lord Ashley. — Treasurer, John Labouchere, Esq. — 
 Chairman of the Committee, J. D. Paul, Esq. — Honorary Secre- 
 tary, Wm. Way, Esq. — Collector, Mr Stone, 250, Blackfriars- 
 road. 
 
 LONDON SOCIETY for TEACHING the BLIND to 
 READ, 1, Avenue-road, St. John's Wood. Instituted 1839. 
 This society is instrumental in imparting both secular know- 
 ledge and sound fundamental doctrines of Christianity to 
 those afflicted by blindness : teaching them reading by Mr. 
 Lucas's method of raised print. 
 
 Boarders are received into the institution upon the ad- 
 vanced payment, either by themselves or any benevolent in- 
 dividuals, of £1 10s., if under ten years of age ; or, if above 
 that age, £10 for every six months, and so on in proportion, 
 that period having been found, by experience, sufficient for 
 a person of moderate abilities, not only to read, but to instruct 
 others. The present number of inmates is 27 male, and 28 
 female boarders. For the convenience of such as are unable 
 to obtain an entrance, an evening school is supported, in the 
 vicinity of Gray's-inn-lane ; and it is in contemplation to 
 increase the Society's usefulness, by opening similar schools 
 in other parts of London. The annual income from voluntary 
 sources amounts to about £750; from payments for boarders, 
 £450 : these together cover the expenditure. The school at 
 the Avenue-road is open for the inspection of visitors, any 
 day except Saturday, from 2 till 5 o'clock. 
 
 One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitute 
 a member entitled to send one child annually. 
 
 President, the Bishop of London. — Treasurer, ITiomas Hankey, 
 Esq., 7, Fenchurch-street. — Honorary Secretary, Rev. E. Garbett. 
 
182 
 
 SCHOOIi FOR INDIGENT ChStilirS ffll BLIND, A.D. 1799 
 
 — Ladies' Secretary, Mrs. Percival Johnson, 38, Mecklenburgh- 
 square. — Honorary Physician, Theophilus Thompson, Esq., M.D, 
 — Honorary Surgeon, W. W. Cooper, Esq. — Assistant Secretary 
 and Collector, Mr. Harben, 64, Camden-road villas. 
 
 THE SCHOOL FOR THE INDIGENT BLIND, 
 
 St. George's-fields, Surrey. Instituted 1799.^ The object of 
 this institution is the education of the blind — the imparting 
 to them that religious knowledge which shall set before them 
 their duty to God and man, and render them wise unto sal- 
 vation ; and the instructing them in a trade, by which they 
 may be able to provide, either wholly or in part, for their 
 future subsistence. The benefits are extended to both sexes, 
 who, when admitted, are clothed, boarded, lodged, and in- 
 structed. All applicants under ten or above twenty-five 
 years of age, or who have a greater degree of sight than will 
 enable them to distinguish light from darkness, cannot be 
 placed on the list of candidates. The committee state, they 
 have found that pupils between the age of twelve and 
 eighteen have derived the greatest benefit from the instruc- 
 tion received at the school. 
 
 The pupils may be seen at work between the hours of ten 
 and twelve in the forenoon, and two and five in the after- 
 noon, on every day except Saturdays and Sundays. Any 
 person desirous for the admission of a pupil, may obtain 
 printed papers of questions and engagements at the school; 
 to which answers in writing will be required, attested in 
 the manner therein specified. The number of pupils has 
 been gradually increased from 15 males to 85 males and 86 
 females ; and a manufactory has been established, where 
 articles made entirely by them were sold last year for 
 £1291. lis. 2d. Exclusive of those who have been placed on 
 the permanent establishment or died in the institution, as 
 many as 393 persons have returned to their families, able, 
 
 ^ The example was first set at Liverpool, for the formation of this 
 charity. It was one quicltly followed, and mainly through the exertions 
 of Messrs. Thomas Boddington, Samuel Bosanquet, James Ware, and 
 William Houlston. Under their zeal and liberality this promising 
 school surmounted every difficult}', and quickly obtained a large measure 
 of public support. The Society's operations were at first conducted 
 at the " Dog and Duck," in St. George's-fields ; but this, and subsequently 
 even more commodious premises, becoming too limited, negociations were 
 opened with the Governors of the Foundling Hospital, for a long lease of 
 part of their lands adjoining to Gray's-Inn-road ; the purchase of which 
 
183 
 
 REV.W.HETHERINGTOn's ^ht 5Blinil. CHARITY, A.D. 1774 
 
 in many instances, to earn a livelihood, according to their 
 abilities.' 
 
 The annual cost of this establishment averages ^8,000, 
 which is well covered by the receipts, derived from voluntary 
 contributions to an extent of £5,476; from dividends to nearly 
 ^2,000, and from payments and sale of goods to £1,300. 
 
 Annual subscribers have the privilege of one vote, appli- 
 cable to each vacancy, for every guinea they subscribe ; and 
 each member for life one vote, for every 10 guineas. 
 
 President, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurer, Samuel 
 Richard Bosanquet, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. J. R. Foot, A.M. — 
 Secretary and Solicitor, Mr. Thomas Grueber, 5, Billiter-street. 
 — Physician, Dr. Back.— Consulting Surgeon, M. Ware, Esq. — 
 Surgeons and Apothecaries, Messrs. Sterry and Son. — Superin- 
 tendent of the School, Mr. Robert Sharp. — Housekeeper, Mrs. 
 Hannaford. — Matron of the Female School, Mrs. Grove. — Col- 
 lectors : Mr. William Davis, 17, Canterbury Place, Lambeth ; 
 Mr. John WUliams, 36, Norfolk-square, Brighton. 
 
 THE REV. W. HETHERINGTON'S CHARITY 
 TO THE BLIND. Established 1774.^ This gentleman, 
 in his life-time, enabled the governors of Christ's Hospital to 
 pay annuities of £10 each to fifty blind persons,^ in the 
 
 was finally completed for £1000 3 per cents. Soon after, however, the 
 Governors were led to see the injudicious part they were taking, in remov- 
 ing so far from the locality of their original foundation, and were induced 
 to apply to the Corporation of London for a lease of the present site. So 
 impressed were they with the favourable reception met with at their first 
 interview with the Court, that they immediately treated with the Found- 
 ling Hospital for a surrender of their late purchase. This was finally 
 agreed to ; and after arrangements with the City Corporation enabled 
 the Governors to obtain two acres near the Obelisk, occupied by the pre- 
 sent commodious building. 
 
 ^ Two of the male pupils, and one female, recently obtained the ap- 
 pointments of organist to churches, at the salaries of it'50, ^£'30, and £20, 
 per annum, in the most gratifying manner. 
 
 ^ The original deed, dated 29th March, 1774, mentions the transfer of 
 £20;000, old South-Sea annuities, to certain trustees, for the purpose of 
 " paying into the treasury of Christ's Hospital £100 per annum" (one- 
 sixth of the dividend), to defray the expenses of distributing the remain- 
 ing £500. 
 
 3 Mr. Hetherington's expectations were fully realized, for within eight 
 years his example was followed by Thomas Coventry, Esq., making a 
 similar provision for thirty more pensioners ; and in the year 1800, by 
 various gifts, the fund produced sufficient for 400, — Dr. George Harris' 
 bequest alone providing for 96 (£1,000 per annum). The present num- 
 ber of pensioners is 615. 
 
184 
 
 THE BLIND MAn'S CjltUltifS fOt FRIEND, A.D. 1836 
 
 hope that his example would be followed by other benevolent 
 characters, and the governors have recently given public 
 notice, that from the very munificent additions made to Mr. 
 Hetherington's original fund, by deed of gift and by will, 
 they are now enabled to extend the annuity to upwards of 
 600 persons. 
 
 Forms of application may be obtained by personal appli- 
 cation, or that of a friend, (not by post) at the counting 
 house of the hospital. The elections take place half yearly, 
 in February and November. 
 
 The leading qualifications are as follow : and unless the 
 parties can respectively prove themselves strictly within 
 them, the applications in their behalf will be entirely fruit- 
 less. — Birth and residence in England, to the exclusion of 
 Wales and Berwick-upon-Tweed. — Age sixty-one years, and 
 upwards. Residence, three years in their present abode ; and 
 total blindness during that period. Income,if any, under £20 
 per annum : those who have ever begged, received alms, or 
 are deemed objects for parish relief, day labourers of every 
 denomination, soldiers and sailors, servants, and journeymen 
 in any handicrafts, or persons living by turning a mangle, 
 are excluded from the benefit of these charities, which are in- 
 tended "for those who have been reputably brought up, and 
 who need some addition to what they have, to make life 
 more comfortable under the misfortune of blindness." 
 
 The annual number of eligible applicants is nearly 220, 
 and from these, 80 or 90 (100 has been attained) are selected. 
 The committee of almoners, the electors, always choose a large 
 proportion of the oldest applicants, although on their first 
 petition only ; consequently, petitioners of 61 have, not un- 
 frequently, to repeat their application six or seven years. 
 Clerk, George TroUope, Esq. 
 
 THE BLIND MA N'S FRIEND, 29, Saville Row. Under 
 this expressive and well-deserved title, is a second charity of 
 similar extensive usefulness to the last ; which, by the judi- 
 cious liberality of one individual,^ has been saved all necessity 
 
 ^ Tlipre is no doubt, however, that a large additional amount could be 
 annually well distributed, judging from the extraordinary number of 
 applicants, both for this and the preceding funds ; and we know not how 
 any better almoners could be found to distribute the liberality of such 
 as desire to benefit the distressed blind in a similar manner ; than the 
 trustees of these funds. 
 
185 
 
 stock's charities, in 3^|tt UlinJl. GIFT OF painters' COMP. 
 
 for obtruding itself upon public notice, and yet annually 
 diffuses its benefits to the poor objects contemplated by the 
 benevolent founder, to an extent of „£4000, without occasion 
 to solicit the slightest additional assistance. 
 
 The late Mr. Charles Day, of the well-known firm of Day 
 and Martin, died towards the end of 1836, leaving the 
 princely sum of £100,000, for the benefit of distressed per- 
 sons suffering under a similar affliction to that which he had 
 experienced himself, the deprivatio7i of sight ; during 1838, 
 a scheme was determined upon in chancery, whereby the 
 design could be best carried out, and this was effected in 
 strict accordance with his will, and the whole details of 
 management vested in the trustees as named therein. 
 
 In 1839 the fund commenced its operations with the past 
 two years' accrued interest, and at the present time, no less 
 than 271 blind persons are in the receipt of pensions, as under, 
 viz., 63 at £20 each per annum ; 75 at £16 ; 136 at £12. 
 
 The election of pensioners rests exclusively with the trea- 
 surer and three trustees, who meet every quarter to con- 
 sider petitions and select the most deserving ; they are sub- 
 jected to searching inquiry, and when approved of and elected, 
 each pension is dependant on a satisfactory renewal of the 
 necessary certificates every quarter ; each payment is made 
 quarterly in advance ; the amount of pension is regulated 
 by the resources of each case respectively. 
 
 Applicants must be wholly blind, objects for benevolent 
 relief, and residents in England, Wales, or Scotland : no form 
 of application is required, but a petition must be sent stating 
 in full the particular details of the case : name, residence, 
 age, employment, amount of income, length of blindness, <fec.; 
 the same to be signed by the clergyman and churchwarden 
 of the parish, as certifying their belief in general correct- 
 ness, also by at least two housekeepers to whom the petitioner 
 is personally known. Treasurer, John Simpson, Esq. 29, 
 Saville Row, Old Burlington Street, 
 
 PAINTERS' CHARITIES TO THE BLIND, V&mtQxi' 
 Hall, Queenhithe, consists of pensions of £10, provided by 
 the wills of John Stock and others, and distributed by the 
 Painters' Company. The number of pensioners is 173, whose 
 ages vary from 61 to 100 years ; and although the rules are 
 most stringent, the funds are not adequate to relieve one half 
 of the number of qualified applicants. Petitions are issued 
 
186 
 
 painters' CUARITIES CtjSritilS fnr FOR THE BLIND, <fcc. 
 
 from the clerk's iaffice, between the hours of 11 and 3, from 
 the 25th October until the 30th November, but no petition 
 will be given unless the applicants come within the following 
 qualifications : — Birth in England ; totally blind for three 
 years ; unable to support themselves ; have no income above 
 XlO per annum ; have never received alms, or been com- 
 mon beggars ; of sober habits and conversation ; and sixty- 
 one years of age. The election takes place every second 
 week in December. The pensions are paid in advance on the 
 second Wednesday in January and first Wednesday in each 
 succeeding months. 
 
 John Stock's Charity to Poor Lame Painters, is also in the 
 gift of the Painters' Company, and although only of a local 
 character, is inserted here in order to call the attention of 
 the benevolent to a class of persons, who, from their occupa- 
 tion, are subject to diseases which exclude them from the 
 generality of benefit clubs, &c. Such are partially but quite 
 inadequately relieved by this fund. It is more especially for 
 those who are employed in the business of house and ship 
 painting, and in consequence of its pernicious effects, hurt 
 in health, lame, <fec., and are freemen of the company; in 
 default of a sufficient number, then those who are not free- 
 men. 
 
 Forms of petition may be had on the 20th December, and 
 following days, and must be returned filled up before the 
 first Wednesday in January, by eleven o'clock. The present 
 number of pensioners is 10. 
 
 Master, Jeremiah Hodgson, Esq., Court of Commissioners of 
 Bankrupts. — Treasurers: David Allan, Esq., 4, Lothbury ; Sir 
 W. H. Poland, Cloak-lane, Queen-street. — Beadle, Mr. W. H. 
 Main, 4, Little Trinity-lane.— Clerk, P. N. Tomlins, Esq. 
 
 Came's Charity to the Blind, arises from a similar fund in- 
 vested according to the will of Mr. Came, in the Cordwainer's 
 Company, for blind men of 46 years of age, and blind wo- 
 men of 40 years of age ; applications for which are to be 
 made by petition before 10th of November in each year. 
 
 A Charity to the Deaf and Dumb, is likewise derived from 
 this same fund, consisting of pensions available to deaf and 
 dumb men of not less than 40 years of age, and women of 
 not less than 25 years of age, resident within 100 miles of 
 London, and not receiving parochial relief. Applications 
 must be sent in before the first of June. 
 
187 
 
 ASYLUM FOR DEAF Sfflf 31I& HDIIIII. AND DDMB, A.D. 1792 
 
 Forms and other information afforded by Mr. James 
 Josiah Millard, at the Company's Hall, 17, Great Distaff 
 Lane. 
 
 ASYLUM for the SUPPORT and EDUCATION of 
 DEAF and DUMB CHILDREN, Old Kent Road, Surrey. 
 Instituted 1792,^ for the benefit of such children only as are 
 deaf and dumb, not being deficient in intellect. No child is 
 eligible under the age of eight years and a half, nor above 
 eleven and a half ; and before any can be admitted as can- 
 didates, the proper form must be filled up and signed. If 
 the child is of sufficient age to be admitted, the paper must 
 be returned to the secretary, on or before the first Monday 
 in April or October. Parents or friends, not in indigent cir- 
 cumstances, may, by paying ^£20 annually for board, get 
 their children in on the pay list. Private pupils are also re- 
 ceived by the principal. The asylum is open to inspection 
 daily, Sundays excepted. The most convenient time is from 
 eleven till one o'clock. Two hundred and ninety is the pre- 
 sent number of children wholly maintained by the charity. 
 
 Ten guineas at one payment, or one guinea per annum, 
 constitute a governor, who is entitled to one vote at the 
 elections of children into the asylum. Two elections take 
 
 ^ The present building was completed, and opened for the reception 
 of inmates, Oct. 5, 1809 ; the Society celebrated the event by a public 
 thanksgiving at the church of St Mary Magdalen, Bermondsey, the • 
 Rev. Samuel Crowther delivering the sermon. 
 
 2 Amongst the earliest founders and promoters of this charity, must be 
 mentioned the Revs. John Townsend and H. C. Mason, who indeed 
 were the first to call public attention to the distresses of the indigent 
 deaf and dumb in England ; in connexion, however, with their humane 
 efforts, must also be included those of their contemporaries, Mr. Braid- 
 wood of Edinburgh, the Abbes de I'Epee and Sicard of Paris, Mr. Baker 
 of London, and Mr. Orpen of Dublin. The Edinburgh asylum was the 
 first opened in Great Britain 1773; and the Claremont Asylum, at 
 Dublin, was opened in 1816. In France, the treatment pursued and 
 recommended by the Abbe I'Epee has been most successful ; and there 
 are, at the present time, several institutions developing the success of the 
 treatment he established. There are some well authenticated instances 
 of the successful education of the deaf and dumb, by Pedro de Ponce and 
 others, even so far back as the sixteenth century ; and doubtless such 
 facts served greatly to stimulate the benevolent efforts since devoted to 
 the same purpose, — especially the case of the two children educated by 
 Dr. Pereira. They were born deaf and dumb ; but, under his treatment, 
 were enabled to astonish the Academy of Sciences at Paris, 1748, by their 
 acquirements. 
 
188 
 
 CHARITABLE AND CjlilritifS fflt PROVIDENT, A.D. 1836 
 
 place each year ; on the second Mondays in July and 
 January. The funds are in a most prosperous state, the in- 
 come being nearly £10,000 per annum, a sum considerably 
 more than covering the expenditure, according to last year's 
 cash statement ; this amount is derived from subscriptions, 
 donations, and legacies, to the extent of £4,500 ; from pay- 
 ments for children's board. Sic, £372 ; and from dividends 
 and rent, £4561. The funded stock is little under £150,000. 
 
 President, the Duke of Buccleuch. — Treasurer, William Not- 
 tidge, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Rev. William Curling, A.M. — 
 Secretary, Mr. Charles Nottidge, to whom all communications are 
 requested to be addressed, at the asylum. — Principal, Thomas 
 James Watson, Esq.— Physician, Benjamin Guy Babington, Esq., 
 M.D. — Surgeon, Edward Cock, Esq. — Oculist, Martin Ware, Esq. 
 — ^Apothecaries, Messrs. Castle and l\imer. — Collector, Mr. J. 
 R. Hanbury, 83, Gracechiu-ch-street. 
 
 The following may be regarded in the light of useful ad- 
 juncts to the operations of the Asylum, the Governors of 
 which have given their unqualified approval to their chari- 
 table and provident design. 
 
 CHARITABLE S PROVIDENT SOCIETY for the 
 DEAF <& DUMB, Radley's Hotel, New Bridge-street, Black- 
 friars. Established 1836. The object of this society is to grant 
 small annual pensions to those persons among the poor, who 
 were either born deaf, or lost their hearing before the age of 
 ten years, and who have attained the age of sixty, or become 
 so infirm as to be incapable of obtaining their livelihood by 
 following their occupations ; also to encourage industrious 
 and provident habits among deaf and dumb workmen, by con- 
 ferring further advantages on those who contribute periodical 
 sums in support of this society, such as the right of priority 
 in receiving pensions, and the benefit of some yearly allowance 
 upon their contributions, should the income of the society 
 permit. Five pounds in one payment, or 10s. 6d. annually, 
 constitutes a member, with one vote for every such payment. 
 The present number of pensioners is eighteen, receiving from 
 £5 to £1 each annually, which is to be increased as the funds 
 will allow. The committee record it as a gratifying fact, 
 that not one case coming within the scope of the society's 
 rules and regulations, has hitherto been rejected. The an- 
 nual income is about ^£120, half derived from voluntary con- 
 
189 
 
 EMPLOYMENT AND 'ii/]^t ^Jilf M^ BUlltll. INSTRUCTION, 1841 
 
 tributions, and half from members' contributions and divi- 
 dends. The amount of funds is under £500. 
 
 Treasurer, Henry Johnson, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. 
 John Hamilton. — Assistant Secretary, Mr. Margetts, Mr. Low's, 
 3, Elm-court, Temple. — Bankers, Messrs. Gosling and Co. 
 
 INSTITUTION for the EMPLOYMENT, RELIEF, 
 & RELIGIO US INSTR UCTION of the ADULT BE A F 
 and DUMB, 26, Red Lion-square. Instituted 1841. This 
 unpretending, but very praiseworthy society, at a moderate 
 annual cost, accomplishes considerable benefit for those who, 
 upon leaving school, are otherwise unprovided for ; there are 
 at present eighteen such persons in the institution, learning 
 tailoring, shoemaking, dressmaking, etc. ; and, during the 
 past year, upwards of thirty have been maintained or relieved 
 weekly: a shop has just been taken at 21, Theobald's-road, 
 for effecting a sale of the articles made by the deaf and dumb, 
 for their further benefit. The committee represent a great 
 want of funds, and inability to continue present limited ope- 
 rations, unless increased assistance be immediately afforded. 
 By the cash statement of last year, a requisite loan appears 
 to have been effected, as the receipts amounted to £502 only, 
 £50 of which was for work done by inmates, and £452 from 
 contributions ; whilst the disbursements exceeded £800 : 
 viz., for objects of the society, £529 ; and for management, 
 etc., J310. 
 
 President, Duke of Cambridge.— Treasurer, Sir C. Price, Bart. 
 — Secretary, Mr. J. G. Simpson, 26, Red Lion-square. 
 
190 
 
 THE CITY 
 
 CljaritHlib iift5. 
 
 COMPANIES. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 CHARITABLE GIFTS ARISING FROM 
 ENDOWMENTS AND TRUSTS. 
 
 The Companies of the City of London in their Charitable Character. — 
 Their orig;in. — The extent of their Trusts for Gifts and other chari- 
 table purposes. — A Summary of the principal charitably endowed. — 
 Parochial and other Trusts referred to. — The Patriotic Fund. — Chol- 
 mondeley Charity. — The Maundy Gifts — The Flood Distribution. 
 
 Op the origin and rise of the various livery companies of the 
 metropolis — their once great influence, privileges, and wealth 
 -T-retained by but very few of them nowJ it comes not within 
 
 ^ The niimber of City Companies is ninety-one. The following is a 
 complete list, in the order of precedence, with the dates of their institu- 
 tion, or incorporation by charter or Act of Parliament. Ten or twelve 
 of these are virtually extinct, retaining the name only ; and very many 
 of them have fallen from their original high estate, since the interference 
 with their privileges by Charles II, — the reaction in their favour, at the 
 Great Rebellion iu 1688, only availing, practically, to such as are above 
 mentioned, from their large charitable possessions, or to such as exercised 
 peculiar control over their respective trades, as the Gunmakers, Founders, 
 etc. The first twelve are the chief, and are styled " The Honorable:" — 
 
 Mercers . a.d 
 
 .1393 
 
 Ironmongers,A.D.1464 
 
 Bakers. . a. d. 1307 
 
 Grocers . . 
 
 1345 
 
 Vintners . . 
 
 1437 
 
 Waxchandlers 1484 
 
 Drapers . . 
 
 1439 
 
 Clothworkers . 
 
 1482 
 
 Tallowchandlersl463 
 
 Fishmongers . 
 
 1284 
 
 Dyers . . . 
 
 1169 
 
 Armourers 
 
 1463 
 
 Goldsmiths . 
 
 1327 
 
 Brewers . . 
 
 1438 
 
 Girdlers 
 
 1448 
 
 Skinners . . 
 
 1327 
 
 Leatliersellers 
 
 1442 
 
 Butchers . 
 
 1604 
 
 Merch. Taylors 
 
 1416 
 
 Pewterers . . 
 
 1474 
 
 Saddlers . 
 
 1280 
 
 Haberdashers 
 
 1447 
 
 Barber-Surgeons 1 308 
 
 Carpenters 
 
 1344 
 
 Salters . . . 
 
 1558 
 
 Cutlers . . . 
 
 1417 
 
 Cordwainers 
 
 1410 
 
191 
 
 jFrnra ignkranirnts. 
 
 the scope of the present work to dwell upon. The report of 
 the Parliamentary Corporation Commission, speaks of them at 
 the present day as " mere trustees for charitable purposes, or 
 chartered festivals ; the freemen and liverymen whereof, 
 are persons entitled to partake of the feasts of the company 
 and qualified to be promoted to the office of trustees"; with 
 the pleasantry almost implied in the former designation, we 
 have nothing to do ; however it may be considered to neu- 
 tralize the high character of the latter ; and it is only as 
 trustees in the distribution of charitable gifts, in some in- 
 stances to very large amounts, that they appear to demand 
 notice in a work treating on the charities of London. 
 
 The information afforded respecting them, must necessa- 
 rily partake rather of a brief summary of their general cha- 
 racter than a detailed description of each. And this, not only 
 from the difficulty of gleaning uniform intelligence respect- 
 ing them, as from the bulk of the volume that it would 
 require, to enter more minutely into particulars ; and when 
 it is remembered that most of these charities are of limited 
 application, restricted to freemen, <fcc., additional reason will 
 be seen why a point is made of as much as possible dwell. 
 
 Paper Stainers 
 
 1580 
 
 Musicians 
 
 1604 
 
 TinplateWorkersl670 
 
 Curriers 
 
 1605 
 
 Turners . . 
 
 1604 
 
 Wheelwrights 1670 
 
 Masons 
 
 1677 
 
 Basket Makers 
 
 
 Distillers . . 
 
 Plumbers . 
 
 1611 
 
 Glaziers . . 
 
 1637 
 
 Hatband Makers 1638 
 
 Inn Holders 
 
 1615 
 
 Homers . . 
 
 1638 
 
 Patten Makers 1670 
 
 Founders . 
 
 1614 
 
 Farriers . . 
 
 1673 
 
 Glass Sellers . 1664 
 
 Poulterers . 
 
 1503 
 
 Paviers . . 
 
 
 Tobaccopipe Ma- 
 
 Cooks . . 
 
 1481 
 
 Lorrimers . . 
 
 1488 
 
 kers . . 1663 
 
 Coopers 
 
 1501 
 
 Apothecaries . 
 
 1617 
 
 Harness Makers 1677 
 
 Tilers . . 
 
 1568 
 
 Shipwrights . 
 
 1610 
 
 Gunmakers . 1638 
 
 Bowyers . 
 
 1620 
 
 Spectacle Makersl 630 
 
 Wire Drawers 1623 
 
 Fletchers . 
 
 1536 
 
 Clock Makers 
 
 1632 
 
 BowstringMakrs 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 1577 
 
 Glovers . . 
 
 1556 
 
 Card Makers. 1629 
 
 Joiners 
 
 1564 
 
 Comb Makers 
 
 1650 
 
 Fan Makers . 1709 
 
 Weavers . 
 
 1164 
 
 Felt Makers . 
 
 1604 
 
 Woodraongers 
 
 Woolnien . 
 
 
 Frame wk . KTiitrs. 1 6 64 
 
 Starch Makers 1632 
 
 Scriveners 
 
 1616 
 
 Silk Throwsters 1629 
 
 Fishermen . 1687 
 
 Fruiterers 
 
 1604 
 
 Silkmen . . 
 
 1608 
 
 Parish Clerks 1232 
 
 Plaisterers 
 
 1500 
 
 Pin Makers . 
 
 1636 
 
 Carmen . . 
 
 Stationers . 
 
 1556 
 
 Needle Makers 
 
 1656 
 
 Porters . . 
 
 Embroiderers 
 
 1591 
 
 Gardeners 
 
 1616 
 
 Watermen . 1559 
 
 Upholders 
 
 1627 
 
 Soap Makers * 
 
 1638 
 
 
192 
 
 CITY COMPANIES. CjjHritflJllB (l^lftS GENERAL REMARKS. 
 
 ing only upon such as are more general in their opera- 
 tions.' 
 
 Respecting the origin of these bequests, and the trustee- 
 ships thereof being invested in what originally were trading 
 companies, "itis worthy of observation," observes Mr. Knight, 
 " that one of the earliest objects sought by the guild, in 
 some instances apparently their primary one, was the found- 
 ation of a common stock for the relief of poor or decayed 
 members ; large funds were established in course of time, 
 and the charitable character thus attached to the company, 
 led to their being chosen as trustees for the care and manage- 
 ment of a variety of other charities founded by benevolent 
 persons, who, in the early periods of metropolitan history, 
 were so numerous, that Stowe devotes some tive-and-twenty 
 folio pages of his Survey to the mere enumeration of their 
 acts, under the appropriate and characteristic title of ' The 
 Honour of Citizens and Worthiness of Men,' a nobie chapter 
 in the ' History of London.' "2 
 
 These charitable bequests embrace a vast comprehensive- 
 ness of benevolent design, as remarkable as the amount of 
 their entire must be magnificent, and if it could be arrived 
 at, as interesting to detail : they comprise pensions to decayed 
 members ; gifts of money, bread, meat, &c., to the poor ; 
 loans of various amounts to young beginners in business ; 
 funds for the benefit of hospitals, schools, exhibitors at the 
 universities, for lectures and sermons, prisoners in the city 
 gaols, &c. Two illustrations may suffice to afford some idea 
 of the magnitude of these charities in the aggregate : the 
 Goldsmiths' Company pay annually, to their poor alone, up- 
 wards of £5000 : whilst the Fishmongers', we learn from the 
 report of the Corporation Commissioners before referred to, 
 disburse annually in charity between £9,000 and £10,000, in 
 different parts of England and Ireland ; their gross income 
 realizing little short of £20,000 per annum.3 
 
 *,t* Persons desirous of obtaining the benefit of these 
 gifts, must, in the first instance, apply to the respective 
 clerks, at their companies' halls, for the necessary forms of 
 application, etc. ; for this purpose, in each instance, the 
 situation of the hall and name of the clerk is furnished. 
 
 ^ For a more detailed account, see the Report of the Commissioners on 
 Endowed Charities, published in county parts by Parker, West Strand. 
 
 ^ Messrs. Piatt and Saunders' Paper on the Endowed Charities. — 
 Kniffht's London. Vol. 6. 
 
 ^ It is impossible certainly to arrive at anything like the exact amount 
 
193 
 
 CITY jFrnrii intonrintiits, companiks. 
 
 Apothecaries. — Hall, Water-lane. A widow's fund, for the 
 benefit of the poor of the company. Clerk, Robt. Brother- 
 son Upton, Esq. 
 
 Armourers and Braziers. — Hall, 81, Coleman Street. 
 Almshouses ; and several gifts to poor of company. Clerk, 
 John Pontifex, Esq., 5, St. Andrew's-court, Holborn-hill. 
 
 Bakers. — Hall, 16, Harp Lane, Tower Street. Several 
 pensions to poor of Company ; and a fund for support of 
 Almshouses. Clerk, Henley Smith, Esq., 4, Warnford Court. 
 
 Barbers. — Hall, 33, Monkwell Street. One hundred pounds 
 annually to be divided among twenty -five widows of decayed 
 Liverymen. Clerk, Henley Smith, Esq., 4, Warnford Court. 
 
 Brewers. — Hall, 18, Addle Street, Wood Street. See Owen's 
 Almshouses ; also Hickson's Grammar School. They have 
 likewise in their trust a considerable bequest for granting 
 annuities to decayed master-brewers, and other objects of re- 
 lief, at discretion of Company, by Samuel Whit bread, Esq. 
 Clerk, Charles Vines, Esq. 
 
 Butchers. — Hall, between 5 and 6, Eastcheap. Several 
 small bequests for the relief of poor freemen and their wives. 
 Clerk, Joseph Daw, Esq., Sewers Office, Guildhall. 
 
 Bowyers. — James Wood's eight exhibitions of ,£10 each 
 to Oxford or Cambridge, for seven years ; preference given 
 to Bowyers' sons, or scholars from Christ's Hospital. Clerk, 
 Thomas Jones, Esq., 1, King's-arms Yard, Coleman Street. 
 
 Carpenters. — Hall, 68, London Wall. Several gifts to poor 
 freemen and their widows. One exhibition to Cambridge, 
 bequeathed by John Read, of £4, for three years. Clerk, 
 Edward Basil Jupp, Esq. 
 
 Clockmakers. — Skelton's pensions to the " Honestest and 
 neediest poor of Company" ; and others to poor of Company, 
 at discretion of master and wardens. Clerk, Samuel Elliott 
 Atkins, Esq., 6, Cowper's Court, Cornhill. 
 
 Clothworkers. — Hall, 41, Mincing Lane. See Heather's 
 Trust, consisting of a fund for the widows of decayed house- 
 keepers, to the amount of £S each ; forms of petition may 
 be had at the hall. Amongst other trusts, are the Countess 
 of Kent's Almshouses ; Sir John Robinson's gifts to ditto ; 
 Heath's Almshouses, and clothing to thirty poor of Company. 
 
 but upon a careful comparison of their relative extent, and having the 
 amounts pretty accurate for above twenty of the principal companies, we 
 may safely compute the aggregate annual amount distributed by them in 
 charitable gifts at ^37,000. 
 
 13 
 
194 
 
 CITY CtiarMlB drifts inarincs) companies. 
 
 Camp's Almshouses, at Friern Barnet, and Packington's 
 Almshouses. J. and F. West's charities are very numerous 
 and valuable ; for clothing forty freemen of the Company ; 
 the maintaining many artisan clothworkers ; and charities 
 to the blind. Seven exhibitions to students at the Universi- 
 ties, varying from £5 to £10 each ; and fees for apprenticing 
 orphans, and children of clergymen. Clerk, Robert Beckwith 
 Towse, Esq. 
 
 Cooks.— No hall. Corbett's Charity to the poor, and officers 
 of Company, decayed ministers and their widows. Davis's to 
 four poor women of St. Alban, Wood Street ; two presentations 
 to Christ's Hospital ; and apprentice fees for children of St. 
 Catherine Cree Church, and of freemen of Company, from 
 bequests of Mr. John Phillips and Mr. John Davis. Clerk, 
 John Beckwith Towse, Esq., 24, Lawrence Pountney Lane. 
 
 Coopers. — Hall, 71, Basinghall Street. Wood's Almshouses 
 at Ratcliffe. Loans with and without interest ; Strode's School 
 and Almshouses at Egham, Surrey. Clerk, James Boyer, Esq. 
 
 Cordwainers. — Hall, 17, Great Distaff Lane, have a con- 
 siderable estate, out of which a large sum is annually paid to 
 the poor. Also Came's bequests for the blind, and deaf and 
 dumb (page 186), also a small fund from same bequest for the 
 benefit of widows of clergymen of London, or within 25 
 miles thereof, above forty years or age, or if with children 
 unprovided for, above 35 years of age. Various bequests to 
 pensioners and other poor of Company. Two exhibitions of 
 small value for five years, at approbation of Vicar and 
 Warden of St. Sepulchre. Clerk, James Josiah Millard, Esq. 
 
 Curriers. — Hall, between 6 and 7, London Wall. Dawe's 
 Charity to ten master curriers. Clerk, Edward Burkitt, Esq., 
 at the Hall. 
 
 Cutlers. — Hall, 6, Cloak Lane. Bucke's Charity to St. 
 John's College, Cambridge, for a scholar qualified by name 
 and kin, according to will ; this amount has been accruing 
 since 1793, as no claimant has appeared. And Caythorne's 
 Charity to poor of St. Bride's. Clerk, James Beaumont, Esq., 
 19, Lincoln's-inn-fields. 
 
 Drapers. — Hall, 27, Throgmorton Street, are trustees to 
 many munificent bequests, amongst which may be mentioned 
 the following : A bequest of Howell's for marriage portions 
 to maidens next of kin to donor, ditto of Pennoyers, for ap- 
 prenticing ; Boyley, to poor men of Company, and appren- 
 ticing ; Dixon, for apprenticing ; Granger's pensions of £10 
 to the blind, and for apprenticing alternately ; pensions for 
 
195 
 
 CITY ^um (Eiiliniiiiiitnts. companies- 
 
 the relief and release of prisoners in the Compters. Stocker's 
 bequest of bread to various prisons ; and a presentation to 
 Christ's Hospital. Thomas Russell's bequest of two payments 
 of six pounds to students for six years, one at each University. 
 Also trustees to the ancient establishment on the Lewisham 
 Road, called Queen Elizabeth's College, for the maintenance 
 of twenty poor persons, said to be the first hospital founded 
 by a Protestant. In 1768, according to Maitland, this Com- 
 pany was in the habit of distributing annually to their poor, 
 as much as £4000. Clerk, Edward Lawford, Esq. 
 
 Dyers. — Hall, 3, College Street, Dowgate Hill. Alms- 
 houses founded by West; various bequests to inmates of 
 ditto ; and others for poor of Company. Clerk, Beaumont 
 Charles Luttly, Esq. 
 
 Embroiderers. — No hall. Bequests from Smith and others to 
 almswomen,and poor of St. Benet Paul's Wharf; from Howse, 
 for poor and officers of Company, and parishes of St. Thomas 
 and St. Saviour. Clerk, James Burra, Esq., 19, Bread-street, 
 Cheapside. 
 
 Feltmakers. — No hall. Bequests of £2 each, to six poor master 
 felt makers ; of .£5 each to six poor widows of ditto ; and of 
 20s. each, to twenty-five decayed master hatters. Clerk, 
 James Peachey, Esq., 17, Salisbury Square, Fleet Street. 
 
 Fishmongers. — Hall, Adelaide Place, London Bridge. St. 
 Peter's Hospital (see Almshouses, which number altogether 
 94) ; various bequests for the inmates of ditto, also for in- 
 creasing them ; coals and other benefactions to poor of com- 
 pany. Sir Thomas Kneseworth's bequests, and Sergeant 
 Randolph's, now yielding twelve exhibitions, value £20 each 
 for seven years ; exhibitors are nominated by court of as- 
 sistants in rotation, and elected by the court ; they have 
 likewise the nomination of a fellowship of Sidney Sussex 
 College, Cambridge, termed Smith's scholarship — worth 
 JEIOO a year. A Free Grammar School at Holt, founded by 
 Sir T. Gresham ; six presentations to Christ's Hospital ; 
 several loans bearing interest, &c. Clerk, William Beckwith 
 Towse, Esq., at the hall. 
 
 Framexoorh Knitters. — No hall. See Bourne's Almshouses. 
 Clerk, Robert Anderson, Esq., 10, Langborne Chambers, Fen- 
 church-street. 
 
 Foionders. — Hall, Founder's Court, Lothbury, have a fund 
 for the relief of decayed liverymen and their widows : 
 termed " The Founders' Charitable Fund," from which pen- 
 sions are granted. Clerk, John Gray, Jun., Esq. 
 
196 
 
 CITY CljaritaMg drifts (garimis) compakies . 
 
 GirdZers. — Hall, 39, Basinghall Street. See Girdlers' Alms- 
 houses ; various bequests to poor of Company ; of St. Bride's ; 
 and poor of St. James's, Clerkenwell ; also to clergyman and 
 poor of Burwash, Surrey. Clerk, William Walton, Esq. 
 
 Glass Sellers. — No hall. Hayes and others,poor of company. 
 Clerk, James Clift, Esq., 30, Bloomsbury Square. 
 
 Glaziers. — No hall. Wall and others, to aged females, 
 widows, and other poor of company. Clerk, Charles Henry 
 Lovell, Esq., 14, South Square, Gray's Inn. 
 
 Gold <& Silver Wire Drawers. — No hall. Russell, five poor 
 widows of freemen 20s. each. Clerk, S. Lepard, 9, Cloak-lane. 
 
 Goldsmiths. — Hall, Foster Lane. Almshouses, see list. 
 This opulent company's charities are very numerous : besides 
 their almshouses, they grant pensions, both settled and un- 
 settled, the former to one hundred freemen, and one hundred 
 and ten widows of ditto ; the latter consist of non-permanent 
 pensions, and are made to one hundred freemen, and fifty 
 widows ; it is estimated that the company distributes to the 
 poor as much as £5000 per annum. The bequests for their 
 support have been most liberal ; the principal donors' names 
 are, Atte Hay, £750 annually, Walton, £477 annually ; Sir 
 M. Bowes and others, £1,911 annually, towards almshouses 
 at Woolwich, poor of company, and various other items ; Sir 
 H. Middleton, £180 annually ; Sir J. Wollaston, £139 an- 
 nually ; and, amongst many others, an extensive bequest of 
 John Perryn, Esq., of East Acton, 1656, which has been 
 made available for the fine almshouses there, and other 
 charitable uses, at the discretion of Company. Under Mr. 
 Perryn's will, the company have also founded no less than 
 twenty-two exhibitions, eleven at each University, of £30 
 value, each for four years ; these are open without restriction 
 to all candidates. A distribution is also made to ten blind 
 men or women, pursuant to Farmer's bequest. Clerk, John 
 Lane, Esq., at the hall. 
 
 Grocers. — Hall, Grocers'-hall Court, 35, Poultry, have also 
 very valuable bequests in their trust, but no almshouses, ex- 
 cept for seven poor, attached to Sir W. Saxton's gift of £269 
 per annum, in support of Free Grammar School at Oundle, 
 Northampton ; two other schools are also in their trust, one 
 from Walwyn's gift, at Colwall, Hereford, which the com- 
 pany has much enlarged ; and the other at Witney, Oxford, 
 founded by Henry Box, Esq, ; several gifts to lend out as 
 loans ; and Lady Slaney's funds for apprenticing in West 
 
197 
 
 CITY ^rnnt (Bn&niuniBnts. companies. 
 
 Wickham, and for the purchase of advowsons, (fee. ; also 
 large bequests from Lady Conway, Sir Thomas and Lady 
 Middleton, to poor of Company, poor of Acton, St. Dunstan 
 in the East, release of prisoners, and to Christ's Hospital ; 
 from T. Knowles, Sir H. Kebyll, and Sir W. Butler, bequests 
 to poor of company ; and various small exhibitions to Uni- 
 versity students, varying from £6 to £1, held until taking 
 degree of A.B. The amount annually distributed by this 
 company to the poor, may be stated at £1200. Clerk, Henry 
 Bicknell, Esq., at the hall. 
 
 Haberdashers. — Hall, 8, Gresham-street-west, City. Alms- 
 houses, see list. Bequests to poor of Company very consi- 
 derable : the principal are from Huntlowe, Sir S. Peacock, 
 Sir N. Rainton, and Jones ; also large sums for loans to 
 young members ; gifts to prisoners in Newgate and other 
 places ; nine bequests, value from £5 to ^10 each, for exhi- 
 bitions, to students at the Universities ; Hammond's bequest 
 for purchase of advowsons ; also trustees to Free Grammar 
 Schools at Banbury, Chester, Rolleston, Stafford, and at 
 Hoxton. 
 
 Jones Lectureship, a bequest to such " learned and faith- 
 ful preacher as the Company of Haberdashers shall appoint." 
 This lecture is preached every Tuesday morning, at the 
 church of St. Margaret, Lothbury ; and the whole of the 
 funds accruing from the property of the testator is devoted 
 to the benefit of the lecturer : it now amounts to between 
 £400 and £500 a- year. The present lecturer is the Rev. 
 Henry Melville, B.D. 
 
 Likewise, Trotman's Lectureship, at St. Giles's, Cripple- 
 gate, " of a Sunday morning at six o'clock, and once in the 
 week besides ; value, £40 per annum ;" and chaplaincy of 
 Aske's Hospital ; value, £50 per annum. 
 
 The amount annually distributed in charitable uses by 
 this Company exceeds ^£4,000 per annum. Clerk, John 
 Curtis, Esq. 
 
 Innholders. — Hall, 6, College-street, Dowgate-hill, Hinde 
 and Lewis's bequests to poor of Company ; and Bayley's to 
 vicar, churchwardens, and poor of St. Lawrence Jewry. 
 Clerk, Charles Druce, Esq., 10, Billiter-square. 
 
 Ironmongers. — Hall, 118, Fenchurch-street. See Jeffery's 
 Almshouses ; besides which, very large bequests are in their 
 trust, especially that of Thomas Bettons, a Turkey merchant, 
 consisting of an annual amount of, it is stated, £5,672 ; one 
 half to redeem slaves in Turkey, one fourth to schools, the 
 
198 
 
 CITY C ljgritalilg #ift5 (nariniis) companies . 
 
 other fourth to Minister and decayed Freemen of Com- 
 pany ; also Handson's gifts to school and poor of St. Saviour's, 
 South wark, Christ's and other Hospitals, or poor of Company, 
 at discretion ; several sums for exhibitions, to University 
 students, of small amounts, varying from £3 to £5 per 
 annum ; privilege of sending two sons of Freemen to Christ's 
 Hospital ; and various others. Clerk, Simon Adams Beck, Esq. 
 
 LeatherseUers. — Hall, St. Helen's-place. Almshouses, see 
 list. Roger's bequest of £466, " to be employed in lands, 
 the best pennyworth they could get," for the benefit of poor 
 students. Now yielding four exhibitions, of £16 per annum 
 each, for four years. Elliot's, Sudbury's, Moseley's, and 
 others, for poor of Company, are of considerable amount ; 
 and portions for exhibitions to poor students, varying from 
 £4 to £5 each ; various sums for poor of almshouses ; also 
 Calfe's Free Grammar School at Lewisham ; and others. 
 Clerk, Charles Richards Vines, Esq. 
 
 Mercers — Hall, 4, Ironmonger-lane — are trustees to Tery 
 valuable and extensive charities. Norfolk College, and 
 other almshouses, see index ; see also St. Paul's and Mercers' 
 schools ; besides which, are very numerous bequests for ex- 
 hibitions to scholars in their schools. Viscount Campden's 
 gift produces £1,000 annually for that purpose ; several 
 sums to be lent, with and without interest. Sixteen exhi- 
 bitions to poor students at the Universities, varying from £7 
 to £24 per annum for seven years ; bequeathed by North, 
 Robinson, and others. Sir T. Gresham's extensive bequests 
 produce £3,040 annually, see Gresham College, and are in 
 the Company's management ; likewise a large amount left 
 by Sir T. Bennett, for poor of Wallingford, Berks ; release 
 of prisoners ; and Company's officers. Richard Fishbome's 
 bequests for several preacherships and lectures, including 
 one at Mercers' Chapel, St. Bartholomew's, by the Exchange, 
 etc. Lady Campden's bequests for loans gratis, impropria- 
 tions, etc., are very large ; and Sir R. Whittington's bequests 
 produce £4,868 annually. Clerk, H. Eugene Barnes, Esq. 
 
 Merchant Taylors. — Hall, 27 and 34 Threadneedle-street. 
 Pay between £3,000 and £4,000 yearly by bequests, besides 
 Almshouses and school. The principal gifts are those stand- 
 ing in the names of Holland, Sutton, Tressawell, Spencer, 
 Hyde, Sir W. Craven, and Vernon, which are of considerable 
 amount, and are mostly for benefit of poor of company, re- 
 lease of prisoners, etc.; several bequests to Christ's Hospital; 
 
199 
 
 CITY jFriiiir fnbniuntnits. comt-anie3 . 
 
 schools at Great Crosby, Andlen, Chester, and at Ashwell, 
 Herts. Also several exhibitions, including Dr. Andrew's six, 
 of £50 each per annum ; Dr. Stuart's two, ditto ; Mr. Par- 
 kins's six of £40; and others of smaller amonnt. These are 
 mostly rendered available for students proceeding to college 
 from the Company's school. Lady Weld's bequest for pur- 
 chasing advowsons, etc. Megg's Almshouses, Whitechapel, 
 are in the gift of Company ; also Dame James Maynard's 
 bequest of £10 each to such sons of freemen as may serve 
 out their apprenticeship. Clerk, Samuel Fisher, Esq. 
 
 Painter, or Painter Stainers. — Hall, 9, Little Trinity-lane. 
 Have several bequests in their trust. See Mrs. Shank's dis- 
 tributions ; also Stock's charity to the lame : under Mr. 
 Stock's will, £100 is divided annually amongst ten poor 
 curates, through the clergy, or their corporation ; besides 
 which, are Evans and Chamberlain's gifts to poor of St. Mi- 
 chael, Bassishaw, and of St. Alphage ; and distributions from 
 a poor-box of the court, for poor freemen. Clerk, Philip Nel- 
 son Tomlins, Esq. 
 
 Parish Clerks. — Hall, 83, Wood-street, Cheapside. Roper's 
 gifts of bread and coals to poor prisoners and others, at dis- 
 cretion of company. Clerk, Joseph Wheeler, Esq. 
 
 Patten Makers. — No hall. Scrimshaw's bequest towards 
 expenses of company, and to four poor patten makers, or 
 their widows. Clerk, James Francis Firth, Esq., Town Clerk's 
 olEce, Guildhall. 
 
 Peicterers. — Hall, 17, Lime-street. Several bequests for 
 the poor of company, amounting to ^100 annually. Clerk, 
 William Dadley, Esq., 1, Anchor-terrace, Southwark. 
 
 Plasterers. — No hall. Thirty pounds annually to widows 
 of freemen. Clerk, H. Mott, Esq., 2, King's-road, Bedford-row. 
 
 Plumbers. — Hall, 12, Great Bush-lane. A small bequest 
 for widows and children of freemen. John Beckwith Towse, 
 Esq., 24, Lawrence Pountney-lane. 
 
 Poulterers. — No hall. School in St. Leonard's, Shoreditch, 
 and £30 annually, in various gifts, to distribute to poor of 
 company. Clerk, Wm. Henry Tadgrove, Esq., 52, Mark-lane. 
 
 Saddlers. — Hall, 143, Cheapside. Bequests for apprentic- 
 ing : for small pensions to poor saddlers, and other poor of 
 company. Clerk, Giles Clarke, Esq. 
 
 Salters. — Hall, St. Swithin's-lane. Have considerable sums 
 at their disposal (see almshouses), for their almsmen and 
 other poor ; and several bequests, to be used as loans, bear- 
 
200 
 
 CITY CtjarMb #ifts (Darinns) companies. 
 
 ing interest, and mostly for the benefit of company's officers ; 
 also four exhibitions, of .£5 each per annum, to poor scholars 
 at St. John's, Cambridge, and Jesus College, Oxford. Clerk, 
 Edward Thompson, Esq. 
 
 Scriveners. — No hall. Ten pounds per annum for poor of 
 company. Clerk, Park Nelson, Esq., 11, Essex-street, Strand. 
 
 Skhiners. — Hall,8,Dowgate-hill. Have several Almshouses 
 (see Judd, Holies, Skinners), and large pensions for poor of 
 company, amounting to more than ^1,000 annually; and 
 four exhibitions to poor students, of ^15 per annum ; and 
 two, £5 per annum ; the principal donors of which have 
 been. Sir T. Smith, Thomas Hunt, Lewis Newberry, Sir 
 James Lancaster, and Lawrence Attwell, etc. Clerk, Thos. 
 Glover Kensit, Esq. 
 
 Stationers. — Hall, Stationers' Hall Court. Are trustees to 
 several excellent charities, among which are William Bow- 
 yer's, consisting of ^180 annually, which is divided among 
 eight or ten poor printers (compositors or pressmen") ; and 
 ^30 to one other compositor, qualified according to will ; 
 also William Strahan's, consisting of sums to be divided 
 between five poor compositors of England, and five of Scot- 
 land, — those of England to be free of company ; and several 
 others, for poor journeymen and others. Forms of petition 
 may be obtained as the annuities fall in. A gift of A. Stra- 
 han, to be divided among six of the pensioners of William 
 Strahan ; also several distributions of bibles and prayers to 
 children of Christ's Hospital, and to freemen of company 
 and others ; and last, though not least, nearly £50 annually 
 for the poor, from bequests left by Mr. Guy, the founder of 
 the hospital.! Clerk, C. Rivington, Esq., 1 , Fenchurch-build. 
 
 Tallow Chandlers. — Hall, 5, Dowgate-hill. Trustees to 
 very trifling bequests, and those only for poor of company ; 
 amongst which may be mentioned Mr. Banks' pensions of 
 £20 per annum to poor liverymen, or widows thereof. Clerk, 
 Horatio Nelson Fisher, Esq., 50, Fenchurch-street. 
 
 Upholders. — No hall. Twenty poor freemen £1 each, by 
 ■will of Miers. Clerk, Timothy Tyrrell, Esq., Remembrancer's 
 office, Guildhall. 
 
 ! Became a member of the company in 1688, and " commenced busi- 
 ness, as a printer, in the house that till of late years formed the angle 
 between Cornhill and Lombard-street. There he laid the foundation of 
 his mighty fortune by contracting with the Universities for the printing 
 of bibles." — The Stationers' Company, by J. Saunders. 
 
201 
 
 CITY ^xnm 6\\hmmmi5. companies. 
 
 Vintners. — Hail, 685 Upper Thames-street. See Alms- 
 houses ; also several small bequests to poor ; and sums for 
 loans,amounting,inall,to^l50annuaUy. Clerk,C.Martin,Esq. 
 
 Wax Chandlers. — Hall,Gresham-street West, City. Thomp- 
 son's bequest, of ^84 annually, and a few others, for widows 
 and other poor of company. Clerk, Mark Henry Gregory, Esq. 
 
 Weavers, — Hall, 22, Basinghall-street. See Almshouses ; 
 several bequests from Hosea, Morton, Saunders, and others, 
 for providing and clothing poor of company, etc. Clerk, 
 Benjamin Hard wick, Esq. 
 
 Parochial Charities. Bequests similar to those in 
 trust of the foregoing companies, of a greater or less ex- 
 tent, are attached to most of the metropolitan parishes, under 
 the management of special trustees, the respective vestries, 
 or the chiirch wardens for the time being ; the aggregate value 
 of which, connected with the parishes of London and West- 
 minster, and immediate vicinity, amounts to £40,000 per 
 annum. Examples of their ordinary character have already 
 been furnished, page 167. Any attempt at a complete account 
 of such miscellaneous charitable bequests or endowments, 
 would only occupy much valuable space, without serving any 
 useful purpose; but wc cannot close this chapter without 
 noticing the following two or three, as of more than local 
 interest, and respecting which inquiries are often heard. 
 
 PATRIOTIC FUND, 61, Thrfeadneedle-street. Esta- 
 blished 1803. Originally for the encouragement and relief 
 of those engaged in defending this country during the war, 
 from 1803 to 1815, and was set on foot by the subscribers to 
 Lloyd's Coffee House, who voted a sum of £20,000 for the 
 purpose, and has been augmented at intervals by them and 
 the public at large -^ the benefit at present is limited to the 
 affording relief to such in her Majesty's service as may be 
 disabled by wounds received in action, and to the widows 
 and children, and dependant relatives, of those killed, need- 
 ing assistance. 
 
 Trustees, George Shedden, Esq. ; G. R. Smith, Esq. ; William 
 G. Shedden, Esq. ; William Thompson, Esq. ; Abel Smith, Esq. 
 Chairman, George Shedden, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. J. P. Lines. 
 
 THE CHOLMONDELEY TRUST cojisists of property 
 left by the late Mr. George James Cholmondeley, of Great 
 
 1 The subscribers to Lloyd's voted J20,000 in 1803, ^5,000 in 1809, 
 and again ^£1 0,000 in 1812. No report is published of either the present 
 disbursements, or state of the fund generally. 
 
202 
 
 CjiaritaMi? jiffe (narinHs) frnm (Bn^niuingnte. 
 
 Cumberland-street, for charitable purposes, at the discretion 
 of the trustees ; of whom are the two Archbishops, and the 
 Bishop of London. The amount of fund is believed to be 
 upwards of £150,000, and comprehended the bulk of the 
 testator's property. It is rendered available chiefly for dis- 
 tressed clergymen ; also for the education of their children 
 for the church, etc. There exists no published account of 
 it, neither are particulars furnished to individuals ; but such 
 as are desirous of making application for its benefits must 
 do so by petition to the trustees, to their Secretary, Joseph 
 Hanby, Esq., of the Almonry, Scotland-yard, Whitehall. 
 
 THE MA UND Y GIFTS?' This, strictly speaking, comes 
 not within our limits ; but, as a charitable custom, annually 
 brought under notice, it appears necessary to explain its 
 origin and nature. It is the remains of an old custom of 
 royal alms-giving, upon the Thursday preceding Good Friday, 
 commenced by Edward III, at a jubilee held by him when 
 he was fifty years of age, 1363. The ceremony now consists 
 in giving food, clothing, and pieces of silver money, to as 
 many persons as there are years in the queen's age : may 
 the number of recipients long be on the increase. The dis- 
 tribution is generally conducted, at the Chapel Royal, by the 
 Bishop of Oxford, as almoner, or, in his absence, by the Rev. 
 Dr, Jelf, sub-almoner. The ceremony is preceded by Divine 
 Service, commencing at 2 p.m. Admission can only be ob- 
 tained by tickets issued at the Almonry Office, Whitehall. 
 
 FLOOD'S CHARITABLE DISTRIBUTION,— 9xis&8 
 from the dividends of £2,500, left by Mr. Luke Thomas 
 Flood, an old and respectable magistrate and inhabitant of 
 Chelsea. According to Mr, Flood's will, the same are distri- 
 buted every 13th day of January, in the following manner: 
 — To two deserving housekeepers of Chelsea, .£30 ; to two 
 hundred and eighty distressed parishioners, one quartern loaf 
 each ; to two of the most deserving children in the parish 
 charity school, £28, for apprenticeship fees ; to forty of the 
 next best children, £4 ; to the clergyman examining them, 
 £2 ; and to the organist, for playing on the occasion, £1, 10s. 
 
 ^ " The word ' Maundy' is derived from ' mande,' a handbasket, in 
 which the king was accustomed to give the alms." — Spelman. But Bishop 
 Wheatly affords a more significant meaning, giving its origin as " man- 
 dati dies," the day on which our Saviour gave his mandate that we should ' 
 love one another. 
 
203 
 
 ^sqlmnsfnrtljE ^gr&. 
 
 CHAPTER XL 
 
 ASYLUMS AND ALMSHOUSES FOR 
 THE AGED. 
 
 Asylums for tbe Aged. — General Remarks upon their Number, Value, 
 and Annual Endowment. — Comparative decrease of Foundations, with 
 gradual rise of Workhouses, and increased Poor's- Rate. — General 
 Summary of present Condition, &c. — St. Katherine's Hospital, WTiit- 
 tington's College, and other similar Establishments, arranged according 
 to date of original foundation. — Stafford's Almshouses, and general 
 condensed Account of the Endowed Almshouses connected with the 
 Metropolis. — Licensed Victuallers', and Asylums of more recent esta- 
 blishment. 
 
 Bepobe considering the General Benevolent and Benefit 
 Funds, provided against age or reverse of fortune, it appears 
 desirable to give the various Colleges, Hospitals, and Alms- 
 houses ; because, not only do they afford asylums for the aged, 
 but, in most instances, the entire maintenance of the inmates 
 is provided for by annual pensions and other alloAvances. 
 
 Colleges consist of entire establishments, upon more en- 
 larged plans than Almshouses ; and are governed by a Master 
 and other incorporate officers, meeting generallyat one board ; 
 the benefits of the foundation being chiefly, indeed, for such 
 persons, with the addition of other poorer brethren, as may 
 be provided for. In some of these, such as Charter House, 
 Sion College, and Dulwich College, the intentions of their 
 founders have been carried out by the increased value of, and 
 subsequent additions to, the original bequest, — so to include 
 the education of youth, the advancement and benefit of lite- 
 rature and art, etc. ; but, under the present heading, it has 
 been the endeavour to consider them only as regards " cha- 
 
204 
 
 CjiHritiBS fnr 
 
 rities for the aged" ; but many of them will be referred to 
 in future chapters for their other contingent benefits. 
 
 The Almshouses, endowed, and left in the trust of com- 
 panies and local trustees, will be found by the annexed sum- 
 mary to be very numerous. A system of arrangement has 
 been pursued, to afford a clear view of their relative details ; 
 and attention has been directed to ascertain their present 
 actual condition. This, however, must in some measure, in 
 a few instances, fail. The difficulty of identifying existing 
 establishments with the accounts gleaned from historians of 
 London of the past century has been great, — inasmuch as 
 many are no longer in existence as distinct institutions ; of 
 others the names have been altered ; the endowments of two 
 or three are often merged into one; and the buildings removed 
 to more appropriate localities. Amongst other results of our 
 inquiries, they have tended to reduce the number of alms- 
 houses as set down by many modem authors ; and even in 
 the present carefully examined account, we are aware that 
 one or two abatements must be made for the dubiousness 
 attending the actual existence of a few in the environs ; 
 but consideration has induced us to give insertion to them, 
 deeming it not unlikely, — or undesirable, should they not 
 now be in existence, — that further steps be taken by the 
 persons locally interested to trace the appropriation of the 
 original endowment. 
 
 The third class of these Asylums comprehend the more 
 modern institutions, depending wholly or in part upon the 
 charitable support of the present age ; under this head there 
 will be found but comparatively few. Almshouses have not 
 increased in our own day in the same proportion as other 
 charities. This may be accounted for by other causes than 
 the rise of workhouses, and increase of poor's-rates.^ The 
 charitably inclined of the present time are not so satisfied 
 with leaving endowments, but recognize, it is to be hoped, the 
 requirements that real charity demand ; such as active con- 
 
 ^ No compulsory law for the maintenance of the poor was enacted until 
 the 27th Henry VIII, 1535. The origin of the present system of poor- 
 laws is referred to the 43rd Elizabeth, 1600. The Poor- Law Amendment 
 Bill was passed 4th and 5th William IV, Aug. 1834. In 1580, the rates 
 for the relief of the poor amounted to i£188,81 1 ; in 1680, to i£665,662 ; 
 in 1698, to ^819,000; in 1760, to Jl, 556,804; in 1785, to ^2,184,950; 
 in 1802, to ^4,952,421; in 1830, to ^8,1 11,422 ; in 1840, to ^£5,468,699 ; 
 in 1846, to ^£5,643,650; in 1849, to ^£5 ,792,963. 
 
205 
 
 ST. KATHERINe's 3['1JB ^gftl. HOSPITAL, A.D. 1145 
 
 sideration and judgment, united with personal exertions ; 
 and it may be inferred by a glance at the dates of the founda- 
 tion of these endowed asylums, that their origin partook of 
 much of the " charity by death necessitate," peculiar to the 
 times. 
 
 Prior to 16th 
 century. 16th. 17th. 18th. TotaU 
 
 Colleges, Hospitals, and 
 
 superior Foundations 2 ... 2 ... 7 ... — ... 11 
 
 Almshouses 1 ... 20 ... 37 ... 24 ... 82 
 
 Those in the eighteenth century, nearly all previ- 
 ous to 1750 
 
 The former 1 1 afford residence, with various pensions 
 and necessaries, as detailed under each account, to 
 brethren, almsmen, and others, to the number of 343 
 
 The latter 82 to 1074 
 
 The aggregate annual amount (endowed), as nearly 
 
 as careful calculation can arrive at, of the former, is .£40,600 
 
 Of the latter £36,590 
 
 This is exclusive of the two Royal Hospitals of Chelsea 
 and Greenwich, which are of a different character, and will 
 be found treated of at length in this chapter. 
 
 The Asylums and Almshouses, depending on voluntary 
 contributions, it will be seen, have all arisen between 1811 
 and the present time. Of these, there are 10 establishments 
 of a distinct constitution ; few, if any, of them affording pen- 
 sions, consequently, their benefits are available to a larger 
 number, in proportion to the amount of income. 
 The number of inmates is ... ... ... ... 493 
 
 The aggregate amount of annual income ... ... ii5,857 
 
 Besides these, are nine establishments in connexion with 
 Provident Institutions, which will be found detailed in the 
 succeeding chapter. 
 
 ST. KATHERINE'S HOSPITAL, Regent's Park. 
 Founded about 1145. This establishment is collegiate, and 
 is under the management of the Queen Consort as visitor ; 
 if no such, the Queen Dowager ; and if none, then the 
 king.' The ancient hospital was founded upon the site of 
 
 ^ The word "king" is now read "reigning sovereign," as, by the lamented 
 death of the late Queen Dowager, a contingency occurred not otherwise 
 provided against. In Queen Eleanor's charter, the object of her founda- 
 tion is stated to be " for the health of the soul of her late husband, and 
 of the souls of the preceding and succeeding kings and queens." One of 
 
206 
 
 ST. katherine's CtfflritirS fnr hospital, a.d. 1145 
 
 the present St. Katharine's Docks, by Matilda, queen of 
 King Stephen, as a priory, for her son Baldwin and daughter 
 Matilda, and for the maintenance of a master, three brothers, 
 and three sisters, ten poor women, called bedeswomen, and 
 six poor scholars, and other persons. It was augmented, 
 or rather refounded, by Queen Eleanor, widow of Henry III, 
 in 1273, and subsequently by other queens of England, 
 in whom the patronage has always remained. Such pa- 
 tronage, as may be imagined, has always served to secure 
 for the hospital the interest of " a friend at court" ; and 
 in 1442, in consequence of the special representation of 
 its master of the insufficiency of its funds, this interest 
 was exerted to procure for it the grant of privileges 
 of no ordinary kind or value ; they consisted of no less than 
 a charter of exemption for the immediate district of the 
 hospital, from all ecclesiastical and secular jurisdiction, 
 except that of the Lord Chancellor and the master of the 
 hospital. The precinct thus granted, with the various con- 
 tingent advantages at the same time secured to it, soon be- 
 came a valuable one, and it was only by the watchful guar- 
 dianship of Queen Anne Boleyn and other queen consorts, 
 that these privileges were still respected. Their value may 
 be conceived from the fact, that in 1824, when by act of 
 parliament it was determined to build the present St. 
 Katharine's Docks, the compensation made to the hospital, 
 Tinder the direction of Lord Eldon, amounted to no less a 
 sum than £125,000, as the value of the precinct estate, 
 .£36,000 for building a new hospital, £2,000 for the pur- 
 chase of a site, and several smaller sums to those whose in- 
 terests suffered by the removal. The present building, 
 erected 1827, consists of a very handsome chapel, which 
 contains the curious pulpit, monuments, etc., brought from 
 
 the priests was daily required to siug a mass ; another to " celebrate daily 
 divine service, solemnly and devoutly, for the foresaid souls." She or- 
 dained, moreover, that on the return of each Edmund the Confessor's 
 day, there should be bestowed one halfpenny, in form aforesaid, upon one 
 thousand poor men. 
 
 ^ Mr. Knight states : " The precinct possessed, at this time, both a spin- 
 tual and temporal court ; the former was a royal jurisdiction ibr all eccle- 
 siastical causes within the precinct, probate of wills, etc. ; in the temporal 
 court the high steward of the jurisdiction of St. Katherine presided. In 
 1661, the number of houses within the precinct was 731 ; in 1708, 850; 
 and in 1821 had decreased to 427, which were inhabited by 686 families." 
 
207 
 
 whittington's college, ^IjB ^gBi. a.d. 1421 
 
 the ancient hospital ; dwellings for the brethren and sisters, 
 and a handsome villa and pleasure grounds, on the oppo- 
 site side, for the master. The revenues of the hospital 
 may be applied for such good and charitable purposes, as 
 directed by the royal patroness for the time being : and 
 The School, now attached, consists of thirty boys and twenty 
 girls, who are educated, for the most part clothed, and after 
 the age of fourteen apprenticed. The affairs of the hospital 
 are managed by the Chapter, which consists of the brethren 
 and sisters before-mentioned. The brothers are in orders, 
 but not restricted from marrying, the sisters unmarried or 
 widows. The appointment of bedesmen and women rests 
 with the Chapter ; they are non-resident, and receive ,£10 
 per annum for life. The income of the hospital is not much 
 less than £6,000 per annum, and the expenditure between 
 £4,000 and £5,000. The appointment of the master and 
 brethren and sisters is now held by her Majesty the Queen, 
 and are of considerable value. 
 
 Visitor, the Lord Chancellor. — 'Master, Hon. William Ashley. 
 — Brethren, Rev. John Wightman ; and Rev. George Townshend 
 Hudson. — Sisters, Miss Wilson ; Miss Northey ; Lady Taylor.' — 
 Receiver, John Seeker, Esq. — Schoolmaster, Mr. Flicker. — 
 Schoolmistress, Miss West. 
 
 WHITTINOTOI^'S COLLEGE OR ALMSHOUSES, 
 
 Highgate, otherwise " God's House", so called by his execu- 
 tors, was founded originally on College Hill, 1421,^ by Sir 
 R. Whittington, and demands especial notice for its present 
 superiority of establishment, handsome building, and gene- 
 ral asociation with all that is magnificently liberal in cha- 
 ritable citizenship : as is well known, this stands as a me- 
 morial of the benevolence of the thrice mayor of London : 
 " for perpetual sustentation of needy and poor people." The 
 " Tutor", who is the head of the college, is in holy orders ; 
 and his duties, besides performing Divine service, consist in 
 "overseeing the husbandry of the house, and nourishing 
 charity and peace amongst his fellows." Each inmate must 
 be " meek of spirit, destitute of temporal goods in other 
 places by which he might competently live, chaste and of good 
 
 ^ The present establishment is an elegant yet substantial structure, 
 built of stone, in the collegiate style of architecture, situated near High- 
 gate Archway. It was erected in the year 1822, at a total cost of little 
 less than J2U,000. 
 
208 
 
 EMANUEL COLLEGE, CjlHlitifS fill A.D. 1594 
 
 conversation"; and to be selected, must be thus qualified ; 
 above fifty-five years of age, with no freehold property worth 
 i£20, or other property to the amount of £30 annually. 
 
 The inmates receive £30 annually from the college funds, 
 besides the enjoyment of various gifts, the advantages of 
 medical attendance, assistance of nurses, etc. Besides 
 this amount to the inmates, there is £1000 per annum dis- 
 tributed to about thirty or forty out-pensioners. The funds 
 for the entire support of the hospital are said to exceed 
 £5000 per annum. 
 
 The establishment is under the sole management of the 
 Mercers' Company, to whom applications for vacancies must 
 be addressed ; they are of course available more especially 
 to livery or freemen of the company. 
 
 QUEEN ELIZABETH'S COLLEGE, Lewisham-road, 
 to the southwest of the town of Greenwich, is a very ancient 
 establishment, the management of which is vested in the Dra- 
 pers' Company ; it consists of twenty small tenements with gar- 
 dens attached ; it was founded and endowed 1576, by William 
 Lambard, author of the Peramhulation of Kent, " for twenty 
 poor persons"; he committed the direction of it to the Mas- 
 ter of the Rolls for the time being and the Drapers' Company. 
 Highmore mentions this as " the first hospital founded by 
 a Protestant." The appointment of the pensioners is thus 
 arranged : one by the Master of the Rolls, one by the two 
 elder wardens of the company, one by the steward of the 
 manor of Greenwich, one by the drapers of Greenwich, six 
 by the vicar and parish officers of Greenwich — three of 
 Lewisham, three of Eltham, and one of each of the follow- 
 ing places : Charlton, Redbrook, Woolwich, and Lee : they 
 must be " poor, honest, and godly persons "; and preference 
 is given to certain qualifications, if more applicants than 
 vacancies. The value of the pension, which at the first was 
 about six shillings per month, is now about £15 per annum. 
 
 Senior Warden, Mr. A. Dudman. — Clerk and Solicitor to the 
 Trustees, Edward Lawford, Esq. 
 
 EMANUEL COLLEGE, James Street, Westminster. 
 Instituted 1594. Incorporated 1660. This institution was 
 founded by Lady Dacre,^ for ten poor men, ten poor women, 
 
 ^ The original design was that of Gregory Lord Dacre's, who appropri- 
 ated j640 a year in lands, for ever, " towards the relief of aged people, 
 
209 
 
 EMANUEL, A.D. 1594. 3[,|fB iEgt^. CHARTER-HOUSE, 1611 
 
 ten poor boys, and ten poor girls ; one of each from the 
 parishes of Chelsea, Hayes, in Middlesex, City of London, 
 and Brainsburton,^ in Yorkshire, and the rest from the pa- 
 rish of Westminster ; each pensioner to have a house and 
 garden, £20 a year, and two chaldron of coals. This num- 
 ber has been from time to time extended, and now there is 
 double the original number, besides sixty children ; and the 
 payment to pensioners increased to £24 per annum. 
 
 Supported by the manor of Brainsburton, in Yorkshire, 
 which, at first, was let for less than £300, but now for nearly 
 £3,000 per annum, and placed under the guardianship of 
 the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London for the 
 time being ; for ever, — this has been since confirmed to them 
 by Act of Parliament. 
 
 Applications for vacancies to be made to the Town Clerk's 
 Office, GuildhaU. 
 
 Trustees, the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London. — Master, 
 Rev. R. J. Waters, D.D. 
 
 THE CHA RTER HO USE, Charter-house-square, Alders- 
 gate Street. Instituted 1611. Comprehends in one, a col- 
 legiate asylum for the aged, and an educational establishment 
 for the young ; and forms together one of the chief charita^ 
 ble foiindations of the metropolis. The ground on which it 
 stands, was anciently part of the estate of the master and 
 brethren- of St. Bartholomew's Spital,^ and was purchased, in 
 1349, by Sir Walter de Manny, who, assisted by bequests 
 from Michael de Northburg, Bishop of London, built on it 
 a convent for Monks of the Order of Carthusians, or Char- 
 treux, so called from Chartreuse in Dauphiny, where the 
 Order was first established, — whence also, the name of the 
 present Hospital. This building, after changing into many 
 hands, was purchased in 1611 by Thomas Sutton, the wealthy 
 
 and bringing up children in virtue and good and laudable acts." In this 
 plan, his lady, Annie Baroness Dacre, concuiTed. His lordship dying 
 before his intentions were executed, his lady took up with the plan, and 
 carried it into effect. Lady Dacre's will bears date December 20, 1594." 
 — Highmore's Chanties. 
 
 ^ Besides the income from rents, there is now an increasing amount 
 derived from dividends on stock; so that, at the present time, the whole 
 amount cannot be less than ^4,000 per annum. 
 
 ^ Strype and Bearcroft agree in this account, but, according to Mal- 
 colm, it was anciently part of the estate of the Hospital of St John of 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
210 
 
 THE CHARTER-HOUSE. ChillitifS fOI A.D. 1611 
 
 merchant of London ;i who, immediately after his purchase, 
 instituted the present establishment, for which he obtained 
 a chai'ter from James I. In the same year, the benevolent 
 founder died, and his remains now rest under the chapel of 
 the establishment. 
 
 Eighty aged men are maintained by this foundation, called 
 pensioners or poor brethren ; they are admissible at fifty years 
 of age, and must be natives of Great Britain and Protestants 
 of the Church of England, preference being given to those 
 who have experienced better days. They live together in 
 collegiate style, provided with handsome apartments, and all 
 necessaries except apparel, in lieu of which they are allowed 
 £14 a year and a gown each. They are nominated in the 
 same manner as the scholars ; of whom there are at present 
 
 ^ Thomas Sutton, Esq., the founder of the modem Charterhouse, was 
 born at Knaith, Lincolnshire, in 1533, and educated at Eton. In 1562 
 he became secretary to the Earl of Leicester ; and afterwards, as Master 
 of the Ordnance at Berwick, so distinguished himself upon the breaking 
 out of the Northern Rebellion, as to obtain special commendation of 
 Queen Elizabeth, who rewarded him with a pension of ^'3:4: 8. In 
 1680, by the purchase of estates producing coal mines, he was reputed 
 to have been worth ^50,000, and soon afterwards became a merchant, 
 with thirty agents abroad ; was appointed, successively, chief victualler 
 to the navy, and commissioner for prizes, under Charles Howard; in 
 1602 he retired from public life, and having purchased this mansion from 
 the Howards, within a few years devoted his property to its endowment 
 as a charitable establishment, notwithstanding the endeavour to divert 
 him from his purpose by the Court, — by the offer of a peerage, condi- 
 tional on his making the Duke of Yorlt (afterwards James 1) his heir. 
 Mr. Sutton was, however, free from ambition; and, being much advanced 
 in life, the lustre of a coronet had but little charm for him ; and June 
 22nd, 1611, by permission of the King, he obtained his deed of incorpo- 
 ration, which sets forth that he shall endow the hospital with fifteen 
 manors and other lands, of the value of ^4,499 : 19 : 10. He then pro- 
 ceeded to fit up the house and buildings, at an expense (according to 
 Strype) of i.'7,000. He had entertained a wish to have filled the office of 
 first master himself; but his health suffered considerably by a slow 
 fever, and therefore he appointed the Rev. John Hutton, A.M., vicar of 
 Littlebury, on the 30th of October 1611 ; made his will on the 28th of 
 November, and died on the 10th of December in the same year, not living 
 to see the fruits of his benevolent exertions. Stowe speaks of this foun- 
 dation, " as the greatest gift in England, either in Protestant or Catholic 
 times, ever bestowed by any individual ;" and until we come down to 
 that of Guy's Hospital, it may be so considered. The property consisted 
 of about £5,000 per annum, and i£60,000 ready money. 
 
211 
 
 NORFOLK COLLEGE. 3^1jJ ilgftl. A.D. 1613 
 
 • forty-four, termed " on the foundation", supported free of 
 expense ; they are presented by the governors in rotation, 
 and are admitted at any age between ten and fourteen years. 
 There are several exhibitions to the universities, available 
 for foundation scholars only ; these vary in value from £20 to 
 £100. 
 
 The Charter House is now in a very flourishing condition, 
 and has given education to some of the first scholars of the 
 day. Here both Addison and Steele received their educa- 
 tion. From the date of its establishment to 1673, the income 
 fluctuated considerably, through political changes ; it then 
 reached £5391. Since that period, however, it has not in- 
 creased in proportion to the improved revenues of other 
 estates, as, according to Maitland, in his time the revenue 
 amounted only to £6000. 
 
 The Governors, who present to this foundation in rotation, are 
 the Queen, the Prince Albert, Archbishop of Canterbury, the 
 Lord Chancellor, Archbishop of York, Duke of Buccleuch and 
 Queensberry, Duke of Wellington, Earl of Devon, Earl of Liver- 
 pool, Lord Howe, Earl of Ripon, Lord John Russell, Bishop of 
 London, Lord Denman, Lord Lyndhurst, Sir R. Peel, and Arch- 
 deacon Hale. 
 
 Master, Archdeacon Hale, M.A. — Preacher, Rev. George 
 Currey, M.A. — School : Head Master, Rev. Augustus P. Saun- 
 ders, D.D. — Usher, Rev. Oliver Walford, M.A. — Assistants: 
 Rev. H. W. PhiUott, M.A., Rev. C. G. Curtis, B.A., Leonard 
 Burrows, M.A. — French Master, Mons. Brasseur. — Writing 
 Master, Mr. Edward Maxwell. — Registrar and Receiver and 
 Steward of Courts, Archdeacon Keightly, Esq. — Reader and Li- 
 brarian, Rev. Charles R. Dicken, M.A.^ — Resident Medical Officer, 
 John Miles, Esq.— Physician, Dr. Babington. — Consulting Sur- 
 geon, F. C. Skey, Esq. — Organist, W. Horsley, Esq. — Assistant 
 Receiver, Mr. Charles Gatty. — Manciple, Mr. Tucker. 
 
 NORFOLK COLLEGE, otherwise Trinity Hospital, 
 Greenwich, was founded, 1613, by letters patent of James I, 
 pursuant to the will of Henry, Earl of Northampton. He 
 endowed it with lands and revenues for the support of a 
 warden and seventy pensioners, twelve of whom are to be of 
 the parish of Greenwich and eight of the parish of Shotis- 
 ham, in Norfolk ; they must have been inhabitants of the 
 parish four years, unmarried, fifty-six years of age, at the 
 least, and not possessing property to the amount of £1 per 
 annum. The amount they receive is at the discretion of the 
 
212 
 
 ST. Peter's hospital, CjlHrilifS fni a.d. 1618 
 
 Mercers' Company, in whose management the whole endow- ■ 
 ment is vested : the funds are believed to be in a flourish- 
 ing condition, and it is estimated the income is about j£l200 
 per annum. Applications must be made by petition to the 
 Court of Assistants, addressed to H. E. Barnes, Esq., the 
 clerk of the company. 
 
 ST. PETER'S HOSPITAL,^ opposite the Elephant and 
 Castle, Newington ; the original building was founded by 
 letters patent of James I, 1618, and composed what was 
 termed the old building, for twenty-two inmates ; and the 
 new, endowed by James Hulbert, Esq., for twenty inmates. 
 The present hospital consists of three courts with gardens 
 behind ; and a dining-hall forms part of the establishment : 
 the inmates still consist of forty-two poor men and women 
 free of the company, or widows of freemen. The married 
 people receive 12s. a week, the single 7s. or 8s., and 10s. ac- 
 cording to their age and infirmities ; and those who require 
 a nurse have an extra 2s. The almspeople also receive gifts 
 in money and clothing during the year. Service is per- 
 formed daily in the chapel, and the chaplain and a medical 
 man engaged by the company visit the almspeople when ill. 
 The expenditure is estimated to average under £2,000 per 
 annum. This may be considered a fair sample of the best 
 of the Companies' almshouses, of which a summary is ap- 
 pended further on, as a more detailed account would form 
 in many respects a repetition only of particulars. There are 
 other almshouses of this Company (the Fishmongers'), at 
 Mile-end. Vide page 223. 
 
 DULWICH COLLEGE, Dulwich. Founded 1619. 
 Called " God's gift college in Dulwich," The establishment 
 consists of a chapel, school-house, and twelve almshouses : it 
 was founded by Edward AUeyne f and, in 1810, Sir Francis 
 
 1 Under management of the Fishmongers* Company, to whom appli- 
 cations from freemen of the Company must he addressed, to the care of 
 the clerk, W. B. Towse, Esq. 
 
 2 The founder was the son of Edward Alleyne, of Willyn, bom 1566, 
 in the parish of AUhallows, Lombard-street ; described by the old histo- 
 rians as an actor ; but his general occupation, or that by which he made 
 most money, appears to have been proprietor of bear-gardens; he was 
 some long time also proprietor of the " Fortune" playhouse. His second 
 wife was supposed to be a daughter of Dr. Donne. The letters patent date 
 June 21, 1619 (James I): "to Edward Alleyne, Esq., chief master, ruler, 
 and overseer, of the game of bears, &c., to found a college at Dulwich, in 
 
213 
 
 DULWICH COIiLEGE,1619 JlIJC ^gB&, SIGN COLLEGE, A.D. 1631 
 
 Bourgeois, R.A., left the whole of his collection of pictures, 
 (fee. There are six poor brethren and six poor sisters on 
 the foundation, elected from the parishes of St. Saviour, 
 St. Luke, St. Botolph, and Camberwell. The school main- 
 tains, clothes, and educates twelve scholars from the above 
 parishes ; and educates eighty children of inhabitants of 
 Dulwich. The education given is such as to qualify the 
 boys for tradesmen. The present gallery was completed and 
 opened in 1817, to which the public are admitted by tickets, 
 obtainable at most printsellers in London. The statutes of 
 the college require that the master and warden should bear 
 the name of AUeyne or Allen. 
 
 The Governors are, the Master, Warden, and Fellows of the 
 College, who are : Master, George John Allen, Esq. — Warden, 
 J. G. Newton Alleyne, Esq. — Fellows, Rev. Charles Howe, M.A. ; 
 Rev. W. Fellowes, M.A. ; Rev. William L. Chafy, M.A. ; Rev. 
 Edward A. Giraud, M.A. 
 
 SION COLLEGE AND LIBRARY, Aldermanbury. 
 Incorporated 1631. This collegiate establishment was founded 
 by Dr. Thomas White, Vicar of St. Dunstan in the West, 
 who left £3,000 to purchase the ground and build the col- 
 Surrey, to endure and remain for ever, and to consist of a master, warden, 
 four fellows, six poor brothers, six poor sisters, and twelve poor scholars ; 
 to be sustained, educated, guided, governed, and ruled, according to such 
 statutes as he in his life time shall establish and direct," &c. The statutes 
 of the College were signed by him September 29th, 1626, 2 Car. I. About 
 1614 this same founder erected almshouses at the west end of Bishopsgate 
 parish, in Petty France, for ten poor men and women ; in 1730, the street 
 being altered to the present New Broad-street, these were taken down, and 
 others erected in Lamb-alley. He also built similar houses in Pest House- 
 lane,01d-street,in 1616 : and a third lot in Deadman'splace, Southwark. 
 See Alleyne's almshouses. 
 
 ^ According to Camden, Malcolm, and others, the ancient site of this 
 building was a nunnery, which, having fallen to decay, was purchased 
 by William Elsynge, citizen. It was for some time termed Elsynge 
 Spital, and maintained a warden, four priests, and one hundred sick per- 
 sons ; soon after it was changed into a priory, of which Elsynge became 
 prior. It continued a priory until the time ef Henry VIII, when it was 
 partially destroyed by fire; the site was rescued from oblivion by T)r. 
 White, whose bequest, as above, bears date October 1, 162.3. It is held 
 by two charters of incorporation, dated July 3, 6 Charles I; and June 
 20, 16 Charles II. By these authorities, a president, two deans, and four 
 assistants, with all the rectors and vicars, lecturers and curates, of the 
 city and suburbs, were constituted to be a corporation. Their seal is the 
 id Samaritan, with the motto — " Vade, fac similiter." 
 
 i 
 
214 
 
 BROMLEY COLLEGE. CllflrititS fe A.D. 1668 
 
 lege, with almshouses for ten poor men and ten poor women, 
 and endowed it with £150 a-year for ever. The corporation 
 of Bristol, the birthplace of Dr. White, have the nomination 
 of four of the inmates, the parish of St. Dunstan, Fleet-street, 
 ■where he officiated nearly fifty years, six ; the parish of St. 
 Gregory, where he resided for about twenty years, two ; 
 and the Merchant Taylors' Company, eight ; the amount of 
 pension is worth £15 per annum, and each person upon ad- 
 mission has to afford security against becoming chargeable 
 to the parish of St. Alphage or to the college. 
 
 The library and other purposes of the foundation come 
 not within our limits, but it is as well to add, that the former 
 is celebrated for its ecclesiastical literature of the earliest 
 centuries. It was incorporated in the sixth year of Charles 
 I, by which the Bishop of London was appointed visitor. 
 In 1666, the original building was destroyed by fire, but 
 afterwards rebuilt as at present and the new library greatly 
 added to, particularly by a part of the Jesuit library, seized 
 in 1670, and by various donations. All incumbents of 
 parishes within the city and liberties of London, are fellows. 
 
 Visitor, the Lord Bishop of London. — President, J. Lupton, 
 M.A.— Deans, J. A. Roberts, M.A. ; R. Roxley, M.A. ; R. Rud- 
 dock, M.A. ; T. H. Home, M.A. ; W. Blunt, B.A. ; H. J. New- 
 berry, M.A. — Librarian and Secretary, Rev. Henry Christmas, 
 M.A. — Solicitor, Thomas Wilson, Esq. 
 
 BROMLEY COLLEGE is an establishment at the en- 
 trance of the town from the London-road. It was endowed 
 and founded by John Warner, D.D., Bishop of Rochester, in 
 1668, " for the benefit of twenty poor widows of loyal and 
 orthodox clergymen." The funds have been subsequently 
 largely increased, by the benefactions from Bishop Pearce, 
 Jeflfery Hetherington, Esq., of North Clay ; his brother and 
 heir, the Rev. William Hetherington (the great benefactor 
 to the blind) ; William Pearse, Esq., the bishop's brother ; 
 and Mrs. Betenson : so that forty widows have now each an 
 allowance of £38 per annum and a separate and commodious 
 residence. Mrs. Sheppard founded and endowed another 
 charity in connexion with this, for the benefit of five unmar- 
 ried daughters of widows, who have resided here ; with a 
 liberal allowance, and separate and agreeable dwellings ad- 
 joining the college. 
 
 This excellent establishment is under the government of 
 trustees, " part of whom are elective, the remainder ex officio; 
 
215 
 
 CHELSEA HOSP. 1692 ^{u ^gjjl. GBEENWICH HOSP.1694 
 
 of the latter are the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop 
 of Rochester, the Archdeacon and the Chancellor of the dio- 
 cese, the Dean of St. Paul, and Dean of the Arches. 
 
 THE ROVAL HOSPITAL AT CHELSEA. Esta- 
 blished 1692. This national establishment owes its origin 
 to the benevolent exertions of Sir Stephen Fox, who pur- 
 chased the ancient building from the Royal Society, and 
 persuaded King Charles II to settle £5,000 per annum upon 
 it, and erect a building of the value of ^20,000 ; continuing 
 an active friend in behalf of the institution. The building 
 was erected from the designs, and under the superintendence 
 of Sir Christopher Wren, and completed about the year 1692, 
 in the reign of William and Mary, at a total cost, it is said, 
 of about .£150,000. It is under the management of commis- 
 sioners and military oflScers ; and is for the admission of in- 
 pensioners who have claims on the public for services per- 
 formed in the army, not receiving any out-pension during 
 the time they are on the in-pension. The funds to defray 
 the charges, both of the out and in-pensions, are voted by 
 Parliament, and the rates of pension are regulated by royal 
 warrants ; the discharged soldiers, after certain periods of 
 service, having a vested interest in their pensions. 
 
 The present number of out-pensioners is nearly 70,000, 
 who receive 6d., 9d., or Is. per diem ; and the number of in- 
 pensioners is . 539, who are well clothed and fed, and are 
 allowed Id. a-day for tobacco, which is called " her majesty's 
 bounty." The ages of these pensioners vary from 60 to 90 
 years, and two veterans have attained the age of 104. 
 
 Commissioners, the great Officers of State. — Military Officers 
 — Governor, General Sir Colin Halkett. — Lieutenant Governor, 
 Sir A. F. Barnard. — Major, Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Le Blanc. 
 — Adjutant, Colonel Sir Morillyon Wilson. — Chaplain, Rev. Geo. 
 Mathias. — Secretary, Lieutenant-Colonel Alderson, R.E. — Deputy 
 Surgeon, T. C. Gaulter, M.D. — Physician and Surgeon, Daniel 
 Maclachlan, M.D. — Assist. Surgeon, A. A. Prout, Esq. — Steward 
 and Storekeeper, Captain Sutherland. 
 
 THE ROYAL HOSP IT A L AT GREENWICH Esta- 
 blished 1694.-^ Stands unrivalled both as a specimen of 
 Grecian architecture, and as a charitable institution. It 
 consists of five distinct buildings, erected at intervals, but 
 mostly under the direction of Sir Christopher Wren, to whom 
 
 ^ 1695 is the more generally recognized date of its establishment ; but 
 
216 
 
 GREENWICH HOSPITAL. CjlHtititS flU A.D. 1694 
 
 the credit of the general plan must be awarded. In different 
 parts of the institution, apartments are provided for the go- 
 vernor and principal officers, and a sufficient number of 
 wards are fitted up for the comfortable accommodation of 
 2,710 in-pensioners, and 71 nurses, widows of seamen, who 
 must be 45 years of age at the time of admission, and are 
 allowed from ^11 to £-20 per annum. 
 
 The pensioners must be aged and maimed seamen of the 
 navy or the marines. The boatswains are allowed 3s. 6d., 
 mates, 2s. 6d., and privates. Is. per week, in addition to 
 maintenance and clothing. The vacancies are filled up twice 
 in each month. The number of out-patients varies from 
 13,000 to 14,000. 
 
 The revenue of the hospital was, until lately, supported 
 in part by a monthly deduction from the wages of merchant 
 seaman ; but, by the 4th and 5th William IV, cap. 34, the 
 sums thus collected were made over to the Merchant Sea- 
 men's Corporation, and the deficiency caused to the hospital's 
 revenue made good by an annual grant of ,£20,000, charged 
 upon the Consolidated Fund. This grant, the annual pro- 
 ceeds of valuable estates bequeathed to the hospital in 
 Northumberland, Durham, and Cumberland, parliamentary 
 benefactions, and the interest of money in the public funds, 
 form in the aggregate an income of near ,£130,000 per an- 
 num. The management is vested in commissioners, who, 
 as well as the Governor and Lieut. Governor, are appointed 
 by royal patent.l 
 
 Commissioners : Earls of Granville and of Carlisle ; George 
 Tiemey, Esq.; Admiral Sir Henry Hart ; Admiral SirW. O.'Pell. 
 Secretary, John A. Lethbridge, Esq. — Assist. Secretary, John L. 
 Jay, Esq. — Second ditto, T. B. Stow, Esq. — Governor, Admiral 
 Sir Charles Adam. — Lieutenant Governor, Rear Admiral Sir James 
 A. Gordon. — Captains : George Mowbray, Thomas Dickinson, 
 ITiomas L. P. Laugharne, and William Cuppage. — Commanders, 
 Charles Robinson, W. C. C. Dalyell, Joseph Corbyn, Edward W. 
 Garrett. — Lieutenants, Frederick Bedford, Wm. Rivers, Michael 
 Fitton, John Wood Rouse, D. O'B. Casey, Bassett J. Loveless, 
 
 the first letters patent bear date October 25, 1694, — three months previ- 
 ous to the death of Queen Mary ; and we are told by Beyer, in his his- 
 tory of William and Mary, "the last great project that her thoughts 
 were working upon, with relation to this noble and royal provision for 
 disabled seamen, was, that it should be so constituted, as to put them in 
 a probable way of ending their days in the fear of God." 
 1 Under the Act, 10 Geo. IV, cap. 25. 
 
217 
 
 MOBDEN COLLEGE. %ijt iiglll. A.D. 1695 
 
 Josiah Domford, George M. Monk. — Superintendent of the halls 
 and kitchens, Mr. Joseph AUen, R.N. — Chaplains, John K. Gold- 
 ney, M.A. ; Edward Kitson, M.A. — Surgeon and Inspector, Sir 
 John LiddeU. — First Assistant Surgeon and Deputy Inspector, 
 Alexander Nisbet, M . D . — Second Assist . Surgeon, James M 'Teman . 
 — Dispenser, John Whitmarsh, Esq. — Cashier, Wm. Paine, Esq. 
 —Chief Clerk, William H. Knowlden, Esq.— Steward, Thos. P. 
 Jessop, Esq. — Chief Clerk, George Hank, Esq. — Clerk of Check, 
 John W. Nicholls, Esq. — Chief Clerk, John J. Langley, Esq. — 
 Inspectors of Works, C. Lee ; W. Sivell, Esq. — Solicitor, J. C. 
 Lethbridge, Esq. — Estates in Northumberland, Cimiberland, and 
 Durham : Receiver, John Grey, Esq. — General Inspector of Mines, 
 John Taylor, Esq. 
 
 For account of the " Royal Hospital Schools", see chapter 
 on Educational Charities. 
 
 MORDEN COLLEGE, Blackheath. Founded 1695, 
 for the reception of decayed merchants, who are members 
 of the Established Church, and widowers or bachelors, of 
 the age of fifty years or upwards. The present number of 
 pensioners is forty. They have ^72 a-year, medical attend- 
 ance, coals, candles, and washing, and the use of a library. 
 The College is of the institution of Sir John Morden, Knight- 
 banneret, who was himself a considerable merchant, trading 
 particularly with the Levant, and built the college in his 
 life-time. He died in the year 1705, bequeathing all his 
 freehold and personal property (amounting at that time to 
 about ,£1200 a-year), after the decease of Lady Morden, for 
 the endowment of the charity, designed, as the deed states, 
 " for poor, honest, sober, and discreet merchants, of the age of 
 50 at the least, who may have lost their estates by accidents, 
 ways, or means, in their honest endeavour to get their living 
 by way of merchandize," The chapel, which is constructed 
 with great taste, and contains some choice wood carvings, 
 especially over the communion table and in and about the 
 porch, from the chisel of Gibbons, was consecrated by Arch- 
 bishop Tennison. A handsome dining hall, baths, etc., were 
 added in the year 1845, when the fields about the college 
 were laid out in pleasure grounds, for the use of the pen- 
 sioners. 
 
 Elections vested in the trustees,^ They are, C. Bosanquet, 
 
 ^ The Turkey Company selected the inmates so long as it was in exist- 
 ence ; but they are now appointed by the East India Company (by trus- 
 tees, as above), according to the provision made by the founder's will, " in 
 the event of breaking up of saide Companie." " The total income of the 
 
218 
 
 itlM fur ALMSHOUSES. 
 
 T. A. Curtis, T. Baring, Esqrs.; Sir W. Lubbock, Bart.; 
 Hon. J. T. L. MelvUle ; J. B. Heath, Esq.; and K. D. Hodg- 
 son, Esq. 
 
 Treasurer, Henry Smyth, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. William 
 Marsh, M.A. 
 
 The following will be found in a previous chapter, under 
 another subject : — 
 
 The Scottish Hospital and Corporation, page 139. 
 
 The French Protestant Hospital, page 142. 
 
 The Jews' Hospital, page 144. 
 
 Almshouses and other asylums wholly, or for the most 
 part, endowed, claim next attention. It will be found they 
 are for the benefit of the aged and infirm, chiefly of specified 
 localities, or other claims ; and their management conse- 
 quently vested in parochial trustees, or the various city 
 companies treated of in the last chapter. The first mentioned 
 is inserted in longer detail than the succeeding summary, 
 from its forming an admirable sample of what it must be 
 desired all should be, and, it is gratifying to add, a fair spe- 
 cimen of what the chief of them actually are. 
 
 STAFFORD'S ALMSHO USES, at the north-east end of 
 Gray's Inn-lane, Holbom. Founded 1638. For the reception 
 of decayed housekeepers, who have paid rates and taxes in 
 St. Andrew, Holborn-above-Bars, and St. George the Martyr, 
 Queen-square. There are at present nine women and five men 
 in this comfortable retreat. The will of the founder^ provides 
 
 College is about i£5,300 a year. The chaplain has a stipend of ;£800 a 
 year, ^71.5 being derived from an estate left for his special benefit." — 
 Knight's London, p. 6, .344. 
 
 ^ The founder was Alexander Stafford, Esq., born at Froome Selwood, 
 in Somersetshire ; resident, for many years, in High Holborn In the year 
 1613 he allotted half an acre of Liquorpond Field " for the purpose of 
 erecting an almshouse for ten poor unmamed persons, inhabitants of the 
 parish of St. Andrew, Holborn "; and by his will, bearing date May 10, 
 1651, he names ten trustees, as above stated, whom he calls " his beloved 
 friends in Christ, and his good neighbours." Mr. Stafford devised the 
 rents of two houses in Basing-lane and Broad-street ; also property at 
 Froome Selwood for other charitable purposes, and the residue of his 
 property to one Mr. John Wright of Holborn, appointing him sole execu- 
 tor. This gentleman proved the will September 29th, and afterwards 
 himself greatly contributed to the increasing comfort of the poor alms- 
 people. The parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, is one particularly distin- 
 guished for the charitable memorials of the liberality of the inhabitants ; 
 and, were it not for the fear of speedily outrunning our hmits, we might 
 
219 
 
 %^t £gBil. ALMSHOUSES. 
 
 only for four men and six women as inmates, who should be 
 of " honest life and conversation," and " frequent the church 
 ordinarily every Sabbath day." Some years back, the Court 
 of Chancery granted leave to the trustees to extend the ob- 
 jects of the benevolent founder to fourteen inmates, with 
 power, from time to time as they might think fit, to increase 
 that number. The charity is governed by a self-elective body 
 of ten trustees, six from St. Andrew Holborn, and four from 
 St. George the Martyr. The will of the founder only enjoins 
 six trustees from St. Andrew's ; but St. George the Martyr 
 having been originally part of St. Andrew's, the addition 
 was found desirable. The funds of the charity are husbanded 
 with care ; the collection of the rents and all other required 
 duties being fulfilled gratuitously for one year by each trustee 
 in succession undertaking the onerous duties of treasurer, 
 collector, and manager. The accounts of the year are audited 
 on his retiring from office (St. Andrew's day) by the rector 
 and churchwardens of the parish, and usually by a full at- 
 tendance of his co-trustees. The income now realizes ^520 
 per annum. The almspeople are paid quarterly, £24 per 
 annum each, with an ample supply of the best coals ; also 
 gowns for the females, and over or great coats for the men 
 every alternate year. 
 
 The trustees are selected from the principal inhabitants ; 
 and personal knowledge enables us to add, that much time 
 and attention are devoted by them to the best interests of 
 the charity. They are at the present time as follows : — 
 Francis Wigg, Richard Ramsden, John Hooper, William 
 Joseph Booth, Charles Griffith, John Robert Taylor, James 
 Mansfield, Luke Hopkinson, James Burchell, and Christo- 
 pher Crouch, Esqrs. 
 
 Applications of candidates for admission to the almshouses 
 should be made by petition, under cover, to Luke Hopkin- 
 son, Esq., 10, Bedford-row, the treasurer for the present year; 
 vouched, as to the eligibility of the candidates, and the 
 truthfulness of their petition, by the signatures of respect- 
 able inhabitants, who know them to be deserving persons. 
 
 Ayre^s Almshouses, for deserving poor, White's-alley, Cole- 
 man-street ; founded in 1617, by Mr. Christopher Ayre ; in 
 the gift of the Leathersellers' Company ; for six poor men 
 
 recount details of much interest connected with the Thavies' estate, Lady 
 Hatton's, Bloomfield's, Morton's, and other bequests, amounting, in the 
 aggregate, to nearly ^3,000 per annum ; but deem it preferable to be 
 satisfied with the general reference already given to parochial charities. 
 
220 
 
 CljHritiBS fur almshouses. 
 
 and their wives, housekeepers of the parish, who have been 
 better off, and of good conduct. The houses were rebuilt at 
 the expense of the parish under the direction of the fee offi- 
 cers, 1789. 
 
 AlleyrCs Almshouses, Lamb's-alley, Bishopsgate-street ; 
 founded in 1614, in Petty France, by Edward AUeyn, Esq., 
 founder of Duhvich College, and is for ten men and women, 
 each of whom were to have £2 per year : also, in Park-street, 
 Borough Market, late in Soap-yard, Deadman's-place, South- 
 wark, similar ten houses for the same number, each to have 
 6d. per week, and every other year a coat or gown. See also 
 Dulwich Almshouses, Bath-street. 
 
 Amyas's Almshouses, George-yard, between 108 and 109, 
 Old-street ; founded in 1655, by Susannah Amyas, for eight 
 poor persons. 
 
 Armourers' and Braziers' Almshouses ; for poor of Com- 
 pany ; situate in Britannia-place, next to 184 Bishopsgate- 
 street-without ; founded 1554, by Lady Elizabeth Morrice's 
 endowment, and others. 
 
 Ashe's Hospital, see Haberdashers, page 224. 
 
 Badger s Almshouses, Hoxton Old Town; founded in 1698, 
 by Mrs. Allen Badger; for six women, who are also allowed 
 20s. a-year. 
 
 Bancroft's Almshouses, WHe-endL-rondi; founded 1735, by 
 F. Bancroft, Esq., for thirty poor old members of the Dra- 
 pers' Company ;i .£26 per annum, and a chaldron and a half 
 of coals, allowed to each. In the presentation of the Drapers' 
 Company, the master warden and court of assistants of which 
 present in rotation. 
 
 Baremere's Almshouses, 'Hoxton; founded 1701, by Rev. Mr. 
 Baremere, a Presbyterian clergyman, for eight poor women. 
 
 Bethnal Green Almshouses ; founded by Sir. Thomas Par- 
 mitter and others, in the year 1722, and maintains six poor 
 men, who are provided with coals, and £5 annually ; fifty 
 boys are likewise educated, and supplied with shoes, stock- 
 ings, and books. 
 
 ^ Francis Bancroft was the grandson of Archbishop Bancroft. His 
 early circumstances were much reduced, and he was engaged for many 
 years as one of the Lord Mayor's officers, during which time he acquired 
 a fortune of ^£'21,000, in real and personal estate, which he bequeathed 
 by will, March 18, 1727, to the Company of Drapers, for the above pur- 
 poses, and a chapel and schoolroom for a hundred boys. For account of 
 school, see chaptei on educational charities. 
 
221 
 
 $)^t ^gpi. ALMSHOUSES. 
 
 Boone's Almshouses ; founded in 1623, by Charles Boone, 
 Esq., for six poor persons, a schoolmistress, and schoolhouse. 
 Situate at Lee, near Blackheath, and in the gift of Merchant 
 Tailors' Company. 
 
 Butler's Almshouses, Little Chapel- street, Westminster, 
 was founded 1 675, by Mr. Nicholas Butler, for two poor men 
 and their wives. 
 
 Bakers' Company Almshouses, at Hackney ; for freemen 
 and liverymen. • 
 
 Brewers' Almshouses, Oxford-street, Whitechapel-road. 
 For almshouses vested likewise in trust of Company, see 
 Lady Owen's endowment. 
 
 Camden and Kentish Town Almshouses, Little Randolph- 
 street, Camden Town ; for twenty-four aged and deserving 
 women ; preference given to those who have seen better days, 
 and inhabitants of the neighbourhood. Vested in trustees, 
 members of foundress's family, and minister of Camden and 
 Kentish Town Chapels for the time being. 
 
 Camp's Almshouses. Endowment was provided by L. 
 Camp, Esq., 1612, for the relief of six poor people of the 
 parish of Allhallows, London-wail, and twelve ditto in houses 
 at Frier Barnet. 
 
 Caron's Almshouses, Vauxhall, founded 1622, by Noel, 
 Baron of Caron, ambassador in this country from the States 
 General, in the thirty-second year of his embassy, for seven 
 poor women of the parish of Lambeth, of 60 years of age 
 and upwards. 
 
 Captain Cook's Almshouses, Mile-end. 
 
 Coopers' Almshouses, Schoolhouse-lane, Ratcliffe, founded 
 by Tobias Wood, Esq., in 1616, for six poor members of the 
 Company, not having received parochial relief. 
 
 Cure's Almshouses, Park-street, formerly at College-yard, 
 Counter-street, Southwark, founded in 1584, for sixteen poor 
 men and women, by Thomas Cure, Esq. 
 
 Cutler's Almshouses, Ball's-pond-road, Islington ; consist 
 of twelve houses for twenty-four inmates, under the manage- 
 ment of the Court of Assistants of the Cutlers. 
 
 Dulwich Almshouses, 1 to 10 Bath-street (formerly Pest- 
 house-row), St. Luke's, founded by Edward Alleyn, Esq., for 
 ten poor men or women. The first brick was laid by Alleyn 
 himself, 1620, and in the following year he records, " placed 
 three men and seven women in the ten houses." They were 
 rebuilt 1707. The founder provided that each poor inmate 
 
222 
 
 Cjjaritifs fur almshouses. 
 
 " should receive 6d. per week, and every other year a coat or 
 gown." 
 
 Dyers' Almshouses, City-road, erected by Company, in 1775, 
 for sixteen poor persons, free of the same, and widows. Ori- 
 ginally founded in White-alley, Holborn. The present 
 building consists of three sides of a quadrangle, containing 
 eight houses of two rooms each. The almspeople receive an 
 annual pension and coals. The Company have likewise 
 another almshouse for ten decayed •members, in St. John- 
 street, near Brick-lane, Spitalfields. 
 
 Drapers' Company have the trust of management of Ban- 
 croft's, Pernell's, three of Walter's, Edmonson's, Harman's, 
 and Melbourne's ; also Queen Elizabeth's College. 
 
 Davis^s Almshouses, Queen's Head-lane, Islington; erected 
 and endowed 1793, for eight aged and poor widows, by Mrs. 
 Jane Davis, in accordance with the will of her husband, late 
 of the parish. The inmates have £10 a-year each, and three 
 sacks of coals. Management vested in local trustees. 
 
 Dutch Almshouses, Crown-street, Finsbury ; erected and 
 endowed by wealthy Dutch merchants at different periods ; 
 consisting of a handsome and commodious building, now ac- 
 commodating twenty inmates. Fourteen tenements are for 
 the poor of the Dutch in Austin Friars, with the deacons of 
 which the trust is invested. The inmates must be above 60 
 years of age, and are provided with every comfort, with a 
 pension of 8s. each person. The endowment is a valuable 
 one, derived from property at Highgate, Hammersmith, etc. 
 One of the principal testators thereof was Egbert Gent, Esq., 
 of Overyssel, Holland, who died at Highgate, 1733. 
 
 JSast India Almshouses, Poplar, were originally esta- 
 blished as early as the date of their first charter, for the 
 relief of the widows of mates and seamen who have died in 
 the service. The present building was erected about forty 
 years back. It consists of two quadrangles, comprehending 
 residences for thirty-nine petty officers, receiving each about 
 £9 or ^10 per annum, besides coals and meat in the winter. 
 An upper square consists of eighteen houses with gardens, 
 appropriated as the residence of the widows of captains, re- 
 ceiving pensions of from ^30 to £80 annually, according to 
 rank of their husbands. Sir Charles Cotterell likewise be- 
 queathed an endowment for six sailors' widows : some years 
 back these almshouses were in Chapel-yard, Soho. 
 
 Edmondson''s, Bromley, foucded in 1706, by John Edmond- 
 
223 
 
 dtljf ^9e![. almshouses. 
 
 son, Esq., for twelve poor persons, invested with the Drapers' 
 Company. 
 
 Edwards's, founded in 1717, by Mr. Edward Edwards, 
 situate in Church- street, Blackfriars-rcad, for such decayed 
 housekeepers or widows of the parish, who receive no alms 
 from that or any other parish ; under the direction of the 
 rector and parish officers of Christ Church, Surrey. 
 
 Fishmongers' Almshouses, are ninety-four in number ; 
 viz,, an extensive building at Newington, for poor mem- 
 bers of company above fifty years of age and free five 
 years ; founded by letters patent of James I, and called St. 
 Peter's hospital. Vide page 212. The others consist of 
 almshouses in- distant parts of the country, not within our 
 limits to give an extended notice of ; viz., as Jesus' Hospital, 
 at Bray, Berks, founded by ^\'illiam Goddard, Esq., with ac- 
 commodation for forty pensioners ; also twelve almshouses at 
 Harriesham, in Kent, founded by Mark Quested, Esq., six 
 for poor freemen of the company, and six for parishioners. 
 
 French Protestant Almshouses, established 1733, situate 
 in Spitalfields, for supplying poor French Protestants with 
 soup, meat, and bread ; also, in Black Eagle-street, is 
 another establishment, giving residence and allowance to 
 forty-five poor men and women. It belongs to, and is sup- 
 ported by, the French congregation of the Episcopal church 
 in the neighbourhood. 
 
 Fuller's, Mile-end-road, founded and endowed by Judge 
 Fuller, 1502, for twelve ancient poor men of the parish of 
 Stepney ; also others in Old Gloucester-street, Hoxton, for 
 twelve poor women. 
 
 Framework Knitters' Almshouses, Kingsland-road, corner 
 of Pearson -street, for the benefit of twelve poor freemen of 
 company, in the direction of whom the management is 
 vested. Founded and endowed, 1727, by Thomas Brown, 
 or Bourne. 
 
 Oirdlers', Bath-street, Old- street-road (formerly Pest- 
 house-row), founded and endowed by George Palyn, in 1609, 
 for six poor members of the company, in whose trust the 
 endowment is vested. 
 
 Goldsmiths' , Hackney, founded, 1703, by R. Morell, Esq., 
 for six aged liverymen, who receive £21 annually, two 
 chaldrons of coals, and a new gown of the value of £2 10s. ; 
 also, at Woolwich, endowed by Sir Martin Bowes, 1565, for 
 five poor widows, inhabitants and parishioners of Woolwich, 
 
224 
 
 ENDOWED CjjSritiM for almshouses. 
 
 of the age of fifty-five years and upwards, who receive £25 
 per annum, besides coals ; and others at Acton, founded by 
 John Perryn, Esq., which were rebuilt in the present hand- 
 some manner in 1812. 
 
 The two following are old foundations, from endowments 
 now not easily recognized, being in all probability merged 
 into some recent establishment. 
 
 Orahani's, founded 1686, in Crown-street, Soho-square, 
 by Mrs. Graham, for decayed clergymen's widows or un- 
 married daughters, — and Gresham's, City Green-yard, White- 
 cross-street, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham, in 1575, for 
 eight poor persons. 
 
 Haberdashers', Hoxton, founded by Robert Aske, Esq., in 
 1692, by bequest of £31,905, for twenty poor men of the com- 
 pany, each to be allowed about £30 per annum ; and for 
 twenty poor boys, to be maintained, clothed, and educated, as 
 much as would cost £20 each. Boys are admitted at the age 
 of nine, and remain until fourteen, and are afterwards appren- 
 ticed : they must be sons of freemen of company. Pensioners 
 are admitted at age of fifty, must also be freemen of company, 
 and unmarried. The nomination of scholars, pensioners, 
 and officers of the establishment is in the gift of court of 
 assistants : preference is always given to candidates who have 
 borne charge of warden assistant, or liveryman, or their chil- 
 dren. Chaplaincy value £50 per annum, house, and coals. 
 The original edifice was built by Dr. Hooke, the mathema- 
 tician, and the present hospital from the designs of D. R. 
 Roper. There is also an asylum at Monmouth, Wales, 
 founded by will of W. Jones, 1614, for twenty poor diseased, 
 as blind, or lame, at discretion of company. 
 
 Harmar's, founded in 1713, by Mr. Samuel Harmar, for 
 twelve single men and women ; six to be nominated by St. 
 Leonard's parish, Shoreditch, and the others by the Draper's 
 company. 
 
 Heath's, Frog-lane, Tibberton-square, Islington, and at 
 26, Monkwell-street, City, founded by John Heath, Esq., 
 1648, and others, for ten poor freemen of the Cloth workers' 
 Company, in whose gift the presentation is. 
 
 HilTs, Old Rochester-row, Tothill-fields, founded in 1708, 
 by Emery Hill, Esq., for six poor men and their wives, and 
 six poor widows ; in 1677, he founded houses for three men 
 and their wives, in Petty France, Westminster. 
 
 HiU's {Bev, Rowland) see Surrey chapel almshouses. 
 
225 
 
 ENDOWED ^yjlB ^^tll. ALMSHOUSES, 
 
 Hinton's, Plough-alley, Barbican, founded in 1732, by 
 Mrs. Alice Hinton, for twelve poor widows of the parish of 
 St. Giles, Cripplegate. 
 
 Holies', Great St. Helen's, founded in 1539, by Lady 
 Holies, and Mrs. Alice Smith, widow, for six poor men and 
 women ; in the gift of the Skinners' Company, who are 
 trustees. 
 
 Hopton''s, Greenwalk, Christchurch, founded by C. Hop- 
 ton, Esq,, 1730, for twenty-six poor men, who have been 
 housekeepers, with £10 and a chaldron of coals annually to 
 each ; vested in the parish officers. 
 
 Hillier's Almshouses, are between 119 and 120 in the 
 Curtain-road. Secretary, Mr. H. Weymouth. 
 
 Jeffery's Almshouses, Kingsland-road, founded 1703, by 
 Sir Robert Jeffery, consists of about fourteen houses, with a 
 chapel in the centre, for fifty-six poor persons, either his re- 
 lations, or freemen of the Ironmongers' Company, in whom 
 the trust is vested. 
 
 Judd's, Great St. Helen's, founded by Sir Andrew Judd, 
 Lord Mayor of London in 1551, for six poor men of the 
 company, and vested in the Skinners' Company, by whom 
 they were rebuilt in 1729. 
 
 Leatherselleri Asylum, Clark's-place, 58 and 59, Bishops- 
 gate- street, founded by John Hasilwood, in 1544, for four 
 men and three women, decayed merchants free of company, 
 or others ; also by Christopher Lyre, in White's-alley, 1617, 
 for six poor men and their wives, and Robert Rogers, in 
 Hart-street, Cripplegate, founded in 1612, for six poor men 
 and their wives. 
 
 Lumley's, City -road, next to 6, Eagle-terrace (fonnerly in 
 Pesthouse-fields), founded by Viscountess Lumley, in 1672, 
 for six poor men of the parishes of Bishopsgate and Aldgate. 
 
 Meggs, next to 232, Whitechapel-road, founded 1558, for 
 the support of twelve poor widows, by William Meggs, Esq.. 
 
 Melbourne's, Crutched-friars, founded in 1535, by Sir John 
 Melbourne, Lord Mayor of London in 1521, for thirteen poor 
 women of the Drapers' Company. 
 
 Mercers^ Company are entrusted with the management of 
 the following : 1, Whittington's Almshouses, page 207; 2, 
 West Lavington, Wilts, founded by Alderman W. Dauntsay, 
 for the poor of that place; 3, Gresham's, page 224; 4, Trinity 
 Hospital, Greenwich, known likewise as Norfolk College, page 
 210 ; and 5, Lady Mico's, Stepney Churchyard, founded by 
 
 15 
 
226 
 
 Cljaritits for almshouses. 
 
 Jane, relict of Sir Samuel Mico, 1670, for twelve poor widows, 
 each to receive £12 per annum. 
 
 Merchant Tailors' Company are invested with almshouses 
 in Princes-street, Rosemary-lane, for twenty-six poor widows 
 of deceased members ; others were erected on Tower-hill, 
 founded by Richard Hills, once master of the company, 
 1593, for fourteen poor widows, since then enlarged (1637) 
 for twelve more, and, in 1835, in consequence of the delapi- 
 dated state of the old buildings and their confined situa- 
 tion, the company erected new almshouses at Lee, in Kent, 
 at a cost of £9,480 ; the present number of almswomen is 
 between thirty and forty. And by Dr. White's will, they send 
 eight pensioners to Sion College Almshouses ; — and have the 
 trust of Boone's. 
 
 Monox's Almshouses, Walthamstow, founded 1686, by 
 George Monox, Alderman, for eight poor men and five women, 
 with a schoolhouse and apartments for children ; vested in 
 the management of the parish oflScers. 
 
 Nicholas\ see Salters' Almshouses. 
 
 Owen^s Almshouses, Owen's-row, Goswell- street-road ; 
 founded by Lady Owen, in 1609,^ for ten poor women, now 
 thirteen ; under the management, partly of the Leather- 
 sellers' and partly of the Brewers' Company. 
 
 Overman's Almshouses, Montague-close, South wark, were 
 founded by Mrs. Alice Shaw Overman, of Newington, for 
 eight single women, of whom four are to be widows, and four 
 maidens, of fifty years of age or upwards, members of the 
 Church of England ; without any preference as to parish or 
 place of birth or residence. Their pensions are £1 per 
 month, and 10s. each New Year's Day. The management 
 is vested in three trustees, who nominate as pensioners occur. 
 
 Pachington' s, Whitefriars, were founded by Lady Ann 
 Packington, 1560, for eight poor women, and left to the 
 charge of the Cloth workers' Company. 
 
 Palmer'' s, Palmer' s-passage, Westminster, founded in 1654, 
 by the Rev. James Palmer, B.D., for twelve poor persons, 
 and a school for twenty boys. 
 
 PemelVs, founded 1698, Whitechapel-road, for four poor 
 
 ^ Originally designated as of " the south end of Islington," erected by 
 Lady Owen to commemorate her escape from death in Islington fields, 
 ■where a chance arrow from the bow of an archer pierced through her 
 ladyship's high-crowned hat. The almshouses are erected on the spot 
 where this occurred. 
 
227 
 
 ^l)i ^gfi. ALMSHOUSES. 
 
 drapers' widows, and four widows of East India Company's 
 seamen, belonging to Stepney parish, to receive pensions of 
 £4 each, £1 for a gown, and £1 for coals, 
 
 Rogers's A hnshouses, Hart-street, Wood-street, erected and 
 endowed 1612, by will of Robert Rogers, Esq., merchant 
 adventurer, of London, who died 1601 ; for six poor couples, 
 free of city, having no charge of children. The pension is 
 not above £4 per annum to each. The election is vested with 
 the corporation and the Leathersellers' Company. 
 
 Rippon's Almshouses, are situated in New Park-street, 
 Southwark. Samuel Gale, Esq., Treasurer. 
 
 Sailers' , Monkwell-street, founded in 1775, by Sir Ambrose 
 Nicholas, for seven poor men and five poor widows of the 
 company, in whose guardianship the whole is vested. 
 
 Stepney Meeting Almshouses, for the benefit of the poor of 
 the chapel ; the management vested in the chapel deacons. 
 Situated in Salmon-lane. Secretary, Mr. Thomas Freelove. 
 
 Sailmxtkers^ Almshouses, Mile-end-road. 
 
 Saint Benet's Almshouses, next to 4, Peter's Hill, Doctors 
 Commons. 
 
 Saint Clement Danes Almshouses, Foregate, St. Clement's. 
 
 Saint Giles and Saint George Bloomsbury Almshouses, 
 Smart's Buildings ; for the residence of twenty poor widows 
 of these parishes, who have 7s. a-week, and found in coals, 
 candles, and bread, under the direction of the parochial offi- 
 cers ; present building erected 1790. Endowed by bequest, 
 as far back as 1656, by the Earl of Southampton, and 1674, 
 by Henry Carter, Esq, 
 
 St. Leonard's Almshouses, Shoreditch, between 21 and 22 
 Hackney-road. 
 
 Saint MartirC s-in-the-Fields Almshouses are situated in 
 Bayham-street, Camden Town ; consist of thirty houses, ac- 
 commodating seventy almswomen on the parish foundation, 
 and thirty-five out-door-pensioners. Candidates must be sixty 
 years of age, and have been resident householders. The elec- 
 tion rests with the vestry. 
 
 Skinners', Mile-end-road, founded by Lewis Newbury, in 
 1698, for twelve poor widows, who receive .£16. 16s. annually, 
 and a chaplain, at £40 annually. The company also have 
 the trust of Lady Holles's and Sir Andrew Judd's. 
 
 Smith's, were founded in 1584, by Mr. D. Smith, St. Peter's 
 Hill, Doctors Commons, for six poor widows, turned of fifty- 
 six, under the management of Christ's Hospital. 
 
228 
 
 CjjaritiBS for almshouses. 
 
 Stafford's Almshouses, Gray's-inn-lane, demised by ■will, 
 1651, vide page 218. 
 
 Tabernacle Almshouses, Tabemacle-row, City-road, consist' 
 of twelve houses, in the gift of the trustees of the Tabernacle. 
 
 Trinity Hospital'^ consists of two buildings ; the one, 
 founded in the reign of Henry VIII, 1537, rebuilt 1788, 
 adjoins the churchyard of St. Nicholas, Deptford ; the other 
 is in Church-street, founded during the revolution, by be- 
 quests of Sir Richard Browne, Captain William Maples, &c. 
 The pensioners of both hospitals consist of decayed pilots 
 and masters of ships or their widows. The single men and 
 widows receive about £12 per annum ; the married men 
 about £18. — The almshouses are situated on the north side 
 of the Mile-end-road, on ground given for the purpose by 
 Captain Henry Mudd, an elder brother, in 1695, and have 
 been endowed by bequests of Captain Fisher, in 1711, for 
 the widows of shipmasters, and several others, and now 
 numbers altogether twenty-eight ; devoted to the residence 
 of decayed commanders of ships, or mates, or pilots, and 
 their wives or widows. Their pensions are £\S per annum, 
 and a chaldron and a half of coals. 
 
 Vintners', Mile-end-road, next to 21 Park-place ; origi- 
 nally founded in 1446, by Guy Shuldam, but have been 
 much added to by the company ; for the benefit of twelve 
 widows of deceased members, who receive 5s. 3d. weekly 
 each, and a chaldron of coals, and about 40s. at certain times 
 annually. 
 
 Van Dun's, York-street, originally in Petty France, West- 
 minster, founded 1577, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, by 
 Cornelius Van Dun, a native of Brabant, for twenty poor 
 widows. 
 
 ^ The Corporation of the Trinity House was founded by Sir Thomas 
 Sperl, comptroller of the navy to Henry VIII, at Deptford ; and incor- 
 porated on the 20th of May, 1 515, by the name of the " Master, Wardens, 
 and Assistants, of the Guild, or Fraternity, of the most glorious and un- 
 divided Trinity ; and of St. Clement, in the parish of Deptford, Stroud, 
 in the county of Kent." By their charter, they have the power of 
 examining, licensing, and regulating pilots, and of erecting beacons and 
 lighthouses, and placing buoys in channels and rivers. Their powers 
 and privileges have been greatly augmented since the first charter ; and 
 their revenue, which arises from tonnage, ballastage, and from contingent 
 benefactions, etc., is applied, after defraying the general purposes of the 
 foundation, towards the relief of decayed seamen, their wives, and widows, 
 and orphans ; of whom they annually relieve a large number by pensions, 
 etc., in addition to those iu their almshouses above mentioned. 
 
229 
 
 SURREY CHAPEL ^jjj ^gP&. ALMSHOUSES, A.D. 1811 
 
 Weavers', Old-street-road, erected by Mr. William Watson, 
 for the widows of twelve poor weavers. There is an endow- 
 ment also for others in Blossom-street, Norton-folgate, called 
 Porter's-fields Almshouses, by Nicholas Garret, 1725, for six 
 decayed members of the company, in whom the trust is 
 invested. 
 
 Westbi/'s, Hoxton, founded in 1749, by Mrs. Mary Westby, 
 of Bocking, Essex, for ten poor women. 
 
 Whittington's, Highgate-hill, originally founded in 1421, 
 by Richard Whittington, Esq., and considerably added to 
 since by various gifts ; vide page 207. 
 
 Walter's, are three buildings founded by John Walter, in 
 1651, for sixteen poor men and women, situate in Cross-street, 
 Newington ; and for four poor men and eight poor women, 
 situate in Blackman-street, Southwark ; and the third, 
 founded in 1658, in Old-street, for eight poor widows ; all 
 in the trust of the Drapers' Company. 
 
 The next class of institutions are such as in design and 
 establishment are of a similar character, but later date, and 
 more or less dependant upon voluntary contributions ; 
 but many of these are now gradually advancing to the posi- 
 tion of endowed establishments. 
 
 A more detailed account of each appears desirable, both 
 from their part dependance on public support, and their 
 benefits not being so restricted in application. 
 
 SURREY CHAPEL ALMSHOUSES, Hill-street, Wel- 
 lington-street. Erected 1811. Founded and principally en- 
 dowed by the late Rev. Rowland Hill, for the accommodation 
 of twenty-three destitute females, who have been at least 
 seven years members of some Christian Church, preference 
 being given to those of Surrey Chapd. The candidates are 
 elected by a committee, of which the trustees of the chapel for 
 the time being form a part : each almswoman receives 4s. a 
 week, and coals. The endowments of the charity will, it is 
 considered, eventually yield an income equal to the annual 
 expenses ; but at present £50 annually has to be supplied 
 by contributions. 
 
 Treasurer, Mr. G. Downing. — Secretary, Mr. S. Carter. 
 
 LICENSED VICTUALLERS' ASYLUM, Old Kent- 
 road. Institutedl827 ; incorporated 1842. For the reception 
 and maintenance of decayed aged licensed victuallers, and 
 their wives or widows. The establishment of the society of 
 
230 
 
 LICENSED victuallers' CjjftrititS fDI ASYLUM, A. D. 1842 
 
 licensed victuallers, originated in the efforts of a feAv licensed 
 victuallers in publishing a daily newspaper, the Morning 
 Advertiser, the profits of which they set apart for the relief of 
 their distressed brethren ; and thus, together with other sub- 
 scriptions and donations, a sum of nearly £5,000 per annum 
 is paid towards relieving their distress.^ The asylum, a most 
 splendid building, in the Old Kent-road, including the recent 
 addition of" the ladies' wing," contains one hundred and twen- 
 ty-six distinct habitations, and accommodates one hundred 
 and forty-three inmates, including the wives of those elected ; 
 each dwelling consists of three rooms. Twenty-five thousand 
 pounds were collected within six years, and expended on this 
 asylum, which, to the honour of the present age of licensed 
 victuallers be it recorded, has no rival in extent, it being such 
 an establishment as no other branch of trade can boast of. 
 
 At the present time a subscription is being raised for the 
 building and endowment of a chapel, which, judging from 
 the cordial cooperation immediately afforded to the plan 
 so soon as made public, will be efficiently carried out : in- 
 deed, the only wonder is, that the benevolence of the direc- 
 tors of the institution, has not been earlier awakened to 
 this deficiency hitherto existing in the most essential de- 
 partment of the establishment. The amount annually dis- 
 tributed towards support of inmates, and medical attendance, 
 coals, etc., averages from £1,200 to £1,400. The annual 
 income is nearly £2,-500, of which about £2,000 is derived 
 from voluntary contributions, and the remainder from inter- 
 est, dividends, etc. The amount of stock deposited at interest 
 is under £10,000. An annual subscriber is entitled to one 
 vote, and so on in proportion for every guinea annually 
 subscribed. 
 
 Chairman, Mr. R. B. Hughes, 23, Charles-street, Chelsea. — 
 Bankers, Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, Tritton, and Co. — Architect, 
 Henry Rose, Esq., 100, Great Guildford-street. — Surgeons, 
 ilessrs. Inwood and Clifton, 5, Southampton-street, Euston- 
 square. — Secretary and Solicitor, Mr. Thomas Jones, 1, King's 
 Arms-yard, Coleman-street. 
 
 AGED PILGRIMS' ASYLUM, CsLmheTy^eW. Instituted 
 1 826. Founded by the managers of " The Aged Pilgrims' 
 Friend Society", and is under their control. It consists of 
 almshouses, erected at Camberwell, for the reception of forty- 
 
 ^ For diis Pension Fund, vide chapter xiii. 
 
231 
 
 CHRISTIAN UNION 2lllE ilgjil, ALMSHOUSES, A.D. 1832 
 
 two of the pensioners on the parent society. Every donor to 
 the Aged Pilgrims' Friend Society, or to the Aged Pilgrims' 
 Asylum, of five guineas, or an annual subscriber of 7s., is 
 entitled, upon each election, to one vote for each vacancy. 
 For officers, etc., see page 244. 
 
 CHRISTIAN UNION ALMSHOUSES, John-street, 
 Edgware-road. Established 1832. " For poor and aged 
 believers of every Protestant denomination, of sixty years of 
 age and upwards, who have resided for the last preceding 
 three years in the north-west district of London ; viz., on the 
 north of Oxford-street and Bayswater-road, and West of 
 Tottenham-court and Hampstead-roads. There are thirty- 
 six inmates at the present time, who have a permanent in- 
 come of 45. Qd. per week. — Ten shillings and sixpence annu- 
 ally, or £5 donation, constitutes a governor, entitled to one 
 vote at all vacancies. 
 
 President, the Right Hon. the Earl of Chichester. — Treasurer, 
 John Labouchere, Esq. — Sub-Treasurer, Mr. Bissill, 26, Earl- 
 street West, Edgware-road. — Physicians, C. J. B. Williams, M.D. 
 — Surgeon, W. J. Byam, Esq. — Secretaries, Mr. Pitts, 8, Melina- 
 place ; Mr. W. Skianer, 14, Fulham-place, Paddington. 
 
 PARISH CLERKS' ALMSHOUSE INSTITUTION, 
 Camberwell. Established 1831, for the residence of widows 
 of such parochial and other clerks of the Established Church, 
 as have been subscribers to the time of their decease, and 
 have conformed to the rules and regulations made for the 
 government of this institution. But if no subscriber's widow 
 make application, then the widow of any parochial or chapel 
 clerk of the Established Church is eligible to become a can- 
 didate. One guinea annually, or ten guineas at one payment, 
 constitutes a member, entitled to one vote. Candidates must 
 apply by petition, within fourteen days of any vacancy, stat- 
 ing age and circumstances, and leave the same at the Hall, 
 83, Wood-street, Cheapside. 
 
 Treasurer, Mr. William Amott, 39, St. Andrew's-hill. — Col- 
 lector, Mr. T. Bullard, 9, Grocers'-hall-court, Poultry. 
 
 ASYLUM FOR WORTHY AGED AND DECA YED 
 F RE EM A SONS, Croydon, Surrey, designed and commenced, 
 1835, by the late Dr. R. T. Crucifix, a distinguished Free- 
 mason and philanthropist ; for worthy aged and decayed 
 Freemasons. It was originally intended granting pensions 
 to objects worthy of admission, but after the first election of 
 
232 
 
 L0i'i»0i\ ALMSHOUSES. CljarititS fill -A.D. 1832 
 
 seven pensioners, it was resolved to drop it for the future, as 
 interfering too much with the charity mentioned in next 
 chapter ; consequently the funds have been since devoted for 
 the asylum only. Although so long since first contemplated, 
 the building is not yet completed ; it promises to form a 
 pleasing specimen of the Gothic style, after a design by Mr. 
 Dankes, contracted to be built for £4,700, and will accommo- 
 date thirty-six inmates. One guinea annual constitutes a 
 subscriber, with one vote ; two guineas a governor, with two 
 votes ; and a donation of ten guineas two votes for life. 
 
 Trustees, Lord Southampton ; Colonel Anson, M.P. ; B. B. 
 Cabbell, Esq., M.P., and others. — Secretary, Mr. J. Whitmore, 
 125, Oxford- street. — Bankers, Messrs. Grote, Prescott, and Co. 
 
 INSTITUTION of the LONDON ALMSHOUSES, 
 Park-hill,Brixton, was established, 1832, in lieu of an illumi- 
 nation to commemorate reform in parliament, for aged and 
 decayed freemen and householders of London, and their wives 
 or widows, of good character and repute, in reduced circum- 
 stances through casualties of fortune, or visitations of Pro- 
 vidence. Candidates for admission must be free of the city, 
 inhabitants of the same ward two years, and in receipt of 
 .£12 per annum if single, or £20 if married ; the age at the 
 time of admission must be of males above sixty, and females 
 fifty-five, except they be wives of those elected, and each 
 case must be recommended by at least three subscribers. 
 Donors of £5, or subscribers of one guinea annual, entitled 
 to one vote at all elections, and more in proportion. 
 
 President, Sir John Key, Bart. — Treasurer, Sir John Pirie, 
 Bart. — Bankers, Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Co. — Secretary, Mr. 
 Welton, Town Clerk's Office, Guildhall, where the necessary 
 forms for applicants may be obtained. 
 
 ST. MAR YLEBONEALMSHO USES INSTITUTION, 
 Office, 2, Orchard-street. Established 1836.^ Afibrding an 
 asylum and support to aged and decayed parishioners of St. 
 Marylebone, above sixty years of age, and their widows, 
 above fifty-five, of good character, who have paid ten years' 
 rates in the parish, and received no parochial relief. The 
 election of inmates vested in the subscribers ; 10s. annual, or 
 £5 at one donation, constitutes a subscriber, with one vote 
 
 1 Originated by a legacy of .£500, left by Count Woronzow, 1832: 
 " bequeathed to the poor of the parish." This, under certain conditions, 
 was transferred to the vestry to carry out. 
 
233 
 
 BENEFIT societies' ^jfj ^gfjl. ASYLUM, A.D. 1829 
 
 on all vacancies. The present number of inmates is sixty- 
 three, whose average age is seventy ; they are allowed, each 
 person, 2s. if single, and Is. 6d. if married, and found in wood, 
 coals, and bread. 
 
 Treasurer, B. B. Cabbell, Esq., M.P. — Bankers, Sir Claude 
 Scott and Co. — Hon. Secretary, C. Flood, Esq., Court-house, St. 
 Marylebone. — Assistant Secretary and Collector, Mr. John AVil- 
 liam Knight, 2, Orchard-street, Portman-square, and 2, Welling- 
 ton-place, St. John's-wood.— Superintendent, Mr. R. A. Watkins. 
 
 METROPOLITAN BENEFIT SOCIETIES' ASY- 
 LUM, Balls' Pond, Islington. Founded 1829, erected 1836. 
 Candidates for admission must have been members of a benefit 
 society, established within ten miles of St. Paul's, for ten years 
 or upwards, of good character, and have attained the age of 
 fifty-five years, or otherwise incapacitated from following any 
 occupation. Candidates must send a statement to the com- 
 mittee, three months previous to each election, with particu- 
 lars of name, address, age, societies they may have belonged 
 to, and number of years members, etc.; such statement to be 
 signed by the secretaries, or persons qualified, accompanied 
 with a testimonial of character, and recommendation by two 
 subscribers. They must also attend personally at the next 
 meeting of the committee, when they will be informed of 
 their eligibility or rejection. No subscriber to recommend 
 more than one candidate at each election. Forms of petition 
 may be had on application to the secretary. The present 
 number of inmates is fifty, part of whom are resident in 
 houses rented for the purpose, until the wings of the asylum 
 are completed ; besides the asylum, they are provided with 
 coals and candles and medical attendance, etc. Five shil- 
 lings annually entitles to one vote, £2 donation one vote 
 for life. Benefit societies contributing £\ annually, or £10 
 donation, are entitled to recommend one of their own mem- 
 bers once in three years. 
 
 President, W. T. Copeland, Esq., Alderman. — Treasurer, John 
 Masterman, Esq. — Sub -Treasurer, Mr. J. C. Bowles, 77, Cannon- 
 street. — Chairman, Mr. R. M'Craight. — Secretary pro tem., Mr. 
 W. J. Cole.— Collector, Mr. W. J. Gilbert, 6, Great Smith-street, 
 Westminster. 
 
 FREE WATERMAN'S S LIGHTERMAN'S ALMS- 
 HO USES, Penge, Surrey. Established 1839. This fine range 
 of almshouses owe their erection, in the first instance, to the 
 
234 
 
 waterman's alms Cjiarife fur tjl? ^g?i. houses, A.n.lSSf). 
 
 liberality of the present president, who gave nearly£2,000 for 
 the purpose, and of the late Alderman Lucas and others of 
 the court, who likewise contributed large sums : they now 
 consist of forty houses, occupied by about sixty inmates, 
 who consist of poor aged, decayed, and maimed freemen of 
 the company of Watermen and Lightermen of the river 
 Thames, and their wives or widows, under the control of the 
 company, who have the power to elect all officers of the in- 
 stitution. All candidates for the benefits of the institution 
 must be approved of by the court ; and must apply to the 
 secretary by petition, with reference to two or more respon- 
 sible persons. Males must have completed their sixtieth 
 year, and females their fifty-fifth. With the exception of 
 six of the houses set apart for the presentments of the court, 
 the elections are vested in the subscribers ; annual sub- 
 scribers of one guinea are entitled to one, and donors of ten 
 guineas to two votes. A church has lately been opened in 
 the vicinity mainly for the benefit of the inmates. 
 
 The Royal Adelaide Fund, connected with the asylum, 
 is to assist in providing a decent and proper funeral for the 
 inmates thereof, who shall have been members, which they 
 can do by making very small payments, assisted as the fund 
 is by the benevolent. 
 
 President, John Dudin Brown, Esq. — Treasurers, Messrs. 
 Brown, Addis, Young, and Thompson. — Chaplain, Rev. Mar- 
 shall Hall Vine. — Surgeon, Arthur Hammond, Esq. — Architect, 
 Mr. George Porter. — Bankers, the Bank of England. — Honorary 
 Secretary, John Clark, Esq.— Clerk to the Company, H. Hum- 
 pheris, Esq. 
 
 The following will be found detailed in Chapter xiii, in connexion with, 
 or emanating from the respective charitable and provident societies : — 
 
 Booksellers' Provident Retreat 
 Bookbinders' Provident Asylum 
 Butchers' Almshouses 
 Fishmongers and Poulterers' Alms- 
 houses 
 
 Governesses' Asylum for Aged 
 London Maritime Asylum 
 Printers' Almshouses 
 Journeyman Tailors' Asylum 
 Pawnbn>kers' Almshouses 
 
 also liie National Guardian Institution, page 165. 
 
235 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 CHARITABLE AND BENEVOLENT 
 PENSION SOCIETIES. 
 
 The peculiar recomniendation of Charitable Pension Societies; their mo- 
 dern Establishment and present Extent. — General Summary of Incomes, 
 Number of Pensioners, etc. — The National Benevolent. — Plan of poll- 
 ing Votes ; the aggregate, and the Year's Polls — City of London, 
 Royal General, and other Pension Societies. — The new institution, 
 The British Beneficent. — Weekly Pensions for the Poorer Classes. — 
 For Roman Catholics. — Fund for Natives of Cumberland, and for 
 Masons. 
 
 Our Charitable Pension, and other Benevolent and Provident 
 Funds, form the advocates of their own cause ; they need 
 little or no art to point out their benefits or urge their claims 
 effectively upon general benevolence. They constitute, per- 
 haps, the most important provision that benevolence has 
 suggested, being for the chief part directed to the needs of 
 the aged and distressed of the middle classes. The broken- 
 down merchant ; the aged governess ; the distressed, and, it 
 may be, starving, artist or man of letters — all have the relief 
 of their necessities contemplated by the institutions detailed 
 in this and the following chapter. As the establishment of 
 almshouses and other asylums has been, as we have seen, 
 more peculiarly the work of a past age, so are the numerous 
 Pension and Benefit Funds the productions of our own ; 
 observation of the recent date of almost the whole of them 
 cannot fail to prove interesting, especially as their general 
 prosperity can vie with the most liberally endowed charities 
 that have passed under our review. 
 
 These institutions may be divided into two classes ; the 
 present chapter comprehending such as are of more general 
 application in their operations, or oflfering other reasons for 
 
236 
 
 NATIONAL BENEVOLENT CjjHrrtfllllB INSTITUTION, A. D. 1821 
 
 separation from the great bulk of Benevolent Funds detailed 
 in the succeeding, which contains, it will be found, such as 
 for the most are devoted to the benefit of particular profes- 
 sions, trades, and classes. 
 
 These now under consideration, like the " National Bene- 
 volent," appeal strongly to our sympathies and support, not 
 only on account of their general excellence of object, but 
 for their catholicity of regulations ; — presenting peculiar 
 claims on the philanthropists of all persuasions and of every 
 land. Under this head are included the following : — 
 
 Six of general character, granting pensions, varying from 
 ^12 to ^30 per annum ; 2 of a limited extent, now virtually 
 suspended ; 2 lately formed, not yet in active operation ; 1 
 for natives of Cumberland ; and 1 for Freemasons ; 4 grant- 
 ing weekly pensions to a poorer class (1 Roman Catholic). 
 
 Total number of institutions . . . 16 
 
 Granting annual, monthly, and weekly amounts 
 
 to pensioners to the number of . . 1,051 
 
 Total amount of income (exclusive of those not 
 
 in operation) .... £18,989 
 
 Of which there is derived from voluntary con- 
 tributions ..... £15,790 
 
 THE NATIONAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION, 
 comer of Southampton-row and Bloomsbury-place. Founded 
 1812.' For granting pensions to indigent gentry, professional 
 persons, tutors and governesses, decayed merchants, and 
 others who have been engaged in the higher departments of 
 trade, without distinction of religion, sect, or country ; and 
 is supported by voluntary contributions. 
 
 Petitioners, to be eligible, must have completed their 
 sixtieth year, and are required to produce a recommendation, 
 signed by the clergyman of the parish (or by the minister 
 whose religious tenets have been adopted), and by eight sub- 
 scribers, four of whom must be housekeepers. A certificate of 
 baptism, and, in the case of a widow, certificates of marriage 
 and of the burial of the husband, must accompany the peti- 
 tion, a proper form of which can oiily be obtained at the 
 
 ^ Founded by Peter Herve, Esq., an artist, who devoted much of his 
 time and talents, and suffered both in health and fortune, in effecting the 
 establishment of the institution. He died in 1827, at Chateaudun, in 
 France, declining, to the last, to accept any compensation out of the soci- 
 ety's funds. 
 
237 
 
 ^rosinn ^nri^tirs. benevolent, 1821 
 
 office, on the personal or written application of a subscriber. 
 Petitioners must have been resident in London, or its imme- 
 diate environs, for at least twelve months prior to the date of 
 their applications, and must not, during that time, have been 
 in the receipt of any parochial relief. An election takes place 
 annually on the last Thursday in November, when about 
 twenty pensioners are chosen, by the votes of the life-gover- 
 nors and subscribers. 
 
 The pensions are awarded by the following scale : — 
 
 i£20 per annum from the age of 60 to 68. 
 
 £0,5 per annum from ... 68 to 73. 
 
 ^30 per annum from ... 73 upwards, 
 and the amount of the pension is regulated by the age of 
 the candidate when elected, and is not subsequently in- 
 creased. The usual number of pensioners is about 230. The 
 total amount distributed in pensions, since the establishment 
 of the institution, is upwards of £121,000 ; the average an- 
 nual amount, £5,000. The funds appear in a satisfactory 
 condition : the amount of stock is about £40,000 and the 
 annual income exceeds £7,000, viz., £1,400 from dividends, 
 and £5,600 from voluntary contributions. 
 
 This institution may be well termed a " national" one, for 
 both in its object and liberality of operations, it fairly repre- 
 sents the essentials of British benevolence. Of late years, 
 the committee have greatly improved upon the old system 
 pursued in regulating the subscribers' votes for particular 
 candidates. An unsuccessful candidate used to have all the 
 ground to go over again ; but now the votes polled at one 
 election go to his credit at the next, upon another poll, 
 termed " the aggregate," upon which poll there are usually 
 some two or three candidates elected. This is a great boon 
 to those candidates whose friends are few, as, in four or five 
 years, with ordinary exertion, they must be elected. 
 
 ^ Experience at these elections; however, teaches that the more speedy 
 method is not to poll at all the first year, but to lend the votes until the 
 second year, and, if need be, till a third ; because a far less number is 
 required to insure election on the day's poll, than on the " aggregate." In 
 this respect,ihe present plan appears defective, as, besides its complication, 
 it offers a great premium to lending and borrowing. The remedy appears 
 clear and desirable, viz., i7(a< the present ttoo polls be merged into one. By 
 this, the grsmd motive for lending will be destroyed, and an inducement 
 afforded to every candidate to poll his utmost, — a result that must prove 
 as favourable to the funds as the tendency of the present system is detri- 
 mental. 
 
238 
 
 CITY OF LONDON, 1818. Cjlflritfltllj EAST LONDON, A.D. 1824 
 
 Contributors are entitled to ten votes for every 5s. annual, 
 and to twenty votes for every £5 donation. Two hundred 
 guineas in one payment entitles the donor to nominate a 
 pensioner immediately ; but the person nominated must 
 present a petition, and produce the same proofs of eligibility 
 as an ordinary candidate. The office of the institution is 
 open from ten till five daily. 
 
 President, the Duke of Devonshire. — Solicitor, Samuel Eobert 
 Topping, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Frederic Latreille. — Collector, Mr. 
 John Courtney, 5, Sydney-place, Clapham-road. 
 
 CITY OF LONDON GENERAL PENSION SOCI- 
 ETY, 5, Billiter-street. Founded 1818. For providing per- 
 manent relief, by means of monthly pensions, to decayed 
 artizans, mechanics, manufacturers, tradesmen, and their 
 widows. The amounts granted are at the discretion of the 
 board, but must not exceed 31s. to males, and 27s. to females, 
 monthly. The present number of pensioners is 58, and the 
 pensions granted, 21s. and 18s. respectively, "the funds not 
 justifying the committee to extend the same to the full 
 amount permitted." The present income is under £1,500 
 a-year, of which £1,200 is derived from voluntary contribu- 
 tions, and the remainder from dividends. 
 
 The elections are half-yearly, and the number of pensioners 
 elected at each is generally four. Candidates must be ac- 
 cepted by the committee, and be qualified by age or infirmi- 
 ties, similar to the last ; but the female pensioners are not 
 to exceed the number of males. 
 
 In the polling of votes, this society has pursued for the last 
 four years, we perceive, the plan recommended in the pre- 
 vious note, viz., the unconditional carrying on of votes polled 
 by an unsuccessful candidate to his credit at the next elec- 
 tion ; the committee being assured, they state, " in a bene- 
 volent institution like this, as the measure of its philanthropy 
 is extended and perfected, its increasing claims will be gene- 
 rously and warmly responded to." 
 
 President, the Duke of Bedford. — Secretary, Mr. Geo. Mence. 
 — Auditors, Messrs. William Kendle and John Morrison. 
 
 EAST LONDON GENERAL PENSION SOCIETY, 
 
 Tyssen-street, Bethnal-green. Instituted 1824. For the per- 
 manent relief of the aged and afflicted poor of both sexes, of 
 good character, by allowing a pension of 2s. 6d. per week to 
 the males, and to the females, 2s. per week. Such candidates 
 
239 
 
 LAMBETH, A.D. 1826 ^^BUSiUII ^DrttfeS. ROYAL GENERAL, 1827 
 
 for the pension as have been members of the fund, are 
 allowed a certain number of votes, proportioned to the time 
 they have been such members. The income is under £150 
 per annum, but devoted to the objects of the institution. 
 
 Every person paying 6s. per annum, becomes a member ; 
 and a donation of £2 at one payment, constitutes a mem- 
 ber for life. 
 
 President, Sir William Clay, Bart. — Chairman, John Parker, 
 Esq. — Treasurer, Mr. William Tumell. — Honorary Secretaries : 
 Mr. George Kirby, Orchard-street, Hackney ; Mr. Jacob Goullee, 
 Club-row, Bethnal-green. — Collector, Mr. H. T>. Clements, 6, 
 Artichoke-row, Mile-end-road. 
 
 EAST LONDON PENSION SOCIETY, established 
 in the neighbourhood of Aldgate, 1826; should scarcely 
 obtain insertion, being upon the eve of extinction. The Se- 
 cretary represents there are but three aged pensioners, receiv- 
 ing 5s. per week ; and, upon their death, the Society will be 
 dissolved. 
 
 Secretary, Mr. Geo. Henderson, 28, Mansel-street, Goodman's- 
 fields. 
 
 LAMBETH PENSION SOCIETY, Lambeth. Estab- 
 lished 1826. Candidates must have attained the age of 
 sixty-five ; never have received parochial relief ; have been 
 rated to the poor, for a house in the parish of Lambeth, at 
 £20 per annum, during ten years immediately prior to be- 
 coming candidates, and have paid all the rates during that 
 period. The pensioners, male and female, are chosen in equal 
 numbers : the former receive 7s.; the latter, 5s. per week, 
 payable monthly. The present number of pensioners is 
 eighteen men, and twenty-four women ; and their aggregate 
 amount of pensions is £498 : the total income is but £528, 
 derived, all but £22, from voluntary contributions. 
 
 Five shillings annually, or five guineas at one payment, 
 constitute a governor. 
 
 President, Rev. C. B. Dalton, M.A., Rector. — Treasurer, Wm. 
 Rogers, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. N. H. Rowsell, 9, Milford-plaoe. — 
 Trustees : the Rector ; William Rogers, Esq.; Charles Evans, Esq.; 
 and J. B. Clark, Esq. — Collector, Mr. James Cole, 7, York-row, 
 Kennington-road. 
 
 ROYAL GENERAL ANNUITY SOCIETY, 18a, 
 Basinghall-street. Established 1827. Similar in objects to 
 the National Benevolent ; viz., for granting pensions " to 
 
240 
 
 Royal genebal,1827 CjIHlitKlllp British phil. a.d. 1838 
 
 decayed merchants, bankers, professional men, master manu- 
 facturers, tradesmen, and clerks, their widows and daughters, 
 from all parts of the united kingdom"; but at present it is 
 more confined in its operations and amount of pensions 
 granted, — in fact, until within the last two or three years, 
 this charity was a very obscure one, so much so, as to escape 
 all mention in our previous work. Great efforts, however, 
 have lately been exerted in its behalf, and its management 
 characterized by a most liberal and earnest spirit ; the con- 
 sequence is, it now bids fair to rank second only to the insti- 
 tution referred to. The points of difference in its operations 
 besides their extent, is that candidates for this institution 
 may be under sixty years of age, if totally incapacitated ; 
 the unsuccessful votes polled at one election, are carried to 
 the candidate's credit at the next, for three successive elec- 
 tions ; and the amount of pension is limited to ,£2 5^. per 
 month for males, and £1 10s. for females. Two elections 
 take place every year, unless the second is deemed inexpe- 
 dient by the directors, and are decided by the subscribers' 
 votes. The usual number elected each time is six or eight : 
 the present number of pensioners on the society's funds is 
 forty. The income averages £1,500 a year ; but, judging 
 from the exertions being made by its directors, there is every 
 reason to believe this will speedily be more than doubled. In 
 addition to granting annuities, it is now proposed to build 
 an asylum to contain an equal number of male and female 
 applicants, to be chosen likewise by ballot at the usual elec- 
 tions when vacancies occur. 
 
 Ten shillings annually, or £5 donation, constitute a mem- 
 ber, entitled to two votes for every such subscription. Forms 
 of recommendation and petition for applicants, to be obtained 
 of the secretary. 
 
 President, A. W. Robarts, Esq. — Treasurer, Mr. Alderman 
 Thompson, M.P. — Treasurer of the Building Fund, A. G. Robarts, 
 Esq. — Trustees : Mr. Alderman Copeland, M.P. ; John Abel Smith, 
 Esq., M.P. ; George Carr Glyn, Esq., M.P.— Chaplain, Rev. Wil- 
 liam Henry Jones, M.A. — Secretary, Mr. Stephen J. Aldrich. — 
 Bankers, Bank of England. — Collector, Mr. Benjamin Butler, 262, 
 Oxford-street. 
 
 BRITISH PHILANTHROPIC PENSION SO- 
 CIETY, 145, Fenchurch-street. Established 1838, for 
 " the permanent relief of aged and distressed poor of both 
 sexes, by an allowance of 5s. per week for life"; foimed upon 
 
241 
 
 ROYAL GENERAL. ^c^PIISillE |>nriEtiE5. A.D. 1839 
 
 similar principles to the preceding, but for a more humble 
 class, and providing a less scale of pension. Up to 1843, the 
 society maintained twelve pensioners, at 2s. 6d. per week, and 
 the total number to the present time has only been eighteen, 
 of whom but five are now living ; these, however, now re- 
 ceive 5s. Two guineas at one time constitute a life, and 
 5«. a year an annual, governor, with the right of nominating 
 a candidate, and voting at all elections, a privilege not exer- 
 cised, apparently, for some time back. 
 
 President, Peter Morrison, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Martin, 
 Stones, and Martins. — Treasurer, Mr. John Titchiner, 145, Fen- 
 church-street. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. Henry Jenkins, 40, Lime- 
 street, City. 
 
 ROYAL GENERAL PENSION SOCIETY, 7, Chapel- 
 place, Cavendish-square. Instituted 1839. This society 
 was formed to relieve the urgent distress and destitution of 
 those, hitherto pensioners to the Union Pension Society, 
 but who, in consequence of its disastrous failure, were left 
 totally unprovided for. Seventy-eight persons, formerly re- 
 cipients of that society, were, in 1842, elected on the pension 
 list of this society, with an allowance of 5s. to 7s. per week. 
 The extent to which the society's benefits are at present 
 afforded cannot be positively stated, in consequence of the 
 report being represented as "under revision"; but it would 
 appear that it continues to grant pensions to nearly fifty 
 persons in necessitous circumstances ; the men having 3s. 6d. 
 and the women 2s. 6d. weekly. Subscriptions of one guinea 
 per annum, or a donation of ten guineas, constitute a sub- 
 scriber, with one vote at all elections. 
 
 Secretary, ifr. John Morris, 7, Chapel-place. — Collector, Mr. 
 Benjamin Butler. — Bankers, Messrs. Coutts and Co., Strand. 
 
 NORTH and EAST LONDON BENEVOLENT IN- 
 STITUTION, 7, Lawrence Pountney-lane. Commenced, 
 1849, under the title of the Finsbury and Shoreditch 
 Benevolent Institution, for affording permanent relief by 
 annuities similar to the last mentioned. The amounts of 
 pensions contemplated, are 28s. per month to males, and 
 20s. to females, with an additional weekly sum in case of 
 sickness ; as yet the society has made but little progress, 
 but the second election of pensioners is announced for the 
 ensuing spring. Five shillings annual, or five guineas dona- 
 tion, constitute a governor, with one vote. Attendance at 
 the office every Wednesday, from eleven until four. 
 
 16 
 
 ■ 
 
242 
 
 BRITISH BENEFICENT ChsritEMf INSTITUTION, A.D. 1850 
 
 Treasurer, Joseph Davies, Esq. — Consulting Physician, Heniy 
 Jeaffi-eson, Esq., M.D. — Surgeon, WiUiam Guest Carpenter, Esq. 
 Bankers, Messrs. Davies and Co. — Secretary, Mr. James Vine. — 
 Collector, Mr. William Shepherd. 
 
 THE BRITISH BENEFICENT INSTITUTION, 
 
 9, Lincoln's-inn-fields ; establishing 1850; appears to be 
 an attempt, on a large and comprehensive scale, to form a 
 charitable annuity society similar to the best of the fore- 
 going, divested of such features as in the idea of many ap- 
 pear objectionable ; such as the usual mode of electing 
 annuitants, — of canvassing for votes, etc. The plan of this 
 projected institution may thus be summed up : the afford- 
 ing pensions of £30 per annum, to be paid monthly, to "the 
 widows and unmarried daughters of military and naval 
 ofl5cers, clergymen, members of the learned professions, pro- 
 fessors of the fine arts, gentlemen engaged in mercantile 
 pursuits, and others having moved in a superior station 
 in society, resident in Great Britain or Ireland, who, by 
 reverses, are exposed to want :" also, the erection of alms- 
 houses, to which the recipients of the society's bounty will 
 have the privilege of becoming candidates, as vacancies occur. 
 The elections to be held yearly or half-yearly, according to the 
 state of the funds ; they are to be decided by ballot of the di- 
 rectors, upon the recommendation of the subscribers, it being 
 conceived that the choice would more generally be the result 
 of judgment, instead, as now, depending on the activity of 
 the canvas. However this may be, we much doubt whether 
 the old plan pursued by the National Benevolent Institu- 
 tion will not continue the favourite with the public, secur- 
 ing the power, as it does, of electing the candidates in the 
 hands of the subscribers. The present institution is full of 
 promise as regards the number and quality of its supporters : 
 the list already exhibits a vast array of influential names, 
 and tBere is evidently much energy and perseverance de- 
 voted to its interests on the part of the active secretary, who 
 for many years, we believe, directed the management of the 
 City, of London General Pension Society. The first selection 
 of candidates is advertised to take place next July. Printed 
 forms of applicatioji may be now obtained for this. Candi- 
 dates are eligible at the age of fifty-five, or if wholly inca- 
 pacitated, at tiie -discretion of the directors, under that age. 
 Twenty guineas at one payment constitute a life governor, 
 ten guineas a governor for ten years, and five guineas for five 
 years: £1 annually a subscriber. 
 
243 
 
 AGED POOR, 1699. I^PIISillll I'linttirS. friendly, a.d. 1802 
 
 President, the Earl of Cardigan. — Trustees : the Marquis Clan- 
 ricarde, the Earl of Shrewsbury, Lord Aybner, Lord De Mauley. 
 — Honorary Secretary, Henry Francis Richardson, Esq. — Collec- 
 tor and Visitor, Mr. Henry Perry. — Bankers, Messrs. Sir Charles 
 Price and Co. 
 
 AGED POOR SOCIETY, 30, Leicester-square. Insti- 
 tuted 1699, for affording permanent relief to the aged or 
 infirm poor of both sexes, professing the Roman Catholic faith. 
 Candidates for its aid must be above sixty years of age. The 
 allowance made to males, 4«. per week ; females, 35. ; in the 
 event of a pensioner entering the workhouse, the pension 
 will be reduced to Is. per week. At Christmas there is an 
 annual distribution of meat, bread, coals, and potatoes to pen- 
 sioners. One guinea annually for three years, or j£20 at one 
 time, constitute a governor, with one vote. This society is en- 
 deavouring to raise sufficient funds for the erection of alms- 
 houses, and the amount already in hand is nearly i)3,000. 
 
 President, Right Rev. Dr. Wiseman. — Treasurer, H. Robin.son, 
 Esq. — Honorary Surgeon, Edward White, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. 
 Pagliano.— Collector, Mr. Thomas Bloimt, 2, Leicester-place. 
 
 FRIENDLY FEMALE SOCIETY, 10, George-yard, 
 Lombard-street. Instituted 1802. Poor women of good 
 character, who have seen better days, not under the age of 
 sixty years, and living within five miles of St. Paul's, are 
 considered proper objects of this charity. The relief granted 
 is in money, fuel, clothing, or otherwise, as the case may 
 require. The annuitants at the present time number one 
 hundred and thirty- nine, and are of three classes; fifty above 
 eighty years of age, who have six guineas per annum ; forty 
 above seventy years of age, who have four guineas per annum ; 
 and forty in the asylum, who have eight guineas per annum. 
 The election of the annuitants is decided by the votes of 
 the subscribers. Candidates for annuities must have been 
 twelve months on the books of the society for relief. The 
 number of the annuitants is increased as the funds of the 
 society may permit. Ten guineas donation, or one guinea 
 annually, constitutes a member entitled to recommend an 
 object for relief for six months. Half-a-guinea entitles only 
 to recommend one for three months. 
 
 President, the Marchioness of Cholmondeley. — ^Treasurer, Mrs. 
 John Courthope, Rotherhithe. — Hon. Secretary, Mrs. Richard- 
 son, 3, Gordon-street, Gordon-square. — Secretary and Collector, 
 Misa Stennett, 14, Brixton-rise. 
 
244 
 
 AGED pilgrims', 1807. CjlSlitalllB LONDON CHBISTIAN,1826 
 
 AGED PILGRIMS' FRIEND SOCIETY, 60, Pater- 
 noster-row. Instituted 1807. This society is for the purpose 
 of giving life-pensions of ten guineas and five guineas to 
 poor, aged, and infirm Protestant Christians, of both sexes, 
 and of every religious denomination. It is required of can- 
 didates, that they can afford testimony of being real Chris- 
 tians ; above threescore years old ; their income, from every 
 source, under 7s. per week, if a single person ; or 10s. 6d. 
 per week, if married. There are generally between two and 
 three hundred annuitants, receiving five or ten guineas 
 per annum. Last year's amount of pensions was j£l,692; 
 the total amount of income, £1,800; all but ^£150 derived 
 from voluntary contributions ; the funded property is under 
 £6,000 ; the expenses for conducting the Society are very 
 small. 
 
 Every subscriber of one guinea per annum is entitled to 
 recommend one candidate, after having paid two years' sub- 
 scription ; seven shillings per annum, or five guineas dona- 
 tion, entitle to one vote. 
 
 Forms of recommendation may be had of either of the 
 Secretaries. Committee meet on the last Monday in every 
 month, at 60, Paternoster-row, City. 
 
 For account of almshouses to this charity, see the preced- 
 ing chapter. 
 
 Treasurers : Mr. Alderman Kelly, Patemoster-row ; Mr. Wil- 
 liam AUan, 15, Brunswick-crescent, Camberwell. — Hon. Secre- 
 taries : Mr. James Bisset, Stevenage, Herts ; Mr. John Box, 13, 
 Northampton-square. — Bankers, Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smith. 
 — Collector, Mr. Edward Shrewsbury, 16, King's-row, Walworth. 
 
 LONDON AGED CHRISTIAN SOCIET ¥,32, Sack- 
 ville-street, Piccadilly. Instituted 1826. For the perma- 
 nent relief of the decidedly Christian poor, of both sexes, 
 who have attained the age of sixty-five years, and who reside 
 within five miles of St. Paul's cathedral. The sum granted 
 to each never exceeds 10s. per month, and is so regulated 
 that the certain income of the pensioner from the society, 
 and other sources, does not exceed 7s. per week. 
 
 One pound annually, or £10 at one time, or £10 or up- 
 wards from a minister on behalf of his congregation, consti- 
 tute members entitled to have pensioners on the books, subject 
 to the rules. The present number of pensioners is 120; the 
 annual income is under £1,200, of which £1,145 is derived 
 
245 
 
 CU5IBERLAND,1749. ^SpIISillll |»Drittit5. ROYAL MASONIC,1842 
 
 from voluntary contributions, and the remainder from divi- 
 dends. The amount expended in pensions is ,£630 annually. 
 President, the Marquis of Chohnondeley. — Bankers, Messrs. 
 Drummond and Co., Charing-cross. — Treasurer, Mr. W. Adeney, 
 16, Sackville-street. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev. Edward Auriol ; 
 P. S. W. Sheppard, Esq. — Assistant Secretary and Collector, Mr. 
 A. W. Stone. — Honorary Secretaries to the Ladies' Committee : 
 Miss Lemon, 8, Upper Brook-street ; Mrs. Maberly, 28, Grove 
 End-road ; Mre. Tarn, 20, Brunswick-square. 
 
 CUMBERLAND BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION, 
 London Tavern. Instituted 1749. For the relief of indi- 
 gent natives, and their widows, residing in the metropolis, 
 by permanent pensions of 20s. per month. The present 
 number of annuitants is forty-seven, and the amount distri- 
 buted annually, ^£479. The receipts, however, are insuffi- 
 cient for this, being last year only £431, depending almost 
 wholly on voluntary contributions. Applications must be 
 signed by the petitioner and two governors, accompanied by 
 a certificate of baptism, before the first Tuesday in January. 
 No person is eligible who has not resided within the bills of 
 mortality three years, or receives parochial relief, or not at- 
 tained the age of sixty-five years, except in cases satisfactory 
 to the committee. 
 
 One guinea annually, or 10 guineas at one time, constitutes 
 a governor, entitled to one vote. The committee meet 
 monthly at the London Tavern, 
 
 President, Earl of Lonsdale, Lord Lieutenant of the County. — 
 Treasurer, John Reay, jun., Esq. — Hon. Secretary, F. B. Birkett, 
 Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. Jonathan Cape. — Surgeon, Thomas Porter, 
 Esq. — Collector and Assistant Secretary, Mr. John Smith, 3, 
 Crosby-square. 
 
 THE ROYAL MASONIC BENEVOLENT ANNU- 
 ITY FUND, Freemasons' Hall, Great Queen-street. Insti- 
 tuted 1842. For the benefit of Masons, who must have been 
 registered for fifteen years, and subscribers to a lodge for ten 
 of that period ; unless in instances of signal affliction, none 
 are eligible to receive pensions under sixty years of age. 
 The pension varies, according to age, from £20 to £30 per 
 annum. The present number of pensioners is forty-three, 
 receiving £861 annually. 
 
 Five shillings annual, or £5 at one payment, constitutes 
 a subscriber, with one vote in the first case, and two in the 
 second, for every such amount. 
 
246 
 
 President, Earl of Zetland. — Treasurer, Richard Percival, Esq. 
 Secretary, Mr. William Famfield, Freemasons' Hall. — Collector, 
 Mr. John NichoUs, 46, Chiswell-street. 
 
 THE MASONIC PROVIDENT SOCIETY. Insti- 
 tuted 1843. Lately held at the " Prince's Head," Prince's- 
 street, Westminster, somewiat similar in design to the above; 
 is now extinct. 
 
247 
 
 Clmritalilf Inirfit Inrirtirs 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 CHARITABLE AND PROVIDENT BENEFIT 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Their general Character, Objects, and Operation, and relative Extent, 
 considered. — The three classes of Charitable, Provident, and Benevo- 
 lent. — Queen Anne's Bounty, and other Funds, for Clergymen and 
 Ministers. — The Literary Fund, and Societies lor Artists. — School- 
 masters and Governesses. — Naval and Military. — Choral. — Law. — 
 Medical. — Booksellers' and other Prol'es'Sion and Trade Funds. — 
 Funds for the Distressed amongst old Etonians and Blues; also, Found- 
 lings in old age. 
 
 Veky difficult is it to draw a line between a charity, pro- 
 perly so called, and a fund conducted for the benefit only 
 of its own members and contributors ; and many of those in 
 this chapter partake more of the characteristics of mutual 
 insurance, than warrants their recognition in our present 
 volume, were it not for the close connexion between such, and 
 some of our noblest charities ; and also that their support 
 may, to a considerable extent, be traced to much of the 
 same spirit of love and desire to benefit their class as per- 
 vade the founders and promoters of those of more general 
 application. 
 
 In considering the institutions of the following pages, we 
 have endeavoured to limit the details as much as possible to 
 such features as may be peculiar to each, noticing such as may 
 be desirable for consideration, and perchance imitation, by 
 others, taking the opportunity of calling special attention to 
 the claims of charity to non-members, as recognized by a few 
 honorable exceptions to what appears the more general plan. 
 Such exceptions clearly evince the facility with which a cha- 
 ritable distribution may accompany the most provident and 
 scrupulous regard to the interests of their members ; whilst 
 
248 
 
 Cjiaritabig anit l^rncikirt 
 
 the present satisfactory state of their finances affords testimony 
 to the truth, that "there is that scattereth and yetincreaseth." 
 The following affords a clear summary of the institutions 
 thus considered. They may be designated and classed as — 
 Charitable, Provident and Benevolent, and Provident. 
 
 7 Charitable Corporations and other societies, 
 for the benefit of the clergy and Protestant 
 dissenting ministers. 
 
 With an aggregate amount of annual in- 
 come of . . . . , £23,350 
 
 Of which amount, present voluntary contri- 
 butions comprise .... 8,600 
 
 Besides these, are 4 funds, not strictly chari- 
 ties, such as Queen Anne's, Ashton's, and 
 two insurance funds, of irregular and un- 
 certain benefit. 
 
 8 for literary persons, artists, schoolmasters, and 
 governesses. 
 
 6 for general assistance. 
 2 restricted to members. 
 
 Entire income (i only now forming) . 16,053 
 
 Including voluntary contributions . . 11,305 
 
 6 for naval and military persons and merchant 
 service (exclusive of Greenwich and Chelsea 
 Hospitals, before considered), for the most 
 part restricted to assisting members: their 
 annual income, arising from members' pay- 
 ments and dividends, amounts, as near as can 
 be reckoned, to . . . . 30,000 
 
 49 for lawyers, medical men, musicians, booksel- 
 lers, and other professions and trades. 
 
 7 for the general benefit of their respec- 
 tive trades, with an annual income of 5,076 
 
 17 partially relieving non-members, with 
 
 an annual income of . . . 8,781 
 
 25 restricted in affording relief to their 
 own members, with an annual income, 
 as near as can be ascertained, of . 18,467 
 
 The 3 last are funds for the relief of the dis- 
 tressed amongst old Etonians, Blues, and 
 Foundlings, income of the former not being 
 ascertained, the amount, to a certain extent, 
 must be doubtful, but may be stated at nearly 1,500 
 
249 
 
 QUEEN ANNE'S ^flltfit |>nrirtip5. BOUNTY, A.D.I 704 
 
 Ten of the Funds have asylums or almshouses either 
 erected or in course of being so, as referred to in a previous 
 chapter : these, it will be seen, are supported in one or two 
 instances by distinct funds. 
 
 QUEEN ANNE'S BOUNTY OFFICE, and FIRST 
 FRUITS and TENTHS OFFICES, 3, Dean's Yard, West- 
 minster. This office belongs to a corporation, estalDlished 
 by Act of Parliament of the 3rd of Queen Anne,^ February, 
 1704, for the better maintenance of the poor clergy, by the 
 augmentation of small livings. The consolidation of the 
 offices of First Fruits and Tenths with the Bounty waa 
 effected by Act of Parliament, 1 Victoria, 1838. 
 
 The first fruits are payable by every new incumbent, at 
 the Bounty office, within three months after his admission. 
 The yearly tenths become due on the 25th December, and 
 must be paid early in each year. Hours of attendance, from 
 10 till four o'clock, Secretary's and First Fruits and Tenths 
 department; and from 10 till 2, Treasurer's department. 
 The annual account of the fund shows that during the year 
 ending the 31st December, 1848, the total receipts amounted 
 to £183,934. 4s. Id., and the total disbursements to 
 £178,707. 14s. 6d. The amount of first fruits in arrear, 
 £100. 4s. lOd., and the amount of yearly tenths, £138. 7s. 6d. 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer, C. Hodgson, Esq. — Clerks : Mr. J. 
 Holford, and Mr. A. Sharpe. — Treasurer's Department : Clerks : 
 Mr. G. Aston ; Mr. B. R. Aston ; Mr. I. K. Aston ; Mr. C. La- 
 vender ; Mr. W. H. Wliite. — Counsel, Samuel P. Cockerell, Esq. 
 — Solicitor, John Burder, Esq., 27, Pailiament- street. — Auditor, 
 Charles Ansell, Esq. — First Fruits' Department : Clerk, Mr. John 
 R. Geesin. — Tenths' Department : Clerk, Mr. Wm. Bridges. 
 
 THE CLERGY ORPHAN AND WIDOW CORPO- 
 RATION, 2, Bloomsbury-place. Incorporated 1678. Con- 
 sists of three distinct and entirely independent charities, 
 for the benefit of the indigent clergy, their widows, and 
 their children. The benefits to be derived from these chari- 
 ties are in no respect confined to the inhabitants of London, 
 or its neighbourhood, but are equally extended to all parts 
 of the kingdom, and may justly be characterized as National 
 Charities. 
 
 ^ There were 6,597 clerical livings under ^50 per annum, reported 
 by the Commissioners under the act of Anne, capable of augmentation. — 
 Chalmers. 
 
250 
 
 SONS OP THE CLERGY. CdflritfllllB CORPORATION, A.D. 1678 
 
 Of these we must consider first, 
 
 THE ANNIVERSARY FESTIVAL of the SONS of 
 the CLERGY, because, although now termed a branch of 
 the operations of the said Corporation, it was virtually the 
 foundation source of the whole. It was originally instituted 
 about 1655; and now consists in an annual assemblage of 
 the clergy and laity, in the month of May, under the auspices 
 of the highest authorities in Church and State, when Divine 
 service is held, and a sermon preached in the cathedral 
 church of St. Paul's. With a view to facilitate their distri- 
 bution amongst the most deserving objects of the charity, 
 the contributions at this festival arc placed at the disposal 
 of the Corporation of the Sons of the Clergy ; and are accord- 
 ingly devoted to the apprenticing of the sons and daughters 
 of necessitous clergymen in situations of credit and respect- 
 ability, and to such other analogous purposes as the com- 
 mittee may from time to time approve. Such stewards of 
 the festival as contribute a sum of not less than 30 guineas 
 towards the expenses of the festival, are subsequently elected 
 governors of the corporation. 
 
 Patron, the Queen. — President, the Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 — Treasurer of the Festival of the Sons of the Clergy, Charles J. 
 Baker, Esq., 2, Bloomsbury-place. — Bankers, Messrs. Goslings 
 and Sharpe, Fleet-street. — Collector, Mr. E. R. Fayerman, 7, 
 Shaftesbury-crescent, Pimlico. 
 
 The second charity is that for the relief of clergymen, 
 their widows, and children ; commonly called the 
 
 CORPORA TION OF THE SONS OF THE CLERGY. 
 Established by charter of King Charles II, 1678. It emanated 
 from the " Festival of the Sons of the Clergy," as, when that 
 had lasted some years, cases of distress were continually pre- 
 sented to the notice of the public, which it was not within 
 the scope and means of this festival to relieve. Its revenues 
 are distributed by a court of assistants, elected out of the 
 body of governors: 1st. In pensions and benefactions to the 
 widows of necessitous clergymen, and to such maiden daugh- 
 ters of deceased clergymen whose age exceeds forty-five 
 years. Those who participate in these benefactions are so 
 numerous, that the sum given to each individual does not 
 exceed £10. 2nd. In benefactions of j£10 to £"20, given 
 annually to curates with small incomes, and poor clergymen 
 with large families. 3rd. Granting exhibitions to the uni- . 
 
251 
 
 BELIEF OF POOR ^JjIICfit -f^IinPtiCS. CLERGYMEN, A.D.I 778 
 
 versities, to sons of poor clergymen, varying in amount 
 according to circumstances, and apprenticing others, and 
 assisting them subsequently to settle in business. 4th. In 
 extending relief to cases of distress amongst the clergy and 
 their families, not coming -ndthin any of the foregoing pro- 
 visions, from a special fund, which has, within the last few 
 years, been vested in the corporation. This fund includes 
 the extensive benefactions of Dr. Taylour, Mr. Myddelton, 
 and Mrs. Ann Cam,^ " for poor clergymen with good charac- 
 ters and large families." The election of recipients of the 
 benefits of this fund takes place annually, soon after Easter. 
 Blank petitions are issued at the Corporation House, 2, 
 Bloomsbury-place, between the hours of 10 and 4. Donors 
 of thirty guineas at one time to the Anniversary are consti- 
 tuted governors of this Corporation. 
 
 President, the Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurers : Sir 
 Robert H. Inghs, Bart., M.P., W.T. Copeland, E&q., M.P., Alder- 
 man, and J. W. Freshfield, Esq. — Registrar, C. J. Baker, Esq. 
 
 The third charity is for the maintenance and instruction 
 of the orphan children of clergymen, and will be found 
 under Educational Charities, chapter xiv. It is termed the 
 Incorporated Clergy Orphan Society. 
 
 SOCIETY for the RELIEF of POOR PIOUS CLER- 
 G YMEN of the Established Church, residing in the Country. 
 77, Cannon-street, City. Instituted 1778. The persons to be 
 relieved by this society, are poor, pious, active clergymen in 
 the establishment ; of unexceptionable character, residing 
 in the country ; the tenor of whose preaching is, literally and 
 faithfully, according to the Articles of the Church of England. 
 
 Clergymen eligible to receive relief, if single, their income 
 must not exceed, from every source, £80 per annum in 
 England, or £50 in "Wales ; if married, J 100 in England, or 
 £70 in Wales, and not more than £7. 10s. for each child. 
 The assistance afforded depends on the committee. During 
 the sixty-one years the society has existed, it has distributed 
 
 ^ Mrs. Ana Cam's bequest alone amounted to nearly ^30,000, the 
 interest of which is devoted mainly to poor clergymen : and Dr. Taylour's 
 and Mr. Middleton's amounted to as much more. Some portion of these 
 valuable benefactions, and others, of Lady Grant's, Mrs. Sutton's, and 
 Mr. Farmer's, have been granted by the Corporation to the assistance of 
 the Clergy Orphan Charity. 
 
252 
 
 liONDON CLEEGY WIDOW Cjfaritillllj FUND, A.D. 1791 
 
 3,016 grants, amounting in the whole to £92,431 : the pre- 
 sent amount distributed averages from £1,200 to £1,400 
 annually ; and the income, about £1,600, of which £600 is 
 derived from dividends, and the remainder from voluntary 
 contributions. 
 
 One guinea annually, or ten guineas at one payment, 
 constitutes a member ; two guineas annually, or twenty 
 guineas at one payment, a governor for life. 
 
 Treasurer, Sam^uel Tomkins, Esq., 76, Lombard-street. — Secre- 
 tary, Rev. William Goode, 31, Charterhouse-square. ^Assistant 
 Secretary and Collector, Mr. J. C. Bowles, 77, Cannon-st. City. 
 
 Soon after the establishment of the last mentioned, the fol- 
 lovdng was commenced, for the relief, more especially, of 
 widows and children of clergymen within the Archdeaconries 
 of London and Middlesex ;'' commonly known as 
 
 THE LONDON CLERGY WIDOW FUND. Founded 
 1791. Amongst the first donations appears one of £52. 10s. 
 from Thomas Bonar, Esq. ; and in 1810, a more substantial 
 benefaction confirmed its establishment, consisting of £200 
 a-year, by will of A. M. Stafibrd. By its constitution, the 
 Bishop of London is the president, and the officers and other 
 members of Sion College its vice-presidents and directors. 
 
 The committee meet at Sion College, on the third Thurs- 
 day in March, at 12 o'clock, to deliver in an account of sub- 
 scriptions, and to receive petitions ; and on the third Thurs- 
 day in April, to distribute the collections. The objects of 
 the charity are declared to be " the widows and children of 
 incumbents, curates, lecturers, and licensed preachers." In 
 cases of extreme necessity, relief is extended to the clergy 
 themselves, at the discretion of the committee. No widow 
 or child is considered eligible for relief if possessing a cer- 
 tain income of £50 per annum, and no child between the 
 ages of fourteen and forty-five, unless incapable of obtain- 
 ing a livelihood, from mental or bodily infirmity. The 
 amount of relief afforded appears to vary from £10 to £40 
 each case, and the annual aggregate amount distributed, 
 about £800. The income averages £1,000, of which one 
 half is derived from dividends, and the other from voluntary 
 contributions. 
 
 ^ Similar institutions were contemporary in their foundation with this, 
 or immediately preceded it, in the counties of Essex and Herts, for the 
 benefit of such portions of those counties as are in the diocese of London. 
 
253 
 
 BISHOP PORTEUS' ^JpIICfit ^UrirtiPH. FUND, A.D. 1805 
 
 Treasurer, the Rev. John Abbiss, M. A., 5, Northampton-square. 
 — Secretary, the Rev. Henry Christmas, M.A., Sion College. 
 
 An appeal has lately been made upon behalf of this cha- 
 rity2 by a " lay committee," of which Lord Robert Grosvenor 
 became chairman ; but it was not responded to sufficiently 
 to enable them to increase the operations, and, consequently, 
 the plans they had formed have been relinquished. The 
 Honorary Secretary to this committee was S. G. Grady, Esq. 
 
 BISHOP PORTEUS" ANNUAL DONATIONS TO 
 POOR CLERGYMEN. Established 1805. BeUby Porteus, 
 Lord Bishop of London in the year 1805, executed a deed, 
 giving to the Archdeacons of the Diocese of London for the 
 time being ^6,700, three per cent, consols, the interest of 
 which is to be distributed by them in the month of February 
 in each year, amongst such of the clergy then resident in 
 the Diocese of London, as they shall deem poor and of good 
 character. The ordinary payment is limited to ^10. The 
 fund now consists of £7,000 consols. The Lord Bishop of 
 London is constituted the Visitor of the charity by the trust 
 deed, which directs that an annual account of the distribu- 
 tion shall be rendered by the Archdeacons to the Bishop of 
 London. 
 
 ASHTONS CHARITY, for the Relief of Poor Clergy- 
 men and Poor Clergyme'fC s Widows. This trust consists of 
 funds in Chancery, the bequeathed property of a lady named 
 Ashton, and is for the benefit of thirty poor clergymen, and 
 thirty poor clergymen's widows. A distribution is shortly 
 expected, of about .£10 to each successful applicant. As 
 such are contemplated from time to time, they will be adver- 
 tised in the Times newspaper, when all parties seeking relief 
 must apply by petition, a form of which will be furnished on 
 application, personally or by letter, to the Receiver. The 
 Receiver and Clerk to the Trustees is J. Sewell, Esq., 51, Old 
 Broad-street. 
 
 *.j^'* Bromley College, for widows and daughters of clergy- 
 men, see page 214. 
 
 ^ " There are tipwards of 500 clergymen in the diocese cf London, 
 whose average incomes do not exceed iClOO a year. Any provision tor 
 their families, in case of their removal by death, is utterly impossible ; 
 and the most distressing cases of widows and orphans of clergymen are 
 annually brought before this society, to be but inadequately relieved, if 
 at all, from lack of funds." — Extract from Appeal. 
 
254 
 
 DISSENTING ministers' ClinritHlllB WIDOWS* FUND, A.D.I 733 
 
 For Camels Charity, for widows of clergymen, see Cord- 
 wainers' Company, page 194. 
 
 CLERGY FUND of the Church of England Life and 
 Fire Assurance Institution, Lothhury. Office established 1840. 
 The fund is formed by the setting apart of one clear tenth 
 of the profits of the office, and is applied to the relief of dis- 
 tressed clergymen and the widows and orphans of clergymen ; 
 also for granting aid to enable clergymen with limited in- 
 comes to provide for their families by assuring their lives at 
 reduced premiums. The directors determine once annually 
 upon the amount, and proceed to the selection of as many 
 applications for assistance from the fund, as the amount at 
 their disposal for the year admits. The necessary forms for 
 applicants may be obtained at the office, generally in the 
 month of July, when information will be afforded of the time 
 by which they must be sent in. 
 
 Chairman, Major J. Oliphant. — Secretary, W. Emmens, Esq. 
 
 SOCIETY for the RELIEF to the NECESSITOUS 
 WIDOWS and CHILDREN of PROTESTANT DIS- 
 SENTING MINISTERS, generally denominated the 
 Widows' Fund, King's Head, Poultry ; instituted 1733 ; for 
 the relief of the necessitous widows and children of Protes- 
 tant Dissenting ministers, who, at their death, stood accepted 
 and approved as such by the body of ministers of the deno- 
 mination to which they respectively belonged, and died so 
 poor as not to leave their widows and children a sufficient 
 subsistence. Previous to their being relieved, the above 
 must be attested to by one or more ministers, and the petition 
 signed by a member of the institution. The present number 
 of pensioners is two hundred and forty-six, receiving amounts 
 varying from £9 to £12 per annum, amounting in the aggre- 
 gate to J2,500 annually distributed in relief. The expenses 
 are very small, nearly the full amount of income being thus 
 disbursed ; it is derived chiefly from dividends, and between 
 £300 and £400 from voluntary contributions. The com- 
 mittee meet for considering petitions, etc., at the King's 
 Head, Poultry, on the first Tuesday in every mouth, from 
 October to May inclusive. Forms of petition may be had 
 upon application to the Secretary. One guinea annually 
 for two years, or ten guineas at one time, and from a minis- 
 ter five guineas, constitutes a member, entitled to recom- 
 mend objects deserving of assistance. 
 
255 
 
 EVANG. FUND, 1793 ^Jfllffit |nnPtitS. PROTESTANT, 1798 
 
 Treasurer, Stephen Olding, Esq., Clement's-lane, Lombard-st. 
 — Secretary, Mr. H. K. Smithers, 3, Brabant-court, Philpot-lane. 
 
 EVANGELICAL MAGAZINE FUND, for the widows 
 of ministers, 27, Patemoster-row. Established 1793. The 
 Evangelical Magazine was first established by a body of dis- 
 senting ministers, and a few episcopal clergymen. From the 
 first, its sale was large, so that the projectors of the work had 
 considerable funds at their disposal. They resolved on de- 
 voting the profits of the work to the relief of the widows of 
 evangelical ministers, whether churchmen or dissenters. In 
 this way, the trustees of the work have distributed upwards 
 of X30,000. The number of widows now receiving annual 
 gratuities from its profits, is one hundred and fifty. The 
 sum distributed amongst them about ,£1,250. 
 
 Treasurer, H. F. Burder, D.D., Hackney. — Editor, John Mor- 
 rison, D.D., Brompton. 
 
 PROTESTANT UNION, for the benefit of the widows 
 and children of Protestant ministers of all denominations, 7, 
 Bloomfield-street. Instituted 1798. Originally combined 
 a benevolent fund, with a legal provision for its members ; 
 now, exclusively a benefit society, conducted on the prin- 
 ciples of assurance.^ The annuities may be secured, from 
 £10 to £50, upon payment of proportionate premiums, ac- 
 cording to age, etc. The board also arrange annuities to 
 ministers, from congregational collections, etc. Attendance 
 at the office every Tuesday morning, from eleven to one. 
 
 Secretary, Rev. John Hunt, 14, Brixton-rise, Surrey. 
 
 MINISTERS' FRIEND OR ASSOCIA TE FUND, 25, 
 
 Manchester-terrace, Islington ; established 1 823 ; for assist- 
 ing evangelical dissenting ministers, whose incomes are 
 inadequate to their support. The ministers of the congre- 
 gations to be assisted, must be of unexceptionable charac- 
 ter, exercising their ministry in England, maintaining the 
 sentiments of the Assembly's Catechism, both as to faith 
 and practice, and whose total income, from every source, 
 
 ^ The above brief notice is inserted in consequence of its character 
 often being mistaken for a charitable fund ; otherwise insurance offices 
 come not within our limits. Of such, there are several formed, adapted 
 to the clerical as well as other professions, as " The Clergy Mutual," " The 
 Clerical," " The Church of England," A:c. 
 
256 
 
 ROYAL LITERARY CjjnritHlllE FUND, A.D. 1790 
 
 does not exceed the following limit : — Unmarried ministers, 
 ^50 per annum ; married ministers, having no children, £70 
 per annnm ; not having less than two children dependent 
 upon them for support, £90 per annum; not having less 
 than four children under similar circumstances, £1,200 per 
 annum. 
 
 The annual income averages about ^1,200, derived from 
 dividends to the extent of £750, and the remainder from 
 voluntary contributions and sacramental collections. With 
 theexception of about £70 expenses, the whole amount is paid 
 in grants for relief, varying from £5 to £25 each case. Sub- 
 scribers of one guinea annually are members, or ten gmneas 
 at one time, life members. 
 
 Treasurer, William Hunter, Esq. — Honbrary Secretaries, Rev. 
 Thomas Lewis ; Rev. John Yockney. — Corresponding Secretary, 
 Rev. Charles Gilbert, 25, Man chaster- terrace, Islington. — Col- 
 lector, Mr. John Bull, 3, Sydney-terrace, Kilbum. 
 
 ROYAL LITERARY FUND, 73, Great Russell-street; 
 instituted 1790;^ incorporated 1818 ; for affording assist- 
 ance to authofs, of genius and learning, who may be reduced 
 to distress by unavoidable calamities, or deprived by en- 
 feebled faculties, or declining life, of the power of literary 
 exertion. This assistance is renewed as often as the com- 
 mittee consider necessary, and is extended at the death of 
 an author to his widow and children. 
 
 To entitle persons to come under the consideration of the 
 general committee for relief, sufficient proof of their having 
 written and published books, of a respectable character, must 
 be produced, to the exclusion of those whose writings are con- 
 trary to morals or religion, and whose personal character is 
 not proved by satisfactory testimony to be beyond suspi- 
 cion. The grants vary in amount, from £10 to .£100, in 
 proportion to the literary claim. The total number of grants 
 to the end of 1848 was 2,279 ; the amount thereof, .£36,540. 
 A donation of ten guineas and upwards, or subscription 
 of one guinea annually, constitute a member of the corpo- 
 ration. 
 
 ^ Particular details of the receipts and disbursements cannot be fur- 
 nished, such matters being considered of a private nature ; and a pecu- 
 liar sensitiveness is invariably observed in preserving secresy in every 
 thing connected with the recipients of its bounty, and the amounts 
 awarded in each case, &c. 
 
257 
 
 ARTISTS'bEXEVOLENT ^BUffit ^nriBtipS. FUND, A.D. 1827 
 
 — President, Marquis of Lansdowne. — Treasurers : John Griffin, 
 Esq., 21, Bedford-place ; Sir Henry Ellis, British Museum ; 
 William Tooke, Esq., 12, Russell-square. — Secretary, Octavian 
 Blewitt, Esq. 
 
 THE ARTISTS' BENEVOLENT FUND, 7, Blooms- 
 bury-place. Instituted 1810. Incorporated 1827. Consists 
 of two separate and distinct branches : the Artists' Annuity 
 Fund, and the Artists' Benevolent Fund. The first is sup- 
 ported by the contributions of its members, for their own re- 
 lief in sickness orsuperannuation. All artists of merit in paint- 
 ing, sculpture, architecture, and engraving, are eligible to 
 become members, the annual payments to which are regulated 
 by the age of the member, increasing a small sum every year. 
 The present amount of funded property is £14,900, exclu- 
 sively the property of the members themselves. The second 
 is supported by the patrons of the Fine Arts, for the relief 
 of the widows and orphans of the members of the Annuity 
 Fund. And the whole is under the direction of the presi- 
 dent, and ten subscribers to the Benevolent Fund, annually 
 elected by the subscribers, and five members of the Annuity 
 Fund, annually elected by its members. Every artist pro- 
 posed as a member of the Annuity Fund, must be balloted 
 for, and approved by the committee of the Benevolent 
 Fund, in order to entitle his widow and children to its 
 benefits. The benefits of this fund are extended to about 
 40 widows and 22 orphans, the former receiving £18, and 
 the latter £5 annually. The income for this purpose is 
 about £1,200 per annum, derived half from dividends, and 
 the other half from present voluntary contributions. One 
 guinea annual and upwards, or 10 guineas donation and up- 
 wards, constitute a governor of the Benevolent Fund, entitled 
 to vote at all elections, and eligible for the committee. 
 
 President, Sir John Edward Swinburne, Bart. — Trustees, Sir 
 Thomas Baring, Bart ; Sir John Edward Swinburne, Bart ; B. B. 
 Cabbell, Esq. ; C. E. Scott, Esq.— Treasurer, Sir C. E. Scott.-^ 
 Secretary, A. A. Thistleton, Esq., 7, Bloomsbury-place. — 
 Bankers, Sir C. Scott, Bart., and Co. — Collector, Mr. Charles 
 Woodfall, 11, Lorimer-road, Walworth. — President of the An- 
 nuity Fund, J. D. Harding, Esq.- — Secretary, B. R. Green, Esq., 
 62, Charlotte-street, Portland-place. — Bankers, Messrs. Coutts and 
 Co. — Honorary Physician, Theophilus Thomson, M.D., Bedford- 
 square. — Surgeons, J. C. Taunton, Esq., Hatft)n-garden ; James 
 Part, Esq. — Sledical Inspector (a recent stipendary office), Mr. 
 G. Cockbum Hyde, 5, Montpelier square, Brompton. 
 
 17 
 
 ■ 
 
258 
 
 artists' general (CjJHritElllB benevolent, a.d. 1814 
 
 ARTISTS' GENERAL BENEVOLENT INSTITU- 
 TION, 45, Great Coram-street. Instituted 1814. Incor- 
 porated 1842. Differs from the last-mentioned excellent 
 institution in the extent and general application of its 
 benevolent benefits, the plan of this being to extend relief 
 to all distressed meritorious artists, whether subscribers to its 
 fund or not, " whose works are known and esteemed by the 
 public"; as well as to their widows and orphans, merit and 
 distress constituting the claims to its benevolence. 
 
 One guinea annual, or 5 guineas donation, constitutes a 
 member, entitled to vote at all general meetings, eligible to 
 be a director, and recommend annually two applicants for 
 relief. Applications for relief must be addressed and trans- 
 mitted to the Secretary, on or before the 1 st of June, or the 
 1st of December, aud must be certified by two subscribers, 
 one of whom shall state his knowledge of the case by letter. 
 
 Upwards of £12,000 has been distributed since the esta- 
 blishment of the institution in annual donations amongst 
 ■300 cases of distress and need, in many instances being 
 continued from year to year. The annual income is derived 
 half from voluntary contributions and half from dividends, 
 amounting together to about £1,000. The annual amount 
 expended in relief is nearly £700 ; funded property at 
 present time under £13,000. 
 
 Bankers, Messrs. Ransom and Co.— Treasiu-er, C. R. Cockerell, 
 Esq., 29, SaviUe-row. — Honorary Secretary, William Nicol, Esq. 
 — Assistant Secretary, Mr. W. J. Roper. — President, Sir Martin 
 Archer Shee, President of the Royal Academy. — Collector, Mr. 
 John Peter Wildsmith, 14, Alfred-street, Bedford-square. 
 
 SOCIETY OF SCHOOLMASTERS, Queen's Arms 
 Tavern, Newgate-street. Instituted 1710. For the purpose 
 of alleviating the distress of its sick members, by an allow- 
 ance of one guinea per week ; or to a member who becomes 
 entirely incapacitated from following his avocation, the 
 sum of half-a-guinea per week permanently ; and at the 
 decease of a member a sum of from .£15 to .£60 to the 
 family, varying according to the time he had been a member. 
 Each member pays a quarterly contribution of half-a-guinea. 
 The qualifications for admission are — that each person pro- 
 posed, be a member of some denomination of Protestant 
 Christians, and the master of a school, or private teacher, 
 having acted on his own account for at least twelve months 
 
259 
 
 schoolmasters' ^flicfit |»nrittirS. PiiNDS,1710&1798 
 
 immediately preceding the time of being proposed, and 
 under the age of forty-five years. The quarterly meetings 
 are held at the Queen's Arms Tavern, Newgate-street, on 
 the second Friday in January, April, July, and October, at 
 7 p.m. There is no published account of this fund, it par- 
 taking more of the character of a private benefit fund. The 
 amount of funded property is about £1,300. 
 
 Stewards for 1850 : T. Collins, Free School, Primrose-street, 
 Bishopsgate; J. A. Dotchen, 13, Crescent-pl. Momington-crescent. 
 
 SOCIETY OF SCHOOLMASTERS, 73, Great Russell- 
 street. Instituted 1798. For the relief of distressed school- 
 masters and ushers, their widows and orphans. Benefactors 
 of 5 guineas at one payment, or one guinea annually, are 
 members ; of 20 guineas in one sum, or 3 guineas annually, 
 are entitled to act as members of the committee. The 
 committee meet, by permission of the committee of the 
 Royal Literary Fund, at 73, Great Russell-street, on the 
 first Saturday of February, April, October, and December, 
 at 2 o'clock. Schoolmasters, who have been subscribers, 
 and their families, are regarded as having the first claim^ to 
 consideration ; and no small portion of the society's income 
 is expended in annual grants to widows, and in either ap- 
 prenticing their orphans, or partially defraying the charges 
 of their education. Forms of petition for relief may be ob- 
 tained from the Secretary. 
 
 ^ The following interesting letter appears on the hooks of this institu- 
 tion. Its tissociations present a remarkable picture of the uncertainty of 
 human greatness, — the lights and shades even more stronglj contrasted 
 by past events : — 
 
 " Twickenham, December 10, 1816. 
 
 " The Duke of Orleans presents his compliments to Dr. Kelly, and is 
 very sorry that his note remained so long unanswered. It was his inten- 
 tion to have expressed sooner how much he was flattered by Dr. K.'s 
 very obliging intimation of the motives for which the Duke of Orleans 
 ought to feel a particular interest for the schoolmasters. The Duke of 
 Orleans has, in fact, more motives for being attached to that useful and 
 respectable class of men than, he believes, Dr. Kelly can be aware of ; 
 since it is not probable that he should know that, among the many vicis- 
 situdes of fortune which fell to the lot of the Duke of Orleans, is to be 
 found that of having been a schoolmaster. It is, however, a matter of 
 fact, that, at a time of severe distress and persecution, the Duke of Orleans 
 had the good luck of being admitted as a teacher in a college, where he 
 gave lessons regularly during the space of eight months. The Duke of 
 Orleans hopes, therefore, that the society for the relief of distressed school- 
 masters will permit him to tender his mite as a fellow schoolmaster." 
 
260 
 
 GOVEBNESSES' ChsritflMf INSTITUTION, A.D. 1843 
 
 President, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurer, Rev. 
 Dr. Russell, Devonshire-square, Bishopsgate. — Secretary, Octa- 
 vian Blewitt, Esq., 73, Great Russell-street. — Bankers, Messrs. 
 Child and Co., Temple-bar. 
 
 GOVERNESSES' BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION, 
 32, Sackville-street. Established 1843. Incorporated 1847. 
 Consists of four distinct establishments, where its objects 
 are carried out much as developed in the following sum- 
 mary of present operations : — 
 
 1. The Oeneral Office, 32, Sackville-street, where every 
 information will be afforded from 12 till 5. This office 
 effects for governesses, free of every expense — 
 
 Provident Annuities upon Government Securities, accord- 
 ing to Act of Parliament, and on a scale of either annual 
 payments, or amounts in one sum to come due at any age. 
 The amounts already invested for ladies reach £50,000. 
 
 Temporary relief is administered privately by a ladies' 
 committee. The amount thus disbursed is from ^700 to 
 i£800 annually. 
 
 The Elective Annuities are secured on a large amount of 
 funded donations, independent of the prosperity of the 
 institution. The elections are held in May and November, 
 the number to be elected depending on the vacancies that 
 occur. Some few are filled up by the nominations of the 
 benevolent founding the annuity .1 One annuity lately 
 formed is supported wholly by collections of one shUling 
 subscriptions. Persons eligible for these annuities axe go- 
 vernesses only (not keepers of schools), above 50 years of 
 age, and single or widows. 10s. 6c?. annually, or 5 guineas 
 donation, entitles to one vote at all elections. 
 
 Savings' Bank Accounts may be effected by governesses 
 through this office, with increased facilities for obtaining 
 the withdrawal of amounts at any time. The institution 
 thus affords the aid of a General Banker, whilst at the same 
 time no deposits are in its own power. 
 
 2. The Home, 66, Harley-street, where a system of regis- 
 tration is effected, free of all expense, and open to every 
 governess, upon her forwarding a written application, ac- 
 
 ■^ The present number of annuities is thirty-two, most of which have 
 been founded by individual benefactions. It is a lamentable fact, that, at 
 a recent election of three annuitants, for £\6 per annum each, there 
 were no less than eighty-four candidates ! 
 
261 
 
 governesses' ^fUffit ^nriftifS, homes, a,d. 1842-3 
 
 companied by two sealed letters of testimonial from respon- 
 sible persons. The necessary particulars to be entered in 
 the register by the lady herself or friend acting for her. 
 Governesses desiring to be inmates must apply in like 
 manner " to the Ladies' Committee," (who meet every Tues- 
 day at half-past two). The charge for board and lodging is 
 15s. a- week, and admission granted for one month, and, if 
 necessary, extended to three months. 
 
 3. The Asylum for Aged Governesses, Prince of Wales'- 
 road, Haverstock Hill. The provision for the inmates in- 
 cludes everything but dress, and persons eligible are such 
 as are so for the "Elective Annuities", and subject to same 
 regulations, but must be above 60 years of age. Any of the 
 present annuitants above that age have the option of resign- 
 ing and entering the Asylum. 
 
 4. The College, termed Queen's College (vide chapter xv). 
 The inmates of the Home have access to the lectures, and 
 other benefits. 
 
 Judging from last year's cash statement, the income of 
 the whole establishment would appear to amount in total 
 to above £10,000 — viz. £8,826 from voluntary contributions, 
 £815 from the Home and other payments, and £426 from 
 dividends ; but this includes many special sums, as likewise 
 in the total amount of £8,123 for disbursements there are 
 several items of more than ordinary expenditure ; upon 
 the whole the institution is well supported, and is in a satis- 
 factory and promising position. One guinea annual, or 10 
 guineas donation, constitutes a member of the institution ; 
 every 10s. Qd. annual, or 5 guineas donation, entitles to one 
 vote at elections for Annuitants, and inmates of Asylum. 
 
 President, Earl of Harrowby. — Treasurer, Benjamin Bond Cab- 
 bell, Esq., M.P. — Honorary Secretary, Rev. David Laing, M.A., 
 62, Mornington-road, Regent's-park.- — Honorary Surgeon, Henry 
 Hewlett, Esq. — Honorary Surgeons for the Aged Asylum, Joseph 
 Baly, Esq. ; George Bermingham, Esq. —Honorary Solicitor, F. 
 Patey Chappell, Esq. — Bankers, Sir C. Scott and Co.; Messrs. 
 Strahan and Co. — Secretary, Mr. Charles William Klugh, 32, 
 SackviUe-street. — Secretary to the Provident Fund, Mr. Parker. 
 — Collector, Mr. Peter Mattam, 67, Harley- street. 
 
 THE TEMPORARY RESIDENCE for GOVER- 
 NESSES, 19a, Osnaburgh- street,^ Regent s-park, insti- 
 
 ^ For some years in Swinton-street, Gray's Inn-road. 
 
262 
 
 INDUSTRIAL HOME FOR Cjfflritilllk 6ENTLE\VOMEN,A.D.1849 
 
 tuted 1842, offers, upon moderate terms, a comfortable 
 Christian home. It is a similar institution to the Gover- 
 nesses' Home, in Harley-street, but upon a smaller scale ; 
 every facility is afforded for obtaining situations, and the 
 inmates receive the same treatment as if in a private 
 family. The terms for residence and board, are 8s. 6c?., or 
 10s. 6d. per week, or with a separate bedroom 12s. 6d. These 
 charges are insufficient to render the institution a self- 
 supporting one ; therefore each boarder, on such terms, must 
 be recommended by a new subscriber of £1 Is. Testimonials 
 of respectability are also required on entering, one of which 
 must be from the last family in which the governess re- 
 sided. Annual income about £350, more than half depend- 
 ing upon voluntary contributions, which at present are 
 insufficient to cover the necessary expenditure. 
 
 Honorary Secretary, Mrs. H. Bull. — Treasurer and Honorary 
 Superintendent, Miss Welch. — Honorary Physician, Dr. Pidduck. 
 — Surgeons, Messrs. Eyre and "Weston. — Bankers, Messrs. Ran- 
 som and Co. 
 
 INDUSTRIAL HOME for INDIGENT GENTLE- 
 WOMEN, 5, Harper-street, Queen-square, Bloomsbury ; 
 established 1849 ; for providing a home, employment, and 
 support for widows and daughters of gentlemen, professional 
 men, and merchants, suffering under the reverses of fortune, 
 and either incapable of tuition or unable to procure engage- 
 ments. The financial management of the institution is 
 vested in a gentlemen's committee, and the management of 
 the home devolves upon a ladies' committee. The home, 
 furnished from the funds of the society, is a spacious and 
 commodious house, capable of accommodating thirty-six 
 ladies ; this, it is contemplated, will ultimately be, as 
 nearly as possible, self-supporting, by means of employment 
 given to the inmates, for which payment must be made to 
 the lady superintendent of the institution upon delivery, 
 and by her to the ladies employed, deducting the average 
 weekly expense of each individual. Candidates for admis- 
 sion must be either widows or single, and have two respon- 
 sible referees, who will certify her recent position in society 
 — her moral character, and necessitous circumstances, (fee. 
 Donors and subscribers have the privilege of recommending 
 candidates. The power of selection will be vested in the 
 ladies' committee, who will meet weekly to supervise the 
 arrangements of the Home, and examine the applications of 
 
263 
 
 CHORAL, A.D. 1791 BpIItfit linrirflPS. MUSICIANS, A.D. 1738 
 
 fresh candidates. The charge for each lady's board and 
 lodging is 7s. 6d. per week ; in special instances relief of 
 cases of extreme distress is dispensed by the ladies' com- 
 mittee. Forms of application, terms, and all particulars 
 supplied by the Secretary, Miss Smith, at the Home. 
 
 Treasurer, Hon. Arthur Kinnaird. — Sub-Treasurer, the Rev. 
 Michael W. Lusignan, M.A., AUhaUows, City. — Honorary Phy- 
 sicians, Dr. Aldis : Dr. Joseph WilHams. — Honorary Secretary, 
 Jonathan Jones, Esq., 35, Great Coram-street. — Bankers, Messrs. 
 Ransom and Co. 
 
 CHORAL FUND, 38, Dean-street, Soho ; established 
 1791 ; for two essential purposes : first, to unite the choral 
 performers in and near London as one society, for profes- 
 sional purposes ; and secondly, that by contributing to a 
 common fund, aided by the proceeds of an annual concert, 
 and the subscriptions and donations of the lovers of the 
 sublime works of Handel, Mozart, etc., some provision might 
 be made against the sickness and decay of its members, as 
 well as insure to their widows and orphans assistance in 
 distress. Any musician, instrumental or vocal, who is pro- 
 perly qualified, may become a member, upon being proposed 
 at one of the monthly meetings. An account of payments 
 to widows, orphans, and pensioners, may be seen upon ap- 
 plication to the secretary. One guinea annually, or a dona- 
 tion of ten guineas at one time, entitles the subscriber to 
 tickets for the annual concert, to the full amount of sub- 
 scription. The finances are represented as in a satisfactory 
 condition, and the funded property as increasing. 
 
 President, Duke of Manchester. — Treasurer, Mr. Southgate. 
 — Physicians, Drs. Golding and Roberts. — Surgeon, James 
 Yearsley, Esq. — Secretary and Collector, Mr. Charles Tett, 38, 
 Dean-street, Soho. 
 
 RO YAL SOCIETY of MUSICIANS of^ ORE A T BRI- 
 TAIN, 12, Lisle-street, Leicester-square : instituted 1738, 
 incorporated 1790 ; for the support of decayed musicians 
 and their families. Ten guineas donation, or one guinea 
 annual, constitutes a subscriber entitled to two tickets ; one 
 for the rehearsal, and one for the concert, given for the 
 benefit of the charity, at the Hanover-square Rooms. 
 
 Bankers, Messrs. Drummond. — Honorary Solicitors, Messrs. 
 Burgoyne and Thrupp, 160, Oxford-street. — Secretary, Mr. Wood, 
 12, Lisle-street. — Collector, Mr. J. Watts, 24, London-street, 
 Fitzroy-square. 
 
264 
 
 FEMALE MUSICIANS, 1839, CjlSritElllB ARMY MEDICAL, 1820 
 
 The ROYAL SOCIETY of FEMALE MUSICIANS, 
 Hanover-square Rooms ; established 1839 ; for affording, 
 by means of contributions from members, as well as honorary 
 subscribers, such occasional or annual relief as shall be 
 found compatible with the means in its power, to those 
 female musicians, being members, whom misfortune or iU 
 health may have reduced to a state of indigence. An hono- 
 rary subscriber of one guinea annually, or ten guineas at 
 one payment, is entitled to two tickets of admission, or one 
 for a reserved seat, for every benefit concert given by the 
 society. 
 
 Patron, the Queen. — Honorary Treasurer, Miss Masson. — 
 Bankers, Sir Claude Scott, Bart., and Co. — Secretary, Mr. J. W. 
 Holland, 13, Macclesfield-street, Soho. 
 
 ARMY MEDICAL OFFICERS' BENEVOLENT SO- 
 CIETY,^ 13, St. James's-place. Instituted 1820. Associated 
 with a view of affording relief to those orphans of commis- 
 sioned officers of the medical department of the army, who 
 may be left under circumstances of peculiar distress ; or, 
 who may be enabled, by a small addition of income, at a 
 certain period of their lives, to procure a better education 
 than their limited means would otherwise admit ; or who 
 may require some assistance on their first establishment in 
 life. Orphan children of officers whose mothers are still 
 living, will be admitted to participate in the benefits of the 
 fund, provided the mother's income be inadequate to their 
 education ; but orphans who have lost both parents, will, if 
 otherwise destitute, be considered to have a claim superior 
 to those whose mothers are still living. Where there is an 
 equality of claim, the preference is shown to those orphans 
 whose fathers contributed to the fund. The nature of the 
 claims w hich may be made being very indefinite, the relief 
 afforded by the fimd is not limited by any specification of 
 age, or otherwise ; but the objects of its bounty are selected 
 from among those whose claims are the strongest. 
 
 President, Sir Charles Mansfield Clarke, Bart. — Vice-President, 
 Sir James M'Gregor, Bart., Director-General. — Inspectors- 
 General, John Warren, Esq.; Sir James Fellowes. — Trustees, 
 George James Guthrie, Esq., F.R.S., Deputy Inspector-General; 
 
 1 The Army Medical Friendly Society, instituted 1816, conducted at 
 this same ofl5ce, is merely an insurance department, conducted on the 
 usual mutual benefit system. 
 
265 
 
 NAVAL FUNDS, %mM ^Iimfe. A.D. 1823 & 38 
 
 Dr. George Gregory ; Dr. A. Stewart, Deputy Inspector-General. 
 — Treasurer, C. R. M'Grigor, Esq., 17, Charles-street, St. 
 James's. — Secretary, G. S. Clarke. Esq., 13, St. James's-place. 
 
 ROYAL NA VT ANNUITANT SOCIETY, Devonport. 
 London Branch Office, 3, Clifford's Inn. Established 1823, 
 For the benefit of members, consisting of flag-officers, cap- 
 tains, commanders, lieutenants, masters, secretaries to the 
 same, inspectors of fleets and hospitals, chaplains, surgeons, 
 pursers, naval instructors, mates, second masters, clerks who 
 have passed, etc., and marine officers ; also the wives of any 
 such, whose husbands, from age or infirmity, cannot be ad- 
 mitted. 
 
 Tables of subscription, rules, etc., may be obtained at the 
 Office, as above. Secretary, Purser Francis Lean. 
 
 THE ROYAL NAVY BENEVOLENT SOCIETY,^ 
 
 18, Adam-street, Adel phi. Incorporated 1838. For affording 
 relief to officers of the royal navy, and to their widows and 
 families, under circumstances of misfortune and consequent 
 distress. Supported by voluntary subscriptions and dona- 
 tions of naval officers, and others. The subscriptions of offi- 
 cers, according to their respective ranks, to secure for them- 
 selves, their widows and families, the benefit of this institution, 
 are as follows : — Admirals, vice-admirals, and rear-admirals, 
 £20 at one payment, or £3. 3s., £2. 2s., and £1. Is. annu- 
 ally, according to rank ; captains, commanders, and physi- 
 cians, £\0 at one payment, or 10s. 6d. annually ; lieutenants, 
 masters, surgeons, pursers, and chaplains, £5 at one pay- 
 ment, or 5s. annually. 
 
 The Court meet on the third Monday in January, April, 
 July, and October, to investigate applications for relief, 
 which must be addressed to the secretary, on or prior to the 
 25th March, June, September, and December. 
 
 Patroness, her Majesty the Queen. — President, Rear-Admiral 
 Lord Radstock. — Honorary Solicitor, W. Dickson, Esq., 4, Fre- 
 derick's-place. Old Jewry. — Secretary, Commander W. H. Dick- 
 son, Esq., R.N., Adam-street, Adelphi. 
 
 MERCHANT SEAMEN S CORPORA TION, 25, Birch- 
 in-lane. Was incorporated 1747, by an Act of 20th George 
 II, cap. 38, intituled an " Act for the relief and support of 
 
 ^ This society was originally instituted in 1739, under the title of the 
 " Royal Naval Amicable Society," and continued to 1838 under that of 
 the " Royal Naval Charitable Society." 
 
266 
 
 MERCHANT SEAMEs's CjlHrttHlllf CORPORATION, A.D. 1747 
 
 maimed and disabled seamen, and the widows and children 
 of such as shall be killed, slain, or drowned, in the merchant 
 service", and amended according to its present constitution, 
 by an act of 4 and 5 William IV, cap. 32. 
 
 It is supported by deductions from the wages of seamen, 
 and by donations. All masters and owners paying 2s., and 
 seamen or other persons serving on board. Is. per month, 
 which sums are collected by the owners, and remitted to the 
 receivers of the several ports. Maimed seamen to be pro- 
 vided for at the port where the accident happens. Disabled 
 seamen, having paid five years, to be provided for where 
 they have contributed most. 
 
 By a clause in the same act, it is enacted, that if any person 
 shall, by one or more payments, give the sum of £50, such 
 person shall be a governor. The annual election of committee 
 and officers is appointed to take place within five days of 
 Midsummer-day, notice of which is given in the London 
 Gazette ten days previous to the meeting. The annual 
 amount distributed in relief, according to last year's state- 
 ment, was ^20,000, a sum apparently quite inadequate for 
 providing, with any degree of comfort, or in proportion to 
 the need of those who have been contributors on the faith 
 of its being sufficient ; and yet a sum not defrayed by the 
 receipts : last year, the amount from London vessels was 
 ,£10,000, and out-port vessels, ^6,700 ; the remaining re- 
 ceipts from a small amount of dividends and voluntary con- 
 tributions falling far short of the deficiency. This virtual 
 insolvency of the fund having met the best consideration of 
 Government, it is hoped, that by a measure now before Par- 
 liament,! provision will be made for the merchant seaman 
 in distress and old age, as effectual and permanent as that 
 for the navy and marine. 
 
 President, George LyaU, Esq. — Secretary and Receiver for the 
 Port of London, Mr. Wm. Watson. — Surgeon, Mr. J. G. Sparke. 
 
 ^ The original amount paid by seamen was 6d. a montli ; and by cap- 
 tains, Is. This proving insufficient, was raised, by Act of Parliament, to 
 Is. and 2s. This also failing, and the fund at the present time being un- 
 able to honour the claims upon it, to the extent they are justly liable, 
 Mr. Labouchere proposes an annual grant of ^30,000 from the Consoli- 
 dated Fund, and having the amount of payments raised from Is. to Is. 6d. 
 This will enable the Corporation to increase the present scale of pensions, 
 and render the assistance granted more commensurate with what is re- 
 quired. 
 
267 
 
 MARITIME, A.D.I 790. ^PHtfit ^lillriptitS. MARINERS', A.D. 1835 
 
 THE LONDON MARITIME INSTITUTION, for the 
 benefit of decayed Master Mariners and their Families. Is 
 held at the office of the last mentioned Corporation, and was 
 instituted in 1790. Its design is to afford relief to life-mem- 
 bers, their widows, and children. It consists of honorary 
 members and of members for life, who must be in the com- 
 mand of a ship at the time of their admission ; not be above 
 forty-five years of age ; be recommended by a member, and 
 approved of by the committee. 
 
 One guinea annually, or five guineas in one payment, con- 
 stitute an honorary member. Life members must pay an 
 admission fee of fifteen guineas, and one guinea annually. 
 The Society's Almshouses are situated on Bow Common. 
 
 President, George Lindsay, Esq. — Treasurer, Robert Barclay, 
 Esq. — Secretary, Mr. William Watson. 
 
 MASTER MARINERS' BENEVOLENT SOCIETY, 
 
 49, Gracechurch-street. Established 1835. For the purpose 
 of relieving master mariners and their families in cases of 
 shipwreck and death ; and is supported by the subscriptions 
 of members and honorary members, the former only deriving 
 benefit. The assistance granted is by awards of from ^10 
 to £50, according to discretion of directors, and averages in 
 the aggregate from .£1,700 to ,£2,000 per annum; distributed 
 last year to various cases, in the following proportion : £755 
 amongst the families of those meeting death by casualties or 
 natural causes ; £200, from loss of life at sea ; £650 amongst 
 shipwrecked members ; and £114 to those sustaining losses. 
 The expenses of management are most creditably moderate, 
 being under £100 a-year. The amount of funded property 
 is nearly £6,000, the dividends from which it is in contem- 
 plation to devote in granting annuities. 
 
 Members must be in actual command of a decked vessel, 
 employed in the foreign or coasting trade, with their names 
 on the ship's register at the time of election, and under fifty 
 years of age. The entrance fee three guineas, and annual 
 subscription, £l. 6s., increasing according to age. The sub- 
 scription of two guineas, at the least, at one time, or one 
 guinea annual, constitutes an honorary member. 
 
 Treasurer, George Scovell, Esq. — Chairman, Thomas Dare, Esq, 
 — Secretary, Mr. George J. Sharp, 49, Gracechurch-street. 
 
268 
 
 LAW ASSOCIATION, CllKntHlllB A.D. 1817 
 
 United Service BenevolerU Institution, lately held at 76a, 
 Basinghall-street, is represented by the Secretary as having 
 suspended its operations. Communications may still be ad- 
 dressed to Henry Tommey, jun., Esq., Honorary Secretary, 
 Gresham Rooms, Basinghall-street. 
 
 ROYAL NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLEMENTAL 
 FUND SOCIETY, 14, Great George-street, Westminster. 
 Is connected with the Royal Naval College at Portsmouth. 
 For granting an additional pension to the widows of medical 
 officers in her Majesty's navy. 
 
 President, John Parker, Esq. — Treasurers, Messrs. Hallett and 
 Robinson, 14, Great George-street, Westminster. — Secretary, 
 John Whitmarsh, Esq. 
 
 LA WASSOCIA TION. Held at the office of Incorporated 
 Law Society, Chancery-lane. Instituted 1817. Consists of 
 attorneys and solicitors residing and practising in the me- 
 tropolis, or within the bills of mortality, with the following 
 objects : — To grant relief to the widow and children, or other 
 dependant relatives, of any member dying in distressed cir- 
 cumstances, either by an annual payment, or, with a view 
 to an establishment in business or employment, a sum of 
 money in lieu thereof. To promote the interests of such, by 
 patronage and recommendation. To allow assistance to any 
 member who may be involved in pecuniary difficulties, in 
 consequence of inability to conduct his business, or other 
 involuntary calamity. And, occasionally, to grant assistance 
 to the families of professional men, not being members ; the 
 amount devoted to which purpose l3eing determined upon at 
 a general court for a year ensuing, according to the state of 
 the funds : last year the amount of this vote was .£160. The 
 income of the society averages £1,300 per annum ; derived, 
 half from dividends (stock now amounting to £20,000), and 
 half from subscriptions. The amount expended in relief, 
 £1,100 per annum, and the expenses, ;£140. The whole 
 appears excellently well managed ; and as a benefit fund, 
 much may be learnt from it by those that consider them- 
 selves by their constitution prevented from affording chari- 
 table assistance to the distresses of non-members : this, 
 although a limited, is a very gratifying feature. 
 
 Two guineas per annum, or donation of twenty guineas at 
 one time, constitutes a member. Applications for relief to 
 be sent to the secretary, of whom proper forms may be had. 
 
269 
 
 UNITED LAW CLERKS' ^niffit ^^IirijtiBS. ASSOC. A.D. 1832 
 
 President, Lord Lyndhurst. — Treasurers, George Herbert Kin- 
 derley, Esq. ; Augustus Warren, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. J. Murray, 
 7, Whitehall. — Collector, Mr. Thomas Pemeller, 20, Hemingford- 
 villas, Islington. 
 
 UNITED LAW CLERKS' SOCIETY, 119, Chancery- 
 lane. Established 1832, as a general benefit fund ; render- 
 ing assistance, in sickness, to the extent of one guinea per 
 week ; during inability to earn the means of subsistence 
 through age or infirmity, from 10s. to 14s. a-week ; and on 
 the death of a member or a member's wife, from £25 to .£50. 
 Also a casual fund, to afford assistance, by loans and gifts, 
 to law clerks, whether members or not, and their widows 
 and families in temporary distress ; to procure situations 
 for law clerks generally, and to provide the profession with 
 efficient and respectable clerks; and to form a library of 
 useful legal works. Meetings of the committee, the first 
 Monday in every month, at Freemasons' Tavern, Great 
 Queen-street. 
 
 In all its essential features this fund is similar to the last 
 mentioned, and is supported by donations from the profes- 
 sion and payments of members, varying from 3s. to 5s. 
 a-month, and entrance, according to age. The amount ex- 
 pended last year in assisting members, non-members, their 
 wives and families, was £1,329. The present amount of 
 funded property is nearly £12,000. 
 
 Patron, the Lord Chancellor and Lord Lyndhurst. — Treasurer, 
 Mr. J. C. Worman, 29, Felix-terrace, Islington. — Secretary, Mr. H. 
 G. Rogers, 9, Liverpool-street, Walworth. — Collector and Re- 
 gistrar of Situations, Mr. L. Laidman, 119, Chancery-lane. 
 
 THE LAW WRITERS' PROVIDENT INSTITU- 
 TION, 14, Serle's-place, Lincoln's-inn, is represented as 
 strictly of a private character, for the benefit of members 
 only, and its support confined to them. Secretary, Mr. 
 Thomas Peters, 14, Serle's-place, Lincoln's-inn. 
 
 THE PROVIDENT CLERKS' BENEVOLENT AS- 
 SOCIATION, A%Mooxg&tQ-&iiQQt. Established 1840. Con- 
 sists of a benevolent fund attached to " The Mutual Benefit 
 Association,"! for granting pensions, and affording relief to 
 
 ^ Apart from the Benevolent Fund, the association is merely an insur- 
 ance office for securing a provision in old age, and at death ; endowment 
 for children, &c. One third of the net profits is devoted to the Benevo- 
 lent Fund. Vide note ante, page 255. 
 
270 
 
 WIDOWS <fe ORPHANS OF Cjlflritfllllf MEDICAL MEN, A.D, 1788 
 
 afflicted and distressed clerks, their wives and families. By 
 effecting an assurance with the association, it entitles the 
 assurer, without any further payment, to the advantages 
 both of the benefit department and benevolent fund ; or a 
 subscription of one guinea annually constitutes a member 
 not assuring. Three clerks, and seven widows of clerks, are 
 at present annuitants, receiving each from £15 to jG25 
 annually. 
 
 Chairman, Richard Henry Jones, Esq. — Treasurer, John Abel 
 Smith, M.P. 
 
 SOCIETY FOR RELIEF OF WIDOWS AND OR. 
 PHANS OF MEDICAL MEN in London and its Vici- 
 nity, A2, Half-moon-street. Instituted 1788. For the benefit 
 of the widows and orphans of members only} All physicians, 
 surgeons, and apothecaries residing within seven miles of 
 the Royal Exchange, and in any part of the county of Mid- 
 dlesex, are eligible to be elected members of the society. 
 
 Life subscribers pay twenty guineas ; annual subscribers 
 two guineas as entrance money, and two guineas a-year for 
 twenty years. 
 
 Widows of members, without children, who have a less 
 annual income than £50 ; widows who have children under 
 fourteen years of age, and who have not £50 a-year for 
 themselves, and £12 a-year also for each child, are, as well 
 as their children, eligible to receive assistance : also orphans 
 under fourteen years of age, who have not £25 a-year. 
 
 Widows, at present, have an allowance of £35 a-year, 
 children £12 a-year each, and orphans £25 a-year. Orphans 
 above fourteen years of age also receive assistance, if through 
 mental or bodily infirmity they are incapacitated to assist 
 themselves. 
 
 The funds are in a most prosperous condition, the amount 
 invested being nearly £50,000, and the annual income con- 
 tinuing to exceed the calls upon it. Last year the former 
 amounted to £2,500 (£1,700 from dividends), and the latter 
 only to £1,408, inclusive, it is but right to add, of the 
 moderate amount for expenses of £141. 
 
 President, Sir Charles Mansfield Clarke, M.D., Bart. — Trea- 
 surer, Dr. S. W. J. Merriman. — Trustees, Dr. Southey ; Dr. 
 
 ^ The institution that used to afford assistance to the distressed of the 
 profession generally, was the " Medical Benevolent Society", established 
 in 1816, but now defunct. 
 
271 
 
 booksellers' IJrnrfit |»Ilrittil!S. provident, a.d.1837 
 
 Turner ; A. Stone, Esq. — Secretary, Charles R. Walsh, Esq., 43, 
 Half Moon-street. — Collector, Mr. Joseph White, 68, liunb's 
 Conduit-street. — Bankers, Messrs. Vere and Co. 
 
 BOOKSELLERS' PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, 
 
 60, Paternoster-row. Established 1837. A fund for the 
 benefit of members only, and their widows and children, 
 when in necessitous circumstances. 
 
 A person eligible to be a member must be under fifty 
 years of age, have kept a shop or warehouse for twelve 
 months, or been assistant two years immediately preceding 
 application for membership, one year in the same employ ; 
 he must be proposed by two members ; sign a form of decla- 
 ration as to age, state of health, (fcc; and be balloted for: 
 and when so qualified and approved, a subscription of two 
 guineas annually, or twenty guineas at one time, constitutes 
 him member. If above thirty years of age at the time of 
 admission, he will have to pay a fine to the institution, 
 according to age. 
 
 No member is eligible for permanent relief until he has 
 attained the age of fifty-five years, the assistance in no case 
 to exceed £50 a-year. No member is eligible to receive 
 temporary relief until he has been a member three years, 
 and such assistance must not exceed 30s. per week. 
 
 The meetings of the committee are held at 60, Patemoster- 
 row, on the third Thursday in each month, at seven o'clock. 
 
 The funds are in a very prosperous condition, the amount 
 of funded property, now nearly £20,000, being annually 
 added to, as the dividends and annual contributions far 
 exceed the amount disbursed. The disbursements for manage- 
 ment expenses likewise, are less, perhaps, than any other 
 kindred institution : last year under £10. 
 
 The Booksellers' Provident Retreat, was commenced 1843 ; 
 for affording a comfortable habitation for such aged reci- 
 pients of annuities from the institution as require such a 
 residence : the Retreat forms an elegant structure, of the 
 Elizabethan style, situated close to the King's Langley 
 Station, on the Birmingham RaQway, upon ground presented 
 to the committee by John Dickinson, Esq., and in every 
 respect stands a fit model for such buildings. The archi- 
 tect was Mr. W. H. Cooper. There is commodious accom- 
 modation for seven inmates, and capable of considerable 
 extension, when found requisite. The first stone was laid 
 
272 
 
 booksellers' PROVIDENT ClfSritElllB RETREAT, A.D. 1843 
 
 in September 1845, and the building opened in July 1846. 
 The prosperity of the " retreat" is fostered by the directors 
 of the parent fund, to which it is a valuable accession, but 
 the management is quite distinct, and under another com- 
 mittee. 
 
 President, James Nisbet, Esq. — Treasurer, Thomas Brown, 
 Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Co. — Hon. Secretary, 
 W. Meyrick, Esq., 16, Parliament-street. — Honorary Medical 
 Officers : Dr. Darling, Russell-square ; A. M. M'Whinnie, Esq., 
 6, Crescent, Bridge-street ; Dr. A. P. Stewart, 74, Grosvenor- 
 street. 
 
 Chairman of the Retreat Committee, Edmund Hodgson, Esq. 
 Honorary Secretary to the Retreat, Mr. S. Ives. 
 
 It would appear very desirable that Funds of this nature, 
 especially instancing the two last mentioned (the Medical 
 and the Booksellers') as of a high character and propor- 
 tionate finances, should be rendered a little more serviceable 
 to the distressed at large, of their various trades and pro- 
 fessions respectively ; that a discretionary power should be 
 held by the committees to afford relief, if only of a secondary 
 or temporary kind, in special cases of need and desert, 
 amongst those, who, from improvidence, or, it may be, from 
 inability throughout, have never become members of the 
 Fund. Often is it, that the very prerequisites to mem- 
 bership preclude those from joining who otherwise would 
 wish to have done so ; and these restrictions are without 
 doubt, well ; but surely such should not be entirely debarred 
 from benefit of the relief when distress comes upon them. 
 Charity certainly forbids it, if not justice ; for the great dif- 
 ference between no relief — and ^50 a-year for life, is more 
 than is warranted by the claim of a mere contribution of two 
 guineas annually. The worst effect that can result from 
 such a measure of liberality is a slight decrease in the 
 amount awarded to members ; as, after all, it is not much 
 we are stipulating for, — not so much the amount as it is the 
 spirit : £200 per annum, or less, would go far in relieving 
 such cases as might be selected. The Law Association sets 
 the example in this respect ; and many other funds, it will 
 be seen, go farther still, and make general relief a funda- 
 mental purpose.' In fact, to oppose all admixture of charity 
 in the distribution of such funds, can only be attributed to 
 an 02?er-provident feeling, amounting almost to selfishness. 
 ^ Vide Pawnbrokers' Charitable Fund, and others. 
 
273 
 
 VIRTUOSI, A.D. 1842 JJrnffit |)DrirtiB3. stationers', A.D. 1840 
 
 The remaining Provident and Professional Benefit Funds 
 on our list, are so numerous, that we are reluctantly obliged 
 in many cases to abridge the notice ; a matter, however, to 
 be the less regretted, inasmuch as the details of their ma- 
 nagement have been developed in others more fully de- 
 scribed : and it seems preferable to exhibit as perfect a 
 summary of all the funds that can be ascertained, than to 
 occupy space with unnecessary repetitions of particulars. 
 
 VIRTUOSI PROVIDENT FUND, and Dealers in the 
 Fine Arts' Benevolent Institution, 12, Great Newport-street. 
 Established 1842. For the assistance of members, their 
 widows and children. Consisting of masters in the above 
 trade, who shall have kept shop, showroom, or gallery, prin- 
 cipally for the sale of works of art, for three years ; assist- 
 ants of six years standing. The immediate purpose is to 
 raise the present fund of £700, to £1,000; before which, 
 no relief can be granted. The subscription consists of one 
 guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation. 
 
 Treasurer, W. Smith, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. R. C. 
 Lambe, Gracechurch-street. — Assistant Secretary, Air. H. Rodd, 
 Great Newport-street. — Bankers, London and Westminster Bank. 
 — Collector, Mr. Duncan Rymer, Princes-street, Soho. 
 
 STATIONERS' and PAPER MANUFACTURERS' 
 Provident Society, Gerard's Hall, Basing-lane. Established 
 1840. For the assistance of members only, being stationers, 
 stationers' assistants, paper manufacturers, theii- clerks, fore- 
 men, and such others connected with the stationery trade as 
 the committee think proper, and their widows and orphans, 
 when in necessitous circumstances. 
 
 Two guineas annually, or 20 guineas at one time, from 
 such persons under twenty-five, constitutes a member, and 
 above that age, on payment of an entrance fee. In their 
 last report, the committee congratulate the members upon 
 the completion of the funded amount they have been aiming 
 at, viz., £10,000. The assistance granted will now consist of 
 pensions not exceeding twenty-five guineas per annum to 
 applicants above sixty, and of twenty shillings a-week to 
 those requiring casual relief. 
 
 President, John Dickinson, Esq. — Treasurer, Alderman Sir 
 William Magnay, Bart. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. Charles Gardi- 
 ner, 10, Old Jewry-chambers — Collector, Mr. W. J. C. Bowles, 
 77, Cannon-street, City. 
 
 18 
 
274 
 
 bookbinders' CjiaritalilB ani l^rniiikirt and pbintebs'. 
 
 BOOKBINDERS' Pension Society, Mechanics' Institute, 
 22, Southampton Buildings. Established 1830. For the 
 benefit of members only, reduced to indigence by old age 
 or infirmity, or their widows. The present number of pen- 
 sioners is nineteen, receiving conjointly the sum of £'320 
 annually. Five shillings per annum constitutes a member, 
 entitled to one vote for every such amount. 
 
 Bookbinders' Provident Asylum Society. Established 1839. 
 Is under the management of the same committee and oflBcers 
 as the Pension Society. Candidates, to be elected inmates of 
 the asylum, must have worked at the business ten years, and 
 have subscribed to the funds one pound, and be in the weekly 
 receipt of from two shillings and sixpence to fifteen shillings. 
 Subscribers have one vote at elections for every five shillings. 
 
 President the Duke of Bedford. — Bankers, Messrs. Williams, 
 Deacon, and Co. — Treasurer, James Smith, Jun., Esq. — Secre- 
 tary and Collector, Mr. James England. 
 
 VELLVM BINDERS' and MACHINE RULERS' 
 
 Pension Society. Established 1842. Is likewise held at the 
 Mechanics' Institution. For the benefit of members who 
 may be rendered incapable of following their employment, 
 from old age or other bodily infirmity, and their widows. 
 At present, the whole amount of funds is under .£1,000. 
 The relief afforded is limited to one pensioner, at ^18 per 
 annum. Five shillings annually constitutes a member ; two 
 guineas at one time a life member, who have one vote for 
 every such subscription. 
 
 Treasurer, John Smith, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. E. Yarranton, 
 16, New Compton-street, Soho. — Collector, Mr. W. J. Gilbert, 
 6, Great Smith-street, Westmmster. 
 
 PRINTERS' Pension Society, London Tavern, Bishops- 
 gate Street. Established 1827. The object of this Society 
 is to relieve aged and infirm workmen in the several 
 branches of the printing business,^ and their widows, by 
 granting a pension of £14 per annum to the men, and £9 
 per annum to the women. 
 
 ■* A meeting of compositors connected with the morning paper press 
 
 generally, has recently been held, for the purpose of considering " pro- 
 
 jwsals for the establishment of a Typographical Widow and Orphan 
 
 Fund," Mr. Hartnell in the chair ; and a provisional committee appointed 
 
 , for the purpose of carrying out the objects. 
 
 The Newspaper Press Benevolent Fund is now broken up. 
 
275 
 
 PKINTEES' AND ^BHpfit i^DrijtiES. NEWSVENDORS'. 
 
 The annual subscription is 5s, which entitles the subscriber 
 to one vote at all elections, and an extra vote for every 5s. 
 The payment of 2 guineas at one time constitutes a life sub- 
 scriber with one vote, and every 5 guineas entitles to three 
 votes. 
 
 Printers' Almshouses, Woodgreen, Tottenham^ Middlesex, 
 nearly adjoining the Fishmongers' and Poulterers' Insti- 
 tution. First stone laid by Lord Mahon, June 1849. Esta- 
 blished chiefly by the journeymen, aided by the master 
 printers ; the main front (at present all contracted for) has 
 just been opened, and is for the reception of twelve inmates 
 and their wives ; the proposed age for admission is 60 years, 
 but an alteration is contemplated. 
 
 Subscribers have one vote for each annual contribution of 
 5s.; the immediate object of the committee is to obtain an 
 endowment fund, and for this they are now appealing. The 
 whole amount of the building fund collected (in 7 years) to 
 the present time is ,£2000, half of which remains for build- 
 ing expenses. 
 
 Treasurer, Richard Taylor, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Rogers, 
 Olding, and Co. — Secretary, Mr. J. S. Hodson, 2, Clifford's-inn- 
 passage, Fleet- street. 
 
 Separate Officers for the Almshouses are : Bankers, Messrs. 
 Praed and Co., Fleet-street. — Secretary, Mr. J. Darkin, 2, 
 Cloudesley-street, Islington. 
 
 NEWSVENDERS' Benevolent and Provident Institu- 
 tion, 7, St. John's Square. Established 1839, for granting 
 temporary relief and permanent assistance of masters and 
 servants engaged as venders of newspapers, who, from age, 
 infirmity, or distress, may require the aid of the benevolent. 
 Candidates for permanent relief must be above fifty years of 
 age, have subscribed for five years to the fund, and not be 
 in receipt of 16s. a week. Temporary relief, it is gratify- 
 ing to see, will be afforded, when the funds will permit, 
 to non-subscribers, provided they have been in the business 
 ten years. The present amount of funds does not exceed 
 £1000, and the annual income is under £100. 
 
 Three guineas at one time, or 5s. annually, constitutes a 
 member, with the privilege of one vote for every such sub- 
 scription. 
 
 President, James Harmer, Esq. — Treasurer, Mr. Thomas Mer- 
 
276 
 
 THEATRICAL CjiaiMk flllil ^rnflitolt rUMDS,1765-1839 
 
 rett, 7, St. John's-square. — Bankers, Messrs. Gosling and Co. — 
 Secretary, Mr. E. W. Cole, 41, DevereU-street, New Kent-road. 
 
 CO VENT GARDEN THEA TEICALFUNJD,2,Vimces 
 Place, Covent Garden Theatre. Instituted 1765. Con- 
 firmed by Parliament 1776. For the support of such per- 
 formers only of the Theatre Royal Covent Garden, as are 
 members of the fund, and who, through age, infirmity, or acci- 
 dent, are obliged to retire from the stage ; also the widows 
 and children of such. Performers cannot become members 
 tmtil they have passed a certain number of years at the 
 theatre. The amount of members' payment was originally 
 fixed in proportion to the salary received ; but now it is 
 understood to have " no reference to their position in Covent 
 Garden"; the number of members and extent of charity 
 generally appears very limited, and, at the present time, 
 partakes more of a private provident fund. The cash state- 
 ment is not published. 
 
 Honorary Physician, John Forbes, M.D. — Honorary Solicitor, 
 W. D. Haverfield, Esq. — Treasurer, G. Bartley, Esq. — Secretary, 
 Mr. Drinkwater Meadows, Michael's Grove, Brompton. 
 
 DRURY LANE THEATRICAL FUND, Office, Stage 
 Door, Drury-lane Theatre. Founded 1776. Incorporated 
 1777. Established by the late David Garrick, is for the re- 
 lief and support of such aged and decayed persons belonging 
 to Her Majesty's Company of Comedians in the Theatre 
 Royal, Drury-lane, as are members of the fund, their widows 
 and children. It is managed by a master and directors. 
 
 President, the Duke of Cambridge. — Master and Treasurer, Mr. 
 J. P. Harley. — Directors, Messrs. C. Kean, J. P. Harley, and others. 
 — Bankers, Messrs. Hoare,rieet-st.— Secretary, Mr. W. Bennett. 
 
 THE GENERAL THEATRICAL FUND Association, 
 English Opera House. Established 1839. For the relief 
 of its members in sickness and old age, their widows, 
 orphans, or nominees. Persons eligible for membership 
 must have practised for five years in one or more of the 
 theatres in the list of the society, the art of dancing, sing- 
 ing, or acting. The subscriptions are of three classes, vary- 
 ing in amount according to age ; the relief and pensions 
 granted depend on the class the pensioner subscribed to. No 
 relief is granted until such person has belonged to the 
 society seven years, funeral expenses, and return of half 
 payments to npminees, widows, and orphans alone excepted. 
 
277 
 
 dancers', a.d. 1842. ^jBHtilt ^dlrictiM. organ builders'. 
 
 Donors of £10, and subscribers of £1, are considered 
 honorary members. The amount of funded property is 
 about £5,000, and annual income £750, derived from divi- 
 dends, members' payments, and about £170 from voluntary 
 contributions. 
 
 Trustees: Charles Dickens^ Esq.; B. B. Cabbell, Esq. — Trea- 
 surer, J. B. Buckstone, Esq. — Honorary Physician, Dr. Roberts, 
 Bridge-street, Blackfriars. — Secretary, Mr. W. Cullenford. 
 
 DANCERS'" Provident Society, 96, St. Martin's-lane. 
 Established 1843. For the benefit of its own members only, 
 who must have practised either as public dancers or private 
 teachers for the term of seven years, and borneagood character. 
 
 Such members to pay stated admission fee, according to 
 age, and an annual amount of as many shillings as they are 
 years old at the time of election. The relief afforded to be 
 in accordance with circumstances of the member requiring, 
 and state of the funds. The permanent pension to average 
 £25. The secretary and all office expenses met by an annual 
 extra amount of 6s. from each member. One guinea annual 
 constitutes an honorary member. 
 
 President, Sir Charles Shakerley. — Chairman of Committee, 
 Mr. James Bym. — Treasurer, William Delferier, Esq. — Secretary, 
 Mr. Law. 
 
 OROAN BUILDERS'' Benevolent Institution^ Lisson- 
 grove, South. Established 1842. For the relief of the dis- 
 tress of poor, aged, and infirm persons, of good character, 
 who have been occupied in any of the branches of organ 
 building, during a continued period of not less than two 
 years, and likewise to afford relief to their widows, with an 
 increased benefit to such as may have been members. 
 
 Ten guineas at one time, or one guinea annually, consti- 
 tutes a vice-president, with four votes at all elections ; half 
 that amount, a governor, with two votes ; and a fourth, a 
 subscriber, with one vote. 
 
 Applicants for the pension must be above fifty-five years 
 of age, have subscribed to the funds for at least five years, 
 and not in the receipt of 12s. per week ; or in case of 
 widows, 8s. ; the former to receive £15, the latter £12, per 
 annum, with an additional 12s. 6d. per annum for each pay- 
 ment of 5s., being made double, treble, etc. for every period 
 of five years that such payment has been made. 
 
 Patron, Earl of Cawdor. — President, J. C. Bishop, Esq., Lisson 
 
278 
 
 •WATCH makers', CjIflrittllllB an^ ^rnili&EIlt goldsmiths', «kc. 
 
 Grove South. — Treasurer and Secretary, Mr. Edmond Woods, 94, 
 Liliington-street, Belgrave-road. 
 
 WATCH and CLOCK-MAKERS' Benevolent Institu- 
 tion, 5, Green-terrace, Clerkenwell. Established 1815. For 
 the relief of aged workmen, unable to support themselves, 
 by an annual pension of ten guineas, and their widows by 
 a pension of six guineas. No one can be admitted a candi- 
 date under the age of sixty years, cases of total incapacity 
 only excepted. 
 
 Every person who subscribes one guinea a-year is a go- 
 vernor, and a donation of ten guineas constitutes a governor 
 for life. 
 
 Treasurer, William Cozens, Esq., 10, Bunhill-row. — Honorary 
 Secretary, Mr. William Webb, 6, Green-terrace, Clerkenwell. 
 
 GOLDSMITHS'' Benevolent Institution, 27, Hatton- 
 garden. Established 1833. For the relief of the distress of 
 poor, aged, or infirm persons, of good character, occupied in 
 any of the branches of the goldsmiths' or jewellery business, 
 during a continued period of not less than seven years, 
 whether members of the fund or not, and their widows. 
 
 Ten guineas at one payment, or one guinea annually, con- 
 stitutes a governor, who has four votes, and the same in 
 proportion for less sums, as low as 5s. annually. 
 
 The amount of pensions granted are similar to those of 
 the Organ-builders' Society, increasing in like manner to 
 such as have been members. Annual income, ,£650, and 
 amount of funded property, ^£2,300. 
 
 President, John Wm. Thomas, Esq. — Treasurer, J. H. Wather- 
 ston, Esq.— -Secretary, Mr. Edward Barton, 27, Hatton Garden. 
 
 SILVER TRADE Pension Society, Queen's Arms Tavern, 
 Newgate-street. Established 1836. For the relief of de- 
 cayed members of the silver trade, including traders, work 
 men, clerks, and shopmen, or any connected with the trade, who 
 have been employed as such for a continued period of seven 
 years, and their widows. Candidates for the pension must 
 be above fifty-five years of age when elected. The annuity 
 is twelve guineas to males, and eight to females, with an 
 addition of ten per cent, on the amount they may have sub- 
 scribed. The present number of annuitants is ten ; the 
 annual income ^£175, and the amount of funded property 
 under ;£1,000. 
 
279 
 
 METAL trades'. ^Pnflit /^DrijtlPH. BRASSFOUNDEEs'. 
 
 An annual subscription of 5s. constitutes a subscriber ; 
 and two guineas paid at any one time, a life subscriber. 
 
 Treasurer, G. C. Glynn, Esq.— Secretary, Mr. E. Higgins, 14, 
 Half- Moon-street, White Conduit-fields. — Collector, Mr. William 
 Easterbrook, 52, Whiskin-street, ClerkenweU. 
 
 IRON, HARDWARE, & METAL TRADES' Pensimi 
 Society, &7, Upper Thames- street ; established 1843 ; for the 
 purpose of granting permanent relief to deserving and neces- 
 sitous members of the trades and their widows, by pensions 
 or otherwise. Applicants for the pensions must be recom- 
 mended by two subscribers, fill up the required form (to be 
 obtained of the Secretary), and be approved of by the com- 
 mittee. Such candidates as may have been members of this 
 society, or their widows, have the benefit of ten votes added 
 to their poll for every guinea they may have subscribed, pro- 
 vided not paid for that immediate object. The pensions are 
 granted at the discretion of the committee, but not to exceed 
 25 guineas per annum. Present number of pensioners, 25. 
 The annual income is nearly £1,000, derived, all but ^£96, 
 from voluntary contributions. The amount of funded pro- 
 perty is £4500. Ten guineas in one sum, or one guinea annual, 
 entitles to two votes, and two others for every additional five 
 guineas ; twenty guineas render eligible for Vice-President. 
 
 President, W. Thompson, Esq., Aid., M.P. — Treasurer, Thomas 
 B. Simpson, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. Thomas Hawkins, 
 67, Upper Thames-street. — Honorary Solicitor, R. G. Matthews, 
 Esq., 1, Bury Court, St. Mary Axe. 
 
 BRASSFOUNDERS', BRAZIERS, and Coppermiiths'' 
 Pension Institution, 8, Shoe-lane; established 1831 ; for the 
 benefit of members of the above trades generally, whether 
 traders, workmen, clerks, or shopmen. Candidates for the 
 pension must be at least sixty years of age, not in the receipt 
 of more than \2s. per week, and have been in the trade seven 
 years ; if clerks or shopmen, must have subscribed to the fund 
 seven years. The amount of pensions are, to males £12 per 
 annum, and to females £8 per annum, with 10 per cent in 
 addition on the amount they may have subscribed. Six 
 shillings annually, or .£3 in one payment, constitutes a mem- 
 ber, with one vote for every such subscription. 
 
 Trustees : the Treasurer, Mr. W. Devey, 8, Shoe-lane ; Mr. 
 Thomas Mears, Canterbury ; and Mr. David Boolbyer, Stanhope- 
 street, Claremarket. — Secretary and Collector, Mr. W. Handley, 
 2, Windsor-place, City-road. 
 
280 
 
 pawnbrokers', Cjiaritalib m^ j^rn ciknt a.d.i823 
 
 PAWNBROKERS' CharitaUe Imtitution, 40, Duke- 
 street, Manchester-square ; founded 1823 ;^ for the tempo- 
 rary relief of distressed pawnbrokers, or their journeymen, 
 their widows and children, and the granting of pen- 
 sions in old age, preference being given to those who have 
 been members of the fund. One guinea annually, or 10s. Qd. 
 from journeymen, entitles to recommend objects for tempo- 
 rary relief, and to one x'ote for each pensioner to be elected. 
 The committee meet on the first Thursday in every month, 
 at eleven o'clock. At the present time only one pensioner 
 is on the funds, receiving ,£20 annually, and twenty-three 
 receiving casual relief. The annual income is about ,£400, 
 of which £265 is distributed in relief. The amount of 
 funded property is £3,500. Printed forms of petition may 
 be obtained of the treasurer, secretary, or any governor, and 
 when filled up, must be forwarded to the secretary ten days 
 before the meeeting. 
 
 The Almshouses, erecting by means of a building fund 
 attached to this society, are nearly ready for the inmates : 
 the building is a very substantial one, in the Elizabethan 
 style, situated at West Ham, at a cost of £4,000. 
 
 Treasurer, Mr. John Thomas Neate. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. 
 W. A. Hows. — Collector and Assistant Secretary, Mr. Parr, 22, 
 Bridge-street, Southwark. 
 
 FURNITURE BROKERS' Benevolent Institution, 101, 
 Wardour-street ; established 1839 ; for the relief of decayed 
 and distressed furniture brokers, and the widows and orphan 
 children of members of the institution, being members of the 
 trade. The committee meet at the treasurer's, every last Tues- 
 day in each second month. Applicants for pension must have 
 the recommendation of four subscribers. Candidates must 
 either have kept a shop ten years in the trade, or been a member 
 of the society three years and kept a shop five years, and be 
 incapacitated from work or above fifty years of age ; widows 
 above forty-five, and children under fourteen. Ten guineas 
 donation and upwards entitles to two votes at all elections 
 of candidates ; five guineas at one time, or one guinea annual, 
 to one vote. 
 
 Treasurer, Mr. James "Winter, 101, "Wardour-street. — Bankers, 
 
 1 Stated to be the first of the trade funds established for the general 
 benefit of all members of such trade. 
 
281 
 
 grocers', a.d. 1837. 'Btllpftt I^IirittifS. butchers', a.d. 1828 
 
 London and Westminster Bank. — Secretary and Collector, Mr. 
 Daniel Buckle, jun., 4, Upper Baker-street, Pentonville. 
 
 GROCERS and TEA-DEALERS' Benevolent Protection 
 Society, 29, St. Swithin's-lane ; established 1837; for grant- 
 ing permanent annuities to the decayed members of the tea 
 and grocery trade, East and West India merchants, brokers, 
 sugar refiners, and importers of, and dealers in, colonial or 
 other foreign produce, whose principal business is connected 
 with the trade of a grocer and tea-dealer, and their widows. 
 Persons who have carried on such business within twelve 
 miles of London, for seven years, in an honourable manner, 
 are eligible for its benefits. Elections of pensioners take 
 place in January and July. Pensions vary in amount, from 
 £18 to £24 females, and from £24 to £30 males. Such as 
 have been members of the society receive the larger amount. 
 The number of pensioners on the funds varies from thirty to 
 forty, at an annual amount of from £700 to £800. The 
 amount of annual income is nearly £1,800 ; £378 derived 
 from dividends, and the remainder from subscriptions. The 
 funded property exceeds £12,000. 
 
 President, Henry Kemble, Esq. — Treasurers : Edward Abso- 
 lom, Esq.; James Peek, Esq.; John Townend, Esq.; — Honorary 
 Secretaries : Mr. C. B. Kelham, Mr. William H. Partridge, Mr. 
 George Ashley. — Acting Secretary, Mr. George Garraway ; Office, 
 29, St. Swithin's-lane. 
 
 BUTCHERS'' Charitable Institution, 4, Dyers'-buUdings, 
 Holborn ; founded 1828 ; for affording relief to distressed 
 master-butchers, and salesmen, etc., and their widows and 
 children. The annual allowance to male pensioners is to the 
 extent of twenty guineas, to widows fifteen guineas, and a 
 further allowance in proportion to the number of their chil- 
 dren. The present number of pensioners is forty-four, receiv- 
 ing in the aggregate about £900. The amount of annual 
 income is nearly £1,700 ; viz., £1,382 from contributions, 
 and £299 from dividends. The funded property exceeds 
 £10,000. One guinea annual, or ten guineas at one time, con- 
 stitutes a governor, entitled to one vote at all elections for 
 candidates ; votes polled for unsuccessful candidates are 
 accumulative. Members of this fund ever requiring its aid, 
 and becoming candidates, have the privilege of one vote 
 being added to their poll, for every guinea they may have 
 contributed. 
 
282 
 
 cHEESEMONGERs'.cttaritalii i! aiiii ^rnttiknt fishmo ngers'. 
 
 The Almshouses, at Walham-green, Fulham, attached to 
 this society, are for pensioners only, who have the addition 
 of one cwt. of coals weekly : the election of them is vested in 
 the donors and subscribers to the building fund. 
 
 President, John Sharp, Esq., 3, Alpha-cottage, Saint John's- 
 wood. — Treasurer, Francis Healey, Esq., Euston-grove, Euston- 
 square. — Bankers, Sir Claude Scott and Co., Cavendish-square. 
 — Secretary, Mr. James Ness, 4, Dyer's-buildings, Holbom. — 
 Collectors, Mr. Benjamin Hill, 7, Oxford-market ; Mr. George 
 Butler, 19, Saint John-street, Clerkenwell. 
 
 CHEESEMONGERS' Benevolent Institution, 8, Bath- 
 street, Newgate- street ; established 1835 ; for the relief 
 of necessitous master-cheesemongers and their widows, 
 by granting pensions of £24 to males, and £16 to females. 
 Thirty-one pensioners are receiving relief, to the amount 
 of £600 per annum. The annual income is about £700 
 per annum, and the funded property now amounts to 
 £7,010. One guinea constitutes an annual subscriber, and 
 ten guineas a life subscriber ; each subscriber to be entitled 
 to one vote at all elections. 
 
 President, Joseph Anderson, Esq. — Treasurer, R. Davies, Esq. 
 — Secretary, Mr. George Simpson, 8, Bath-street, Newgate-street. 
 — Collector, Mr. Samuel Abbot. 
 
 FISHMONGERS' and POULTERERS' Imtitution, 
 124, Lower Thames-street. Instituted 1835. One of the 
 primary objects for which the institution was established, 
 has been, to a certain extent, accomplished, namely, the 
 completion, and partial occupation, of an asylum for the 
 aged. This has, however, so impaired the funds, as to leave 
 a debt of some amount, in connexion with the building, 
 unliquidated, and to limit the immediate usefulness of the 
 charity. The asylum is situated at Wood Green. The other 
 purposes are, to afford occasional and permanent relief to 
 aged and infirm persons engaged in the fish or poultry trades, 
 and their wives or widows ; also, occasional relief to their 
 necessitous orphans. 
 
 The total number of cases relieved has been nineteen, but 
 the annual amount at present distributed, is necessarily 
 limited to about £60 ; the amount of income is but £500, 
 the which, at present, is absorbed by the expenses of the 
 asylum. There is no funded property. 
 
 A subscription of 10s. 6d. per annum constitutes a mem- 
 
283 
 
 HOTEL KEEPERS. ^BBIIpftt ^00^1515, LICENSED VICTUALLERS 
 
 ber, and entitles to one vote ; a donation of three guineas 
 equivalent. 
 
 President, M. Wolverley Attwood, Esq. — Treasurer, Mr. 
 Christopher Grove, 150, New Bond-street. — Honorary Secretaries, 
 Mr. Robert Milestone, Swallow-place, Regent-street (Fish Trade) ; 
 Mr. John Surman, Leadenhall-market (Poultry Trade). — Secretary 
 and Collector, Mr. D. S. Recknell, 126, Lower Thames-street. 
 
 HOTEL and TA VERN KEEPERS' Provident Insti- 
 tution, for the relief of necessitous and aged members, Cra- 
 ven Hotel, Craven-street, Strand. Established 1839, This 
 society assists members only, constituted either by an annual 
 subscription of one guinea, or an equivalent donation of ten 
 guineas ; the same subscription constituting honorary mem- 
 bers, with a vote at all meetings. 
 
 The annual income amounts to £41 7 ; and the expendi- 
 ture, £410, including £272 distributed, in various sums, to 
 twenty-eight aged and necessitous members. 
 
 President, Mr. Thomas Ellis, St. James's-street, Pall Mall. — 
 Treasurer, Mr. Thomas M. Bacon, Freemason's Tavern, Great 
 Queen-street. — Honorary Secretary, Lieutenant S. E. Tapster, 
 Craven Hotel. — Assistant Secretary, Mr. G. W. Newborn, Craven 
 Hotel, Craven-street, Strand. 
 
 PERMANENT FUND of the Society of LICENSED 
 VICTD'ALLERS,l27,¥leet-stTeet. Established 1794; in- 
 corporated 1836. Grants weekly allowances, at the present 
 time, to 295 persons, amounting, in the aggregate, to £3,978 
 per annum ; the amount distributed in this manner, since the 
 society's establishment, is no less a sum than ^125,000.^ 
 
 For the Licensed Victuallers' Asylum, see page 229 ; and 
 School, Chapter xiv. 
 
 Governor, Mr. Jones, St. John-street, Smithfield. — Secretary, 
 Mr. William Smalley. 
 
 AGED and INFIRM JOURNEYMEN TAILORS 
 (Benevolent Institution for the Relief of). Office, 32, Sack- 
 ville-street ; Asylum, Haverstock-hill, Established 1837. 
 
 ^ Ditto for the maintenance and education of children in the School, 
 .£20,163. Ditto from subscription fund for ditto, ^123,991. Ditto from 
 charity box, £5,420. Total amount distributed, £275,000. This fund 
 is derived mainly from the licensed victuallers' newspaper, the Morning 
 Advertiser. Members of the fund have to pay an admission fee of three 
 guineas, and take in the newspaper daily, so long as they remain in the 
 business, and upon giving up business to pay 22s. per annum in lieu thereof. 
 
284 
 
 TAILORS'. Cjiaritalik Knb: jprnniknt linendrapers'. 
 
 Consisting of funds for the relief of members only, and an 
 asylum for the reception of pensioners. Members eligible 
 for relief are journeymen, foremen, and porters, having been 
 journeymen and members for three years, being incapaci- 
 tated from work by age, debility, or blindness. Application 
 for relief to be made by letter to the secretary. No journey- 
 man can become a member as eligible to future relief if 
 more than thirty-five years of age. Subscriptions of 7s. per 
 annum from journeymen, or one guinea annual from other 
 members, entitle to five votes at all elections. 
 
 The asylum at Haverstock-hill affords accommodation 
 for forty pensioners, and their wives. An infirmary, and 
 a neat well-built chapel, with an endowment by the pre- 
 sident for a chaplain, have been added to the building. 
 Each inmate receives £20 16s. per annum, with coals and 
 medical attendance. The annual income is about £2,500, 
 derived from £800 dividends, and the remainder voluntary 
 contributions. The amount distributed according to the 
 objects is £1,474, and for management expenses £239. 
 Present amount of funded property, £13,474. 
 
 Honorary Physician, Dr. Baly, Spring-gardens. — Honorary 
 Surgeons, Miles Murley, Esq., Cork-street ; H. Bird, Esq., 
 Hampstead-road. — Chaplain, the Rev. John Baines, A.M. — 
 Bankers, Sir Claude Scott, Bart., and Co. — Secretary, Mr. H. H. 
 Hall, 32, Sackville-street. 
 
 LINEN DRAPERS', SILK MERCERS', LaceimrCs, 
 Haberdashers', and Hosiers' Institution^ 24, Surrey-street, 
 Strand; instituted 1831 ; for relieving members only, in sick- 
 ness and destitution. Supported by honorary and life sub- 
 scribers often guineasand upwards, at one time, or one guinea 
 annually ; persons above 25 pay increased amounts. The funds 
 of this institution are in a most prosperous state, having re- 
 alized a funded amount of £31,000. In 1848, nearly £1,100 
 was expended in relieving upwards of fifty cases, exclusive 
 of medical attendance, and last year (1849), the amount in- 
 creased. In nine cases £40 per annum were awarded. The 
 management expenses appear, however, to be heavy, the 
 item for last year being above £600, most probably the 
 result of some special proceedings. 
 
 President, John Pearce, Esq. — Chairman, P. Palmer, Esq. — 
 Secretary, Mr. George Brace, 24, Surrey-street, Strand. — Collec- 
 tor, Mr. Robinson, Budge-row, Cannon-street. 
 
285 
 
 BOOTMAKERS. ^tllpftt ^nnBtlBS. TRAVELLERS'. 
 
 MASTER BOOT and SHOE-MAKERS\ Benevolent 
 Institution, 77, Cannon-street, City. Established 1836. 
 For affording relief, by way of annuity, to aged mem- 
 bers, their widows, and orphans. Any person carrying on 
 the boot and shoe business as a bespoke-master, wholesale 
 manufacturer, agent, or retail salesman, at the time of com- 
 mencing his subscription, is eligible as a member. 
 
 Subscriptions, annual, one guinea ; life, ten guineas. 
 Time of election of members, second Monday in January. 
 Candidates must have attained the age of fifty-six years ; 
 if females, the age of fifty years ; the former receiving £30 
 per annum, the latter £20 ; and each orphan (duly elected) 
 £20, until fourteen years of age, and a fee on being appren- 
 ticed. 
 
 The funded property is nearly £6,000, including the 
 building fund. An asylum has recently been erected, which 
 is just ready for the reception of inmates, at Mortlake, in 
 Surrey. The annual amount of present annuities is about 
 £150. 
 
 President, Robert Saylor, Esq. — Treasurer, Mr. William Berrall, 
 Marylebone-lane. — Secretary, Mr. J. C. Bowles, 77, Cannon-st. 
 
 COMMERCIAL TRA VELLERS' Society, 38, Ludgate- 
 hill. Established 1800. For the relief of sick and dis- 
 tressed members only, their widows, and children. 
 
 Persons desirous of being members must be recommended 
 by a member of the committee, or two members of the so- 
 ciety, and be balloted for by the general committee. The 
 subscription depends upon the age of the member. 
 
 Number of claimants relieved by the society from the 
 commencement, 437 members, 368 widows, 402 children, 
 53 orphans ; total, 1,260 claimants, to whom £80,690 has 
 been paid. 
 
 The funded property now exceeds £20,000, and the an- 
 nual income £1,280. 
 
 President, Sir Chapman Marshall, Alderman. — Treasurer, John 
 Barnard, Esq. — Trustees, Sir Charles R. Price, Bart. ; John 
 Barnard, Esq. ; Sir Chapman Marshall, Alderman ; Joseph 
 ITiompson, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. John B. Jackson. ^-Surgeon, 
 Alfred Poland, Esq. 
 
 INSTITUTION FOR NECESSITOUS COMMER- 
 CIAL TRAVELLERS, 23, Phillpot-lane. Establishing 
 1849. Under this designation a society is now being or- 
 
286 
 
 brewers' CLEKKS'. Cilflritallit ^'C ^rfllli^PIlt LETT, carriers'. 
 
 ganized, whether intended for the benefit of the trade gene- 
 rally, or only of members, is not yet developed ; but 
 considering the stability of the original society as a provident 
 fund, it must be presumed that this will be a generally bene- 
 volent one. 
 
 Honorary Secretary pro tem., Thomas Smith, Esq. — Secretary, 
 pro tem., Mr. Carter. 
 
 BREWERS' and DISTILLERS' CLERKS' Annuity 
 Fund for their Widows and Orphans, New Com Exchange 
 Coffee House, Mark-lane. Established 1840. For the benefit 
 of the widows and orphans of members only, consisting of 
 the clerks of such brewers and distillers whose premises are 
 situate within fourteen miles of the Post-oflSce, upon pay- 
 ment of entrance fee, and other annual contributions accord- 
 ing to age, etc. 
 
 A donation of five guineas constitutes a governor. 
 
 Present number of annuitants, eight widows and their 
 children. 
 
 President, J. H. Wynne, Esq. —Treasurer, Osgood Hanbury, 
 Esq., Jun. — Physician, Dr. Francis Cobb. — Solicitor, T. B. Tan- 
 queray, Esq. — Sub-Treasurer, Mr. Charles H. Pawley. — Secretary, 
 Mr. J. Bowles, 77, Cannon-street, City. 
 
 THE GENERAL POST-OFFICE SUB-SORTERS', 
 
 and Letter-Carriers' Widoios & Orphans Pension Institution, 
 87, Wood-street. Established 1840. Is for the benefit of 
 members only, and, at the present time, distributes about 
 £100 annually in pensions to such as have been elected 
 annuitants on account of old age or distress. Funded pro- 
 perty, £3,000, and the annual income varies from £600 to 
 .£700, supported to a considerable extent by voluntary con- 
 tributions of the benevolent. 
 
 Treasurer, Mr. Philip Webster. — Secretary, Mr. Bichard 
 Langley, Post-office, St. Martin's-le-Grand. 
 
 THE JOB S POST MASTERS', COACH PROPRI- 
 ETORS', Horse Healers', and Livery Stable Keepers', of 
 England, Provident Fund, 30, Great James-street, Esta- 
 blished 1839. For the temporary and permanent relief of 
 members only, their widows and children. Members, to de- 
 rive such advantage, must be recognized by the directors to 
 have been engaged in one of the above trades, and have 
 taken out a license as such. 
 
287 
 
 JOB (fe POST masters'. ^Blltilt ^nnftltiS. OMNIBUS servants'. 
 
 Two guineas annually, or 20 guineas at one time, or paid 
 within two years, constitutes a governor, with one vote ; and 
 the same payments, with an entrance fee according to age, 
 constitutes a member. Five pensioners at present on the 
 permanent fund, receiving conjointly £94 ; funded property, 
 £8000 ; income above J700. 
 
 President, Duke of Richmond. — Treasurer, Mr. Richard Tat- 
 tersall, Hyde Park-comer. — Honorary Surgeon, Mr. John Vincent 
 Hawkins, 61, George -street, Portman-square. — Secretary, Mr. 
 William Tredway Clarke, 30, Great James-street, Bedford-row. 
 
 RAILWAY GUARDS' Friendly Fund. Formed only 
 last year. Promises to prove of great benefit to a very de- 
 serving class of men, than whom few require such an insti- 
 tution more, from the various risks to which their duties 
 expose them. The objects aimed at are — to provide a weekly 
 allowance in sickness, or in case of accident ; a deferred 
 annuity ; a certain sum to be paid at death ; weekly allow- 
 ance to orphans and children ; a home in old age. The asso- 
 ciation is under the sanction of the chairman and directors 
 of the London and North Western Railway Company. Within 
 six months upwards of 500 men have entered.^ 
 
 Treasurer, G. C. Glynn, Esq. — Chairman of Committee, Mr, 
 George Gray. 
 
 METROPOLITAN OMNIBUS SERVANTS Provi- 
 dent Society, 4, Portman-place, Edgware-road. Established 
 1848. For the benefit of that large body of men connected 
 with omnibuses, — as drivers, conductors, time-keepers, and 
 clerks, — numbering in all about ten thousand. It proposes 
 to assist the disabled and infirm, their widows and orphans ; 
 to found an asylum for the aged and feeble ; the establish- 
 ment of a school for the children of members, and to adopt 
 measures by which the members may be enabled to im- 
 prove themselves mentally, morally, and religiously. The 
 subscription is fixed at sixpence a-week ; and, to secure 
 its respectability, none but men of unimpeachable character 
 are to be admitted members. It will be dependent as well 
 on public contributions, which are solicited to aid it, on the 
 ground that thus improving and raising the character of 
 this class of men will greatly benefit society at large. 
 
 1 At the present time, upwards of 2,000 Railway Guards are in con- 
 stant employ in Great Britain. 
 
288 
 
 HAIR dressers' Cliaritsliip k ^rDDitont builders'. 
 
 President James Wyld, Esq., M.P. — Treasurer, Mr. S. Pierce, 
 Warwick-road, Maida-hill. — Honorary Secretary, R. Morgan, 
 Esq., 6, Warwick-villas, Paddington. — Manager, Mr. J. Scully, 
 Camden-town. — Bankers, Union Bank, London. 
 
 BRITISH HAIR-DRESSERS Benevolent and Provi- 
 dent Institution, Hercules' Pillars, Great Queen-street. Esta- 
 blished 1831. For the benefit of members only, elected, 
 and paying an annual subscription of £1, or a donation of 
 £10. The relief afi"orded consists of pensions of £\0 annu- 
 ally to members above the age of fifty years, on being 
 elected to the same. 
 
 President, S. Grange, Esq., Saint John's-wood-road. — Treasurer, 
 W. G.Bentley, Esq., 220, HighHolbom.- — Secretary and Collector, 
 Mr. John Swain, Edward's-yard, Regent-street. 
 
 THE TALLOW CHANDLERS' Benevolent Society, 8, 
 Artillery-place West, Bunhill-row. Established 1843. For 
 the relief of indigent and incapacitated tallow chandlers, 
 their widows, and others connected with the trade. Can- 
 didates for relief must be above sixty, unless totally inca- 
 pacitated, and not in the receipt of more than X30 (males), 
 and £20 (females), and must be recommended by subscribers ; 
 if approved of, their election is decided by ballot, at ap- 
 pointed periods. One guinea annual, or ten guineas dona- 
 tion, constitutes a governor, with privilege of voting. 
 
 This institution, young as it is, presents much for imita- 
 tion to wealthier and old-established funds of a similar 
 nature ; its relief is not restricted to members, and already 
 has distributed £916 amongst its objects of charity. There 
 are about forty pensioners on its funds. 
 
 President, John Cattley, Esq. — Treasurer, Thomas Famcomb, 
 Esq., Alderman. — Bankers, Bank of England.— Secretary and 
 Collector, Mr. Joseph North, 8, Artillery-place West, Bunhill-row. 
 
 BUILDERS' Benevolent Institution, 13, Broad-street, 
 Golden-square. Established 1847.' Is acccumulating a fund, 
 now amounting to £1,000 for the purpose of granting pen- 
 sions of £24 per annum to males, and £20 to females, being 
 members of any of the branches of the building trade, or 
 their widows. Also temporary relief to workmen in case of 
 
 1 The first instituted was in 1843, managed by Mr. Barber, late of 
 New Bridge street. 
 
289 
 
 ETON FUND, A.D. 1848 ^CUrftt ^IinBtifS. BLUESFUNDjA.D. 1824 
 
 accident, A separate fund is likewise raising, for the erec- 
 tion of an asylum. Candidates who have been subscribers, 
 are entitled to a proportionately extra number of votes. 
 
 President, Hugh Biers, Esq. — Treasurer, Mr. George Bird, 38, 
 Edgware-road. — Secretary, Mr. Alfred G. Harris. — Bankers, Sir 
 Samuel Scott and Co. — Collector, Mr. Edward Herbert, 48, Lisson- 
 grove North. 
 
 A Provident Institution for builders' foremen has lately 
 been instituted. Secretary, Mr. W. AUard. 
 
 THE GARDENERS' Benevolent Institution, 97, Farring- 
 don-street. Commenced 1843. Is for the benefit of its mem- 
 bers and others belonging to the trade, similar in its details 
 to previous funds of the same character. 
 
 Patrons, Earl of Ellesmere ; Lord Brackley. — Secretary, Mr. 
 Edward R. Cutler, 97, Farringdon-street. Also ; 
 
 THE CURRIERS' Benevolent Institution, 39, Great 
 Bland-street, Dover Road, Borough. Commenced 1848. 
 Patron, Lord Robert Grosvenor. — Secretary, Mr. H. H. Tapscott. 
 
 ETON BENEVOLENT FUND, 16, Hanover-street. 
 Established 1848. Is for the support and assistance of old 
 Etonians, whom ill health or misfortune has deprived of the 
 means of livelihood. The Committee of Management meet at 
 the Office of the Etonian and General Life Assurance and 
 Endowment Society, 16, Hanover-street, Hanover-square, 
 every Wednesday, at half-past three, when claims for relief 
 will be received and investigated. And as one of the ob- 
 jects of the institution is the investigation of cases, old 
 Etonians, whether supporters of the fund or not, may refer 
 claimants for charity to the committee, who will take all care 
 that relief is properly administered. 
 
 Bankers, Messrs. Bouverie, 11, Haymarket. — Honorary Secre- 
 tary, W. Pickering, Esq. 
 
 BENEVOLENT SOCIETY OF BLUES, Newgate- 
 street. Instituted 1824. For the relief of persons educated 
 at Christ's Hospital, their widows and orphans, by pensions, 
 or weekly allowances, to the aged, infirm, and distressed ; 
 also small loans, to be returned by fixed instalments, as the 
 funds of the society may allow. 
 
 Since its commencement, 600 applicants have experienced 
 the Society's aid ; jt'900 having been advanced in loans, 
 £3000 in gifts, and .£2500 in pensions ; these latter are 
 
 19 
 
290 
 
 THE FOUNDLING Cljarrtalilg Imflt .^nrifc. fund, a.d. i84o 
 
 permanent, being limited to the amount of dividends ; the 
 present number of pensioners is 18. 
 
 Ten guineas donation from governors of the hospital, or 
 others approved of by the directors, constitutes a life go- 
 vernor with two votes at elections. 
 
 Patron, the Queen. — President, Charles Few, Esq. — Treasurer, 
 John Smith, Esq., 49, Long- Acre. —Hon. Secretary, J. A. L. Bar- 
 nard, Esq. — Collector, Mr. Francis Jesse, South Sea House, 
 Threadneedle-street. — Bankers, Messrs. Robarts, Curtis, and Co. 
 
 FOUNDLING BENEVOLENT FUND, Hospital, 
 Guildford-street. Established 1840. It must be obvious, that 
 if such societies have been beneficial, as connected with 
 other charitable institutions, a similar fund must be pecu- 
 liarly useful at the Foundling Hospital ; for, as the objects 
 of its care are destitute of all natural ties, it is only to such 
 honourable assistance that the deserving foundling can look 
 in the hour of trial or trouble, to rescue him from the work- 
 house, or from actual want. The objects of the fund are to 
 grant annual pensions or weekly allowances, to such aged 
 and infirm persons as are considered deserving of assistance ; 
 to aflford temporary relief to the distressed ; to grant small 
 loans, to be returned by instalments; and to relieve the 
 widows and orphans of such as the funds of the society will 
 allow, A preference at all times is given to those who have 
 subscribed to the fund. The present income is little above 
 i£200 ; and this is distributed amongst the most deserving 
 of the applicants. The funded property is ^2,100 : with 
 this exception, it entirely depends upon voluntary contribu- 
 tions. Honorary Secretary, John Brownlow, Esq. 
 
291 
 
 il^hratiuEal Cliaritijs. 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL CHARITIES FOE ORPHANS 
 AND OTHER NECESSITOUS CHILDREN. 
 
 General Statement of Asylums; their Number, Income, and Extent. 
 Orphan Asylums ; — The Clergy. — Female Orphan. — Orphan Work- 
 ing. — London. — British. — Adult. — Infants. — Cliolera. — Agricultural. 
 — And Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans. General Asylums ; St. Anne's. — 
 Bancroft's. — Raine's. — The Ladies'. — For training Servants. — French 
 Protestant. — Welsh. — Caledonian. — St. Patrick's. — Westmoreland. — 
 Yorkshire. — Masonic. — Travellers'. — Victuallers'. — And Naval and 
 Marine. Parochial Schools : their Origin, Benefits, and present Ex- 
 tent. — Examples afforded. Schools of Local Character, or specified 
 objects : Germans. — Associated Catholic. — Irish Schools, — and Jewish 
 Charities. 
 
 No instance of suffering, and no extremity of human need, 
 is more calculated to excite the best sympathies of our na- 
 ture, or meet with a readier response of benevolent exer- 
 tion, than the claim of " the fatherless, and them that have 
 no helper." Upon the claims of orphanhood, a popular 
 modem writer observes — " An infant without friends is of all 
 created things the most helpless : it has a positive claim upon 
 all Christendom ; it was one of our Lord's great commands, 
 that little children should come unto Him ; and why 1 Be- 
 cause, ' of such is the kingdom of Heaven.' Surely there 
 are none who profess His faith who could turn from a little 
 child in the hour of its bereavement... was there ever a child 
 bom — no matter how humble — around which hope did not 
 cling 1 "Who can tell what may be, or may not be, the des- 
 tiny of the poorest orphan that gropes its way through a 
 bitter world ? — and whatever sphere it may move in, whe- 
 ther high or low, it must have duties to perform, a crucified 
 
292 
 
 GENERAL jtorfllinnal Clrarifeg. remarks. 
 
 Saviour to believe in, a God to glorify, a Heaven to gain. I 
 can hardly look upon the case of an orphan as a charity ; it 
 is a duty ! we can all spare something to lead these bereaved 
 children through time, and prepare them for eternity." 
 
 And great are the opportunities of usefulness developed by 
 the operations of our orphan asylums, and great is the privi- 
 lege of supporting them. It appears a matter of much thank- 
 fulness, that, amidst all our other schemes of charity and 
 mercy, and many measures for extending national education, 
 that cause which is especially commended to us by Christian 
 precept, and annexed to which there are so many gracious 
 promises, has prospered and advanced in an eminent degree. 
 
 Out of the fifteen orphan asylums that now adorn our city, 
 no less than ten have been founded since the commencement 
 of the present century, and these the largest and most libe- 
 rally supported. The other asylums, for maintaining chil- 
 dren of reduced and necessitous parents, will likewise be 
 found to have increased in a similar proportion. 
 
 Gratifying as this fact is as an aggregate one, there is a 
 source of still greater satisfaction to be derived from a care- 
 ful consideration of their respective details : a perusal of the 
 various reports cannot fail to impart the conviction, that the 
 plans pursued, in almost every instance, prove them to be 
 not only beneficial to the immediate objects of their bounty, 
 but to society at large. 
 
 The following is the summary of Orphan Asylums : — 
 
 One for orphan children of clergymen ; 3 for 
 female children ; 2 for infants ; 3 for general 
 age of eight years ; 1 for adults ; 1 for cho- 
 lera orphans ; 4 for orphans of soldiers and 
 sailors. — Total . . . . 15 
 
 Also 1 in contemplation for the poorer classes 
 (the agricultural), 
 of these, 14 are supported by an aggregate 
 
 income of ... . J39,926 
 
 including amount derived from voluntary 
 
 contributions, of . . . ^£28,623 
 
 maintaining orphan children, at present 
 time, to the number of 1,811, besides 
 350 at the Military Asylum (the annual 
 income of which is not included in the 
 above).— Total . . . 2,161 
 
293 
 
 CLEEGT OEPHAN (ll)r|l|lHIl ^SljllIinS. SOCIETY, A.D. 1749 
 
 Asylums for necessitous children, whether or- 
 ph9,ns or not : — 
 Three for general objects ; 1 for girls ; 2 for 
 training servants ; 7 for children of specified 
 parentage ; 2 for navy and marine; 1 French 
 Protestant.— Total . . . . 16 
 
 the aggregate annual income of 16 of 
 which (excepting the Royal Faval 
 Schools) amounts to . . . ;£41,089 
 
 including voluntary contributions . .£26,843 
 
 maintaining children at present time to 
 the number of 1,439 ; besides Royal 
 Naval Schools, 800.— Total , . 2,239 
 
 The foregoing includes only such institutions as afford 
 maintenance, clothing, and education ; and are exclusive of 
 parochial and merely local establishments : of such, how- 
 ever, it will be seen, several are described, also a complete 
 account of Jewish charity schools. 
 
 INCORPORATED CLERGY ORPHAN SOCIETY, 
 
 St. John's- wood, Marylebone. Formed 1 749, and incorporated 
 1809, under the title of " The Governors of the Society for 
 clothing, maintaining, and educating poor Orphans of Cler- 
 gymen of the Established Church, in that part of the United 
 Kingdom called England, until of age to be put apprentice." 
 The number of children upon the establishment has been 
 gradually increasing from eighty to about one hundred and 
 forty — seventy boys and seventy girls. The funds of the 
 charity, although dependent to some extent on public sup- 
 port, have been augmented by valuable bequests from time 
 to time, until they had attained a satisfactory condition : 
 the largest benefactors were Mrs. Cam, Lady Grant, Mrs. 
 Oswald, Mrs. Sutton, and others. Of late years, however, 
 the expenditure has exceeded the income ; and increased 
 support, it is to be regretted, is much needed. Two elec- 
 tions take place annually, one on the last Thursday in 
 
 ^ The education of the boys was at first conducted at Thirsk, in York- 
 shire, where the benefits were hmited, and ihe whole management appears 
 to have been otherwise objectionable. In 1805 the Corporation made an 
 advantageous purchase of property at Acton, where the establishment for 
 boys was long carried on ; but subsequently removed, in connexion with 
 the schools for girls, to the present desirable situation. 
 
294 
 
 FEMALE (gtotatinnai CljaritirH. orphan, a.d.i 758 
 
 February, and the other in May. Candidates must be be- 
 tween the ages of seven and twelve. 
 
 A special fund was established in the year 1826, called 
 the Clergy Orphan Apprenticing Fund, for the purpose of 
 assisting the children, when they leave the schools, in ob- 
 taining suitable situations. It is placed under the manage- 
 ment of the general committee : the treasurers of the society 
 being also the treasurers of this special fund. 
 
 President, Bishop of London.^ — -Physicians : Drs. Macleod, Gibbs, 
 and Burrows. — Surgeon, Thomas Copeland, Esq. — Master, Rev. 
 Daniel Butler, M.A, — Mistress, Mrs. Jones. — Treasurers : Rev. 
 J. Russell, D.D., and J. H. Cancellor, Esq. — Collector, Mr. H. 
 Stretton, 67, Lincoln's Inn-fields. 
 
 ASYLUM for the Reception of FRIENDLESS and 
 DESERTED ORPHAN GIRLS, Bridge-road, Lambeth. 
 Instituted 1758 ; incorporated 1800. Is generally known as 
 " The Female Orphan Asylum" ; and the children peculiarly 
 its objects are orphan girls, the settlements of whose parents 
 cannot be ascertained. No child can be admitted who is 
 under the age of eight, or above the age of ten years ; nor, 
 as the children are to be constantly employed in the several 
 offices of good housewifery, in order to qualify them for do- 
 mestic servants, any diseased, deformed, or infirm child. 
 The necessary certificates and declarations are to be procured 
 by application at the asylum. Since its establishment, nearly 
 2,600 children have been wholly maintained, and appren- 
 ticed out or placed in service. The number usually in the 
 asylum is 150 : they are well taught, and in accordance 
 with the principles of the Church of England ; also trained 
 in strict habits of economy and cleanliness ; and the asylum 
 derives an annual amount of about £50 for needlework done 
 by them. The annual expenditure is about £3,500, which 
 is well covered by the receipts, derived from dividends and 
 voluntary contributions, the former amounting to nearly 
 £2,000 per annum. 
 
 The elections are half-yearly, in June and December, and 
 decided by the balloting papers of the governors; who are so 
 constituted by a contribution of one guinea annual, or ten 
 guineas at one time, and entitled to one vote. One hundred 
 guineas entitles to present one child, otherwise eligible. 
 President, the Duke of Cambridge, K.Gr. — Treasurer, Sir John 
 
 ^ This institution owes its establishment to the late Sir John Fielding. 
 
295 
 
 SCHOOL FOR <l!)r|i|jan feijliims. females, 1786-1839 
 
 Dean Paul, Bart. — Morning Preacher, Rev. J. Jessop, M.A. — 
 Evening Preacher, Rev. W. Curling, M.A. — Chaplain, Rev. S. R. 
 Cattley. — Physicians: Dr. Locock, Dr. Cursham. — Secretary, Mr. 
 William Davies.— Messenger and Collector, Mr. James Cole, 7, 
 York-row, Kennington-road. 
 
 SCHOOL of INDUSTRY for FEMALE ORPHANS, 
 9, Church-street, Paddington-green. Instituted 1786. For 
 the entire maintenance of bereaved and destitute orphans 
 between the ages of nine and twelve, preference being given 
 to those descended from respectable parents. The elections 
 ^re represented as taking place twice annually, in January 
 and July. Ten guineas donation, or one guinea annual, 
 constituting a governor, with one vote. But, although so 
 old an establishment, its operations appear restricted, and 
 partake more of a local character. 
 
 Treasurer, Thomas Cahusac, Esq., 6, Maida-hiU. — Collector, 
 Mr. W. Whitehead, 56, High-street, Portland-town. — Matron, 
 Mrs. Clarke. 
 
 BAYSWATER EPISCOPAL CHAPEL FEMALE 
 ORPHAN SCHOOL. Established 1839. For the main- 
 tenance and instruction of from fifteen to twenty female or- 
 phans, who have completed their ninth year. Candidates 
 must be approved of by the committee, chosen by election, 
 upon declared vacancies. The expenditure is under £250 
 per annum, the charity being a limited one, and its benefits 
 local. The income depends on voluntary contributions, ex- 
 ceeding the expenditure. 
 
 One guinea annual, or ten guineas donation, constitutes a 
 governor, with one vote. 
 
 President, Rev. C. Smalley, M.A. — Honorary Secretaries: 
 Rev. C. SmaUey, jun., 12, Orme-square ; F. Crafer, Esq., 85, 
 Bedford-place, Kensington. — Honorary Surgeons, John and James 
 Merriman, Esqrs., Kensington-sq. — Matron, Mrs. Ann Manger. — 
 Collector, Mr. Edward Oliver, 40, Queen's-road. 
 
 ORPHAN WORKING SCHOOL, Haverstock HiU;i 
 oflice, 19, Gresham-street, City. Instituted 1758 ; incorpo- 
 
 ^ This institution, almost the first of its kind in England, was ori- 
 ginated at the George Tavern, Ironmonger-lane ; founded at Hoxton, 
 removed to City-road, and enlarged in 1773; further enlarged in suc- 
 ceeding years, until removed to the present commodious estabhshment in 
 1846, erected at a total cost of about ;£20,000. To the present time the 
 charity has extended itself tenfold gince its first formation. Much of its 
 present prosperity can be traced to the persevering exertions of the pre- 
 sent secretary on its behalf. 
 
296 
 
 ORPHAN WORKING (BimtatillllHi CtjadtitS. SCHOOL, A.D. 1758 
 
 rated 1848. This charity was founded for the reception of 
 twenty orphan and other necessitous children of both sexes, 
 of every religious denomination, and frona all parts of the 
 United Kingdom. There are now upwards of two hundred 
 children in the schools, and there is accommodation altoge- 
 ther for two hundred and fifty, when the funds will admit of 
 their reception. The amount of income required for present 
 disbursements is nearly ^4,000 ; £1,800 of which is derived 
 from dividends and rents, the remainder depending on volun- 
 tary contributions, which as yet appear to require consider- 
 able increase. 
 
 Candidates are eligible between seven and eleven years of 
 age, provided they are in good health, and "have neither been 
 prisoners nor paupers." The children are educated, clothed, 
 and wholly maintained until they are fourteen, the girls, in 
 some cases, until they are fifteen years of age, when they axe 
 apprenticed or placed out in some service, with a premium 
 or outfit of the value, to the boys of £5, to the girls of 
 .£3. 3s. ; and further, to encourage them to persevere in good 
 conduct, they are annually rewarded in sums varying from 
 5s. to 21s., according to the length of service. 
 
 The education of the children combines portions of the 
 British and National Schools systems, with such improve- 
 ments as the committee can introduce. The girls, in addi- 
 tion to the usual routine of education, make most of their 
 own clothing, and a portion of that of the boys, and take 
 their part in the domestic duties of the house, so as to fit 
 them for service when they leave the school. The elections 
 occur during the last week in the months of April and No- 
 vember. If unsuccessful at one election, the votes are car- 
 ried forward to the credit of the candidate. Printed forms 
 of petition are supplied, with lists of the governors, to all 
 who are interested in elections. 
 
 The annual subscription of a governor is one guinea and 
 upwards ; for life, 10 guineas and upwards : of a subscriber, 
 10s. 6d. ; for life, 6 guineas. The subscriber has the right 
 to vote only at elections ; the governor, to vote at all general 
 courts of governors, to nominate candidates, and to visit the 
 institution and introduce visitors any day he pleases ; but 
 an order for visiting is granted to any respectable person who 
 desires to see the institution. 
 
 President, John Remington Mills, Esq., Englefield-green, Surrey. 
 — Treasurer, Thomas Merriman Coombs, Esq., Ludgate-street. — 
 
297 
 
 THE LONDON (lI)r|l|iaE ^SljIUmS. asylum, A.D. 1813 
 
 Secretary, Joseph Soul, Esq., Boxworth-grove, Islington. — Col- 
 lector, Mr. James Harrison, 21, Doris-street, Kennington-cross. 
 — Bankers, London Joint Stock Bank, Princes-street. 
 
 LONDON ORPHAN ASYL UM, Clapton ; office, 10, St. 
 Mary Axe. Instituted, 1813, for the maintenance, clothing, 
 and education of destitute orphan children of either sex, 
 from every part of the kingdom. Children whose parents 
 have been in respectable circumstances, and children whose 
 parents lost their lives in the army, navy, or marine service 
 in general, and whose parish settlement cannot be ascer- 
 tained, are highly eligible to receive the aid of this charity. 
 A child having a father-in-law, is not eligible, neither are 
 those who have been inmates of the workhouse, except under 
 very peculiar circumstances. No child can be admitted, 
 who, on the day of election, is under the age of seven, or 
 above the age of eleven. 
 
 The number of children reported at the last meeting, was 
 397 ;i and 1,764 is the total number that have been admitted 
 and provided for. 
 
 One guinea annual, or ten guineas as a life subscription, 
 constitutes a member, with one vote at elections of children. 
 
 The elections are half-yearly, — the fourth Mondays in 
 January and June. Votes of unsuccessful candidates are 
 carried on to the two subsequent elections. About three 
 hundred votes generally secure an election. 
 
 The total amount of annual expenditure is above ,£8,000, 
 mainly depending on voluntary contributions ; which 
 amounted, last year, to ^6,508 ; and the remainder is de- 
 frayed by the dividends, <fec.; the funded property is under 
 J20,000. 
 
 Treasurer, William Thompson, Esq., Alderman, M.P. — Hono- 
 rary Secretaries : Rev. T. P. Wright, M.A.; Rev. C. Mackenzie, 
 M.A. — Chaplain and Master, Rev. Robert Heath, M.A. — Physi- 
 sian, John T. Conquest, M.D., P.L.S. — Surgeon, Hector Gavin, 
 M.D., F.R.C.S.E., Hackney-road. — -Sub-Secretary, Mr. James 
 Rogers. — Collector, Mr. C. H. Smart. 
 
 ^ A detailed statement has lately been published by the Society, ap- 
 pended to the last report, showing the average annual amount per head 
 of the various expenses, for several years past ; and the expenses of last 
 year, for 378 children, averaged as follows : Provision, fuel, and washing, 
 ^10 18s. 6d.; clothing, ^es 10s. 5d.; salaries and wages, ^3 2s. 2d.; re- 
 pairs and all other expenses, ^£3 13s. 4d.; outfit and rewards on leaving, 
 £\ 9s. lOd.: total, per each child, ^£22 14s. 4d. 
 
298 
 
 THE BRITISH (Biiiiriitiniial CljiiritiBS. orphan, a.d. 1827 
 
 BRITISH ORPHAN ASYLUM; Asylum, Clapham- 
 rise; office, 11, Abchurch-lane. Established 1827. Main- 
 tains and educates destitute children of both sexes, who 
 are really or virtually orphans, descended from respectable 
 parents ; " training them in habits of industry and frugality, 
 and in the principles of Christianity and virtue." No child 
 can be a candidate for this institution, whose father is not 
 dead, or paralytic, totally blind, or an incurable lunatic; 
 and whose mother, if living, is able to provide for it. No 
 child is admitted, who will be, on the ensuing day of elec- 
 tion, under seven or above twelve years of age ; or who has 
 been, at any time, an inmate of a parish workhouse. 
 
 The average number of children under training is 94, — 
 57 boys and 34 girls. The total amount of expenses slightly 
 exceed ^2,000 a year, depending on voluntary contributions, 
 with the exception only of about ^100 from dividends; the 
 whole of the funded property being under ^4,500. 
 
 One guinea per annum, or ten guineas donation, constitute 
 a governor, with one vote for every such subscription, at all 
 elections. Two elections take place in the course of the 
 year, — on the third Mondays in January and July. 
 
 Attendance is given at the office every day but Saturday, 
 from 1 1 to 3 o'clock. 
 
 Treasurer, John Deacon, Esq. — Physicians : Thomas Hodgkin, 
 M.D. ; Robert Dickson, M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, Alfred M. 
 Eandall, Esq. — Surgeon, Benjamin Swete, Esq. — Architect, Thos. 
 Marsh Nelson, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries: Rev. John Davis, 
 A.B., Lee Hill, Lewisham ; Rev. Charles Kemble, A.M., Mon- 
 tague-place, Clapham-road ; Rev. Robert Bickersteth, A.M., 
 Clapham-rise. — Secretary of the Ladies' Committee, Mrs. Richard 
 Smith, Palatine House, Stoke Newington. — Assistant Secretary, 
 Mr. Francis Crew, 60, Lamb's Conduit-street. — Collector, Mr. 
 James Leach, 12, President-street Eaat, Goswell-road. 
 
 ADULT ORPHAN INSTITUTION, St. Andrew's- 
 place, Regent's-park ; instituted 1818.1 Founded for the 
 
 ^ Founded by Mrs. Sophia Williams, the originator of" The Old School 
 of Industry," Cheltenham ; and its first design, in 1818, was " in memory 
 of her late Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte of Wales and Saxe 
 Cohurg." It was not then, however, carried out on the extensive'scale in- 
 tended, and the plan was only in part effected by the commencement of 
 the present school, June 1820, at 32 and 33 Momington-place. In 1823, 
 from the favourable opinion entertained of it by King George IV, a royal 
 subscription was commenced, of one hundred guineas a year; and tlie 
 erection of the present establishment commenced, from Nash's designs. 
 
299 
 
 ADULT, A.D. 1818. (ll)r|lljHn iHHl{lttm5> infant, a.d. I827 
 
 relief and education of the friendless and unprovided 
 orphan daughters of clergymen of the Established Church, 
 and of military and naval officers ; in the words of the 
 report, '' formed, not to educate children, but to finish the 
 educfltion of young women, and to forward them in their 
 way through Life." It receives and educates for situations 
 as governesses in private families, or assistants in schools, 
 such a number of wards, of the abovementioned description, 
 as its circumstances and resources will permit ; of whom a 
 portion are received gratuitously, and the remainder con- 
 tribute a certain small sum annually, towards defraying the 
 expenses of the establishment. No young person is admitted 
 under the age of fourteen, or above seventeen ; and none 
 remain after nineteen. The number generally averages from 
 seventy to eighty, divided into senior and junior wards. 
 
 The annual income is inadequate for the present expenses, 
 and has been so for some few years, leading to the alternative 
 of sacrificing a portion of the funded property each year ; 
 the total amount required is but little more than ,£2,000 
 per annum, and of that ,£500 is derived from the wards' 
 payments and dividends ; so that it is to be hoped that the 
 remaining £1,500 will be met by increased voluntary con- 
 tributions, the funded amount being reduced to £3,000. 
 Contributors to the funds of the institution are entitled to a 
 certain number of votes for the election of wards, according 
 to the following scale, viz. : — Donors of £5, and annual 
 subscribers of one guinea, to one vote ; £10, two votes ; and 
 an additional vote for every additional £10. Applications 
 for governesses from the institution, and communications 
 respecting the admission of candidates and election of 
 wards, are to be addressed to Mr. Jesse, at the house of the 
 institution. 
 
 Patron, the Queen. — Visitor, Bishop of London. — Trustee, Lord 
 Kenyon. — Treasurer, Rear-Admiral Bowles. — Clerical Superin- 
 tendents: Rev. J. E. Tyler, B.D. ; Rev. J. S.Anderson. — Hon. 
 Secretary, Rev. R. S. B. Sandilands, A.M. — Secretary, Mr. John 
 Jesse, South Sea House. 
 
 INFANT ORPHAN ASYLUM. Asylum, Wanstead ; 
 office, 46, Ludgate-hill ; instituted 1827 ; incorporated 1843. 
 The purpose of this charity is, to board, clothe, nurse, and edu- 
 cate in accordancewith the principles of the Church of England, 
 destitute children who are fatherless ; and receive them (if 
 necessary) from the very birth until completing their eighth 
 
300 
 
 INFANT ORPHAN f hUtatiHIial CjiaritoS, asylum, A.D. 1827 
 
 year, sustaining all the responsibilities of the parent until 
 they are eligible to enjoy the aid of those institutions which 
 receive the orphan at a more advanced age ; such as 
 the London Orphan Asylum, Clergy Orphan School, Orphan 
 Working School, Asylum for Female Orphans, Bancroft's, 
 St. Ann's School, and many others ; open to orphans after 
 seven years old : this, until the establishment of the next 
 named institution, was the only asylum open to them until 
 they have attained that age, and its protection has already 
 been extended to upwards of nine hundred children. No 
 case can be entertained which has been at any time in a 
 workhouse, except it has been there for temporary relief, 
 and has had respectable connexions ; every case is consi- 
 dered to have an especial claim on the friends of this charity, 
 in proportion as the former circumstances of the parents 
 have been respectable. No child can stand on the list which, 
 on the day of election, is less than three months, or more 
 than six years old. 
 
 The election of the children is vested in the subscribers, 
 and the elections are held half-yearly, on the last Mondays 
 in April and October. The votes polled by the unsuccessful 
 candidates are carried on to the next election, so that no 
 case, however friendless, can fail of ultimate success. The 
 new asylum lately erected at Wanstead,^ reflects great credit 
 on the committee, and is worthy of its purpose. It is in- 
 tended for the occupation of 420 children, and provides in 
 every way for their wants in sickness and in health. It has, 
 however, rarely contained more than three hundred, the 
 income of the charity having hitherto but too much fet- 
 tered its utility (the funded property is only about £2,000) ; 
 the earnestness, however, with which the benefits of the insti- 
 tution have of late been sought — the increasing lists of can- 
 didates for admission — and the consideration that a large 
 proportion of the current expenses will sustain no material 
 addition when the asylum is wholly filled, have encouraged 
 the committee to determine on an effort for immediately ex- 
 tending the benefits of the asylum, and trust to public libe- 
 rality to support them.2 The annual expenditure, according 
 
 ^ Wanstead is about six miles from London ; and tickets may be had, 
 to view the Asylum, for any Monday, upon application at the office. 
 
 2 This determination lias been confirmed by the recent sad addition to 
 the number of candidates, from the desolations of the cholera; and the 
 committee have judiciously and humanely carried their intention into 
 effect, by holding an extra election for the present year (virtually that 
 
i 
 
 301 
 
 NEW ASYLUM FOR d^rpjlHII SlStjlHIIIS. INFANTS, A.D. 1844 
 
 to last year's statement, is nearly £'8,000, an amount entirely 
 dependent on voluntary contributions, as the present divi- 
 dends are under £100 a-year. 
 
 Every half-guinea annually, or five guineas life-subscrip- 
 tion, entitles to one vote at each election for children, and 
 at the general meeting for business. Forms for nominating 
 candidates may be obtained at the office, where all commu- 
 nications must be addressed. 
 
 President, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurer, John Deacon, 
 Esq. — Sub-Treasurer, B. B. Cabbell, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Wil- 
 liams, Deacon, and Co. — Chaplain and Pastoral Superintendent, 
 Rev. W. P. Wigram, M.A. — Physician, Dr. Little, 10, Finsbury- 
 quare. — Consulting Surgeons : E. A. Lloyd, Esq., 14, Bedford- 
 row ; Francis Toulmin, Esq., Hackney. — Examining Surgeon, 
 Miles Beale, Esq., 41, Bishopsgate-within. — Surgeon, WiUiam 
 Henry Cary, Esq., Woodford. — Secretary, John Buckler, Esq. — 
 Collector, Mr. Robert Charlton. 
 
 NEW ASYLUM for INFANT ORPHANS, Stamford- 
 hill. Office, 32, Poultry. Founded 1844 ; for the same 
 objects as the last-named institution ; but, as a fundamental 
 principle of that is, that Church of England doctrines shall 
 be inculcated in the school, so this, to quote the words of its 
 rules, asserts that, " it shall be a rule absolute, beyond the 
 control of any future general meeting, or any act of incor- 
 poration, that whUe the education of the infant family 
 shall be strictly religious and scriptural, no denominational 
 catechism whatever shall be introduced, and that no par- 
 ticular forms whatever shall be imposed on any child, con- 
 trary to the religious convictions of the surviving parent or 
 guardian of such child." This institution likewise keeps the 
 children until eight years of age. The present number of 
 inmates is eighty-six ; the elections take place twice annu- 
 ally, — the third Mondays in January and June. The pre- 
 sent expenditure is under £2,000 a-year, but dependent on 
 voluntary contributions, the funded property being only 
 £1,300. Five guineas donation, or 10s. Qd. annually, entitles 
 to one vote at each election. 
 
 held in February last), so as to receive as many as 120 children in the 
 course of the year, — an instance of well-directed energy in the exercise 
 of charity, eventuating, as might be expected, in a large immediate acces- 
 sion to the funds, — besides extension of friends and subscribers. The ad- 
 dresses, issued at the time of the general thauksgiving, conveying the 
 notification of this contemplated step, together with pulpit exhortation, 
 brought in no less a sum than £8,000 ! 
 
302 
 
 CHOLERA HOME. (^iiiirHtifliiHl CtjarrtiM. and others. 
 
 Treasurer, Baron Lionel De Rothschild. — Sub-Treasurer, An- 
 drew Reed, D.D. — Honorary Secretaries : David D. Wire, Esq. ; 
 Rev. T. Aveling. — Bankers, Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, Tritton, and 
 Co. — Sub-Secretary and Collector, Mr. W. Strudwicke. 
 
 CHOLERA ORPHAN HOME, Ham, Richmond ; esta- 
 blished 1849. The occasion for this institution has been 
 caused by the lamentable course of the cholera in the past 
 autumn, — making many desolate ; and it will perhaps 
 scarcely last beyond the immediate necessity for it. (See 
 note to the Infant Orphan Asylum, page 300.) The premises 
 taken have been met with at a moderate cost, through the 
 benevolence of one individual, and will accommodate one 
 hundred. It is intended, for the present, for the reception 
 of orphan girls who have lost both parents, and for boys, 
 when funds will allow. One child will be supported for every 
 additional amount of .£10 10s. annually. 
 
 Should the attempt meet with public support, it will be 
 continued under the title of " The National Orphan Home." 
 
 Treasurer, J. M, Morgan, Esq., 12, Stratton-street. — Secretary, 
 Rev. Joseph Brown, Christchurch, Blackfriars-road. 
 
 THE AGRICULTURAL ORPHAN SCHOOL is a con- 
 templated institution, purposing the industrial training of 
 orphan children "of the poorest class" in agricultural occu- 
 pations, providing for them, in after life, the means of emi- 
 gration, &c. It will have been observed, that most of the 
 preceding asylums exclude the very poorest, or such as have 
 been the inmates of a workhouse. The scheme has the 
 approval of the Bishop of London ; and an influential list 
 of directors has been already formed. Prospectuses, and 
 other information, may be obtained of the Honorary Secre- 
 tary, Rev. W. Denton, Vicarage, Hoxton-square. 
 
 ROYAL MILITARY ASYLUM, Chelsea. Established 
 1801. For the orphan children of soldiers of the regular 
 army of Great Britain, of whom three-hundred and fifty are 
 maintained, and instructed on the National Education Sys- 
 tem. Consists of three departments : the normal school, for 
 training schoolmasters for the army; the model, and the 
 infant schools. The school is often known by the name of 
 the " Duke of York's." The present building, which was 
 erected by Mr. Copeland, had its first stone laid by his late 
 Royal Highness. The establishment is conducted strictly 
 according to military discipline. Friday is the best day for 
 
303 
 
 MILITARY, A.D. 1801 d^rpijEE f^SljlHHIS. seamen's, A.D. 1827 
 
 viewing the children parade, with their military band. Open 
 from ten o'clock till four; dinner hour, one. Under the 
 superintendence of a military commission, of whom the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief is the president. 
 Chelsea College, see page 215. 
 
 Commandant, Colonel P. Brown. — Adjutant and Secretary, 
 Lieut. J. E. Addison, 70th foot. — Quartermaster, Mr. W. Cousins. 
 Surgeon, T. Graham Balfour, M.D.— Chaplain, Rev. W. S. 0. 
 Dusautoy. 
 
 MERCHANT SEAMEN'S ORPHAN ASYL UM, New 
 Grove, Bow-road. Instituted 1827, Office, 98, Gracechurch- 
 street. For providing clothing, maintenance, and education 
 for the destitute orphan children of seamen in the merchant 
 service ; — ultimately placing them in situations, either at sea 
 or on shore ; as far as may be practicable, where their princi- 
 ples may not be endangered, and the prospect of an honest 
 livelihood secured. Age of admission, seven to eleven years, 
 and continue until fourteen. One hundred and ten children 
 now in the asylum ; their religious training is according to 
 the Established Church. The annual disbursements for the 
 support of the institution amount to £2,000 per annum, 
 depending, aU but .£150, upon voluntary contributions, 
 which appear at present to be only just sufficient for the 
 purpose. The funded property is only £5,416. 
 
 Ten guineas at one time, or one guinea annually, consti- 
 tutes a governor, entitled to one vote at general meetings, 
 and election of children into the asylum, which takes place 
 on the last Monday in February and August. Every owner 
 or master of a ship, collecting from the crew to the amount of 
 one guinea annually, is entitled to the same privilege. Each 
 child, to be elected, must obtain 250 votes at the least, and 
 unsuccessful votes are carried on to the three following 
 elections. 
 
 President, Sir J. Graham, Bart., M.P. — Treasurer, Captain 
 Henry Nelson. — Chaplain, Rev. Henry Rendall, M.A. — Hon. 
 Secretary, George S. Clarke, Esq. — Secretary and Collector, Mr. 
 Richard Geddes. — Bankers, Bank of England. — Matron, Mrs. 
 Bailey. — Schoolmaster, Mr. Price. — Schoolmistress, Miss Abbott. 
 
 SAILORS' ORPHAN GIRLS' EPISCOPAL SCHOOL 
 and ASYLUM, 29, Cannon-street-road, St. George's, East. 
 Instituted 1829. Forty orphans are daily instructed and 
 clothed, whilst twenty of them are in the house, and wholly 
 
304 
 
 sailors' ORPHAN. l£jlliralillllfll CljaritipS. ST.ANN's asylum. 
 
 provided for ; which benefit, it is represented, woiild be most 
 gladly extended to all, were adequate means placed in the 
 hands of the managers. The instruction given is purely 
 scriptiiral, the Bible being the basis of all ; the children are 
 trained in the principles of the Established Church, and, as 
 far as possible, in such moral and domestic habits as are 
 likely to fit them for respectable service. Ten shillings and 
 sixpence annual, or five guineas donation, constitute a go- 
 vernor. The expenditure is very little above ;£500 per an- 
 num, but is entirely dependent on voluntary contributions. 
 
 Treasurer, Robert C. L. Bevan, Esq., Lombard-street. — Hono- 
 rary Secretary, Robert Sweeting, Esq., 29, Lombard-street. — 
 Ladies' Secretary, Miss Young, Denmark-hill, Surrey.— Governess, 
 Mrs. Sargent. — Collector, Mr. William John Hayden, 74, Great 
 Cambridge-street, Hackney-road. 
 
 ' THE SAILORS' FEMALE ORPHAN HOME, Sidney- 
 place, Cambridge-road. Instituted 1829. Is another school 
 for the same objects ; conducted, it would appear, on exactly 
 similar principles. The elections are half-yearly ; but the 
 number of orphans to be elected depends on the state of the 
 funds, which at present appear to be very limited. The total 
 amount of receipts last year was under £250, a sum very 
 inadequate to the requisite extension of the nimiber to be 
 maintained. Ten shillings annually, or £5 at one time, 
 constitutes a member, entitled to two votes for every such 
 subscription. 
 
 Treasurer, Robert Hanbury, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev. 
 John Tagg, M.A.; J. K. Arthur, Esq.^ — Collector, Mr. Edward 
 Cooke, 23, Princes-square, St. George's East. 
 
 ROYAL ASYLUM OF ST. ANITS SOCIETY, 
 Streatham, Surrey, and Aldersgate, London. Office, 2, 
 Charlotte-row, Mansion House. Instituted 1709.^ Educates 
 and wholly provides for the legitimate children of necessi- 
 tous parents, whether orphans or not ; more especially the 
 descendants of parents who have seen better days. The 
 present number of children in the asylum is 151 boys, and 
 76 girls, and 30 boys and 32 girls at the day-school, in 
 London : at the latter school they are only educated and 
 
 ^ Originally founded by the aid of the Society for Promoting Christian 
 Knowledge, in 1709, as a day-school. It was not until the year 1800, 
 that the country asylum was opened, and the addition made of maintain- 
 ing children. 
 
305 
 
 banckoft's,a.d.1758 (l^fliml SlSIjlllIIIS. kaine's, a.d. 1780 
 
 clothed. The annual expenditure exceeds £5,000 per an- 
 num ; and the receipts, from all sources, last year, as much 
 as ^6,400. The dividends realise J750, otherwise the whole 
 is dependent on the voluntary contributions. 
 
 One guinea or more annually, or 10 guineas or more in 
 one payment, constitutes a governor, entitled to votes at 
 each election of children into the asylum, and, in rotation, 
 to present a child into the day-school in town. Every go- 
 vernor has the right to nominate a candidate, boy or girl, 
 at each election, either from the children in the day-school, 
 or not ; but all children are required to be between the ages 
 of seven and eleven years. 
 
 A contribution of £120. 15s., when the child is between 
 the ages of seven and nine years, or £105 when the child is 
 between nine and eleven years, entitles the donor imme- 
 diately to place a child on the foundation at Brixton. The 
 elections are half-yearly, viz., on the second Thursday in 
 February and August, when, in addition to those elected on 
 the day's poll, two are elected with the highest number of 
 aggregate votes. 
 
 President, the Archbishop of Canterbury.- — Ladies' President, 
 the Duchess of Northumberland. — Treasurer, Matthias Attwood, 
 Esq., M.P., 27, Gracechurch-street.— Secretary, Edward Frede- 
 rick Leeks, Esq., 2, Charlotte-row, Mansion House.— Collector, 
 Mr. George Bleaden, 2, Charlotte-row. 
 
 BANCROFTS HOSPITAL ^CiTOOX, Mile-end-road. 
 Founded 1758. For affording board, clothing, and educa- 
 tion to one hundred boys, from the age of seven to fourteen, 
 who are appointed upon presentation, in turn, of the mem- 
 bers of the court of assistants of the Drapers' Company, and, 
 at the close of their education, are apprenticed or put to 
 service. Forms for obtaining a boy's admission, and other 
 information, can be obtained at Drapers' Hall, Throgmorton- 
 street. For Almshouses and general account of "Hospital," 
 see page 220. 
 
 Head Master and Chaplain, Rev. Richard Thomas, M.A. — 
 Second Master, C. Dinham, Esq.— Matron, Mrs. Dinham. 
 
 RAIJVIPS CHARITY,St. George's-in-the-east. Founded 
 1736 ; incorporated 1780. Fifty boys are taught, from the 
 age of nine years, to read, write, and cast accounts, till they 
 are put out apprentices. And fifty girls are taken into the 
 school, at the age of eight years, forty of whom, when they 
 
 20 
 
306 . 
 
 THE ladies', 1702. (EintatinilHl CjlHrititS. bans town,1804 
 
 have continued therein four years, are removed into the 
 asylum, where they remain the same space of time, are en- 
 tirely maintained, and trained up for service ; and, after 
 the age of twenty-two years, six of them, producing certifi- 
 cates of their good behaviour during their servitude, conti- 
 nuing unmarried, and members of the Church of England, 
 draw lots twice a-year, for a marriage portion of £100, to 
 settle them in the world, with such honest and industrious 
 persons as the majority of the trustees shall approve of, who 
 must be inhabitants of this parish, St. John of Wapping, or 
 St. Paul Shadwell, and members of the Church of England ; 
 otherwise, Mr. Raine's will is, they should not receive the 
 ,£100. These charity schools have been the happy means of 
 making many children beneficial, who would otherwise have 
 been burthensome to society ; several reputable tradesmen, 
 and many honest faithful servants, have received their edu- 
 cation therein. Under the management of the Rector and 
 Lecturer of the parish, and other persons incorporated. 
 
 Chairman of the Board of Trustees, M. J. Perppingham, Esq., 
 17, Great Prescott-street. —Treasurer, James Richardson, Esq., 
 Wapping High-street. — Schoolmaster and Collector, Mr. Verrall. 
 
 THE LADIES' CHARITY SCHOOL, 30, John-street, 
 Bedford-row. Instituted 1702. For educating, clothing, 
 and wholly maintaining fifty-one poor girls, from all parts 
 of the United Kingdom, whether orphans or not ; and espe- 
 cially designed for those whose parents have moved in a re- 
 spectable sphere. Children are received between the ages of 
 eight and ten, and remain until the age of fourteen. Each 
 candidate must be recommended by a subscriber of at least 
 one year's standing ; have a medical certificate from the 
 surgeon ; and be furnished with certificate of baptism and 
 of parents' marriage. 
 
 The election takes place half-yearly, when all life sub- 
 scribers of 10 guineas, or annual subscribers of one guinea, 
 can vote. 
 
 Treasurer, John Masterman, Esq., M.P., 35, Nicholas-lane. — 
 Honorary Surgeon, Mr. Fisher, 15, John-street, who grants cer- 
 tificates on Tuesdays and Fridays, between 8 and 9. — Honorary 
 Secretary, Mr. George Hoby, 123, Mount-street, Berkeley-square. 
 — Collector, Mr. Cookworthy, 24, Castle-street, Falcon-square. 
 
 HANS TOWN SCHOOL of INDUSTRY, 103, Sloane- 
 street. Established 1804. For the purpose of training fe- 
 
307 
 
 ST. John's, a.d. 1842. iS^SljlUlIIS. pbench, a.d. 1747 
 
 male servants. Has just been removed to the present eligible 
 premises, where fifty boarders are maintained. Girls are 
 received from the ages of eight to sixteen, and are carefully 
 trained in the principles of the Church of England, and in- 
 structed in reading, writing, arithmetic, needlework, and 
 the various branches of domestic service. The income is 
 derived from voluntary contributions, payments on behalf 
 of children, and a small amount of dividends, amounting 
 together to ^650 ; the expenditure within that amount. 
 
 Annual subscribers of 6 guineas, or donors of .£50, paying 
 one guinea annually, have the privilege of nomination. A 
 child thus named pays £l. 5s. per quarter, for which sum 
 she is boarded and instructed, and places ultimately found 
 for those whose conduct is satisfactory. 
 
 Treasurer, George Carr Glyn, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Mrs. 
 Carey, 44, Cadogan-place. — Hon. Medical Attendant, R. Ellis, 
 Esq. — Matron, Mrs. West. — Collector, Mr. Troughton. 
 
 ST. JOHN'S SER VANTS SCHOOL, 22, New Ormond- 
 street. Established 1842. Boards, clothes, and educates one 
 hundred and thirteen female children, chiefly of the age of 
 fourteen or fifteen. The main object is to train them for good 
 and efficient household servants, by two or three years' care- 
 ful instruction. Some few are admitted as young as four or 
 five years of age, and some remain until eighteen. The 
 establishment is supported principally by payments from the 
 friends of the children, or by the benevolent on their behalf, 
 viz., for children above ten years, ^'12 a-year; under ten, 
 jG14 10s. a-year; or graduated payments, from £60 to£lOO,at 
 one time, according to age. The present successful position of 
 the school is owing to the exertions of its treasurer, who has 
 been a large donor to its funds, and makes up its annual de- 
 ficiency of receipts. The school has been twice enlarged, 
 and it is now proposed that a house shall be engaged at the 
 seaside, for the benefit of the inmates in turn. 
 
 Applications for admission to be made to the Hon. Mrs. 
 Baptist Noel, Hornsey ; the Hon. Mrs. Arthur Kinnaird, 35, 
 Hyde Park Gardens ; or to Mrs. Saxby, the matron. 
 
 Bankers, Messrs. Ransom and Co., 1, Pall Mall East. — Trea- 
 surer, the Hon. Arthur Kinnaird, 1, Pall Mall East. 
 
 WESTMINSTER FRENCH PROTESTANT ChariUj 
 School, Bloomsbury, Founded 1747. This establishment 
 
308 
 
 WELSH SCHOOL, (gtoratinnfli Cjiaritigs. a.d.itis 
 
 provides clothing, maintenance, and education, for a certain 
 number of girls, descendants of the French refugees. They 
 are taught to read and write French and English, and are 
 instructed in the principles of religion according to the doc- 
 trine of the Church of England. They are also taught the 
 elements of arithmetic, as well as the principal works of 
 their sex ; they make their own linen, and are by turns oc- 
 cupied in the house work. The children must have attained 
 the age of seven years before they are registered, and are not 
 eligible after the age of twelve years. 
 
 Twenty pounds paid in the course of a year, or one guinea 
 annually, constitutes a director, and gives the power of 
 always having one child on the list of admission. 
 
 President, the Earl of Radnor. — Treasurer, J. R. Vincent, Esq., 
 24, Norland-square, Notting-hill. — Secretary, Rev. J. Mudry, 21, 
 Abbey-place, St. John's- wood, Minister of the Church of England 
 French Protestant Church. 
 
 WELSH CHARITY SCHOOL,GT&fslnn-To&(l. Founded 
 1715 1 This charity is under the management and support 
 of " The Most Honourable and Loyal Society of Ancient 
 Britons." It entirely supports two hundred boys and girls,2 
 educating them in all the branches of good and pious learn- 
 ing, and training the boys in military exercises, thus calcu- 
 lating them for national as well as individual benefit. The 
 conditions of admittance are, that the parents must be born 
 in Wales or Monmouthshire, and produce evidence of the 
 legality of their marriage ; and the child born within ten 
 mUes of the Royal Exchange. Forms of application, to be 
 signed by at least two subscribers, and filled up with requi- 
 site particulars, can be obtained of the secretary. A board 
 of governors meet the first Thursday of every month, at the 
 school-house, at three o'clock in the afternoon, to consider 
 such applications. The age for admission is from eight to 
 
 ^ Incorporated 1846 ; originated 1714, in honour of the first birthday 
 of Caroline Princess of Wales, after coming to the title : the same being 
 St. David's day. 
 
 2 " Two hundred is the regular number, but during the past two years 
 the committee have determined to fill up only half the vacancies, in con- 
 sequence of the embarrassed state of the funds ; from the same cause, no 
 late report is supplied. The contemplated plan for leaving London has, 
 for the present, been abandoned. 
 
309 
 
 BOYAL CALEDONIAN, i^HljlHIIIH. A.D. 1816 
 
 ten years. 1,974 boys, and 553 girls, have been admitted 
 on the establishment, and wholly maintained. 
 
 President, Earl Powis. — Treasurer, Colonel Wood, of Littleton. 
 — Secretary, Mr. John James, School House, Gray's Inn-road. 
 
 ROYAL CALEDONIAN ASYLUM, Copenhagen-fields, 
 Islington. Incorporated 1815.1 For the children of soldiers, 
 sailors, and marines, natives of Scotland, who have served in 
 her Majesty's fleet or army, and died or been disabled while 
 in such service ; also of indigent Scotch parents, of whom 
 the father must have been born in Scotland, and have resided 
 in London not less than one year, or died during such resi- 
 dence. The children must have been born in wedlock, and 
 be perfectly free from any mental or bodily disease or infir- 
 mity ; at the time of election must not be under seven, nor 
 above ten years of age at the time application is made for 
 admission. They are wholly maintained until fourteen, 
 when they are apprenticed or otherwise provided for. The 
 elections take place twice annually, on the first Thursdays 
 in June and December, and are decided by the votes of sub- 
 scribers. 
 
 The funded property has been, within the last four years, 
 reduced upwards of £8,000, by quarterly sales of stock, from 
 the yearly increase of expenditure, in consequence of the 
 extension of the building for female children. The present 
 number in the asylum is seventy-two boys and forty-seven 
 girls ; and perhaps no set of children are calculated to afibrd 
 a more favourable opinion of the charity that maintains 
 them : the national dress and vigorous appearance of the boys 
 generally, greatly conduces to this. The boys' military band 
 is a justly admired one, and is often rendered available for 
 the festivals of kindred institutions. 
 
 One guinea annual, or 10 guineas donation, entitles to one 
 vote ; 100 guineas, for one child to be placed in the asylum. 
 
 President, the Duke of Buccleuch.- — Treasurers : Chas. Forbes, 
 Esq. ; Captain James Lament ; J. A. Simpson, Esq. — Physicians : 
 Alex. Tweedie, M.D. ; George Owen Rees, M.D. — Consulting 
 Surgeons: J. M. Amott, Esq.; Alexander Bain Chisholm, M.D. 
 — Surgeon, J. R. Ede, Esq. — Surgeon-Dentist, William A. N. 
 
 ^ This institution was founded, and originally managed, by the High- 
 land Society of London, 1808, but transferred to the subscribers in 1S14. 
 Opened, in 1819, in Cross-street, Hatton Garden; and removed to the 
 present building in 1828. 
 
310 
 
 ST. Patrick's (Etoratinnai Ctlflrife. SOCIETY, A.D. 1784 
 
 Catlin, Esq. — Superintendent and Secretary, Charles Renton, 
 Esq. — Collector, Mr. A. M'Kenzie, 8, Clayton-place, Caledonian- 
 road. 
 
 THE BENEVOLENT SOCIETY of ST. PATRICK, 
 Stamford-street, Blackfriars-road. Instituted 1784.^ Two 
 hundred girls, and three hundred boys, born of Irish parents, 
 in London and its vicinity, are entirely clothed and educated, 
 but not, as in the case of the Welsh and Scotch schools, main- 
 tained. Several of those of good character, however, are ap- 
 prenticed out. They are educated in the religion they have 
 been brought up in, and no religious controversy is allowed. 
 No child unless born in London, or its immediate vicinity, 
 and of Irish parents or parent, and not under seven or above 
 ten years of age, can be admitted. Recommendations must 
 be signed by three governors. The committee meet the first 
 Wednesday in each month, at the establishment. The finances 
 appear in a prosperous condition : the funded property 
 .£30,800 ; and the annual disbursements, of about £1,500, 
 fairly covered by the dividends therefrom, assisted by volun- 
 tary contributions of about £600, on the continuation of 
 which, however, this prosperity depends. 
 
 Twenty guineas constitute a governor for life, and three 
 guineas a governor for one year. 
 
 President, Prince George of Cambridge. — Treasurer, Edward 
 Thomas Bainbridge, Esq. — Inspectors of Schools and Apprentices : 
 T. H. Burke, Esq.; C. H. La Touche, Esq.— Physician, Dr. Bab- 
 bington. — Surgeon, Francis Kierman, Esq., Beaimiont-street. — 
 Apothecary, Lionel P. Kell, Esq. — Secretary, Edw. Hastings, Esq. 
 
 The accounts of The East London English S Irish Schools, 
 and The Associated Catholic Charities, occur towards the end 
 of this chapter. 
 
 WESTMORELAND SOCIETY, 18, Bread-street, Cheap- 
 side. Established 1746. The object of this society is the 
 clothing, maintaining, and educating of children, born in 
 
 ^ By amalgamation with a more ancient society, founded 1704, termed 
 the Irish Charitable Society, which distributed its charities until 1756, 
 and then suspended operations, leaving ^1,091 South Sea annuities stand- 
 ing in the names of the old trustees. This formed the nucleus of the 
 present institution. George IV contributed no less a sura than ^3,780 
 to this charity in his lifetime; and her present Majesty upwards of j£1,200 
 to the present time. 
 
311 
 
 YORKSHIRE ^SljlUlIIS. SOCIETY, A.D. 1812 
 
 London, or within twelve miles of the Royal Exchange, 
 whose parents, or either of them, were born in the county of 
 Westmoreland. None are eligible under eight or above 
 eleven years of age, continuing with the society until four- 
 teen, and, on leaving, a sum of £5 is applied for their benefit. 
 Twenty-six such children are wholly provided for by the 
 society, at an annual expense of £500. The whole num- 
 ber who have been maintained is two hundred and sixty- 
 nine. The funds appear to be fairly supported, and are 
 dependent on voluntary contributions to an extent of ^200 
 per annum. The funded property is about £12,000. 
 
 Ten guineas in one sum, or one guinea annual, constitutes 
 a governor, with one vote for every such subscription. Va- 
 cancies are generally declared at a meeting of the committee, 
 on the first Tuesday in January. Application must be made 
 to the Secretary for the form of petition, which is to be deli- 
 vered to him, with all required documents, before the end of 
 February. 
 
 President, Earl of Lonsdale. — Treasurer, Robert Addison, Esq., 
 Regent's-park. — Honorary Chaplain, Rev. John Miles, B.D. — 
 Honorary Surgeon, John Hunter, Esq., 19, Trinity-square. — Secre- 
 tary, Mr. James Burra, 19, Bread-street. — Collector, Mr. John 
 Thompson, 6, Clare Hall Cottages, Jamaica Level, Bermondsey. 
 
 THE YORKSHIRE SOCIETY'S SCHOOL, Westmin- 
 ster-road. Established 1812, for the education and entire 
 maintenance of boys, one of whose parents must have been 
 bom in Yorkshire ; have been in a respectable line of life, 
 reduced by misfortune, and resided for the period of three 
 years at least, within five miles of the Royal Exchange. No 
 boy is eligible whose parents have received parochial relief, 
 preference being always given to those whose fathers have 
 l3een members of the society. All applications for admission 
 into the school to be made to the Secretary. Age of admis- 
 sion, from eight to eleven ; and time taken care of, until 
 fourteen years old. The number of children at present in the 
 school, is, thirteen girls, and thirty-four boys ; from hence- 
 forth the former will be excluded from the benefits of the 
 charity, by an alteration in the regulations, which provides 
 for boys only. The expenditure has lately exceeded the 
 income ; the funded property being under i'8,000, and the 
 voluntary contributions proving inadequate ; last year the 
 amount was .£808, and the dividends £314, — leaving a defi- 
 ciency of nearly £200 under the regular expenditure. 
 
312 
 
 ROYAL MASONIC, (0^11111131 dlHtitiPS. *■■» 1 788 & 1798 
 
 One guinea annual constitutes a governor, with one vote 
 at all elections ; ten guineas at one time, a life governor, 
 with two votes. 
 
 Presidents : Earl Fitzwilliam, Earl Harewood. — Treasurer and 
 Consulting Physician, James Saner, M.D., 36, Finsbury-square. 
 — Hon. Secretary, Henry Tristram, Esq., 12, Bankside, South- 
 wark-bridge. 
 
 ROTA L FREEMASONS' SCHOOL for Female Children, 
 near the Obelisk, Westminster-road. Instituted 1788. En- 
 tirely maintains, clothes, and educates the female children 
 and orphans of reduced brethren. No child can be admitted 
 under eight, or above eleven, years of age, nor remain therein 
 after having attained the age of fifteen years ; and no peti- 
 tion can be received in behalf of a child who is under seven 
 and a half, or above ten and a half, years of age, except in 
 the case of a child whose parents are both deceased, in whose 
 behalf a petition may be received at six and a half years of 
 age, and who may be admitted at seven. No candidate can 
 be placed on the list for election, unless the petition has 
 been approved at least three months prior to the day ap- 
 pointed for the election, and the child have been religiously 
 instructed, and able to read the Scriptures. Six hundred 
 and sixteen children have been brought up by this charity, 
 and have conducted themselves to the satisfaction of the 
 governors in after life. 
 
 A subscription of one guinea per annum constitutes the 
 subscriber a governor, with the privilege of one vote. 
 
 President, Earl of Zetland, Pro. G.M. — Honorary Solicitor, 
 R. H. Giraud, Esq., 7, Fumival's-inn. — Secretary, Mr. Francis 
 Crew. — Matron, Mrs. Cook. — Collector, Mr. John Nicholls, 14, 
 Wells-street, Jewin-street, Cripplegate. 
 
 THE ROYAL MASONIC INSTITUTION for Boys; 
 office, 7, Bloomsbury-place, Bloomsbury-square. Instituted 
 1798; clothes and educates the sons of indigent and deceased 
 brethren, according to the situation in life they are most 
 probably destined to occupy, and inculcates such religious 
 instructions as may be conformable to the tenets of their 
 parents, and ultimately apprentices them to suitable trades. 
 Children of all religious denominations, and wherever resi- 
 dent, are eligible to be admitted candidates, from the age of 
 seven to ten, provided the fathers have been Masons three 
 years, duly registered in the Grand Lodge books, and con- 
 
313 
 
 victuallers', A D. 1803. £51{llIIIl3. travellers', a.d. 1847 
 
 tinued subscribing members to a Lodge for two years. Seven 
 hundred and one boys have been clothed and educated, and 
 seventy are now on the establishment. The expenditure is 
 about £700 per annum, which is fairly covered by the volun- 
 tary contributions, judging from last year's statement, — 
 besides the dividends from funded property, realising, at 
 present time, about £300 per annum. 
 
 One guinea constitutes an annual subscriber, with privi- 
 lege of being elected on the committee. Ten guineas dona- 
 tion entitles to two votes at all elections of the children. 
 
 President, Earl of Zetland. — Treasurer, Benjamin Bond Cabbell, 
 Esq., M.P. — Honorary Solicitor, R. H. Giraud, Esq. — Honorary 
 Surgeon, W. G. Thiselton Dyer, Esq., 23, Sackville-street'. — 
 Secretary, Mr. Augustus Union Thiselton, 7, Bloomsbury-place, 
 Bloomsbury-square ; where attendance is given every Saturday, 
 between the hours of ten and two. — Collector, Mr. G. Paradise, 
 44, Princes-road, Kennington. 
 
 LICENSED VICTUALLERS' SCHOOL, Kennington- 
 lane, Lambeth ; office, 127, Fleet-street. Instituted 1803, 
 for children of deceased and decayed licensed victuallers; 
 wholly maintaining an average number of 117 children, 
 and an entire number, since its establishment, of 1,143. 
 The total expenditure averages £3,000 per annum ; £2,600 
 of which was last year derived from subscriptions, and the 
 remainder from a small amount of dividends, assisted by 
 the profits of fetes, etc. The funded property is under 
 £5,000. Applications from the parents, relations, or friends 
 of children, properly qualified, will be received by the com- 
 mittee, at the school-house, in Kennington-lane, Lambeth, 
 and at the office. Subscribers are entitled to one vote for 
 the admission of children, for each guinea subscribed. 
 
 Governor, Mr. Long, Old Bailey. — Secretary, Mr. William 
 Smalley, 127, Fleet-street.— Solicitors, Messrs. Wire and Child, 
 9, St. Swithin's-lane. — Bankers, Messrs. Gosling and Sharpe. — 
 Consulting Physician, William W. Gull, Esq. — Surgeon, George 
 Olding, Esq., 159, High-st. Borough. — Shoolmaster, Mr. Reece. 
 — Schoolmistress, Miss Davies. 
 
 COMMERCIAL TRA TELLERS' SCHOOLS for Or- 
 phan and Necessitous Children, Wanstead ; office, 60, Bread- 
 street, Cheapside. Established 1847. Have only been in 
 existence for three years, yet in that short time the benefits 
 of education and entire maintenance have been extended to 
 
314 
 
 MARINE SOCIETY, f torKtinMl CjiHrilips. a.d. 1706 
 
 seventy orphans and necessitous children ; while the number 
 of subscribers and donors is upwards of four thousand. Fif- 
 teen additional boys have lately been admitted into the 
 schools ; the purchase of freehold property for an extensive 
 building, is contemplated ; and it is expected that the bene- 
 fits of the institution will eventually be extended to three 
 hundred boys and girls; but for this purpose a sum of 
 ^12,000 is stated to be required. Last year's cash statement 
 presents a most satisfactory prospect of the funds being well 
 supported : the expenditure, including many extra items, 
 was under ^3,500; whilst the receipts were, from volun- 
 tary contributions, ^5,244, and from dividends on property 
 already funded, ^345. The education afforded is essentially 
 on Church of England principles ; but the friends of children 
 have the option of requiring that the Assembly's catechism 
 be taught, if they prefer it. 
 
 The elections of the children are by ballot, in June and 
 December. They must be nominated by a governor on one 
 of the printed forms, and be between the ages of seven and 
 eleven ; and, when elected, remain until fourteen. Not more 
 than two children of the same father can be admitted, and 
 only one be elected at a time. An unsuccessful candidate 
 has the votes carried to his credit for the two next elections 
 only. One guinea annual, or ten guineas donation, consti- 
 tutes a governor, entitled to one vote at all elections. 
 
 President, John Masterman, Esq., M.P. — Treasurer, George 
 Moore, Esq., Bow Church-yard. — Physician, Dr. Jeaffi-eson, Fins- 
 bury-square. — Honorary Surgeon, Charles Ray, Esq., Gracechurch- 
 street. — House Surgeon, W. H. Carey, Esq., Woodford. — Hono- 
 rary Secretary, George Lawrence, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Alfred 
 Lench Saul, 60, Bread-street, Cheapside. — Bankers, the Bank of 
 England. 
 
 MARINE SOCIETY; office, 54, Bishopsgate-street. In- 
 stituted 1756;! incorporated 1772. For the equipment, 
 maintenance, and instruction of distressed boys for the royal 
 navy, the Indian navy, merchants' service, and the fisheries. 
 The society places out annually from two to three hundred 
 boys, chiefly in the merchant's service, after qualifying them 
 
 ^ Owes its origin to Sir John Fielding, the Duke of Bolton, and Jonas 
 Hanwa/, who, in 1756, collected a number of distressed boys, who were 
 clothed at the Duke's expense, and sent to serve on board H.M. ship 
 Barfleur, then under his graces command. 
 
^15 
 
 ROYAL NAVY, i51{lllin5. A.D. 1821 
 
 for the sea-service by a suitable education on board the soci- 
 ety's ship, the Venus, off Woolwich, from whence the masters 
 of vessels readily take them, as immediately useful on board 
 ship. Boys of a hardy, daring disposition are selected ; must 
 never have been guilty of theft, be received with the consent 
 of their parents, be between the ages of thirteen and seven- 
 teen, and stand four feet nine inches without shoes. Parish 
 boys, with such qualifications, received on payment of three 
 guineas. During the past year, 40 boys have been equipped 
 for the Indian navy, 209 for the merchant seavice, and 100 
 remain under training ; total number fitted out and pro- 
 vided for from first establishment to end of 1848, 48,350. 
 The support and continued prosperity of the society is well 
 provided for by its funded property, producing .£5,415 annu- 
 ally, besides which, ^730 is derived from duties and rents, 
 and above .£1000 from voluntary contributions. The dis- 
 bursements, according to the last cash statement, do not 
 exceed £5,500. 
 
 The society have also funds at their disposal to be applied, 
 in time of peace, to the apprenticing of poor girls ; bounty- 
 money for the relief of forty-three widows of navy captains 
 and lieutenants, elected annually ; and annuities to the suf- 
 ferers in the engagement under Lord Duncan, 1797. Appli- 
 cants to these funds must apply, either by letter or personally, 
 in the month of April, to the secretary, who will furnish the 
 requisite forms. 
 
 Qualification for a governor : a subscription of two guineas 
 annually ; or twelve guineas at one time. The annual court 
 is held in the month of February. Quarterly courts, Janu- 
 ary, April, July, and October. The committee meet every 
 Thursday at one o'clock, at the office. 
 
 President, Earl of Romney. — Treasurer, Henry Sykes Thorn- 
 ton, Esq., 20, Birchin-lane. — Chaplain, Rev. David Jones, B.D. 
 Honorary Physician, Dr. Black, 13, Bedford-square. — Hon. Con- 
 sulting Surgeon, James Luke, Esq. — Honorary Surgeon, George 
 Busk, Esq. — Surgeon, William Stuart, Esq. — Examining Surgeon, 
 James Sherwin, Esq. — Solicitor, John Young, Esq., 6, Sise-lane, 
 Bucklersbury.— Secretary, Mr. Thomas Plumstead Rust. — Assist. 
 Secretary, Mr. Samuel King. — Superintendent, Lieutenant Tho- 
 mas Eyton, R.N. — Schoolmaster, Mr. John Martin. 
 
 ROYAL NAVY ASYLUM, Greenwich. Instituted 
 1801. Incorporated with the Hospital, 1821. Occupies one 
 of the five pUes of building constituting the Royal Hospital, 
 
316 
 
 PAROCHIAL (Etoratinnal Cjiaritigs. schools. 
 
 and consists of an upper and lower school,^ with four hundred 
 boys in each; the former being the sons of officers and seamen 
 in the royal navy and marines, and in the merchant service, 
 — receiving a practical education in navigation and nautical 
 astronomy ; the latter consisting of the sons of seamen in 
 the royal navy, or of non-commissioned officers and privates 
 of the royal marines, — who are instructed in reading, writing, 
 and arithmetic, and other useful information. 
 For account of Greenwich Hospital, vide page 215. 
 
 Chaplain, Rev. George Fisher, M. A. --Master of the Nautical 
 School, Mr. Edw. Riddle. — Head Master, Upper School, Rev. 
 James Hill. — Head Master, Lower School, Mr. Edward Hughes. 
 
 Before bringing the present chapter to a close, reference 
 must of necessity be made to the numerous parochial and 
 local schools ; but we cannot do so with any attempt at 
 aflfording information respecting them as complete and 
 particular as, from the data before us, inclination would 
 prompt : limits forbid it, — especially as the usefulness of 
 such information may be deemed questionable, confined, as 
 the benefits of the schools are, to the immediate neighbour- 
 hood where they are known. In every parish there are one 
 or more schools known as the " parochial schools," founded, 
 and often endowed, by the liberality of individual inhabi- 
 tants: their dates are very generally about the middle of 
 the seventeenth century ; and, according to Rapin, derived 
 their institution from the desire of "preventing the seduction 
 of the infant poor into Roman Catholic seminaries ; 3 James 
 II, 1687."^ The original design, in most instances, was, appa- 
 
 ^ The Lower School was removed from Paddington to Greenwich, in 
 1807. It originated by an attempted fraud, in 1797, under the name of 
 " The British Endeavour," which ultimately resulted in the punishment 
 of its author by the defrauded subscribers, and the actual carrying out 
 of the plan under proper management. 
 
 * As Grammar Schools, many are of a much earlier date, as will be 
 seen in the next chapter : some, in course of time, becoming merely parish 
 schools; and others, by an accession of property, and concurrent advan- 
 tages, proving the future foundations of such establishments as Mercers', 
 Merchant Tailors', &c. 
 
 " Originally," Mr. Piatt states, " it must be supposed the schools of 
 London were exclusively dependent upon the religious houses to which 
 they were attached. A proof of the regular nature of the connexion is 
 to be found in the circumstances attending the gradual dissolution of the 
 
317^ 
 
 THE SOCIETY OF ^Hriir|jkl ^^rtHIlllS. PATRONS, A.D. 1701 
 
 rentljjto furnish not only instruction, but clothing and main- 
 tenance : these latter purposes have been, for many years 
 past, much encroached upon. In the general desire to extend 
 education, sad havoc has been made with the blue and green 
 parochial symbols of olden days ; in few institutions are 
 they now retained, and in fewer still is maintenance afforded, 
 and these only to a limited number. But there are excep- 
 tions ; and the more immediate purpose of the present chap- 
 ter being an account of school asylums for the necessitous, 
 it may be useful to include some of the principal of such 
 establishments, leaving further reference to such local and 
 district operations as are purely for educational purposes to 
 be comprehended under " Institutions for the General Ad- 
 vancement of National Instruction" — vide Chapter xvi. 
 
 Under the same subject will likewise be included Ragged 
 Schools, and London City Mission operations. 
 
 An account must first, however, be given of an institution 
 we had almost omitted to refer to, viz. — 
 
 THE PA TR0N8 of the ANNIVERSAR T of the Charity 
 Schools, established upon a very ancient foundation, 1704. 
 It comprises an association of treasurers, trustees, and sub- 
 scribers to charity schools, for the purpose of perpetuating 
 the anniversary meeting of the children of the charity schools 
 
 latter, from the time of Henry V." Stow, referring to the effect this pro- 
 duced upon education, points out that Henry II, to remedy the evil, 
 appointed tliat there should he Grammar Schools at St. Martin's-le-Grand, 
 St. Marylehone, Cheapside, St. Dunstan's in the West, and St. Anthony's 
 Hospital. The year following this ordinance, or in 1446, four other 
 Grammar Schools were added hy Pai'liament, namely, in the parishes of 
 St. Andrew's, Holborn; Allhallows the Great ; St. Peter's, Cornhill; and 
 St. Thoraas-of-Acon's Hospital, Cheapside. It may be doubted whether 
 this last measure proceeded beyond the stage of enactment; certain it is, 
 that, ten years later, we find four clergymen of the City petitioning Par- 
 liament for the power of providing each a Grammar School, " to ieach all 
 that will come." One of these was John Neal, the Master of St. Thomas- 
 of-Acon's. The petitioners complained, at the same time, that teaching 
 had become a monopoly, and observed : " Where there is a great number 
 of learners and few teachers, and all the learners are compelled to go to 
 the few teachers, and to none others, the masters wax rich in money, and 
 the learners poor in learning ; as experience openly showeth, against all 
 virtue and order of public weal." Mr. Piatt thinks that the school from 
 thence founded by Mr. Neil and his associates, formed the first founda- 
 tion of the present Mercers' School. 
 
318 
 
 WESTMINSTER (BJiiitatiniial Cjjaritrps. schools, 1633-91 
 
 of London, Westminster, Southwark, and environs ; and 
 " thereby encouraging and maintaining these schools, they 
 being a great support to the Protestant religion and estab- 
 lished Church of England." 
 
 The anniversary is held annually at St. Paul's Cathedral, 
 and the amount collected is equally divided between the 
 Clergy Orphan School and the necessitous charity schools 
 attending.^ The committee meet, at seven o'clock in the 
 evening, on the first Tuesday in February, March, April, and 
 May, at the London Coffeehouse, Ludgate-hill, to manage 
 the affairs of the society. 
 
 Two guineas or upwards constitute a patron for life, from 
 such as are subscribers to some one charity school ; and no 
 person can be a patron of the Anniversary unless he sub- 
 scribes to a charity school. Each patron has a church-ticket 
 for the Anniversary by applying to the Secretary for the 
 same, either personally or by an order in writing. 
 
 President, Marquis of Westminster. — IVeasurers : Wm. Gilpin, 
 Esq., Northumberland-street, Strand ; and Samuel Fisher, Esq., 
 Merchant Taylor's Hall, Threadneedle-street.— Bankers, Messrs. 
 Glyn, Halifax, Mills, and Co., Lombard-street. — Secretary, Mr. 
 Wm. Comwell, 81, Basinghall-street. 
 
 ST. MARGARErS HOSPITAL, Tothill Fields, West- 
 minster. Established and endowed 1633, by various benefac- 
 tors, and incorporated by charter of Charles I ; commonly 
 known as the " Green Coat School." The management is 
 vested in twenty governors, and is maintained for the benefit 
 of twenty-five children of St. Margaret's, Westminster, who 
 are educated, clothed, and wholly maintained by it. Appli- 
 cations to be made to the master of the school. 
 
 Treasurer, J. Burder, Esq. — Schoolmaster, Mr. J. G. Bruckner, 
 
 BLUB COAT SCHOOL, WESTMINSTER, Tothill 
 Fields, Westminster. Instituted 1688. No child can be 
 
 ^ The sum taken at the doors of St. Paul's last year, was £6&7 ; and 
 the expenses of the anniversary, including the scaffolding, repairs, etc., 
 £474. The subscriptions and donations, including £\(i from the Presi- 
 dent, ten guineas from the Lord Mayor, and £6(i from the Christian 
 Knowledge Society, amounted to ^6142 : the amount from dividends, 
 £192; which, after defraying the various expenses contingent on the 
 Society's management, etc., is about the amount generally divided : last 
 year, thus, — £45 to the Clergy Orphan School ; and £150 between ten 
 schools, in sums from £5 to twenty guineas each. 
 
319 
 
 GREY COAT, 1698. I^HriltlirHl ^tjinillS. BUBLINGTOX, 1699 
 
 admitted whose parents have not been resident either in the 
 parish of St. Margaret or St. John the Evangelist, one year 
 previous to the time of presentation, and residing therein at 
 the time of admission. No child can be admitted under the 
 age of seven, or above the age of ten years. Only one of a 
 family can be admitted at the same time. Two guineas an- 
 nually, or upwards, entitles to present a child for admission 
 into the school in rotation, as vacancies arise. 
 
 Trustees : C. W. Hallett, Joseph Carter Wood, J. L. Elliot, and 
 James Lys Seager, Esqrs. — Treasurer, J. L. EUiot, Esq. — Physi- 
 cian, Dr. Todd. — Surgeon, J. White, Esq. — Master, Mr. William 
 Steains. — Matron, Mrs. Steains. 
 
 THE GREY COAT HOSPITAL, Tothill Fields, West- 
 minster. Founded 1698, and reconstituted 1706. Educates 
 and maintains sixty-seven boys and thirty-three girls, whose 
 parents must have had a legal settlement in the united pa- 
 rishes of St. Margaret and St. John the Evangelist, West- 
 minster, for a period of seven years next preceding the ad- 
 mission of such child. No child is admitted unless it be of 
 the full age of seven years, and under ten. Three guineas 
 or upwards annually, or 30 guineas at one time, constitutes 
 the right of presenting or recommending children in rotation, 
 subject to the regulations, which may be obtained at the 
 hospital between the hours of 9 and 10 a.m. 
 
 President, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurer, J. C. Wood, 
 Esq. — Head Master, Mr. Edmund J. Grove.— Secretary, Mr. G. 
 Vincent. 
 
 THE BURLINGTON CHARITY SCHOOL, Burling- 
 ton School-house, Boyle-street. Instituted 1699, for teaching 
 60 girls belonging to, or residing in the parish of St. James, 
 Westminster ; and in 1725 extended, by the opening of the 
 present building, for the entire maintenance of 35 : this 
 number, by the great benevolence of the worthy inhabitants, 
 the trustees have been enabled, from time to time, to aug- 
 ment to one hundred and ten. Children are admitted into 
 this school from eight to ten years of age, and continue 
 therein to the age of fifteen ; during which time they are 
 taught to read, write, and cast accounts ; sew, mark, mend, 
 and make ; and do household, kitchen, and laundry work ; 
 being entirely maintained at the expense of the charity. 
 The income is derived from dividends, to the amount of 
 £554 ; and from contributions, collections, and children's 
 
320 
 
 MARYLEBONE,1750i£ilIItalilinal C^aritilS. Middlesex, 1781 
 
 work, nearly £800, aa amount but barely covering the ex- 
 penditure. 
 
 Applications for admission to be made at the school-house, 
 every Monday, at one o'clock. Admission is restricted to 
 the children of parishioners, or such as have resided in the 
 parish seven years, who can be recommended by subscribers, 
 preference being given to such as were married in the Esta- 
 blished Church, and the children baptised within one year of 
 birth. 
 
 Treasurer, William Aldous, Esq., 28, Argyll-street. —Secretary 
 and Collector, Mr. William Hewer, 22, Warwick-street. 
 
 CHARITY SCHOOL of the whole Parish of St. Mary-U- 
 bone, Devonshire-place North, New-road. Established 1750. 
 Maintains, clothes, educates, and qualifies for useful servants 
 one hundred and thirty-five girls, children of poor parishio- 
 ners, till the age of fifteen years, when they are placed out 
 to service. They then receive a bible and prayer-book ; and 
 a reward of two guineas is given, on bringing a testimonial 
 from their master or mistress of a two years' faithful service. 
 The committee of management meet the first Monday in 
 each month, at eleven o'clock. General meetings for the 
 election of girls on the 12th of May and 10th of November. 
 All subscribers have a vote for each guinea annual subscrip- 
 tion. 
 
 Treasurer, J. H. Pope, Esq., 39, York-place, Portman-square. 
 — Bankers, Sir S. Scott, Bart., and Co.^ — Secretary, Mr. John 
 Tweddell, School-house, New-road.— Mistress, Miss Cann. 
 
 The following are a few institutions that, notwithstanding 
 their partly local character, claim notice, either from their 
 position or distinctive features ; and including, as they 
 mostly do, the clothing of the objects of their charity, they 
 may legitimately be inserted under the present subject. 
 
 MIDDLESEX SOCIETY, for Educating Poor Children 
 in the Protestant Religion, atidfor Clothing tliem, — although 
 termed a Society, consists of a boys' and girls' schools only, 
 in Cannon-street-road, St. George's, instituted 1781, where 
 about 100 orphans, or other necessitous and destitute chil- 
 dren, who have no parochial settlement, are received, and 
 carefully instructed in the principles of the Protestant reli- 
 gion. About 4,000 children have been thus educated ; the 
 present number in the schools, is 70 girls and 30 boys, half 
 of whom are annually clothed. 
 
321 
 
 GEllMAN SCHOOL. JUrSl JlfhlllllS. ASSOC. CATHOLIC. 
 
 One guinea annually, or ten guineas at one time, consti- 
 tutes a governor, who is entitled to nominate a child. 
 
 Treasurer, Rev. W. Archer. — Trustee, Rev. W. Queckett, M.A. 
 — Collector, Mr. Bowles, 109, Upper Thames-street. 
 
 THE GERMAN SCHOOL, Savoy, Strand. Founded 
 1743. Is attached to the German Lutheran Church in the 
 Savoy, and affords education and clothing only to the chil- 
 dren of poor Germans, the number of whom varies from forty 
 to eighty. It consists of an establishment for boys, and one 
 for girls ; the former being instructed in German and Eng- 
 lish, in reading, writing, and arithmetic ; the girls in the 
 same, with the addition of needlework, particular attention 
 being paid to their religious instruction. Under the super- 
 intendence of the minister and churchwardens, for the time 
 being, of the German Lutheran Church, Savoy, Strand. It 
 is supported wholly by contributions ; and, as is represented, 
 stands greatly in need of support. 
 
 THE ASSOCIATED CATHOLIC CHARITIES, 16, 
 Great Windmill-street. Under this title is combined the 
 management and direction of the various charities for edu- 
 cating, clothing, and apprenticing the children of poor 
 Roman Catholics ; also one for orphans. Situated in various 
 parts of the metropolis, these charities, it is stated, educate, 
 and in part clothe, 1,500 children of both sexes. Applica- 
 tions for the benefits of any of the establishments must be 
 addressed to the committee, to the care of the secretaries. 
 The general committee meet quarterly; the rotary and 
 finance, monthly. 
 
 President, Duke of Norfolk. — Honorary General Secretary, 
 C. J. Pagliano, Esq., 28, Golden-sq. — Treasurer, Sir R. Throck- 
 morton, Bart. — Assistant Secretaries : Mr. T. Blount, 2, Leicester- 
 place ; Mr. Walker, 9, Castle-street, Holbom. 
 
 EAST LONDON ENGLISH and IRISH SCHOOLS, 
 Goodman' S'yard, Minories, Established 1817. For the edu- 
 cation of the children of the English and Irish poor of both 
 sexes. All children of five years of age and upwards are 
 admissible, on the recommendation of a subscriber. Appli- 
 cations for admission must be made to the master, and con- 
 firmed by the committee, who meet for business the third 
 Wednesday of every month. 
 
 Every annual subscriber of one guinea, or donof of five 
 guineas, is entitled to have one child constantly in the school. 
 
322 
 
 jews' orphan, (fee. (Btoatiflnal Cljaritips. a.d. i664, &c. 
 
 Presidents : Right Hon. Lord Brougham ; Right Hon. Henry 
 Goulboum, M.P. — Treasurer, T. C. Haywood, Esq., 95, Minories. 
 — Secretary, Mr. Charles Brace. — Collector, Mr. W. Eddrup. 
 
 The following comprehends the various educational asy- 
 lums connected with the Jewish persuasion, including those 
 associated with the synagogues, for instruction only ; with 
 the view of presenting the whole together for facility of 
 reference. 
 
 JEWS' ORPHAN ASYLUM, 69, Leman-street, Good- 
 man's-fields. Established 1831. For maintaining, clothing, 
 educating, and apprenticing Jewish children destitute of 
 both parents. Supported by voluntary contributions. 
 
 President, Frederick Hart, Esq.- — Chairman of the House Com- 
 mittee, Mr. Dias, 11, Duke-street. — Treasurer, Samuel Moses, Esq. 
 — Master of the Asylum, Mr. Franklin. — Secretary, Mr. A. Saqui, 
 at the Asylum. — Collector, Mr. Emanuel. 
 
 GATES OF HOPE, and other Charity Schools, 11, Bevis- 
 marks. The following have been instituted in the congre- 
 gation of Jews, denominated "Spanish and Portuguese Jews," 
 the first who settled in this country during the protectorate 
 of Cromwell ; their synagogue, the most ancient, and the 
 only one they have in England — except one, erected and 
 supported at his own expense by Sir Moses Montefiore, at 
 Ramsgate — is situate in Bevis-marks, St. Mary-Axe. 
 
 The National School. Founded 1664. Called " Sheare 
 Ticksa" in Hebrew, or "Gates of Hope", situate on the 
 synagogue premises, in Heneage-lane, Bevis-marks ; consists 
 of a preparatory school ; open to all the male children of the 
 poor, from the age of five years, who, on the recommenda- 
 tion of a subscriber, or the wardens of the synagogue, are 
 immediately admitted, without any election. They are edu- 
 cated and partially clothed ; also 
 
 An Upper School, limited to forty hoys, who are elected 
 half-yearly from the preparatory school ; these are wholly 
 clothed, and, on leaving the school, are apprenticed to useful 
 trades. The institution is supported by voluntary contribu- 
 tions, which being inadequate, it receives an annual grant 
 from the elders of the congregation, from the synagogue 
 funds. 
 
 Ten shillings annually, or £5 donation, entitles to a yearly 
 presentation of one pupil to the preparatory school ; one 
 guinea annually, or ten guineas donation, to vote at all eiec- 
 
323 
 
 SYNAGOGDE, iSBHliSJj itjjIIlllS. SCHOOLS, <tc. 
 
 tions for the upper school. Subscription to the two schools, 
 £\. 6s. annually, or £\5. 10s. for life. 
 
 President, Nathaniel Montefiore, Esq. — Treasurer, Joseph Se- 
 bag, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Judah Azuelos. 
 
 The National and Infant School, or " The Path of Truth", 
 situate also on these premises, which admits children from 
 the age of two years, both boys and girls. This is also sup- 
 ported by an annual grant from the elders. There are at 
 present one hundred and fifty children on this establishment, 
 and it is managed by a committee of ladies. Secretary, 
 Mrs. S. Almosino. 
 
 The Orphan School, situate on the synagogue premises, 
 founded in 1703. This institution boards, clothes, and edu- 
 cates fatherless children, who, on leaving the school, are ap- 
 prenticed to useful trades. It is supported by voluntary 
 contributions, and by the interest on its endowment funds 
 bequeathed by the late Moses Lamego, Esq. 
 
 President, Daniel Depass, Esq. — Treasurer, Haim Guedalla, Esq. 
 — Secretary, Mr. Judah Azuelos. 
 
 JEWS' FREE SCHOOL, Bell-lane, Spitalfields. Insti- 
 tuted 1817. For the education of 600 boys and 300 girls 
 (now near 400). The boys are taught Hebrew, English, and 
 arithmetic ; the girls are taught reading, writing, and 
 needlework. The system of education pursued partakes of 
 parts both of Lancaster's and BeU's. Twenty or thirty of 
 the boys (who must be elected for the purpose) are educated 
 at the " Talmud Torah", a superior school, where instruction 
 is afforded of a more advanced character. The number of 
 children who have benefited by this institution may be 
 stated as follows : — boys, 3,292 left, 555 present ; girls, 
 1,420 left, 400 present. The whole of the children are an- 
 nually clothed, through the liberality of one individual, who 
 has continued the same ever since 1822 (Baroness Rothschild). 
 
 President, Sir Anthony De Rothschild, Bart. — Treasurers : 
 S. L. De Symons, Esq., 9, Cumberland-street, Portman-square ; 
 A. Davis, Esq., 60, Hounsditch. — Secretary, Mr. S. Solomon, 5, 
 Hounsditch. 
 
 WESTERN JEWISH GIRLS' FREE SCHOOL, 20, 
 Dean-street, Soho. Instituted 1846. Affords good secular 
 and Jewish religious education to sixty-three girls, gratui- 
 tously. Supported by contributions, and promoted by the 
 chief rabbi and most inliuential Jews. The Duke of Cam- 
 
324 
 
 WESTERN, boys'. ^JDliSJl ^tljDnlS. METROPOLITAN. 
 
 bridge is patron, and generally presides at the annual exa- 
 mination. President, Mr. J. M. Johnson. 
 
 WESTERN JEWISH FREE SCHOOL for Boys, 59a, 
 Greek-street, Soho, provides like instruction for about sixty 
 boys. It is in immediate contemplation uniting these two 
 schools under one management. Present officers are : Mr. 
 H. L. Keeling, President ; Mr. A. Kisch, Western Synagogue 
 Chambers, St. Alban's-place. The present income for each 
 school is about £200 per annum, 
 
 WEST METROPOLITA N JEWISH SCHOOL. Boys' 
 school, 256, High Holborn ; opened 1845 ; sixty -five boys. 
 Girls' school, 12, Little Queen-street ; opened 1846 ; thirty 
 girls. 
 
 Chairman, F. D. Goldsmid, Esq. — Treasurer and Hon. Secre- 
 tary, Jacob L. Elkin, Esq., 20, Upper Bedford-place, Russell-sq. 
 
325 
 
 (BhtatinEHl ^nnniiatinns. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS, COLLEGES, 
 AND GRAMMAR SCHOOLS. 
 
 Extent of the Endowments for Classical and Grammar Schools. — Their 
 Value to the Middle Classes. — Their Origin and Progress. — Value of 
 London Endowments; of Rugby and Tunbridge Schools. — Summary 
 of Educational Endowments in London, Classical Foundation Schools : 
 St. Paul's and Mercers' Schools — Christ's Hospital. — Merchant Tay- 
 lors'. — Westminster. — CharterHouse, and others. — Summary of Schools 
 originally Grammar and Classical. — Collegiate I.«ctures, etc. — Colleges 
 and Modem Schools : Stepney. — Highbury. — Hommerton. — St. John's 
 Wood, etc. — University College and King's College. — Queen's College. 
 — City of London. — Islington. — Philological School, and others. — 
 Royal Academy of Music, and Royal Naval and Female Schools. 
 
 Before entering upon the vast machinery of operations for 
 extending education in its broad and comprehensive mean- 
 ing, religious and secular, it will be well to devote a chapter 
 to the consideration of those establishments in the metro- 
 polis, that render to the youth of the middle classes services 
 similar to those bestowed on the necessitous, as mentioned in 
 our last chapter. The charitable and liberal character of the 
 latter enshrine them, with an interest, in the mind of the 
 philanthropist and the Christian, only to be equalled by the 
 important considerations involved in the right direction and 
 continued well-being of the former. No thoughtful persons, 
 indeed, can close their minds to the conviction of the exten- 
 sive influence these strongholds of education must exercise 
 over the welfare of the present and future generations ; and 
 this feeling of powerful interest that a contemplation of them 
 engenders, is greatly increased by the reflection, that they 
 are, for the most part, so amply endowed as to require no 
 
32 6 
 
 (StrntHtinnal ^nnnhtiDns. 
 
 extraneous aid, and that their means of usefulness rest en- 
 tirely on the internal direction of their affairs and the indi- 
 vidual application of their benefits. 
 
 It is a significant circumstance, strongly connective of 
 Education and Christianity, that the earliest schools in Eng- 
 land were founded at Canterbury, by the bishop to whom we 
 owe the inti-oduction of the faith. These, according to the 
 venerable Bede, were greatly improved and enlarged by 
 Theodore, the successor to the archbishopric, who, with his 
 friend Adrian, personally instructed crowds of pupils in divi- 
 nity, astronomy, medicine, etc., and the Greek and Latin 
 languages. The impulse then given spread ; schools multi- 
 plied, until, in a Very short time, they were generally to be 
 found connected with monasteries, and, more particularly, at 
 the different seats of the bishops. There appears every 
 reason to believe, that in the seventh century London had 
 various schools, most probably the original foundations of 
 such as afterwards constituted our present establishments of 
 St. Paul's and Westminster. 
 
 After the Danish deluge, scarcely a single school of the 
 higher class appears to have preserved its integrity. Some 
 idea of this may be conceived from the well known fact that 
 King Alfred, in the second half of the ninth century, could 
 find no masters to instruct him in the higher branches of 
 knowledge. Under the auspices, however, of that truly great 
 monarch, the schools were soon restored and reanimated. 
 His biographer, Asser, expressly mentions one he founded 
 for the sons of the nobility ; and for the support of which he 
 devoted the enormous amount of one-eighth of his kingly 
 revenue. Further records of early education present many 
 fluctuations of prosperity and decline, until the fourteenth 
 century, when, as represented by Messrs. Piatt and Saunders 
 in their paper on "Ancient Education in London" (from 
 which we have derived much information), the almost incre- 
 dible record appears, that there were as many as thirty thou- 
 sand students at Oxford, and probably still more at Paris, — 
 looking somewhat like an universal diffusion of education. 
 
 In the Reformation may be traced the great impetus im- 
 mediately given to the progress of metropolitan educational 
 establishments. At first it appears as if the effect were two- 
 fold ; by breaking up the religious houses, it destroyed nearly 
 all the schools : but, on the other hand, the dormant intel- 
 lect awakened about the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, 
 
327 
 
 (gkfatinnal ^nnnbatinns. 
 
 producing that Reformation, acted in the highest degree 
 favourably to the inculcation of knowledge. The Greek ver- 
 sion of the New Testament becoming the universal standard 
 of authority, as appealed to by the reformers in all their 
 religious contests, peculiarly acted upon and induced the 
 desire for classical learning. New colleges at the universities 
 sprang into existence with startling rapidity ; new schools 
 were established, almost as fast as the reforming king had 
 destroyed them ; and the foundation was laid for that effi- 
 cient and permanent establishment of solid educational in- 
 stitutions, the full blessing and benefit of which we enjoy to 
 the present day.i Hence it is, that of the exceedingly nu- 
 merous body of grammar schools scattered over every part 
 of the country, nearly the whole were founded in the six- 
 teenth and the seventeenth ceaturies ; and hence, it will be 
 seen by the following chapter, that the whole of the older 
 
 ^ Their present flourishing condition, it will be well to bear in mind, 
 does not always afford an evidence of the liberality of the age : much 
 must, as before referred to with regard to other charitable foundations, 
 be attributable, to someextent, to the increased value of property through- 
 out London. This is especially developed in the instances of the Rugby 
 and Tunbridge schools, — institutions which have obtained an importance 
 their founders could have had no conception of. Thus we read, that 
 when " Lawrence Sheriffe, grocer and citizen of London, left the third 
 part of a field of twenty-four acres, in the parish of Holborn, for the en- 
 dowment of a grammar-school at Rugby, it produced only £8 a year. 
 This field was called the Conduit Close, and was nearly half-a-mile from 
 any house. It is now covered with buildings, and the rental exceeds 
 ^'10,000 a year. In the same way, and about the same time. Sir Andrew 
 Judd founded the grammar-school at Tunbridge, endowing it with pro- 
 perty in the City, and also with his ' croft of pasture, with the appurte- 
 nances.called the Sandhills,situate and being on the back side of Holborn, 
 in the parish of St. Pancras," and then valued at £1S 6s. This property 
 is situated on each side of the New-road, and now forms a part of Judd- 
 place and Burtoncresceut. It was let, in 1807, on a lease of ninety-nine 
 years, at .£2,700 a year. The property in Gracechurch street, which, in 
 15.38, produced only £23 13s. 4d. a year, was let, in 1822, for ^£490. 
 Other property in St. Mary Axe, tlie rental of which was £5 a year in 
 loo8, was let, in 1822, for .£160 ; at which time the yearly rents of the 
 property bequeathed by Sir Andrew, amounted to £4,306. By the ad- 
 vance of the country in wealth, such charities have become, in many 
 instances, truly splendid and munificent. Sir Andrew Judd's school now 
 enjoys sixteen exhibitions of £100 each, payable out of the founder's 
 endowment, and tenable at any college out of either University." 
 
328 
 
 ST. PAUL'S f iraratinEHl ^nirofeatinns. school, a.d.isoo 
 
 schools of the metropolis, with the single exception of the 
 Charter House, in the early part of the seventeenth (detailed 
 in a previous chapter), date their establishment, on the pre- 
 sent basis, from the same period. 
 
 There are ten institutions of what may be 
 termed a first class character, affording a clas- 
 sical education at one time to the number of 2,995 
 of these, 1,660 are wholly maintained (at 
 
 three schools only), 
 the aggregate amount of annual income 
 of these establishments, as near as can 
 be arrived at, amounts to - - ^93,112 
 
 arising chiefly from endowments ; with 
 the exception of about ^'15,000, de- 
 rived from present contributions, and 
 payments of pupils, <fec. 
 Besides these establishments, are many con- 
 ducted now as non-classical schools, and 
 others of a purely local character. 
 This chapter likewise affords accounts of seve- 
 ral modern colleges and schools, which, from 
 the close similarity of character they more 
 or less partake of with the old foundations, 
 it has been thought well to include : such 
 are mostly self-supporting, and their in- 
 comes consequently devoid of interest. 
 Lastly, are four establishments, supported in 
 part by the benevolent, in order to impart 
 education, and, in some instances, afford 
 maintenance, to the children of distressed 
 professional persons. 
 
 educating _ . . _ 453 
 
 (maintaining 283). 
 conducted at an annual cost of - - .£13,300 
 
 of which, there is derived from voluntary 
 
 contributions, nearly - - - 4,000 
 
 ST. PA UrS SCHOOL, St. Paul's Church-yard. Founded 
 1509, and endowed by Dr. John Colet, Dean of St. Paul's, 
 the friend of More and Erasmus ■} for the education of one 
 
 • " This one divine, master Colet, was more than a match for 11s all ; 
 he seemed to be filled with a divine spirit, and to he somewhat above a 
 man. He spoke not only with his voice, bnt with his eyes, liis counte- 
 nance, and his whole demeanour." — Erainm*. 
 
329 
 
 ST. PAUL'S (Etoratinnai jFnnntoinns. school,a.d.i509 
 
 hundred and fifty-three^ boys, of all countries indiffer- 
 ently. 
 
 The excellent founder devoted, we learn, nearly the whole 
 of his private estate to the foundation, endowing it with 
 houses and lands of the present value of above £5,000 per 
 annum, but producing at the time less than £200. The first 
 head master was his own appointment, devolving upon Wil- 
 liam Lily, the eminent grammarian, and "the most dear 
 companion" of Sir 'Jhomas More. Lily, it is stated, was the 
 first teacher of Greek in the metropolis after the revival of 
 letters ; and the success of the school under his direction 
 proved the dean's choice a good one: during the twelve 2 
 years he conducted it, a host of excellent scholars were sent 
 forth into the different departments of public life, amongst 
 whom may be mentioned Sir Anthony Denny, Leland, and 
 Lord North : of the eminent men since Leland's time, space 
 will not admit enumeration, beyond John Milton, Scar- 
 borough (the physician), Pepys, Calamy, and Marlborough. 
 
 The school is under the entire management of the Mer- 
 cers' Company : the master of the company, as " senior syx~ 
 veyor", holds the right of nomination ; but it is generally 
 exercised by all the members, to a certain extent, in rota- 
 tion. The founder's views in thus stepping out of his class 
 to find trustees among laymen, is thus explained in a letter 
 by his friend Erasmus to Jonas : — " After he had finished 
 all, he left the perpetual care and oversight of the estate, 
 not to the clergy, not to the bishop, not to the chapter, nor 
 to any great minister at court, but amongst the married lay- 
 men, — to the Company of Mercers, men of property and 
 reputation ; and when he was asked the reason of so com- 
 mitting the trust, he answered to this effect, — that there was 
 no absolute certainty in human affairs, but, for his part, he 
 found less corruption in such a body of citizens than in any 
 other order or degree of mankind." "Words," justly re- 
 marks Mr. Piatt, "that surely should animate with the best 
 possible spirit the trustees thus called upon to discharge 
 their duties with fidelity."^ 
 
 ^ The conceit for this number was derived from the lext, — " Simon 
 Peter went up, and drew the net to land full of great fishes, an hundred 
 and fifty and three ; and for all there were so many, yet was not the net 
 broken." (John xxi, 11 ) 
 
 ^ Lily died of the pln^ue in 1523.six years after his friend and patron. 
 
 •• Knight's London, vol. vi, p. 10. 
 
330 
 
 MERCEBs' <|gtoratinnal ^mmbatinns . school,a.d.i522 
 
 The school at present consists of eight forms or classes ; 
 the first receiving the pupil, instructing him in the rudi- 
 ments, the last dismissing hiui with a sound mathematical 
 and classical education, including Greek, Latin, and Hebrew. 
 The age of scholars at admission must not exceed fifteen. 
 The only expense is that for books. There are several very- 
 valuable exhibitions held for the benefit of the scholars who 
 have been four years on the foundation, and admitted under 
 twelve years of age; nine of them are of the annual value of 
 £] 00 for five years, arising from bequests of Viscount Camp- 
 den, 1685, and the munificent endowment of the founder; 
 nine others, for five years, of £50, and several more of less 
 value. The exhibitors are chosen by the trustees, after a 
 strict examination of the whole school, occupying the first 
 three days of the fourth week after Easter, when it is usual 
 to commemorate the founder, by an oration composed by the 
 senior boy, and several valuable prizes are presented from 
 the governors. The first school was destroyed in the fire of 
 1666. The present building was erected in 1824, under the 
 superintendence of George Smith, Esq. 
 
 High Master, Rev. H. Kynaston, D.D. — Second Master, Rev. 
 J. P. Bean, M.A. — Third Master, Rev. J. Cooper, M.A.— Fourth 
 Master, Rev. C. C. Roberts, M.A. — Mathematical Master, Geo. 
 Lambert, Esq. — Examiners : Rev. T. H. Steel, M.A.; Rev. R. W. 
 Brown, M.A. 
 
 MERCERS' GRAMMAR ^CiTOOX, College-hill. Founded 
 1522 ; but erected previously, as part of the ancient hospital 
 of St. Thomas of Acors,^and in 1531 was purchased by the 
 Mercers' Company of Henry VIII, for £969 17s. 6d., who 
 undertook, at their cost and charge, to keep a grammar 
 school, and educate twenty-five children for ever, with a suf- 
 ficient master.2 In 1804, the Company departed from the 
 strictly classical system pursued, by including the other 
 branches of a sound general education ; in 1809 increasing 
 the number of scholars to thirty-five ; and since then again, 
 to seventy. As at St. Paul's, the instruction is perfectly 
 
 ■* The foundation of the original .school as a part of the hospital, may 
 be traced to the petition of John Neil, sometime the master of the hospital. 
 Vide note, page 317. 
 
 ^ This was a rare exception as regards the stipulation ; and owing to 
 the instrumentality (according to Strype) of Sir Thomas Greshara iit 
 maliing the arrangement, rather than to royal precaution. 
 
331 
 
 CHRIST'S Hosp. (BtoHtianal ^nunbatiDM. a.d.isss 
 
 free. There are no restrictions as to age or place of resi- 
 dence of scholars, but a certain proficiency is deemed indis- 
 pensable. The boys are selected in turn by the master and 
 three wardens of the company ; two exhibitions, of the value 
 of about £50 each, are held by the will of T. Rich, Esq., 
 1672, who further endowed the school. It may be interest- 
 ing to mention, that Dr. Colet was a member of the original 
 school ; also Sir Thomas Gresham, Sir Lionel, afterwards 
 Lord Cranfield, and Bishop Wren. The present building was 
 erected within the last few years, from the designs of George 
 Smith, Esq. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. John Smith, M.A. — Classical Master, R«v. 
 T. Hill, M. A.— Writing Master, Mr- W. Patrickson. — French 
 Master, Mr. Wattez. 
 
 CHRIST S HOSPITAL, Newgate-street. Is one of the 
 five Royal Hospitals of the city of London, having been 
 founded by letters patent of King Edward VI, dated 26 
 June 1553, at the same time as St. Thomas's and Bridewell 
 Hospitals.^ 
 
 Besides the Lord Mayor, and Court of Aldermen, and 
 twelve members of the Common Council, who are governors 
 ex ojjicio, there are between four and five hundred noblemen 
 and gentlemen, who have been elected governors by reason of 
 their donations to the institution, at the head of whom are 
 Her Majesty and H.R.H. Prince Albert, with their R.H. the 
 Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred, and Prince George of 
 Cambridge. The number of children on the foundation, 
 who are wholly maintained and educated, varies from 1,400 
 to 1,500, including those at the branch establishment at 
 Hertford (founded 1683). About two hundred are admitted 
 annually, always going first to Hertford. The age of ad- 
 mission is from seven to ten years ; and the mode of admis- 
 sion is by presentation of a governor. Her Majesty, the Lord 
 Mayor, and Court of Aldermen present annually, and the 
 other governors have presentations in rotation, as far as the 
 number of children to be admitted in each year will extend ; 
 so that they have the privilege about once in three or four 
 
 ^ Large portions of the building having fallen into decay, have been 
 rebuilt. In 1822 the new infirmary was completed ; and \pril 1825, the 
 first stone of the present magnificent hall was laid by the Duke of York. 
 The building is of the Tudor style of architecture, and one of the noblest 
 in the metropolis. It was built from designs by John Shaw, Esq. 
 
332 
 
 CHRIST'S Hosp. f totinnal ^nim&atinns. a.d. 1553 
 
 years. The chief qualification for obtaining a presentation 
 rests in their parents not possessing a larger income than 
 ^250 per annum ; but, in cases of large families, this regu- 
 lation is often extended. A list of the governors having 
 appointments is published annually in March, and is to be 
 had at the counting-house of the hospital. 
 
 The education of the boys consists of reading, writing, and 
 arithmetic, French, the classics, and mathematics. There 
 are sixteen exhibitions for scholars at the universities of 
 Oxford and Cambridge: those at Oxford being £100, and 
 those at Cambridge, £80 per annum ; besides a " Pitt Scho- 
 larship", also a " Times Scholarship" (value £30 for four 
 years), established by the merchants and traders of the city, 
 as a testimonial of their appreciation of the indefatigable 
 perseverance with which that powex'ful journal exposed an 
 extensive mercantile fraud. The "Grecians" are the sixteen 
 senior boys, who alone remain at the school after fifteen 
 years of age : they remain until nineteen or twenty, and 
 four go off every year to Oxford or Cambridge, upon the 
 above-mentioned exhibitions : mostly entering at Pembroke 
 College, Cambridge, in consequence of the advantages held 
 out by the will of Mr. Sergeant Moses. 
 
 Forty of the boys are instructed in navigation, on the 
 foundation of King Charles II, ten of whom are required to 
 pass out annually to sea-service, having undergone an exa- 
 mination previously at the Trinity House. 
 
 The annual income of the hospital is necessarily a very 
 large one, and includes an average of the following items : 
 from rents of estates, £28,000 ; dividends on stock and an- 
 nuities, £10,600 ; from governors' contributions, £9,000 to 
 £10,000 ; and the remainder from special endowment funds, 
 to mathematical boys, etc., casual receipts, legacies, etc. ; 
 amounting, from all sources, to £60,600, from which, about 
 £9,000 being deducted for rent and other charges, a clear 
 net amount for general purposes of maintenance, education, 
 and establishment is left, of upwards of £50,000. The dis- 
 bursements, in ordinary years, do not exceed £48,000 ; and 
 legacies, as far as expenses will allow, are funded. 
 
 Amongst the separate trusts held by the governors of the 
 hospital, is Mrs. Bowerman's, from which about £600 per 
 annum is distributed to poor widows, at £6 each. " Hether- 
 ington's Charities to the Blind", augmented by others, is 
 very extensive, as detailed page 183 ; and, included in the 
 
333 
 
 MERCHANT igkratinnfll /niintoinns. taylors', isei 
 
 statement of income, as already given, are the endowments 
 of Pennoyer's Travers', Holditch's, and others, for various 
 purposes connected with the hospital, such as apprenticing 
 boys, etc. ; Mrs. West's, maintaining alone forty-one boys 
 in the establishment, at a cost of .£1,400 per annum. 
 
 President, William Thompson, Esq., Aid., M.P. — Treasurer, 
 William Gilpin, Esq. — Physician, Clement Hue, M.D. — Surgeon, 
 Eusebius A. Lloyd, Esq. — Chief Clerk, George TroUope, Esq. — 
 Receiver, Mr. Ralph Peacock. — Wardrobe Keeper, Mr. M. S. S. 
 Dipnall.- — Assist. Clerks, Mr. C. T. B. Keep, and Mr. J. Morris. 
 —Head ilaster, Rev. Edward Rice, D.D. — Assistant ditto, R«v. 
 J. T. White, M.A. — Second Masters : Rev. Chas. Cheyne, M.A. ; 
 Rev. Robert South, M.A. — Third Masters : Rev. James ITiomson, 
 M. A. ; Rev. John CoUingwood, M.A. — Head Mathematical Master, 
 Rev. William Webster, M.A.— Second ditto. Rev. ITios. W. H. 
 Gumey, B.A.; and Mr. F. W. Goldsmith. — Drawing Master, 
 Mr. Wm. Henry Back. — French Master, Mr. C. J. Lelile. — Music 
 Master, Mr. George Cooper. — Resident Surgeon and Apothecary, 
 T. Stone, Esq.^ — Steward, Mr. Geo. Brooks. — Matron, Mrs. Oliver. 
 
 At Hertford : Granunar Master and Catechist, R«v. Nathaniel 
 Keymer, M.A. — Steward, Mr. George Ludlow. — Matron, Mrs. 
 Moore. 
 
 MERCHANT TA YLORS' SCHOOL, Suffolk-lane, Can- 
 non-street. Established 1561. For the education of children 
 of all nations and countries indifferently, to the extent of 
 no less than two hundred and fifty scholars, by moderate 
 payment. 
 
 This is one of the most eminent establishments in England, 
 and was founded by the gift of .£500 from Richard Hilles, 
 some time master of the Merchant Taylors' Company, and 
 other subscriptions from members of the court, among whom 
 was Sir Thomas White, the founder of St. John's College, 
 Oxford. With these funds the Company purchased a large 
 portion of a palace, originally built in the reign of Edward 
 [II, and which had successively belonged to the De la Poles 
 Dukes of Suffolk (whence the name, Suffolk-lane), and the 
 i)uke8 of Buckingham. It was called the Manor of the 
 Rose. This edifice was destroyed by the great fire in 1666. 
 Soon afterwards the present buildings were erected, from 
 the designs of Sir C. Wren, whose father had been educated 
 at the school.^ 
 
 ^ Amongst other eminent scholars here educated, maybe named Bishops 
 Andrewes, Dove, and Tompson, — three of the translators t f the Bible; 
 Edwin Sandys, the traveller ; Archbishop Juxon, wlio attended tW 
 
334 
 
 ST. saviour's f tatHtimial l^nnnimtinns. school,a.d.i662 
 
 The college of St. John the Baptist, at Oxford, is con- 
 nected, principally, with Merchant Taylors' School ; the boys 
 of which are entitled to thirty-seven, cut of the fifty, fellow- 
 ships with which it is endowed. The school possesses, also, 
 a large number of exhibitions at both the universities, 
 averaging from £30 to =£80 per annum, each. 
 
 As the school is supported by the Merchant Taylors' 
 Company, the statutes for instruction, terms, and mode of 
 admission, have varied from time to time, according to the 
 will of the governors ; but Hebrew, Greek, and Latin have 
 been taught since its foundation ; mathematics, writing, 
 and arithmetic were introduced in 1829 ; and French, and 
 the study of modern history, in 1845. The present terms 
 are ten guineas per annum. Boys are admitted on the nomi- 
 nation of the forty members of the Court of Assistants of 
 the Merchant Taylors' Company, in rotation. 
 
 For the better inquiry into the proficiency of the scholars, ' 
 there are two probations in the year, in December, and on 
 the 11th of June. On the latter of these occasions, liberal 
 prizes are awarded, and scholars elected to St. John's Col- 
 lege, Oxford. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. James Augustus Hessey, D.C.L. — Under 
 Ma.sters : Rev. J. B. Deane, M.A. ; Rev. T. H. Russell, H.l)., 
 Rev. E. West, M.A. —Mathematical Masters : Rev. J. B. Deane, 
 M.A.; Rev. J. A. L. Airey, M.A.; Mr. S. H. Russell.— French 
 Ma»sters : Mons. C. J. Delille, Mons. W. Chapman. — Writing 
 Masters : Mr. R. F. Clarke, Mr. L. Barlow. 
 
 ST. SAVIOUR'S GRAM3fAR SCHOOL, Southwark. 
 Established 1562. This establishment was founded by the 
 parish,! and confirmed by letters patent of Queen Elizabeth, 
 
 unfortunate Charles 1 to the scaffold ; Bishop Hopkins, of Londonderry ; 
 Archbishops Sir William Dawes, Gilbert, and Boulter ; Bishop Van 
 Mildert ; Bishop Nixon, of Tasmania; and twelve other prelates; Shirley 
 the poet ; Charles Whealley, the ritualist ; Lord Clive ; Lieut.-Col. Den- 
 ham, the African traveller ; and many shining characters of modem times. 
 1 Founded at the instance of Thomas Cure. Amongst the practical 
 rules provided by the founders, the following occurs for observance in 
 the choice of a master : " The master to be a man of a wise, sociable, and 
 loving disposition, not hasty or furious, nor of any ill example ; he shall 
 be wise and of good experience, to discern the nature of every several 
 child ; to work upon tlie disposition for the greatest advantage, benefit, 
 and comfort of the child ; to learn with the love of his book." It was 
 necessary then, as now, to add — " if such au one may be got." — Carlink. 
 
335 
 
 HiGHGATE (Biiiitatinnai jPnuiitoinns. school.a.d.isgs 
 
 and is under the management of six governors. For chil- 
 dren of the poor of the parish ; number not to exceed one 
 hundred. The scholars pay £1 per annum to the classical, 
 and the like to the writing classes. 
 
 Visitor, the Bishop of Winchester. — Governors : William Pott, 
 Esq. (Treasurer) ; G. Perkins, Charles Pott, F. Perkins, Charles 
 James Bevan, A. Clark, Esqrs. — Head Master, Kev. Alfred Povah. 
 — Under Master, W. 11. Blunt, Esq., B.A. — Writing Master, Mr. 
 Samuel Spiller. 
 
 HIGHGATE GRAMMAR SCHOOL. Founded 15C5; 
 reconstituted 1826, until when, the school was conducted 
 only for teaching writing and arithmetic ; but it was then 
 declared, by decree of Chancery, to be in strict accordance 
 with the will of the founder. Sir Roger Cholmley, that it 
 should be maintained as a free grammar school. A new 
 scheme was ordered, and, after reference to the masters, the 
 present regulations finally agreed to. 
 
 Forty scholars out of the towns of Highgate, Holloway, 
 Hornsey, etc., are to be educated free, in conformity with 
 the doctrines of the Church of England, and taught the 
 Latin and Greek languages. 
 
 Each boy must be eight years old on admission ; be able 
 to read and write ; and acquainted with the two first rules 
 of arithmetic ; and pay £\ Is. entrance fee to library. 
 
 The master's salary is fixed at £400 per annum, with the 
 privilege of taking as many scholars as he conveniently can, 
 after the free number, at £12 12s. per annum each. 
 
 The estates of the school produce about £1,500 a year ; 
 the governors have appropriated a portion for founding 
 exhibitions of £50 each per annum, for four years. Master, 
 Rev. J. B. Dyne. 
 
 ST. OLA VE'S <& ST. JOHN'S GRAMMAR SCHOOL, 
 Bermondsey-street, Southwark. Founded 1571, by letters 
 patent, 13th Elizabeth,^ incorporated under sixteen gover- 
 nors, for "children and younglings, as well of rich as the 
 poor, being inhabitants of these parishes." Instruction 
 prescribed is, the Latin and English tongues, writing, and 
 accounts. The classical school consists of 320 boys ; the 
 
 ^ " The Queen couseuteil,it appears, to become the patron, and it was 
 consequently called her school ; but her name, and a legal status, seems 
 to have been all she gave to it." — Knight's London. 
 
336 
 
 WESTMINSTER (jghrattHnal ^nHnbatiniis. a.d. isoo 
 
 branch school of 250 boys ; instructed in writing, reading, 
 and accounts. Children are admitted to both schools by 
 presentations, signed by a governor, and easily attainable 
 by any residents within the limits of the two parishes. The 
 age of admittance is six or seven, apd the hoys remain, 
 generally, until fourteen, when thos^^of humbler condition 
 are apprenticed ; others, who are studying for the learned 
 professions, may remain almost an unlimited time. The 
 court have power to award four presentations to Oxford or 
 Cambridge, value from iJ50 to £80 each ; also ten yearly 
 apprentice fees, of £10 each. This is, we believe, now con- 
 sidered one of the most valuable of metropolitan schools, 
 the funds having of late years greatly increased, and amount 
 at present time to nearly £3,900 per annum. Mr. Piatt, in 
 referring to this, says: "With the enlargement of the means 
 the ends have been pursued in a corresponding liberal spirit. 
 The school is exclusively for the parish, or rather the two 
 parishes, into which the old St, Olave's has been divided, 
 and is only the more efficient for that exclusiveness, since 
 the number of children taught is so large that undue pre- 
 ferences, whether of persons or of classes, become alike 
 unnecessary, and impracticable to any important extent. 
 The palish, therefore, is, and must be, done justice to." 
 
 Visitor, Bishop of Winchester. — Warden, John Ledger, Esq. 
 — Head Master, Rev. C. Mackenzie, M.A. — Mathematical, Kev. 
 R. B. Gibson, M.A. 
 
 ST. PETER'S COLLEGE, WEST2IINSTER, South 
 side of Westminster Abbey. Founded 1590, by Queen Eliza- 
 beth, for the classical education and maintenance of forty 
 boys, who are prepared for the university, and called Queen's 
 Scholars. They wear a cap and gown, and pay for education 
 about i/'16 per annum, including private lessons, and lectures 
 on mathematics ; but there are several charges, in the way 
 of extras, that amount in the aggregate to a considerable 
 sum for each scholar to pay. There are likewise four boys, 
 educated free, termed Bishop's Boys, who wear a purple 
 gown, and have £60 annually divided amongst them, under 
 a bequest from Dr. Williams, Bishop of Lincoln (1628), who 
 likewise founded four scholarships at St. John's College, 
 Cambridge, for the boys on this foundation, value about £20 
 each for four years. Besides these, a great number of the 
 sons of the nobility and gentry are educated here, which has 
 
337 
 
 CAMBERWELL, (Bkratinnai j^nnnhtinns. a.d. leis 
 
 rendered it one of the most celebrated schools of the king- 
 dom. Amongst the great men educated here, it will be 
 interesting to enumerate Dryden, Locke, Smith, Prior, Rowe, 
 Settle, Bishop Newton, Churchill, Lloyd, Warren Hastings, 
 etc. 
 
 From six to eight scholars go off annually, either to Christ 
 Church, Oxford, or Trinity College, Cambridge, according 
 to vacancies (value of scholarships, about £60 a-year), and 
 their places, and other vacancies that occur, are again filled 
 up, by competition amongst the scholars from the fourth 
 and fifth forms. The candidates having been decided upon, 
 they are left to contend with each other in Latin, Greek, 
 and grammatical questions. This sometimes lasts many 
 days, the head master acting as umpire, and the eight head 
 boys are finally chosen as " on the foundation." 
 
 There are several other funds, varying in amount, from 
 which benefit is available to those scholars elected off who 
 are in need of it. The whole control of the foundation 
 and its possessions, as well as the general management of the 
 school, belongs to the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. 
 
 The prosperity of the school, which latterly had somewhat 
 declined, received, some few years back, considerable stimu- 
 lant by the liberal bequests of Dr. Carey. This, we believe, 
 was chiefly rendered available for augmenting the university 
 endowments for the benefit of the scholars. 
 
 Dean, W. Buckland, D.D.— Head Master, H. G. Liddell, M.A. 
 — Second Master, T. W. Weare, M.A.^ — Assistant Masters : S. J. 
 Rigaud, M.A.; J. Marshall, M.A. ; B. F. James, M.A. — Writing 
 Master, Mr. T. Steward. — French Master, Mons. Tourrier. 
 
 _ THE CHA RTER HO USE, generally known as a founda- 
 tion school, is even more distinguished for the asylum it 
 offers to the aged, and will be found described amongst simi- 
 lar institutions, Chapter XI, 
 
 CAMBERWELL FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, Cam. 
 berwell. Established 1615. Founded and endowed by the 
 Rev. Edward Wilson, vicar of Camberwell, in the reign of 
 James I, who granted him letters patent in the thirteenth 
 year of his reign. The patronage is vested in governors. 
 The number of free boys is limited to twelve. 
 
 The present official Governors are : Rev. J. Williams, M.A. ; 
 Arthur Kenney, D.D.; Rev. A. Cyril Onslow, M.A.; Rev. W. H. 
 Vernon, M.A. ; and the Churchwardens of CamberweU for the 
 time being. 
 
 22 
 
338 
 
 OLD GRAMMAR (Ehitatinnfli l^nmiktinns. schools. 
 
 The following schools, although founded as classical, and 
 bearing the name of grammar schools, for the most part 
 afford but a common education for the poorer classes : — 
 
 Stepney Free School,'^sAc\\&Q. Esta<blishedl540. Founded 
 by will of N. Gibson, in the government of the Coopers' 
 Company, and educates thirty boys on the foundation. The 
 instruction prescribed is grammatical science, but is not 
 acted up to, and the school is made available only to the 
 poorer class. 
 
 Lady Alice Oweti's School, Islington. Established 1613. 
 Founded by will of Lady A. Owen, and is in the trust of the 
 Brewers' Company. It educates thirty poor children from 
 Islington and Clerkenwell, to whom the master must teach 
 Latin, if required. Also twenty-five pay scholars receive a 
 more classical education. 
 
 Palmer and Hill's Grammar School, Tothill-fields. Estab- 
 lished 1(355. Endowed by wills of Revs. J. Palmer and E. 
 Hill, for forty poor children born in Westminster, twenty of 
 whom must be of the parish of St. Margaret, to be clothed 
 and apprenticed, and educated in English and Latin gram- 
 mar, writing, and accounts, and principles of religion. 
 Under government of trustees. 
 
 Rich's Grammar School, Lambeth. Established 1672. 
 Founded by T. Rich, Esq, and is in the trust of the Mer- 
 cers' Company, for the benefit of poor men's children born in 
 Lambeth parish. Instruction prescribed is Latin, writing, 
 cyphering, and reading. 
 
 Hichon's Grammar School, Allhallows, Barking. Estab- 
 lished 1686. Endowed by the will of Alderman James 
 Hickson, for the teaching of children of the parish in the 
 Latin and Greek tongues, and purity of life, manners, and 
 religion. Under the management of the Brewers' Company, 
 who appoint the masters, etc. 
 
 Smith's Grammar School, St. Lawrence Jewry, Milk- 
 street. Established 1693. Endowed by the will of E. Smith, 
 Esq., for teaching boys of the parish Latin, writing, and 
 arithmetic, and is under the management of the church- 
 wardens and vestry. The instruction in Latin discontinued 
 since 1784, and the present system adopted, the scholars 
 being all children of poor parents. 
 
 Trotman's School, Bunhill-row. Founded by will of J. 
 Trotman, 1663. For teaching youths of the original parish 
 
3^39 
 
 GBESHAM COLL. ^jmratiniiai /niinhtiniig, lectures, issi 
 
 of St. Giles, Cripplegate (now comprising St. Luke's, Uld- 
 street), reading, writing, and the classics. The latter has 
 been discontinued since 1740. The report of the Commis- 
 sioners states of this : — " At the present time, scarcely twelve 
 children attend, and the school is not made available for the 
 wants of the parish, although the value of the original be- 
 quest is now estimated at over £30,000," 
 
 GRESHAM COLLEGE LECTURES, Basinghall-street. 
 Founded 1581. These lectures were instituted by Sir Thomas 
 Gresham, who bequeathed his mansion in Broad-street, in 
 trust to the Corporation of London, and the Mercers' Com- 
 pany, as a college, in which lectures on the seven liberal 
 sciences should be gratuitously delivered to the public, 
 endowing it with the rents and profits of the Royal Exchange. 
 Until the year 1768, the professors (among whom were I)r. 
 Isaac Barrow, Hooke, Briggs, Gunter, Sir Christopher Wren, 
 and Sir William Petty) continued to reside, and lecture in 
 Gresham College, when the government of that time pro- 
 cured an Act of Parliament, compelling the trustees to 
 expend £1,800 in pulling it down, on part of the site of 
 which the government erected the present Excise Office. 
 
 The site of Gresham College, which extended from Broad- 
 street to Bishopsgate, was as large as that of the present 
 Bank of England : for this the government paid, and still does 
 pay, .£500 per annum, receiving back, however, the greater 
 portion of this sum, in ground rent, for such portions of the 
 land as they had no need to occupy. The professors were 
 then driven to a small room in the Royal Exchange, and 
 the intention of Sir Thomas Gresham was thereby frustrated. 
 After the Exchange was burnt down, in 1835, the lectures 
 were delivered in the theatre of the City of London School, 
 Milk-street, until the trustees, in accordance with the design 
 of its founder, rebuilt Gresham College, in Basinghall-street; 
 it was opened November 2nd, 1843. The lectures are de- 
 livered during the four law terms, at twelve o'clock at noon 
 in Latin, and at one o'clock in English, except those on 
 geometry and music, which are delivered at seven o'clock 
 in the evening. The aggregate number of hearers in 1 843, 
 was 9,800, and last year (1849) it nearly reached 12,000. 
 
 For the other Gresham bequests, see Mercers' Company 
 (page 198), and Gresham Almshouses (page 224). 
 
 The Professors are : Divinity, Rev. 11. J. Parker, A.M.; Astro- 
 
310 
 
 TENiso«'s,i687. (Ebnratinnai jPmmtoinss. bedcross-st. 
 
 nomy, Rev. Joseph Pullen, A.M. ; Music, Edward Taylor, Esq. ; 
 Geometry, W. P. Edkins, Esq., A.M. ; all appointed by the Corpo- 
 ration. — and Law, William Palmer, Esq., A.M.; Physic, H. H. 
 *Southey, Esq., M.D. ; Rhetoric, Rev. Edward Owen, A.M., ap- 
 pointed by the Mercers' Company. 
 
 Sion College aTid Library, founded 1631, vide page 213. 
 
 ARCHBISHOP TENISON'S GRAMMAR SCHOOL 
 and LIBRARY, Castle -street, Leicester-square. Founded 
 1687, as a parochial establishment, for the benefit of the 
 parish of St. Martin-in-the-fields.i The library was for the 
 use of the public, but especially the clergy of the precincts 
 of old St. Martin's parish. Of late it has fallen sadly into 
 decay, and is greatly in want of donations of books. Thirty 
 boys are educated, upon free presentations from the trustees, 
 and others upon payment of eight guineas a-year. 
 
 Visitor, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Trustees : Rev. Henry 
 Mackenzie, M.A. (Vicar) ; Hon. P. P. Bouverie ; Hon. Sir E. 
 Oust ; H. Pouncey, Esq. ; James Haward, Esq. ; Robert Taylor, 
 Esq.; M. Staunton, Esq.; and the Churchwardens of St. Martin's 
 for the time being. — Head Master and Librarian, Rev. Philip 
 Hale. — Second Master, Mr. Robert Nares. 
 
 REDCROSS-STREET LIBRARY, Redcross-street. 
 Founded 1711. This literary establishment is for the 
 benefit of dissenting clergymen, and was founded by Daniel 
 Williams, D.D., who bequeathed his valuable library of 
 books and manuscripts for the purpose, with suitable salaries 
 for a librarian and a keeper. It is under the management 
 of twenty-four trustees. 
 
 Librarian, Mr. Richard Cogan. — Secretary, Mr. S. Cotton, 7, 
 Lothbury-street.— Receiver, Mr. R. W. Jupp. 
 
 DR. BRAY'S INSTITUTION, 52, Hatton Garden. 
 Established 1 733. For founding parochial and lending libra- 
 ries in England and Wales, and negro schools in British 
 America.^ Every application for a library, must be made 
 through the bishop of the diocese, and the books are for the 
 
 ^ Founded by Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury, a learned 
 and pious prelate, formerly vicar of St. Martin's, who greatly distinguished 
 himself for his zeal in favour of Protestantism, both before and after the 
 Revolution. 
 
 ^ Dr. Bray, the founder of this institution, was likewise the originator 
 of the plan of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign 
 Parts (vide chapter xvii) ; also two other societies, now not in existence, 
 known as the " Society for the Reformation of Manners," and " Society 
 for the Relief of Poor Proselytes." 
 
341 
 
 ST. JOHN'S WOOD, 31111^01 CnllBglS. A.D. 1850 
 
 use of the clergy exclusively. Lending libraries must be 
 applied for by petition, signed by six clergymen, undertaking 
 to provide a librarian, five trustees, and a proper book- case, 
 the petitioning incumbent being responsible for the safe cus- 
 tody of the library. 
 
 Associates meet the first Tuesday, at eleven o'clock, in 
 every month, at the office, except January, August, Septem- 
 ber, and October. One guinea, at least, is paid by every asso- 
 ciate annually, or twenty guineas at one time. The income, 
 about £500 per annum, is derived, one-fifth from voluntary 
 contributions, the remainder from dividends, etc. The ex- 
 penditure, including about X50 for management, is within 
 this amount. 
 
 Books for the purposes of the association, may be sent to 
 the care of Dr. Wesley, at the office. 
 
 President, the Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurer, Rev. 
 C. B. Dalton, M. A., Lincoln's-inn. — Secretary, Rev. Chas. Wesley, 
 D.D. — CoUector, Mr. H. Stretton, 67, Lincoln's-inn-fields. 
 
 J\^EW COLLEGE, St. John's Wood-road. For the edu- 
 cation of young men for the ministry, in the Congregational 
 Churches. Founded a.d. 1850, on the basis of the trusts of 
 Highbury College and Homerton College, and Mr. Coward's 
 trust. 
 
 I. Faculty of Theology : Systematic and Pastoral Theology and 
 Homiletics, the Rev. John Harris, D.D. — Criticism and Interpre- 
 tation of the Greek Testament, Rev. John H. Godwin. — Ecclesi- 
 astical History, Rev. Philip Smith, B.A. — Hebrew and Oriental 
 Languages, Criticism and Interpretation of the Old Testament, 
 Rev. Maurice Neuner. 
 
 n. Faculty of Arts : Greek and Latin Languages, William 
 Smith, Esq., LL.D. — Pure and Mixed Mathematics, Ilev. Philip 
 Smith, B.A. — Mental and Moral Philosophy, Logic, and Rhetoric, 
 Rev. John H. Godwin. — Natural Sciences, Edwin Lankester, M.D. 
 — German Language, Rev. Maurice Neuner. 
 
 All communications to be addressed to the Chairman of 
 the Educational Committee, Rev. H. F. Burder, D.D., Con- 
 gregational Library, Blomfield-street, Finsbury. 
 
 The institutions which merge in this New College are : — 
 
 I, Homerton College, Homerton. Instituted a.d. 1730. 
 For educating young men for the ministry. 
 
 Tutors : the R«v. John Pye Smith, D.D. ; William Smith, Esq., 
 LL.D.; Professor Wallace, M.A. ; Rev. Maurice Neuner. 
 Congregational Board of Education, see next chapter. 
 
 II. Highbury College, Highbury. Instituted 1783. 
 
342 
 
 STKPNEY COLL. £^31100111 /nUllhtinilS. A.D. 1810 
 
 This building has been disposed of to the Comnaittee of 
 the Church of England Training Institution, and greatly 
 extended (vide next chapter). 
 
 Tutors : Rev. Ebenezer Henderson, D.D. ; Rev. John H. God- 
 win ; W. Smith, Esq , LL.D. 
 
 III. Coward College, Torrington-square. Founded on the 
 trust of William Coward, Esq., in 1738. Removed from 
 Wymondley House, Herts, to Torrington-square in 1838. 
 Theological President, Rev. Thomas Jenkyns, D.D. For the 
 other branches of study, the students attend the classes of 
 the professors of University College. 
 
 BAPTIST COLLEGE, Stepney. Established 1810. 
 Candidates for admission as students must apply to the com- 
 mittee by letter, briefly stating, in their own words, " the 
 means of their conversion, and views of the leading articles 
 of Christianity." Each must be recommended by two minis- 
 ters, to whom he is well known, and by the church to which 
 he belongs. On being accepted as a probationer, if the 
 tutors report favourably at the expiration of three months, 
 or sooner, and the committee be satisfied, he is then admitted 
 for the remainder of four years. The present number of 
 students is twenty-one. 
 
 All recommendations from ministers and churches are to 
 be forwarded direct to the Secretaries; — associated with the 
 London University, for granting degrees to its students. 
 
 President, Rev. Joseph Angus, M.A. — Mathematical Tutor, 
 Professor Wallace, M.A. — Professor of German and Syriac, Pro- 
 fessor Neuner. — Treasurer, George T. Kemp, Esq. — Secretaries : 
 Rev. James Holy, D.D., and Rev. Samuel Green. — Consulting 
 Sui^eon, William Cooke, Esq., M.D. 
 
 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, Upper Gower-street, Bed- 
 ford-square. Founded 1825.^ Incorporated 1836. A pro- 
 prietary institution, " for the general advancement of litera- 
 
 ^ The first stone of the huilding was laid by the Dnke of Sussex on 
 the 30th of April 1827. The handsome collegiate building known as Uni- 
 versity Hall is of more recent erection, and only just opened : the cost 
 of the works, designed by Professor Donaldson, and executed by Mr. John 
 Jay, was about ^10,000, exclusive of the houses intended to appear as 
 wings. It forms the centre of the west side of Gordon-square, and is 
 intended for the reception of students generally, now tenanted by a prin- 
 cipal, vice-principal, and a moderate number of students of University 
 College. We are informed that theology, excluded by the rules of the 
 College, will here form the subject of lectures and other means of in- 
 struction. 
 
343 
 
 PNiYERsiTY £kratiiiiiai /minhatiDns. coll.,a.d.i825 
 
 ture and science, by affording to young men adequate oppor- 
 tunities for obtaining literary and scientific education at a 
 moderate expense." The education includes all branches 
 except theology. The plan comprehends public lectures, 
 with examinations by the various professors, who derive 
 their incomes principally from the fees paid by the students. 
 
 The summer term commences May 1, and ends July 31 ; 
 the winter, from October 1 to April 15. 
 
 The amount of annual payment is regulated by the num- 
 ber of classes attended ; but students not nominated by pro- 
 prietors pay OS. additional on every pound, until such addi- 
 tional sums amount to £4. 10s. ; and the matriculation fee 
 of £% releases the student during the whole course of his 
 study from the university fee. The office for the payment 
 of fees, etc., is at the College, and open from nine o'clock till 
 four ; on Saturdays closes at two. 
 
 The Flaherty and Andrews Scholarships, value about £50 
 per annum, are tenable for four years, for which candidates 
 must either be matriculated students, or pupils in the junior 
 school. 
 
 President, Lord Brougham. — Vice-President, Earl Fortescue. 
 — Treasurer, John Taylor, Esq. — Chairman of the Committee of 
 Management, John Wood, Esq. — Dean, and Professor of Eng- 
 lish Language and Literature, Alexander J. Scott, A.M. — Ancient 
 and Modem History, Edward S. Creasy, A.M. ^Mathematics, 
 Augustus De Morgan, Ksq. — Architecture, Thomas L. Donaldson, 
 Esq. — Chemistry, Thomas Graham, Esq.^ — Zoology, Robt. Edmond 
 Grant, M.D. — ItaUan, Signor A. GaUenga.^ — German, Adolph 
 Heimann, Ph. D. — Mechanical Principles of Engineering, Eaton 
 Hodgkinson, Esq. — Philosophy of Mind, and Logic, Rev. John 
 Hoppus, Ph. D. — Comparative Grammar, Thomas Hewitt Key, 
 A.M. — Civil Engineering, Harmaa Lewis, A.M. — Botany, John 
 Lindley, Ph. D. — Greek, Henry Maiden, A.M. — English Law, 
 Joshua Ryland Marshman, A.M. — French, P. F. Merlet, Esq. — 
 Latin, Francis W. Newman, Esq. — Natural Philosophy and Astro- 
 nomy, Richd. Potter, A.M. — Geology, Andrew C. Ramsay, Esq. 
 — Practical Chemistry, Alexander W. Williamson, Ph. D. — Ma- 
 chinery, Bennet Woodcroft, Esq. — Oriental Languages, vacant. — 
 Jurisprudence, Charles James Foster, Esq. — Dean, and Professor 
 of Medicine and Clinical Medicine, W. H. Walshe, M.D. —Surgery 
 and Clinical Surgery, James JL Amott, Esq. — Forensic Medicine, 
 William Carpenter, M.D. — Anatomy (Junior Professor), George 
 V. Ellis, Esq. — Chemistry, Thomas Graham, I^sq. — Comparative 
 Anatomy, Robert Edmond Grant, M.D. ; William Jenner, M.D. 
 Botany, John Lindley, Ph. D. — Obstetric Medicine, Edward W. 
 
344 ^ 
 
 king's, (Bitiiratinn al /niinitatiniig. a.d. 1829 
 
 Murphy, M.D. — Clinical Medicine, Edmund A. Parkes, M.D. — 
 Anatomy and Clinical Surgery, Richard Quain, Esq. — Anatomy 
 and Physiology, William Sharpey, M.D. — Practical Chemistry, 
 Alexander W. Williamson, Ph. U. — Materia Medica, Alfred Gar- 
 rod, M.D. — Secretary, Charles C. Atkinson, Esq. 
 
 University College School, under the Oovernment of tlie 
 Council of the College, and conducted on the some principles. 
 For pupils at any age under fifteen, if they are competent to 
 enter the lowest class. When a boy has attained his six- 
 teenth year, he will not be allowed to remain in the school 
 beyond the end of the current session. 
 
 The school session is divided into three terms : — from 
 September 26 to Christmas ; from Christmas to Easter ; and 
 from Easter to 4th August. Payment for each term is .£6. 
 The hours of attendance are from a quarter past nine to a 
 quarter before four, in which time one hour and a quarter 
 is allowed for recreation. A fixed charge of 3s. 6d. is made 
 for stationery, and books are supplied as required, charge 
 being made accordingly. 
 
 The HoUoway School Fund, consists of a bequest from the 
 late Mr. HoUoway, the interest of which is appropriated to 
 pay the school fees of boys in the school distinguished for 
 their merit, and needing pecuniary assistance for their edu- 
 cation ; such assistance is granted for three terms, and re- 
 newable at the pleasure of the Council. 
 
 Head Masters : Thomas Hewitt Key, M.A. ; Henry Maiden, 
 M.A. — Secretary, Charles C. Atkinson, Esq. 
 
 KING'S COLLEGE, Somerset House, Strand.i Incor- 
 porated 1829. Founded on this fundamental principle, — 
 " that every system of general education for the youth of a 
 Christian community, ought' to comprise instruction in the 
 Christian religion as an indispensable part ; without which 
 the acquisition of other branches of knowledge will be con- 
 ducive neither to the happiness of the individual nor the 
 welfare of the state." The students received into the col- 
 lege are matriculated students and occasional students. The 
 number of students varies considerably, at present time being, 
 matriculated, 523; and occasional students, 159. The pre- 
 scribed course of education comprises religious instruction, 
 
 ^ Forms the east wing of Somerset House, Strand, with an entrance 
 from the Strand ; erected from desipns by Sir Robert Smirke. Tlie 
 opening of the University College, then called London University, gave 
 rise to this college. 
 
345 
 
 Mnhxn Cnllpgrs. a.d. 1829 
 
 according to the principles of the Established Church ; the 
 Greek and Latin classics, mathematics, English literature, and 
 modem history. A military department has recently been 
 added, open to youths between fifteen and the date of their 
 commission ; the full course to last not less than two years.^ 
 
 Proprietors, or donors of £50, have the privilege of one 
 nomination both to the college and school, at reduced rates. 
 Except in cases of remarkable proficiency, pupils are not ad- 
 mitted under sixteen. The matriculation fee, paid by every 
 student on his admission, is £1. Is. Information as to the 
 fees for the different departments, lectures, <fec., may be ob- 
 tained of the secretary. 
 
 There are libraries attached to the several departments ; 
 the books in which may be used by the students either at 
 the college, or at their own homes. The library fee is £2. 2s. 
 
 Apartments have been fitted up in the college for students 
 not under the age of eighteen years. The terms vary, accord- 
 ing to the position of the rooms, from £50 to £55, in which 
 amount is included every expense during term time. Any 
 student may dine in the college hall at a fixed rate. Resi- 
 dent students are required to dine in hall. 
 
 Principal, Rev. R. W. Jelf, D.D. — Professors. — Divinity : Rev. 
 A. MCaul, D.D., and Hebrew ; Rev. F. D. Maurice, M.A.; Rev. 
 R. C. Trench, M.A.; Rev. W. Biggs, M.A. ; Rev. E. H. Plump- 
 tree, M. A., and Lecturer. — Practice of Physic, George Budd, Esq., 
 M.D. — Midwifery, &c., Arthur Farre, Esq., M.A. — Anatomy, 
 T. Rymer Jones, Esq. — Forensic Medicine, W. A. Guy, M.D. — 
 Classical Literature, Rev. R. W. Browne. — Mathematics, Rev. 
 T. G. Hall.^English Literature and Modem History, Rev. F. D. 
 Maurice ; J. J. Stutzer, Esq. — Oriental Languages, Duncan Forbes, 
 Esq. — French Language, M. Isidore Brasseur. — German Language, 
 Dr. Bemays. — Italian Language, M. V. Pistrucci. — Spanish Lan- 
 guage, R. Lott, Esq. — Chinese Language, S. J. Fearon, Esq. — 
 Vocal Music, John Hullah, Esq. — Drawing and Perspective, M. E. 
 Cotman, Esq. — Fencing, H. Angelo, Esq.^ — Law, Edward Bullock, 
 
 1 It should be stated, that the officers for whose education this depart- 
 ment is designed, are the Cavalry, the Guards, the Line, and East India 
 Company's service. The Council have been led to this addition by dis- 
 covering that it was not the intention of Government to extend Sand- 
 hurst College, or to found any fresh one; and therefore, that it was 
 desirable to give parents an opportunity of choosing between the objec- 
 tions to foreign education, a private and imperfect one at home, or educa- 
 tion at a college possessed of all the resources of instruction, conducted 
 upon principles harmonizing with the institutions of the country. 
 
346 
 
 king's college iBiinralimml l^nnii&atinns. school, a.d.i829 
 
 Esq., M.A. — Theory of the Fine Arts, William Dyce, M.A. — 
 Zoology, Thomas Bell, Esq. — Political Economy, Rev. R. Jones, 
 M.A. — Fortification and Military Tactics, W. Walker, Esq., late 
 Captain of H.M.'s 69th Foot.— Surveying, H. J. Castle, Esq. — 
 Military Drawing, ITiomas Bradley, Esq. — Fencing, H. Angelo, 
 Esq. — Botany, Edward Forbes, Esq. — Mineralogy, James Tennant, 
 Esq. — Geology, D. T. Ansted, Esq., M.A. — Chemistry, W. A. 
 Miller, Esq., M.D. — Treasurers : W. Thompson, Esq., Alderman, 
 M.P. — Secretary, J. W. Cunningham, Esq. — Librarian, Rev. C. 
 G. Nicolay. — Medical ditto, T. Stephen, Esq. 
 
 King's College School. This institution is well adapted, 
 from its central situation, to afford to the inhabitants of the 
 metropolis the advantage of a public grammar school, with 
 the satisfaction and economy arising from domestic care and 
 superintendence. The course of education partakes of a 
 liberal and useful character, adapted equally to professional 
 and commercial pursuits. The general age of admission is 
 nine years. The number of scholars in the school during 
 last year was 609 ; at present time, 463. 
 
 The terms for the course of tuition are 18 guineas, with 
 one guinea as an entrance fee. These payments include 
 every charge, except for books and stationery. The school 
 year is divided into three terms : Christmas, Midsummer, 
 and 1st of May. Proprietors of the college have the privilege 
 of nominating pupils at 15 guineas. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. J. R. Major, D.D.- Second Master, Rev. 
 J. Edwards, M.A.— Third Master, Rev. J. Feamley, M.A.— Trea- 
 surer, Alderman William Thompson, M.P. 
 
 In consequence of the wrong impression frequently re- 
 ceived respecting the present title of University College, it 
 may be useful here to state, that — 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, Somerset House, 
 instituted 1837, is for the examination of candidates, and 
 the granting of degrees to students educated at institutions 
 in connexion with the University,^ — as University College, 
 King's College, Stepney College, and others situate in various 
 
 1 Incorporated, by letters patent, in the seventh year of the reign of 
 William IV, and the first year of the reign of Queen Victoria, 1837, — 
 " to hold forth to all classes and denominations of Her Majesty's faithful 
 subjects, without any distinction whatsoever, an encouragement for pur- 
 suing a regular and liberal course of education "; and, " considering that 
 many persons do prosecute or complete their studies, both in the metro- 
 polis and in otiier parts of the United Kingdom, to whom it is expedient 
 
347 
 
 queen's, 'Mnhm Cnllriirs. a.d. i848 
 
 parts of the kingdom. Regulations of the Senate resjiecriiig 
 age, proficiency, fees, etc., may be obtained at R. and J. E. 
 Taylor's, printers to the University, Red Lion-court. Certi- 
 ficates of studentship must be forwarded to the Registrar 
 fourteen days before each examination. 
 
 Supported partly by fees, and partly by Government grant ; 
 the latter amounting, for the present year, to £4,000 ; the 
 former estimated at £1,000, — devoted to the following ex- 
 penditure, viz., £3,000 in salaries to the various examiners, 
 registrar, etc. ; £1,070 in scholarships and exhibitions; and 
 about £500 in miscellaneous disbursements and wages, «fec. 
 
 Chancellor, Earl of Burlington.— Vice-Chancellor, J. G. Shaw 
 Lefevre, Esq.— Registrar, R. W. Rothman, M.D. — Clerk to the 
 Senate, Mr. H. Moore. 
 
 QUEER'S COLLEGE, LONDON, 67, Harley-street. 
 Established, 1848, for general female education, and for 
 granting to governesses certificates of qualification. It is an 
 offshoot of the Governesses' Benevolent Institution (see page 
 260) ; and arose from the conductors of that institution 
 being led to a plan of examining into the attainments of 
 governesses in quest of situations, and granting certificates 
 of approval to those who could stand the test. For this 
 purpose it was found necessary to establish a committee of 
 gentlemen, — to use the language of their introductory lec- 
 ture, — "competent, individually, to examine in every branch 
 of knowledge." This committee appears to have consisted 
 chiefly, if not entirely, of professors of King's College, who, 
 " one by one came forward, offering the assistance of their 
 
 that there should be offered such facilities, and on whom it is just that 
 there should be such distinctions and rewards as may incline them to 
 pursue these their laudable pursuits : We do. by virtue of our preroga- 
 tive royal, etc., etc., constitute William Earl of Burlington, etc., one 
 body politic and corporate, by the name oi' the University of London ; for 
 the purpose of ascertaining, by means of examination, the persons who 
 have acquired proficiency in literature, science, and art, by the ptir-iuit 
 of such course of education, and of rewarding them by academical de- 
 grees, as evidence of their respective attainments, and marks of honour 
 proportioned thereunto." The Charter provides, that not only University 
 College and King's College, London, shall issue certificates to candidates 
 lor degrees in arts or laws, but " also all other institutions, corporate or 
 unincorporated, establislied lor the purpose of education, whether in the 
 metropolis or elsewhere, which the Sovereign, under her sign manual, 
 shall authorise to issue such certificates." 
 
348 
 
 queen's coll. (Ehratinnal ^nnn^atinns a.d. i848 
 
 practised skill and acknowledged learning. These gentle- 
 men soon discovered, that to do any real good, they must 
 go further ; they must fit the governesses for their examin- 
 ation, and provide an education for female teachers ; finally 
 coming to the conclusion that it was expedient to extend 
 that instruction beyond the governess in fact and the gover- 
 ness in prospect, — to all who might choose to avail them- 
 selves of it." The result has been the present establishment. 
 
 The instruction is chiefly given in courses of lectures, 
 delivered by gentlemen connected with King's College, and 
 other professors of celebrity ; and classes meet, in the various 
 branches of education, twice a week, both preparatory and 
 advanced, according to the enlarged requirements of the 
 present day, in classes open to all ladies, of twelve years old 
 and upwards, on payment of a moderate fee per quarter.^ 
 About 250 are understood to be now on the list of pupils ; 
 the number in each class averaging about twenty, and the 
 number of classes which each individual attends, varying at 
 pleasure. In addition to these, there are preparatory classes 
 for young ladies from nine to twelve ; and evening classes 
 for governesses at other times engaged in the duties of their 
 profession, — the latter gratuitous. The whole is under the 
 watchful superintendence of the Ladies Visitors. 
 
 Further particulars may be ascertained at the College, or 
 from the Secretary to the parent Society, 32, Sackville-street; 
 or the Deputy Chairman at the College, every Wednesday 
 before two o'clock. 
 
 To such as are desirous of arriving at the full plan and 
 principles of this institution, we cordially recommend the 
 perusal of a late article in the Quarterly Review (No. 172). 
 The writer very fully and fairly discusses the merits and 
 deficiencies of the institution; and his views are well deserv- 
 ing the consideration of all who are desirous of availing 
 themselves of the advantages it offers. It comes not within 
 our province to enter into the same particulars, nor can we 
 afford the space, but we entirely agree in the views of the 
 article referred to. 
 
 Chairman of the Committee of Education, the Rev. F. D. Mau- 
 rice, M.A. — Deputy Chairman, the Rev. C. G. Nicolay. 
 
 ^ The fees are £\ 12s. 6d. for those classes which meet twice in the 
 week ; and £\ Is. for those which meet once ; and a composition of j£9 9s. 
 may be made for eighteen lectures a week per term. 
 
349 
 
 ISLINGTON, 1830 aiiii Bnkrii frljimls. a.d. i837 
 
 QUEEN'S COLLEGE (City branch), has been just 
 formed at No. 4, Artillery-place, Finsbury-square. The course 
 of instruction is under the superintendence of the Committee 
 of Education in Harley-street, and the domestic arrange- 
 ments superintended by a committee of ladies. The terms, 
 and other details, appear to be similar to those of the parent 
 establishment. 
 
 Honorary Secretaries : J. R. Thomson, M.A.; John Lyon, Esq. 
 
 ISLINGTON PROPRIETARY SCHOOL, IsHngton. 
 Established 1830. Combining instruction with domestic 
 habits, the whole being based on Christian principles. The 
 course of instruction includes the Greek, Latin, French, and 
 English languages. Pupils must be sons of proprietors, or 
 nominated by them. In the latter case, two respectable 
 references are required, and a ballot is taken by the directors 
 on the nomination. A meeting of the directors is held on 
 the second Tuesday in every month. Notices of nomina- 
 tions are to be sent to the Secretary five days previous to 
 such meeting. 
 
 Terms, according to the proficiency of the pupils, in the 
 Upper School, sixteen guineas per annum ; in the Second 
 School, fourteen guineas per annum ; in the Third School, 
 twelve guineas per annum. Two scholarships are attached 
 to the school, value .£30 each, for four years. 
 
 President, Rev. Daniel Wilson.- — Secretary, Mr. Oldershaw, 
 Mansion House, Lower-street. — Head Master, Rev. Robert Wheler 
 Bush, M.A. 
 
 CITY OF LONDON SCHOOL, Milk-street, Cheapside, 
 based upon an old endowment, but is a modem school, 
 established 1837, "for the sons of respectable persons who 
 are engaged in professional, commercial, or trading pursuits, 
 between the ages of seven and fifteen." The general plan 
 of instruction includes the English, Latin, Greek, French, 
 and German languages. The hours of attendance are from 
 nine till twelve, and from two to four, in the winter months ; 
 and from two to five for the remainder of the year. The 
 school year is divided into three terms ; the charge being, 
 for each pupU, £2 15s. a term ; drawing extra, 14s. a term. 
 A printed application (obtainable of the Secretary) is re- 
 quired to be filled up by the parent or guardian, and signed 
 by some member of the Corporation of London, previous to 
 admission. In addition to the fees from pupils, the school 
 
350 
 
 PHILOLOGICAL euuratJunal jFcmihtimis a.d. 1792 
 
 is supported by an income of £900 a year from estates left 
 for that purpose by John Carpenter, Town Clerk to the City 
 in the time of Henry VI. Eight free scholarships, on the 
 foundation, are attached to this school as rewards of merit, 
 to be determined by an examination at Midsummer, and 
 several have since been added by the liberality of individual 
 citizens ; amongst w hich is one known as the " Times Scho- 
 larship" (vide Christ's Hospital); others by Mr. Thomas 
 Tegg's "Sheriff fine"; by Henry Beaufoy, Esq.; D. Salomans, 
 Esq.; J. Travers, Esq., etc. The prizes and medals awarded 
 are likewise very numerous and valuable. The candidates 
 must be between eleven and fifteen years of age, and have 
 been at least three years at the school. The advantages of 
 each scholarship are equal to from £35 to £50 per annum, 
 besides a premium of £50 on the successful candidate leav- 
 ing school. Attendance given at the office daily, between 
 the hours of ten and four. 
 
 Head Master, Rev. George F. W. Mortimer, D.D., of Queen's 
 College, Oxford. — Second Master, Mr. Robert Pitt Edkins, M.A., 
 of Trinity College, Cambridge.— Professor of Geometry in Gresham 
 College ; and seventeen others.- — Secretary, Mr. Thomas Brewer. 
 
 London (City) School for Orphans of Freemen. It is con- 
 sidered advisable to give a short notice of this contemplated 
 school, as it is more than probable that its omission would 
 cause some misapprehension with the preceding, as mention 
 of this will doubtless be brought before the public during 
 the next session of Parliament, when it is intended "to make 
 application for an Act establishing a school for the mainte- 
 nance and education of orphans of freemen of the City of 
 London ; and for power to appropriate to the purpose the 
 property and funds of the London Workhouse, and the un- 
 applied portions of fines received from persons nominated 
 as Sheriffs, and also the freedom-fees payable to the Corpo- 
 ration." 
 
 Notice has been given of this application, by public adver- 
 tisement, of the City Remembrancer, Edward Tyrrell, Esq. 
 The management of the school, and appointment of the 
 masters, will most likely be vested in the Corporation. 
 
 PHILOLOGICAL SCHOOL, Gloucester-place, near 
 Lisson-grove, New-road. Founded 1792. In union with 
 King's College, and offers first-class education, gratuitously, 
 for the sons of clergymen, naval ^nd military officers, pro- 
 
351 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL HUt MihXU §>ll)Ui5, A.D. 1811 
 
 fessioaal men, merchants, manufacturers, clerks in public 
 offices, the higher order of tradesmen, and other persons of 
 an equally respectable class of society, whose families have 
 been in better circumstances, and are reduced. There are 
 also contributory scholars, who pay an annual sum for their 
 instruction. 
 
 Five guineas annually, or fifty guineas at one time, con- 
 stitutes a governor, entitled to have one boy always in the 
 school, with immediate admission. Three guineas annually, 
 or thirty guineas at one time, entitles to have one boy of 
 nine years of age, to continue till the age of fourteen, always 
 in the school. Two guineas annually, or twenty guineas at 
 one time, entitles to present a boy of ten years of age, to be 
 admitted in rotation, as vacancies occur. One guinea 
 per annum, or ten guineas at one time, after the expiration 
 of three years, or by the additional payment of three guineas, 
 entitles to present a boy of ten years of age, for admission 
 in rotation, as vacancies occur. 
 
 The following is a summary of the scholars in the insti- 
 tution at the commencement of the year : — 
 
 Of the sons of naval and military officers, 4 ; of profes- 
 sional men, 29 ; of clerks in public offices, 1 1 ; of merchants, 
 manufacturers, and the higher order of tradesmen, 26 ; 
 total, 70 : Contributory scholars, 58. — Total, 128. 
 
 The annual expenses are about ^1,300, defrayed by divi- 
 dends on stock, to the amount of i/'430 per annum ; payments 
 from pupils, ^620 ; and the remainder depending on volun- 
 tary contributions. 
 
 Visitor, Bishop of London. — President, Lord Portman. — Trea- 
 surer, John Turner, Esq. — Solicitors, Messrs. Jupp, Carpenter's 
 Hall. — Secretary and Head Master, Mr. Edwin Abbott. — Senior 
 Assistant, Mr. Horatio J. Ward. — French Master, Mr. Stanislas 
 Bard. — Collector, Mr. Henry Manwell, 100, Milton-st. Dorset-sq. 
 
 COyOREGATIOiYAL SCHOOL, Lewisham, Kent. 
 Instituted 1811. For boarding and educating the sons of 
 ministers of the congregational or independent denomina- 
 tions of England and Wales Candidates must be of the 
 age of nine years, and under twelve ; and, on election, re- 
 main five years. The elections take place each half-year, 
 and all annual subscribers of one, or donors of ten guineas, 
 have as many votes as there are children to be elected. The 
 committee have the power of occasionally taking in a few 
 pupils, at the rate of £15 per annum. The course of educa- 
 
352 
 
 ACADEMY OF (Btoatinnal jFniinhtiniis music, a .d. 1822 
 
 tion consists of English, Latin, Greek, etc., and especially 
 the principles of the Christian religion. Number of youths 
 at present educated, forty-three, nine of whom are paid with, 
 as above. The expenses, generally, are met by an income 
 of about £1,100 per annum, derived from voluntary con- 
 tributions. 
 
 Classical Master, Rev. W. J. Hope. — Resident Master, Mr. 
 G. Cox. — Treasurer, W. A. Hankey, Esq. — Secretary, Rev. G. 
 Rose. — Collector, Mr. E. Shrewsbury, 16, King's-row, "Walworth. 
 
 ROYAL ACADEMY OF MUSIC, Tenterden-street, 
 Hanover-square. Instituted 1822 ; incorporated 1830, — to 
 promote the cultivation of the science of music, and afford 
 facilities for attaining perfection in it, by assisting, with 
 general instruction, the natives of this country ; and to pro- 
 vide for them the means of an honourable and comfortable 
 livelihood. 769 pupils have been instructed since the foun- 
 dation; of whom 60 have been gratuitous, and 189 at re- 
 duced payments. The amount required for the institution 
 is only half met by the payments ; the rest by subscriptions ^ 
 and dividends. Four scholarships are attached to the insti- 
 tution ; two competed for each Christmas, open to all com- 
 petitors from the age of twelve to eighteen. Candidates for 
 admission must attend for examination on Thursdays, at 
 two o'clock, with a subscriber's recommendation. The full 
 payments are, for in-students, fifty guineas per annum, and 
 ten guineas entrance ; out-students, thirty guineas per an- 
 num, and five guineas entrance. The funds are in part 
 supported by dividends from stock, amounting, at present 
 time, to about £10,000. Students, in after life, have a claim 
 on the institution, at the discretion of the committee, for 
 assistance in their professional career. 
 
 President, Earl of Westmoreland. — General Superintendent, 
 Charles J. Lyon, Esq. — Governess, Mrs. Wise. — Secretary, Mr. 
 J. Gimson. — Librarian, Mr. G. I. Baker.— Bankers, Messrs. 
 Coutts and Co. — Principal of the Musical Department, Mr. Cipriani 
 Potter. 
 
 ROYAL NA VAL SCHOOL,^qv{ Cross,Deptford. Esta- 
 blished 1833; incorporated 1840. To enable the less affluent 
 of naval and marine officers, of not lower than ward-room 
 rank, to give their sons a sound general education, combined 
 
 ^ Her Majesty the Queen has contributed £\06 annually since the 
 I'omnienuemeut of her reign. 
 
353 
 
 BOYAL NAYAL (Etorgtiniial jFminktinns. female,a.d.i84o 
 
 with moral and religious instruction, at the lowest possible 
 expense consistent with the further object of bestowing the 
 same education gratuitously, or at a very reduced charge, to 
 a limited number of the sons of such officers in necessitous 
 circumstances, — giving a preference to the orphans of those 
 who may have fallen in the country's service. 
 
 The present building is most favourably situated, at New 
 Cross, commanding a view of Greenwich Hospital ;i it will 
 afford accommodation for about 200 pupils ; a proportion of 
 these pay either £25 or £31 per annum, medical attendance, 
 books, stationery, washing, etc. included. Some are admitted 
 on the annual payment of one month's half-pay of the 
 father ; or, if dead, one month's amount of the widow's pen- 
 sion ; and others are received gratuitously. No pupils are 
 admitted under the age of eight, or above the age of four- 
 teen ; and none are allowed to remain after eighteen years. 
 Forms of application for the gratuitous and reduced scholar- 
 ships may be obtained of the Secretary. 
 
 One guinea annually, or ten guineas at once, constitute 
 members; and all naval and marine officers, by paying annu- 
 ally one day's half-pay of their respective ranks. Donors of 
 £100 enjoy the privilege of nominating pupils ; of £500, of 
 always having one pupil in the school for gratuitous board 
 and education. The funds are supported by voluntary con, 
 tributions to the extent of £1,100 annually; and by pupils' 
 payments, i)4,000 annually ; but the disbursements rather 
 exceed the total income. The funded property is under 
 £'4,000. 
 
 President, Admiral Bowles, Esq. — Treasurer, Andrew Robert 
 Drummond, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Drummond and Co., Charing- 
 cross ; Messrs. Hoare and Co., Fleet-street. — Mr. Alfred Eames. 
 — Head Master, Rev. Thomas Chambers, M.A. — Matron, Mrs. 
 M. A. Jones. 
 
 ROYAL NA VAL FEMALE SCHOOL; office,32,Sack- 
 ville-street. Founded, 1840, by the late admiral Sir Thomas 
 Williams, to bestow upon the daughters of necessitous naval 
 and marine officers, of and above ward-room rank, at the 
 lowest reduction of cost practicable, a good, virtuous, and 
 religious education, in conformity with the principles and 
 doctrines of the Church of England. The ages for admission 
 are from ten to fifteen ; but no pupil can remain longer than 
 
 ^ Upon land the property of Christ's Hospital. 
 
 23 
 
3o4 _^__ 
 
 KOYAL NAVAL (BhtHtinnal ^nnnktimis. female,a.p.i84o 
 
 five years, nor after the age of eighteen, unless under special 
 circumstances. The claims for admission to be founded 
 upon the services of the father and circumstances of the 
 family. After the case is adjudged by the committee to be 
 a proper one, it is submitted to the subscribers, who decide 
 on the admittance of a pupil by vote. Every subscriber is 
 entitled to four votes for each guinea. The election takes 
 place at the annual meeting in April. The committee meet 
 the last Wednesday in every month, at twelve o'clock. 
 
 The establishment is situated at Richmond, Surrey ;i and 
 at present there are eighty-three daughters of naval and 
 marine officers ; twenty-seven of whom are received on the 
 annual payment of thirty or thirty-five guineas, and fifty- 
 six at £12 per annum ; the establishment defraying the 
 larger amount of actual cost through the means of voluntary 
 contributions. Of the number of pupils on the reduced scale 
 of payment, five have lost both parents, and thirty-four 
 others have lost their fathers. 
 
 The total annual expenditure is under £4,000 ; defrayed, 
 by pupils' payments, to the extent of £1,600 ; interest, and 
 other property, £540 ; and the remainder depending upon 
 voluntary contributions, last year realizing £1,753. 
 
 President, Earl Man vers. — Treasurer, F. Alleyne M'Geachy, 
 Esq. — Honorary Secretaries, Commander Hon. F. Maude, R.N. ; 
 Commander George Hope, R.N. — Lady Governess, Miss Clifton. 
 — Clerical Visitor, Rev. T. W. D. Hales. — Hon. Consulting 
 Physician, Dr. Julius, Richmond. — Honorary Surgeon, F. Julius, 
 Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co. — Managing 
 Secretary, Mr. Arthur Ellis, Purser R.N. — Honorary Solicitor, 
 Thomas Graham, Esq. 
 
 ' The founder liberally and judiciously bequeathed, besides ^1 ,000, 
 the payment of jt'lOO per annum, for seven years, to pay the rent of this 
 estublishment ; " to meet the usual difficulties of a newly-formed institute." 
 
355 
 
 Snstitiitifliis fnr itrnmnting Uatinnal lEkratimi. 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 INSTITUTIONS FOR AIDING AND IMPROV- 
 ING NATIONAL EDUCATION. 
 
 The object of promoting Christian Knowledge closely identified with that 
 of educating the Poor, — The necessity for Extension of National Edu- 
 cation recognized. — The difference of Opinion as to its Character. — 
 Secular and Religious Education. — Views of the present Government, 
 and their Measures. — Summary of the Institutions contained in this 
 Chapter, with their Aggregate Amount of Income, &<:. — Committee of 
 Privy Council. — Kneller Hall. — Bell and Lancaster's first efforts. — 
 The British, National, Infant, and other School Societies — Metropolitan 
 School Statistics. — Metropolitan and Cheltenham Training Schools. — 
 Educational Boards. — Institutions for theDifiusion of Christian Know- 
 ledge and Influence. — Lord's Day Society. — Protestant and Reforma- 
 tion Societies. — Church Extension and Clerical Aid Fund. — Christian 
 Visiting, by Pastoral and Lay Agents. — Ragged Schools. — Cottage 
 Schools. — Sunday Schools. — Institute for Teachers. — Young Men's 
 Societies. 
 
 With the various institutions for improving and extending 
 national education, we have connected such as aid in pro- 
 moting Christian knowledge ; including in the present chap- 
 ter those having a more immediate reference to instruction 
 at home, and devoting the next chapter to those more spe- 
 cially engaged in propagating the same abroad. 
 
 We have thus classed National Education and Christian 
 Knowledge Societies together, from a conviction that their 
 objects are too intimately connected for the separation of 
 their operations to be effectual ; and at the present day, 
 when the claims of the poorer classes to liberal and general 
 education are so readily acknowledged, and at times even 
 extravagantly met, it appears desirable that no opportunity 
 should be omitted, by even the most humble advocate of 
 Christian instruction, of advancing its claims to equal, or 
 
356 
 
 li&ing k iniprniiing 
 
 rather prior, consideration with secular knowledge — in all 
 provisions for national instruction. The '' Knowledge is 
 power" of one, is now aptly echoed by the "Ignorance is vice 
 in action" of another; both are taken up and acted upon 
 with energy and prompt philanthropy by the generous and 
 the influential, whilst the falsity attached to each proposition 
 is, in a measure, overlooked or forgotten. Daily experience 
 proves, that mere human knowledge is a ''power" of evil as 
 well as good ; and that crime is more the product of abused 
 knowledge than "active ignorance": what does this teach, 
 but that a higher and more enduring principle requires im- 
 planting ? — in the mind of the young especially; thus much is 
 man's work ; the Christian's duty — and privilege — to promote 
 and assist ; and it is God's promise, and his certain power and 
 will, to render the same effective. It is a matter of astonish- 
 ment, that so many can join in the cry of educate ! educate ! 
 with the object in view of " secular" knowledge only, and 
 that propositions can be entertained of authorizing and 
 encouraging schools where Holy Scripture is avowedly ex- 
 cluded : such can only, one would think, be influenced by 
 one of two principles — either that secular or non-religious 
 education is better than religious ; or, that it will lead to, 
 and promote religion. As the first of these positions can 
 only be seriously entertained by the infidel ; so does all 
 human experience rise up to controvert the second. The 
 tendency of training for the present life, is only to confirm 
 the bent of man's natural affections and material pursuits : 
 he requires a counteracting influence, and that knowledge 
 that maketh wise unto salvation, imparted in early years, 
 when, as the good king of Prussia once forcibly expressed it, 
 " the mind receives impressions with the flexibility of wax, 
 and retains them with the durability of bronze."^ 
 
 Whatever be the arguments used by the advocates of this 
 system of " non-religious" education, and however specious 
 the pretext under which they may be introduced, it is 
 ardently to be desired they may be opposed as effectually, 
 as upon occasion of a recent debate. Amongst other oppo- 
 nents of such a measure for national adoption, it was grati- 
 fying to observe the first minister, in a speech, qualified in 
 parts it might be, and temperate throughout, express firm 
 
 ^ " Scratch the rhind of the tender sapling, and the gnarled oak will 
 tell of it for centuries." — Tupper. 
 
357 
 
 GEXEBAL Hatiitnal (Biicratimi. bemakks, 
 
 determination to retain Holy Scripture in all government 
 enactments for the education of the people.^ 
 
 In thus advocating the claims of the poor to Scriptural in- 
 struction, we would not be misunderstood, or thought to under- 
 value the present gratifying movement for promoting general 
 education : the amount of moral and intellectual destitution, 
 daily developed through the length and breadth of the land, 
 demands it ; but it must not be supplied to the neglect of 
 the still worse and more appalling extent of spiritual desti- 
 tution. This requires, and likewise demands, our utmost 
 eflForts and strenuous advocacy ; that, not only in voluntary, 
 but, what is much more important, in government provision, 
 the religious wants of the people may be recognized, and, as 
 far as practicable, supplied. Neither can we join in the ob- 
 jections raised to the government plan as at present deve- 
 loped ; or sympathize with those who refuse to receive its 
 assistance and facilities, as offered by the " Committee of 
 Council," — deeming it neither wise nor desirable to scru- 
 tinize for defects in that which, taken as a whole, must be 
 characterized as comprehensive, and calculated to secure a 
 system of education adapted to the necessities of the people ; 
 with the peculiar recommendation, moreover, that it offers 
 an unprecedented stimulant to the corresponding exertions 
 of all friends of Christian instruction. 
 
 The following summary of institutions contained in this 
 chapter, affords a condensed view of the metropolitan re- 
 sources devoted to the purposes referred to. 
 
 11 school societies, boards and unions (exclu- 
 sive of the Privy Council Committee), 
 the annual income of which amounts in 
 
 the aggregate,^ to . . . .£35,269 
 
 ^ " Nothing but the most absolute necessity should oblige Parliament 
 to establish an education for the children of this country, in which reli- 
 gion should be entirely excluded, — in which the immortal part of man 
 should be altogether forgotten. It would be a great fault, when you are 
 providing a law for the instruction of the people of this country, not to 
 inform them of the great and leading truths of religion ; and, I think, 
 when you are teaching moral doctrines, you lose nine-tenths of the force 
 with which they might be inculcated, if you omit to tell the pupils that 
 these are the precepts which are given by divine authority, which have 
 received divine sanction, and upon which their eternal welfare or misery 
 is to depend." — Lord J. Russell's Speech, April 17, 1850, on Mr. J. W. 
 Fox's Education Bill. 
 
 ^ These amounts are, of couree, independent of all local operations, 
 
358 
 
 COMMITTEE OF iHiiiiig ^ imprDDiiig privy council. 
 
 of which, there is derived from voluntary 
 
 contributions .... ^28,291 
 12 book and tract societies, for promoting Chris- 
 tian knowledge and influence, 
 with an aggregate income of, — 
 
 from sale of publications . ,£113,280 
 voluntary contributions . £45,825 
 funded and other sources . £7,672 
 Total . . . . _ .£166,777 
 
 17 societies for church and chapel extension, 
 clerical aid, pastoral and lay visiting, <fcc. 
 with an aggregate income of, — 
 
 from voluntary contributions £83,737 
 funded and other sources . £30,406 
 Total £114,143 
 
 COMMITTEE OF COUNCIL ON EDUCATION 
 Privy Council Office, Downing-street. Committee of Her 
 Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, appointed to su- 
 perintend the application of all monies voted by Parliament 
 for the promotion of public education in Great Britain.^ 
 
 All communications to this department are to be addressed 
 to — " The Secretary, Committee of Council on Education, 
 Privy Council Office, Downing-street." 
 
 Members of Committee : Marquis of Lansdowne (Lord Pre- 
 sident) ; Earl of Minto ; Earl of Carlisle ; Earl of Clarendon ; 
 Lord John Russell, M.P. ; Right Hon. Sir George Grey, Bart., 
 M.P.; Right Hon. Thomas Babington Macaulay ; Right Hon. Sir 
 Charles Wood, Bart., M.P. ; Sir J. P. Kay Shuttleworth, Bart. 
 — Assistant Secretary, R. R. W. Lingen, Esq. — Examiner, F. 
 
 as the annual amount expended for educational purposes in the metro- 
 polis alone, including schools of all denominations, nanuot be less than 
 
 ^eioo.ooo. 
 
 ^ The amount of vote for the year ending April 5, 1850, was ^125,000, 
 disbursed much in the following manner : — for the erection of school 
 buildings, 3£'20,000 ; school books, maps, and improved apparatus, ^10,000 ; 
 stipends and gratuities to teachers, and augmentation of schoolmasters' 
 salaries, ^£60,498 ; erection of training schools, j£l 5,000, and education of 
 students therein, j64,000 ; towards Kneller Hall (half-a-year), ^61,750; for 
 salaries and travelling expenses of inspectors, j£17,000 ; salaries in the 
 grant department, £1,800 ; annual grant to the National Society's train- 
 ing schools, ii 1,000 ; ditto British, ^£'750; ditto Education Committee of 
 the Scotch Church, £500 ; and sundries, about £1,200. 
 
 The Commissioners of National Education, Ireland, is a separate board 
 {in Dublii}); aijd the grant placed at their disposal last year was £120,000. 
 
359 
 
 KNELLEK HALL Hfltinngl (gtorfltlnn. a.d. i85o 
 
 R. Sandford, Esq. — Counsel, W. G. Lumley, Esq. — Architect, 
 W. Westmacott, Esq. 
 
 Her Majesty's Inspectors of Schools : Rev. Henry Moseley, 
 M.A. ; Rev. Frederick Charies Cook, M.A. ; Rev. H. Walford 
 Bellairs ; Rev. Frederick Watson ; Joseph Fletcher, Esq. ; John 
 Gordon, Esq. ; Rev. J. J. Blandford ; Rev. Edward Douglas 
 Tinling ; Rev. Muirhead Mitchell ; Edward Carleton Tufnell, 
 Esq. ; Joshua Festin Ruddock, Esq. ; Henry George Bowyer, Esq. ; 
 Thomas Browne Browne, Esq. ; Rev. WiUiam Henry Brookfield, 
 M.A.; John Daniell Morell, Esq.; Jelinger C. Symons, Esq. — 
 John Gibson, Esq. ; Rev. William James Kennedy, M.A, ; Rev. 
 Harry Longueville Jones, M.A. ; Thomas William Marshall, Esq. ; 
 Rev. John Pilkington Norris, M.A. 
 
 Principal of the Training School for Schoolmaster at Knellar- 
 Hall, Rev. Frederick Temple. 
 
 The last named establishment has just been completed, and 
 the following forms an outline of its objects, plan, and regula- 
 tions : The school has already opened, and is intended to be 
 filled gradually. Candidates must not be under seventeen years 
 of age, and must be free from any bodily infirmity tending to 
 impair their usefulness as schoolmasters ; produce certificates 
 of moral character and conduct, and of attention to religious 
 duties ; and pass such an examination as is prescribed for 
 pupil teachers at the close of the third year of their appren- 
 ticeship. Pupil teachers who have been examined for the 
 close of their third year will be admissible to this examina- 
 tion on fulfilment of the conditions, provided they obtain 
 
 ' This handsome new edifice, just completed, and opened for the train- 
 ing of male teachers, is situated at Whitton, a small village between 
 Hounslow and Twickenham. The estate, consisting of about forty-five 
 acres of land, with the mansion originally known as Kneller Hall, was 
 formerly in the possession of Sir Godfrey Kneller, the celebrated state 
 painter, {Charles II, to George I) ; and, about twenty years since, the pro- 
 perty of Mr. Calvert the brewer. The property was purchased a short 
 time since by the Committee of Privy Council on Education, and the 
 house, a plain, square brick dwelling-house, two stories in height, begun 
 in 1709, taken down, and the space covered by the Principals residence, 
 the library, and class-rooms, etc. Kneller Hall School, as now arranged, 
 will afTord accommodation for about one-hundred pupils, with apartments 
 for three masters, and a separate residence for the principal master. The 
 chapel is over the school library, and occupies the entire remaining height 
 of the building. The interior accommodation is rendered as complete as 
 modem science and ingenuity can render it. The building erected from 
 the designs, and under the superintendence of, Mr. George Mair. archi- 
 tect. Mr. John Kelk, builder. The total cost of the establishment has 
 beeq about 4S0fi00. 
 
360 
 
 bell's and i3,fting k iorpTBHiHg Lancaster's 
 
 the consent of the managers and of the other parties to their 
 indentures. The payment required of students is £30 
 a-year, to be paid half-yearly in advance, excepting of such 
 as obtain presentations ; as, among the advantages available, 
 are five exhibitions, of £30 each for one year ; six of £25 
 each for one year ; and ten of £20 each for one year. 
 
 Fuller information on the subject, together with the re- 
 maining conditions to be fulfilled for admission and for ob- 
 taining exhibitions, may be had on application to the Secre- 
 tary, Committee of Council on Education, Whitehall, to 
 whom the names of candidates, with their certificates, have 
 to be sent. 
 
 Before entering upon a statement of the general plan and 
 operations, of the societies called into existence by the vast 
 impulse given to education, at the commencement of this 
 century, it may serve many useful purposes, and certainly 
 not be devoid of interest briefly to detail the origin of the 
 two institutions that come first on our list. 
 
 The merit of originating the system pursued by these two 
 institutions, is attributed to the friends respectively of Mr. 
 Joseph Lancaster and Dr. Bell, and, as in most similar 
 claims, there is much of justice in attributing to each the 
 merit of being founder ; the exertions of the former developed 
 and made public a system which was at the time being pur- 
 sued by the latter : to Lancaster, is due the great public 
 attention first devoted to the subject ; but to Dr. Bell, the 
 first adoption of its principles. 
 
 Whilst superintendent of the Military Orphan Asylum at 
 Madras, in 1791, Dr. BelP one day observed a boy, belonging 
 to a Malabar school, writing in the sand ; thinking that me- 
 thod of writing very convenient, both as regards cheapness 
 and facility, he introduced it in the school of the asylum, 
 and as the usher refused to teach by that method, he em- 
 ployed one of the cleverest boys to teach the rest. The 
 experiment of teaching by a boy was so remarkably success- 
 ful, that he extended it to the other branches of instruction, 
 and soon organized the whole school under boy teachers, 
 who were themselves instructed by the doctor. On his re- 
 turn to England, he published a report of the Madras Orphan 
 Asylum, in which he particularly pointed out the new mode 
 of school organization, as far more efficient than the old. 
 
 1 Mr. Bell received his diploma of M.D. in 1787, and of D.D. in 1812. 
 
361 
 
 FiKST EFFORTS, j^atiinial 6iiiiratiim. a.d. 1791-1811 
 
 This publication took place in 1797, and in the following 
 year Dr. Bell introduced the system into the school of St. 
 Botolph's, Aldgate, London. He afterwards introduced it 
 at Kendal, and made attempts with small success to obtain 
 its adoption in Edinburgh. Settling down soon after as 
 rector of Swanage in Dorsetshire, he was secluded from 
 the world for some years ; yet he retained his strong opinion 
 of the value of the new system of education, and had the 
 school at Swanage conducted on that system. 
 
 In the meanwhile Joseph Lancaster, son of a Chelsea 
 pensioner, in the Borough-road, London, opened a school in 
 his father's house, in the year 1798, at the early age of 
 eighteen. He had been usher in schools, and being of an 
 original, enterprising, and ardent character, he had himself 
 made improvements in tuition. Dr. Bell's pamphlet hav- 
 ing fallen in his way, he adopted the Madras system with 
 eagerness, making various alterations in its details. In the 
 year 1802, he had brought his school into a very perfect state 
 of organization, and found himself as well able to teach 250 
 boys with the aid of the senior boys as teachers, as before to 
 teach 80. His enthusiasm and benevolence led him to con- 
 ceive the practicability of bringing all the children of the 
 poor under education by the new system, which was not only 
 so attractive as to make learning a pleasure to the children, 
 but was so cheap as exceedingly to facilitate the establish- 
 ment and support of schools for great numbers of the poor. 
 He published pamphlets recommending the plan, and in one 
 of them ascribes the chief merit of the system to Dr. Bell, 
 whom he afterwards visited at Swanage. His own school he 
 made free, and obtained subscriptions from friends of edu- 
 cation for its support.^ The Duke of Bedford, having been 
 invited to visit it, became a warm and liberal patron of the 
 system. Lancaster pushed his plan with the ceaseless energy 
 of an enthusiast ; nothing daunted or discouraged him ; he 
 asked subscriptions for new schools from every quarter ; 
 and at length he was admitted to an interview with the 
 king (at Weymouth in 1805). Being charmed with what 
 he heard of his large designs, the admirable order and effi- 
 ciency of his schools, and also with the simplicity and 
 overflowing benevolence of the man, his majesty subscribed 
 £100 a year, the queen £50, and the princesses £25 each, 
 
 ^ Lancaster was a member of the Society of Friends ; and he received 
 much encouragement and assistance from them. 
 
362 
 
 THE MADRAS Ijitjiig ^ iin|irnnnig system. 
 
 to the extension of the " Lancasterian system." The king 
 also declared himself to be the patron of the society Avhich 
 was soon afterwards formed to promote education on this 
 system. 
 
 Such was the origin of the " British and Foreign School 
 Society."! 
 
 Dr. Bell's method thus publicly brought forward and ad- 
 vocated, in process of time was adopted in the Lambeth 
 schools, by the Archbishop of Canterbury : and in the Royal 
 Military School, by the Duke of York's authority ; numerous 
 schools forthwith springing into existence upon what is 
 known to this day as the Madras system ; the distinctive fea- 
 tures between these and such as were founded by Lancaster's 
 party, consisting in the extent to which the religious instruc- 
 tion should be mixed with the secular ; the former, as a cler- 
 gyman of the Established Church, advocating the inculcation 
 of the truths of Christianity as held in the Church articles 
 and formularies ; the latter, representing the dissenting in- 
 terests, admitted the reception of the Bible as the foundation 
 of all instruction, but without any note or comment. This 
 still remains the essential difference between the two socie- 
 ties and the schools conducted on their principles. In 1808, 
 Dr. Bell endeavoured to induce the government to take up 
 his plans, and to establish " A National Board" of Educa- 
 tion, with schools placed under the management of the 
 parochial clergy. In this he failed, but friends of the Estab- 
 lished Church rallied round him, and, through their efforts 
 and under the patronage of the bishops and clergy, the 
 National Society was eventually formed in 1811. 
 
 In addition to these great societies, and the rising estab-^ 
 lishment of the Home and Colonial Infant schools, efforts are 
 being made on a large scale by the Wesleyans for building 
 schools in different parts of the country ; the original scheme 
 being, it was stated, to build 700 in seven years ; the Con- 
 gregationalists also, it will be seen, are about commenc- 
 ing an extension of their training and model establish- 
 
 1 Originally designated " The Royal Lancasterian Institution for pro- 
 motiug the Education of the Children of the Poor." In 1808, Lancaster 
 resigning his affairs into the hands of trustees, it assumed more of the 
 character of a public institution. 
 
 ^ Mr. Lancaster died in 1838, supported, in his later days, solely by 
 an annuity purchased for him by a few old and attached friends. Dr. 
 Bell died in 1832, leaving the princely sum of ;£120,000 for the encoa- 
 ragement of literature and the advancement of education. 
 
363 
 
 BKIT. & FOKEIGN HHtilHIIll (B&Hrirtillll. SCHOOL, A.D. 1805 
 
 ment in the metropolis, with the view of increasing and im- 
 proving their schools. Most of the local schools in the 
 metropolis, indeed with few if any exceptions, are connected 
 either directly or indirectly with one of the principal socie- 
 ties or other unions and boards detailed in this chapter ; 
 consequently, we are enabled, with some little trouble, to 
 afford statistics respecting them, trustworthy under each, if 
 not as a whole, satisfactory. The British Society, being the 
 oldest established, appears entitled to first consideration. 
 
 BRITISH AND FOREIGN SCHOOL SOCIETY. 
 Borough-road. Established 1805, For the promotion of the 
 daily instruction of the children of the labouring poor, and 
 for the training of teachers ; differing from the National 
 Society, by the following fundamental principle : " that no 
 catechism, or church formulary, shall be taught in any school 
 connected therewith or assisted thereby, and that every child 
 shall be expected to attend the Sabbath school, or place of 
 worship, which its parents prefer"^ — the desire being to unite 
 every denomination of dissenters for the purpose of Chris- 
 tian education," The selection and training of suitable 
 young persons as teachers with the same views, is a great 
 object of the society, and for that purpose it maintains 
 model schools and normal seminaries for both sexes. 
 
 The Model Boys' School numbers nearly 700 children in 
 daily attendance ; the girls' school, 300, Since their estab- 
 lishment, 52,828 children have been received. 
 
 The Normal Seminaries are for instructing teachers, to fit 
 them for the right performance of their duties. Since the 
 formation of the society, nearly 3,000 teachers have thus 
 been selected and trained. 
 
 Local schools, although conducted on the plan and prin- 
 ciples of the society, are governed by independent local 
 committees ; the schools in the immediate neighbourhood of 
 London, are regularly inspected once in three months, under 
 the direction of the Parent Society, and those in the country 
 receive visits as frequently as is practicable : 167 schools, 
 containing 23,823 scholars, are under the supervision of the 
 London inspector : and 58 distinct country schools, with 
 7,205 scholars, within 10 miles of London, 
 
 ^ Here the most improved methods of instruction may he seen in 
 actual operation. The Schools are open to visitors every day (Sundays 
 excepted) from 10 to 12 o'clock, and from 2 to 4. 
 
364 
 
 THE NATIONAL MjUg ^ imptDDiHg SOCIETY, A.B. 1811 
 
 The society likewise extends its operations in establishing 
 schools in the colonies, France, Spain, and South America. 
 
 In consequence of the increase during the last five years 
 of 660 in the number of schools, and of 7000 children, the 
 society has lately issued an appeal for the extension of 
 normal schools, and is about establishing one on a large 
 scale, to commence with at Bristol. 
 
 The gross receipts are about £11,560 annually, derived 
 nearly half from the sale of publications, and the remainder 
 from voluntary contributions. One guinea annual or ten 
 guineas donation, constitutes a member entitled to school 
 books and stationery at reduced prices. 
 
 President, Duke of Uedford.- — Treasurer, Samuel Gumey, Esq. 
 — Secretary, Henry Dunn, Esq. — Collector, Mr. Thomas Boulton, 
 31, Westmorland-place, City-road. 
 
 THE NA TIONAL SOCIETY, Sanctuary, Westminster. 
 Established 1811 ; incorporated 1817. For promoting the 
 education of the poor in the princijjles of the Established 
 Church throughout England and Wales. By its constitution, 
 it includes among its directors all the higher ecclesiastical 
 authorities throughout the kingdom, together with ten tem- 
 poral peers or privy councillors, and sixteen other members 
 of committee, six of whom are clergymen. 
 
 Connected with the central institution, in Westminster, 
 various boards of education, throughout the country, have 
 been established in furtherance of the same objects, although, 
 perhaps, differing slightly in their internal arrangements. 
 Dioceses are variously organized for educational purposes ; 
 but every diocesan board bears the same relation to the 
 rest, and to the central institution. Each board is formed 
 and presided over by its own bishop ; and, with the ex- 
 ception of a few special grants to the parent institution, 
 every diocese spends its own funds within its own limits. 
 Thus constituted, the National Society, together with these 
 its affiliated associations, may be regarded as an accredited 
 organ or agent of the Church, in the all-important duty of 
 instilling Christian principles into the children of the poor ; 
 to provide, if possible, for every parish in the kingdom, the 
 means of daily instruction in sound Christian principles ; and 
 to realize the hope expressed with so much feeling by the 
 venerable George III, " that a time might come when every 
 poor man in his dominions would be able to read his Bible."^ 
 
365 
 
 THE NATIONAL ||iitinnal (lEktatinual society, a.d. isii 
 
 The operations of this society have now been carried on 
 for nearly forty years, with the greatest success. During the 
 last five years, the society has expended in aid of building, 
 enlarging, and otherwise improving school-rooms and teachers' 
 residences, the sum of £139,197, to 1,940 cases of applica- 
 tion ; thereby affording accommodation for 265,542 children, 
 at a total outlay of ;£767,980 ; and, during the same period, 
 has sent out 1,042 trained masters and mistresses, to schools 
 in various parts of the country. 
 
 The general result of the exertions made by the society is, 
 that the number of schools formally in union with the soci- 
 ety, and in which, consequently, the children are instructed 
 in the Holy Scriptures, and in the liturgy and catechism, 
 and are regularly brought, if possible, to the parish church 
 on the Lord's day, was, in 1847, as follows, and has since 
 been materially increased : — Sunday and daily (including 
 infant schools), 6,798, with 526,754 scholars ; Sunday and 
 not daily, 1,597, with 237,848 scholars. Total number of 
 schools in union, 8,395, with 764,602 children. 
 
 The total number of schools under the direction of the 
 clergy throughout England and Wales, including the above, 
 was, according to returns obtained two years ago by the so- 
 ciety :— Sunday and daily schools, 17,015, with 955,865 
 scholars ; Sunday schools, 5,230, with 466,794 scholars. 
 Total Church schools, 22,245, with 1,422,659 scholars,2 
 
 With a view to the improvement, as well as extension of 
 education, the following institutions are wholly supported 
 
 ^ An expression of his Majesty during the audience he granted to 
 Lancaster in 1805, before referred to. 
 
 ^ Metropolitan Statistics of Church Schools. — The returns being made 
 up in counties, — any attempt to break into this for the sake of giving the 
 metropolis proper, and adding Southwark, might prove at the cost of 
 accuracy, without presenting the advantage of definite limits, — we there- 
 fore give the summary as enabled to compile it. The county, it will be 
 borne in mind, includes the City of Loudon aud Westminster ; is in the 
 diocese of London, and contains 313 parishes, or ecclesiastical parishes, 
 with a population of nearly 1,600,000. There are 767 schools ; 414 either 
 directly or indirectly connected with the National Society, of which 
 there are 340 in connexion with the Diocesan Board. 
 
 Sunday and weekday, 488 ; week-day only, 168 ; Sunday only, or 
 additional on Sunday, 91 ; Sunday and week day evening, 14 ; week-day 
 evening only, 6. 
 
 Amount of instruction. — Total number of scholars receiving both Sun- 
 
366 
 
 THE NATIONAL ^ihlllg ^ illiprilllillg SOCIETY, A.D. 1811 
 
 by the society, the central schools affording not only instruc- 
 tion to the scholars, but exhibiting the working of the na- 
 tional system, on a large scale, to the young persons in 
 the training establishments, and affording them means of 
 practising as instructors. 
 
 Institution for Educating Youths to he Schoolmasters, 
 Stanley-grove, King's-road, Chelsea. Principal, Rev. Der- 
 went Coleridge, M.A. 
 
 Institution for Educating Young Women to be Schoolmis- 
 tresses, Whiteland's House, King's-road, Chelsea. Chaplain, 
 Rev. H. Baber, M.A.; Treasurer, John Shephard, Esq., Doc- 
 tors' Commons ; Managers, Mrs. Field and Miss Lowman. 
 
 Institution for Educating Adult Schoolmasters, Terrace 
 House, Battersea. Principal, Rev. Thomas Jackson, M.A. 
 
 Boarding House for Adult Schoolmasters, 10 and 11, Man- 
 chester-buildings, Westminster. Superintendent, Rev. Alex. 
 Wilson. Boarding House for Schoolmistresses, Smith's-square, 
 Westminster, Matron, Mrs. Barber, 
 
 The Central Schools: — Boys' School, Sanctuary, West- 
 minster. Master, Mr. Richards. Girls' School, Sanctuary, 
 Westminster. Mistress, Miss Heyes. Infants' School, Tuf- 
 ton-street, Westminster. Mistress, Miss Clarke. 
 
 The special fund for the establishment of Schools in the 
 Manufacturing and Mining Districts. This fund, raised in 
 1843 and 3, amounting to ^150,000, is now exhausted, hav- 
 ing been mainly devoted to building school-rooms and teach- 
 
 day and week-day instruction, boys, 23,382; girls, 18,684 : Week-day 
 instruction only, boys, 11,3.52; girls, 10,817, — total, (i4.235,or about 1 iu 
 25 of the population : Sunday instruction only, boys, 7,207 ; girls, 8,623, — 
 total, 1 5,830 : Sunday and week-day evening instruction, boys, 311; girls , 
 177, — total, 488; Week-day evening instruction only, boys, 245 ; girls, 
 179,— total, 424. Total under instruction, boys, 44,073 ; girls, 40,279,— 
 80,977. 
 
 In the Sunday schools there are 2,707 gratuitous teachers, — 1,089 
 males, and 1,618 females. There are 1,336 paid teachers employed in 
 this county, viz., 248 masters, 446 mistresses, 34 assistant masters, and 
 89 assistant mistresses, and 278 male and 241 female paid monitors. 
 Total amount of salaries, ^"37,611 12s. Od. 
 
 Total expense of maintaining Church Schools in the county ,i£89 ,698 1 1 s. 
 
 Supported iu tlie following manner: — Endowment only, 35; subscrip- 
 tion only, 145 ; endowment and subscription, 94 : total Free Schools, 274. 
 Payments from the children only, 49; endowments and payments, 6; 
 endowments, subscriptions, and payments, 87 ; subscription and pay- 
 ments, 3d 1 : total of Pay Schools, 493. 
 
367 
 
 HOME & COLONIAL ^StillllHl (BhlltHtillll. INFANT, A.D. 1836 
 
 ers' houses, among the mining and manufacturing part of the 
 population : but the demand for further aid upon the funds 
 of the society, from all parts of the country, are still most 
 urgent. 
 
 The funds of the society are entirely supported by volun- 
 tary contributions, and vary in amount from £10 to ^15,000; 
 from time to time (about once in every three years) a " Queen's 
 letter" is granted, for the purpose of enabling the committee 
 to extend their grants towards local operations ; the sum 
 realized thereby is ordinarily about £35,000.^ 
 
 One guinea annually, or ten guineas in one sum, consti- 
 tutes a member, and entitles to vote at the annual general 
 meeting. 
 
 President of the Society, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurer, 
 Rev. Archdeacon Sinclair. — Secretary, Rev. John G. Lonsdale. 
 —Chief Clerk, Mr. F. W. Stretton.— Receiver, Mr. H. Stretton, 
 77, Great Queen-street. 
 
 HOME AND COLONIAL INFANT School Society, 
 Grays-inn-road, Established 1836. For the general im- 
 provement and extension of the Ii fant School system, and 
 education generally, on Christian principles, as set forth and 
 embodied in the articles of the Church of England, 
 
 This excellent establishment consists of two schools, where 
 near 500 children are instructed upon a graduated course ; in 
 the lower school, the infant faculties are endeavoured to be 
 developed ; and in the upper, where they are generally kept 
 until ten years of age, the children are taught to exercise 
 and improve those faculties.^ These schools are supported 
 
 ^ The amounts collected by "Queen's Letter" are now paid over direct 
 to the Treasurer of the charity for which they are f/ranted ; and not, as 
 formerly, subject to fees and other abatements. The old " Church Briefs," 
 in spite of the provisions of the act of Anne, 4, c. xiv, for their improve- 
 ment, constituted a much abused system, by their being farmed by bankers 
 and others ; and the patent charges were very heavy. They were virtually 
 abolished by the 9th George IV, c. xlii. "Queen's letters" are generally 
 for the benefit of one of the three societies, — The National ; The Incor- 
 porated Church; and The Gospel, — one each third year. 
 
 " The Model Schools are open during the usual school hours for the 
 inspection of the public ; but Tuesdays, from half-past two to four, is a 
 time when the complete working of the Institution may be seen, from the 
 first to the last step, under the direction of their own teachers, when 
 lessons likely to be interesting to visitors will be given ; and a more inter- 
 esting, and at the same time instructive, afternoon can be scarcely spent, 
 — it will well repay the experiment. 
 
368 
 
 THE METROPOLITAN ^tMlig ^v illiprilllillg TRAINING, A.D. 1849 
 
 for the further and chief purpose of the Institution, viz., that 
 of training teachers ; qualifying them by practical instruc- 
 tion for masters and mistresses, and thereby enabling them 
 to be recommended to schools as occasion may offer. Eighty- 
 four teachers can be in training at one time in the Institu- 
 tion, they are required to remain six months at least, and 
 pay the sum of seven shillings per week forboard and lodging, 
 the remaining expenses being defrayed by the Society's funds; 
 those who remain twelve months pay £15, and such have 
 the opportunity of obtaining the government certificate, after 
 examination by Her Majesty's Inspectors ; in that case, they 
 have to pay only £10. Nearly 1200 teachers have been 
 already sent out for Home, Colonial, and Foreign service, 
 experiencing those advantages. Teachers may be readmitted 
 for further training at any time they feel their deficiences, 
 for a few weeks, at five shillings per week. The remaining 
 objects of the Institution are, to circulate information, cor- 
 respond with the friends of infant tuition, print and publish 
 lessons, provide school materials, kc , and appoint inspectors 
 to visit schools, and places where schools may be required. 
 
 The Society's publications may be obtained at 169, Fleet- 
 street, or at the Institution. Application for teachers, or to 
 be admitted for training, etc., to be addressed to the Secre- 
 tary. The funds are deservedly well supported ; the whole 
 expenditure is about £3500, from which must be deducted 
 from £1200 to £1500, received by payments for publica- 
 tions and teachers' fees : the balance must, however, con- 
 tinue entirely dependent on voluntary contributions. 
 
 One guinea annual, or ten guineas donation, constitutes a 
 member. 
 
 Treasurer, John Bridges, Esq. — Hon. Secretary, J. S. Reynolds, 
 Esq. — Travelling Secretary, Mr. Prince. 
 
 CHURCH OF ENGLAND METROPOLITA N Train- 
 ing Institution, Highbury.^ Instituted 1849. The object 
 of this Institution is to train pious persons as masters and 
 mistresses of juvenile schools, connected with the'Established 
 Church, " upon principles scriptural, evangelical, and pro- 
 
 • Long known as " Highbury College," purchased hy the committee 
 for ^12,500; a purchase, which involved ^5,000 more to render it 
 available for training masters, and model-school inclusive ; to meet which, 
 the amount of subscriptions to time of purchase was only ^68,000, and a 
 promise of ;£4,000 more in aid thereof from the Committee of Council ; 
 
369 
 
 METROPOLITAN jifltillMl (B}llIIHtilIlI. TRAINING, A.D.I 849 
 
 testant".! It is quite distinct in its operations from any 
 other society, and originates in the view, that the existing 
 provision is far short even of present requirements, besides 
 the prospect of future demands that will necessarily ensue, 
 when the present pupil teachers in the government schools 
 wUl be looking for higher religious training : it is calculated 
 that in about three years, one thousand such young persons 
 will be terminating their periods of apprenticeship, an 
 accession of numbers, one half of which the existing esta- 
 blishments will not be capable of accommodating. 
 
 This Institution proposes, therefore, providing suitable 
 reception for eighty masters and eighty mistresses, in distinct 
 and separate establishments, under a committee composed 
 exclusively of clerical and lay members of the Church of 
 England, to be elected annually by the subscribers ; and in 
 furtherance of these objects, this committee have been 
 fortunate enough to meet with the present handsome and 
 commodious building.^ The establishment for training 
 masters will consequently be shortly opened, but that for 
 mistresses, requiring additional building and outlay, will be 
 deferred for increase of funds. 
 
 satisfactory as the purchase is in every respect, yet the immediate large 
 outlay precludes the whole of the projected purposes from beiug carried 
 out, until warranted by an increase of funds. 
 
 ^ The plan of this training institution is very similar in principles to, 
 and in entire unison with, the Cheltenham training schools. The closing 
 paragraph in the constitutional deeds of which is worthy insertion here,for 
 the purpose of illustration : " And lastly, it is hereby declared and agreed 
 by and between the said parties to these presents, that while it is desired 
 that the particular mode, plan, and scheme of education in the said 
 schools shall be left freely in the hands of the committee of the said in- 
 stitution, and their successors, for ever ; and that it shall be left to them 
 to adopt, in conjunction with the principal, such modifications of existing 
 systems of conveying instruction, or such new plans to be subsequently 
 recommended, as to them may seem expedient, — it is solemnly intended 
 and purposed, that the religious education to be conveyed in the said 
 schools, shall always be strictly Scriptural, Evangelical, and Protestant, 
 and in strict accordance with the articles and liturgy of the Church of 
 England, as by law estabUshed, in their literal and grammatical sense. 
 And that these principles should for ever be preserved, as a most sacred 
 trust, at any sacrifice of pecuniary loss, or temporal interests. And this 
 will and purpose is hereby recorded and affirmed, in dependence on the 
 aid and blessing of Almighty God, and in sole rehance upon the teaching 
 of the Holy Ghost, through the only I^rd and Saviour Jesus Christ." 
 
 24 
 
370 
 
 LONDON DIOCESAN ^JWHg k im|irnilillg BOARD, A.D. 1839 
 
 It is intended to reduce the payments required from 
 students, to the smallest possible sum, but it will finally all 
 depend on the amount of funds at the Society's disposal. 
 The following are the terms contemplated : general ages of 
 admission 18 to 30; candidates to satisfy the clerical referees 
 as to the soundness of their views, etc., and their fitness for 
 admission ; the charges for males £25 for the first year, and 
 £20 for succeeding years ; and for females, £20 the first 
 year, and J16 for succeeding years. A " certificate of 
 merit" entitles to one year without charge, after the first 
 year ; and a government exhibition in lieu of payment for 
 the first year. The length of residence to depend on age, 
 acquirements, and pecuniary means, but in no case less then 
 one year. One pound annual, or from clergymen, 10s., or 
 ^10 at one time, constitutes a governor, entitled to one vote. 
 
 Chairman of Committee, Lord Ashley, M.P. — Treasurer, Hon. 
 Arthur Kinnaird. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev. J. Wilson, 9, 
 Bamsbury Park, Islington ; John Martin, Esq., 23, Chancery-lane. 
 
 LONDON DIOCESAN BOARD OF EDUCATION, 
 79, Pall Mall. Instituted 1839. For the purpose of forming 
 a medium of communication and mutual suggestions between 
 the clergy and other persons of the diocese interested in the 
 cause of religious and general education, in accordance with 
 the doctrine and discipline of the Established Church ; to 
 collect and circulate information as to the state of education 
 in the diocese, and the obstacles which impede its progress 
 or efficiency ; take measures for the extension and improve- 
 ment of education in connexion with the Church of England 
 throughout the diocese ; bring into union with itself as 
 many as possible of the schools existing in the diocese, on 
 iiie terms adopted by the National Society ; and establish 
 an effectual system of inspection and periodical examination 
 of the schools in union with the board, with the concurrence 
 of the managers of such schools, and under the sanction of 
 the bishops. It also assists in establishing and supporting, 
 by means of grants. Ragged Schools in populous districts. 
 The whole number of schools in union directly or indirectly 
 with the National Society in London and Westminster, is 
 414, of which 340 are in union likewise with this board. 
 The expenses of maintaining this board are under ^350 per 
 annum, and are defrayed by voluntary contributions of its 
 members. Vide National Society, page 364. 
 
371 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL ||HlilIIIill (Bbirfltillll. BOARD, A.D. 1843 
 
 General Meetings, on the third Tuesday in February, 
 May, and November, respectively. The annual meeting of 
 the subscribers, in May. 
 
 President, Bishop of London. — Treasurer, Sir Walter R. Far- 
 quhar, Bart. — Honorary Secretary, Rev. R. Burgess. — Auditors : 
 Rev. H. Howarth, and John Martin, Esq. — Assistant Secretary, 
 Mr. G. C. Silk. —Collector, Mr. J. Bumingham. 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL BOARD OF EDUCATION. 
 
 Established 1843. Consists of Normal Schools, at 10, 
 Liverpool-street, Finsbury ; and of model schools at 2, Golds- 
 worthy-place, Rotherhithe. 
 
 The former for the training of young persons from 18 to 
 30, who are "of decided piety, possessing suitable qualifica- 
 tions, and who are decidedly opposed to government aid in 
 education": payment for males, 5s. a week, females, 4s. a week. 
 
 The latter is at present conducted in the building formerly 
 known as the Je win-street Chapel, and contains 170 children. 
 
 The balance sheet for 1848-9, exhibits the gross receipts 
 to be ^2,152, and expenditure, £2,083. It is in immediate 
 contemplation to remove the whole establishment to Homer- 
 ton College, the purchase of which for the purpose having 
 just been determined upon by the board. Application for 
 .admission to be addressed to the Secretary of the Congrega- 
 tional Board of Education, Liverpool-street, Finsbury. 
 
 Principal, Rev. W. J. Unwin, M.A. — Treasurer, Samuel Mor- 
 ley, Esq.- — Secretary, WiUiam Rutt, Esq.— Mistress, Miss Whit- 
 more. 
 
 VOLUNTARY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION, 26, New 
 Broad -street. City. Established 1849. Founded on the 
 principle of "repudiation of state assistance", affording 
 secular instruction ; combined with religious only to those 
 whose parents do not object to it. The committee announce 
 their having taken premises, 30, Surrey-place, Old Kent-road, 
 and readiness to accept applications from pupils for the 
 Normal schools. 
 
 Treasurer, George W. Alexander, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : 
 Messrs. Henry Richard, Joseph Barrett, Chas. Theodore Jones. 
 
 SOCIETY for PROMOTING CHRISTIAN Knowledge, 
 67, Lincoln's-inn-fields. Founded 1698. The operations by 
 which this Institution is more generally known, consist of 
 publishing cheap religious works, approved of by a commit- 
 
372 
 
 CHRISTIAN liMgg k imjirnmng knowledge 
 
 tee of members of the Church of England, and circulating 
 them at a low charge ; also, purchasing works of a good and 
 instructive tendency in large numbers, and disposing of them 
 to " members" at reduced prices : but, great as the good pro- 
 bably effected by these means, and amazing as the extent to 
 which the system is carried, it partakes too much of a com- 
 mercial character — conducted though it be on Christian 
 principles — to entitle the society to be recognized, in our 
 volume, as a " Charity", were it not for the importance of 
 its collateral operations in carrying out the objects conveyed 
 by the title. 
 
 The profits of the establishment, together with the large 
 annual amount of legacies and donations to its funds, are de- 
 voted to the spreading of Christian knowledge and general 
 education of the poor. It is thereby enabled to make gra- 
 tuitous grants of its publications to parochial and other 
 lending libraries throughout England and Wales ; and by 
 means of its numerous district committees, to collect and 
 transmit information respecting the best mode of promoting 
 Christian education abroad : — to establish, enlarge, or super- 
 intend schools^ — to supply natives and settlers with its 
 books — effect translations, when necessary — and lastly, to 
 render aid in behalf of our colonies and dependencies, and 
 contribute to the endowment of bishopric and collegiate 
 establishments. Many of our present missions'' owe their 
 formation to the instrumentality of this institution, and the 
 assistance rendered by it to the cause, generally, entitles it to 
 cordial support. 
 
 A brief summary of recent operations will serve to convey 
 in the most satisfactory manner the present working of the 
 society. 
 
 A grant of £2,000 in 1848 towards the endowment of the 
 bishopric of Hong Kong, and in 1849, a like amount towards 
 the collegiate establishment : also during the two years, 
 ;£2,000 to each of the following dioceses, for the purpose of 
 
 ^ As lately as the year 1811, the Society's operations -were mainly de- 
 voted to this great branch of usefulness ; but as their extent of labour 
 increased, it was found desirable to transfer it to an institution then fos- 
 tered by the Society, and now known as " The National Society." 
 
 ^ The well-known and devoted missionary, Schwartz, was appointed 
 by the Society ; and the missions in Southern India were maintained by it 
 lor many years, until, in 1824, transferred to "The Society for the Pro- 
 pagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts." 
 
373 
 
 SOCIETIES, Hatinnai (BtotHtinn. a.d. i698 to 1750 
 
 colleges and schools, viz., New Zealand, Adelaide, Melbourne, 
 Newcastle, and Cape Town. The sum of ^44,000 has been 
 granted by the society towards church building in the Colo- 
 nies, since 1822. In 1846, £1,000 was set apart for the spi- 
 ritual wants of emigrants, and to the present time the society 
 supports an agent at Portsmouth and Liver2)ool, to visit and 
 comfort those about to leave their native land. 
 
 During the past year the following number of publica- 
 tions were issued : — ^bibles, 129,242 ; new testaments,90,880 ; 
 prayer-books, 287,272 : other books and tracts, 3,646,934. 
 And the amount of sale of books and tracts in the retail de- 
 partment alone realized £16,226. From the year 1733, when 
 the society first began to report its annual issues of publica- 
 tions, to 1840, it has distributed upwards oi ninety-four mil- 
 lions of books and tracts. Of these there have been, bibles and 
 new testaments, 6,559,810; common prayer-books, 7,253,265. 
 The subscription for membership is one guinea per annum ; 
 and benefactions are received for the general designs, or 
 any particular branch of them, to any amount. 
 
 This extensive establishment, besides its annual returns 
 for publications, amounting to between £50,000 and £60,000, 
 is supported by an income, derived from voluntary contribu- 
 tions and legacies, of £27,000 ; and from dividends, etc., of 
 between £5,000 and .£6,000. 
 
 President, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurers : Rev. J. 
 Endell Tyler, B.D. ; William Cotton, Esq. ; Edward Hawkins, 
 Esq. ; James Wigram, Esq. — Secretaries : Rev. T. B. Murray, 
 M.A. ; Rev. John Evans, M.A. ; Rev. J. D. Glennie, M.A. — 
 Bankers, Messrs. Goslings and Sharpe, 19, Fleet-street. — Super- 
 intendent of Depository, Mr. Cox. — Collector, Mr. Stretton. 
 
 BOOK SOCIETY for promoting Rdigious Knowledge 
 among the Poor. Depository, 19, Paternoster-row. Insti- 
 tuted 1750. For the gratuitous distribution of bibles and 
 testaments, and other books of established excellence, adapted 
 to the instruction of the poor. No books of a controversial 
 nature are distributed ; and no new book introduced for dis- 
 tribution, or being already approved, rejected, unless with 
 the consent of seven-eighths of the members present at a 
 special meeting of the committee, after having been first 
 proposed at a former meeting ; and in the summonses for 
 such meeting, the books proposed for approval or rejection, 
 to be expressly mentioned. Besides its profits on sales, 
 amounting last year to £253, the funds are supported by 
 
374 
 
 cHKisTiAN ^iMng k iniprnning knowledge 
 
 voluntary contributions of about the same amount, and divi- 
 dends about £90. 
 
 One guinea annually, or £20 at one time, constitutes a 
 member ; who is entitled to a nomination of books, of the 
 value of 20s. annually ; 10s. 6d. annually entitles to the 
 value of 7s. 6d. only, in books. Such nominations to be dis- 
 tributed monthly to the members in rotation, according to the 
 time of their becoming subscribers ; the number issued in 
 each month being at the discretion of the committee. 
 
 Treasurer, Thomas ChaUis, Esq., Alderman. — Honorary Secre- 
 taries : Rev. J. Barber, D.D.; Rev. R. H. Shepherd ; Rev. E. A. 
 Dunn. — Assistant Secretary and Collector, Mr. James Palmer, 
 19, Paternoster-row. — Depository, Mr. George Harbidge, 19, Pa- 
 ternoster-row. 
 
 RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY, 56, Paternoster-row. 
 Instituted 1799. For circulating religious works of its own 
 publication in the British dominions and foreign countries, 
 under the direction of a committee, composed of an equal por- 
 tion of Churchmen and Protestant dissenters : on all other 
 points, it partakes of the same characteristics as the previous 
 Institutions, and the same remark applies to this and several 
 other kindred societies, that their system strictly speaking is 
 commercial; but the profits arising from their trade, together 
 with the benefactions of members, enable them to devote 
 large sums for the furtherance of Religion, to supply their 
 publications at very low prices, and make grants gratuitously 
 of portions of their stock, as may appear desirable. The 
 amount of usefulness achieved by the society in these opera- 
 tions, and the extensive influence exercised by them for fifty 
 years throughout the known world, entitle it to Christian 
 consideration and support. Assisted by the labours of the 
 missionaries of diiFerent Christian denominations, it has 
 printed important books and tracts in about 110 languages ; 
 its annual circulation, from the Depository in London, and 
 from various foreign societies, exceeds 22,000,000, and its 
 total distribution to March 1849, has been nearly 500,000,000 
 of copies of its publications. The gross income of this institu- 
 tion, judging by last year's cash statement, is nearly ^60,000 
 per annum ; but this includes £44,972, arising from the sale 
 of publications, which are so arranged, as to defray all busi- 
 ness expenses : the voluntary contributions and subscriptions 
 last year amounted to .£12,638 (exceeding the ordinary 
 amount by nearly £7,000, in consequence of the jubilee 
 fund); and the dividends to £215. 
 
375 
 
 SOCIETIES, ^atiuMl f toratinc. a.d.i799to1847 
 
 Ten shillings and sixpence annually, or ten guineas dona- 
 tion, constitutes a member, who is entitled to purchase 
 the publications of the society, to any extent, at reduced 
 prices. 
 
 Treasurer, John Gumey Hoare, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : 
 Rev. Robert Monro, M.A. ; Rev. Ebenezer Henderson, D.D. — 
 Corresponding Secretary and Superintendent, Mr. William Jones. 
 — Assistant Secretary and Cashier, Mr. William Tarn.— Bankers : 
 Messrs. Bamett, Hoares, and Co., Lombard-st.; Messrs. Hankey, 
 Fenchurch-street. — Collector, Mr. Edward Marriott, 56, Pater- 
 noster-row. 
 
 ENGLISH MONTHLY TRACT SOCIETY, 20, Red 
 Lion-square. Established 1837. The object of this society 
 is to forward a religious tract gratuitously each month, to 
 families whose names are supplied by subscribers, and in 
 other quarters ; the number thus circulated by the society 
 during the past year, was 140,000, being an increase of 
 20,000 over the preceding year. The funds are supported 
 entirely by voluntary contributions, and amounted last year 
 to £1410. 
 
 Treasurer, M. Poole, Esq., 4, Old-square. — Honorary Secre- 
 taries: Rev. Henry Hughes, M.A. ; Rev. John Leifchild, D.D. — 
 Secretary, Mr. John Stabb, 20, Red Lion-square. — Collector, Mr. 
 Wade, 14, Swinton-street, Gray's Inn-road. 
 
 WEEKLY TRACT SOCIETY, 8, St. Ann's-lane, St. 
 Martin' s-le-Grand. Established 1847. The tracts are pub- 
 lished weekly, and contain the simple truths of the gospel, 
 without regard to controversial points. These are circulated 
 by auxiliaries, subscribers, and others, many of whom receive 
 weekly, monthly, and quarterly parcels, and cause them to 
 be distributed in such districts, both in town and country as 
 peculiarly require it. Seventy thousand tracts have been 
 issued during the past year, with several thousand hand 
 bills for distribution at the doors of theatres, etc. 
 
 Treasurer, William Garlick, Esq., 33, Great James-street. — 
 Secretary, Rev. W. H. Elliott, 12, Wharton-street, Lloyd-square. 
 
 SOCIETY for PROMOTING the D UE OBSER VANCE 
 of the LORD'S DA Y, 12, Exeter-hall. Established 1831. 
 " By diffusing information as widely as possible on the sub- 
 ject, by the publication and circulation of books and tracts on 
 the divine authority of its institution ; adopting all such mea- 
 sures, consistent with scriptural principles, as may appear 
 
376 
 
 CHRISTIAN ^iiiing ^ iniprnning influence, 1843 
 
 best adapted to lead to a due observance of the Lord's-day ; 
 opening correspondence throughout the British empire, and, 
 if possible, on the continent of Europe, for the purpose of 
 forming local associations ; promoting, by all proper mea- 
 sures, petitions to the legislature, throughout the country, 
 for the enactment of such laws as may be necessary for re- 
 pressing the open violation of the Lord's-day : and generally 
 to form a point of union for similar eflforts that may be 
 made in every part of the world." The operations of the 
 society have, for the last two years, been more specially di- 
 rected to the obtaining a better observance of the Sabbath 
 by railway companies and the Post-office. The late addition 
 of London duties in the latter office, caused great exer- 
 tions to be used by the society, and it is much to be desired 
 that the same will eventually terminate in a total abolition 
 of all transmission of mails during the Sunday, both in town 
 and country. But we cannot help expressing our regret, 
 that so much of its first energies in the struggle, were limited 
 to the attempting an alteration in a matter of detail, for 
 the carrying out of which government certainly presented 
 fair reasons, sufficient, indeed, to justify their determination 
 to adhere to it. 
 
 The expenditure is scarcely above £600 per annum, but 
 depends entirely on voluntary contributions to be defrayed, 
 with the exception of £30 or £40, derived from the sale of 
 its publications. Half-a-guinea annually, or 5 guineas at 
 one time, constitutes a member for life. 
 
 Treasurer, T. Hankey, Esq. — Hon. Secretary, Joseph Wilson, 
 Esq. — Clerical Secretary, Rev. J. T. Baylee. — Collector, Mr. Geo. 
 Eagleton, 14, Chatham-place, Blackfiiars. 
 
 CHRISTIAN INFL UENCE SOCIETY, 57, Old Broad- 
 street. Instituted 1843. For the purpose of promoting 
 the cause of Christianity ; " urging the necessary measures 
 for its advancement, on Her Majesty's ministers for the time 
 being, on the bishops, and on the legislature ; bringing the 
 same under the notice of pious and reflecting men through- 
 out the kingdom, and influencing the public mind, by means 
 of the press, in a right direction, on the subject of religion 
 and morals." Its management is vested in a committee of 
 six gentlemen ; and to them every member of the society has 
 the privilege of proposing what he may deem worthy to 
 be taken under their consideration : and, in the event of the 
 committee determining to entertain the subject so proposed, 
 
377 
 
 PBAYER BOOK AND ^atllHIHl (BtoatiElI. HOMILY, A.D.1812 
 
 the member proposing it is invited to attend, and take part 
 in it. The annual amount of contributions, upon which the 
 society depends, does not exceed ^100 ; and an accumulating 
 amount advanced by the committee (£856) stands against 
 the funds. 
 
 All persons subscribing one guinea per annum, or giving 
 a donation of ten guineas, are members of the society. 
 
 Honorary Secretary, Alexander Gordon, Esq., Old Broad-street. 
 — Committee : John Bridges, Alexander Gordon, R. B. Seeley, 
 J. J. Cummins, J. D. Paul, and F. Sandoz, Esqrs. 
 
 PR A YER BOOK AND HOMILT SOCIETY, 1, Exe- 
 ter Hall. Established 1812. The object of this society is 
 to distribute gratis, and to circulate at reduced prices, both 
 at home and abroad, the Book of Common Prayer, and the 
 Homilies, in separate sermons, or in the entire volume. All 
 copies of the Book of Common Prayer issued by this society, 
 contain the thirty-nine articles of religion, the ordination 
 services, and other offices complete : this regulation applies 
 only to the Book of Common Prayer in English, not inter- 
 fering with the issue of Psalters at home, or selections from 
 the Prayer Book in other languages. Since the society's 
 establishment, it has distributed 433,318 Prayer Books, 
 53,929 Services, Family Prayer Books, and volumes of Ho- 
 milies ; and 2,864,038 tracts from Homilies, and selection of 
 Services, &c. 
 
 One guinea annually, or ten guineas donation, constitute 
 a member, entitled to the society's publications at reduced 
 prices, to three times the amount of subscription. Every 
 clergyman subscribing half-a-guinea annually, is a member ; 
 and if contributing a congregational collection, is entitled to 
 receive two-thirds of the amount in books at cost prices. 
 
 The income is derived chiefly from voluntary contribu- 
 tions, amounting last year to £1,192, besides which, £492 
 was derived from sale of publications. 
 
 President, Rt. Hon. Lord Bexley. — Treasurer, Joseph Wilson, 
 Esq. — Secretary, Rev. Cornwall Smalley, jmi., M.A. — Visiting 
 Secretary and Accountant, Mr. Thomas Seaward. — Depository, 
 Mr. John Corfield. — Collector, Mr. J. C. Bowles. 
 
 BRITISH SOCIETY for Promoting the Religious Prin- 
 ciples of the Reformation, 8, Exeter Hall, Strand. Institu- 
 ted 1827. " To assist clergymen in their efforts, in their pa- 
 rishes, to promote and perpetuate the principles of the 
 
378 
 
 PROTESTANT ^i^jllg k ilII]irnDnig associations, 1835 
 
 Reformation, in their scriptural purity and power ; by in- 
 ducing Protestants, either in person or by deputy, through 
 missionaries. Scripture-readers, tracts, and associations of 
 young men, to engage in weekly and daily labours to convert 
 Roman Catholics in their neighbourhood ; to visit, give 
 them tracts, enter into discussion when it is desirable, read 
 the Scriptures to them, and adopt such other means as may 
 appear desirable." The income varies from ^2,800 to £3,500, 
 including £1,600 derived from sale of publications ; the re- 
 mainder from voluntary contributions. 
 
 One guinea per annum, or ten guineas donation, consti- 
 tutes a member of the society. 
 
 Treasurers : Williams, Deacon, and Co. — Honorary Secretary, 
 G. Finch, Esq. — Secretaries : Eastern District, Rev. W. Foye, 
 M.A. ; Midland District, Rev. R. P. Blakeney, M.A. — Scotland, 
 Rev. J. Ciunming, M.A. — Assist. Secretary, Mr. James Miller. 
 
 PROTESTANT ASSOCIATION, 11, Exeter Hall. 
 Established 1835. For the purpose of upholding the Pro- 
 testant faith, and the fact of its being essentially the religion 
 of the Scriptures ; "to maintain and increase sound Protestant 
 feeling ; and enforce, both on the legislature and the people," 
 the great principle of its forming an essential characteristic 
 of the constitution. 
 
 The Protestant Magazine is conducted by this association ; 
 and its other operations consist in holding meetings, pub- 
 lishing tracts, and assisting in the preparation of petitions, 
 as events call forth interference to advance the objects 
 advocated. The funds of this society, judging from last 
 cash statement, require assistance ; the expenditure exceed- 
 ing the income, which depends, with slight exceptions, upon 
 contributions, last year amounting only to £656. 
 
 Annual subscribers of ten shillings and upwards, and 
 donors of five guineas and upwards, assenting to the funda- 
 mental resolutions, are members of the association. 
 
 Chairman, James Lord, Esq. — Treasurer, John Dean Paul, Esq. 
 — Honorary Secretary, Rev. A. S. Thelwall. — Assistant Secretary, 
 Elmer Henry Owen. — Collector, Mr. Arthur William Stone, 1, 
 Fitzroy-street, Fitzroy-square. 
 
 Islington Protestant Institute, Islington Green. Instituted 
 1847. A local institution, established on similar principles 
 to the last, for the purpose of advocating Protestantism by 
 publications, lectures, and public meetings. 
 
379 __^ 
 
 CHURCH BUILDING ^Stlllttfll *E!llirHtiDtt. SOCIETIES, A.D. 1818 
 
 Five shillings annual, constitutes a member, entitled to 
 the publications. 
 
 President, Rev. D. Wilson, M.A. — Treasurer, George Friend, 
 Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev. J. Sandys, M.A., and others. — 
 Collector, Mr. Liddle, Parochial Schools, Church-street. — Pub- 
 lisher, Mr. J. H. Jackson, Islington-green. 
 
 INCORPORATED SOCIETY for Promoting the En- 
 largement, Building, and Repairing of Churches and Chapels, 
 7, Whitehall. Since its formation, in 1818,^ it has assisted 
 in the erection of 763 additional churches and chapels ; and 
 otherwise, by enlarging and rebuilding, has provided addi- 
 tional church room for 760,000 persons, of which number 
 the free and unappropriated sittings for the use of the poor 
 are for 566,000 persons : 2,735 parishes have thus been ena- 
 bled, by its help, to effect their objects ; and it has expended 
 for the increase of church accommodation, .£439,698 ; during 
 the last year, nearly £13,000. 
 
 The committee grant funds towards the enlargement or 
 building of churches or chapels ; having regard, in their 
 selection of parishes or districts, to the amount of the popu- 
 lation, present accommodation for attendance, and pecuniary 
 ability of the inhabitants thereof to raise the greatest pro- 
 portion of the expense required for the enlargement or 
 building. The committee likewise grant aid towards the 
 repairs of churches and chapels, which have fallen into dila- 
 pidation without the neglect of the existing parishioners, 
 and the entire expense of repairing which they are unable 
 to defray ; reference being had to the amount of money 
 raised by the parishioners, and to the proposed accommodar- 
 tion for the poor. 
 
 Forms of application for assistance, with suggestions and 
 instructions to persons engaged in enlarging or buUding 
 churches or chapels, may be obtained on application. The 
 committee meet the third Monday in each month, except 
 August, September, and October. The last cash statement 
 exhibits an income of £17,000, derived from voluntary con- 
 
 ^ This society was incorporated by act 9th Geo. IV, cap. 42, intituled 
 " an act to abolish church briefs, and to provide for the better collection 
 and application of voluntary contributions for the purpose of enlarging 
 and building churches and chapels." Dated 1 5th July, 1828. Queen's 
 letters are granted every third year on behalf of its funds; vide note to 
 the National Society, page 367. 
 
380 
 
 CHOBCH EXTENSION ^iMttg k iHiptllDillg SOCIETIES. 
 
 tributions, £7,692, and dividends, £9,544 ; an amount, 
 however, more than engrossed by the distribution, in grants 
 and requisite expenses, last year exceeding the receipts by 
 ^400. 
 
 One guinea annually, or ten guineas donation, constitutes 
 a member. 
 
 President, the Archbishop of Canterbury. — Trustees : Lord 
 Kenyon ; Charles Hoare, Esq. ; Joshua Watson, Esq., D.C.L. ; 
 WilUam Cotton, Esq. — Treasurer, Newell Connop, Esq. — Secre- 
 tary, Rev. Thomas Bowdler. — Clerk, Mr. W. H. Pitcher. — Col- 
 lector, Mr. Henry Stretton, 67, Lincoln's Inn-fields. 
 
 COMMISSIONERS UNDER THE A CT 58 GEO. Ill, 
 
 c. A5,for Building additional Churches in Populous Parishes, 
 13, Gt. George-street, Westminster. Established 1820. For the 
 purpose of granting aid from funds placed at their disposal 
 towards the erecting or completing the erection of churches 
 in populous parishes ; particularly furnishing accommodation 
 for the poor by appropriating a large portion of seats to their 
 use. Thus, since the commission was established, 449 churches 
 have been completed, affording seats for 483,273 persons, 
 including 281,076 free seats : besides which, 21 churches 
 are now in course of building, and plans for 22 approved of, 
 in various parts of the country. They also determine the 
 division of large parishes and the assignment of ecclesiastical 
 districts, and afford facilities under the Church-building Acts 
 for obtaining additional burying-grounds, etc. The power 
 of declaring the patronage of chapels is also vested in the 
 Commissioners. 
 
 AH applications, whether for Parliamentary grants, or 
 perpetual patronages, must be accompanied with full parti- 
 ciilars of site, building, and proposed endowment, etc., and 
 set forth in a petition to " The Right Hon. the Lords Com- 
 missioners for Building additional Churches in popidous 
 places," addressed to George Jelf, Esq., Treasurer and Se- 
 cretary.^ 
 
 Commissioners : Archbishop of Canterbury ; Archbishop of 
 York ; Bishops of London, Winchester, Lincoln, Chester, Lichfield, 
 llipon ; Dean of St. Paul's ; Dean of Westminster ; Archdeacons 
 Hale, Harrison, Headlam, and Sinclair ; Principal of King's 
 College ; together with the Lord Chancellor ; Lord President 
 of the Council ; Speaker of the House of Commons ; First 
 
 ^ The twenty-ninth report of this commission was presented to Par- 
 liament 28th of July 1849, and is now published. 
 
381 
 
 A.D. 1820 ^atinnai (Biiiiratinc. to i844 
 
 Lord of the Treasury ; Home Secretary ; Chancellor of the Ex- 
 chequer ; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ; First Com- 
 missioner of Woods and Forests ; Master of the Faculties ; Dean 
 of the Arches ; and Judge of the Consistory Court, — all for the 
 time being. Also, Earl of Harrowby ; Bishop of Worcester ; Bishop 
 of Ely ; Lord Kenyon ; Lord Bexley ; Eight Hon. W. E. Glad- 
 stone, M.P. ; Sir Robert Harry Inglis, Bart., M.P. ; Joshua 
 Watson, Esq. — Treasurer and Secretary, George Jelf, Esq. — Sur- 
 veyor, J. H. Good, Esq. — Chief Clerk, Thomas Beachcroft, Esq. 
 
 METROPOLIS CHURCHES FUND, 79, Pall Mall. 
 Established 1836. This fund was raised in the first instance 
 for the immediate " building of fifty new churches and 
 chapels in the metropolis"; much of the original design has 
 been carried out, but there still remains a scope for extensive 
 additional operations. No report, it is stated, has been 
 issued by the committee since 1846, and that being returned 
 as " out of print", no detailed statement of late progress can 
 be given. But up to April, 1845, thirty-eight new churches 
 and one new chapel had been erected, at a cost of nearly a 
 quarter of a million ; averaging an increase of five new 
 churches each year. 
 
 President, Bishop of London. — Vice-President, Bishop of Win- 
 chester. — Secretary, Rev. William Dodsworth. — Assistant Secre- 
 tary, Mr. C. G. Silk. 
 
 CHURCH EXTENSION FUND, for new Churches, 
 the patronage of which shall be vested in Trustees. Instituted 
 1844. 18, Sergeant's-inn, Fleet-street. The distinguishing 
 characteristics of this fund — its leading aim and object — 
 are, "that in providing churches, the appointment of faithful 
 and zealous ministers shall be secured, so far as human in- 
 strumentality may avail, both in the present and all future 
 generations." With a view to the attainment of this object, 
 the patronage of the churches, to the erection of which the 
 committee contribute, is vested in trustees — men of piety 
 and judgment — the survivors of whom, upon the death of 
 any of their number, may reasonably be expected to nomi- 
 nate to the trust individuals like-minded with themselves. 
 No arrangement so efiectual as this perhaps can be devised 
 for securing, under the Divine blessing, a pure and conscien- 
 tious exercise of church patronage. 
 
 The following statement shews the funds at the disposal of 
 the committee, and their engagements ; — 
 
382 
 
 CHURCH EXTENSION ^iMlIg k iHIprnUillg AND CLERICAL 
 
 Contributions received from 14th February, 1845, to 3lst £ $. d. 
 
 May, 1849 ..... 20,556 2 6 
 
 Expected of the instalments of donations jet outstaudiog 1,000 
 
 Expended,— 21,656 2 6 
 
 On account of grants . . 10,769 3 8 
 
 For rent, and expenses of management, 
 
 for four years . . . 1,586 11 4 
 
 12,355 15 
 
 Liabilitiei, — 9,200 7 6 
 
 For second church in Southwark . 3,000 
 
 For two churches at Nottingham . 4,500 
 
 For completion of church in Castle Hall 2,000 
 
 9,500 
 
 From this statement it will be obvious that the associa- 
 tion is in want of large additional funds, at a time when there 
 is a cry through the length and breadth of our land for an 
 increase of church accommodation. There are, we are in- 
 formed, about ninety districts constituted by the Ecclesias- 
 tical Commissioners, under the Act commonly called " Sir 
 Robert Peel's Act", for which no churches have yet been 
 provided. The population of those districts is about 320,000. 
 
 The direction of the fund is under a committee of thirty 
 lay members of the Established Church. Applications for 
 assistance from the fund must be addressed to the committee, 
 accompanied with fuU and accurate information as regards 
 destitution, church accommodation of the district, and amount 
 of local contributions that can be secured towards the object 
 in view ; extra seats for the poor, are made a special point 
 with the committee, in all churches aided by the fund. 
 
 Chairman of Committee, Lord Ashley. — Treasurer, John Dean 
 Paul, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries: Alexander Gordon, Esq.; 
 G. J. Philip Smith, Esq. — Assistant Secretary, Rev. A. R. Pen- 
 nington, M.A. 
 
 THE LONDON CONOREGATIONAL CHAPEL 
 
 Building Fund, 4, Bloomfield-street, was established 1848, 
 for the purpose of erecting, or assisting in the erection of, 
 fifty new chapels, in the metropolis and its vicinity, " in the 
 course of twenty years or less." Two are already opened ; 
 one is near completion, in the City-road ; and a fourth in 
 contemplation, in Somers Town. 
 
^ 3S3 
 
 AID FTTSDs, ^{ilinnai (Btoratinn. a.d. issg 
 
 Treasurer, John Remington Mills, Esq. — Secretary, Rev. J. C. 
 Galloway, M.A. 
 
 Southwark Fund for Schools and Churches, 4, St. Martin's- 
 place, — a local fund, in order to supply the deficiency of spiri- 
 tual instruction in the borough, discovered, in 1845, to be 
 truly alarming : thus, in Lambeth and Southwark, with a 
 population of 135,000, there was church room only for one- 
 eighth, and educational provision, in connexion with the 
 Church, for one only in fifty-five. £30,000 has been soon 
 collected, and mostly appropriated as under : — ^five new dis- 
 tricts have been legally constituted ; sixteen schools erected, 
 or in course of satisfactory progress ; two new churches 
 erected, and five more determined upon, as funds will allow. 
 
 It is open to subscribers to direct, if they think fit, that 
 their contributions shall be applied to the erection of churches 
 or schools, as they may individually prefer ; or to particular 
 parishes or districts. Payments may also be made, if desired, 
 by five several instalments. 
 
 President, Bishop of Winchester. — Hon. Secretaries : Henry 
 Kingscote, Esq. ; Rev. Jeffery Foot. — Treasurer, Henry Sykea 
 Thornton, Esq. 
 
 CHURCH PASTORAL-AID SOCIETY, Temple-cham- 
 bers, Falcon-court, Fleet-street. Instituted 1836. Such aid 
 is rendered to the clergy in the discharge of their duties as 
 they may be desirous to accept, and the society has in its 
 power to render ; no aid being given except so far as local 
 exertions are unequal to the necessities of the case. In des- 
 titute places, where no other sufficient means are available, 
 the society assists, in appropriating as places of worship 
 buildings already erected, or in erecting churches or chapels 
 for that end, and contributing help to the support of addi- 
 tional clergymen, who may zealously and faithfully cooperate 
 with the incumbent. The society maintains also, or assists 
 in the support of, lay agents, whether candidates for holy 
 Orders, or others, to act under the direction of the incum- 
 bent, and subject to removal at his pleasure, ^o grant from 
 the society's funds is made, unless the Incumbent apply, or 
 sanction the application, and furnish sufficient proof of the 
 exigencies of the case. The nomination of an assistant is 
 left with the clergyman to whom the grant is given, the 
 committee claiming only full satisfaction as to the qualifica- 
 tion of , his nominee, who, when approved, will be under en- 
 
384 
 
 CLERICAL AID. ^IMiig k ini|irnniug pastoral & lay 
 
 gagement only to the clergyman by whom he is employed, 
 and solely responsible to him. Such grants are voted only 
 for one year. 
 
 The following is a brief summary of the society's present 
 operations : — It aids 289 incumbents, whose average care of 
 souls is 7,247, and their incomes, £203 ; 160 of whom have 
 no parsonage house. The aid afforded comprehends 238 ad- 
 ditional curates, and 76 lay assistants, for popular parishes ; 
 4 chaplains, and 2 assistants, for railway labourers, boat and 
 canal men ; and the incomes of 32 incumbents supplied or 
 improved. — And, the immediate results are, 505 additional 
 full services, 209 Bible classes, &c. The annual income 
 amounts to £32,000, derived, with the exception of about 
 .£518, from voluntary contributions, and is sufficient to de- 
 fray the present expenditure. The funded property is under 
 £12,000. 
 
 Annual subscribers of one guinea and upwards, and if 
 clergymen, half-a-guinea, with collectors of 52s. and up- 
 wards, donors of ten guineas or upwards, clergymen making 
 congregational collections of twenty guineas, and executors 
 paying to the amount of £50, are members. 
 
 President, Lord Ashley, M.P. — Treasurer, John Labouchere, 
 Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Rev. Charles Clayton, M.A. — Secre- 
 tary, Rev. John Button PoUexfen, M.A. — Association Secretaries : 
 Northern District, Rev. A. P. Irwine, M.A., Richmond, York- 
 shire ; North Midland, Rev. John Lees, B. A., Kenilworth ; South 
 Midland, Rev. Edw. Walker, M. A., Cheltenham. — South Western, 
 Rev. J. G. Kelly, B.A., Bristol ; South Eastern, Rev. J. N. Green 
 Armytage, M.A., Society's offices. — Assistant Secretary, Thomas 
 Atchison, Esq. — Collector, Mr. Robt. Watkins. — Bankers, Messrs. 
 Williams and Co. 
 
 SOCIETY for PROMOTWa the EMPLOYMENT 
 of ADDITIONAL CURATES in Populous Places, 7, 
 Whitehall. Instituted 1837. To increase the present means 
 of pastoral instruction and superintendence, and contribute 
 to the maintenance of additional clergymen, in parishes 
 where their services are most required. This society repre- 
 sent that they are prepared to grant, by way of endowment, 
 a sum not exceeding one-half of the amount raised for the 
 same purpose by local contributions, and under £500 : such 
 local contributions to be actually raised or secured under 
 the trusteeship of the governors of Queen Anne's Bounty. 
 Applications received only through the bishop of the diocese. 
 
385 
 
 VISITING SOCIETIES fiHtilllial (IBtoatillll. A.D. 1837-1844 
 
 or with his sanction ; and no payment can be made to in- 
 cumbents except for curates approved by the diocesan, and 
 duly licensed. 
 
 This society, with the aid of its five affiliated diocesan 
 associations, disburses about ^35,000 annually, for the main- 
 tenance of additional curates. The present number of an- 
 nual grants, supporting an equal number of clergymen, is 
 three hundred and thirty- three ; besides forty-one endow- 
 ment grants, eifected since its formation. The annual in- 
 come of this fund amounts to £21,000, derived, with the 
 trifling exception of £962, entirely from benevolent contri- 
 butions. The funds appear in a satisfactory condition, and 
 the expenditure well covered. 
 
 Presidents, Archbishops of Canterbury and York. — Trustees ; 
 Sir R. H. Inglis, Bart., M. P.; and the Treasurers : Joshua Watson, 
 
 Esq., D.C.L.; Benjamin Harrison, Esq. Secretary, Rev. J. M. 
 
 llodwell, M.A. — Assistant Secretary, Rev. George Ainslie, M. A. 
 CHURCH of ENGLAND SCRIPTURE READERS' 
 Association, 4, Trafalgar-square. Instituted 1844. For pro- 
 viding assistants to the clergy of populous parishes in the 
 metropolis, to supply the people with such private ministra- 
 tions and reading of God's word, as the clergy themselves 
 are unable adequately to afibrd. Its operations include 
 grants to seventy-two incumbents, whose parochial popula- 
 tion amounts to 996,992, being a population of 13,847 to 
 each incumbent ; and support ninety-seven scripture-readers, 
 by whose labours not less than 118,000 families are visited 
 and instructed in the Holy Scriptures. The readers are 
 selected by the clergy of the respective districts, or by the 
 committee ; and in no case are continued in any district 
 against the will of the incumbent. The sanction of the 
 bishop is likewise required to each appointment. The en- 
 gagement with each reader is to give thirty-six hours a-week 
 to reading the Scriptures from house to house ; keeping ac- 
 count of the portions read, &c. ; urging upon parents and 
 oriiers the duty of attending church, and of sending children 
 to school. No other work but the Scriptures and the Prayer 
 Book is allowed ; and no preaching, either in houses or else- 
 where. The readers going from house to house through 
 their allotted districts, the proportion in which these visits 
 have been divided among diiFerent denominations, may fairly 
 be taken to represent the general religious profession of the 
 population visited. During the past year the visits have 
 
 25 
 
386 
 
 CLERICAL AID, ^liillg k iHiprilDillg PASTORAL (fe LAY, 
 
 been made as follows : to members of the Church of England^ 
 200,280 ; Dissenters, 34,840 ; Roman Catholics, 23,850 ; 
 those of no religious profession, and who frequent no place 
 of worship, 96,314. 
 
 The cash statement for the past year presents some little 
 improvement over former years. The committee had been 
 seriously considering the expediency of withdrawing a large 
 number of their readers ; but now, although nine have been 
 withdrawn, they have been enabled to place them in other 
 localities ; and to prevent a recurrence of embarrassment, 
 they have determined to require a small contribution, for 
 the future, from each district in which the reader is placed. 
 The funded property realizes .£5,000 per annum, leaving 
 ^2,500 depending upon voluntary aid. 
 
 Patron, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Clerical Secretary, Rev. 
 Edward Garbett, M. A. — Lay Secretary, J. R. Tate, Esq. — Bankers : 
 Messrs. Herries, Farquhar, & Co. — Collector, Mr. R. S. Hartnell. 
 
 CLERICAL ED UCATION AID FUND, 18, Sergeant's 
 Inn. Instituted 1845, To increase the efficiency of the 
 Established Church, by adding to the number of its ordained 
 ministers, the inadequacy of which is shown by the difficulty 
 too often experienced by incumbents in obtaining curates, 
 as testified in the working of the Church Pastoral Aid Soci- 
 ety. In seeking out and selecting such young persons as 
 may be deserving of aid, and whose views it would be desi- 
 rable to advance, " a decision of Christian character, and a 
 devotedness to the cause of Christ, with a clear and heart- 
 felt perception of the distinguishing truths of the Gospel, to 
 form the basis of proceedings — full evidence of which must 
 be produced to warrant the advancement of any one proposed 
 as candidate for aid." During the four years in which the 
 committee have been engaged in carrying out this object, 
 the education of nine young men has been completed, out of 
 twenty-three, whose education has been undertaken at an 
 expense of upwards of .£3,000. 
 
 The present income is little better than ^1,000 per annum, 
 and apparently very insufficient for the purpose, the last 
 cash statement presenting ^n excess of expenditure over re- 
 ceipts. It is entirely dependent on voluntary contributions. 
 
 Treasurer, John Dean Paul, Esq. — Secretary, Rev. Thomas 
 Rochford Redwar, M.A. — Honorary Physician, Dr. Chapman, 27, 
 Lower Gro3venor-street. 
 
387 
 
 VISITING SOCIETIES, ^^fltinnfll (Btotmn. a.d. 1825-1834 
 
 THE SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN 
 INSTR UCTION in London and its Vicinity, 60, Paternos- 
 ter-row. Founded 1825. About one hundred chapels of the 
 metropolis, chiefly Independent or Congregational, are asso- 
 ciated with this institution in carrying out its objects, which 
 are thus defined in the words of its report : — " To advance 
 evangelical religion, by promoting the observance of the 
 Lord's Day, preaching of the Gospel, establishment of prayer 
 meetings and schools, circulation of religious tracts, and the 
 establishment of gratuitous circulating libraries, with every 
 other legitimate method which the committee may from time 
 to time approve, for the accomplishment of the great object 
 contemplated by the society." For these purposes, above 
 2,000 gratuitous agents are systematically employed in the 
 visitation of the poor. The income, which amounts to about 
 £500 per annum, is derived, half from voluntary contribu- 
 tions, and half from sale of publications, and exceeds the 
 expenditure. 
 
 Agents and ministers rendering personal service, and per- 
 sons subscribing ten shillings and sixpence per annum, are 
 members. 
 
 Treasurer, Thomas Challis, Esq., Alderman, 32, Wilson-square, 
 Finsbury. — Secretaries : Rev. Robert Ashton, Putney, Surrey ; 
 Mr. John Pittman, 9, Grove-place, Hackney. — Collector, Mr. J. 
 Ridler, 3, Normandy-place, Brixton. 
 
 LONDON DOMESTIC MISSION SOCIETY, 45, Lin- 
 coln's-inn-fields. Established 1834. To advance the im- 
 provement of the moral and religious character of the poor, 
 a,nd the amelioration of their condition : "by employing mis- 
 sionaries to visit and assemble them at appointed stations 
 for the purpose of worship and instruction ; establishing 
 day, Sunday, and evening schools, and other means of im- 
 provement ; and by the gratuitous distribution, sale, or loan, 
 of copies of the Scriptures, books, and tracts." The whole 
 amount of expenditure is about £1,000, defrayed by volun- 
 tary contributions of about £1,200, and £105 dividends; but 
 these receipts include a provision for a special building fund. 
 
 Five shillings annually, or five guineas donation, consti- 
 tutes a member. 
 
 Treasurer, P. Worsley, Esq., Brewery, Chiswell-street. — Mis- 
 sionaries : Rev. W. Vidler, Chapel-street, Milton-street ; Charles 
 L. Corkran, Spicer-street, Brick-lane, Spitalfields. — Hon. Secre- 
 tary, Henry Enfield, Esq., 45, Jjincoln's-inn-fields. — Collector, 
 Mr. Wiche, 5, New King-street, Deptford. 
 
388 
 
 PASTORAL & LAY ^iMttg k iiH^irnmirg 
 
 LONDON CITY MISSION, 7, Red Lion-equare. Insti- 
 tuted 1 835. For the purpose of affording Christian instruc- 
 tion, on a large and comprehensive scale, throughout Lon- 
 don, especially amongst the lower classes. This society em- 
 ploys missionaries of approved character and qualifications, 
 who give themselves entirely to the work, visiting from house 
 to house, in the respective districts assigned to them, read- 
 ing the Scriptures, engaging in religious conversation, and 
 urging those who are living in the neglect of religion, to ob- 
 serve the Sabbath and to attend public worship. They also 
 see that persons possess the Scriptures,^ distribute approved 
 religious tracts, and aid in obtaining Scriptural education 
 for the children of the poor. From the catholic Christian 
 principles of the constitution of this society, its zealous and 
 successful operations, the funds are supported very generally 
 by both Churchmen and Dissenters. The receipts, during the 
 past year were the largest it has yet had, viz., £19,069, and 
 the present number of its agents is 235. The average num- 
 ber of families under their constant visitation is 120,000, or 
 nearly half a million of human beings. Candidates for mis- 
 sionary labour must be between twenty-four and forty-five 
 years of age, and each has to pass an examination by the 
 committee. 
 
 One guinea annually, or £10 donation, or the payment of 
 a legacy of £50 and upwards as an executor, constitutes a 
 member ; also clergymen and Dissenting ministers, who 
 collect for the mission £5 annually, are members. 
 
 Treasurer, Sir Edward North Buxton, Bart., M.P.. — Sub- 
 Treasurer, Mr. J. J. Marks. —Secretaries : Rev. J. Garwood, 
 M.A. ; and Rev. John Robinson. 
 
 BRITISH <& FOREIGN TO WN MISSION SOCIETY, 
 20, Red Lion-square. Established ] 837. To employ mission- 
 aries, scripture-readers, and colporteurs, in the cities, towns, 
 villages, and agricultural districts of England and Wales. 
 To select and qualify, by suitable training, men of approved 
 character, as scripture-readers, and town or city missionaries, 
 without reference to any denominational distinction. In 
 
 ^ " In the year 1838, every family in the metropolis found destitute o 
 the Scriptures, was supplied, through the London City Mission, by the 
 generosity of the British and Foreign Bible Society." — Extract from the 
 Report. 
 
389 
 
 SOCIETIES, ifttinnal (Btoratinn. a.d. 18I8-1849 
 
 connexion with this society are about fifty missions, in which 
 are employed above one hundred agents. Scripture-readers, 
 (fee, at a cost of £4,000 per annum. 
 
 Treasurer, J. Dean Paul, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev. 
 R. W. Dibdin ; Rev. J. A. Miller. — Secretary, Mr. Thomas Gel- 
 dart, 20, Red Lion-square. 
 
 BRITISH AND FOREIGN SAILORS' SOCIETY, 
 2, JefFreys'-square, St. Mary-axe. Instituted 1818. For 
 the promotion of the religious and moral welfare of British 
 and Foreign seamen, by the distribution of Bibles, tracts, 
 preaching, domiciliary and ship visitation, by model lodging 
 houses, retreat for aged seamen, a registry office, and savings' 
 bank. This society has only recently been reorganized ; the 
 annual report consequently not being completed, the present 
 extent of operations cannot be arrived»at. 
 
 One guinea annual, or ten guineas donation, constitutes a 
 member; also being an office-bearer of an affiliated institution. 
 
 President, Earl of Duoie. — Treasurer, Sir John Pirie, Bart. — 
 Secretaries : Rev. Edward Muscutt ; Mr. T. A. Fieldwick. 
 
 THE MARINERS' FRIEND SOCIETY, 58, Fen- 
 church -street. Established in 1849. Somewhat similar in 
 designation to the Shipwrecked Fishermen's Society (p. 139), 
 but that attempts to provide more against destitution after 
 shipwreck. But this, now in its infancy, is formed " to pro- 
 mote the spiritual, moral, and social improvement of seamen, 
 fishermen, and others connected with maritime affiiu's, and 
 to prevent loss of life, and other exigencies, arising from 
 wrecks, fires, and various disasters incidental to seafaring 
 life." Their moral improvement it is proposed to accomplish 
 by establishing day and evening schools, delivering lectures, 
 holding religious services, distributing tracts, lending books, 
 (fee. ; their safety is to be provided for by establishing wreck 
 brigade stations on the most dangerous parts of our coasts, 
 and furnishing them with all the well known appliances to 
 be used in case of shipwreck, &c. 
 
 Treasurer, Henry Francis, Esq. — Superintendent, Mr. William 
 Bradford. — Secretary, Mr. John Arnold. — Office, 94, St. George- 
 street, London Docks, and 58, Fenchurch-street. 
 
 THE THAMES CHURCH MISSION SOCIETY, 74, 
 King William-street. Instituted 1844. For promoting the 
 spiritual welfare of the seamen remaining on board the ves- 
 
390 
 
 THAMES CHURCH ^iMlIg ^ intprDllillg MISSION, A.D, 1844 
 
 sels -which lie at the different sections in the River Thames, 
 between the pools in London and the anchorage at Gravesend, 
 awaiting their turn to go up and deliver their cargoes in the 
 metropolis. The admiralty have granted the " Severn" cut- 
 ter, for the service ; it is fitted up as a church for 120 men. 
 The chaplain resides on board, and conducts two full services, 
 at one station or other, every Sunday ; in the afternoon an 
 Adult Bible Class is held ; and throughout the week he is 
 engaged in holding evening services on board the Mission 
 vessel, in visiting from ship to ship, becoming acquainted 
 with the crews of the colliers, imparting to them religious 
 instruction, and seeing that they are provided with bibles, 
 prayer-books, and religious tracts ; he has also a lending 
 library on board. This Thames church is generally to be seen 
 moored of a Sunday alongside the largest collection of ships, 
 with her boats engaged in conveying seamen to and fro 
 to each service.^ Suitable signals are made to denote the 
 hours, and the bell rings for half an hour previous. 4028 
 vessels have been visited, 1730 English bibles, 460 prayer- 
 books, etc., have been sold, and 196 public services held 
 during the past year. The annual income realizes about 
 £500, derived entirely from voluntary contributions ; but 
 this is exceeded by the present expenditure to an extent of 
 nearly £100. 
 
 One pound annual, or 10s. from a clergyman, or £10 do- 
 nation, constitutes a member of the society. 
 
 Patron, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurer, Capt. Frederick 
 Madan. — Honorary Secretary, Capt. W. E. Farrer. — Chaplain, 
 Rev. William Holdemess. — Collector, Mr. W. Maltby, 41, Tre- 
 degar-square. Mile-end-road. 
 
 Ragged Schools had their origin in the early operations, 
 it is believed, of the London City Mission ; the first school 
 formed of the character, being in 1837, in Westminster, by 
 a Mr. Walker, an agent of that society, under the title of the 
 
 ^ The London Episcopal Floating Church Society is no longer in 
 existence, its necessity having been superseded by the establishment 
 of " St. Paul's Church for seamen of the port of London", Dock-street, 
 consecrated July 10, 1847 ; supported in part by contributions. In 
 the course of a year, it is computed that above 7,000 seamen come to 
 this church ; a field of usefulness that can scarcely be overrated. (See 
 " Sailors' Maritime Establishment", page 138). Treasurer, Andrew John- 
 son, Esq., 11, Great Tower-street. — Incumbent, Rev. C. B Gribble, M.A. 
 
391 
 
 RAGGED SCHOOLS. ^BatlllEal (Bimrfltillll. THEIR VALUE. 
 
 " Ragged School, or School of Industry" : the plan was improv- 
 ed upon in 1843, by Sheriff Watson and others in Aberdeen: 
 the design of its authors being " to reach the very depths of 
 ignorance, vice, and destitution, by drawing the mendicant 
 and ragged children out of the streets."^ The class compre- 
 hended by the object of ragged schools, it must be borne in 
 mind, are debarred, by their abject and sadly demoralized 
 condition, from all other means of instruction and improve- 
 ment ; no existing schools previous to this scheme, could 
 admit them within its walls : sunk as they were in ignorance 
 and vice, they were considered unfit to mix with any other 
 part of our juvenile population : children, with none of the 
 happiness, and little of the innocency of childhood — with 
 frames stunted by hunger and filth — with hearts ignorant 
 of the first rudiments of Christian knowledge, yet whose 
 hands are perhaps skUful in the intricate mysteries of theft : 
 a class large enough to occupy all our efforts without intes- 
 fering with those otherwise provided for ; — it comprehends 
 the children of convicts and thieves not in custody ; of 
 mendicants and tramps ; of worthless drunken parents ; and 
 others too numerous to mention — varying in age from two 
 to twenty, and occasionally much older. 
 
 Ragged schools, w ith all their acknowledged imperfections, 
 have done much to improve this class. Whether we look at the 
 benefits conferred on the children themselves (who are many 
 of them from time to time drafted off to better schools, or 
 placed in situations to earn an honest livelihood), or at the 
 influence for good exerted on the parents and neighbourhood, 
 of which some remarkable cases might be adduced ; whether 
 we regard the amount of Christian benevolence such institu- 
 tions have called forth in favour of the destitute poor, or 
 the information they have tended to diffuse respecting their 
 forlorn condition — whether we dwell upon the blessings they 
 produce, or on the evUs they prevent, there can be no doubt 
 that a vast amount of good has been effected through their 
 instrumentality within the last few years ; and it is pleasing 
 to observe that this good is daily spreading, not only from 
 the increase in the number of schools, but from the improve- 
 ment everywhere visible in their discipline, order, and 
 usefulness ; so that parents are thus becoming alive to the 
 benefits conferred on their children, and the teachers in- 
 creasingly interested in the work. 
 
 ^ Vide note, page 394. 
 
392 
 
 RAGGED SCHOOL %MU% k M^HTM'^ UNION, A.D. 1844 
 
 We cannot close this necessarily brief testimony to their 
 value, without noticing the series of papers lately published,^ 
 not only calling in question the usefulness of ragged schools, 
 but stigmatizing them as the promoters of that which it is 
 their design to suppress, terming them " nurseries for cri- 
 minals, and houses of call for thieves." From the general 
 tone of philanthropy running through the previous letters, 
 and the usual character of the author's other works, we 
 were led to think that in the first instance this attack was 
 an inadvertance ; but when it is seen how pertinaciously 
 these statements are adhered to, and laboured inferences 
 endeavoured to be drawn from ingenious statistics, we can 
 only come to the conclusion, that it is an intentional effort 
 to write them down, and to influence the public against their 
 support. It appears chiefly grounded on the fact of ragged 
 schools having failed to accomplish — that which never could 
 be, and never was, expected of them by their promoters — 
 the regeneration of the community we have already de- 
 scribed ; to be grounded on a total ignorance of the thorough 
 corruption of the heart of man, expecting even a moral 
 influence from the education of the worst ; contrary to the 
 school-day experience recorded in the memory of the very 
 best amongst us ; and from confusing the effects to be 
 expected from imparting knowledge, and explaining means, 
 with that which alone is the work of the grace of God. 
 
 We only notice the attack here, with a view of drawing 
 attention to the complete refutation published by the Union, 
 in their magazine for May 1850 : the perusal of this we re- 
 commend to all likely to be swayed by the arguments of the 
 writer referred to ; entirely agreeing with the conclusion 
 come to by the editor, that " the friends of ragged schools 
 have nothing to fear," and almost to believe, with him, that 
 
 " charges so monstrous as Mr. M has brought against 
 
 them, can only be believed by such as wish them to be true.''^ 
 
 THE RAGGED SCHOOL UNION, established for the 
 support of free schools, for the destitute poor of London and 
 its suburbs, 1844. 15, Exeter-hall. " To encourage and 
 assist those who teach in Ragged Schools, to help such by 
 small grants of money, where advisable ; to collect and dif- 
 
 ^ Letters on tlie Labouring Classes, by the Special Metropolitan Com- 
 missioner of the Morning Chronicle, during April 1850. 
 
393 
 
 RAGGED SCHOOLS. 
 
 iatiniiHl (Btoratinn. 
 
 EXAMPLES. 
 
 fuse information respecting schools now in existence, and 
 promote the formation of new ones ; to suggest plans for the 
 more efficient management of such schools, and for the in- 
 struction of the children of the poor in general ; to visit the 
 various schools occasionally, and observe their progress ; to 
 encourage teachers' meetings and Bible classes ; and to assist 
 the old as well as the young in the study of the Word of God." 
 The annual receipts of the union vary in amount from 
 £3,000 to £4,000, derived wholly from voluntary contribu- 
 tions ; and the expenditure and aid afforded to the various 
 schools in union, is necessarily regulated by it. Amongst 
 other means of usefulness effected by the fund, is the publi- 
 cation of a monthly magazine, devoted to the cause, affording 
 every information of its progress. Members, teachers, and 
 superintendents representing ragged schools, and all Sub- 
 scribers of ten shillings per annum and upwards, have the 
 privilege of attending its meetings. 
 
 Chairman of Committee, Lord Ashley, M.P. — Treasurer, R. L. 
 Bevan, Esq., Lombard-street. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. William 
 Locke, 127, Regent-street. — Secretary, Mr. Joseph George Gent, 
 15, Exeter Hall. — Assistant Secretary, Mr. Alexander Anderson. 
 — Bankers, Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, and Co., 54, Lombard-street. 
 — Collector, Mr. W. A. Blake, 4, Southampton-row, New-road. 
 
 The following is a summary of the ragged schools in Lon- 
 don and its suburbs ; arranged in districts : — 1st. Eastern 
 Districts ; 2nd. Central and Northern ; 3rd. Western ; and 
 4th. Southern. They are all under the management of local 
 independent committees, but are in connexion with the 
 "Union", and from time to time receive pecuniary assistance 
 from its funds. 
 
 District. 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Attendance of Scholars. 
 
 Attend, of Teachers. 
 
 Koomto 
 Accommodate. 
 
 Sunday. 
 
 Weekday. 
 
 Evening. 
 
 Voluntary. 
 
 Paid. 
 
 l8t . 
 
 Jnd . 
 3rd . 
 4th . 
 
 15 
 
 24 
 20 
 23 
 
 1S65 
 2479 
 2063 
 1721 
 
 735 
 1463 
 1684 
 
 413 
 
 981 
 1388 
 1140 
 1315 
 
 210 
 223 
 259 
 237 
 
 20 
 39 
 43 
 
 22 
 
 2045 
 3235 
 3090 
 3340 
 
 82 
 
 8130 1 4295 
 
 4824 
 
 929 
 
 124 1 11710 1 
 
 The number of children partaking more or less of the 
 benefits of these schools might be stated at 16,000 ; but the 
 average of numbers, in actual attendance, cannot be safely 
 estimated at more than 9,600. This is adding the evening 
 
394 
 
 BAGGED SCHOOLS. ^iMlIg k ilII|irnEiUg EXAMPLES. 
 
 scholars to the day scholars, as they are almost in every case 
 a distinct and different class, but does not include Sunday 
 scholars, who are many of them the same as those who attend 
 the day or evening schools. The number of these in attend- 
 ance is nearly 9,000.i 
 
 It would prove an unnecessary occupation of space, to give 
 a full list of these local schools, although possessing the 
 material ; but the under-mentioned, as one of the longest 
 established, will, with what has already been said, and the 
 examples given of various collateral operations arising out of 
 the system, serve for all practical purposes, to illustrate the 
 objects aimed at, mode of operations, extent and value of 
 this great work as a whole. 
 
 Field-lane Bagged School, corner of West-street, Victoria- 
 street, Holborn-hill. Instituted 1841. This school, situate in 
 one of the most wretched and demoralized localities in the 
 metropolis, is not only one of the first that was established,|but 
 is now one of the largest of its kind in London. In the language 
 of its last report " this school receives those whom every one 
 else refuses", either from their extreme poverty, or their 
 filthy and ragged condition ; and is free of any expense to 
 all who attend. The school is open daily, morning and 
 afternoon, for children under 12 years of age. On Monday, 
 
 ^ The following description, two years since, of the neighbourhood of 
 one of these schools, taken from the report, strikingly demonstrates the 
 peculiar sphere of operations of Ragged Schools : " The degraded condition 
 of the Seven Dials, St, Giles', is notorious, — vagrants, thieves,sharpers,gam. 
 biers .beggars, costermongers . scavengers, basketwomen, charwomen , army- 
 seamstresses,andprostitutes,compose its mass; infidels,chartists,socialists, 
 and blasphemers, exist there as in head-quarters. Sabbath desecration 
 there is awful ; and, in addition to the street traflBc, there are not less than 
 one hundred and fifty shops open, in these sti eets, upon that sacred day : 
 the laws of God and of man are alike defied ; all social order is set at 
 naught; the passenger is more or less molested and insulted ; and even the 
 members of their own degraded fellowship and fraternity are often forcibly 
 deprived, by their companions, of any little property which they may 
 happen to possess. Lodging-houses of the lowest and dirtiest description, 
 thickly studded in these streets, alleys, and yards, afford temporary shel- 
 ter to the vagrant and the criminal. It is in the very heart of this de- 
 based and debasing locality, that our school is situate ; its entrance-door 
 is in the extreme angle of an irregular, three-cornered yard, — a spot so 
 exceedingly uninviting, that few respectable persons have courage to ven- 
 ture through it." 
 
395 
 
 BAGGED SCHOOLS. HfltilHIfll (EilKKltinil. EXAMPLES. 
 
 Wednesday, and Thursday evenings, there is an adult school 
 for males ; and on Tuesday evenings, an adult school and 
 industrial class is held for females. 
 
 On Friday evening, and on Sunday afternoon, and Sunday 
 evening, the school is open for religious instruction exclu- 
 sively. Upwards of 1200 children and adults have been 
 admitted in a year. The large number of poor and utterly 
 destitute orphan boys attending the school has led the com- 
 mittee to open a refuge for a few of the most necessitous. 
 The Refuge, (No. 11, John's-court, West-street), is now full. 
 Here, the boys' industrial classes, of tailors and shoe- 
 makers, are held on Monday and Wednesday evenings. 
 There are now under instruction upwards of 700 men, women, 
 and children weekly. It is entirely supported by voluntary 
 contributions, which amount to nearly ^£300 per annum, and 
 the necessary disbursements to within a few pounds of that 
 sum. 
 
 Treasurer, Mrs. Stuart, 46, Old Change. — Superintendent, Mrs. 
 Mounstephen, 72, West Smithfield. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. 
 J. T. M. Ware, 34, Upper North-place, Gray's-inn-road. 
 
 The Westminster Ragged Dormitory, is in connexion with 
 the New Pye-street Eagged School, and only for the benefit 
 of such as attend thereat from nine till five. For the first 
 fortnight, each inmate is admitted only to the probationary 
 room, and allowed one pound of bread daily. After giving 
 satisfactory evidence of earnestness, they are taken into the 
 dormitory, where they undergo a regular course of training, 
 both educational and industrial. The number at present in 
 the dormitory is but thirteen, who are maintained at a cost 
 of £3 per week, including rent. The plan deserves to be 
 more fully carried out than the present^ receipts allow of, 
 and the more so, as there is plenty of room to accommodate 
 more scholars. Master, Charles Nash. 
 
 Somewhat similar to this local existing refuge, the com- 
 mittee of the union have now in view, on a larger scale, the 
 establishment of a central refiige, or industrial school, where 
 destitute boys and girls, from the various ragged schools, 
 
 ^ The promoter and superintendent of the plan writes: "A benevolent 
 lady, who has been my chief support in this matter, has promised I shall 
 not want for the means for the present inmates, if I cannot obtain them 
 from any other source. The greatest difficulty is, how I am to dispose 
 of them all ; several have been with me for months, and all wish, eventu- 
 ally, to leave England." 
 
396 
 
 COTTAGE SCHOOL ^iMlIg k illljiriliriEg SOCIETY, A.D. 1848 
 
 may, for a certain time previous to qualifying for emigra- 
 tion, be lodged, trained, and taught some useful trade ; thus 
 being made, in many respects, " more fit for the duties of a 
 colonial life than those who have just gone out." With 
 this view, a public meeting was held in June last, at the 
 Guildhall, presided over by the Lord Mayor, when the sum 
 of £350 was subscribed towards such an establishment ; but 
 the committee have not yet succeeded in obtaining suitable 
 premises, or a suitable site for building. 
 
 The Bagged School Emigrant Fund, originated with the 
 government grants to the promoters of ragged schools, for 
 the purpose of trying the effect of the plan. It doubtless 
 would have been persevered in to a much greater extent, but 
 for the many applications all over the country, upon behalf 
 of the industrious and deserving poor artizan or labourer, for 
 similar facilities and assistance ; and the selection of the 
 ragged and degraded portion of the community, however 
 deserving, in preference to the more respectable, but equally 
 destitute, presented so many difficulties, that government 
 signified they were not prepared to grant any further 
 amounts to the purpose. The committee are now, therefore, 
 restricted to such funds as are supplied by the chari- 
 table ; and the assistance to emigrate is offered only in the 
 shape of extras prizes to the most diligent and deserving of 
 the scholars.^ — (For Emigration Societies vide chapter viii.) 
 
 Contributions for this purpose are received by the secretary 
 of the Union, as before. 
 
 THE COTTAGE SCHOOL SOCIETY. Established 
 1848. For the training of mistresses, and for otherwise aid- 
 ing the formation of small private schools for the poor. 
 Thus describes the principles and objects aimed at : — " The 
 Cottage School Society hopes to make schools in rural loca- 
 lities a very feasible scheme, to introduce into dame schools 
 
 1 Conditions required of every candidate for emigration from the Rag- 
 ged Schools : — Sound health ; regular attendance, for at least six months, 
 in a Ragged School ; the ability to write a single sentence from dictation ; 
 to work the four simple rules of arithmetic ; to read fluently ; to repeat 
 the Lord's Prayer and Ten Commandments, showing a comprehension 
 of their meaning, and answer a few simple questions on the life of our 
 Saviour. To these must be added a certificate of regular attendance in 
 some industrial class, for at least four months ; or a competent knowledge 
 of some handicraft, or practical occupation, which would serve as an equi- 
 valent for such industrial training. 
 
m 
 
 SUNDAY SCHOOLS. ^atlllllHl (0ilnratilIlI. OKIQIN, A.D. 1785 
 
 a more intellectual tone, and to meet the wants of half a 
 million untaught chUdren in an exceedingly economical 
 manner. The system of this society is based upon the pure 
 and simple principles of evangelical truth, as set forth in the 
 Articles and Formularies of the Church of England ; and it 
 will require, that in all schools connected with it, the religi- 
 ous teaching shall be governed by the same principles. A 
 training and model school will, it is hoped, shortly be opened, 
 where the peculiar system of the society may be seen in ope- 
 ration. Pious steady females will be received, and trained 
 for six weeks in the clear and simple method of the Cottage 
 School Society. From this institution it is hoped to send 
 out about three hundred mistresses every year. The expense 
 of supporting a cottage school in rural localities is very 
 slight. There are already nearly thirty such schools in ope- 
 ration, and the children's pence are generally sufficient for 
 the support of the mistress. The cottage forms the school- 
 room, and only a trifling sum is needed for the school requi- 
 sites, (fee. The London Training Institution will be nearly 
 self-supporting, but funds are much needed for the prelimi- 
 nary expenses, and also to enable the society to make grants 
 to very necessitous localities." 
 
 The Metropolitan Training School not being opened, there 
 is no report yet ready. The temporary training school is at 
 High Wycombe, where forty mistresses have now been 
 trained. 
 
 Additional particulars may be obtained of the Rev. W. 
 Meynell Whittemore, St. Stephen's, Coleman-street, London, 
 to whom applications for the training institution should be 
 addressed. The books for cottage schools, already published, 
 may be had of the Society's publishers, Wertheim and Co., 
 24, Paternoster-row. 
 
 Sunday Schools. Inadvertently placed last in our educa- 
 tional chapter, but not least in estimation, come " Our 
 Sabbath Schools," blessed in their operations and their re- 
 sults at all times ; but especially when connected, as they 
 generally are in London, with the schools for week-day 
 instruction. Then, indeed, there is good hope afforded that 
 the secular duties and instruction pursued during the week 
 may be sanctified by the privileges of the Sabbath, with 
 the tendency at least, both to pupil and teacher, of making 
 the week, like the Sabbath, more and more consecrated to 
 the service of God. 
 
398 
 
 St7NDAY SCHOOL ^ihlllg ^ ilUprDDillg SOCIETIES, 1785-43 
 
 It is now about seventy years since, we believe in 1781, 
 when the first Sunday school was collected by Mr. Robert 
 Raikes, in Gloucester. Nothing can be more simple than 
 the history of the institution ; it soon commanded universal 
 approbation and eventually adoption. The seed that was 
 then sown, like the handful of corn on the top of the moun- 
 tains, has shaken like Lebanon, and now there is scarcely to 
 be found a locality unblessed with its Sabbath school ; alike 
 clustering in the city and isolated in the village,^ they 
 exist in every Christian country under heaven, and millions 
 of children and youth are thus brought to the pure fountain 
 of God's truth and permitted to drink freely of its life 
 giving waters.^ 
 
 SOCIETY for the SUPPORT and Emouragement of 
 SUNDA T SCHOOLS, throughout the British Dominions, 
 60, Paternoster Row. Instituted 1785. The means em- 
 ployed are the gratuitous supply of Bibles, Testaments, and 
 elementary lesson books, to all schools requiring aid. It 
 does not furnish catechisms of any kind, but supplies such 
 books as are used by Wesleyans, Presbyterians, Baptists, and 
 Congregationalists, as well as by schools in connexion with 
 the Established Church. Number of schools stated to have 
 been assisted during the year, 118; containing scholars, 
 9,506. The income appears very limited, under £100 per 
 annum, and the funded amount not to exceed £500. 
 
 The committee meet on the third Wednesday in every 
 month, to consider applications. Forms of the queries to 
 be answered by applicants may be had of the assistant 
 secretary. 
 
 President, Marquis Cholmondeley. — Treasurer, D. Borsley, 
 Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Mr. Joseph Eke ; Mr. W. H. Bruce. 
 — Collector, Mr. James Brown, Exeter Hall. 
 
 ^ The present number of Sunday schools throughout England and 
 Wales, is computed to exceed 20,000 ; and the number of scholars, in 
 1849, above 2,000,000 ; but no parliamentary returns on the subject have 
 been made since 1833, when the former was 16,828, and the latter, 
 1,648,890. Judging from the returns of the Sunday School Union, the 
 Sunday scholars in the metropolis were as 1 in 19. 
 
 ^ " The mainstay of religious education is to be found in our Sunday 
 Schools, — the most earnest, the most devoted, the most pious, of our seve- 
 ral congregations, are accustomed, with meritorious zeal, to dedicate them- 
 selves to this great work," — Dr. Hook's Letter to the Bishop of St. David's. 
 
399 
 
 SUNDAY SCHOOL jiatlDIial (BtoHtilHI. SOCIETIES. 
 
 SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION, 60, Paternoster Row. 
 Established 1806. It aids iu the formation of Sunday 
 schools, and encourages the exertions of teachers at home 
 and abroad ; it consists of the members of the auxiliary 
 unions in London, and subscribers. 
 
 The following are the numbers of schools, teachers, and 
 scholars, within a circle of five miles from the General Post 
 Office, as reported last year : Schools 623 ; teachers 12,642; 
 scholars 123,949. Average attendance 82,675, or rather 
 more than two-thirds. 
 
 Supported by subscribers of 10s. 6d. annually and up- 
 wards, who are entitled to purchase, at reduced prices, books 
 to five times the amount of their subscriptions. 
 
 The annual income is about £1256, derived, £460 from 
 voluntary contributions and £781 from net profits on sale 
 of publications. The annual amount of sales averages 
 about £9000. 
 
 President, Earl of Roden. — Treasurer, W. Brodie Qumey, 
 Esq. — Secretaries : Messrs. W. H. Watson, Peter Jackson, Robt. 
 Latter, and W. Groper. — Collector, Mr. C. T. Howshall, 34, Mar- 
 garet-street. 
 
 CHURCH OF ENGLAND SUNDAY SCHOOL IN- 
 STITUTE, 169, Fleet Street. Established 1843. The 
 object of this very excellent institution is not only to assist 
 in the formation of Sunday schools throughout the country, 
 but also to form a central point of union where the teachers 
 may gain such information as may enable them faithfully 
 to discharge the duties they undertake ; there is also a 
 library for circulation of good works in general literature, 
 and lectures are given to the members, from time to time, 
 by clergymen. Conversational meetings are also held on 
 matters of Sunday school discipline. 
 
 Members must be recommended by a clergyman, or a 
 member of the committee, or the superintendant of a Sun- 
 day school ; and contribute to the funds either by a donation 
 of five guineas and upwards, or, if Sunday school teachers, 
 pay 5s. per annum or Is. 6d. per quarter. Also the teachers 
 of schools in union with the institution, that contribute one 
 guinea annually. The present number of schools connected 
 with it are 57; and of teachers, 1642. 
 
 The funds are supported by such subscriptions and dona- 
 tions to a present extent of .£360 per annum ; the receipts 
 
400 ■ 
 
 INSTITUTIONS FOR iEiMUg k illl|ltlining YOUNG MEN. 
 
 for publications now average between £600 and £700 per 
 annum ; this can afford no exact estimate, however, of the 
 society's operations for a future year : as the zeal and devoted 
 earnestness characterizing its promoters and immediate direc- 
 tors, promises for it a much larger scope of action and the 
 exercise of a more powerful influence than its present limited 
 means would seem to justify. A quarterly publication issued 
 by this society, termed the Church Sunday School Quarterly 
 Magazine, is replete with interesting matter connected with 
 the great cause of Christian education, is conducted upon 
 excellent principles, and evidences much singleness of pur- 
 pose aided by talent. 
 
 Treasurer, John Labouchere, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Cor- 
 responding, Mr. J. G. Fleet, 141, Fenchurch-street ; Finance, Mr. 
 C. H. Charlton, 28, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars ; Minute, Mr. 
 T. M. Ball, 10, Albion-terrace, Canonbury. — Depositary and 
 Collector, Mr. Thomas Geo. Broadstock, 169, Fleet-street. 
 
 The Church of Etigland Schooli/nasters and Mistresses 
 Mutual Provident Society partakes of the usual charac- 
 teristics of a mutual assurance fund. It is not within our 
 limits to do more than refer to it, as available and apparently 
 desirable for teachers and assistants. The office is at 10, 
 Exeter-hall, but detailed information can be obtained at 
 this institution. Secretary, Mr, S. J. J. Hind. 
 
 The chief effects aimed at by the two next institutions, 
 being the exercise and extension of Christian influence upon 
 a class, they appear closely associated in object with many 
 of the foregoing, and therefore comprehended in the present 
 chapter. 
 
 CHURCH OF ENGLANDYOUNG MEN'S SOCIETY 
 
 foraiding missions athomeandabroad,10,St.Bride's-passage, 
 Fleet-street. Established 1844. For promoting a missionary 
 spirit among young men, by the dissemination of information, 
 «fec., respecting missions. There are twelve branch associa- 
 tions in London, and thirteen in the country. Weekly meet- 
 ings are held for prayer and reading scripture ; also monthly 
 lectures on missionary topics. Various reading-rooms and 
 libraries are supported for the use of members, furnished with 
 good works in biography, history, travels, etc. 
 
 The funds, after deducting expenses, are paid in equal 
 proportions to the Church Pastoral- Aid Society; the Colo- 
 
401 
 
 INSTITUTIO>'S FOR ||atillllitl (BiUrHtilltt. young men. 
 
 nial Church Society ; the London Society for promoting 
 Christianity among the Jews ; and the Church Missionary 
 Society for Africa and the East ; except where donations 
 or subscriptions are given for either of them in parti- 
 cular. The whole expenses of the institution are under 
 ;£100 per anniun, and about £400 is contributed by it to 
 the purposes above mentioned : of course regulated each 
 year by the amount of income, which depends entirely on 
 the volutary contributions of its members. Young men under 
 thirty-five years of age, subscribing one penny per week or 
 upwards, or collecting to the amount of two pounds per 
 annum or upwards, are members of the society. 
 
 The aggregate increase of members during last year was 
 700, making a total, at present time, of 2,700; and the num- 
 ber of the Branch Associations is twenty-eight. 
 
 President, Sir R. H. Inglis, Bart., M.P. — Treasurer, Henry 
 Kingscote, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Mr. Edwin Hough, 5, 
 Exeter Hall ; and Mr. Charles Reeves, 102, Guildford-street. — 
 Secretary, Mr. R. Lockhart, Handyside. 
 
 YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, 7, 
 Gresham-street, City. Instituted 1844. Somewhat similar 
 in its objects to the last institution, as far as it aims at the 
 moral and intellectual improvement of a class ; but the funds 
 of this are devoted to the extension and further development 
 of its own purposes, whilst in the former instance, they are 
 devoted to the cause of missions. Strictly speaking, this 
 partakes more of the character and benefits of a Christian 
 club, and comprehends the following advantages : — a first- 
 class library and reading-room, with a selection of good 
 standard works ; meetings for Biblical instruction, and mu- 
 tual improvement ; evening classes under the superintendence 
 of efficient masters, for the acquirement of the French, He- 
 brew, Greek, German, and other languages, English litera- 
 ture, etc. A room provided with tea, coffee, etc. 
 
 Terms for membership, one guinea annually ; or 10s. 6d. 
 under the age of 18 ; the classes for languages extra. The 
 income averages from £500 to £600 per annum ; but ^150 
 of this is derived from sale of tickets and publications. The 
 expenditure, judging from last year's statement, exceeding 
 this amount by £30. 
 
 The entire management of the institution is in the hands 
 of the committee ; and the selection of books, etc., regulated 
 by the examiners. An annual covirse of twelve lectures at 
 
 26 
 
402 
 
 TODNG men's christian ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Exeter-hall, is promoted by the funds of this society, upon 
 intellectual and Christian subjects ; generally in December 
 and January, conducted by clergymen and gentlemen of 
 acknowledged talent and oratory. Admission to these lec- 
 tures is extra, 2s. 6d. the course, and they obtain a crowded 
 audience. 
 
 Chairman, R. C. L. Bevan, Esq. — Treasurer, George Hitchcock, 
 Esq — Secretary, Mr. T. Henry Tar Iton.— Examiners of Books: 
 Hon. and Rev. H. M. Villiers, A.M. ; Rev. John Harris, D.D. ; 
 Rev. J. Farrar ; Rev. T. Hartwell Home, B.D. ; Rev. J. Howard 
 Hinton, A.M. — Rev. James Hamilton, D.D. 
 
403 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 BIBLE AND MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 The Missionary Cause. — Its comparatiTely feebleAgencies. — Total Amount 
 expended through the Metropolitan Societies. — A General Summary 
 of their present Resources and Extent. — Bibln Societies : The British 
 and Foreign. — The Trinitarian. — And Naval and Military. — Mission- 
 ary Societies of General Operations, arranged according to Date of Or- 
 ganization : The Gospel. — The Baptist. — The London. — The Church. 
 — The Wesleyan. — Female Education in the East. — The Scotch 
 Church. — Continental: The Foreijrn Aid. — Colonial: The Negro Con- 
 version. — The Mico Fund. — Newfoundland. — The Ladies' Negro So- 
 ciety. — Colonial Church. — Bishoprics' Fund. — The Colonial, with 
 other Funds connected with the Baptist and Congregational Unions. 
 — Mission and School Societies for Ireland and Scotland: London 
 Hibernian, Ladies'.etc. — Sunday .School. — Religious Tract. — Scripture 
 Reader. — Irish Society. — Irish Church Missions. — Royal Highland 
 School. — Scottish Episcopal. — Jewish Missions, S^c. : The London. — 
 The British. — The Operative Convert. — Moral Improvement and Train- 
 ingofJews: The Ladies' Society. — The Industrial Society. — TheSyrian 
 Education, — and German Mission. 
 
 According to the arrangement of the last chapter, we have 
 now to consider all those institutions whose operations extend 
 more especially or exclusively to foreign lands, our colonial 
 dependencies, and united kingdoms. When the magnitude 
 and value of the cause advocated is considered, and the vi- 
 tality depending upon the promulgation and right reception 
 of the great truths embodied therein, we instinctively look 
 with dismay upon the feebleness of the attempt, and the 
 means devoted to its accomplishment: for, however impos- 
 ing and gratifying the present machinery of missionary 
 effort may appear, as, one by one, each compartment is per- 
 
404 
 
 GENERAL 5Billlt flllil REMARKS. 
 
 sented to view, and even as a whole, when viewed abstract- 
 edly, — yet, taken in connexion with what is professedly 
 aimed at — with what the whole is designed to effect — the 
 merely intelligent will exclaim : Any extent of good is im- 
 possible. — But the Christian is constrained to add, " with 
 God all things are possible", and to derive comfort and en- 
 couragement from the very peculiarity attending the feeble- 
 ness of the means : for he knows that it is by little and 
 little the Almighty has declared that He works ; and that, 
 as certain as His word, ^Hhou mayest not do it at once'''' has 
 its wisdom, so certain will be the final accomplishment, that 
 the " earth shall be filled with the knowledge of the Lord as 
 the waters cover the sea." And it is this conviction that 
 makes him deem it a privilege to be instrumental, in ever so 
 slight a degree, in bringing to pass that which needs not his 
 assistance, except as an evidence of his obedience to Divine 
 command, and as an earnest of his own faith and love. 
 
 It is, then, more on account of the evidence the support 
 of the cause affords, than for any impediment to the accom- 
 plishment of the great purpose its contrary can effect, that, 
 both as a nation and individuals, we have to regret more has 
 not been attempted during the past, and that the operations 
 of the present do not excite more general interest, more 
 devoted zeal, and more liberal support. It has been well 
 said, and often quoted by the Christian advocate, that " it is 
 England's privilege to teach other nations the way of life"; 
 but this was never recognized until the eighteenth century ; 
 and even now, our search over the records of the one hundred 
 and fifty years of the history of missions, discovers to us that 
 the whole amounts devoted to the purpose of propagating 
 in heathen lands the knowledge of the Gospel of Christ may 
 be thus summed up : — 
 
 Total amount of the incomes of three Bihle Societies, £ 
 
 from 1780 to 1850 .... 3,670,000 
 9 Missionary Societies, 1701 to 1850 . . 10,876,344 
 8 Colonial ditto, 1795 to 1850 (exclusive of the opera- 
 tions comprehended in the preceding Societies) . 395,000 
 11 Irish and Scotch ditto, 1806 to 1850 . . 296,380 
 2 Jews ditto, 1808 to 1850 .... 640,147 
 
 Total ..... 15,877,871 
 Present annual aggregate income (1849-50) i£561,552 
 
 It comes not within our present purpose to do more than 
 
405 
 
 THE B. <fc F. BIBLE 3^130111^1111); ^^IimfeS. SOCIETY, A.D. 1804 
 
 record this summary : it may be depended upon, so far as 
 honest investigation can arrive at the truth ; and we trust it 
 may be found useful in preventing anything like exultation 
 for the past ; serve, at the same time, to add a stimulant to 
 renewed exertions for the future ; and prove a reason for con- 
 firmed trust that He, who has declared " not by might nor 
 by power, but by my Spirit", will abundantly bless every 
 effort made to extend His kingdom ; making it subservient 
 to His own glory, and the sanctification of those who engage 
 in it in His name. 
 
 The following statement affords a concise summary of the 
 number and present resources of our missionary societies, as 
 detailed in this chapter : — 
 
 3 Bible societies, with an aggregate income of — 
 from contributions . . ^54,900 
 
 from sales . . . J44,203 
 
 from funds, &c. . . J840 
 
 Total £99,943 
 
 8 general mission societies to foreign parts ; 
 with a present aggregate income of — 
 from voluntary sources . ,£376,531 
 
 from dividends, rents, <fec. . ^£1 5,486 
 
 Total £392,017 
 
 8 societies for promoting Christianity in the 
 colonies ; with an aggregate income of — 
 from voluntary contributions . £15,810 
 dividends, &c. . . £6,129 
 
 Total .... £21,939 
 
 11 for promoting Christianity in Ireland and 
 Scotland. 
 
 with an aggregate income of . . £13,263 
 
 arising from voluntary contributions, ex- 
 cept about £400, sale of publications. 
 2 for promoting Christianity amongst the Jews. 
 
 with an aggregate income of . . £34,390 
 
 Besides these, will be found in this chapter, 2 
 for improvement of Jews ; 1 for Germans ; 
 1 for Syrians. 
 
 BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY, 10, 
 Earl-street, Blackfriars. Exclusively for the promotion of 
 the circulation of the Holy Scriptures, without note or com- 
 ment, both at home and abroad (the authorized version only, 
 
406 _^_ 
 
 BRITISH & FOREIGN, -JBiIiIB ^IinftKS. A.D. 1804 
 
 excluding the Apocrypha). Established 1804, nearly 25 
 years after the Naval and Military Society ; but we cannot 
 so far recognize the arrangement of dates, as to place it any- 
 where but first : it appears to claim this position, as the 
 most catholic in its operations and supporters of any reli- 
 gious society. On the twelfth of March, in 1804, wheii the 
 committee met to complete their final organization, the 
 appointment of secretary met with much opposition, on the 
 ground of impolicy in constituting, as was proposed, a Dis- 
 senting minister (Rev. Joseph Clarke), the manager of an 
 institution which proposed to unite the whole body of Chris- 
 tians. " This led at last to an arrangement, the principle of 
 which was at once so judicious and liberal, that it has con- 
 stituted one of the chief pillars of the society's stability and 
 success. Three secretaries were appointed, — a clergyman, 
 a Dissenting minister, and a foreign secretary, in order that 
 the foreign churches might be represented. And thus, the 
 progress of an hour carried the committee on from the hasty 
 suggestions of a shortsighted attachment, to the wise deter- 
 mination of a liberal policy."^ At the same time, it would 
 appear, the future proportion of Churchmen, Dissenters, and 
 Foreigners in the body of directors was laid down, as ob- 
 served to the present time ; the business of the society being 
 conducted by a committee, consisting of thirty-six laymen, 
 six of whom are foreigners residing in London, fifteen mem- 
 bers of the Church of England, and fifteen of other denomi- 
 nations of Christians. Every clergyman and Dissenting 
 minister, who is a member of the society, is entitled to attend 
 and vote at all meetings of the committee. The funds of 
 the society are supported by voluntary contributions, ex- 
 ceeding £50,000 per annum ; amount of sales, from £40,000 
 to £45,000 ; and dividends, under £1,000. The income 
 last year amounted to £91,634. 
 
 The centre of this institution is in London ; and its aux- 
 iliary societies, branch societies and associations, extend 
 throughout the British dominions in every quarter of the 
 globe, amounting, in Great Britain, auxiliaries, to 416 ; 
 branches, 344 ; associations, 2,457 ; total, 3,217. Of these 
 associations, the far greater part of them are conducted by 
 ladies. In the colonies and other dependencies, auxiliaries, 
 68 ; branches, 267 ; associations, 190 ; total, 525. Extensive 
 
 * Owen's Histoiy of the Bible Society. 
 
407 
 
 THE TRINITARIAN, %Mt §inthim. A.D. 1831 
 
 correspondence has been opened with the clergy and laity 
 of different nations ; and powerful coadjutors are actively 
 employed in circulating copies of the sacred Scriptures 
 among men " of every nation under heaven."^ During the 
 forty-five years that the society has existed, it has circulated 
 more than twenty-three millions of copies of the Scriptures, 
 and promoted, directly or indirectly, the distribution, print- 
 ing, or translation of the sacred volume into one hundred 
 and forty different languages or dialects, and expended 
 nearly three millions and a half sterling. 
 
 One guinea annual, or ten guineas donation, constitutes a 
 member ; five guineas annual, or ^50 at one time, constitutes 
 a governor, entitled to attend and vote at all meetings of the 
 committee. At the last annual meeting, it was announced 
 that Prince Albert had become a life; governor. Members 
 are entitled to purchase Bibles and Testaments at reduced 
 prices, to five times the amount of their annual subscription. 
 Auxiliary societies are allowed to purchase Bibles and Tes- 
 taments at prime cost ; their members having the same 
 privileges at the local depositories as the members of the 
 parent society enjoy in London. 
 
 All letters on the business of the society, to be addressed 
 to the oflScers respectively, at the society's house, 10, Earl- 
 street, Blackfriars, London. 
 
 President, Lord Bexley.— Treasurer, John Thornton, Esq. — 
 Secretaries : Rev. Andrew Brandram, A.M., Rector of Beckenham, 
 Kent ; Rev. George Browne, Clapham. — Superintendent of the 
 Editorial Department, Rev. Thomas Meller, A.M., Rector of Wood- 
 bridge. — Hon. Solicitors, Messrs. Marten, Thomas, and Hollams, 
 Mincing-lane, London. — Accountant and Assistant Secretary, 
 Mr. William Hitchin. — Assistant Foreign Secretary, Mr. Henry 
 Knoleke. — Depository, Mr. Richard Cockle. — Collector, Mr. 
 William Davies. 
 
 THE TRINITARIAN BIBLE SOCIETY, 151, Strand. 
 Instituted 1831. This institution in its object is identical 
 with the preceding society, of which, indeed, it is an off- 
 shoot. It is composed of members of all Protestant denomi- 
 
 1 There is a diificulty in ascertaining correctly the grand total, in- 
 cluding those issued from the Continental and American Societies, com- 
 plete reports not being given in some few instances ; but, from the list 
 before us, we may safely put down the number as forty millions of copies 
 of the entire Bible, or New Testament, or integral portions thereof, in 
 different languages, to the end of July 1849. 
 
408 
 
 NAVAL (fe MILITARY, %Mt ^^UUHn. A.B. 1780 
 
 nations, holding the doctrine of the Holy Trinity ; whilst 
 the other stipulates for no test for membership, but the de- 
 sire manifested to circulate the Scriptures : this requires so 
 much, at least, of uniformity of faith in essentials, as is im- 
 plied by the recognition of the Divinity of the Father, of the 
 Son, and of the Holy Ghost. 
 
 The Bible adopted is the authorized edition, without note, 
 comment, or Apocrypha ; the number of copies annually cir- 
 culated averages 5,000 Bibles, 3,000 Testaments, besides 
 " portions." Also translations in the Spanish, Portuguese, 
 and Italian languages : of these, the circulation appears to 
 vary ; in 1847-8 being 2,102, in 1848-9 only 270. The cir- 
 culation of portions of Scripture in Ireland, consisting of 
 Matthew, Acts, Romans, and John, has, the last two years, 
 been extensively promoted, to the number of 55,000 copies. 
 The mode employed for circulation is by agents, disposing 
 of them, either by gift or for weekly reduced payments, to 
 such poor in their districts as require them. 
 
 The subscription constituting membership is one guinea 
 annual, or ten guineas donation. The funds are supported 
 by voluntary contributions, to an extent of £1,100 per aiv' 
 num ; and the amount of payments for Bibles, from £400 
 to £500. The committee meet once in every month, and 
 oftener, as business may require. Attendance is given at 
 the depository from ten to five o'clock. The weekly sub- 
 committee meet every Friday evening at half-past five, ex- 
 cept the Friday succeeding the meeting of the general com- 
 mittee, which takes place monthly. 
 
 Treasurer, John Labouchere, Esq. — Hon. Clerical Secretary, 
 Rev. G. Washington Phillips. — Hon. Lay Secretary, J. J. Cum- 
 mins, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. William Henry Johnson. — Collector, 
 Mr. R. G. Burrows, 34, Exmouth-street. 
 
 ]:^AVAL AND MILITARY BIBLE SOCIETY, 32, 
 Sackville-street. Instituted 1780. For promoting a wide 
 circulation of the Holy Scriptures, without note or comment, 
 to sailors and soldiers. The annual average number of Bibles 
 and Testaments circulated by the society is about 20,000 ; 
 and a total of 517,691 since the establishment of the soci- 
 ety. The following analysis of last year's distribution shows 
 at one view the value of the society's operations, and affords 
 a true conception of the large classes to be benefited thereby. 
 
 To Her Majesty's ships and vessels, Haslar Hospital, &c., 
 781 Bibles, 675 Testaments ; soldiers, barracks, guard rooms, 
 
409 
 
 PROPAGATION OP IHissinnHtij |>nrrttip3. the gospel, i7oi 
 
 hospitals, military schools, &c., 1 ,485 bibles, 56 test. ; troops, 
 Hon. East India Company, 500 bibles ; royal marines, bar- 
 racks, (fee, 291 bibles, 60 test. ; pensioners, 79 bibles, 19 test ; 
 boatmen, bargemen, fishermen, etc. on canals and rivers, 
 1,747 bibles, l,206test. ; merchant seamen, fishermen, schools, 
 (fee, in grants, and by sale at reduced prices, 9,657 bibles, 
 6,619 testaments. 
 
 A subscription of one guinea per annum or donation of ten 
 guineas, constitutes a member ; a subscription of five guineas 
 per annum, or donation of £50, a governor. All governors 
 are entitled to attend and vote at the meetings of the com- 
 mittee. The annual income does not exceed ,£2,000 per an- 
 num from contributions, and about .£500 from payments for 
 Bibles, <fec. 
 
 President, the Marquis of Cholmondeley. — Treasurer, Mr. T. P. 
 Piatt. — Sub-Treasurer, Mr. James Nisbet. — Honorary Secretary, 
 Major P. S. Sotheby. — Travelling Agent, Lieut. G. V. Simmonds, 
 R.N. — Assist. Secretary, Lieut. W. Skinner. — Distributing Agent, 
 Mr. John Jeffery. — Collector, Mr. Thomas Pitts. 
 
 SOCIETY FOR THE PROPAGATION OF THE 
 GOSPEL in Foreign Parts. 79, Pall-Mali. Incorporated 
 1701.1 Por tiie « receiving, managing, and disposing of such 
 funds as may be contributed for the religious instruction of 
 her Majesty's subjects beyond the seas ; for the maintenance 
 of clergymen in the plantations, colonies, and factories of 
 Great Britain ; and for the propagation of the Gospel in those 
 parts." The corporation consists of the Bishops of the United 
 Church of England and Ireland, the members appointed 
 by charter, and of three hundred other members. Every 
 incorporated member contributes not less than 2 guineas 
 annually, or not less than 20 guineas in one sum. AH sub- 
 scribers of one guinea annually, or 10 guineas in one sum, 
 and clergymen subscribing half-a-guinea annually, are asso- 
 ciated members, and from them the incorporated members 
 are chosen, by ballot. 
 
 The total number of missionaries maintained, in whole or 
 
 ^ Amongst its founders and earliest supporters were Archbishops Teni- 
 son, Sharp, Wake, Potter; Bishops Compton, Patrick, Burnet, Beveridge; 
 Dean Prideaux, Robert Nelson, William Melmoth, John Evelyn, etc. 
 The Rev. John Wesley was originally a missionary of this society, and 
 in that character proceeded to America in 1735, returning to England, 
 1738. 
 
410 
 
 THE BAPTIST, Bigglniiarq |nmfe. a.d. 1792 
 
 in part, by the society, is 355 ; besides 46 in Canada, sup- 
 ported by the interest of the Clergy reserve fund ; and 17 
 in Nova Scotia, by a parliamentary grant, limited to the 
 lives of the present missionaries ; total 413. These are chiefly 
 engaged in the Canadas, Newfoundland, India, Australia, 
 New Zealand, etc. 
 
 The following summary of the amounts expended last 
 year in different portions of the world, will best illustrate in 
 what proportion. In British N. America, £27,464 ; West 
 Indies, £5,912 ; East Indies, £23,528 ; Australia and New 
 Zealand, £9,991 ; Cape, Mauritius and Seychelles, £3,929. 
 The ordinary annual income of the Society from voluntary 
 sources, (including special funds and legacies), averages 
 £61,000 ; from rents, annuities, and dividends, £8,825 : 
 this amount is aided from time to time by the grant of a 
 " Queen's letter",^ w^hich for this purpose realizes, we believe, 
 now somewhat under £40,000. The present annual amount 
 of expenditure averages £79,000. 
 
 Upper Canada Committee of the Society for the Propagation 
 of the Oospel in Foreign Parts. Established ] 837. Formerly 
 entitled " Upper Canada Clergy Society." Is now compre- 
 hended in, and its missions supported by, the parent society ; 
 the Rev. Septimus Ramsay, for some years the secretary in 
 London of this committee, is now engaged in Upper Canada 
 as one of the society's missionaries. AU sums destined for 
 the Upper Canada committee, may be therefore correctly 
 appropriated to the society. 
 
 Treasiu"ers : Rev. John Russell, D.D.; Charles John Manning, 
 Esq. — Consulting Physician, R. B. Todd, Esq. — Secretary, Rev. 
 Ernest Hawkins, B.D. — Assistant Secretaries : Rev. Henry John 
 Vernon, B. A. ; Rev. H. Hyndman Jones, M. A.— -Treasurer's Clerk, 
 Mr. Edmund Reynolds Fayerman. 
 
 THE BAPTIST MISSION SOCIETY, formed in 1792. 
 Is entitled to be next mentioned, as being the first that 
 sprang up in London after an interval of nearly a century 
 from the establishment of the last-named venerable institu- 
 tion. The present number of stations maintained by it are 
 232, of which 79 are represented as being in the Island 
 of Jamaica.2 The number of European missionaries main- 
 
 ^ Once every third year. Vide note, page 367. 
 
 ^ By the report of the Baptist Mission, it appears that the stated num- 
 ber of their members in the island of Jamaica comprehends one ninth of 
 the whole population. ' 
 
411 
 
 THE Loyppy %i55innari| Inrirtrrs. a.d.i795 
 
 tained by it was 48, and the number of native teachers 120, 
 and gratuitous agents 180. The income varies from £18,000 
 to £26,000 per annum ; last year (1849) .£19,736, wholly 
 dependant on voluntary contributions. The funds are now 
 represented to be in debt about £6,000. 
 
 The management of this society is connected with the Bap- 
 tist Union hereafter referred to, and all communications are 
 to be addressed to the house, 33, Moorgate-street. 
 
 Treasurers : W. B. Gumey, Esq. ; S. M. Peto, Esq. — Secretary, 
 Rev. Joseph Angus, A.M. 
 
 THE MISSIONARY SOCIETY, umaUy called THE 
 LONDON Missionary Society. Mission-house, 8, Bloomfield- 
 street, Finsbury, was established 1795. Upon the fundamental 
 principle, " not to send any form of Church order and govern- 
 ment, (about which there may be difference of opinion among 
 serious persons), but left to persons to assume for themselves 
 such form of Church government as to them shall appear most 
 agreeable to the Word of God." The number of European mis- 
 sionaries maintained by the society isl71 ; and native agents 
 about 700. The annual expenditure for the purposes of the 
 society, is between £60,000 and £70,000 ; the income de- 
 pending on voluntary contributions, except about £700 
 derived from dividends. 
 
 One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes 
 a member ; also, a collection of £5 by a minister or other 
 representative of a congregation. The committee meet the 
 second and fourth monday in every month. 
 
 The Boys' and Girls' Mission Schools, established 1838 
 and 1842, at Walthamstow, are conducted for the children 
 of missionaries. The former now under the care of Dr. Bell 
 of Stockwell-green. The terms to the parents are in each 
 case £\5 per annum, for maintenance. Number of boys, 17; 
 girls, 31. Annual income of the former establishment £380, 
 the latter, .£1765. 
 
 Tnistees : William Alers Haukey, Esq.; Thomas Challis, Esq., 
 Alderman ; Thomas Merriman Coombs, Esq. — Treasurer, Sir Cul- 
 ling Eardley Eardley, Bart. — Foreign Secretary, Rev. Arthur 
 Tidman.^ — Home Secretary, Rev. Joseph John Freeman. — Collec- 
 tor, Mr. John Sard, 58, Westmoreland-place, City-road. 
 
 CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY for Africa and 
 the East. Salisbury -square. Fleet-street, Established 1800. 
 This society is conducted in conformity with Ecclesiastical 
 
412 
 
 THE CHURCH MSgipgHnj; .^Hrife. A.D. 1800 
 
 principles as they are recognized in the constitution and prac- 
 tice of the Church of England, and the missionaries sent out 
 are all under the superintendence of the Bishop of the diocese 
 to which they may be sent.i It was established shortly after 
 the " London Missionary Society", in order to afford an in- 
 creased missionary spirit, and to develope energies hitherto 
 lying dormant in the Church of England. The Society for 
 the Propagation of the Gospel did not, it was considered at the 
 time, sufficiently partake of and impart a national impetus to 
 missions ; and the large field open for exertion, and the subse- 
 quent success attending the operations of this society during 
 the last fifty years, fully justify the proceedings and anticipa- 
 tions of its early founders.^ The former society devoted its mis- 
 sions more exclusively to the British possessions ; this sought 
 the whole unoccupied sphere of the heathen in Africa and the 
 East, and proposed the employment of catechists where suffi- 
 cient clergy could not be obtained. The following is a brief 
 summary of the missions now supported by the society : — 
 Missionary stations, 104; European clergymen, 134; native 
 and East- Indian clergymen, 13; European lay teachers, 27; 
 native and East-Indian lay teachers, 1321 ; communicants, 
 13,551. 
 
 The Institution atlsUngtonis a recent but important branch 
 of the society's machinery ; here the students are trained 
 for future missionaries. The number resident at one time 
 generally averages 24 ; during the year perhaps 1 2 or more 
 enter on probation, and about that number leave for their 
 stations abroad. The annual cost to the society is about 
 £3,000. 
 
 ^ The following passage from the thirty-ninth annual report illustrates 
 the practice of the Society in reference to this rule : " The Bishops of the 
 Church, under the authority of the law of the land, ordain, and send 
 forth (ecclesiastically speaking) our missionaries ; these missionaries are 
 licensed and superintended ahroad, in every case where it is practicahle, 
 by colonial Bishops of the Church of England, — as are the other clergy- 
 men of the Church officiating in the same colony. Tlie services which 
 the missionaries perform are in strict conformity with the ritual and dis- 
 cipline of the Church." 
 
 ^ Amongst these may be mentioned the revered names of M''ilberforce, 
 Scott, Cecil, Newton, Venn, and Pratt. It was chiefly matured at the 
 meetings of a religious association, termed the " Eclectic Society," assem- 
 bling then, and at this present time, at the vestry of St. John's chapel, 
 Bedford-row. 
 
413 
 
 THE CHURCH, Blt55mnan{ Inmfe. a.d. isoo 
 
 The annual cost of the society's operations averages 
 £100,000; or somewhat under £1,000 for every station, and 
 its concomitant benefits of schools, teachers, catechists, etc., 
 including therein all contingent expenses, home and foreign, 
 and funds for both training students, relieving and pension- 
 ing disabled or superannuated missionaries, etc., foreign 
 voyages, outfits, etc. The annual income, from all sources, 
 varies from £98,000 to £110,000; for the year ending March 
 18oO,.£l04,270; and the previous year, including the amount 
 raised for the "Jubilee", £155,000: the funded property 
 reserved, mostly for special purposes and funds, amounts to 
 J110,270. 
 
 Annual subscribers of 1 guinea and upwards, and, if cler- 
 gymen, half-a-guinea, with collectors of 52s. and upwards 
 per annum, are members of the society. Benefactors of 10 
 guineas and upwards, clergymen making congregational 
 collections to the amount of 20 guineas, and executors pay- 
 ing to the amount of £50, are members for life. Annual 
 subscribers of 5 guineas are governors, and benefactors of 
 £50 and upwards governors for life. Members and governors 
 of associations who contribute the above sums are considered 
 as members and governors of the parent society. 
 
 All bills and orders for money to be made payable to one 
 of the secretaries. The office of the society is open daily 
 (Sundays excepted), from nine in the morning tiU six in the 
 evening. One of the secretaries attends daily, between the 
 hours of 1 1 and 4. The committee meet at the society's 
 house, every second Monday in the month, at eleven o'clock. 
 The general annual meeting is held on Tuesday, the 30th of 
 April, or the first Tuesday in May. 
 
 Vice-Patron, Archbishop of Canterbury. — President,, the Earl 
 of Chichester. — Treasurer, John Thornton, Esq. — Principal of the 
 Institution, Rev. Charles Frederick Childe, M.A. — Secretaries : 
 Rev. Henry Venn, B.D.; Rev. John Tucker,vB.D. ; Major Hector 
 Straith. — Acting Secretary, Rev. Joseph Ridgeway, M.A. —Asso- 
 ciation Secretaries : R«v. Thos. Bartlett, M.A., Kingstone, Can- 
 terbury ; Rev. R. G. L. Blenkinsopp, M.A., Shadforth, Durham ; 
 Rev. Henry Carpenter, B.A., Liverpool ; Rev. R. Collins, M.A., 
 Kirkburton, Huddersfield ; Rev. George Hodgson, M.A., York ; 
 Rev. John Johnson, M.A., Congleton, Cheshire ; Rev. George 
 Pinhom, M.A., Brimfield Court, Ludlow ; Rev. Henry Powell, 
 Chalford, Stroud ; Rev. J. Ridgeway, M.A., Church Missionary 
 House ; Rev. Samuel Rowe, Crediton, Devon ; Rev. T. C. B. 
 Stretch, M.A., Pottersbury, Stony Stratford ; Rev. John Thomas, 
 
414 
 
 WESLEYAJf, 1816. BiSSinnari^ ^nriffe. Moravian, 1817 
 
 Pembroke ; Rev. Carr J. Glyn, M.A. (Hon. Sec), Witchampton, 
 near Wimborne ; Rev. C. W. Bingham, M.A. (Hon. Sec), Mel- 
 combe Horsey, near Dorchester ; and George C. Greenway, E.sq., 
 Church Missionary House. — Collector, Mr. John Bumingham, 13, 
 Liverpool-street, King's Cross. 
 
 WESLEY AN METHODIST MISSIONARY Society, 
 Centenary-hall, Bishopsgate-street Within, was established 
 1816.^ To combine on a plan at once systematic and eflBcient, 
 the exertions of the societies and congregations of the Wes- 
 leyan Methodists, in the support and enlargement of the 
 foreign missions first established by the Rev. John Wesley, 
 M.A., and the Rev. Thomas Coke, LL.D., and others ; and 
 which are now from year to year carried on underthe sanction 
 and direction of the Conference " of the people called Me- 
 thodists." 
 
 General summary of all the Wesleyan missions : Central 
 stations, called circuits, 290; chapels and other preaching 
 places, as far as ascertained, 2,302 ; missionaries and assist- 
 ants, 393 ; other paid agents, as catechists, interpreters, day- 
 school teachers, etc., 743 ; unpaid agents, as sabbath-school 
 teachers, etc , 7,298 ; full and accredited members, 100,231; 
 on trial, as far as ascertained, 5,066 ; scholars, deducting for 
 those who attend both the day and Sabbath schools, 74,318; 
 printing establishments, 8. 
 
 The total income from all sources, including ordinary re- 
 ceipts at the mission-houseand district associations,£75,167; 
 foreign auxiliaries, £11,836 ; Colonial grants, .£5,907; le- 
 gacies, £6,065 ; also annuities, dividends, and special funds 
 realizing in the total, £111,685. Persons subscribing an- 
 nually one guinea and upwards, or at one time ten pounds 
 and upwards, are deemed members of the society. 
 
 Treasurers : Thomas Farmer, Esq. ; Rev. John Scott. — Secre- 
 taries : Rev. Dr. Bunting ; Rev. Dr. Beecham ; Rev. Dr. Alder ; 
 Rev. Elijah Hoole.- — Bankers, Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Co. — 
 Treasurer of the Auxiliary Society for the London District, John 
 Josiah Buttress, Esq., 29, Spital-square. 
 
 THE MORA VIAN MISSIONS LONDON ASSOCIA- 
 TION, 28, Charles-street, Parliament-street. Established 
 1817. Known as the London association in aid of the mis- 
 sions of the united brethren, commonly called " Moravians." 
 The Moravian missions among the heathen, designated as "the 
 
 ^ Virtually, however, the missions commenced as early as 1786. 
 
 ^ The Church, uuder its present name, was formed, about sixty years 
 
415 
 
 FEMAIE EDUC. ttsillliani |>Iiriptif5, INEAST,A.D.1834 
 
 societyfor the furtherance of the Gospel amongst the heathen", 
 have attracted much attention, both as models of what such 
 establishments should be, and as presenting details of noble 
 and painstaking perseverance in the cause they advocate ; 
 the chief field of their labour comprises Greenland and Lab- 
 rador, the VV'est Indies and Danish Islands, etc. Their exer- 
 tions have been blessed with much success, and at the present 
 time their operations are carried on by 265 missionaries, at 
 60 stations. The " London Association" in aid of these 
 missions, is composed of those not in Church fellowship with 
 the Brethren, and has existed for upwards of thirty years, 
 contributing towards the cause about £4,000 annually. 
 The income last year amounted to .£5,827 ; but this included 
 ^1,050 for special funds, the whole is derived from voluntary 
 contributions. 
 
 President, John Willing Warren, Esq. — Treasurer, William 
 Leach, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev. John Harding, M.A. ; 
 Rev. James Stratten. — Corresponding Secretary, Mr. Robt. Webb. 
 — Collector, Mr. Robert Watkins, jun. 
 
 SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING FEMALE EDUCA- 
 TION in the East. 32, Cheapside. Established 1834. For 
 the establishment and superintendence of schools in the East. 
 The selection and preparation in this country of pious and 
 well-educated persons to go out as mistresses, and the train- 
 ing of subordinate native teachers, its special care and 
 sympathy being the female population. About X1500 a 
 year is thus devoted through the instrumentality of the so- 
 ciety ; besides the sums realized totally by contributions of 
 ladies work, disposed of last year for as much as ,£702. 
 
 The applications for assistance and extended operations, 
 however, far exceed the means at hand, and the conunittee 
 represent that a large increase of usefulness could soon be 
 effected by them, if their receipts were but increased. 
 
 President, the Duchess of Beaufort. — Treasurer, John Labou- 
 chere, Esq., 20, Birchin-lane. — Sub-Treasurer, Mrs. Bonar. — Hon. 
 
 before the Reformation, out of the wreck of the Bohemian Church which 
 had escaped into Moravia after the martyrdom of John Huss. There, 
 previously to the time of Luther, they employed the newly-invented art 
 of printing in disseminating three editions of the Word of God in the 
 vernacular tongue. The missions were first commenced by the brethren 
 to the West Indies, 1732; Greenland in 1733; North America, 1734 ; 
 South Africa. 1736 ; Labrador, 1770. 
 
416 
 
 VARIOUS LONDON 3Hi55imian| ^Cmtigg. AUXILIAKIES. 
 
 Secretaries: Miss Adam; Miss Bridges. — Assistant-Secretary, 
 Miss Webb, 15, Shaftesbury-crescent, Pimlico, London. 
 
 CHURCH OF SCOTLAND'S MISSIONS. The Lon- 
 don auxiliary of these missions, instituted 1830, contributes 
 an amount of about £2,300 per annum; the operations of the 
 parent society consist in Home, Colonial, Indian, and Chinese 
 missions. The schools supported in Scotland educate about 
 15,000 children, at an expense of between £6,000 and £7,000 
 per annum ; the amount spent in home missions, £3,527 ; 
 and amongst the Jews, .£2,000 : the gross income realizing 
 last year £25,620. 
 
 President, Duke of Argyll. — Hon. Secretaries in London : Rev. 
 John Gumming, D.D. ; Rev. A. P. Black, A.M. 
 
 THE HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Free 
 Church of Scotland, appear to have no organized auxiliary 
 in London, although considerable assistance is afforded by 
 individuals, and a public meeting is occasionally held in 
 London in aid of its funds. The oflSce in Edinburgh is at 38, 
 York-place. Secretary of the board. Rev. John Jaffray. 
 
 FOREIGN-AID SOCIETY. For promoting the objects 
 of the European " Societes evangel iques." 10, Exeter-hall. 
 Established 1841. By collecting funds in aid of the Societes 
 Evangeliques of France and Geneva, and other institutions 
 formed on similar principles, within the limits of the French 
 Protestant churches ; and likewise to promote the religious 
 principles of the Reformation beyond those limits on the 
 continent and islands of Europe. The annual income varies 
 from £2,000 to £3,000, depending entirely on voluntary con- 
 tributions; last year £2,612: and the expenditure £2,251. 
 
 One guinea annual, or ten pounds at one time, constitutes 
 a member. 
 
 President, Marquis Cholmondeley. — Treasurer, Sir W. Far- 
 quhar, Bart.— Hon. Secretary, Rev. Richard Burgess. — Secretary; 
 Major S. Thorpe. — Collector, Mr. R. G. Burrows, 34, Exmouth- 
 street. 
 
 SOCIETY for advancing the CHRISTIAN FAITH in 
 the British West Indian Islands, etc. Bounty-office, Dean's- 
 yard. Incorporated 1795 and 1836.'' Commonly known as 
 
 ^ The original " Continental " and " European" missionary societies have 
 merged into this. 
 
 ^ The original plan was matured in 1793, under the direction of Bishop 
 Porteus, for the " conversion, iustructioo, and education of the negro 
 
417 
 
 CHURCH OF 3Hi55mrq InrittitS. England , a.d. 1823 
 
 " the society for the conversion of negroes", for which pur- 
 pose clergymen were employed to act as assistants to the 
 parochial clergy there. We have been unable to obtain any 
 report of the state of the funds, or plan and extent of opera- 
 tions, but believe the former are derived chiefly from rents of 
 estates, vested in the corporation of London, under decree of 
 the court of Chancery, upon the will of the Honourable 
 Robert Boyle. 
 
 President, Lord Bishop of London. — Treasurer, Christopher 
 Hodgson, Esq.,Dean's-yard, Westminster. — Secretary, Rev. Jona- 
 than Tyers Barrett, D.D., Bounty Office. — Collector, Mr. John 
 Holford, Great Dean's-yard, Westminster. 
 
 THE MICO FUND, for the Education of the Negro and 
 Coloured Population of the West Indies. Arises out of an old 
 bequest, of considerable extent, left by Lady Mico, in trust 
 of the Ironmongers' Company, for the redemption of slaves. 
 In default of objects more in accordance with the founder's 
 purpose, the income derived from this property had for some 
 years merged into the general charity fund of the com- 
 pany ; until, by a Chancery scheme, bearing date 1835, trus- 
 tees were appointed, for the purpose of devoting the funds 
 to the support of schools, chiefly normal, for the education 
 of native teachers ; also juvenile, infant, and Sabbath schools, 
 conducted upon the British system. For some years after 
 the abolition of slavery, a government grant of about .£20,000 
 a-year, was annexed to the funds at the disposal of the trus- 
 tees ; but since the discontinuance of this, they have only 
 the original amount, realizing now about £4,000 annually. 
 The fund, being considered of a private character, has no 
 printed report. Amongst the original trustees were — The 
 Eight Hon. Stephen Lushington, D.C.L., T. G. Hoare, Esq., 
 J. E. D. Bethune, Esq., James Gibson, Esq., Sir T. F, Bux- 
 ton, Bart., (fee. The present Secretary is Robert Stokes, 
 Esq., 20, Buckingham-street, Strand. — (See African Civili- 
 zation Society.) 
 
 CHURCH OF ENGLAND SCHOOL SOCIETY for 
 
 Newfoundland and the Colonies, 14, Chatham-place, Black- 
 slaves in the British West Indies;" the Bishop indulging a hope, "that 
 the same beneficent spirit of the Gospel, which, by degrees, extin- 
 guished pagan slavery, will also gradually, and without injury to any 
 one, relieve mankind from the pressure of this personal and perpetual 
 slavery." 
 
 27 
 
418 
 
 COLONIAL CHURCH, IHtSginMrq InrftfeS. A.D. 1836 
 
 friars. Established 1823, The schools under the superinten- 
 dence of this society are in all cases managed by teachers, 
 who are members of the Established Church, and conducted 
 as nearly as possible on Dr. Bell's system. Thirty schools 
 are supported by the society in various districts of Canada, 
 and thirty-six in Newfoundland : the aggregate number of 
 scholars attending which are between 4,000 and 5,000. 
 
 The funds are represented as very inefficient for the extent 
 of the requisite operations, and two of their most valuable 
 schools have lately been closed in consequence. During the 
 year 1849, the receipts only amounted to about £1,600, de- 
 rived wholly from voluntary resources ; and the cash state- 
 ment presented the necessity of having effected a loan of 
 £200, in order to cover the expenditure. 
 
 One guinea annually, or 5 guineas at one time, constitutes 
 a member. 
 
 President, Right Hon. Lord Bexley. — Treasurer, John Deacon, 
 Esq. — Secretary, Rev. Henry Deck, M.A. — Assistant Secretary 
 and Collector, Mr. George Eagleton. 
 
 LADIES' SOCIETY^ for promoting the early education 
 and improvement of the children of negroes and people of 
 colour in the British West Indies. 12, Charter -house-square. 
 Established 1825. The special and immediate object of its 
 founders was to fit the population for the coming boon of 
 emancipation, by establishing and assisting schools in the 
 West Indies, for the instruction of the children of the black 
 population. Until within the past two years, a gradually 
 decreasing allowance was annually made to the society by 
 government ; this has now ceased, likewise the local island 
 contributions much reduced ; consequently from these two 
 causes, the society's usefulness is greatly contracted by 
 want of funds ; at the present time, however, as many as 
 140 schools are aided by it, to an extent varying from £5 
 to £30 each. The whole amount of income is under £1,000 
 per annum, and depends entirely on voluntary contributions. 
 
 Treasurers : the Hon. Miss Calthorpe, GrosVenor-square ; Mrs. 
 Hoare, Hampstead— Hon. Secretaries : Miss Fuller Maitland, 
 Park-place, Henley ; Mrs. Henry Smith, Morden College, Black- 
 heath. — Secretaries : Mrs. and Miss A. Lloyd, 12, Charterhouse- 
 square.- — Bankers, Sir C. Scott, Bart., and Co., — Collector, Mr. 
 Vaughan, Sloane-square, Chelsea. 
 
 COLONIAL CHURCH SOCIETY, 4, Sergeant's-inn, 
 Fleet-street. Instituted 1836. For sending out clergymen. 
 
419 
 
 COLONIAL BISHOP, l^lissfpngrii; jnmtirs. fund , a.d. i84i 
 
 catechists, and schoolmasters to the colonies of Great Britain, 
 and to British residents in other parts of the world. The 
 society is managed by members of the Church of England. 
 The support afforded to its funds appears very short of 
 what the importance of the cause requires, and the peculiar 
 claims which her Colonies have to missionary assistance on 
 the part of a Christian nation. The annual income is under 
 .£4,000 ; last year only £3805 ; consequently its stations are 
 at present but few, and power of usefulness limited, although 
 embracing the large territories of eleven distinct colonies 
 and one station in France. They have a total of forty- 
 three persons only, engaged in carrying on the work as mis- 
 sionaries, catechists, and schoolmasters and mistresses. 
 
 One guinea and upwards annually, or, if clergymen, half- 
 a-guinea, collectors of £2. 12s. and upwards, and donors of 
 10 guineas and upwards, are members of the society. 
 
 President, the Earl of Gainsborough. — Treasurer, R. C. L. 
 Bevan, Esq. — Clerical Secretary, Rev. W. Chave. — ^Assistant 
 Secretary, Mr. Edwin Hough. 
 
 West London Ladies' Association : President, the Right Hon. 
 the Countess of Gainsborough. — Treasurer, Hon. Jlrs. Arthur 
 Kinnaird. — Secretaries : Lady Louisa Boyle, 69, Cambridge-ter- 
 race ; Mrs. Chave, 9, Porteus-terrace, Paddington. 
 
 North London Ladies' Association : President, Lady Ashley. — 
 Treasurer, Mrs. Wood. — Secretary, Miss Minot, 11, North-cres- 
 cent, Bedford-square. 
 
 COLONIAL BISHOPRICS FUND, otherwise, Council 
 for Colonial Bishoprics. Office, 79, Pall Mall. Was formed 
 at a meeting of the archbishops and bishops at Lambeth 
 Palace, Whit-Tuesday, 1841, when a declaration was drawn 
 up setting forth the great need of the immediate erection of 
 thirteen new bishoprics : of the thirteen provinces then stated, 
 ten have since been formed into dioceses, and one besides, not 
 then contemplated. Of the bishops consequently thus or- 
 dained, the first was Bishop Selwyn, 1841, (New Zealand) ; 
 the last, Bishop Smith, 1849, (Hong Kong). For the endow- 
 ment of the latter, one-half the amount was contributed from 
 one quarter, under the designation of a " brother and sister." 
 It may not be uninteresting to observe the effects of these 
 new bishoprics in extending the number of the clergy in 
 each respectively. 
 
420 
 
 THE BAPTIST IHissiniiiinj; ^nmtits. union, a.d. 1812 
 
 Bishoprics founded. 
 
 No of Clergy 
 when the See 
 was founded. 
 
 No. of Clergy 
 
 hy the last 
 
 reports. 
 
 1841.1 New Zealand 
 
 1842. Tasmania (Van Diemen's Land) 
 
 1842. Gibraltar (Mediterranean) 
 
 1845. Fredericton (New Brunswick) 
 
 1847. Melbourne (Port Philip) 
 
 1847. Adelaide (South and West Australia) 
 
 1847. Newcastle (New South Wales, North) 
 
 1847. Cape Town (Cape of Good Hope) 
 
 1849. Victoria (Hong Kong) 
 
 
 9 
 19 
 30 
 30 
 3 
 4 
 17 
 13 
 10 
 
 135 
 
 25 
 63 
 32 
 45 
 15 
 15 
 27 
 34 
 13 
 
 259 
 
 Since the formation of the fund, upwards of £50,000 has 
 been collected for special application to stated bishoprics, 
 and £70,000 to the general fund ; -which, with dividends, 
 amount in total to above £140,000 ; the present amount of 
 stock invested is upwards of £100,000, to meet the annual 
 payment to the various dioceses. 
 
 President of the Fund, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Honorary 
 Secretary, Rev. Ernest Hawkins. 
 
 THE BAPTIST UNION, 33 Moorgate-street. Esta- 
 blished 1812. For the purpose of promoting unity of feeling 
 and concentration of action amongst the ministers and 
 churches of the Baptist denomination ; obtain accurate sta- 
 tistical information relative to their societies, institutions, 
 colleges, &c., throughout the world ; and address to the 
 united congregations an annual publication, termed " The 
 Baptist ManuaV, reporting the proceedings of the Union, 
 and the state of the denomination . The number of Baptist 
 chapels in the United Kingdom is reported as 1,911. The 
 minister of every chapel connected with the Union is an ex 
 officio member, besides two others appointed on its behalf. 
 
 Treasurer, George Low, Esq., 39, Finsbury-circus. — Secretaries : 
 Rev. Edward Steane, Camberwell ; Rev. John Howard Hinton, 
 M.A., 59, Bartholomew-close. 
 
 1 The dioceses of Toronto (Upper Canada) and Newfoundland were 
 founded in the year 1839, — two years before the creation of the " Colonial 
 Bishoprics Fund"; and in both these dioceses a similar result in the in- 
 crease of the number of the clergy has followed. Thus there were, — in 
 1839, in Toronto, 71 ; Newfoundland, 10 : in 1850, Toronto, 138; New- 
 foundland, 42. 
 
421 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL 3Si5Hiniian]; ilimtlBS. union, A.D. 1830 
 
 The following are the principal London institutions con- 
 nected with the Baptist denomination, with their respective 
 incomes : — 
 
 Baptist Mission. Formed 1792. Income £19,736. Trea- 
 surers, W. B. Gumey, Esq., S. M. Peto, Esq. — Secretary, 
 Rev. Joseph Angus. Vide page 410. 
 
 Baptist Home Mission. Formed 1797. Income ^4621, Se- 
 cretary, Rev. S. J. Davis. 
 
 Baptist Irish Society. Formed 1814. Income £2546. Secre- 
 tary, Rev. F. Trestrail. 
 
 General Baptist Mission. Formed 1816. Income £2689. 
 Secretary, Rev. J. G. Pike. 
 
 Bible Translation Soc. Formed 1840. Income £1774. 
 
 Particular Baptist Fund. Formed 1717. For education 
 of ministers, assistance of poor churches, &c. Income 
 £2,604. Secretary, Mr. Bailey. 
 
 Bath Society. Formed 1816. For support of superannu- 
 ated ministers. Income £352. 
 
 Baptist Building Fund. Formed 1824. For erection of 
 chapels. Income £528. Secretary, Mr. John Eastley. 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL UNION, 4, Bloomfi eld-street. 
 Established 1830. Chiefly for promoting efficiency and uni- 
 formity of operations amongst the Congregational denomi- 
 nation, by the publication of appropriate tracts and books , 
 meetings of the representatives ; efforts to promote missions ; 
 &c. Meetings of the committee are held on the first Tues- 
 day in every month, at twelve. The annual expenses are 
 about £350, derived from the contributions of its members. 
 
 The Congregational Year Book is an authorized organ of 
 the Union, and affords full information on all points con- 
 nected with it and its societies. 
 
 The Congregational Fund Board should have obtained 
 insertion in chapter xiii, being chiefly for the purpose of 
 assisting ministers. It was formed so long back as 1695, 
 and is an association of nine churches in the metropolis, 
 usually making a collection in aid of the fund. 
 
 Treasurer, Benjamin Hanbury, Esq. — Secretaries : Rev. Alger- 
 non Wells, and Rev. W. Stem Palmer. 
 
 Connected with the Union are the following societies, 
 amongst which its funds are divided, all comprehended 
 under the designation of 
 
422 
 
 IBI3H Hissiflnarij: .^nrirtiM. education 
 
 The British Missions. Established 1847. Are conducted by 
 one board of directors ; but each continuing its original in- 
 dependence, and having their own officers. 
 
 I. Home Missionary Society. Established 1819 ; with the 
 design of " the evangelization of the unenlightened inhabi- 
 tants of the towns and villages of Great Britain, by the 
 preaching of the Gospel, the distribution of religious tracts, 
 and the establishment of prayer meetings and Sunday 
 schools, with every other scriptural method for the accom- 
 plishment of this important object." The society, in fur- 
 therance of its object, cooperates with county associations, 
 and extends assistance to country ministers, whose labours 
 are impeded by want of pecuniary resources. Income £6,445. 
 
 This institution, but for its connexion with the others, 
 would have appeared with those of kindred objects in the 
 last chapter. 
 
 Treasurer, Thomas Thompson, Esq. — Secretary, Rev. J. W. 
 Massie, D.D. — Collector, Mr. Pitts, 8, Melina- place. 
 
 II. The Irish Evangelical Society. Established 1814. To 
 promote the preaching of the Gospel in Ireland, by assisting 
 pastors of congregational churches, by supporting mission- 
 aries, itinerant preachers, and Scripture-readers of the same 
 denomination : and to aid in the education of approved can- 
 didates for that ministry, intending to labour in the country. 
 Income, £3,701. 
 
 Treasurer, Thomas Merriman Coombs, Esq. — Secretary, Rev. 
 Thomas James. 
 
 III. Colonial Missionary Society. Instituted 1836. To 
 promote evangelical religion among British or other Euro- 
 pean settlers, and their descendants, in the colonies of Great 
 Britain, in accordance with the doctrine and discipline of 
 Independent or Congregational churches. Income, £2,950. 
 
 Treasurer, J. R. MiUs, Esq. — Secretary, Rev. Algernon Wells. 
 
 LONDON HIBERNIAN SOCIETY, in aid of the 
 
 Church Education Society for Ireland, 29, Southampton- 
 street, Strand. Instituted 1806. The operations of this so- 
 ciety are merely those of an association confined to raising 
 funds to be employed by the committee in Dublin, for the 
 support of the old Hibernian schools, and the purpose of 
 scriptural education generally. The objects of the parent 
 society are " to assist schools at present existing in the 
 country, and to establish new schools on an improved system, 
 
423 
 
 SOCIETIES, 3?Ii.55innari{ Inrittie. a.d. 18O6-22 
 
 for the purpose of aiFording to the children of the Church, 
 instruction in the Holy Scriptures, and in the catechism and 
 other formularies of the Church, under the direction of the 
 bishops and parochial clergy, and under the tuition of 
 teachers who are members of the United Church of England 
 and Ireland." 
 
 The sum raised in England averages about ^3,000 annu- 
 ally for this purpose ; and the total amount received in 
 Dublin by the parent society, embracing all sources, is an- 
 nually about £37,500, which is expended in maintaining 
 the following operations : and when it is considered that 
 the whole of the education imparted is based upon Scripture, 
 there is great reason to urge for continued and increasing 
 support of the society's operations. 
 
 The total number of schools in connexion is now 1,870, 
 and scholars on the rolls, 120,202 ; showing an increase of 
 two schools and 3,234 scholars, as compared with 1847, and 
 giving an average attendance of 73,372. The schools are open 
 to all, and are attended by Roman Catholics, and Protestant 
 Dissenters. The lists made up shew the following numbers : 
 children of the Established Church amounted to 58,533 ; 
 children of Protestant Dissenters, to 15,562; and children of 
 Roman Catholics, to 37,857 ; total, 111, 952. — And that the 
 increase of numbers during the past year, has occurred in 
 the following proportions : — children of the Established 
 Church, 489 ; children of Protestant Dissenters, 1,016 ; of 
 Roman Catholics, 1,729 ; total, 3,234. 
 
 One guinea annual, or 10s. 6d. from a clergyman, or ten 
 guineas donation, constitutes a member of the London society. 
 
 President, Marquis of Cholmondeley. — Treasurer, John Dea- 
 con, Esq., 20, Birchin-lane. — Honorary Solicitor, G. F. Abraham, 
 Esq., 6, Great Marlborough-street. — Secretary, Rev. H. Hughes, 
 M.A. — Assistant Secretary and Accountant, Mr. James Brown. 
 — Collector, Mr. R. G. Burrows, 34, Exmouth-street, Spa-fields. 
 
 LADIES' HIBERNIAN FEMALE SCHOOL SOCI- 
 ETY. London association, 15, Shaftesbury-crescent. Insti- 
 tuted 1822. For providing the female population of Ireland 
 with religious instruction, by means of girls' schools ; the 
 present number of which is 197, containing 12,738 scholars. 
 
 The usual annual income is about ^2,000, derived from 
 voluntary contributions. 
 
 A special fund, raised during the time of the scarcity, was 
 the means of support to 11,000 children. 
 
424 
 
 IRISH 3Ii55innari]: ^grtptiBS. educatiox 
 
 President, Duchess of Beaufort. — Treasurer, Hon. Miss Walde- 
 grave. — Collector, Mr. Ashley, 9, Exeter-street, Sloane-street. — 
 Secretary and Sub-Treasurer, Mrs. R. Webb, 15, Shaftesbury- 
 crescent, Pimlico ; to whom all letters should be addressed. — 
 Assistant Secretary, Miss A. E. Webb. — Secretary in Dublin, C. 
 French, Esq., 2, Foster-place. 
 
 SUNDAY SCHOOL SOCIETY FOR IRELAND. 
 
 OflSce, 32, Sackville-street. Established 1 809. To promote 
 the establishment and facilitate the conducting of Sunday 
 schools in Ireland, by disseminating the most approved plans 
 for the management of such schools, and supplying them 
 with spelling books, and copies of the Sacred Scriptures, 
 or extracts, without note or comment, either gratuitously or 
 at reduced prices. The present number of Sunday schools 
 in connexion with the society is 2,936,^ containing 224,171 
 scholars, nearly one-half of whom derive no other instruction, 
 on account of their poverty, or other causes. The number 
 of gratuitous teachers, 20,000. The number of bibles, por- 
 tions of scripture, and other books, issued since 1809, has been 
 2,297,564. One guinea annually constitutes a member. 
 
 President, Earl of Roden. — Treasurers, Messrs. La Touche 
 and Co., Dublin. — Honorary Secretary, James Irvine, Esq. — 
 Travelling Agent, Mr. George O'Neille. — Agent in London, Mr. 
 John Johnston, 32, Sackville-street, Piccadilly. 
 
 TEE RELIGIOUS TRACT and BOOK SOCIETY 
 
 for Ireland, 32, Sackville-street. Established 1814. The 
 object of this society is to compose, compile, and review 
 religious tracts and books, to purchase copyrights, and to 
 promote generally throughout Ireland the circulation of 
 such as are approved. The works published by the society 
 are mostly directed against the errors of Romanism, and are 
 written for the special adaptation of the Irish people. The 
 total number stated to be issued since the society's commence- 
 ment is, tracts 8,000,000, and books nearly 3,000,000. A 
 considerable number of lending libraries are also maintained. 
 The society's funds are supported, half by contributions, and 
 half by payments for publications, amounting last year, in 
 total, to only £777. 
 
 One pound annually, or £10 at one time, from members 
 
 ^ This Society, at its first formation, was entitled " The Hibernian 
 Sunday School Society." The progress of the Sunday school system in 
 Ireland may be inferred from the fact, that, at its establishment in 1809 
 only about eighty were known to exist throughout the country. 
 
425 
 
 SOCIETIES, %i55icnan^ ^nmtig0. a.d. 1814-46 
 
 of the Established Church, constitute members of the society, 
 or half that amount from a clergyman. 
 
 President, Viscount Lorton. — Treasurers : Messrs. La Touche 
 and Co., Dublin; Messrs. Puget, Bainbridges, and Co., London. 
 — Honorary Secretary, P. J. Majoribanks, Esq. — Collector in 
 London, Mr. R. G. Burrows. — Agent in London, Mr. Orton. 
 
 SCRIPTURE READERS SOCIETY for IRELAND, 
 
 32, Sackville-street. Instituted 1822. For affording assist- 
 ance to the parochial clergy in Ireland, in instructing Roman 
 Catholics and others. This society at present employs 
 eighty-three readers, stationed in the several provinces and 
 counties of Ireland, who make themselves useful in reading 
 the Scriptures amongst the poor from house to house ; and 
 being of the same grade, they are willingly admitted where 
 Protestant clergymen cannot gain access. 
 
 Honorary Secretary, Baron Lefroy. — Assistant Secretary, Mr. 
 Falconer Miles, 27, Lower Pembroke-street. 
 
 IRISH SOCIETY OF LONDON, 32, Sackville-street. 
 Instituted 1822. For promoting the education and religious 
 instruction of the native Irish, through the medium of their 
 vernacular language, as well as affording them an accurate 
 knowledge of the English : and for this end, are distributed 
 among them, the Irish version of the Scriptures, by Arch- 
 bishop Daniell and Bishop Bedell, the Irish Prayer-book, 
 where acceptable, and such other works as may be necessary 
 for school books. 
 
 The funds are supported to an amount of between £7,000 
 and £8,000 annually, derived from voluntary contributions ; 
 and the present operations of the society embrace eight mis- 
 sionary stations, in charge of five Irish- speaking clergymen, 
 two itineratingmissionaries,and two candidates for ordination. 
 One hundred and eight Irish readers, and eight hundred and 
 twenty-three teachers, under the care of fifty gratuitous su- 
 perintendents, are employed in instructing 33,000 pupils, 
 old and young, who are examined every fourth month, by 
 thirty-three inspectors, each in his own district. 
 
 Two guineas annually, or twenty guineas or upwards at 
 one payment, constitutes a governor, entitled to attend and 
 vote on committees, if a member of the Established Church 
 of England and Ireland. One guinea annually, or ten gui- 
 neas at one time, constitutes a member for life. 
 
 President, Marquis of Blandford. — Treasurer, Captain the Hon. 
 Francis Maude, R.N. — Hon. Secretaries : Rev. Henry Hamilton 
 
426 ^ 
 
 ROYAL HIGHLAND, 3111351^1311} ^011^1115. SCHOOL, A.D.I 709 
 
 Beamish, A.M.; Tliomas Cook, Esq., R.N. — Secretary, Rev. John 
 Edward White, M.A. — Collector, Mr. William Stone. 
 
 THE SOCIETY for IRISH CHURCH MISSIONS to 
 the Roman Catholics, 14, Exeter Hall. Originated as " The 
 Special Fund" of 1846. Formed during the collecting of the 
 large sums for Irish distress, to meet the spiritual wants 
 of the land, by aiding in their then exigencies the societies 
 just detailed. To the close of 1847, £6,260 was distributed 
 amongst them. In 1848, the committee were induced to 
 extend the operations of this fund, by employing curates to 
 labour among the Roman Catholics ; and in order to avoid 
 any interference with the Irish Society, an arrangement 
 was made with the committee of the latter, to continue its 
 labours exclusively to the Irish-speaking population ; the 
 chief attention of the Irish Church Mission being directed 
 to the English-speaking population, except in the missions 
 to Galway, and in such districts as may not be occupied by 
 the Irish Society. 
 
 The society has at present fifteen clergymen, nine ordained 
 specially for the mission, and one a reformed priest. The 
 other agents consist of a corresponding missionary agent, four 
 lay agents, forty-three readers or assistants, twenty-four 
 schoolmasters, ten schoolmistresses, in all ninety-five persons. 
 The operations of the mission in the various localities are 
 conducted with the concurrence of the bishop, and generally 
 in combination with the parochial clergy. The funds are 
 supported by voluntary contributions to an extent of nearly 
 £5,000 per annum, and the continuance or increase of this 
 wUl, of course, regulate the future proceedings of the society. 
 
 President, Duke of Manchester. — Hon. Secretaries : Rev. Alex. 
 R. C. Dallas, Wonston Rectory, Andover-road ; Rev. Robt. Bick- 
 ersteth, Clapham-rise. — Clerical Secretary, Rev. Wm. Wilkinson. 
 — Assistant Secretary, John Knott, J^sq., 14, Exeter-hall. — Trea- 
 surer, John Dean Paul, Esq., Messrs. Strahan, Paul, and Co., 
 Strand. 
 
 ROYAL HIGHLAND SCHOOL SOCIETY, Edin- 
 burgh. Incorporated 1709 and 1738. London corresponding 
 board, established 1773. This association is for the purpose 
 of collecting subscriptions and otherwise aiding the society 
 in Scotland for propagating Christian knowledge in the High- 
 lands and islands, which was originally founded in the year 
 1701, " for the reformation of manners" in Edinburgh. And 
 
427 
 
 LONDON SO CIETY, 3^15510113^ |nril?tir5. jews, a.d. 1808 
 
 on the 27th of May, 1709, it received a patent of incorpora- 
 tion from Queen Anne, under the title of the Society in 
 Scotland for propagating Christian knowledge. The last re- 
 turn of scholars on the first and second patents, shews that 
 including the children taught by the various missionaries, 
 catechists, etc., the present number is beyond 20,000. 138 
 schools on the first patent, giving instruction only ; 43 
 superannuated teachers on ditto ; 40 missionaries and cate- 
 chists ; 104 schools on the second patent, including both 
 instruction and manual occupations ; 18 superannuated teach- 
 ers on ditto. The sum total of annual expenditure, including 
 the charges for school-books, Gaelic printing, usually exceeds 
 .£5,000. The amount raised by this London board in volun- 
 tary contributions is under £300 annually. 
 
 President, Duke of Cambridge. — Treasurer, B. B. Cabbell, Esq., 
 M.P. — Bankers, Messrs. Hoare, 37, Fleet-street. — Secretary, Chiis. 
 Mackie, Esq., 72, Farringdon-street. 
 
 LONDON A UXlLlARYof the SCOTTISH EPISCO- 
 PAL Church Society, 79, Pall-mall. Instituted 1838. For 
 providing Episcopal schoolmasters, books, and tracts for the 
 poor ; and to assist in the formation or enlargement of dio- 
 cesan libraries ; providing for aged or infirm clergymen, 
 salaries for their assistants, and general aid for congregations 
 struggling with pecuniary difficulties ; and to assist candidates 
 for the ministry, in completing their theological studies. 
 All applications for assistance must be certified by the bishop 
 of the diocese, or the committee appointed by him, that exer- 
 tions reasonably to be expected have in each particular case 
 been made by the congregation to provide their pastor with 
 a suitable income. 
 
 Every Episcopalian subscribing IDs. annually, or £5 or 
 upwards at one time to this society, or the Episcopal Fund, 
 is a constituent member of the society. The London com- 
 mittee meet on the last Tuesday in January, April, July, 
 and October. The last cash statement presents an income of 
 about £2250 from contributions, and £500 from dividends, 
 the funded property being about £12,000. 
 
 Secretaries for London Board : Rev. Thos. Bowdler, 79, Ches- 
 ter-square, Pimlico ; A. J. C. Lawrie, Esq., Westwood House, 
 Sydenham, Kent. 
 
 LONDON SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRIS- 
 TIANITY amongst the Jews, 3 Chatham-place, Blackfriars, 
 was founded 1808, and has for its object the spiritual wel- 
 
428 
 
 BRITISH SOCIETY. 3Hi55iiniHn]; .^nrirfe. jews', a.d. i84i 
 
 fare of the Jews. Public worship, and the education of the 
 children under the care of the society, within the United 
 Kingdom, are conducted in strict conformity with the prin- 
 ciples and formularies of the Established Church. 
 
 The Hebrew College lately founded by this society — 
 principal. Dr. McCaul, — trains young Jewish converts for the 
 ministry, devoting themselves to the missionary work abroad 
 after a probationary trial on the same work at home. There 
 is a total of 76 agents employed by the society, 17 in Great 
 Britain, and the remainder in other parts of the world — 38 
 of these are believing Jews. 
 
 The committee meet at the society's office, at 12 o'clock 
 at noon, on Wednesday. The report for the year ending 
 March 1850 presents a very encouraging statement of the 
 funds, the receipts being £28,283; the items of this will serve 
 to develope the present operations : — for general purposes, 
 such as foreign mission-schools, home missions, etc.,£25,758, 
 raised chiefly by auxiliaries, congregational, and anniversary 
 collections ; besides which, contributed for special purposes 
 of Hebrew Bible Fund, £387 ; Hebrew schools, £119; Jeru- 
 salem mission, Hebrew church at Jerusalem, £74 ; Hospital 
 for sick Jews at Jerusalem, £219 ; House of Industry at 
 Jerusalem, £41 ; for the purchase of house for ditto, £700 ; 
 Convert relief fund, £177 ; Widows' and Missionaries' fund, 
 £130, etc. 
 
 Annual subscribers of one guinea, and upwards (or if 
 clergymen, half-a-guinea), donors of ten guineas and up- 
 wards, and every person collecting to the amount of 52s. per 
 annum, and upwards, or clergymen making congregational 
 collections of £20 at one time, are members of the society. 
 
 Patron, Archbishop of Canterbury. — President, Lord Ashley. — 
 Treasurer, John Labouchere, Esq. — Home Secretary, Captain 
 W. H. L. Layard. — Foreign Secretary, Rev. William Ayerst, A.M. 
 — Collector, Mr. R. G. Burrows, 34, Exmouth-street, Spa-fields. 
 
 BRITISH SOCIETY FOR THE PROPAGATION 
 OF THE GOSPEL among the Jews, 1, Crescent-place, 
 Blackfriars. Established 1841. The objects of this are 
 much the same as those of the preceding society, but its 
 directors comprehend Christians of all sects ; whilst the 
 former, in spirit and direction, is exclusively Church of 
 England. A Jewish Mission College is supported by the 
 society, at 48, Stamford-street, Blackfriars, where there are 
 at present eight students training. 
 
429 
 
 ladies'. IHiBsiDEari); ^nmtiBS. industrial. 
 
 A Prayer Meeting on behalf of the Jews is held at the 
 office on the third Wednesday in each month, at 7 o'clock. 
 
 Judging from last year's receipts, the income is £4390; 
 of which about £80 is derived from publications, the re- 
 mainder from voluntary contributions; the present extent of 
 operations is consequently limited. Last year the amount 
 disbursed in its immediate objects, was £2456, and total 
 expenditure, £3714. 
 
 Ten shillings annual, or five pounds donation, constitutes 
 a member. 
 
 Treasurer, John Dean Paul, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev. 
 E. Henderson, D.D.; Rev. James Hamilton, D.D.; Rev. William 
 Bunting. — Resident Secretary, Mr. George Yonge. 
 
 OPERATIVE JEWISH CONVERTS' INSTITU- 
 TION, Palestine-place, Bethnal Green, London. Insti- 
 tuted 1831. It is a well known fact, that the first indi- 
 cation even of a wish on the part of a Jew, to inquire into 
 the truth of Christianity, cuts him off from the sympathies 
 of his brethren, excludes him from their connexion, and 
 annihilates his means of livelihood. He has to encounter a 
 series of persecution and privation, which, though it affords, 
 in most cases, the best proof of sincerity, leaves the convert 
 without the means of future support. This institution, 
 therefore, has virtually become an indispensable auxiliary 
 to the work of the societies for promoting Christianity 
 amongst the Jews. 
 
 To furnish him, in this extremity, with the means of 
 earning his own maintenance, is the object of this institu- 
 tion, which, after ascertaining in each case, by every possible 
 scrutiny, the reality of a change of mind and heart, accom- 
 panied by evidence that the party is utterly destitute, re- 
 ceives and shelters him for the time that may be requisite 
 for his learning a trade. 
 
 During its establishment, 250 persons following had the 
 benefit of its operations, many of these, in the course of so 
 many years, are necessarily lost sight of ; but, upwards of 
 100 can now be traced as leading consistent and useful lives. 
 The number of inmates at one time is generally 25. 
 
 Patron, Bishop of London. — President, Right Hon. Sir G. H. 
 Rose. — Treasurer, Jolm Twells, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, 
 W. Wynne Wilson, Esq. — Clerical Superintendent, Rev, J. C. 
 Reichardt. — Collector, Mr. Samuel J. Behrens. 
 
430 
 
 EPucATioN ly Bissmnani: §>mttm. syria, a.d. isss 
 
 THE LADIES' SOCIETY for Promoting the Mental 
 Improvement and Religious Welfare of Jewesses, 27, Red 
 Lion-square, was formed in April 1840 ; with an Auxiliary 
 in Edinburgh, under the sanction and patronage, it is repre- 
 sented, of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland ; 
 also in Dublin, where a Ladies' Association is formed, adopt- 
 ing the same rules. 
 
 The parent society confined their labour amongst the Jews, 
 to the populous districts of Spitalfields and Goodman's 
 Fields, for four years, establishing schools, and urging the 
 Jews forward to promote an improved state of education 
 amongst themselves, which has been effected very satisfac- 
 torily. 
 
 A Mission to the Continent was undertaken, 1844, with 
 the object of promoting the interest and welfare of this an- 
 cient people. 
 
 An Industrial Branch was added to the Educational 
 Society, in 1845, for the purpose of affording a respectable 
 trade to those children who had distinguished themselves at 
 the schools of the society. Funds, it is stated, alone have 
 been wanting to render the general operations invaluable 
 in promoting the temporal and eternal welfare of the Jews. 
 
 The present School for Jewesses is at 3, Church-passage, 
 Spital-square, conducted on the Pestalozzian system. Mrs. 
 Jane Simpson, Honorary Secretary. 
 
 SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING INDUSTRY AND 
 RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION amongst the Jews of loth 
 Sexes, 27, Red Lion-square, Bloomsbury, appears to have 
 been formed in 1846, with the view of extending the opera- 
 tions of the last-named to both sexes. 
 
 The especial objects of the undertaking are thus ex- 
 plained : " to lead the rising generation of Jews into habits 
 of industry and a knowledge of the Word of God, as re- 
 vealed in the Old and New Testaments ; and teach them 
 various useful Trades, united with a System of Bible In- 
 struction." 
 
 In furtherance of the Industrial Branch, a printing press 
 has been established in Theobald's-road, worked by Jewish 
 youths, under the direction of a Christian manager ; other 
 trades have been sought, but printing, it is stated, has been 
 found to be an employment well suited for the Jews. 
 
 The last report published, that for July 1846, exhibited 
 the receipts up to that time to be £144, and the disburse- 
 
431 
 
 GERMAN POOR, jHissinpflni Inmfeg. a.d. 1549 
 
 meut thereof to have been applied chiefly in preliminary 
 expenses. 
 
 Treasurer, John Labouchere, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. 
 J. G. Simpson. 
 
 CHURCH OF ENGLAND SOCIETY for Promoting 
 Christian Education in Syria, 250, Blackfriars-road. Formed 
 1838, for the establishing of native agency, and educating 
 for that purpose Syrian youths, from time to time sent 
 to this country ; to some being afforded medical instruction, 
 others instructed for schoolmasters and ministers ; uniting 
 with all mental accomplishments, Christian knowledge. Dr. 
 Assaad y Kayat, an Assyrian, was engaged, in his native 
 country, in furthering the obje6ts of this society, for some 
 time ; but the committee now represent a great want of pe- 
 cuniary assistance, and we believe, have virtually suspended 
 all operations for the present. 
 
 Treasurer, Hon. Capt. Maude, R.N., 52, Eaton-sq. — Bankers, 
 Messrs. Puget, Bainbridges, and Co., 12, St. Paul's Churchyard. 
 — Collector, Mr. Stone, 250, Blackfiriars-road. 
 
 The Syrian Medical Aid Association was founded in con- 
 nection with the above, for the purpose of granting efficient 
 medical attendance to the indigent sick of Syria, but was in 
 existence only a short period. Dr. Hodgkin, of Lower 
 Brook-street, officiated as one of the honorary secretaries. 
 
 GERMAN EVANGELICAL MISSION in LONDON^ 
 Savoy. Instituted 1849. For the purpose of diffusing the know- 
 ledge of the Gospel amongst a numerous class of poor Ger- 
 mans, dispersed in various parts of London, many of whom 
 are in the most deplorable state of ignorance, irreligion, im- 
 morality, and wretchedness. At present, one missionary is 
 employed, who, within the short period of six months, has 
 paid upwards of eight hundred visits to about two hundred 
 families ; and either sold or gratuitously distributed nearly 
 two hundred German bibles and testaments. A Sunday 
 school has also been formed, in which from sixty to eighty 
 boys and girls are instructed. The mission is conducted 
 by a committee, consisting of a number of German cler- 
 gymen and laymen, who desire to extend its benefits, by 
 the employment of one or two additional missionaries, and 
 by the establishment of a school of industry ; provided the 
 liberality of the public enables them thus to enlarge the 
 sphere of their operations. 
 
 Further particulars may be obtained of Mr. C. Schoell, 
 the Savoy, Strand, 
 
432 
 
 EVANGELICAL BliEBllKlItnilS CjiarifeS. ALLIANCE, 1846 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS CHARITIES, LOCAL 
 AND TEMPORARY FUNDS. 
 
 Institutions not comprehended under previous subjects. — Evangelical 
 Alliance. — Peace Society. — Aborigines Society. — Anti-Slavery Soci- 
 ety. — Blockade of the African Coast. — Petition of the Church Mis- 
 sionary Society. — African Civilization. — Temporary Funds, for Irish 
 Distress, and British Workpeople in France. — Irish Amelioration 
 Society. — List of Societies ceased to exist, within the last few years. 
 — Form of Charitable Bequest. — Congregational Associations and 
 Collections : Examples afforded of amounts in aid for one year, with 
 usual local Charities attached to Parish Churches, and District, and 
 Dissenting Chapels. — General Summary and Review. — Concluding 
 Remarks. 
 
 But few institutions now remain on our list : these, having 
 failed to find their place under preceding subjects, are, con- 
 sequently, comprehended in this, our concluding chapter ; 
 the contents, as may be gathered from the above, are mis- 
 cellaneous, but all, more or less, are required, in connexion 
 with our subject, to render the information as a whole com- 
 plete. The institutions coming under notice are of too mis- 
 cellaneous and indefinite a class for a summary of their 
 character and extent, and, indeed, too few to require it. We 
 therefore proceed at once to detail each separately. 
 
 TEE E YA NGELICAL ALLIANCE, Office, 10, Adam- 
 street, Adelphi. Formed first at the conference in Liverpool, 
 the first of October 1845, and in London, 20th August 1846, 
 Has for its aim the union of all classes of denominations, as 
 thus expressed : — " The great object of the alliance is to aid 
 in manifesting the unity which exists among the true disci- 
 
433 
 
 PEACE SOCIETY, BJisMlgiifngg Citflrilips. a.d. isu 
 
 pies of Christ. In subserviency to this great object, the 
 alliance will endeavour to exert a beneficial influence on the 
 advancement of evangelical Protestantism, and on the coun- 
 teraction of infidelity, popery, and other forms of supersti- 
 tion, error, and profaneness. No compromise of the views 
 of any member, or sanction of those of others, on points 
 wherein they differ, is required or expected ; but all are held 
 to be as free as before to maintain and advocate their reli- 
 gious convictions, with due forbearance and brotherly love." 
 
 " In the admission of members, regard shall be had not 
 simply to an intellectual assent to the summary of doctrines 
 enumerated in the basis, but also to the practical exhibition 
 of their influence upon the conduct and temper of the indi- 
 vidual ; and no member shall be admitted, except he be re- 
 commended by two members of the organization resident in 
 the same sub-division, or a member of the divisional com- 
 mittee, or a member of the executive council, as being, in 
 their judgment and belief, a person of Christian character, 
 spirit, and deportment." 
 
 Members are entitled to attend the various meetings, and 
 introduce friends, without its necessarily involving member- 
 ship to the devotional meetings. Members are expected to 
 contribute to the funds. The amount of income last year, 
 for the whole of the different divisions, as well as central 
 fund, amounted to about £800, disbursed chiefly in expenses 
 of conference, salaries, and other items for carrying out the 
 objects. 
 
 Chairman, Sir C. E. Smith, Bart. — Treasurers : R. C. L. Bevan, 
 Esq. ; J. Farmer, Esq. — Office Secretary, Rev. J. P. Dobson. — 
 Publishers and 'Agents, Messrs. Partridge and Oakey, 34, Pater- 
 noster-row. 
 
 SOCIETY for the PROMOTION of Permanent and 
 Universal PLACE, 19, New Broad-street. Established 
 1814. The society consists of persons of every denomina- 
 tion, who represent themselves as desirous of uniting in " the 
 promotion of peace on earth and good will towards men." 
 Its chief supporters are amongst the Society of Friends, also 
 many who take a prominent part in promoting the tempe- 
 rance movement ; and likewise, those who are agitating for 
 retrenchment of standing army expenses, (fee. ; so that its 
 members are actuated by various motives and feelings, in 
 advocating and promoting the design. The amount of con- 
 
 28 
 
434 
 
 aborigines' ^isrdianrnMS CljarrtiM. protection,i836 
 
 tributiou constituting membership is ten shillings and six- 
 pence annually, or five guineas donation. 
 
 An annual convention is held in May or June, to receive 
 reports of the progress of peace from all parts of the world, 
 and to deliberate upon the best means for promoting its 
 adoption. Last year's convention was held in Paris, and 
 formed a congress of all nations, lasting several days, and 
 concluding with great eclat, by the various delegates attend- 
 ing a grand reception given in honour of them by the French 
 president. 
 
 The last annual cash statement presents an income, de- 
 rived from voluntary contributions, of £1,800, disbursed in 
 printing and circulating papers illustrative of the society's 
 objects and plans, and other expenses incurred in advocating 
 generally a system of arbitration in lieu of war, (Sic. 
 
 President, Charles Hindley, Esq., M.P. — Treasurer, Samuel 
 Gurney, Esq., 65, Lombard-st. — Secretary, Rev. Henry Richard. 
 — -Assistant Secretary, Mr, Alexander Brockway, 19, New Broad- 
 street. — Travelling Agent, Mr. William Stokes. 
 
 THE ABORIGINES PROTECTION SOCIETY, 35, 
 
 Bedford-square. Established 1838. Instituted on much the 
 same principles as, but in advance of, the Anti-Slavery So- 
 cieties. The recognized object of this being, " to record the 
 history and promote the advancement of uncivilized tribes." 
 
 One guinea annual, or .£10 donation, constitutes a mem- 
 ber, entitled to all the publications of the society. The an- 
 nual income appears a very limited one, under ,£100 a-year. 
 
 President, Samuel Gurney^ Esq. — Treasurer, James Bell, Esq., 
 15, Langham -place. — Hon. Secretary, Dr. Hodgkin, 35, Bedford- 
 square. — Secretary, Mr. Ij. A. Chamerovzow, 4, Leipsic-road, Cam- 
 berwell. 
 
 BRITISH AND FOREIGN ANTI-SLA VERY SO- 
 CIETY, 27, New Broad-street. Instituted 1839. For "the 
 universal extinction of slavery and the slave-trade, and the 
 
 ^ The original anti-slavery society was established, 1787, for " the 
 abolition of the trade"; in 1807 this merged into " The African Institu- 
 tion to promote Civilization", which continued its operations until 1827, 
 when it ceased to exist. In the meanwhile (1823)" The London Society 
 for the gradual Abolition ofSlaver3-" was founded ; and in 1831 a branch 
 from it commenced, for " the immediate and entire abolition of slavery." 
 In 1834 the measure abolishing slavery in the British possessions became 
 law ; but the system of negro apprenticing continuing, against this, in 
 
435 ^ 
 
 ANTI-SLAYERY j^JBrfllgngDnS CljaritiEH. S0CIETY,A.D.1839 
 
 protection of the rights and interests of the enfranchised 
 population in the British possessions, and of all persons cap- 
 tured as slaves." This object the society endeavours to ad- 
 vance by pacific means only, such as by circulating accurate 
 information on the enormities of the slave trade and slavery ; 
 furnishing evidence to the inhabitants of slave-holding 
 countries, not only of the practicability, but of the pecuniary 
 advantage of free labour ; diftusing authentic intelligence 
 respecting the results of emancipation in Hayti, the British 
 colonies, and elsewhere ; corresponding with abolitionists in 
 America, France, and other countries ; and encouraging 
 them in the prosecution of their objects by all other methods 
 consistent with its principles.^ 
 
 Every person who subscribes ten shillings annually, or 
 makes a donation of £5 or upwards, is a member of this 
 society. The funds are chiefly supported by such contribu- 
 tions, last year amounting to £1,241, and the proceeds of 
 publications to ^'188. The disbursements consist chiefly of 
 expenses in conducting the society,and printing publications. 
 
 This society appears strongly adverse to the continuance 
 of the armed squadron on the African coast for the suppres- 
 sion of the trade, — there being much affinity in the principles 
 upon which the society is conducted, and the general charac- 
 ter of its promoters, with what characterizes the Peace Con- 
 vention. There is, however, besides the ground taken by 
 the society, much reason to doubt the desirableness of this 
 protracted national expense. As regards the slave trade it- 
 self, there can be, or ought to be, but one opinion — of its ini- 
 quity ; and it is to be hoped an active abhorrence of it will 
 ever influence the humane and generous-hearted of our 
 country. But it is much to be questioned, whether the 
 society is not about right in its conclusion, however it may 
 
 1837, " The Central Negro Committee" directed its efforts, and it was 
 finally suppressed August 1838. In 1839, some of the friends of the old 
 societies organized themselves into the above society ; and another sec- 
 tion took up with the plan for the civilization of Africa, which so signally 
 failed in the disastrous attempt known as the Niger expedition, as referred 
 to page 437. 
 
 ■^ The last statistical table of the extent of slavery furnished by this 
 society, presents the startling fact of there being no less a number than 
 7,.500,000 slaves at the present time. Thus : — in the United States, 
 3.09.5,000; Brazil, 3,250,000 ; Spanish colonies, 900,000 ; Dutch colonies, 
 8.5,000; South American republics, 140,00 J ; African settlements, 30,000. 
 
436 
 
 AjTTi-sLAYERY BHisrrilaTO giis Cjiaritirs. society,a.d.i839 
 
 arrive at it, " that abolition of slavery must be the work of 
 Christian influence, example, and representation, rather than 
 compulsion and bloodshed." Sir T. F. Buxton's fortified 
 and well-proved assertion, that " for every slave embarked 
 one was sacrificed", will always remain an argument in its 
 favour ; as, not only does coercion tend to degenerate into a 
 system of privateering, expensive to the country, but it 
 necessarily renders the packing and general treatment even 
 more hazardous and insupportable for the unfortunate mer- 
 chandize. Besides this, after years of perseverance, and cost 
 of brave men and public resources, no perceptible progress 
 whatever has been made. Slavery is as much carried on 
 along the African coast as ever, and proves as profitable to 
 those who traffic. 
 
 There remains, however, on the other hand, one argument 
 which should weigh somewhat with those who so strenu- 
 ously oppose any longer continuance of the squadron, — 
 what provision can be suggested in lieu thereof, for the 
 safety of the various missionary stations formed under the 
 protection guaranteed thereby, and pursuing their quiet in- 
 fluence of good, to an extent at once successful and grati- 
 fying ? At the present time, in the colony of Sierra Leone, 
 with a population of forty-five thousand, mostly liberated 
 negroes, the Church Missionary Society maintains a cler- 
 gyman in thirteen parishes of the colony, and a staff of 
 twenty European clergymen and teachers, together with 
 sixty-four native teachers, three in full orders ; also twenty- 
 six places of worship, forty-three schools, with between five 
 and six thousand scholars. In Free Town, a grammar 
 school, containing fifty pupils, imparting a general and libe- 
 ral education, a theological college, <tc. The society expends 
 £10,000 annually, in maintaining these establishments,^ 
 which are supported and cherished upon this extensive scale 
 
 ^ " To the British government, — beyond his rescue from the slave-ship, 
 and emancipation from future slavery, and a temporary sustenance, and 
 his being placed within the reach of missionary efforts (to vphich it has 
 not contributed), — the liberated African cannot fairly be said to owe 
 much. To the invaluable exertions of the Church Missionary Society 
 more especially, and also, to a considerable extent, — as in all our African 
 settlements,- — to the Wesleyan bod}', the highest praise is due. By their 
 efforts nearly one-fifth of the whole population — a most unusually high 
 proportion in any country — is at school ; and the effects are visible in 
 considerable intellectual, moral, and religious improvement." — Report of 
 Parliamentary Committee (Lord Sandon, Chairman), 1842. 
 
437 
 
 AFRICAN ^isrrllmirmrs Cjiaritius. civilization. 
 
 in Sierra Leone, not merely for the benefit of the locality, 
 but in order that it may become a seed-plot for the whole 
 western coast of Africa — that the liberated Africans, brought 
 in froni time to time by the cruising squadron, comprising 
 natives speaking above forty different languages, may be 
 trained in Christian knowledge, and prepared in due time 
 to return to their fatherlands, carrying with them the arts 
 of civilization, the Christian religion, and gratitude indelibly 
 stamped upon their minds towards the British nation. The 
 Church Missionary Society represents, that vjere the cruising 
 squadron to be removed from the coast, the existence of all 
 these agencies for the regeneration of Africa would be placed 
 in immvaent jeopardy. — " The agents of the slave trade would 
 at once take means for the expulsion of missionaries, for the 
 exciting of internal wars, and for debasing the population 
 by ardent spirits, and by all the degrading influences which 
 have ever marked the progress of the slave trade. The whole 
 continent of Africa will be thus given up to ruin by wars 
 and bloodshed, and slavery will increase twenty-fold.''^ 
 
 Treasurer, G. W.Alexander, Esq., Lombard-street. — Secretary, 
 John Scoble, Esq.- — Collector, Mr. Thomas Boulton. 
 
 THE AFRICAN CIVILIZATION SOCIETY. Formed 
 1839; to promote the extinction of the slave trade, deve- 
 lope the capabilities of the African soil, <fec. Appears to have 
 suspended all operations, and even active existence, since 
 the disastrous failure of the Niger expedition. No formal 
 dissolution of the society has, however, taken place ; conse- 
 quently, although the accounts have been made up, and 
 there remains, it is represented, no funds in hand, the name 
 of the society is retained, its ostensible representative being 
 the Secretary of the Mico Trust, 20, Buckingham-street, 
 Adelphi. The other names retained on the list of supporters 
 are: Prince Albert, President;^ Chairman, Right Hon. S. 
 Lushington, LL.D ; Treasurer, John Gurney Hoare, Esq. 
 
 The African Native Agency Committee, was formed by the 
 exertions of several of the members of the preceding Society, 
 
 ^ Petition to Parliament, March 18, 1850, from Committee of Church 
 Missionary Society. 
 
 ^ It will be remembered that this Society commenced its labours with 
 great hopes, and under the highest auspices, the Prince Consort making 
 his first public appearance by presiding at the general meeting in 1840. 
 His Royal Highness became the president of the Society ; and, we are 
 given to understand, has never formally withdrawn his name. 
 
438 
 
 IRISH RELIEF. Cmprarif jFimits. a.d. 1847 
 
 in 1843 ; its operations appear limited, the whole having 
 been sustained by a total amount of voluntary contributions, 
 to the present time, of less than £1,500. They consist 
 chiefly of aiding local plans of the Church Missionary So- 
 ciety, for the benefit of native Africans at Cape Coast, Sierra 
 Leone, and the Bahamas, <fec. ; assisting in maintaining an 
 agency, for the promotion of native educational and indus- 
 trial objects. 
 
 Treasurer, John Gumey Hoare, Esq. — Secretary, R. Stokes, Esq. 
 
 BRITISH ASSOCIATION for the RELIEF of EX- 
 TREME DISTRESS in the Remote Parishes of Ireland and 
 Scotland, Committee Room, South Sea House. Instituted 
 1847. Although this fund was raised only for a special pur- 
 pose, and temporary in its operations, yet the occasion for it 
 was so deplorable and recent a one, and the extent and ap- 
 plication of the relief so characteristic of English benevo- 
 lence, that its mention^ as an historical reminiscence, among 
 existing charities, will not be deemed amiss, especially as the 
 details afforded may prove satisfactory to those who contri- 
 buted to the fund, and who may not yet have ascertained 
 how it was disbursed. 
 
 A very interesting and detailed report, illustrated with 
 maps, has lately been published by the committee, entering 
 at length into the description of relief afforded, and mode of 
 distribution, <fe:c. ; also a list of the contributors. The same 
 will be delivered gratis to any subscriber, or, price one shil- 
 ling to the public. 
 
 STATEMENT OF THE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE FROM 
 
 JANUARY 1, 1847, TO DECEMBER 25, 1848. 
 
 Cr. RECEIPTS. 
 
 To Subscriptions . . . . . . £269,302 6 
 
 The First Queen's .Letter 
 Fund .. .. £170,571 10 
 
 The Second ditto . . 30,167 14 4 
 
 200,738 15 2 
 
 Total Subscriptions . . . . . . £470,041 1 2 
 
 Provisions sold in Ireland . 44,282 13 11 
 
 Provisions issued from the depots of the 
 
 Association to Her Majesty's Government 35,384 16 8 
 Transfer of Provisions of the Association 
 
 to Her Majesty's Government . . 29,450 18 7 
 
 Gross Receipts for Provisions . . . . 109,118 11 2 
 
 Seed sold in Ireland, and to Her Majesty's Government, for 
 
 Scotland . . . . . . . . . . 16,069 2 
 
 Interest and Premium on Exchequer Bills, &c. . . 8,306 15 8 
 
 £603,335 8 2 
 
439 
 
 REFUGEE WORKMEN, fellipranj ^1111^5. 
 
 A.D. 1848 
 
 EXPENDITURE. 
 By Provisions shipped to Ireland . . ^178,576 13 2 
 
 H. M.' sPaymaster General, for Provisions 
 issued from the Government Depots in 
 Ireland to 1st October, 1847 .. 58,933 17 3 
 
 Seed 
 
 Total for Provisions, to October 1st, 1847 
 
 237,510 10 6 
 
 18.314 16 9 
 
 77,6a3 15 7 
 
 10,000 
 
 7,250 
 
 3,692 15 8 
 
 Remittances to the Edinburgh and Glasgow Committees 
 
 Grant to the Dublin Central Relief Committee 
 
 Grants to various Charitable Associations 
 
 Small Grants of Money to Relief Committees in Ireland, 
 
 including £500 for Clothing, and £500 for the purchase 
 
 of Turnip Seed 
 H. M.'s Paymaster General, for Provisions 
 
 issued since 1st October, 1847 . . 107,207 15 10 i 
 
 Advances in money to Unions, for Relief of 
 
 General Distress and Rationing School 
 
 Children .. .. .. 111,171 17 1 
 
 Clothing for Schools .. .. 12,000 
 
 Cost ofReliefsince 1st October, 1847 .. 230,379 12 11 
 Distribution in Ireland, and Agency and 
 
 Supercargo's Expenses .. .. 1,990 16 10 
 
 Advertisements, Stationery, and Printing 1,824 8 6 
 
 Salaries .. .. .. 1,074 15 
 
 Postages and Petty Cash .. .. 219 17 10 
 
 Rent of Office .. .. .. 176 10 
 
 Total Expenses of Management 
 Poor Law Commissioners for Ireland 
 
 Balance at Smith, Payne, and Co.'s, on 25th December 
 
 5,286 8 2 
 12,OC0 
 
 602,117 19 6 
 1,417 8 8 
 
 £603,535 8 2 
 
 Auditors : Sir James Weir Hogg, Bart., and J. B. Heath, Esq. 
 — Honorary Secretaries : the Hon. Stephen Spring Rice ; Francis 
 Carleton, Esq. (deceased) ; and £. Caine, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. 
 J. B. Standish Haly. 
 
 SUBSCRIPTION FOR THE RELIEF OF BRITISH 
 WORKMEN, Refugees from France, 4, St. Martin' s-place. 
 Instituted 1848. Like the former fund, this is merely 
 brought forward here to shew, on the one hand, what, in 
 special cases, has been done to provide against distress ; and, 
 on the other hand, to serve as an example of what may be 
 attempted in similar cases. It originated in the Spring of 
 1848, to relieve the distress occasioned to the British work- 
 people and others, in France, by being thrown out of employ 
 during the revolution ; popular feelings compelling them to 
 leave the country. 
 
 The fund raised by voluntary subscriptions throughout 
 
440 
 
 IRISH AMELIORATION. 3Hi3CEUflntnilS. A.D. 1849 
 
 this country, realised about ^6000 ; and the details of its 
 disbursement will sufficiently represent the mode of appli- 
 cation thereof: — about £1000 to the mayors and consuls of 
 Calais, Boulogne, Havre, Dover, and Folkestone, for distri- 
 bution to the refugees in leaving and arriving at the various 
 ports ; ^800 distributed amongst those arriving in London ; 
 between £3000 and £4000 for passages and fares of the 
 various families to their respective homes and parishes, and 
 others emigrating to the colonies ; also, outfitting them ; 
 and about £500 to orphan and other charities in London, 
 for the reception and benefit of several children of refugees 
 obliged to be removed from similar institutions in France. 
 
 The amount now remaining in band for further contingent 
 claims is £1366. 
 
 Secretary, Mr. W. T. Haly. — Agent, etc., Mr. J. B. Standish 
 Haly.— Auditor, G. C. Glyn, Esq. 
 
 IRISH AMELIORATION SOCIETY, 9, Waterloo- 
 place, established' 1849, is a commercial undertaking, but 
 based more upon the prospect of affording remunerative and 
 reproductive labour for the Irish peasantry, than upon any 
 estimate of large profits. The chief operations projected by 
 the society appear to consist of various methods to reclaim 
 the peat bogs, the cleansing of the cities and towns, and the 
 rendering available for agricultural purposes the refuse and 
 manure thus collected ; united with these objects, is the 
 even more philanthropic one of ameliorating the peasant's 
 present condition, pointing out to him how to economise 
 and improve time, space, and means. 
 
 The amount of capital stock is stated to be £500,000, in 
 shares of £10, to be paid up by deposit and future calls of 
 10s. each. Twenty-one days' notice of call to be given, and 
 three months given to pay. 
 
 The first call was paid September 25, 1849. 
 
 Chairman of the Court of Directors, Lord De Mauley. — Chair- 
 man of the Committee of Works, Major-General Macleod. 
 
 Mention is made of the following two or three societies, 
 not that they come within our defined limits, but their titles 
 and presumed objects rendering it possible that their omis- 
 sion might mislead, we deem it better thus briefly to notice 
 them. 
 
 The Religious Freedom Society, Bolt-court, Fleet-street, 
 established 1839,has, for the present, suspended its operations, 
 which, according to its objects, were directed towards main- 
 
441 
 
 LIST OP DEFUNCT, OR 9tli5rrllaiIfDII5. OTHERWISE OMITTED. 
 
 taining " that it is the inalienable right of every man to 
 worship God according to the conviction of his own will"; 
 and opposed to the union of " Church and State ", " Church- 
 rates ", <fec. 
 
 Treasurer, R. Peck. Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Hanbury and Co. 
 — Secretary, Josiah Conder, Esq., Bolt-court, Fleet-street. 
 
 British and Foreign Unitarian Association, 2, Essex- 
 street, Strand, instituted 1825, is formed for the promotion 
 of the principles of Unitarian faith at home and abroad ; 
 the support of its worship ; the diffusion of biblical, theolo- 
 gical, and literary knowledge, on topics connected with it ; 
 and the maintenance of the civil rights and interests of its 
 professors. 
 
 One guinea annually, or ten guineas at one time, consti- 
 tute a member. 
 
 Treasurer, Mr. Thos. Hornby. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. Edw. 
 Tagart, Bayswater. — Resident Secretary, Dr. Thomas Rees. 
 
 The Christian Tract Society, established 1809, must be 
 distinguished from the Religious Tract Societies already 
 given in detail. The avowed objects of this are " for dis- 
 tributing amongst the poor small cheap tracts, inculcating 
 moral conduct, upon Christian principles"; but its views are 
 in unison with the association above. 
 
 Treasurer, Mr. James Esdaile, 24, Upper Bedford-place. — Secre- 
 tary, Mr. J. E. Clennell, Mare-street, Hackney. — Publisher and 
 Agent, Mr. Chapman, 142, Strand. 
 
 From a consideration likewise that it may be useful to 
 know for certain of the cessation of such charitable societies 
 as, until within the last few years were in operation, we sub- 
 join a list of such as have come under personal observation ;^ 
 with a reference, to prevent misconception, to existing insti- 
 tutions of a similar character ; with the addition of a few 
 others, which, for various reasons, have been omitted from 
 our work. 
 
 Animals' Friend Society (not the Royal Society, page 86), — ceased to exist. 
 
 Association for Abolition of Imprisonment for Debt, &c., late of 30. Nicho- 
 las lane (not the Craven-street Society, page 136). ditto. 
 
 Bengal Military Orphan Society, 69, Comhill, is exclusively an Indian 
 Society . 
 
 ^ This may prove of service in detecting the attempted impositions of 
 unprincipled persons soliciting contributions ou the credit of past societies, 
 of which lately there have been many instances. 
 
442 
 
 LIST OF DEFUNCT, OE 3Hi3rtllfinjIIlI3. OTHERWISE OMITTED. 
 
 Biblico-Philological Institution, 15, Exeter Hall, — ceased to exist. 
 
 Christian Philanthropic Institution, — is only the name given to 20, Red 
 
 Lion-square, where several offices are held. 
 Dispensary for the Treatment of Ring Worm, and other Diseases of the 
 
 Skin, late of 2, Princes-street, Leicester-square, — ceased to exist. 
 Evangelical Voluntary Church Association, 4, Bloomfield-street, — ditto. 
 Eye Dispensary, late of 28, Denmark-street, Soho, — ditto. 
 
 Friendly Loan Society, late of 50, Leicester square, — ditto. 
 
 Galvanic and Electric Institution, late of ArKvllstreet, — ditto. 
 
 Lascar Benevolent Institution, late in connexion with the British Sailors' 
 
 Society, — ditto. 
 London Benevolent Society's Repository, late of 20, Wigmorest. — ditto. 
 London Dispensary for Diseases of the Lungs, late of 92,Newman-st. — ditto. 
 — West ditto, for Asthma, Consumption, and all Diseases of the 
 
 Chest, late of 83, Wells street, Oxford-street,— ditto. 
 
 London Episcopal Floating Church Society (vide page 390), — ditto. 
 
 Itinerant Society, Bloorofield-street, — ditto. 
 
 Institution for Diseases of Teeth, late of 10, Windmill-street, — ditto. 
 
 Masonic Provident Society, Prince's Head, Princes-st,Westminster, — ditto. 
 Master Bakers' School, late of 22, Pleasant-row, Fentonville, — ditto. 
 Medical Benevolent Society, late of 73, Lamb's Conduit-street, — ditto. 
 Metropolitan Institution for Commercial Schools in the Metropolis and its 
 
 Suburbs, late of 79, Pall Mall, — ditto. 
 
 Royal Metropolitan Hospital for Sick Children (not the Royal Infirmary, 
 
 page 35), late of 11, Broad-street, Golden-square, — ditto. 
 
 National Friendly Society for the Mutual Assurance of Life and Health, 
 
 18, Red Lion square, is an insurance office only. 
 North West London Penitent Female Refuge, late of 52, Camden-street, 
 
 Camden-town, — ceased to exist. 
 
 Newspaper Press Benevolent Association (vide also page 274), — ditto. 
 Polish Economical and Clothing Society (see page 143), late of 10, Duke- 
 street, St. James, — ditto. 
 Richmond Institute, of 88, St. James-street, — not yet completed or made 
 
 public. Supposed to contemplate the relief of agricultural distress. 
 Sanatorium, late of Devonshire-place House, New-road, — ceased to exist 
 
 (vide page 50). 
 Servants' Institution, 42, Great Marylebone-street, — amalgamated (vide 
 
 page 165). 
 Society for Charitable Purposes, late of 8, Great Stanhope-street, May- 
 fair, — ceased to exist. 
 Soldiers' Friend Society, late of 4, Charles-street, Hampstead-road, — gone. 
 Syrian Medical Aid Association, 9, Lower Brook-street, — ceased to exist. 
 Welsh Dispensary, 18, Great Newport^street, — closed. 
 West London Association, 32, Sackville-street, — ceased to exist. 
 Free Dispensary for Diseases of the Skin, 45, Dorset-street, 
 
 Baker street, — gone. 
 
 Medicated Vapour Bath Institution, 8, Great Castle-street, 
 
 Oxford-street, — ditto. 
 
443 
 
 FORM OF BEQUEST SJliSCpllailfDllS. TO A CHARITY. 
 
 In accordance with a request that has been made, and 
 with the desire of preventing inadvertencies which cause 
 litigation and loss, where only the affording assistance was 
 contemplated, we briefly notice the subject of making be- 
 quests for charitable purposes. 
 
 An act of Parliament " for the amendment of the laws 
 with respect to wills," passed July 3, 1837, and coming into 
 operation January 1, 1848, contains the following enact- 
 ment, to which perhaps it may be well to call attention. 
 It does not affect wills executed prior to that date ; but 
 alterations and codicils to such must be so treated : — 
 
 " And be it further enacted, that no will shall be valid 
 unless it shall be in writing, and executed in manner here- 
 inafter mentioned ; (that is to say) it shall be signed at the 
 foot or end thereof, by the testator, or by some other person 
 in his presence and by his direction ; and such signature 
 shall be made or acknowledged by the testator, in the pre~ 
 sence of two or more witnesses present at the time ; and such 
 witnesses shall attest and shall subscribe the will in the pre- 
 sence of the testator ; but no form of attestation shall be 
 necessary." (1 Victoria, cap. 26, sec. 9.) 
 
 We submit the following form of bequest as agreeable to 
 the statute, to such as may be desirous of availing them- 
 selves of our suggestions : — 
 
 I give and bequeath unto the treasurer for the time being 
 of the 
 
 the sum of 
 pounds sterling ; to be paid with all convenient speed after 
 my decease, exclusively out of such part of my personal 
 estate not hereby specifically disposed of, as I may by law^ 
 bequeath to charitable purposes ; and 1 hereby lawfully 
 charge such part of my estate with the said sum, upon trust, 
 to be applied towards the general purposes of the said society; 
 and the receipt of such treasurer for the time being of the said 
 society shall be a suficient discharge for the said legacy. (And 
 I direct that the duty upon the said legacy be paid by my 
 executors out of the said fund.) 
 
 ^ Devises of land, or of money charged on land, or secured on mort- 
 gage of lands or tenements, or to be laid out in lands or tenements, or to 
 arise from the sale of lands or tenements, are void ; and even where no 
 particular fund is pointed out in the will for the payment of charitable 
 
Our work, so far as regards the account of the public 
 charities and religious societies of London, is now brought 
 to a close ; but before briefly reviewing the result of our 
 investigations, it may be as well to refer to local charities ; 
 these, as we have before intimated, it has been found inex- 
 pedient to attempt describing on the present occasion, except 
 so far as they present peculiar features or benefits available 
 beyond their immediate localities. 
 
 Examples have been afforded, however, of district visiting 
 societies (p.l28),schools(p.311), (fee, in detail; and a general 
 view of the aggregate extent and value given under each 
 subject. And we now, lastly, notice congregational associa- 
 tions and collections in aid : we do this from the feeling that 
 it may justly be expected, that a source from whence our 
 public charities so largely derive their prosperity, should be 
 recognised, with an attempt at affording some idea at least 
 of the completeness of local operations ; and, at the same 
 time, of the essential influence exercised by Christian congre- 
 gations in the support of the more general; for real " Cha- 
 rity", although it " begins at home", ^et it never ends there. 
 
 Any attempt to give a complete list of congregational 
 and local associations is a subject intimately connected with 
 that of aflfording an account of the numerous churches and 
 chapels of our metropolis, and may form the subject of a 
 future volume ;i but for all useful present purposes, we 
 think every end answered by the information we are en- 
 abled, by the courtesy and kindness of their respective in- 
 cumbents or trustees, to give, of two parish churches, one dis- 
 trict church, one chapel of ease, and two dissenting chapels. 
 
 legacies, and they are consequently a charge on the residue, and the resi- 
 due consists, in part, of property before mentioned ; so much of the lega- 
 cies will become void as shall bear the same proportion to the entire 
 legacies as the exempted property bears to the residue. 
 
 ^ A small but useful pioneer to such a work, as far as regards the 
 churches and chapels of the metropolis, already exists, entitled "A Guide 
 to the Places of Public Worship." Is. Low. 
 
445 
 
 AND CONGREGATIONAL 3Hi5rpllfllIfniI5. COLLECTIONS. 
 
 ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS. Rector, Rev, J. E. 
 Tyler, B.D. This parish was divided, somewhat more 
 than a century ago, into two pai'ishes, St. Giles-in-the- 
 Fields, and St. George, Bloomsbury. The greater propor- 
 tion of the charities belong to both parishes, jointly ; and 
 depend, either wholly or in part, on annual subscriptions. 
 The Shelton School, adjoining St. Giles' Church, belongs to 
 both parishes equally. 
 
 The Parochial Schools, near St. George's Church, for one 
 hundred boys and sixty girls, depending partly on the divi- 
 dends of some funded donations, and partly on voluntary 
 subscriptions, w^hich latter amount to an average of ^600 
 per annum, receive the children of both parishes alike ; the 
 boys are clothed and taught, the girls maintained and 
 lodged. 
 
 The National School, for boys and girls, near St. Giles's 
 Church, is wholly supported by voluntary contributions. The 
 school was built in 1828, at an expense Uttle short of £2000; 
 the number of boys who pay 2d. per week, averages two 
 hundred. The expenses are about £150 per annum. The 
 girls pay Id. weekly. There is a clothing fund attached. 
 The charge is about j£150 per annum ; the number is nearly 
 two hundred. 
 
 An Infant School has lately been added. 
 
 Schools for infants, and for boys and girls, have lately 
 been opened in Parker-street, near Trinity Church, capable 
 of holding near six hundred children. These school-rooms 
 were converted out of capacious warehouses, at an expense 
 of about £1400. 
 
 St. Giles's District Visiting Society is supported wholly 
 by voluntary contributions, to an extent of somewhat above 
 £300. To this is attached the Ladies' Lying-in Charity, by 
 which, on an average, one hundred and fifty mothers are 
 assisted, at an expense of somewhat more than £70 per 
 annum ; also, a lending library ; and a district committee 
 of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. The 
 savings' fund is in a most satisfactory state, upwards of 
 1000 poor annually contributing their small savings, to 
 whom the premium of Id. in the Is. proves a great assistance. 
 
EXAMPLES OF 
 
 440 
 
 BlisrpUanrniis. local associations 
 
 ST. PA NCSAS. Vicar, Rev. Thomas Dale, M.A. The 
 extent and large population of this parish renders it next 
 to impossible to draw up anything like a correct view of 
 what is effected therein •, in fact, such an attempt Avould 
 be involving the question of doing so throughout London, 
 a subject, as before intimated, sufficiently large and inter- 
 esting to suggest a future volume ; the following statistics 
 must be taken, therefore, as simply referring to the parish 
 church in Euston-square, and the immediate district there of 
 which may be taken as one-tenth of the population of the 
 whole parish. 
 
 First, the amounts collected at the Church doors during 
 1849, viz. :— 
 
 For the Female CharitvSchool £115 
 Tlie Royal General Dispensary 
 
 (page* 66) . - - - 113 
 St. Pancras Church Extension 
 
 Fund - - - - 259 
 
 1 National School 171 
 
 Metropolitan Churches' Fund 87 
 
 Infant and Sunday Schools - 148 
 
 District Visiting Society - 137 
 
 Collections on Easter Day - 92 
 
 Daj- of Humiliation - *. 167 
 
 Of General Thanksgiving - 110 
 
 Total - - - 1899 
 
 The amount of the sacramental collections during the year - 
 And in Church boxes ..... 
 
 261 
 103 
 
 £1763 
 
 In addition to this the congregation subscribed, in 1849, 
 somewhat of an approximation to the foUoAving sums : — 
 
 Scripture Readers' - - 150 
 District Visiting Society and 
 
 Provident Fund - - 100 
 
 St. Pancras Di.spensary . 100 
 
 General Charities • - 150 
 
 About £1,700 
 
 Church Extension 
 
 . £500 
 
 Infant School Building 
 
 . 200 
 
 Free Church 
 
 . 100 
 
 National Schools 
 
 - 200 
 
 Soup Kitchen 
 
 . 100 
 
 Northern Dispensary - 
 
 - 100 
 
447 
 
 AND CONGREGATIONAL BliSKllflUBIIlIS. COLLECTIONS. 
 
 ST. JOHN'S CHJlPEL, BEDFORD ROW. Rev. 
 Thomas Nolan,' M.A., incumbent. 
 
 An Association for the Church Missionary Society, realiz- 
 ing annually from sermons between £60 and ^80, and from 
 benefactions and subscriptions £250. In 1848, a special 
 fund was raised for the jubilee collections, amounting to 
 £485. The Juvenile Missionary Association produces alone 
 £30 annually. The total amount remitted to the parent 
 society exceeds £15,000. 
 
 An Association in Aid of the London Society for Promoting 
 Christianity amongst the Jews remits annually about £30. 
 
 Irish Union Association collects from between £30 to 
 £40 annually, for distribution amongst the religious societies 
 of Ireland. 
 
 The North London Ladies' Association for the Colonial 
 Church Society was formed and is chiefly supported by the 
 congregation. The donations having been very liberal, and 
 the annual sermons generally producing above £60, the ag- 
 gregate amount remitted in nine years has been upwards 
 of £2000. 
 
 An Association in Aid of the London City Mission remits 
 to the parent society nearly £200 per annum, securing for 
 the contiguous districts, the visiting of three or four mis- 
 sionaries from the society. 
 
 The Queen-square Bible Society is only in part supported 
 by this congregation. The sermons produce about £40 
 annually ; and 
 
 The North London Auxiliary for Promoting Female 
 Education in the East is partly supported by an occasional 
 sermon. 
 
 ^ Few, if any, con,i;re};ations, in London, of a like character, have con- 
 tributed more extensively and systematically to the public societies, as 
 well as influenced and carried out local usefulness to a greater extent, than 
 that connected with this place of worship. At the present time, perhaps, the 
 state of the various charities sliould not be taken as the criterion of either 
 what has been their ordinary extent, or how far the same will be sustained 
 or exceeded for the future. The secession from the church of one who, for 
 so many years, was their chief advocate and warm supporter, naturally 
 brought them under the depressive influence of uncertaiuty and change ; 
 but this being overcome, by the prospect now open of a permanent and 
 valuable pastoral ministration, they sustain their eflicieucy, and are re- 
 gaining their usual support. 
 
418 
 
 EXAMPLES OF SiliSfdlfllltnUS. liOCAL ASSOCIATIONS 
 
 Besides these associations are the following schools and 
 other local operations more immediately dependant upon 
 the exertions of the congregation, viz. : — 
 
 The Sunday Schools for religious instruction, occupying 
 the upper galleries of the chapel preceding morning service, 
 instituted, by Mr. Cecil, 1797, instruction being given by 
 about twenty-five members of the congregation to an average 
 attendance of fifty boys, and sixty girls, who are chiefly the 
 children of small tradespeople and others of a respectable 
 class. 
 
 The Sunday and Day Schools, Baldwin's-place, established 
 about 1826. Average attendance on Sunday for many 
 years has been 400, instructed by about 70 members of the 
 congregation. The day school has an average attendance 
 of 100 boys and 60 girls ; and is supported in part by the 
 children's pence. This school is now connected with the 
 Committee of Council on Education ; and the master, who 
 lately passed a most creditable examination, receives pupil 
 teachers. The supplies for meeting the expenditure of the 
 united schools are derived from an income much as follows : 
 annual subscriptions, £160; donations, £100; children's 
 weekly payments, £50 ; collections after sermons, £60 to 
 £70 ; total, about £380. 
 
 The Infant School, established 1828, educates nearly 250 
 children, and is supported by the collection after the annual 
 sermon, by subscriptions and donations, and children's pence; 
 averaging an annual income of about £200. 
 
 District Visiting Association and Ladies' Fund, has been 
 already detailed as an example of such local societies (vide 
 page 130). Total annual income about £250, arising from 
 contributions and collections after sermons. 
 
 Penny Savings' and Working Bank, or Provident Fund, 
 is connected with the schools ; and many of the parents and 
 children are depositors. The entire number of depositors is 
 about 200 ; aided by subscriptions to an extent of ,£35. 
 
 The Sacramental Fund is distributed in small weekly pen- 
 sions to the poor who regularly attend the chapel. This 
 amounts, annually, to about £200. 
 
449 
 
 AND CONGREGATIONAL jiliSCtllaHfllllS. COLLECTIONS. 
 
 CAMDEN CHAPEL, CAMDEN TOWN. Rev. E. P. 
 Hannam, M.A., incumbent. Annual summary of local cha- 
 rities in connexion therewith : — 
 
 Infant Sunday and National Schools. Honorary Secretary, Mr. £ 
 T. W. King. About - - - - - 450 
 
 District Curates' Fund, for the maintenance of an evening ser- 
 vice, and a more adequate pastoral superintendence of the 
 sick and poor. Treasurer, Mr. Ingpen - - - 130 
 
 Church District Visiting Society, for the relief of sick and poor. 
 
 Treasurer, J. Dand, Esq. - - - - 120 
 
 Camden Town Clothing, for providing the poor in the winter 
 
 season. Treasurer, Mrs. Hannam - - - 57 
 
 Camden Town Maternity Society. Treasurer, Mrs. Pocock - 40 
 Camden Town Dispensary (page 67) ... J34 
 
 Camden Town Choral Society. Treasurer, Mr. Yardley - 20 
 
 Camden Town Almshouses, Cfindle, and Coal Fund (page 221). 
 
 SURREY CHAPEL. Rev. James Sherman, minister. 
 
 Among the many useful institutions connected with this 
 chapel, " The Benevolent Society''' stands as principal, both 
 on account of its founder and its present extensive benefits. 
 It was founded in 1 784, by the Rev. Rowland Hill, for admi- 
 nistering to the temporary necessities of the sick poor at their 
 own habitations, without regard to sect or party; it relieves 
 annually about 700 cases of distress. The amount of re- 
 ceipts, including interest on funds, averaging little short of 
 £500. 
 
 '^ An Auxiliary Missionary Society,''' supported by sub- 
 scriptions, donations, and box collections, contributes to the 
 " London Missionary Society " about £700 per annum. 
 
 " Southwark Sunday School Society," established 1799, 
 supports twelve schools, containing above 3,500 children, 
 superintended by 380 teachers, and is chiefly supported by 
 the congregation. As nearly as can be computed 94,000 
 scholars have entered these schools since the time of their 
 formation. 
 
 "A Bible Association," founded 1812, pays annually about 
 .£150 towards the funds of the " Southwark Auxiliary." 
 
 Southwark Auxiliary Religious Tract Society i?, also greatly 
 assisted by the congregation. The Association purchases of 
 the parent society 30,000 tracts and nearly 10,000 small 
 books annually, for distribution or sale at reduced prices. 
 
 29 
 
450 
 
 EXAMPLES OP IMisrtllEHEnilS. local associations. 
 
 School of Industry, founded 1808, for 30 girls, clothed 
 and educated. 
 
 Dorcas Society relieves about 70 persons annually with 
 money, coals, soup, clothes for the infant, &c. 
 
 Female Clothing Society dispenses female clothing at a 
 cheap rate to the holders of subscribers' recommendations, 
 who are entitled to one for every 7s. subscribed. 
 
 Surrey Chapel Almshouses. See page 229, 
 
 Also, various Associations for promoting religious instruc- 
 tion and advice, viz. : — The Christian Instruction Associa- 
 tion ; The Maternal ; The Young Men's Association ; Mutual 
 Improvement, etc. etc. 
 
 The Centenary Fund — to erect new schools in memory of 
 the Rev. Rowland Hill, now amounts to £2000. 
 
 The Jews' Class is generally attended by about twelve 
 young Jews for general instruction ; and 
 
 The Christian Mutual Provident Fund — for relief in sick- 
 ness, granting annuities, sums payable at death, etc., for the 
 benefit of members only, their wives and children. 
 
 CRA VEN CHAPEL. Minister, Rev. Dr. Leifchild. Col- 
 lected for the year 1849 : — 
 
 British Day Schools: 265 boys, 151 girls, 132 infants -^74 17 
 Sabbath Schools: 200 boys, 200 girls, 120 infants 
 Sick Visiting Society, for relieving the sick poor at their 
 own dwellings ..... 
 Dorcas and Infant Friend Society, for half-price cloth- 
 ing, and lying-in-woraen .... 
 Auxiliary to London Missionary Society 
 Youthful Branch of ditto .... 
 Native Teacher in India .... 
 Auxiliary to Home Missionary Society 
 Auxiliary to London City Missionary Society 
 Auxiliary to Christian Instruction Society - . ] 
 
 Religious Tract Society . . . . J ' 
 
 Ladies' Amicable Society ... 
 
 £1i 17 
 
 4 
 
 18 8 
 
 
 
 102 14 
 
 I 
 
 78 13 
 
 6 
 
 144 18 
 
 6 
 
 50 2 
 
 4 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 68 14 
 
 10 
 
 119 
 
 10 
 
 [52 13 
 
 6 
 
 19 3 
 
 3 
 
 ^744 6 2 
 This is exclusive of subscriptions and donations. 
 
451 
 
 REVIEW AND (tyUIirlllSillll, GENERAL SUMMARY, 
 
 AVe here come to the conclusion of the pleasant labours 
 of many mouths, naturally with somewhat of satisfaction, 
 although the feeling is far from being unalloyed. The fear 
 of not having used this opportunity of usefulness aright, or 
 that by some ill-conceived opinion, or inadvertent expres- 
 sion, the appreciation of a deserving charity may suffer, 
 constrains us to close our work in much diffidence, and to 
 review and sum up with fear. 
 
 Nevertheless, we are sure that a glance at the extensive 
 character of the information afforded in the foregoing pages, 
 and a consideration of the variety of sources from which 
 such information must necessarily be sought, will secure 
 credence for the assurance that much application and dili- 
 gence have been demanded for the purpose. This at least we 
 may say, that the time and application devoted to the sub- 
 ject has been most cheerfully afforded, and with a sincere 
 purpose of rendering the book useful, not only to those who 
 require the aid of a metropolitan charity, but to the charities 
 themselves ; desiring that their scope and objects may thus 
 be more extensively made known, and that those to whom a 
 Gracious Providence has entrusted the means, may never be 
 at a loss for a suitable channel in which the current of their 
 benevolence may flow. 
 
 To what an extent our metropolitan charities have been 
 multiplied, and what diversity of objects they are intended 
 to embrace, we have now fully shewn, and it remains for us 
 only to present an abstract of the entire — a summary, in 
 detail, has been already furnished under each chapter ; and 
 to this, reference will be at once satisfactory and interesting, 
 upon any point not sufficiently represented here. 
 
 This summary, it must be borne in mind, does not include 
 local charities, or the charities in the gift of the corporate 
 companies, etc. ; the latter will be found detailed page 19U. 
 
452 
 
 REVIEW AND 
 
 
 €mt 
 
 nsinn 
 
 . 
 
 GENERAL SUMMARY. 
 
 §mm[ 
 
 It 
 
 .a 
 
 Si 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 11 = 2 
 II ^g 
 
 
 lnmmani. 
 
 il 
 
 P 
 
 •Oo2 
 
 3 
 
 
 Income 
 from 
 proper 
 otherw 
 cured. 
 
 1^ 
 
 fa 
 
 General medical hos- 
 
 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 £ 
 
 page 
 
 pitals 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 31,265 
 
 111,641 
 
 4 
 
 Medical charities for 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 special purposes 
 
 38 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 60 
 
 27,974 
 
 68,690 
 
 20 
 
 General dispensaries 
 
 22 
 
 13 
 
 — 
 
 35 
 
 11,470 
 
 2,954 
 
 62 
 
 Preservation of life 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and public morals . 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 12 
 
 8,730 
 
 2,773 
 
 82 
 
 Reclaiming the fallen , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and staying the pro- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 gress of crime . 
 
 14 
 
 4 
 
 — 
 
 18 
 
 16,299 
 
 18,737 
 
 96 
 
 Relief of general des- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 titution and distress 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 14 
 
 20,646 
 
 3,234 
 
 117 
 
 Relief of specified dis- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tress 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 19,473 
 
 10,408 
 
 134 
 
 Aiding the resources 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 of the industrious . 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 14» 
 
 4,677 
 
 2,569 
 
 148 
 
 For the blind, deaf. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and dumb 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 — 
 
 11 
 
 11,965 
 
 22,797 
 
 179 
 
 Colleges, hospitals, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and other asylums 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 for the aged . 
 
 10 
 
 24 
 
 69 
 
 103+ 
 
 5,857 
 
 77,190 
 
 205 
 
 Charitable pension so- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cieties 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 15,790 
 
 3,199 
 
 236 
 
 Charitable and provi- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 dent, chiefly for spe- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cified classes . 
 
 36 
 
 1.5 
 
 3 
 
 74 
 
 19,905 
 
 83,322t 
 
 248 
 
 Asylums for orphans 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and other necessi- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tous children . 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 — 
 
 3111 
 
 55,466 
 
 25,549 
 
 291 
 
 Educational founda- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tions? 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 15,000 
 
 78,112 
 
 328 
 
 Charitablemodem do. 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 4 
 
 4,000 
 
 9,300 
 
 
 
 School societies, reli- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 gious book, Church 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 aiding.and Christian 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ** 
 
 
 visiting, etc. IT . 
 
 36 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 40 
 
 159,853 
 
 158,336 
 
 a'J7 
 
 Bible and missionary 
 
 27 
 
 8 
 
 — 
 
 35 
 
 494,494 
 
 63,068 
 
 405 
 
 Miscellaneous . 
 Total 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 432 
 
 294 
 
 109 
 
 88 
 
 491 
 
 1,022,864 
 
 741,869 
 
 " 
 
 • This is exclusive of Savings' Banks and Loan Societies. Vide p. 173. 
 + Exclusive of Chelsea and Greenwich Hospitals. Vide page 215. 
 t This amount of ^683,322 of course includes " members' payments". 
 II Exclusive of parochial schools. 
 
 § Does not include libraries, modem colleges, or proprietary schools. 
 Vide page 339, etc. 
 
 ^ Irrespective of government grants, or establishment. 
 
 ** This apparently large amount comprehends sale of publications, etc. 
 
453 
 
 OF THE CHARITIES CnHrlHSilUI. of LONDON. 
 
 What an amazing comprehensiveness is here developed in 
 the operations of Christian charity for the relief of suffering 
 and dependent humanity, — how all classes of wretchedness 
 and want are included, — and every description of need, in- 
 firmity, and ignorance, designed to be provided for ! More- 
 over, what means are thus afforded of carrying into effect 
 that which, in the beautiful and feeling language of our 
 English Liturgy, we beseech our Heavenly Father to grant, 
 when we pray of Him — 
 
 " To strengthen such as stand." 
 
 " To comfort and help the weakhearted, and to raise up them that fall." 
 
 " To succour, help, and comfort, all that are in danger, necessity, and 
 tribulation." 
 
 " To preserve all that travel by land or by water, all women labouring 
 of child, all sick persons, and young children"; and 
 
 " To defend, and provide for, the fatherless children and widoivs, and all 
 that are desolate and oppressed." 
 
 How wonderfully does the completeness of the foregoing 
 summary correspond with the need expressed in these peti- 
 tions, presenting to us the opportunity likewise of 
 " Bringing forth the fruits of the Spirit" 
 
 And doubtless this is one of God's gracious ways of 
 answering these prayers, at the same time that He offers a 
 test to our own sincerity and warmth of love, by wisely or- 
 daining that the administration of the comfort and help He 
 designs to afford, shall be through the instrumentality of 
 those who believe in Him. 
 
 Neither can a review of this vast machinery of Christian 
 benevolence, and means of usefulness, embodied in a perma- 
 nent form, be without another gratifying association ; we 
 joyfully acknowledge the increasing evidence it affords of a 
 lively faith, and exercise of Christian love ; as it cannot be 
 doubted that the charities of our land are realli/ the fruits of 
 that sacred principle, that, " he who loveth God loves his 
 brother also"; and that they afford hope of the prevailing 
 acknowledgment and extensive experience amongst us of 
 the constraining love of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. 
 
App. 
 
 454 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Aborigines Protection Society, 434 
 
 Accident Relief Society, 131 
 
 Adelaide, (ftueen), and British Ladies 
 Institution, 32; Dispensaiy, 70; 
 Lying-in Hospital, 32 
 
 AdtQt Orphan Institution, 298 
 
 African Civilization Society, 437; Na- 
 tive Agency Fund, 437 
 
 Aged Christian Society, London, 244 
 
 Aged, Hospitals and Asylums for, 203 
 
 Aged Pilgrims' Asylum, 230; Friend 
 Society, 244 
 
 Aged Poor Society, 243 
 
 Agricultural Orphan School, the, 302 
 
 Aiding the Industrious, Charities for, 
 148 
 
 Aldersgate-street Dispensary, 73 
 
 Aldis, Sir Charles, Glandular Institu- 
 tion, 8 
 
 Alleged Lunatics, the Friends So- 
 ciety, 56 
 
 Alleyn's, Edward, Foundation of Dul- 
 wich, 212 ; Almshouses, 220-221 
 
 Almshouses, summary of, 205 ; gene- 
 ral account of, 219 
 
 Amesbury's, Joseph, Spinal Institu- 
 tion, 44 
 
 Amyas' Almshouses, 220 
 
 Ancient Britons, Honourable and 
 Loyal Society of, 308 
 
 Animals Friend Society, (the late), 441 
 
 Animals, Society for the Prevention of 
 Cruelty to, 86 
 
 Anniversary Festival of the Sons of the 
 Clergy, 250 ; of the Patrons of 
 Charity Schools, 317 
 
 Annuities rendered available to Go- 
 vernesses, 260 ; Servants, 265 
 
 Annuity Societies, see Pensions 239 
 
 Apothecaries, Chaaities and Gifts un- 
 der the management of Company 
 of, 193 
 
 Apprenticeship Fee Funds, referred 
 to, 167 ; Clergy Orphan, 294 
 
 Apprenticing Poor Children, Fellowes 
 Charity for, 168; of Herefordshire 
 Parents, 169; of Somersetshire 
 Parents, 169; of Worcestershire 
 Parents, 169; of Wiltshire Pa- 
 rents, 170 
 
 Armourers and Braziers' Company, 
 Charities in the gift of, 193; Alms- 
 houses, 220 
 
 Army Medical, Friendly Society, 264 ; 
 OflBcers' Benevolent Society, 264 
 
 Army, Chelsea Hospital for, 215 
 
 Arneway's Charity, 167 
 
 Artists' Benevolent Fund, 257 
 
 Artists' Gi'neral Benevolent Institu- 
 tion, 258 
 
 Ashton's Charity for Relief of Poor 
 Clergymen, 253 
 
 Aske's Charity School, 224 ; Hospital, 
 224 
 
 Associate Fund or Ministers Friend. 
 255 
 
 Associate Institution for Protection of 
 Women, 106 
 
 Associated Catholic Charities, the, 321 
 
 Association for the Aid and Protection 
 of Dressmakers and Milliners, 162 
 
 Association for the Relief of the Poor 
 of the City of London and Parts 
 adjacent, 122 
 
 Association for the Relief of Destitu- 
 tion by means of Parochial and 
 District Visiting, 126 
 
 Associations, the Extent of Local, 444 
 
 Asthma Infirmary, for, see also Con- 
 sumption, 24 
 
 Asylum for Idiots, 56 
 
 Asylum for the Support and Education 
 of Indigent Deaf and Dumb Chil- 
 dren, 187 
 
 Asylum for Worthy Aged and Decayed 
 Freemasons, 231 
 
 Asylums (Educational) for Orphans 
 and others, 293 
 
455 
 
 Bib. 
 
 %hx. 
 
 Bri. 
 
 Asylums and Almshouses IbrtheAged, 
 
 253 
 Australia, Bishopric of, 420 
 Ayres' Almshouses, 219 
 
 Badger's Almshouses, 220 
 
 Bagnigge Wells Model Buildings, 87 
 
 Bakers Company, charities in the 
 gift of, 193 ; Almshouses, 221 
 
 Bancroft's Almshouses, 220 ; Hospital 
 School, 305 
 
 Banks, see Savings Banks, 176; also 
 Penny Banks, 177 
 
 Baptist College, 342 
 
 Baptist Mission Society, 410 ; various 
 Mission Societies, 420 
 
 Baptist Union, 420 
 
 Barbers' Company, charities in the 
 giftof, 193 
 
 Baremere's Almshouses, 220 
 
 Barkham's, Mr., Fund for Incurable 
 Lunatics, 53 
 
 Baths and Washhouses, 89 
 
 Bathursts (H. A.) Plan for Children's 
 Hospital, 36 
 
 Bayham-street Almshouses, 227 
 
 Beaufoy's, Henry, gifts to Citv school, 
 350 
 
 Bedford's, Duke of, Early patronage 
 of British schools, 361. 
 
 Begging Letter Inquiry, Mendicity 
 Office, 118 
 
 Bell's. Dr., first efforts on behalf of 
 Education, 360 ; Munificent Be- 
 quest of, 362 
 
 Benefit Societies, Charitable and Pro- 
 vident, 247 
 
 Benefit Societies' Asylum, Metropoli- 
 tan, 233 
 
 Benevolent and provident institutions, 
 remarks upon, 272 
 
 Benevolent Institution, National, 236 
 
 Benevolent Institution, North and 
 East London, 241 
 
 Benevolent Repository, London, 442 
 
 Benevolent Society of Blues, 289 
 
 Benevolent Society of St Patrick, 310 
 
 Bethlehem Hospital, 52; Barkham 
 Fund, .53 ; the Old Hospital, note 
 to, 52 
 
 Bethnal-gi-een Almshouses, 220 ; Dis- 
 pensary, 70 
 
 Betton's Bequest for Slaves, 197 
 
 Bibles, total number of copies, or parts 
 of, circulated, note to, 407; Dis- 
 tribution on the Thames, 390; 
 Distribution throughout London, 
 388 
 
 Bible and Missionary Societies, 403 
 
 Bible Society, British and Foreign, 
 405; total amount expended, 404; 
 
 Auxiliaries, Number of, and Asso- 
 ciations, 406 
 
 Bible Society, Naval and Military, 408 
 
 Bible Society, the Trinitarian, 407 
 
 Bishop's boys,WestminsterCollege,336 
 
 Bishopries' (Colonial) Fund, 4 19 
 
 Bishops' Court Dispensary, 65 
 
 Blenheim-street Free Dispensary, 65 
 
 Blind, charities for, 179; Came's cha- 
 rity for, 186; Grainger's Pensions, 
 194 ; Hetherington s Charity, 183 ; 
 Jewish Persuasion, 145; Painters' 
 Charity to the, 185; Indigent, Vi- 
 siting Society, 180; employed as 
 organists, 183 
 
 Blind Man's Friend (the), 184 
 
 Blind, School for the Indigent, 182 
 
 Blind, Teaching the, to read, 18'J 
 
 Bloomsbury Dispensary, 64 
 
 Blue Coat School, Christ's Hospital, 
 331 
 
 Blue-coat School, Westminster, 318 
 
 Blues, the Benevolent Society of, 289 
 
 Bolton's (Duke of) origin of Marine 
 Society, 314 
 
 Book-binders' Pension Society, 274 ; 
 Provident Asylum Society, 274 
 
 Booksellers' Provident Institution, 
 271 ; Retreat, 271 
 
 Book Society for Promoting Religious 
 Knowledge among the Poor, 373 
 
 Boone's Almshouses, 221 
 
 Boot and Shoemakers' Provident In- 
 stitution, 285 
 
 Borough-road British Schools, 361 and 
 363 
 
 Bounty, Queen Anne's, 249 
 
 Bowerman's (Mrs.) Distribution for 
 Poor Widows, 332 
 
 Bowes' (Sir M.) and others, gifts to 
 Goldsmiths, 196 
 
 Bowvers' Company, exhibitions in the 
 gift of, 193 
 
 Bowver's& Strahan's gifts to Printers, 
 200 
 
 Brassfounders' Pension Institution, 
 279 
 
 Bray's (Dr.) Institution, 340 
 
 Bray (Dr.) founderof various societies, 
 340 
 
 Brewers' Clerks' Annuity Fund, 286 
 
 Brewers' Company, Almshouses in 
 trust of, 221 ; other chaiities in 
 the gift of, 193 
 
 Bridewell Hospital, 107; remarks on 
 the insertion of, 96 ; origin of, 107 
 
 Bridge-street Infii-mary for Diseases 
 of the Skin, 47 
 
 British and Foreign Anti-slavery So- 
 ciety, 434 
 
 British and Foreign Bible Society, 405 
 
456 
 
 Can. 
 
 'Mhx. 
 
 Chel. 
 
 British and Foreign Sailors' Society, 
 389 
 
 British and Foreign School Society, 
 363; Origin of, 361 
 
 British ami Foreign Temperance So- 
 ciety, 92 
 
 British and Foreign Town Missionary 
 Society, 388 
 
 British and Foreign Unitarian Asso- 
 ciation, 441 
 
 British Beneficent Institution, 242 
 
 British Endeavour (the old), referred 
 to, 316 
 
 British Hairdressers' Benevolent and 
 Provident Institution, 288 
 
 British Ladies' Institution (Queen Ade- 
 laide), 32 
 
 British Ladies' Female Emigrant So- 
 ciety, 160 
 
 British Ladies' Society, 110 
 
 British Lying-in Hospital, 28 
 
 British Orphan Asylum, 298 
 
 British Penitent Female Refuge, 102 
 
 British Philanthropic Pension Soci- 
 ety, 240 
 
 British Reformation Society, 377 
 
 British Society for Propagating Gos- 
 pel among the Jews, 428 
 
 Bromley College, 214 
 
 Brompton and Belgrave Dispensary, 
 138 
 
 Brownlow.street Lying-in Hospital, 28 
 
 Brunswick Maritime Establishment, 
 138 
 
 Builders' Benevolent Institution, 288 
 
 Burlington Charity School, 319 
 
 Burton-crescent Dispensary, 66 
 
 Butchers' Almshouses, 282 
 
 Butchers' Chai-itable Institution, 281 
 
 Butchers' Company, charities in the 
 gift of, 193 
 
 Butler's Almshouses, 221 
 
 Byrne's Natal Emigration Scheme,158 
 
 Cabbe ll's, Mr. B. B., gift to the Fis- 
 tula Infirmary, 44 
 
 Caledonian Asylum, 308 
 
 Cam's, Mrs. Ann, bequest to Clergy 
 Orphans, 293; fund for Poor Cler- 
 gymen, 2ol 
 
 Camberwell Free Grammar School,337 
 
 Camden Chapel local Charities, 449 
 
 Camden Town Dispensary, 67; and 
 Kentish Town Almshouses, 221 
 
 Camden, 'Viscount, bequests for Exhi- 
 bitions, 330; bequest to Mercers, 
 198 
 
 Game's bequest for Clergymen's 
 ■Widows, 194; for the Blind, 186; 
 for the Deaf and Dumb, 186 
 
 Camp's Almshouses, 221 
 
 Canada (Upper) Bishopric of, 420 
 
 Canada (Upper) Gospel Society's Mis- 
 sion to, 410 
 
 Cancer 'Ward, Middlesex Hospital, 13; 
 Hospital for Women, 34 
 
 Canterbmy Settlement, New Zealand, 
 159 ; further refeiTed to, 1 78 
 
 Cape of Good Hope, Bishopric of, 420 
 
 Cai-ey-street Dispensary, 66 
 
 Carey's, Dr., bequest to Westminster 
 school, 337 
 
 Caron's Almshouses, 221 
 
 Carpenters' Company, charities in 
 trust of the, 193 
 
 Carpenter's, John, endowment for City 
 school, 349 
 
 CarshaltonConvalescentInstitution,48 
 
 Cataract, see Ophthalmic Institutions. 
 
 Catholic charities (Roman), 321 
 
 Central London Ophthalmic Hospital, 
 41 
 
 Challoner's, Miss, Loan Fund at Tun- 
 bridge Wells, 172 
 
 Chandler's, the Tallow, Benevolent 
 Society, 288 
 
 Chandos-street Ophthalmic Hospital, 
 39 
 
 Chapel Building Ftmd,lhe Congrega- 
 tional, 382 
 
 Charingcross Hospital, 13 
 
 Charitable Fund and Dispensary, 72 
 
 Charitable and Provident Society for 
 the Deaf and Dumb, 187 
 
 Charitable Purposes, Society for, 442 
 
 Charitable bequests, Remarks upon, 
 204-5 ; form of bequest, 443 
 
 Charitable Corporation, the old, 171 
 
 Charities attached to theCongregations 
 of Churches, Chapels, etc., 444 
 
 Charities and Gills under the manage- 
 ment of the City Corporation, 190 
 
 Charity School of the whole parish of 
 St.-Marylebone, 320 
 
 Charity Schools, Anniversary of the 
 Patrons of, 317 
 
 Charity schools referred to, 316 
 
 Charlotte-street General Ljring-in and 
 Sick Dispensary, 33; Provident 
 Dispensary, 63 
 
 Charter-house, the, 209; Memoirofthe 
 founder, 210; referred to as a 
 Foundation school, 337 
 
 Charter-house square Infirmary, 44 
 
 Cheesemongers' Benevolent Institu- 
 tion, 282 
 
 Chelsea Royal Hospital, 215; Mili- 
 tary school, 302 
 
 Chelsea Parochial Distribution, 202 
 
 Chelsea, Brompton, and Belgrave Dis- 
 pensary, 77 
 
 Cheltenham School of Industry refer- 
 
457 
 
 Chu. 
 
 ^nki. 
 
 Coa. 
 
 red to, 298 ; Training School re- 
 ferred to, 369 
 
 Chest, Diseases of the (see " Spine", 
 " Consumption"). 
 
 Children, Royal Infirmary for, 35; 
 contemplated Hospital for, S-'i 
 
 Cholera Orphans, see note to Infant 
 Orphans, 301; Home for, 302 
 
 Cholmley, Sir Roger's, foundation for 
 Grammar school, 335 
 
 Cholmondley Trust, the, 201 
 
 Choral Fund, 5:63 
 
 Christ's Hospital, 331-3 ; errata for Gre- 
 cians, (12 not 16); Qualification 
 of Governor, see errata ; Privilege 
 of Lord Mayor and Aldermen, 
 see errata; and in page 333, dele 
 " and Mr. F. W. Goldsmith", and 
 insert writing-masters Messrs. 
 Griggs and Bowker, (omitted). 
 
 Christ's Hospital, Hetherington's cha- 
 rity, 183 ; Benevolent Society of 
 Blues, 289 
 
 Christian Association for Toung Men, 
 401 
 
 Christian Influence Society, 376 
 
 Christian Union Almshouses, 231 
 
 Christian Female Servants' Registry, 
 165 
 
 Christian Instruction, Societyfor pro- 
 moting, 387 
 
 Christian Knowledge, Promotion of 
 identified with National Educa- 
 tion, 355 
 
 Christian Knowledge, Society for the 
 Promotion of, 371 ; annual issues 
 of, 373 
 
 Church Brief (old) superseded, 267 
 
 Church Education, see chapter xvi ; 
 for Ireland, 422 
 
 Church extension fund, 381 
 
 Church Missionary Society, 412; its 
 auxiliaries, 413 ; total income, 404; 
 Church of England Young Men's 
 Society for, 40l 
 
 Church Pastoral Aid, 383 ; Church of 
 England's Yotmg Men's Society 
 for, 401 
 
 Church and Chapel collections, ex- 
 amples of, 444 
 
 Churches and Chapels, Commissi- 
 oners for building additional, 380; 
 Metropolitan Fund, 381 ; Incor- 
 porated Church and Chapel Soci- 
 ety, 379; Number of districts re. 
 quiring new, 382; Parliamentary 
 Return of the buUding of, 380; 
 Southwark fund fur, 383 
 
 Church of England Society Propa- 
 gating Christian Education in 
 Syria, 430 
 
 Church of England Metropolitan 
 Training Institution,368 
 
 Church of England Scripture Readers' 
 Association, 385 
 
 Church of England Sunday School 
 Institute, 399 
 
 Church of England Village Institu- 
 tion, Plan for, 150 
 
 Church of England Young Men's So- 
 ciety, 400 
 
 Church of Scotland Foreign Missions, 
 416 
 
 City Dispensary, 73 ; Western, 75 
 
 City General Pension Society, 238 
 
 City Kitchen, the, 122 
 
 City Lying-in Hospital, 28 
 
 City Mission, London, 388 ; first Rag- 
 ged school, of, 391 
 
 City Truss Society, 45 
 
 City School, the, 349 
 
 City of London companies, list of, 191; 
 aggregate value of charitable gifts, 
 193 
 
 City of London and East London Dis- 
 pensary, 73 
 
 City of London Hospital for Diseases 
 of the Chest, 25 
 
 City of London School, 349 ; Ditto for 
 Orphans, 350 
 
 Civilization Societies, 437 
 
 Clergy, Anniversary Festival of the 
 Sons of, 250 ; Corporation of the 
 Sons of the, 250; Ori^han and 
 Widow Corporation, 249 ; Orphan 
 Society, Incorporated, 293; Ap- 
 prenticing Fund, 294 ; amount col- 
 lected for Orphan School, at St. 
 Paul's, 318 
 
 Clergy Widows, Bromley college for, 
 214 ; Game's bequest to, 194 ; the 
 London Widows' Fund, 252 
 
 Clergymen, (see also Dissenting Mi- 
 nisters) Ashton charities for relief 
 of, 253 ; Cholmondeley trust, 202 ; 
 Stock's distribution, 199; Por- 
 teus' Annual Donation, 253 ; So- 
 ciety for the Relief of Poor Pious, 
 251 ; Fund of the Church of Eng- 
 land Fire Assurance, 254 
 
 Clerical aid fund, 383 
 
 Clerical Education aid Fund, 386 
 
 Clerks, see Brewers' clerks, 286 
 
 Clerks' Mutual Benefit Association, 
 269 ; Society, United Law, 269 
 
 Clockmakers' Company, charities in 
 the gift of, 193 
 
 Cloth workers' Company, Charities in 
 the gift of, 193 ; Almshouses, 226 
 
 Club Foot and other Contractions, 
 Hospital for, 42 ; method of treat- 
 ment, 42 
 
458 
 
 Con. 
 
 Coach Proprietors' Provident fund 
 286 
 
 Cochrane's (Mr.) Soup Kitchen, 123; 
 Poor Man's Friend Society, 149 
 
 Coke (Rev. Thomas) amongst the first 
 founders of Wesleyan Missions, 
 414 
 
 Colet's (Dean) endowmentof St. Paul's 
 Sch0(jl, 328 ; testimony of Eras- 
 mus to the character of, 3i8; rea- 
 sons in appointment of trustees, 
 329 
 
 Colleges for the Aged, 207 
 
 Collegiate Establishments for Educa- 
 tion, 325 ; modern ditto, 341 
 
 Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum, 55 
 
 Colonial Bishopric fund ,419 ; contri- 
 buted to by Christian Knowledge 
 society, 373 ; 
 
 Colonial Church Society, 418; Church 
 of England young men's society 
 for, 401 
 
 Colonial Missions of the Gospel So- 
 ciety, 410; Colonial Mission So- 
 ciety (Congregational), 422 
 
 Colonial Land and Emigration board, 
 (note) 153 
 
 Colonization and Emigi-ation, 152 
 
 Colonization School fund, 155 
 
 Commercial Travellers' Society, 285 ; 
 Necessitous Institution, 285 ; 
 School, 313 
 
 Commercial Schools, Metropolitan In- 
 stitution for the Institution of, 
 442 
 
 Committee of Council on Education, 
 358; comprehensiveness of plans, 
 357 
 
 Commissioners under the Act 58 Geo- 
 III, c. 45, for BuUdiug additional 
 Churches, 380 
 
 Companies of the City of London, list 
 of, 191 
 
 Congregational Board of Education, 
 371; Chapel Building fund, 382; 
 Colleges, 341 ; fund Board, 421 ; 
 Normal Schools, 371 _ 
 
 Congregational School, 351 
 
 Congregational Union, 421 
 
 Congregational collections, examples 
 of, 444 
 
 Consumption and Diseases of the 
 Chest, Hospital for, 23 ; Infirma- 
 ries and Dispensaries for, 24; 
 West London Institution for, 442 
 
 Consumptive Patients, decrease of 
 deaths of, 23 
 
 Continental Missionary Society, 416 
 
 Convalescent Institution, tlie Metro- 
 politan, 48; Loss of large legacy, 
 49 
 
 :Sniifx. 
 
 Def, 
 
 Cooks' Almshouses, 221 
 
 Cooks' Company, charities in the gift 
 of, 194 
 
 Coopers' Company, charities in the 
 gilt of, 194 ; Almshouses, 221 
 
 Coram, (Capt. Tliomas), founder of 
 FoundJing Hospital, 90 
 
 Cordwainers' charitj- to the Blind, 186; 
 charities in the gift of, 194 
 
 Cork-street Eye Infirmary, 39 
 
 Cottage Allotment System referred to, 
 151 
 
 Cottage, the school society, 396 
 
 Cotterell's Almshouses, 222 
 
 Council, Committee of, on Education, 
 358 
 
 County Benefit societies, 169 
 
 Coventry (Thomas) charity to the 
 Blind, 183 
 
 Covent-garden Theatrical Fund, 276 
 
 Coward college, 341 
 
 Craven Chapel, Summary of the Cha- 
 rities of, 449 
 
 Crime and Criminals, chapter on, 95 
 
 Cruelty to animals, Martin's act for 
 prevention of, 86 ; Boyal Society 
 for, 86 
 
 Criminals, Institutions for the Refor- 
 mation of, 107 ; Philanthropic So- 
 ciety for tlie Children of, 109 
 
 Cumberland Benevolent Institution, 
 245 
 
 Curates, Society for Promoting the 
 Employment of Additional, 384 
 
 Cure's Almshouses, 221 
 
 Cure's (Thomas) foundation of St. Sa- 
 viour's School, 334 
 
 Currier's Company, charities in the 
 gift of, 194 
 
 Curriers' Benevolent Institution, 289 
 
 Curtis's Ear dispensary, 41 
 
 Cutlers' Company, charities in the gift 
 of, 194; Almshouses, 221 
 
 Dacee's (Lady) Emanuel College, 208 
 Dancer' .s Provident society, 277 
 Davis's Almshouses, 222 
 Day's charity to the Blind, 184 
 Deaf and Dumb, charities for, 179; 
 
 earlv instances of the treatment 
 
 of, 187; Game's charity to, 186; 
 
 Charitable and Provident Society, 
 
 188 
 Deaf ChiIdren,Asylimj for the Support 
 
 and Education of, 187 
 Deaf, Institution for the Employment 
 
 and Religious Instruction of the 
 
 Adult, 189 
 Deaf, Royal Dispensary for the, 41 
 Debtors' Relief society, 136 
 Defunct Societies, list of, 448 
 
459 
 
 Dom. 
 
 %nhx. 
 
 Degrees to Students, London Univer- 
 sity for granting, 346 
 
 Destitute Females, Eoyal Asylum for, 
 112; the Eeluge for the Destitute, 
 111 
 
 Destitute, Homes for the, 119 
 
 Destitute, Sailors' Asylum, 137 
 
 Destitution and Distress, charities for 
 relief of, 115 
 
 Dickenson's Marriage portions, 168 
 
 Dixon (Mr. H.) on the prisons of 
 London, referred to, 96 
 
 Diocesan Board of Education referred 
 to, 364 
 
 Diseases of the Chest, medical chari- 
 ties for, 24 
 
 Diseases of Children, Infirmaries and 
 contemplated Hospital for, 35 
 
 Diseases of the Ear, Dispensaries for, 
 41 
 
 Diseases of the Eye, see Ophthalmic 
 Institutions 
 
 Diseases of the Skin, Infirmaries and 
 Dispensaries for, 47; West Lon- 
 don Free Dispensary for, 442; 
 Dispensary forEingworm, 442 
 
 Diseases of Women, Hospital for, 34 
 
 Diseases of the Kectum, Infirmary for, 
 44 
 
 Diseases and Distortions of the Spine, 
 Chest, Hips, etc., Institution for,43 
 
 Dispensaries, general remarks respect- 
 ing, 61 ; statistics of, 62 ; the first 
 established, 61 ; testimony to their 
 value, 61 
 
 Dispensaries for General Purposes, 62 
 
 Dispensaries for Special Purposes, 24 
 
 Dissenters' Library, 340 
 
 Dissenters' new coUege, 341 
 
 Dissenting Ministers' Evangelical 
 Magazine, Fund for the Widows 
 of, 265; Friend, the, 255; Protes- 
 tant Union for, 255; Society for 
 the Reliefof DistressedWidows of, 
 254; Society for the Relief of the 
 Aged and Infirm Protestant, 255 
 
 Distress, Societies for diminishing, 148 
 
 Distressed, Societies for the relief of 
 the, 115 
 
 Distressed, Visiting societies for relief 
 of the, 125 ; remarks upon, 117 
 
 District Visiting, examples of local so- 
 cieties, 128; Associations, value 
 of, 117; General Society for Pro- 
 moting, 126; the Association for 
 promoting, 126; local societies, 
 127; societies for religious pur- 
 poses only, 385 and 387 
 
 Domestic Mission, the, 387 
 
 Domestic Servants, number of in the 
 metropolis, 166; general benevo- 
 
 Emi. 
 
 lent institution, (see also ser- 
 vants), 167 
 
 Drapers' Company, charities in the 
 gift of, 194; Almshouses under 
 the management of, 222 
 
 Dreadnought Hospital, 20 
 
 Dressmakers and Milliners', associa- 
 for the aid of, 162; provident in- 
 stitution, 162 
 
 Di-ury-lane Theatrical fund, 276 
 
 Dulwich College, 212; Gallery, 213; 
 Almshouses, 221 
 
 Dukinfield's (Sir Henry) public baths 
 act, 90 
 
 Dutch Almshouses, 222 
 
 Dulwich Gallery, 213 
 
 Dyers' Company, charities in the gift 
 of, 195 ; Almshouses, 222 
 
 Eae, Eoyal Dispensary for Diseases 
 of the, 41 
 
 Ear and Eye Infirmary, the Metropo- 
 litan, 41 
 
 Early Closing Association, 91 
 
 East India Almshouses, 222 
 
 East London Genereil Pension Society, 
 238 
 
 East London Pension Society, 239 
 
 East London Irish schools, 321 
 
 EastLondon Model Lodging house,I19 
 
 Eastern Dispensary, 70 
 
 Eclectic Society, the, referred to,412 
 
 Edmondson's Almshouses, 222 
 
 Education, Committee of Council on, 
 358; Congregational Board of, 371; 
 London Diocesan Board of, 370; 
 Irish Societies, 422; see also Na- 
 tional; first introduction of teach- 
 ing into England, 326; the influ- 
 ence of the Reformation upon,327; 
 Bell and Lancaster's system. 360 ; 
 amoimt of parliamentary vote for, 
 358; statistics of Metropolitan 
 Church schools, 365 
 
 Educational charities, 291 ; orphan 
 asylums, 293; general asvlimas, 
 304; Clerical aid Fund, 386; So- 
 cieties and Boards, 357 
 
 Educational Foundations, 325 ; cause 
 of presentprosperity,note to, 327; 
 summary of in London, 328 
 
 Edwards' Almshouses, 223 
 
 Electric and Galvanic Institution, 422 
 
 Elizabeth's (Queen) college, 208 
 
 Emanuel College, 209 ; Hospital 
 School, 210 
 
 Embroiderers' Company, charities in 
 the gift of, 195 
 
 Emigrant Female Fund, 159 ; Ladies' 
 Female Society, 160 ; Ragged 
 School Fund, 396 
 
460 
 
 Fie. 
 
 Mn. 
 
 Emigration, various schemes for, 152; 
 Rate Act, 155; statistics respect- 
 ing, 166 
 Emigration Society, National Benevo- 
 lent, the, 157 
 Emigration to Natal, 158; New Zea- 
 land, 159 and 178 
 Emigration School Fund, 155 
 Endell-street Lying-in Hospital, 28 
 Endowed Charities, general remarks 
 upon, 204; one cause of present 
 prosperity of, 327 
 Endowments and Trusts, the, of City 
 
 companies, 190 
 English Monthly Tract Society, 375 
 Establishment for Gentlewomen dur- 
 ing lUness, 60 
 Eton Benevolent Fund, 289 
 European Missionary Society, 416 
 Evangelical Alliance, the, 432 
 Evangelical Magazine Fund, 255 
 Evangelical Voluntary Church Asso- 
 ciation, 442 
 Eye (see Ophthalmic institutions). 
 
 Farringdon General Dispensary, 74 
 
 Fellowes' Charity for apprenticing 
 poor children, 195 
 
 Feltmakers' Company, charities in the 
 gift of, 195 
 
 Female Aid Society, 103 
 
 Female Education in the East, 415 
 
 Female Emigration Fund, 159 ; Emi- 
 grant Society, 160 
 
 Female Inva]ids,Home for Confirmed, 
 49 ; Asylum, 48 
 
 Females, London Society for the Pro- 
 tection of Young, 103 ; South Lon- 
 don Institute, 106 
 
 Female Mission, London (the late),195 
 
 Female Orphan Asylum, 294; (see 
 also Orphan Asylums.) 
 
 Female Penitents, societies for, 294; 
 Penitentiary, London, 101 ; St. 
 Marylebone, 105 ; British Refuge, 
 the, 102 
 
 Female Penitentiaries, present accom- 
 modation of, 96 
 
 Female population, statistics of, 159 
 
 Female Prisoners, Refuge for, 110; 
 Ladies' Society for the Reforma- 
 tion of, 110 
 
 Female Servants' Home Society, 163 ; 
 National Guardian Institution for, 
 164; Provisional Protection, So- 
 ciety for, 164 (see also Servants) ; 
 Home, and Registry for, 104 ; the 
 Christian Register for, 165; St. 
 John's School, for training of, 307 
 
 Fever Hospital, London, 22 
 
 Field -lane Ragged School, 394 
 
 Fru. 
 
 Fielding's (Sir John) Establishment 
 for Orphan Girls, 294; original 
 plan for Marine Society, 314 
 
 Fine Arts, Dealers in, Benevolent In- 
 stitution, 273 
 
 Finsbury Dispensary, 72 
 
 Finsbury and Shoreditoh Benevolent 
 Institution, 241 
 
 Fire, Royal Society for the Protection 
 of Life from, 84 
 
 Fire Escapes, Public, summary of 
 usefulness of, in London, 85 
 
 Fisher's Almshouses, 228 
 
 Fishermen (shipwrecked) and Mari- 
 ners' Benevolent Society, 139 
 
 Fishmongers' Company, charities in 
 the gift of, 195 ; Almshouses, 223 
 
 Fishmongers' and Poulterers' Institu. 
 tion, 282 
 
 Fistula Infirmary, the, 44 
 
 Flaherty's and Andrews' scholarships, 
 the, 343 
 
 Floating Church Society, London 
 Episcopal, 390 
 
 Flood's Charitable Distribution, 202 
 
 Food and shelter, institutions for 
 affording, 115 
 
 Fore-street Dispensary, 72 
 
 Foreign Aid Society, 416 
 
 Foreigners in Distress, Society of 
 Friends of, 141 
 
 Form of charitable bequest, 442 
 
 Fothergill's (Dr.) connexion with the 
 Humane Society, 83 
 
 Focmdling Hospital, 96; chapel of, 
 note to, 97 ; estates, value of, 97 ; 
 Benevolent Fund, 290 
 
 Founders' Charitable Fund, 195 
 
 Fox's (Mr. J. W.) Education BUI, re- 
 ferred to, 357 
 
 Framework Knitters, jharities in the 
 gift of, 195 ; Almshouses, 223 
 
 France, Temporary Fund for British 
 Workpeople, 439 
 
 Frederick Town, Bishopric of, 420 
 
 Free Dispensary, Blenheim-street, 64 
 
 Free Hospital, the Royal, 14 
 
 Free Hospital for Women and Chil- 
 dren, 34 
 
 Freemasons (see Masons). 
 
 Free Watermen and Lightermen's 
 Almshouses, 233 
 
 French Benevolent Society, 143 ; 
 Protestant School, 307 ; Protestant 
 Almshouses, 223; Hospital for 
 Protestants, 141 
 
 Friend in Need Society, 131 
 
 Friendly Female Society, 243 
 
 Friendly Loan Society (the late), 171 
 
 Frugality Banks,original designation 
 of, 175 
 
461 
 
 Gro. 
 
 ^nhx. 
 
 Hoi. 
 
 Fry (Mrs. Elizabeth) memorial to,112 
 Fuller's Almshouses, 223 
 Furniture Brokers' Benevolent Insti- 
 tution, 280 
 
 Gabdenebs' Benevolent Institution, 
 289 
 
 Gat«s of Hope, and other charity 
 schools, 322 
 
 General Domestic Servants' Benevo- 
 lent Institution, 167 
 
 General Post Office Sub-sorters' Pen- 
 sion Institution, 286 
 
 General Society for Promoting District 
 Visiting, 126 
 
 General Theatrical Fund Association, 
 276 
 
 Gent's, Egbert, Almshouses, 222 
 
 German Evangelical Mission, 431 ; 
 Hospital, 21; Sanatorium, 22; 
 Convalescent Fund, 22; Society 
 of Benevolence, 143 ; School, 321 
 
 Girdlers' Company, Almshouses of 
 the, 223; charities in the gift of, 
 196 
 
 Gibraltar Bishopric, 420 
 
 Glandular Diseases, Institution for 
 the cure and relief of, 46 
 
 Glass-sellers' Company, charities in 
 the gift of, 196 
 
 Glaziers Company, charities in the 
 gift of, 196 
 
 Gold and Silver Wire Drawers' Com- 
 pany, charities in the gift of, 196 
 
 Goldsmiths' Benevolent Institution, 
 276 
 
 Goldsmiths' Company, charities in the 
 gift of, 196 ; Almshouses, 223 
 
 Governesses' Benevolent Society, 260 ; 
 Asylum, 261 ; Home, 260 ; Queen's 
 College, 347; Temporal^ Resi- 
 dence for, 264 
 
 Graham's Almshouses, 224 
 
 Grainger, Bequest to the Blind, 194 
 
 Grammar Schools, 325 ; ancient date 
 of, 316 ; further referred to, 326 ; 
 list of nominal, 338 
 
 Grant's, Lady, Bequest to Clergy Or- 
 phans, 293 
 
 Greenwich, Royal Hospital, 215; 
 Royal Hospital Schools, 315 
 
 Green Coat Hospital, 318 
 
 Gresham Almshouses, 224 ; College 
 Lectures, 339 
 
 Gresham's, Sir Thomas, Agreement 
 for Mercers' School, 330; Holt 
 Grammar School, 195 ; various 
 bequests, 198 
 
 Grey Coat Hospital, 319 
 
 Grocers' Company, charities in the 
 gift of, 196 
 
 Grocers' and Tea-dealers' Benevolent 
 Protection Society, 281 
 
 Guardian Society, 101 
 
 Guy* s Hospital, 9 ; origin of fortune 
 of founder, 200; his bequest for 
 Hospital, 9; and bequest to Sta- 
 tioners, 200; Hunt's bequest to 
 Hospital, 9 
 
 Haberdashebs" Benevolent Institu- 
 tion, 284 
 Haberdashers' Company, charities in 
 
 the gift of, 197; Almshouses, 224 
 Hackney Refuge for Destitute, lU 
 Hair-dressers' Benevolent, 288 
 Hand-in-Hand Charitable, 145 
 Hans Town School of Industry, 306 
 Hanway's, Jonas, commencement of 
 
 Marine Society, 314 
 HanweU Pauper Lunatic Asylum, 45 
 Harris's Bequest to the Blind, 183 
 Harrison's Spinal Institution, 44 
 Harwar's Almshouses, 224 
 Hasilwood's Foimdation for Alms- 
 houses, 225 
 Hatton's, Lady, bequests referred to, 
 
 219 
 Hawes and Cogan, Drs., early promo- 
 ters of the Royal Humane Society, 
 83 
 Hay, Atte, gifts to Goldsmiths', 196 
 Heath's Almshouses, 224 
 Heather's Trust, 193 
 Herefordshire Society, 169 
 Hernia, societies for relief of, 45 
 Herve, Peter, foundation of National 
 
 Benevolent Institution, 236 
 Hetherington's benefactions to Brom- 
 ley College, 214; (Rev. William) 
 Charily to the Blind, 183 
 Hibernian Societies (see Ireland) 
 Hickson's Grammar School, 338 
 Highbury College, 341 ; change of oc- 
 cupancy of, 368 
 Highgate Grammar School, 335 
 Highland Society of London referred 
 
 to, 309 
 Highland School Society, Royal, 426 
 Hill's, Richard, foundation for Alms- 
 houses, 226 ; gift to Merchant 
 Tailors' School, 333 
 Hill's, Rev. R., Almshouses, 229 
 Hill s, Henry, Almshouses, 224 
 Hillier's Almshouses, 225 
 Hinton's Almshouses, 225 
 Holditch's Bequests for Apprenticing, 
 
 332 
 Holies' Almshouses, 225 
 HoUoway School Fund, the 344 
 HoUoway and North Islington Dis- 
 pensary, 68 
 
462 
 
 Ind. 
 
 Mkt 
 
 Jen. 
 
 Holy Scripture essential in education, 
 357 
 
 Home and Registry for female ser- 
 vants, 104; Home for friendless 
 young females, 104; for penitent 
 females, 104 
 
 Home and Colonial Infant School 
 Society, 367 
 
 Home forconfirmed Female Invalids, 
 49 
 
 Home Missionary, 421 
 
 Homerton College, 341 
 
 Homily Society, Prayer-book and, 377 
 
 Homoeopathic Dispensaries, 79 
 
 Hong Kong, Bishopric of, 420; contri- 
 buted to by Christian Knowledge 
 Society, 372 
 
 Hopton's Alnshouses, 225 
 
 Hospitals, General Medical, 5 ; Sisters 
 and Nurses, for, 57; Lying-in, 
 28; for Women, 34; Bridewell, 
 107 ; Chelsea, 215 ; Christ's, 331 ; 
 Greenwich, 215 
 
 Hospital, Magdalen, 100 
 
 Hospital for Consumption, 23 
 
 Hospital for Poor French Protestants, 
 141 
 
 Hospital for Sick and Diseased Sea- 
 men, 28 
 
 Hospitals and Asylums for Relief of 
 the Aged and Distressed, 203 
 
 Hotel and Tavern-keepers' Provident 
 Institution, 283 
 
 House of Charity for distressed per- 
 sons, 120 
 
 House of Occupation, Bridewell Hos- 
 pital, 107 
 
 Houseless (see Distressed), societies 
 for the, 117; Nightly Shelter for 
 the, 119; West-end Refuge, 119 
 
 Howell's Marriage Portions, 194 
 
 Hoxton Refuge for Destitute, 111 
 
 Humane Societies, the, 81 ; Royal, 82 ; 
 the Medal of, 83 
 
 Hunt, Mr., of Petersham, bequest to 
 Guy's Hospital, 9 
 
 Idiots, Asylum for, 56 (see also Lu- 
 nacy). 
 
 Immoral books, suppression of, 93; 
 their influence, 94 
 
 Improvement of Dwellings, society 
 for, 87 
 
 Imprisoned for Small Debts, Society 
 for the Relief of persons, 136 ; 
 Philanthropic Society for the Re 
 lief of persons, 136 
 
 Incurable Patients, Westminster Hos- 
 pital Fund, 8; Bethlem Hospital, 
 53; note respecting a society for,13 
 
 Indigent blind, School for, 184 
 
 Indigent Blind "\^isiting Society, 180 
 
 Industrial Home for indigent gentle- 
 women, 262 
 
 Industrious classes. Societies for aid- 
 ing the resources of, 161 ; improve- 
 ment of dwellings of, 87 
 
 Infant Orphans' Asylum, 299 ; extra 
 election foi', 300 ; new Asylum for, 
 301 
 
 Infant School Society, Home and Co- 
 lonial, 367 
 
 Infant School, Spanish and Portu- 
 guese, 323 
 
 Infidel Lectures, Suppression of, 93 
 
 Infirmaries, 19 
 
 Innholders' Company, charities in the 
 gift of, 197 
 
 Inoculation first practised in England, 
 36 
 
 Inspectors of Schools, Her Majesty's, 
 359 
 
 Invalid Ladies' Establishment, 50 
 
 Invalid Asylum for respectable females 
 in London and its vicinity, 48 
 
 Invalids, Home for confinned Female, 
 49 
 
 Iphigene, as a Cholera Hospital for 
 seamen, 21 
 
 Ireland, Ladies' Hibernian Female 
 School Society for. 423 ; London 
 Hibernian, 422; Religious Tract, 
 424; Scripture-Readers' Society 
 for, 424 ; Sunday School Society 
 for. 423 ; Government grant for 
 education, 358 
 
 Irish Amelioration Society, 
 
 Irish Charitable Society (the old) re- 
 ferred to, 310 
 
 Irish children, St. Patrick's School 
 for, 310; East London schools, 421 
 
 Irish Church Missions, 425 
 
 Irish Distress, Temporary Fund for, 
 438; Special Fund for, 425 
 
 Irish Loan Funds 172 (see silso errata). 
 
 Irish EvangeliciU Society, 422 
 
 Irish Society of London, 425 
 
 Iron, Hardware, and Metal Trades' 
 Pension Society, 279 
 
 Ironmongers' Company Almshouses, 
 225; charities in tiie gift of, 197-8 
 
 Islington Dispensary, 67 
 
 Islington Almshouses, 222 
 
 Islington, North, and HoUoway Dis- 
 pensaiy, 68 
 
 Islington Protestant Institute, 378 
 
 Islington Proprietai-y School, 349 
 
 Jeffery's Almshouses, 225 
 Jennerian (Royal) Institution, 37 
 Jenner s. Dr., first work on 'Vaccina- 
 tion, 36 
 
463 
 
 Infei. 
 
 Lab. 
 
 Jewesses, Ladies' Society for promot- 
 ing Education among the,429 
 Jewish Boys' West Metropolitan 
 School, 3-24; Western Institution 
 for Educating, 324 
 Jewish Converts Institution, Opera- 
 
 tive,428 
 JewishGirls' Western Free School, 323; 
 Juvenile Benevolent Association 
 for clothing poor, 147 
 Jewish Institution for the Relief of the 
 
 Indigent Blind, 145 
 Jewish Ladies' Benevolent Society, 
 
 145 
 Jewish (Western) Philanthropic and 
 
 Pension Society, 145 
 Jews' Hospital, 144 ; the Spanish and 
 
 Portuguese ditto, 2 1 
 Jews' Miscellaneous Relief Societies, 
 for food, clothing, and pensions, 
 147; Philanthropic Society lor 
 Widows, 140; Hand-iu-Hand cha- 
 ritable, 145 
 Jews, British Society for Propagation 
 of the Gospel, 428 ; London Soci- 
 ety for promoting Christianity, 
 427; Society for promoting Indus- 
 try amongst the, 430 
 Jews' charity schools, Spanish and 
 Portuguese, 322 ; Free School, 323; 
 Orphan Asylum, 322 
 Job and Post Masters' Provident 
 
 Fund, 286 
 Jones, Dr., Gynepathic Institution, 34 
 Jones s Lectureship, 197 
 Journeymen Tailors, Benevolent In- 
 stitution for Relief of, 283 
 Jubilee Fund, Church Missionary So- 
 ciety, 413 
 Judd's, Sir Andrew, Endowment of 
 
 Tonbridge school, 327 
 Judd's Almshouses. 225 
 
 Loa. 
 
 Katharine's, St, Hospital, 205 
 Kensington Dispensary, 7s 
 Kent (Royal) Dispensary, 70 
 Kentish "Town Almshouses, 221 
 King's College, 344; Hospital, 15; 
 
 School, 346 
 King' s-sti-eet Dispensary (St George's, 
 
 &c.), 64 
 Kmloch Bequest, 140 
 Kueller Hall, 358-9 
 Kneseworth's, Sir Thomas, Bequests 
 
 for Exhibitions, 195 
 
 Labourers' Friend Societ,',87; refer- 
 red to, 151 
 
 Labourers' Relief Emigration Com- 
 mittee, 153 
 
 Labouring Classes, Society for Im- 
 proving, 86 
 Ladies' Charity School, 306 
 Ladies' Hibernian Female School So- 
 ciety, 423 
 Ladies, Industrial Home for, 262 
 Ladies' Invalid Establishment, .*>0 
 Ladies' Society for Education of Negro 
 
 ChUdren, 418 
 Ladies' Society for Jewish Females, 
 
 145 
 Lambeth Lying-in Hospital, 31 ; Pen- 
 sion Society, 239 
 Lame Painters, Stock's charity for, 186 
 Lancaster's (Joseph) Foundation of 
 the British Society, 361 ; memoir 
 of, 362 ; poverty and distress of 
 the last days of, 362 
 Lanesborough House for Hospital, 11 
 Lascar Benevolent Institution, 442 
 Law Association, 268 
 Law Clerks' Society, United, 269 
 Law Writers' Provident Institution, 
 
 269 
 Leathersellers' Company, almshouses 
 in trust of, 225 ; charities in the 
 gift of, 198 
 Leicester-square Soup Kitchen, 123 
 L'Epee's (the Abbe) treatment of the 
 
 Deaf and Dumb, 187 
 Letter-carriers' Pension Institution, 
 
 2ti6 
 Lewisham Congregational School, 351 
 Licensed Victuallers' Asylum, 229; 
 Pei-manent Fundof,283; School, 
 313; cost referred to, 283 
 Life, societies for the preservation of,81 
 Lily, (William). First head-master of 
 
 St Paul's, 329 
 Lind (Mademoiselle) benefactions to 
 
 the Consumptive Hospital, 24 
 Linen Drapers' Institution, 284 
 Linusarian Benevolent Loan Society 
 the, 172; referred to, 147 ' 
 
 Literary Association of the Friends of 
 
 Poland, 143 
 Literaiy Fund, the Royal, 256 
 Lithotriptic Fund, Westminster Hos- 
 
 pital, 8 
 Livery Stable Keepers' Provident 
 
 Fund, 286 
 Lloyd s Patriotic Fund, the 201 
 Loan societie.-i, 173 ; loans referred to, 
 167 ; need of a Christian Society, 
 170; evils and failures of existing 
 societies, 171 ; general summary 
 of, 173 ; Arneway s cliarity, 167 ; 
 Linusarian Fund, the, 172 
 Loan Funds in Ireland, 172; error 
 corrected in table, see errata ; in 
 Kent and Sussex, 172 
 
464 
 
 Lua. 
 
 ^iikr. 
 
 Local charities, examples of, 444 
 
 Lock Hospital, Asylum, and Chapel, 
 
 98; referred to, 46; derivation of 
 
 its naine,98; Duke of Ccimhridge's 
 
 appeal on behalf of, 95 
 
 Lodging Houses for the Poor, 87, 119; 
 
 see also Samaritan Society, 121 
 London Aged Christian Society, 244 
 Loudon Almshouses, Institution of 
 
 the, 232 
 London Benerolent Eepository, 442 
 London City Mission, 388 
 London (City) School for Orphan Free- 
 men, 350 
 London Clergy Widow Fund, 252 
 London Diocesan Board of Education, 
 
 370 
 London Dispensaiy, 72 
 London Domestic Mission Society,387 
 Loudon Female Mission, 103 
 London Female Penitentiary, 101 
 London Fever Hospital, 22 
 London Hibernian Society, 422 
 London Homoeopathic Medical Insti- 
 tution, 79 
 London Hospital, 1 1 ; Samaritan So- 
 ciety, 11 
 London Infirmary for Diseases of the 
 
 Skin, 47 
 London Itinerant Society, 442 
 London Lying-in Hospital, 28 
 London Maritime Institution, 267 
 London Missionary Society, 41 1 
 London Orphan Asylum, 297 
 London Penny Bank, the, 177 
 London Philanthropic Society, 124 
 Loudon Society for Improvement of 
 
 Female Servants (old title), 163 
 London Society for promoting Chris- 
 tianity amongst the Jews, 427 ; 
 Church of England Young Men's 
 Society, for, 401 
 London Society for teaching the Blind 
 
 to Read, 181 
 London Society for the Protection of 
 
 Young Females, 193 
 London Stone Visiting Society, 130 
 London University, 346 ; original 
 
 charter of, 346 
 London Vaccine Institution, 37 
 Lord's Day Society, the, 375 
 Lucas' (Alderman) Endowment for 
 
 Almshouses, 234 
 Lumley's Almshouses, 225 
 Lunatics, house for, Guy's Hospital , 9 ; 
 public hospitals for, 51 ; Bethle- 
 hem Hospital, for, 52: Queen 
 Adelaide's fund for, 55 ; Hanwell 
 Asylum for, 64 ; new county asy- 
 lum at Colney Hatch, 65; St. 
 Luke's Hospital for, 53 
 
 Med. 
 
 Lunatics and idiots in England, statis- 
 tics of (see also idiots), 61; re- 
 turns of Metropolitan Commis- 
 sioners, 51 ; statutes regarding the 
 care of, 61 
 
 Lunatics', the Alleged, Friend Society. 
 56 
 
 Lying-in Hospitals, 28 ; Visiting cha- 
 rities, 33.130 
 
 Machine Rulers' Pension Society, 
 274 
 
 Madeira Sanatorium, 26 
 
 Madras System of Education, intro- 
 duced by Dr. Bell, 360 
 
 Magdalen Hospital,100; chapel (note), 
 100 
 
 Manor House, Dalston, 111 
 
 Margate Infirmary, 26 
 
 Mai'ine Society, 314 
 
 Mariners' Friend Society, the, 389 
 
 Mariners', Master, Benevolent Soci- 
 ety, 267 
 
 Maritime Institution, London, 267; 
 asylum, 267 
 
 Marriage portion funds referred to, 
 167; Howell's bequest, 194; Dick- 
 enson's, 168; Raine's,306 
 
 Marsden (Dr.) founder of Free Hos- 
 pital, 14 
 
 Marylebone (see also St Marylebone) 
 Almshouses, 232 
 
 Marylebone and Paddington Hospital, 
 14; General Dispensary, 62; Pro- 
 vident Dispensary, 63 
 
 Masonic Institution for Boys, 312; 
 Provident Society, 246; (Royal) 
 Benevolent Fund, 245; Asylum, 
 231 ; School for Female Children, 
 312 
 
 Master Bakers' School, 442 
 
 Master Boot and Shoemakers' Provi- 
 dent and Benevolent Institution, 
 285 
 
 Master Mariners' Benevolent Society, 
 267 
 
 Maternity (Royal) Charity, 29 
 
 Maternity charities, origin of, 28 ; ge- 
 neral character of, 33 
 
 Maundy Gifts, the, 202 
 
 Mayhew on Ragged Schools referred 
 to, 392 
 
 Medical Army Benevolent Societies, 
 264 
 
 Medical Hospitals, extent of accom- 
 modation, 2; simimary of, 4; sis- 
 ters and nurses for, 57; charities 
 for special purposes, 19 
 
 Medical Men, Society for Widows and 
 Orphans of, 270 ; Benevolent So- 
 ciety, the old, referrea to, 270 
 
465 
 
 Mil. 
 
 Snki. 
 
 Medical Naval Supplemental Fund, 
 268 
 
 Megg's Almshouses, 225 
 
 Melbourne, Bishopric of, 420 
 
 Melbourne's Almshouses, 225 
 
 Mendicity, Society for suppression of, 
 118 ; general character of, 116 
 
 Mercers' Company, Almshouses in 
 trust of, 225 ; charities in the gift 
 of, 198; Grammar school, 330; 
 Dean Colet's reasons for appoint- 
 ment of, as trustees of St. Paul's 
 school, 329 
 
 Merchant Seamen's Corporation, 265; 
 Projected measure before Parlia- 
 ment, 266 ; Orphan Asylum, 303 
 
 Merchant Tailors' Company, Alms- 
 houses in trust of, 226 ; charities 
 in the gift of, 198 ; School, 330 ; 
 University Exhibitions, extent of, 
 334 
 
 Metropolis Churches' Fimd, 381 
 
 Metropolitan Benefit Societies' Asy- 
 lum, 233 
 
 Metropolitan Association for Improv- 
 ing the Dwellings of the Poor, 88 
 
 Metropolitan Convalescent Institu - 
 tion, 48 
 
 Metropolitan Destitution, 115 
 
 Metropolitan Dispensary (Fore-street), 
 72 
 
 Metropolitan Early Closing Associa- 
 tion, 91 
 
 Metropolitan Eye and Ear Infirmary, 
 41 
 
 Metropolitan Free Hospital, 66 
 
 Metropolitan Institution for Commer- 
 cial Schools, 442 
 
 Metropolitan Omnibus Servants' 
 Friendly Society, 287 
 
 Metropolitan Sanitary Association, 88 
 
 Mico's Almshouses, 225 
 
 Mico's (Lady) Charity, 417 
 
 Middlesex Hospital, 12; Cancer Ward, 
 13 
 
 Middlesex Society for Educating Poor 
 children, 320 
 
 Middlesex Dispensary (title altered), 
 32 
 
 Middleton (Sir Hugh), gifts to Gold- 
 smiths, 196 
 
 Middleton, Lady, and others, gifts to 
 Grocers, 197 
 
 Military Asylum for Orphans, Royal 
 (see Army, Soldiers , Royal Hos- 
 pital), 302 
 
 Militai-y Department to King's College, 
 345 
 
 Millbank Prison (note on), 109 
 
 Milliners' , Association for the Aid of, 
 162 ; Provident Institution, 162 
 
 Nat. 
 
 Ministers' Friend, or Associate Fund, 
 255 
 
 Miscellaneous charities, 432 
 
 Mission cause, the, 404; feebleness 
 of its agencies, 405 ; total amount 
 expended in English Missions, 
 404 ; a general summary of their 
 extent,405 ; notice of some founded 
 by the Christian Knowledge Soci- 
 ety, 372 
 
 Mission, London City, 388 
 
 Mission Society, British and Foreign 
 Town, 388 
 
 Missionary Society, the, 411; Church, 
 412; Home, 421; Colonial, 418; 
 Gospel, 409 ; Baptist, 410 ; Mora- 
 vian, 414 ; Church of Scotland, 
 416; Free Church of Scotland's, 
 416; Wesleyan,4l4; West Indian, 
 417; Gei-man, 431; Jewish, 427; 
 Syrian, 430 ; Mission Schools (the 
 London), 411; Institution at Is- 
 lington (Church Missionary), 412 
 
 Model Buildings, Bagnigge Wells, 87 
 
 Model Lodging House, East London, 
 119; St. GUes',87; for famUies,87 
 
 Monox, George, Almshouses, 226 
 
 Montague's, Lady, introduction of Ino- 
 culation, 36 
 
 Morden College, 217 
 
 Morals, Societies for the Preservation 
 of Public, 81 
 
 Moravian Mission Society, 414 
 
 Morning Advertiser's Fund, 283 
 
 Morrice's, Lady, E ndowment for Alms- 
 houses, 220 
 
 Moses', Mr. Seijeant, Exhibitions at- 
 tached to Christ's Hospital, 332 
 
 Mosse's, Dr., origination of Lying-in 
 charities, 28 
 
 Mothers' and Infants' Friend Society, 
 131 
 
 Mount St. Bernard Hospice, 123 
 
 Murray, Dr., originator of Foreigners' 
 Relief Society, 141 
 
 Music, Royal Academy of, 351 
 
 Musicians of Great Britain, Royal So- 
 ciety of, 263 ; (Female), Royal 
 Society of, 264 ,- Choral Fund for, 
 263 
 
 Natal Emigration Fund, 158 
 National Benevolent Emigration So- 
 
 ciety, 157 
 National Benevolent Institution, 236 
 National Guardian Institution, 164 
 National Education, tlie subject of, 
 
 355 ; various Institutions for pro- 
 
 moting it, 357-8 ; Parliamentary 
 
 Grant for 1849, 358 
 National Society, 364 ; origin of, 360 
 
 30 
 
466 
 
 Oph. 
 
 ^nhx. 
 
 Par. 
 
 special fund for manufacturing 
 districts, 366 ; statistics of Meti-o- 
 politan schools in connexion with, 
 365; central schools, 366; train- 
 ing establishments, 366 
 
 National schools, Middlesex Society, 
 320 
 
 National Temperance Society, 91 
 
 National Friendly Society referred to, 
 442 
 
 National Truss Society, 44 
 
 National Vaccine Establishment, 37 
 
 Naval (see sailor, seamen). 
 
 Naval Annuitant Society, Royal, 265 ; 
 Benevolent Society, Koyal, 265 ; 
 Medical Supplemental Fund So- 
 ciety, 268 ; Royal Hospital, Green- 
 wich, 315 ; Seamen s Hospital 
 Society, 20 ; School, Royal, 352 ; 
 School, Royal (Female), 353 
 
 Naval and Military Bible Society, 108 
 
 Navy Asylum, Royal, 315 ; Captains' 
 Widows' Fund, &c., 315 
 
 Needle Women's Society, 161 
 
 Negroes, Societies for the conversion 
 of, 416 to 418 ; civilization of, 435 
 
 Neil's, John, ancient petition for a 
 grammar school, 317 
 
 Newberry's Almshouses, 227 
 
 New College, St. John's Wood, 341 
 
 New South Wales, Bishopric of, 420 
 
 New Zealand, Bishopric of, 420; 
 Bishop Selwyn referred to, 159 
 
 New Zealand, Emigration to, 159 and 
 178 
 
 Newfoundland Society for Educating 
 the Poor, 417 
 
 Newman-street lying in Institution,32 
 
 Newspaper Press Benevolent Fund, 
 274 
 
 Newsvenders' Benevolent and Provi- 
 dent Institution, 275 
 
 Nicholas's Almshouses, 226 
 
 Niglitly shelters to the houseless, 119 
 
 Norfolk College, 211 
 
 North and East London Benevolent 
 Institution, 241 
 
 North London Ophthalmic Institution, 
 40 
 
 Northern Dispensary, 67 
 
 Nurses, Training Institution for, 58 
 
 Nursing Sisters, the Institution of, 58 
 
 Ogle (Mrs.) andVerral's Spine Insti- 
 tution, 43 
 
 Omnibus Servants' Provident Society, 
 287 
 
 Omychimd's Bequest to Magdalen and 
 Foundling Hospitals, 100 
 
 Operative Jewish Converts' Institu- 
 tion, 429 
 
 Ophthalmic Institutions, 38; Royal 
 London Hospital, 38 ; Royal West- 
 minster Hospital,39; the Central 
 London, 41 ; Royal Infirmary for, 
 39 ; North London, 40 
 
 Organ Builders' Benevolent Institu- 
 tion, 277 
 
 Orphan and other necessitous chil- 
 dren, schools for, 304; general 
 summary of ,292; average expense 
 of maintaining children, 297 
 
 Orphan Asylums, Adult Institution, 
 298 ; British, 298 ; Clergv Society, 
 293; Female, 294; Infant, 299; 
 New Infant, 301 ; Jews ', 322 ; Lon- 
 don, 297; Chelsea Asylum, for 
 Military Orphans, 302 ; Merchant 
 seamen s,303; girls', Sailors', 304; 
 home, Sailors' female, 304 
 
 Orphans, Agricultural school for, 302; 
 Cholera Home, 302; Female, 
 Bayswater School, 295; Female 
 School of Industry, 295 ; of Free- 
 men, City School for, 350 ; Or- 
 phan Working School, 295 
 
 Orthopedic Hospital, Royal, 42 
 
 Orthoponic Institution, 42 
 
 Oswald's, Mrs., Bequest to Clergy Or- 
 phans, 293 
 
 Overman's Almshouses, 226 
 
 Owen's (Lady Alice) Almshouses, 226; 
 School, 338 
 
 Packington's Almshouses, 226 
 
 Paddington Free Dispensary, 79 ; Ho- 
 moeopathic Dispensary, 80; Pro- 
 vident Dispensary, 80 ; and Mary, 
 lebone Hospital, 17 
 
 Painter Stainers' charities, 199 
 
 Painters', the, charity to the blind, 185 
 
 Painters, John Stock's charity to poor 
 lame, 186 
 
 Palmer's Almshouses, 226 
 
 Palmer and Hiirs6rammarSchool,338 
 
 Pancras, (St) Dispensary, 66; local 
 charities of, 445 
 
 Parent Penny Savings' Working Bank, 
 177 
 
 Parish Clerks' Company, charities in 
 the gift of, 199 ; Almshouse Insti- 
 tution, 231 
 
 Parmitter, Mr. T., Bequest for Alms- 
 houses, 220 
 
 Parochial Charities, 201 ; Baths and 
 Washhouses, 90; District Asyliun 
 for Temporal Relief, 119; Contri- 
 butions to Fire Escapes, Act per- 
 mitting, 85 ; and District Visiting 
 Associations, 126; Schools, pre- 
 sumed origin of, 316 
 
 Parochial charity schools, 316 
 
Poor. 
 
 467 
 
 Pub. 
 
 Pastoral, Church, Aid Society, 383 
 Pastoral and Lay Visiting Societies, 
 
 388 
 Patriotic Fund, 201 
 Patrons of the anniversary of the cha- 
 rity schools, 317 
 Patten Makers' Company, charities in 
 
 the gift ot; 199 
 Pauper Lunatics, number of, 53 
 Pawnbrokers' Almshouses, 280 
 Pawnbrokers' Charitable Institution, 
 
 2«0 
 Peace, Society for the Promotion of 
 
 Universal, 433 
 Penitent Female Refuge, British, 102 
 Penitent Female AsylumjWestminster, 
 
 106 
 Penitent Females, Lock Asylum for, 98 
 Penitentiary Institutions, 101 
 Penitentiary, Millbank, 109 
 Pennoyer's Bequest for Apprenticing, 
 .■B2; ditto, in trust of Christ s 
 Hospital, 333 
 Penny Bank, the London, 177 
 Penny Savings' Bank, 177 
 Pension Societies (see also annuities). 
 Pension Societies, Charitable and Be- 
 nevolent, 235; general summary 
 of, 236 ; Charitable and Provident, 
 247 ; for Professions and Trades, 
 273; method of polling votes, 237 
 Pension Society, British Beneficent, 
 242; British Philanthropic, 240; 
 Boyal General Annuity, 239; City 
 of London General, 238; East 
 London General, 238; East Lon- 
 don, 239; Lambeth, 239; Royal 
 General, 241 
 Pentonville Penitentiary, 101 
 Penlonville Prison (note on), 109 
 Permanent Fund of the Licensed Vic- 
 tuallers' Society, 283 
 Pemell's Almshouses, 226 
 Perrin's, John, various bequests to 
 
 Goldsmiths ,196 
 Pewterers' Company, charities in the 
 
 gift of, 199 
 Philanthropic Society, the, 124 
 Philanthropic Societ^-, Reigate, 109 
 Philanthropic Society for Relief of 
 Persons Imprisoned for Debt, 136 
 Philips, Miss, bequest to Hanwell 
 
 Samaritan Fund, 56 
 Philological School, 350 
 Pimlico (Royal) Dispensary, 77 
 Plasterers' Company's chai-ities, 199 
 Plumbers' Company's charities, 199 
 Poland, Literary Association, 143 
 Polish Economical Society, 144 
 Polish Refugee Office (note), 144 
 Poor Man's Friend Society, 149 
 
 Porteus' (Bishop) Annual Donations 
 to Poor Clergymen, 253 , Plan for 
 Instruction of Negroes, 416 
 Portland Town Dispensary, 68 
 Post Masters' Provident Fund, 286 
 Post Office Labour on the Sabbath, 376 
 Post Office Pension Institution, 286 
 Poulterers' Company's charities, 199 ; 
 
 Asylum, 281 
 Prayer-book and Homily Society, 377 
 Preservation of Human Life, Societies 
 
 for, 81 
 Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, So- 
 ciety for, 86 
 Pnniers' Almshouses, 275; Pension 
 Society, 274; William Bowyers 
 and Straban's gifts to, 200 
 Prison Discipline Society, 110 
 Prisons referred to, 189 
 Prisoners, Sheriffs Fund for, 113 (see 
 
 also Female Prisoners) 
 Professions and Trades, Benevolent 
 
 Benefit Societies for, 253 
 Promoting Female Education in the 
 
 East, society for, 416 
 Promoting the Establishment of Baths 
 and Washhouses, committee for, 
 90 ; North West Society, 89 
 Propagation of the Gospel (see Mis- 
 sionary), 403 
 Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign 
 Parts, society for the, 409; Upper 
 Canada, Committee of, 410 
 Proprietary Schools, few modem, 344 
 Prostitutes, societies for penitent, 101 
 Prostitution, London society for the 
 
 prevention of, 103 
 Protection and Employment of Dis- 
 tressed Needlewomen, 161 
 Protection of Women, Associate Insti- 
 tution for, 106; Society for Protec- 
 tion of Young Females, 103 
 Protection of Life from Fire, Royal 
 
 Society for the, 84 
 Protestant and Reformation societies, 
 
 377 
 Protestant Union,the,for Ministers,255 
 Protestant Association, 378 
 Provident and Professional Benefit 
 
 Funds, 273 
 Provident Paddington Dispensary, 79 
 Provident Society for the Deaf and 
 
 Dumb, 188 
 Provident Clerks' Mutual Benefit 
 
 Association, 269 
 Provident Dispensary, 63 
 Provisional Protection Society, 164 
 Public Dispensary for the relief of the 
 
 sick poor, 68 
 Public Morals, Guardian Society for 
 the preservation of, 101 
 
468 
 
 Rel, 
 
 3nkx. 
 
 Roy, 
 
 Qoeen's scholars, ■Westminster Col- 
 lege, 336 
 
 Ciueen's College, London, 347 ; Quar- 
 terly Review's exposition of the 
 objects of, 348 ; City branch, 349 
 
 Queen s, the (or St. Katherine's) Hos- 
 pital, 205 
 
 Queen's letter, the origin of, 367 ; soci- 
 eties granted to, 367, 379, 409 
 
 Queen Adelaide's Dispensary, 70 
 
 Queen Adelaide Fund, 55 
 
 Queen Adelaide's and British Ladies' 
 Institution, 32 
 
 Queen Adelaide's Lying-in Hospital,31 
 
 Queen Anne's Bounty Office, 249 
 
 Queen Charlotte's Lying-in Hospital, 
 28 
 
 Queen Elizabeth's College, 208 
 
 Queen Elizabeth's Grammai- School, 
 Southwark, 336 
 
 Queen-square Bible Association, 447 
 
 Radcliffe's (Dr.) bequest to St. Bar- 
 tholomew's, 5 
 Rahere's foundation of St. Bartholo- 
 mew's, 5 
 Ragged schools; their rise and pro- 
 gress, 390 ; the e£fect of, 391 ; re- 
 cent attack upon, 392 j description 
 of the neighboui'hood, 394 ; sum- 
 mai-y of, in London, 393 ; assist- 
 ance afforded by tlie London Dio- 
 cesan Board, 370 ; Field-lane 
 ragged schools, 394 
 Ragged School Dormitory, 395 
 Ragged School Refuge, 395 
 Ragged School Union, 392 
 Ragged Schools' Emigrant Fund, 396 
 Raikes" (Mr. Robert) commencement 
 
 of Sunday schools, 398 
 Railway-arch lodging houses, 121 
 Railway Guards' Friendly Fund, 287; 
 number of railway guards, note to, 
 287 
 Raine's charity, 305 
 Randolph's (Sergeant) University ex- 
 hibitions, 195 
 Reclaiming the fallen, charities for, 95 
 Redcross-street Library, 340 
 Reformation (see also Protestant), 
 Reformation, the British, Society, 377 
 Reformation of Criminals, charities 
 
 for, 95, 107 
 Refuge for the Destitute, 111 
 Relief afforded by Benefit Societies, 
 
 remarks upon, 272 
 Relief of Destitution, Association for 
 
 promoting, 126 
 Relief of particiilar classes of distress, 
 societies for, 134 
 
 Relief of the Destitute, 115; of the 
 
 Poor of the City of London, 122 ; 
 
 StMarylebone Association for,122 
 
 Religious Freedom Society, 441 
 
 Religious book societies, 371; Book 
 
 Society, the, 373 
 Religious Tract Society, 374; issues 
 
 of, 374 
 Religious Tract and Book Society for 
 
 Ireland, 424 
 Rich's Grammar School, 339 
 Richmond Institution, the contem. 
 
 plated, 442 
 Ringworm, Dispensary for cure of, 
 
 442 
 Rippon's Almshouses, 227 
 Robinson's (Sir John) gift to Cloth 
 
 Workers' Comi)any, 193 
 Roger's Almshouses, 227 ; bequest to 
 
 Leathersellers, 198 
 Roman Catholic schools, the, 321 
 Rose Charity Fund (Hospital for Con- 
 sumption), 24 
 Rose-street House of Charity, 120 
 Royal Academy of Music, 351 
 Royal Asylum (St. Anns Society), 304 
 Royal Asylum for Destitute Females, 
 
 112 
 Royal Caledonian Asylum, 308 
 Royal Highland School Society, 426 
 Royal Dispensary for Diseases of the 
 
 Ear, and the Deaf and Dumb, 41 
 Royal Dispensary, Pimlico, 77 
 Royal Female Philanthropic Society, 
 
 111 
 Royal Free Hospital, 14 
 Royal Freemasons' School for Female 
 
 Children, 312 
 Royal General Dispensary, 73 ; St. 
 
 Pancras, 66 
 Royal General Annuity Society, 239 
 Royal General Pension Society, 241 
 Royal Highland School, 426 
 Royal Hospital at Chelsea, 215 j at 
 
 Greenwich, 215 
 Royal Hospitals of the City of Lon- 
 don, 1 
 Royal Humane Society, 82 
 Royal Infirmary for Asthma, 24 
 Royal Infirmary for Diseases of the 
 
 Eye, 39 
 Royal Jennerian and London Vaccine 
 
 Institutions, 37 
 Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital, 
 
 38 
 Royal Literary Fund, 256 
 Royal Masonic Annuity Fund, 245 
 Royal Masoniclnstitution forBoys,312 
 Royal Maternity Charity, 29 
 Royal Militai^ Asylum, 302 
 
469 
 
 St. 
 
 ;SiiiiJ3;. 
 
 Sam. 
 
 Royal Infirmary for Children, 34 I 
 
 Royal National Institution, for preser- 
 vation from shipwreck, 85 
 Royal Naval Annuitant Society, 265 ; 
 Benevolent Society, 265; Female 
 School, 353; School,352; Asylum, 
 315 
 Royal Orthopoedic Hospital, 42 
 Royal Pimlico Dispensary, 77 
 Royal Sea-bathing Infirmary, 26 
 Royal Society of Female Musicians, 
 
 264 
 Royal Society of Musicians of Great 
 
 " Britain, 263 
 Royal Society forPrevention of Cruelty 
 
 to Animals, 86 
 Royal Society for Protection of Life 
 
 from Fire, 84 
 Royal South London Dispensary, 69 
 Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Hos- 
 pital, 39 
 Rugby school referred to, 327 
 Ruptui'e Society, 46 
 Russell (Lord John) upon Fox's Edu- 
 cation Bill, 357 
 
 Saddlers' Company, charities in the 
 gift of, 199 
 
 Sailmakers' Almshouses, 227 
 
 SaUors' Asylum, Destitute, 137 
 
 Sailors' Female Oi-phan Home, 304 
 
 Sailors, Floating Church society for, 
 390 
 
 Sailors' Home, or Brunswick mari- 
 time establishment, 137 
 
 Sailors'Orphan Girls' episcopal school 
 and asylum, 303 
 
 Sailors' Society, British and Foreign, 
 388 
 
 St. Andrew, Holborn, extent of paro- 
 chial charities of, 218 
 
 St Andrew's HospitaJ for Diseases of 
 the Lower Intestines, 44 
 
 St. Ann's society schools, 304 
 
 St. Bartholomew s Hospital, 5 ; Sa- 
 maritan fund, 6; Nurses and Sis- 
 ters of, 57 
 
 SL Benet Almshouses, 227 
 
 St. Clement Danes' Almshouses, 227 
 
 St. George's Homoeopathic Dispen- 
 sai-y, 80 
 
 St. George's Hospital, 10 
 
 St George's Charity for convalescents, 
 10 
 
 St George's and St James's General 
 Dispensary, 64 
 
 St. George the Martyr Benevolent 
 association, 128 
 
 St Giles in the Fields, summary of 
 chai'ities attaclied to the Parish 
 Church of, 444 
 
 St Giles" and SttJeorge's Almshouses, 
 
 227 
 St JamesjWestminster, charity school, 
 
 319 
 St John's Chapel, Bedford-row, Dis» 
 trict society, 180; Ladies' Fund, 
 180; Summary of the charities 
 attached to the congregation of, 
 446 ; Servants' School, 307 
 St John's House, Fitzroy-square, 59; 
 St John's Wood College, 341; Dispen- 
 sary, 68 
 St Katherine's Hospital, 205 ; school, 
 
 207 
 St Leonard's Almshouses, 227 
 St. Luke's Hospital for Lunatics, 52 
 St. Margaret, Westminster, charity 
 
 schools, 318 
 St Margaret's Hospital, commonly 
 
 called the " Green Coat", 318 
 St. Mai-tin's-in-the-Fields Library,etc., 
 340 ; Almshouses, 227 ; Baths and 
 Washhouses,90 
 StMaryleboneBaths andWashhouses, 
 91 ; Provident Dispensary, 63 ; 
 General Dispensary, 62 ; and Pad- 
 dington Hospital, 17; almshouses' 
 institution, 232; Association for 
 the relief of the poor, 113; charity 
 school for the whole parish of, 
 320 ; Female Penitentiary society, 
 106 
 St Mary's, Southwark, Charitable 
 
 Fund, 130 
 St. Olave's and St John's grammar 
 school, 335 ; high character of, 
 336 
 St. Pancras parish church, summary 
 of congregational charities, etc., 
 445 
 St. Pancras Royal General Dispensa- 
 ry, 66 
 St Patrick, Benevolent society of, 310 
 St. Paul's Cathedral, amount of anni- 
 versary collection at, 318 
 St. Paul's School, 328; original foun- 
 dation of, 326 ; value of Dean Co- 
 let's endowment, 329 ; peculiarity 
 in the number of boys, note, 329 
 St. Peter's College, Westminster, 336 
 St Peter's Hospital, 212 
 St Saviour's grammar school, 334 ; 
 stipulation for master of, note, 334 
 St Thomas's Hospital, 6 
 Salomon's (David) gift to City School, 
 
 350 
 Salters'Company, Almshouses in trust 
 of, 227 ; Charities in the gift of, 1 99 
 Samaritan Fund, London Hospital, 
 12 ; Middlesex Hospital, 13 ; Han- 
 well, 55; St Bartholomew, 6; St 
 
470 
 
 Sea. 
 
 ^nki. 
 
 Soc. 
 
 George's Convalescent Fund, 10 ; 
 St. George's Dispensary, 64 
 
 Samaritan society, projected, 121 
 
 Sanatorium for Madeira, 26 
 
 Sanatorium of German Hospital, 21 
 
 Sanatorium, the late, 50 
 
 Sanitary Improvement, 88 
 
 Saxton's (SirW.) bequests to Grocers, 
 196 
 
 Savings' Banks,176; their origin,]75; 
 Working Banks, 177 
 
 School of Industry for Female Or- 
 phans, 295 ; Hans Town, 306 
 
 School for the Indigent Blind, 182 
 
 School Societies and Educational 
 Boards, 358 
 
 Schools, Parochial charity, 316 
 
 Schools, see also Sunday, Ragged, 
 Congregational, Wesleyan, etc. ; 
 localschools referred to,320; the 
 earliest in England, 326; old foun- 
 dation of the schools of London, 
 33 6 ; statistics of Church schools, 
 365 
 
 Schools in union with the National 
 Society, statistics of, 365 ; ditto. 
 Diocesan Board of Education, 
 370; Southwark Fund for, 383 
 
 Schoolmasters' (the Church of Eng- 
 land) Provident Society, 400 
 
 Schoolmasters' and Mistresses' Train- 
 ing School,366 ; Kneller Hall,359 ; 
 Church of England Training In- 
 stitution, 368 ; infant schools, 368; 
 congregational, etc., 371 
 
 Schoolmasters', society of, 258 ; so- 
 ciety of, 259 
 
 Scotland, Caledonian Asylum for the 
 Children and Natives of, 308; 
 Missions of, 416 ; Society for Pro- 
 pagating the Gospel in, 426 
 
 Scotland, Royal Highland School So- 
 ciety, 426; Church of, Missions, 
 416 
 
 Scott's (Mr. J. M.) plan for Penny 
 Banks, 177 
 
 Scottish Box, the (old title), 139 
 
 Scottish Episcopal Church Society 
 London Auxiliary of the, 426 
 
 Scottish Hospital and Corporation in 
 London, 139 
 
 Scriptvire Readers' society, Ireland, 
 424 
 
 Scriptural instruction essential to na- 
 tional education, 357 
 
 Scripture Readers' Association,Church 
 of England, 385 
 
 Scriveners Companv, charities in the 
 
 gift of, 200 
 Sea Bathing Infirmary, 27 
 
 Seamen's Corporation, Merchant,265 
 
 Seamen's Hospital society, 20 
 
 Seamen (see Merchants); St. Paul's 
 Church for seamen of the port of 
 London, 390 
 
 Secular National Education, 356 
 
 Servants' Institutions (see Domestic 
 and Female) 167; St. John's school 
 for the training of, 307 ; the Provi- 
 dent Benevolent Society, 165 
 
 Severn, the. Missionary Vessel, 390 
 
 Shaftesbury House Old Hospital, 29 
 
 Shank (Mrs.) and Stocks charity to 
 the lame, 186 
 
 Shepherd's (Mrs.) charity for Clergy- 
 men's daughters, 214 
 
 Sheriffs' Fund, HI 
 
 Sheriffe's (Laurance) endowment of 
 Rugby school, 327 
 
 Shipwreck, Preserving Life from, 85 ; 
 Fishermen and Mai-ine Benevo- 
 lent society,139 ; Mariners'Friend, 
 389 
 
 Shoemakers' Benevolent Institution, 
 285 
 
 Shuldham's (Guy) Almshouses, 228 
 
 Silk Mercers' Benevolent Institution, 
 284 
 
 Silver Trade Pension society, 278 
 
 Simpson's (John) Trust of Blind Cha- 
 rity, 185 
 
 Sion College, 213; Almshouses, 214 ; 
 Clergy Widow Fund, 252 
 
 Sisters and Nurses for medical hos- 
 pitals, 57 
 
 Skelton's bequest to poor Clock- 
 makers, 193 
 
 Skinners' Company, Almshouses in 
 trust of, 227; charities in the gift 
 of, 200 
 
 Slave 'Trade, societies for the extinc- 
 tion of the, 434 
 
 Slavery, Blockade of the African Coast, 
 435; Petition of the Church Mis- 
 sionary Society referred to, 437 
 
 Slaves, Betten's bequest to redeem, 
 197; statistics of slaves, 435 
 
 Small-pox and Vaccination Hospital, 
 36 
 
 Smith's Grammar school, 338 
 
 Syria, Medical-aid Association, 431 
 
 Smith's (Mr.D.) Almshouses, 227 
 
 Societes Evangeliques,4l6 
 
 Societe Francaise de Bienfaisanoe, 
 143 
 
 Society for Encouragement of Indus- 
 try (old title), 151 ; of Universal 
 Good Will (old title), 141 ; for the 
 Reformation of Manners (old title) 
 340; for Relief of Poor Proselytes 
 (old title), 340 
 
471 
 
 3nki. 
 
 Sun. 
 
 Soldiers' Friend society, 442 
 
 Somersetshire society, 169 
 
 Sons of the Clergy, Anniversary Fes- 
 tival of, 250 
 
 Soup Kitchens, etc., 122-4 
 
 South London (Royal) Dispensary, 69 
 
 Soutli London Institution for Protec- 
 tion of Females, etc., 108 
 
 Southampton's Almshouses, 227 
 
 Southwark Charitable fund, 130 
 
 Southwark Fund for Schools and 
 Churches, 383 
 
 Southwark Grammar Schools, 335 
 
 Spanish and Portuguese Hospital, 21 
 
 Spanish and Portuguese Jews' chari- 
 ties, 322 
 
 Spinal Institutions, 43-4 
 
 Spital Sermons, the, referred to, 474 
 
 Spitalfields" Dispensary, 72 
 
 Spitalfields Benevolent society, 131 
 
 Stafford's Almshouses, 218 
 
 Stafford's Fund for Clergy Widows, 
 252 
 
 Stanley-grove Institution, 366 
 
 Stationers and Paper Manufacturers' 
 Provident society, 273 
 
 Stationers' Company, charities in the 
 gift of, 200 
 
 Stepney College, 342 
 
 Stepney Free school, 338 
 
 Stepney Meeting Almshouses, 227 
 
 Stock Exchange Fund, 473 
 
 Stock's (John) Charity to poor lame 
 Painters, 186 
 
 Stock's (John) Charity to the Blind, 
 185 
 
 Strahan's (William) Gifts to Printers, 
 200 
 
 Strangers' Friend Society, 125; gene- 
 ral character of, 117 
 
 Stmday schools, Society for the sup- 
 port and encouragement of, 398 ; 
 school society for Ireland, 423 ; 
 School Union, 399 
 
 Surrey Chapel Almshouses, 229 ; sum- 
 mary of other charities of, 448 
 
 Surrey Dispensary, 69 
 
 Syria, society for promoting Christian 
 education in, 430 
 
 Streatham-street Model Buildings, 87 
 
 Street Orderly society, 150 
 
 Stromeyer andDelpech's treatment of 
 Club Feet, etc., 42 
 
 Sunday, better observance of, (see 
 Lord's-day society) ; General Post- 
 office, 376 
 
 Sunday schools. 397; the first esta- 
 blished, 398 ; their nimiber esti- 
 mated in England and Wales, 398 ; 
 Dr. Hook's testimony to their 
 Talue, 398; Church schools, sta- 
 
 Tra. 
 
 tistics of, 365; Church of Eug- 
 land. Institute for the teachers of, 
 399 
 Suppression of Vice, Society for, 93 
 Sutton's (Thomas) Foundation of 
 
 Charter-house, 209 
 Sutton's (Mrs.) bequest to Clergy Or- 
 phans, 293 
 
 Tabeenacle Almshouses, the, 228 
 
 Tailors' Benevolent Institution, 283 ; 
 Asylum, 284 
 
 Tallow Chandlers' Benevolent Society, 
 288 
 
 Tallow Chandlers' Company, charities 
 in the gift of, 200 
 
 Tasmania, bishopric of, 420 
 
 Tavern Keepers Provident Institu- 
 tion, 283 
 
 Taylour's (Dr.) benefactions to poor 
 pious clergymen, 251 
 
 Tea Dealers and Grocers' Benevolent 
 Protection Society, 281 
 
 Teeth, London Institution for Diseases 
 of the, 442 
 
 Tegg's Sheriff Fine Scholarship, 350 
 
 Temperance Society, British and Fo- 
 reign, 91 ; National, 91 ; World's 
 Convention, 92 
 
 Tennison's (Abp.) Grammar School 
 and Library, 340; early support of 
 the Gospel Society, 409 
 
 Tenterden-street Academy of Music, 
 352 
 
 Thames Church Mission Society, the, 
 389 
 
 Thanksgiving Collections, the, for In- 
 fant Orphan Asylimi, 301 ; for La- 
 bourers Friend, 87 
 
 Thavies' Estate referred to, 218 
 
 Theatrical Fund, Covent-garden, 276 ; 
 Drury-lane, 276 ; Association Ge- 
 neral, 276 
 
 Times' Scholarships, Christ's Hos- 
 pital, 332 ; City of London School, 
 350 
 
 Tonbridge School referred to, 327 
 
 Tottenham-court.road Soup Kitchen, 
 124 
 
 Tower Hamlets' Dispensary for Chil- 
 di-en, 71 
 
 Town Mission Society, 388 
 
 Tract Society, English Monthly, 375 j 
 Religious, 374; Weekly, 375; 
 Christian, 441 
 
 Trades and Professions, benevolent 
 and provident benefit societies, 
 272 
 
 Training Institution, Church of Eng- 
 land Metropolitan, 368 
 
 Training Institution for Nurses, .58 
 
472 
 
 Wan. 
 
 Travellers (see Commercial) 
 Travers' bequests for apprenticing, 
 
 332; gifts to City School, 350 
 Trinitarian Bible Society, 407 
 Trinity Almshouses, 228; Hospital, 
 
 228 
 Trinity Hospital, or Norfolk College, 
 
 211 
 Trinity House, Corporation of, 228 
 Trotman's Charity School, 338 
 Trotman's Lectureship, 197 
 Truss Society, City of London, 45 ; 
 
 National, 45 
 Tunbridge Cottage Allotment, 87; 
 
 School referred to, 327 
 Turkey Company, the old, 217 
 Typographical Widow and Orphan 
 
 Fund, 274 
 
 Union Almshouses, Christian, 231 
 
 Unitarian associations, 441 
 
 United Law Clerks' Society, 269 
 
 United ServiceBenevolent Institution, 
 268 
 
 University College, 342; Hall, 342; 
 Hospital, 17; School, 344 
 
 University of London, 344 ; Regula- 
 tions of the Senate, 347 
 
 Upholders' Company, charities in the 
 gift ot, 200 
 
 Vaccine Institutions, 36 
 Vaccination, its origin, 36 ; the Act, 
 
 36 
 Van Dun's Almshouses, 228 
 VeUum-binders and Machine-rulers' 
 
 Pension Society, 274 
 Verrall Charitable Society, 43 
 Vice, Society for the Suppression of, 
 
 93 ; South London Institution, 
 
 106 
 Villages, plan for self-supporting, 150 
 Vintners' Company, almshouses in 
 
 trust of, 228 ; charities in the gift 
 
 of, 200 
 Virtuosi Provident Fund, 273 
 Visiting societies for relieving the poor 
 
 at their own habitations, 125 
 Visiting societies, religious, 387 
 Voluntary School Association, 371 
 
 Waller's, Sir W., proposal for an 
 Eye Infirmary, 39 
 
 Walleston's, Sir J., gift to Goldsmiths, 
 196 
 
 Walter's Almshouses, 229 
 
 Walton's, and others', gifts to Gold- 
 smiths, 196 
 
 Wanstead Asylum, the, for Infant Or- 
 phans, 300 
 
 Snkx. 
 
 Whi. 
 
 Washhouses for the labouring classes, 
 and Baths, 89 
 
 Watch Makers' Benevolent Institu- 
 
 tion, 278 
 Waterman's, Free, and Lighterman's 
 Almshouses, 233 
 
 Watson's, Shei-iff, improvement of 
 ragged schools, 391 
 
 Wax-chandlers' Company, charities in 
 the gift of, 201 
 
 Weavers Company, Almshouses in 
 trust of, 229 ; charities in the gift 
 of, 200 
 
 Weekly Tract Society, 375 
 
 Welsh charity school, 307 
 Wesleyan Methodist Missionary So- 
 ciety, 414 
 
 Wesleyan Missions previous to Soci- 
 ety (note to), 414; schools referred 
 to, 362 ; Wesley, Rev. John, origi- 
 nally a Missionary of the Gospel 
 Society, 409 
 
 West-end Nightly Refuge for the 
 Houseless, 119 
 
 Westby's Almshouses, 229 
 
 Western Dispensary, 76 
 
 Western General Dispensary, 75 
 
 Western City Dispensary, 75 
 
 Western Jewish free schools, 323 
 
 Western Jewish Philanthropic and 
 Pension society 145 
 
 West London Association, 442 
 
 West London Free Dispensary, 442 
 
 West London Homoeopathic Dispen- 
 sary, 79 
 
 West Metropolitan School, 324 
 
 Westminster parochial charity schools, 
 318 
 
 Westminster French Protestant cha- 
 rity school, 307 
 
 Westminster General Dispensary, 76 
 
 Westminster Hospital, 7 
 
 Westminster Penitent Female Asylum, 
 105 
 
 Westminster School, 336 ; original 
 foundation of, 326 
 
 Westminster Homceopathic Dispen- 
 sary, 80 
 
 Westminster (Royal) Ophthalmic Hos- 
 pital, 39 
 
 Westminster Ragged Dormitory, 395 
 
 West-street Ragged School, 394 
 
 West's, J. & F., gifts to cloth workers, 
 194 ; ditto University exhibitions, 
 194; (Mrs.) bequests to Christ's 
 Hospital, 333 
 
 Westmoreland Society, 310 
 
 Whitbread's bequestto master brewers, 
 193 ; cancer ward to Middlesex 
 Hospital, 13 
 
 Whitechapel Baths andWashhouseM.SO 
 
473 
 
 Wil. 
 
 'Mn. 
 
 You. 
 
 White's, Dr., Foundation of Sion Col- 
 lege, 213 
 
 White s, Sir Thomas, Benefactions to 
 Merchant Tailors' school, 333 
 
 Whiteland's Training Institutions, 366 
 
 Whittemore's Hev. W. M., Plan for 
 cottage schools, 397 
 
 Whittington's, Sir R.,College,or Alms- 
 houses, 207 and 229 ; value of be- 
 quests, 198 
 
 Widows' Friend and Benevolent soci- 
 ety, 135 
 
 Widows' Fund, 254 
 
 Widows, Heather's Trust for the be- 
 nefit of poor, 193 
 
 Widows, society for relief of distressed, 
 135 
 
 Wilberforce's, Mr. W., measures forthe 
 discouragement of vice, 93 
 
 Williams's, Dr., Westminster scholar- 
 ship, 336 
 
 Williams's, Mrs. Sophia, Plan for 
 Adult Orphan Asylum, 298 
 
 Williams's, Sir Thomas, Foundation 
 of Royal Naval Female School, 
 353 ; part eniiowinent of ditto,354 
 
 Wilson's, Rev. Edward, foundation of 
 Camberwell grammar school, 337 
 
 Wiltshire Society, 170 
 
 Women, Hospital for, 34 ; and chil- 
 dren. Free Hospital for, 34 
 
 Worcestershire Society, 169 
 
 Working Banks,see savings' banks,l77 
 
 Workwomen, estimated niunber of, 
 159 ; societies for the protection of, 
 161 
 
 World's Temperance Convention, 92 
 
 Worozow's (Count) Almshouses, 232 
 
 Yearslet's, James, Eye and Ear In- 
 firmary, 41 ; Orthoponic Institute, 
 42 
 York's, Duke of, school, 302 
 Yorkshire Society's schools, 311 
 Young Men, Institutions for, 400 ; re- 
 ferred to, 91 
 
 Errata and Omissions. 
 
 Page 172, note {Irish Loan Funds), in number of Loans raised, 1846, 
 read " 319,083," not " 51 ,9a3. " 
 
 Page 193, tenth line from bottom, dele "see" before Heather's Trust. 
 
 Page 222, seventeenth line from bottom, read " Ayre," not " Lyre." 
 
 Omitted from page 258. — The Slock Exchange Fund was founded 1801, 
 and is for relieving the distress of old members, and their families, when 
 unprovided for ; intended, as its fundamental rule expresses it, " as a 
 stimulus to worthy conduct, and no person acting otherwise can be per- 
 mitted to derive any benefit from the fund itself, or transmit any allow- 
 able claim upon it to his family." As the characteristics of the fund 
 are, in essentials, the same as others of its class (chapter xiii),from which 
 it has been inadvertently omitted, it will be sufficient to add, that the 
 relief afforded varies from ;£50— to ^100 in special cases. Applications 
 for relief must be signed by at least six subscribers to the fund, and set 
 fonh, in detail, the claims of the applicant. One guinea annual, or ten 
 guineas donation, constitutes a member. Managed by a committee of 
 members of the Stock Exchange. Communications to be addressed " to 
 the Chairman of the Stock Exchange Fund, Capel-court." 
 
 31 
 
474 
 
 Page 285, under Master Bootmakers' Institution, read, " President, 
 Robert Tayler," not " Layler." 
 
 Page 331 , notes omitted : — 
 
 ^ The Lord Mayor's ex officio presentation is in addition to his annual 
 one as alderman. A donation of ^oUO is the usual quaUiication of a 
 governor ; but each alderman has the privilege of nominating one gover- 
 nor at half this amount. 
 
 ^ The 'Spital Sermon, or Hospital Sermon, is preached at Christ 
 Church every Easter Monday and Tuesday, en behalf of this and the 
 other four royal hospitals, when a printed summary is distributed of the 
 operations of each hospital during the year. On this occasion the Lord 
 Mayor and Corporation attend in state. 
 
 Page 332, under Christ's Hospital, read " twelve" Grecians, not " six- 
 teen." .\lso add, seventeenth line from top, that ' mathematical boys and 
 deputy Grecians remain at the school until sixteen." 
 
 Page 333, sixteenth line from top, dele " and F. W. Goldsmith," also 
 insert " Writing Masters, Mr. Richard Griggs, and Mr. H. J. Bowker." 
 
 Page 365, head line, dele "al" after " Education." 'i,\ i 
 
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