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THE
CjjaritJeH nf fntihii.
COMPREHENDING THE
BENEVOLENT, EDUCATIONAL, AND RELIGIOUS
INSTITUTIONS.
THEIR ORIGIN AND DESIGN, PROGRESS, AND
PRESENT POSITION.
SAMPSON LOW, Junior.
That renown our city."
-"These are the memorials
DEDICATED, BY SPECIAL FEBMISSION, TO
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE ALBERT.
LONDON :
SAMPSON LOW, 169, FLEET STREET.
M.DCCC.L.
hV
.b
^^WA'^
C.^^'^"^'
l-O.NDON :
BICUA'^DS, PBI.VTLB, 100, ST. MARTIs's LANK.
WHOSE MUNIFICENT PATRONAGE OF BRITISH CHARITIES
ADDiS LUSTRE TO THE DIGNITY OP HIS EXALTED STATION,
THIS VOLUME, WITH HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS'S GRACIOUS
PERMISSION, IS RESPECTFULLY AND MOST GRATEFULLY
INSCRIBED,
BY HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS'S FAITHFUL
AND VERY OBEDIENT SERVANT,
SAMPSON LOW, JUNB.
iS^S^
An attempt has been made in the following pages to
afiford an impartial and comprehensive statement of
the charities in our great metropolis and its vicinity,
with the two-fold purpose and hope, of assistmg the
benevolent to apply the benefits required by the necessi-
tous, — and of presenting, by a concise exposition of ob-
jects, operations, and means of support of each institution,
their corresponding claims to individual cooperation : and
should the work be favoured with anything of a circula-
tion, the author looks forward with some degree of hope
to its being recognized by the liberal, as an interesting
and judicious companion in the arrangement of their
benefactions ; and by the inquirer on behalf of the un-
fortunate and afflicted, as a serviceable and trustworthy
guide.
A lengthened table of contents, and its essential auxi-
liary, a copious index, being given, and each chapter
preceded by remarks on the general character of the
institutions therein contained, accompanied by what he
hopes will prove useful as well as interesting statistics,
but little is left for the author to notice, except refer-
ence to, or explanation of, one or two points for which
a preface is generally, if at all, consulted.
First, in regard to the general character of the book,
and the information it affords; as some guarantee may
be expected of its authenticity and pretensions to cor-
rectness, it may be well to state, that it has chiefly been
gleaned from the publications of the institutions them- /
selves, from personal inquiry and investigation thereon,
and from communications with the persons who take
active interest in the administration of their funds and
general management. The endeavour has been to render,
under each institution, a distinct and full account, ab-
stracted from the general connexion running throughout,
so as for all pui'poses of reference to require the perusal
of such account alone. On the one hand, this variety of
sources from whence the information is obtained, num-
bering, in publications alone, five hundred, all requiring
careful consideration, will secure some allowance for
inadvertent errors and omissions ; and on the other, the
desire to render the information distinct, will account
for much of the desultory character of the work as a
composition.
Beyond these sources from whence the materials of
the work have been derived, the author's acknowledg-
ments are specially due to the assistance he has had
rendered him in the course of his inquiries by personal
friends, and by the secretaries of several of the societies :
and it is gratifying to be able to recur to the rarity of
instances he has met with of disinclination to afford the
required particulars. The plan of the present work, it is
well to add, has been chiefly founded upon two little pub-
lications, which may be well termed its pioneers. The
first, compiled in 1836, with the assistance of John
Brownlow, Esq., entitled, A Pocket Guide to the Chari-
ties of London. — The second, an enlargement of the
same work, and published in 1844, under the title of
The Metropolitan Charities, compiled by the present
writer. Amongst other works consulted for the purpose,
and to which, in each case where quotations have been
made, reference has been given, are Highmore's Chari-
ties of London ; various papers in Knight's London,
by Messrs. Piatt, Saunders, and others ; Report of the
Commissioners on Endowed Charities — (Sherwood) ;
Parliamentary Returns and Reports of the latest date ;
Mr. P. Cunningham's London; Mr. H. Dixon's Pri-
sons of London; Mr. Haydn's valuable Dictionary of
Dates ; Dr. Hoole's History of Missions ; Liber Scholas-
ticus, and other works, the omission of particular refer-
ence to which is anything but intentional.
Secondly, as regards arrangement of detail, the de-
sire having been to show no preference in order of
arrangement, or otherwise, wherever there are two or
more institutions of the same character, the date of
organization has invariably decided the point of prece-
dence. The titles of each institution have had particular
attention paid to them, with a view of the work being
useful, amongst other pui^poses, as a legal reference ;
and for this end, as well as to avoid confusion with
recently defunct societies, a list of such will be found
appended at the end. With respect to the amount of
income of each society, and other statistics relating
thereto, it was the desire, in accordance with repeated
suggestions, to have afforded a more definite and com-
parative tabular view of such details respectively, but
qualifying causes could not then have been given ; and,
in some few instances, it was found such information,
however interesting, might tell injuriously. The author,
therefore, has contented himself with presenting a con-
densed summary of such statistics at the commencement
of each chapter ; and under the account of the various
institutions respectively, the same in detail. His simple
object, as before stated, has been, without fear or favour,
fairly to represent every London charity ; but not for
the purpose of satisfying mere curiosity; and much
would he regret to prejudice unnecessarily the judgment
against any one, even by inference.
Lastly, much extraneous information will be found, not
strictly within the pretensions of the work ; and perhaps
several institutions may be inserted, which cannot, by any
construction, be termed charities. But it is hoped the
desire to render perfect, by affording the collateral and
additional information where it was difficult to draw the
distinction, will not obtain for it the character of omit-
ting others between which a gi'eater affinity may appear
to exist, — the author undertaking to render complete
such only as come within the description of London
charities. In his desire to prevent this volume from
extending to an unnecessary length, he has also been
compelled, in many instances, to limit his notice, and to
withhold secondary information which he has acquired
in the course of his investigations ; but he takes this
opportunity of stating that he shall at all times be happy
to answer inquiries respecting matters connected there-
with, or to render any assistance in his power to those
who are either desirous of assisting the institutions
themselves,! or of obtaining the benefit of their opera-
tions for their fellow-creatures.
The publication is now committed to the public in the
earnest hope that the labour bestowed upon it has not
been in vain. Whatever its shortcomings and imper-
fections, it must, to a certain extent, be deemed valu-
able, as presenting not only a condensed view of what
is effected, but because it will have the tendency of
stimulating to further efforts, by developing what is
left undone. As a whole, it cannot fail to be recog-
nized as a splendid memorial of our city's wealth and
liberality, and it will serve to illustrate, to an important
extent, that Christianity is the actuating principle of
our social usefulness no less than individual virtue ; for
the constraining influence of the love of Christ is, and
ever must be, the grand motive which prompts to admi-
nister help in destitution and relief in suffering. To
this fostering principle, it is to be hoped, may be traced
the chief portion of this machinery of benevolence, no
less than our own sympathies in its behalf, and our own
contributions and exertions for its support, — for " the
end of the commandment is charity," and " love is the
^ With a view of rendering such information complete, as well as
securing correct accounts of each society for future editions of our work,
it is particularly requested of the secretaries or other managers, that a
copy of every new report of their institutions be forwarded to the pub-
lisher; as also intimation of vacancies, appointments, alterations of rules,
etc.
fulfilling of the law"; without Christian charity, we are
assured that " all our doings are nothing worth". No
words, perhaps, can better serve as a conclusion to these
few prefatory remarks, than the beautiful collect of the
English Church, the spirit of which ought to encom-
pass all our charitable efforts, and peculiarly applicable,
in its comprehensive words, to the present volume : —
" O Lord, who has taught us that all our doings without
" Charity are nothing worth, send thy Holy Ghost, and
" pour into our hearts that most excellent gift of Charity,
" the very bond of peace and of all virtues ; without
" which, whosoever liveth is counted dead before thee.
" Grant this for thine only Son Jesus Christ's sake.
*' Amen."
S. L.
Great James-street, Bedford-row.
June I, 1850.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
CHAEITIES FOR AFFORDING MEDICAL TREATMENT AND RELIEF.
The five Royal Hospitals enumerated and referred to. — Remarks upon
Hospital accommodation. — The General Hospitals: — St. Bar-
tholomew's. — St. Thomas's. — ^Westminster. — Guy's. — St. George's.
— London. — Middlesex. — Charing Cross. — Royal Free.— King's
College. — University. — Mai-ylebone ... . .1
CHAPTER II.
HOSPITALS, INFIRMARIES, AND OTHER MEDICAL INSTITU-
TIONS FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES.
Seaman's Hospital. — Spanish and Portuguese Jews'. — German Hos-
pital. — London Fever. — Hospitals and Infirmaries for Consump-
tion. — Sanatorium for Madeira. — Royal Sea-bathing Infirmary. —
lying-in Charities. — Hospitals for Women and Children. — Small-
pox Hospital and Vaccination Institutions. — Ophthalmic. — Diseases
of the Ear. — Orthopoedic Hospital. — Spinal Institutions. — Lock
Hospital. — Fistula and Truss Societies. — Glandrilar and Skin Dis-
eases. — Convalescent and Invalid Asylums. — Lunatic and Idiot
Asylums, — Training Institutions for Nurses . . . .19
CHAPTER III.
DISPENSARIES FOR GENERAL PURPOSES.
General remarks. — Central disti-icts. — Northern districts. — Southern
distiicts. — Eastern districts. — Western districts. — Homoeopathic . 61
CHAPTER IV.
FOR THE PRESERVATION OF HUMAN LIFE, HEALTH, AND
PUBLIC MORALS.
The Humane Societies. — Sanitary Improvement Measures. — Model
Buildings for Poor. — Establishments for Baths andWashhouses. —
Early Closing. — Temperance Societies. — Prevention of Vice
CONTENTS. XI
CHAPTER V.
CHARITIFS FOR RECLAIMING THE FALLEN, THE REFORMATION
OF CRIMINALS, AND STATING THE PROGRESS OF CRIME.
The Foundling, Magdalen, and Lock Hospitals. — Female Peniten-
tiaries. — Philanthropic Societies lor Females, and Reformation of
Young Offenders. — Schools of Reform and Occupation. — General
Penitentiaries . . . . . . . .(95
CHAPTER VI.
CHARITIES FOR THE RELIEF OF THE DESTITUTE AND
DISTRESSED.
Institutions affording immediate Food and Shelter. — The Mendicity.
— The Nightiy Shelters for the Houseless. — The contemplated Sa-
maritan Society. — Coal, Bread, and Soup Societies. — Institutions
for visiting, investigating, and relieving the Necessitous. — The
Strangers' Friend. — The General District Visiting Society. — The
New General Association. — Local Visiting Societies . . 116
CHAPTER VIL
SOCIETIES FOR THE RELIEF OF THE DISTRESS OF PARTICULAR
CLASSES.
Widows.— Prisoners for Debt. — Destitute Sailors. — Distressed Scotch.
— Foreigners in Distress — French — Germans — Poles — and Jews.
— Summary of Jewish Charities for the Poor . . . .134
CHAPTER VIIL
FOR DIMINISHING DISTRESS, AND AIDING THE RESOURCES
OF THE INDUSTRIOUS.
National Philanthropic Association for the Employment of Able-
bodied Paupers. — Plan for Church of England Self-supporting Vil-
lage Institution. — Emigration: the Societies for its Promotion. — '•;
Scale of Reduced Payments for Colonial Emigration. — Emigration
to Port Natal. — The Canterbury Settlement. — Female Emigration.
— Funds for Promoting the Social and Religious Improvement of
the Emigrants. — Distressed Needlewomen's Society. — Dressmakers'
and Milliners' Association. — Homes, and other Institutions, for
Female Servants. — Deferred Annuities rendered available to Fe-
male Servants — Servants' Benevolent Society. — Loan Societies:
the Difficulty of their Existence upon Benevolent Principles. — Par-
ticulars of those now in Existenoe.^ — Apprenticeship Societies. —
Bequests for Loans — Fees — and Marriage Portions. — Savings'
Banks : their Origin, — Summary of those in London, with the Rate
of Interest allowed by each, and the Amount of Deposits, &c. —
Savings' Working Banks, and Penny Banks .... 148
XU CONTENTS.
CHAPTER IX.
CHARITIKS FOB THE BLIND, AND DEAF, AND DCMB.
Visiting the Indigent Blind —Teaching the Blind to read. — School
for the Indigent Blind. — Annuities for the Necessitous Blind. —
Asylum for the Education and Support of the Indigent Deaf and
Dumb. — Charitable and ProvidentFund forthe Deaf and Dumb. —
Employment and Keligious Instruction of the Adult Deaf and
Dumb . . ....... 179
CHAPTER X.
CHAHITABLE GIFTS ARISING FROM ENDOWMENTS AND GIFTS.
The Companies of the City of London in their Charitable Character.
— Their origin. — The extent of their Trusts for Gifts and other cha-
ritable purposes.- A Summary of the principal charitably endowed.
— Parochial and other Trusts referred to. —The Patriotic Fund. —
Cholmondeley Charity.— The Maundy Gifts.- The Flood Distribu-
tion ......... 190
CHAPTER XI.
ASYLUMS FOR THE AGED.
General Remarks upon their Number, Value, and Annual Endow,
ment — Comparative decrease of Foundations, with gradual rise
of Workhouses, and increased Poor's-Rate. — General Summary of
present condition, &c. — St. Katharine's Hospital, Whittington's
College, and other similar Establishments, arranged according to
date of original foundation. — Stafford's Almshouses, and general
condensed Account of the Endowed Almshouses connected with the
Metropolis. — Licensed Victuallers', and Asylums of more recent
establishment ........ 203
CHAPTER XII.
CHARITABLE AND BENEVOLENT PENSION SOCIETIES.
The peculiar recommendation of Charitable Pension Societies ; their
modem Establishment and present Extent.— General Summary of
Incomes, Number of Pensioners, etc. — The National Benevolent —
Flan of Polling Votes ; the Aggregate, and the Year's Polls. — City
of London. — Royal General, and other Pension Societies. — The new
institution. The British Beneficent. — Weekly Pensions for Poorer
Classes. — For Roman Catholics.— Fund for Natives of Cumberland,
and for Masons .... ...
CHAPTER XIII.
CHARITABLE AND PROVIDENT BENEFIT SOCIETIES.
Their general Character, Objects, and Operation, and relative Extent,
considered.— The three classes of Charitable, Provident and Bene-
volent, and Provident — Queen Anne's Bounty, and other Funds,
for Clergymen and Ministers.— The Literary Fund, and Societies
CONTENTS. XUl
for Artists. — Schoolmasters and Governesses. — Naval and Mili-
tary. — Choral.— Law. — Medical. — Booksellers' and other Profes-
sion and Trade Funds. — Funds for the Distressed amongst old
Etonians and Blues ; also. Foundlings in old age . . . 247
CHAPTEB XIT.
EDUCATIONAL CHARITIES FOR ORPHANS AND OTHER
NECESSITOUS CHILDREN.
General Statement of Asylums : their Number, Income, and Extent.
Orphan Asylums : The Clergy. — Female Orphan. — Orphan Work-
ing. — London. — British. — Adult. — Infants". — Cholera. —Agricultu-
ral. — And Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans. General Asylums : St.
Anne's. — Bancroft's. — Raine's. — The Ladies'. — For Training Ser-
vsmts. — French Protestant. — Welsh.^Caledoniau. — St. Patrick's. —
Westmoreland. — Yorkshire. — Masonic. — Travellers'. — Victuallers'.
— And Naval and Marine. Parochial Schools : their Origin, Bene-
fits, and present Extent, — Examples afforded. Schools of Local
Character, or specified objects : Germans. — Associated Catholic. —
Irish Schools. — And Jewish Charities . . • . 291
CHAPTER XV.
EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS, COLLEGES, AND GRAMMAR
SCHOOLS.
Extent of the Endowments for Classical and Grammar Schools. —
Their Value to the Middle Classes. — Their Origin and Progress. —
Value of London Endowments : of Rugby and Tunbridge Schools.
— Summary of Educational Endowments in London, Classical
Fovindation Schools : St. Paul's and Mercers' Schools. — Christ's
Hospital. — Merchant Taylors'. — Westminster. — Charter House, —
and others. — Summary of Schools originally Grammar and Classi-
cal. — Collegiate Lectures, etc. — Colleges and Modem Schools :
Stepney. — Highbury. — Homerton. — St. John's Wood, etc. — Univer-
sity College and King's College. — Queen's College. — City of Lon-
don. — Islington. — Philological School, — and others. — Royal Aca-
demy of Music. — And Royal Naval and Female Schools. . . 326
CHAPTER XVI.
INSTITUTIONS FOR AIDING AND IMPROVING NATIONAL EDUCATION.
The Object of promoting Christian Knowledge closely identified with
that of educating the Poor. — The Necessity for Extension of Na-
tional Education recognized. — The Difl'erence of Opinion as to its
Character. — Secular and Religious Education. — Views of the pre-
sent Government, and their Measures — Summary of the Institu-
tions contained in this Chapter, with their Aggregate Amount of
Income, etc. — Committee of Privy Council. — Kneller Hall. — Bell
and Lancaster's First Efforts. — The British, National, Infant, and
other School Societies. — Metropolitan School Statistics. — Metropo-
:1V CONTENTS.
litan and Cheltenham Training Schools. — Educational Boards. —
Institutions for the Diffusion of Christian Knowledge and Influence.
— Lord's Pay Society. — Protestant and Reformation Societies. —
Church Extension and Clerical Aid Fund.— Christian Visiting, hy
Pastoral and Lay Agents. — Ragged Schools. — Cottage Schools.— "^
Sunday Schools. — Institute for Teachers. — Young Men's Societie*. 365
CH.\PTER XVII.
BIBLE AND MISSIONARY SOCIETIES.
The Missionary Cause. — Its comparatively feeble Agencies. — Total
Amount expended through the Metropolitan Societies. — A General
Summary of their present Resources and Extent. — Bible Societies:
The British and Foreign. — The Trinitarian, — and Naval and Mili-
tary. — Missionary Societies of General Operations, aiTanged accord-
ing to Date of Organization: The Gospel. — The Baptist. — The
London. — The Church. — The Wesleyan. — Female Education in the
East — The Scotch Church. — Continental : The Foreign Aid. — Co-
lonial: The Negro Conversion. — The Mico Fund. — Newfoundland.
— The Ladies'. — Negro Society. — Colonial Church. — Bishoprics'
Fund. — The Colonial, with oiher Funds connected with the Baptist
and Congregational Unions. — Mission and School Societies for Ire-
land and Scotland : London Hibernian — Ladies' ditto. — Sunday
School.— Religious Tract. — Scripture Reader.— Irish Society. —
Irish Church Missions. — Royal Highland School. — Scottish Epis-
copal. — Jewish Missions, etc. : The London — The British. — The
Operative Convert. — Moral Improvement and Training of Jews :
The Ladies' Society. — The Industrial Society. — The Syrian Educa-
tion, — and German Mission ...... 403
CHAPTER XVin.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Institutions not comprehended under previous subjects. — Evangelical
Alliance. — Peace Society. — Aborigines Society. — Anti-Slavery So-
ciety. — Blockade of the African Coast. — Petition of the Church
Missionary Society. — African Civilization. — Temporary Funds for
Irish Disti-ess, and British Workpeople in France. — Irish Amelio-
ration Society. — List of Societies ceased to exist, within the last few
years.— Form of Cliaritable Bequest. — Congregational Associations
and Collections : Examples aff'orded of Amounts in aid for one
year, with usual Local Charities attached to Parish Churches, and
District and Dissenting Chapels. — General Summary and Review.
— Concluding Remarks. .... . . 4.33
Index ......... 464
Errata . . ....... 473
CHAPTER I.
CHARITIES FOR AFFORDING MEDICAL
TREATMENT AND RELIEF.
Thk five Royal Hospitals enumerated and referred to. — Remarks upon
Hospital accommodation.
The General Hospitals : — St. Bartholomew's. — St. Thomas's. —
Westminster. — G uy's. — St. George's. — London. — Middlesex. — Char-
ing Cross. — Royal Free. — King's College. — University. — Marylebone.
The Five Royal Hospitals, commonly known as such,
and designated "The Koyal Hospitals of the City of London,
under the pious care of the Right Honourable the Lord
Mayor, Aldermen, and Governors thereof", are referred to
here, because often erroneously spoken of as Medical Hos-
pitals; particular accounts thereof will be found in their
respective divisions in this work ; they are, — St. Baktho-
LOMEw's; Christ's Hospital; St. Thomas's; Bridewell;
and Bethlehem.
These establishments were first united for purposes of
administration in 1557, and their affairs were managed by
one General Board until 1782, when, by an Act passed 22nd
George III, cap. 77, it was provided, that they should be
under the care of the Corporation, but each placed on its
present footing under distinct internal government, with
the exception of Bethlehem and Bridewell, which were re-
tained under one and the same management.
1
Qmmi MtWii inspitHls.
The General Medicai, Hospitals are twelve ; and, with
two exceptions, have all been established within the last one
hundred and twenty years, five of them within the last
thirty-five years ; so that in this respect, at least, we must not
give all the credit to a past age. True it is, that the increased
value of property has enabled the two old foundations to
render one-third of the whole benefits of these hospitals ;
but that forms no evidence of a greater exercise of charity
than in our own day : and encouraging is it to see the exten-
sive and generous exertions daily made for the relief of our
fellow-creatures, both medically, pecuniarily, and spiritually.
Indeed, upon a review of the diiFerent charities in London,
since our inquiry of 1842, we are led to the directly opposite
conclusion of Sir Robert Peel's; who stated, two years back,
whilst advocating the claims of King's College Hospital,
that " there was reason to deplore, as regarded the founda-
tion of Hospitals, that charity had waxed cold, and we had
much degenerated from the piety of our forefathers. Out of
the ten general hospitals of London, seven were in existence
one hundred years since. From that time there had only
been the addition of three Hospitals, and those on the most
limited scale." Now, apart from the false inference respect-
ing piety, this statement is at variance with facts, as will at
once be seen by comparison with the remark we commenced
with and the statistics of our work generally. The right
honourable baronet's assertion would not have been quoted
here, but for its having apparently been preserved, like many
of his dicta, to use as future authority ; and thus it was this
portion of a speech of 1847, acquired suflScient prominence
in 1850 to merit notice and refutation. Many grounds of
abatement to the force of his remarks occur to us ; specially
noting, first, the small value of the original foundation of
St. Bartholomew's and St. Thomas's Hospitals. The former,
Stowe informs us, was, previous to 1544, dependant on an
annual income of ,£371, about £290 of which was derived
from London rents, (now producing, with recent additions,
.£17,000 per annum); and it has been by modern benefactors
that the funded property has so greatly increased, that the
present total income reaches £'32,000. The latter hospital,
we learn from a similar source, had likewise its early strug-
gles; so much so, that in 1564, the treasurer for the time
was compelled to advance its funds a loan of £100, and, five
years afterwards, half that sum was raised by pawning a
EXTENT OF ACCOMMODATION.
lease. So that the present rich endowment of this hos-
pital, of some £25,000 a-year, must be traced more to the
same causes, of greatly increased value of rents, and ac-
cumulation of benevolent donations of centuries, than to
the generosity of any particular age. On the other hand,
we can cite signal instances, nearer our own time, of princely
generosity, concentrated, singularly enough, on one esta-
blishment ; viz., the building and endowment of Guy's by
one individual, at an actual cost of ,£220,000, in 1724,
and a similar bequest of .£200,000 from another, only in
1829 (vide page 9).
The special hospitals too, such as the Hospital for Con-
sumption, and many others referred to in the following
pages, with the valuable labours of some thirty or forty
modern dispensaries and infirmaries, must all be taken into
consideration as developing the exercise of present charitable
support towards institutions for medical relief : not to men-
tion the recent establishment of the promising Hospital for
Marylebone, the exertions on behalf of an extension of
the benefits of King's College Hospital, the enlargement of
the Middlesex, and the University, and the now, it is to be
hoped, really efiicient operations of the Royal Free Hospital.
There are persons also who draw disparaging comparisons
as regards the hospital accommodation of other countries, as
well as that of other times. Paris is instanced as affording a
more perfect system, and upon a more extensive scale. This
is in part true ; and we do not for one moment attempt to
maintain that the hospital accommodation for this great
metropolis is nearly sufficient : we much wish to see it
augmented ; but would hesitate before advocating this to
the extent that it is in some of the cities of Europe; for
much of a social question is involved in this diflerence, and
from the very habits of Englishmen, it would be difficult
even to create a demand for hospitals, beyond what is re-
quired for the extreme necessities of the poor, or emergent
casualties of the wealthier. W6 are nationally adverse
to the publicity contingent on hospital treatment, and too
much accustomed to the privacy of home and the comforts of
domestic arrangements: this may be in part prejudice ; but
it is the same feeling actuates the middle and upper classes
in this respect, as amongst the poorer orders renders the
workhouse a dreaded and last resource.
In Paris, thirty in every hundred deaths occur within the
§mmi MtWsi inscitals.
hospitals ; but in London, only five in every hundred : and
much as the limited extent of our hospitals accounts for this
difference, sure we are that the grounds we have advanced
do so more, or the present demand and consequent exertions
would bear a closer proportion to the deficiency existing.
But, however we may admit an inferiority in extent of
hospital accommodation, their efficiency as regards skilful
treatment and medical science is not to be surpassed ; and
as schools for medicine and surgery, their inflluence for
universal ultimate benefit is freely acknowledged. Indeed,
were our London hospitals viewed only in this light, they
would have sufficient claim on public gratitude to merit
adequate and liberal support. By them the skill of the most
eminent practitioners of the day is made subservient to
general benefit ; and thus it may well be said of these
institutions, that "their beneficial effects are visible on
thousands, and their indirect advantages felt by tens of
thousands."
We have treated of the respective particulars relating to
each hospital, under their several titles ; but it may not be
uninteresting to conclude these few remarks with their ag-
gregate statistics : —
Present number of General Hospitals : two
founded before 1600, five between 1718
and 1745, and five between 1818 and 1850 12
Sum total of annual incomes . . £142,906
Of which the voluntary contributions com-
prise ..... £31,265
Making up beds to the number of . . 3,326
Capable of affording additional room by a
slight increase of receipts . . . 796
Total number of persons under treatment
as In and Out-patients during twelve
months, 1848-9 .... 329,608
ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S. MMui in5|lital5. A.D. 1122
ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL, Smithfield.
Founded 1102. This establishment was founded by Rahere,
the minstrel of King Henry I, who, having founded the
Priory of St. Bartholomew in the year 1102, connected with
it, about the year 11 22, this hospital " for the continued relief
and help of an hundred sore and diseased." At the sup-
pression of monasteries in 1537, the Priory and Hospital,
and their revenues, came into the possession of Henry VIII ;
who, in 1547,1 refounded the hospital by royal charter.
From this, its second foundation, St. Bartholomew's Hos-
pital has increased in three hundred years to more than five
times its original extent ; and the Governors have removed
within the last seven years valuable property on the North
side of the principal entrance in Smithfield, and have erected
on the site thereof a spacious Surgery, which is open at all
hours of the day and night for persons requiring medical or
surgical assistance, with additional wards, and a theatre for
operations adjoining.
All fees on the admission of patients have been abolished ;
and the accommodation for the in-patients is so extended as
to admit 580 beds. In the year 1848, 71,573 patients were
relieved ; including 5,826 in-patients, 19,149 out-patients,
and 46,598 casualty.
The present number of Governors is 339, and the qualifi-
cation of a Governor^ is a benefaction of .£100.
Accidents, and all cases of emergency, are admitted im-
mediately ; ordinary cases of disease are admitted by pre-
senting themselves at the hospital on Thursdays by 11
o'clock.
Four Scholarships, each tenable for three years, of the
annual value of £45 and £50, are available to students, who
have likewise the use of the valuable museums of anatomy,
^ The greatest individual benefactor to the Hospital, since the founder,
was Dr. Radcliffe, who left a foundation of i6oOO a-year " towards mend-
ing the diet," and ^100 a-year for purchase of linen." Hogarth was
made a Governor for gratuitously painting the grand staircase.
2 By an act of parliament of 1782 (22nd George III, Chapter 77),
the control and management of the Hospital was vested in the President,
Treasurer, and Governors, who should be chosen at the General Courts,
together with the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of the city of London, and
twelve members of the Court of Common Council, appointed by their
own body.
ST. THOMAS'. MMUI inSpitalS. A.D. 1553
materia medica, and botany, and a convenient reading-room,
adapted exclusively to the purpose of study ; these form
part of the same building as the Medical Theatre (built
in 1835), to which the library has been also removed. The
Governors have, since 1843, admitted pupils to residence
within the walls of the hospitals ; such are termed Collegiate
Pupils,
The income of this hospital averages £32,000 per annum,
not more than ^500 of which is derived from present bene-
factors ; the chief portion comprising rents of estates in
town and country ; the remainder, dividends on stock and
annuities.
A Samaritan Fund was formed in the year 1845, for the
purpose of alleviating the wants of poor industrious patients,
upon their quitting the hospital, with money, clothes, etc.
This fund is dependent upon the voluntary contributions of
the Governors and the public, and is altogether distinct from
the revenues of the hospital. It is under the management of
a committee of the Governors. Since its formation, upwards
of 2,000 persons have been partakers of its benefits.
President, John Kinnersley Hooper, Esq., Alderman. — Trea-
surer, James Bentley, Esq.- — Vicar and Hospitaler, Rev. Samuel
Wix, M.A. — Assistant Hospitaler, Rev. Walter Mitchell, M.A.—
Physicians, Clement Hue, M.D., George Leith Roupell, M.D.,
George Burrows, M.D. — Assistant Physicians, Frederick Farre,
M.D., Henry Jeafireson, M.D., Patrick Black, M.D., — Surgeons,
William Lawrence, Esq., Edward Stanley, Esq., Eusebius A.
Lloyd, Esq. — Assistant Surgeons, Frederick C. Skey, Esq., Tliomas
Wormald, Esq., James Paget, Esq. — Clerk, William Wix, Esq. —
Solicitor, Edward Archer Wilde, Esq. — Surveyor, Philip Hard-
wick, Esq. — Renter, Mr. lliomas Wilby. — Steward, Mr. Robert
Harry Sparkes. — Matron, Miss Charlotte Baker.
ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL, Southwark. Founded
1553,1 for sick and diseased poor persons ; and is one of the
five royal foundations.
During the past year there have been cured and dis-
charged from this hospital, of sick, wounded, maimed, and
diseased persons, 4,340 in-patients, and 51,996 medical and
surgical out-patients, including casualties, some of whom
^ Originally a religious establishment ; foimded by the " Prior of Ber-
iDondseye" in 1213 ; the estate was surrendered to the king in l.'iiaO, and
purchased by the city of Leaden, and a charter obtained, in 1551.
WESTMINSTER. MMui %n5|litfll5. A.D. 1719
have been relieved with money and necessaries at their de-
parture, to accommodate and support them in their journeys
to their several habitations. Buried from thence, 276. Re-
maining under cure, in-patients, 398 ; out-patients and casu-
alties, 2,700 : Total, 59,710. The hospital has accommoda-
tion for 428 beds. The two wings were rebuilt upon the
formation of the approaches to London Bridge ; and they
alone afford room for 160.
Patients for admission, stating their complaints, may re-
ceive a petition at the steward's office, to be signed by a
housekeeper, who must engage to remove the patient on dis-
charge or death, or pay £l. Is. for funeral. Day of admis-
sion, Tuesday morning at ten.
Surgical accidents are received into the hospital at all
hours of the day and night. Very urgent cases of fever and
inflammation are also received whenever there is an empty
bed.
The qualification of a Governor is a donation of .£50.
" Special Governors" consist chiefly of elected retired officers,
and the executors of benefactors. Like the other large hos-
pitals, the funds are in a satisfactory condition. The present
income averages ^'25,000, very little if any of which depends
on the fluctuation of public contributions. The rents of
London and country estates alone realize 24,000 a-year, and
the dividends about XI, 000.^
President, Sir John Pirie, Bart. — Treasurer, Richard Baggallay,
Esq. — Hospitaler, Rev. John Teeson, M.A. — Rector, Rev. W.
Deey. — Physicians, T. A. Barker, M.D., H. B. Leeson, M.D.,
J. R. Bennett, M.D. — Assistant Physicians, R. H. Goolden, M.D.,
D. W. Cohen, M.D., T. B. Peacock, M.D.— Surgeons, Joseph H.
Green, John F. South, G. W. M'Murdo, Esqrs. — Assistant Sur-
geons, S. Solly, J. Dixon, F. Le Gros Clark, Esqrs. — Apothecary,
Mr. G. R. Whitfield.— Clerk, Robert A. Wainewright, Esq.—
Steward, Mr. Frederick Walker.
THE WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL, Broad Sanctuary,
opposite Westminster Abbey. Founded 1719. Incorporated
1836. It is scarcely credible, so much as is done to provide
additional hospital accommodation, that there should remain
in this building as many as three wards unfurnished and
^ In 1569 the funds were at so low an ebb that a lease was pawned
for £oO.
WESTMINSTER. ^MUJ MMI^MS. A.P. 1719
unoccupied, containing space for as many as fifty beds ; yet
so it is, and has been for some years ;i and the committee
state in their present report, that in order to render the in-
creased benefits available, but ^1500 a-year additional is
required. Does it not strike every person who is cognizant
of the poverty and distress of the neighbourhood, how pre-
ferable it would be at once to aid in extending the useful-
ness of a long tried institution, to establishing new ones — so
long as the former is capable of being extended ? It is very
desirable that the committee should make the fact more
known, and that exertion should at once be made.
The hospital at the present time receives during the year,
1,891 in-patients, and treats 13,479 out ; and makes up 174
beds : these are always full, and, in consequence, admission
is often refused to even argent cases : two-thirds of the cases
received have been without letters of recommendation. The
committee meet at the hospital every Tuesday at one o'clock.
Subscribers are entitled to recommend one in-patient and
two out-patients for every guinea annual or ^10 donation.
Three guineas annual, or .£30 donation, constitutes a Gover-
nor. As before intimated, the funds are greatly below the
needful extent of the hospital ; its present amount of income
is but £4,000, nearly half of which arises from dividend^ of
what is now rapidly decreasing stock. It is the oldest hos-
pital supported by voluntary contributions.
Lithotriptic Fund — lately handed over to this hospital, was
raised for the express purpose of founding an institution for
special treatment of patients. Sufficient, however, not
being collected, it is in immediate contemplation to open
one of the unoccupied wards for the purpose. The amount
in hand for this is as yet, however, only j£l,319.
Incurable Patients.'^ Attached to this hospital is likewise a
fund, consisting of the dividends of about .£17,000, disbursed
" for the maintenance, clothing, etc., of seven incurable pa-
tients for one year," at an annual cost of .£503, including
wages and board of one nurse for them.
President, the Duke of Northumberland. — Treasurers: the
Hon. Philip PleydeU Bouverie ; Charles Hoare, Esq. — Consult-
ing Physician, John Bright, M.D. — Physicians : G. Hamilton
^ The present building was erected in 1834. The old Hospital had
accommodation for 90 beds only.
^ Incurable Patients — vide note at foot of Middlesex Hospital.
GUY'S. Mi'hM inspitals. a.d. 1724
Roe, M.D., P. Nugent Kingston, MD., W. R. Basham, M.D.
— Consulting Surgeon, G. J. Guthrie, Esq. — Surgeons : W. B.
Lynn, Esq., F. Hale Thomson, Esq., B. Phillips, Esq., Barnard
W. Holt, Esq. — Dentist, J. Chitty Glen don, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs.
Hoare, Fleet-street. — Chaplain, Rev. William Henry Cope, M.A.
— Apothecary, Mr. F. W. Barlow. — Cupper and Collector, Mr. G.
F. Knox.— Matron, Miss Elizabeth Eager. — Secretary, Mr. F. J.
Wilson.
GUrS HOSPITAL, Southwark. Founded 1724. For
sick and diseased poor persons, both as in and out-patients,
making up 580 beds. The average number of in-patients at
one time is 500, and the entire annual average of patients,
50,000. The admission is on Wednesday at ten o'clock.
Accidents are taken in at all times. Physicians' out-patients
must apply at ten o'clock on Friday mornings. Surgeons'
out-patients at ten o'clock on Thursday mornings. Attend-
ance at the Surgery every day from eleven till two o'clock.
The recommendation of a Governor is not requisite.
The Lunatic Hoiuse is a department peculiar to this hos-
pital. The usual number of patients is from twenty to thirty,
as provided for by the founder. They have a spacious air-
ing ground and garden appropriated for their use and recre-
ation at the rear of the building.
This hospital was founded at the sole cost and charges of
Thomas Guy, Esq.,l who not only spent upwards of £18,000
on the building during his life-time, but endowed it with the
sum of £219,429 ; the largest sum that has ever been left
by an individual to charitable purposes.
The annual income is now between £25,000 and £30,000,
arising chiefly from estates purchased with the valuable be-
quests of Guy and Hunt, in the counties of Essex, Hereford,
^ A bookseller in Lombard street, who amassed a large fortune by
the sale of bibles, purchasiug seamen's tickets, and transfer of South Sea
stock, etc. Mr. Guy was a native of Tamworih, in Staffordshire, and
died, at the age of eighty, December 27. 1724, having lived to see his
hospital covered with the roof; and on the 24th of January following, 60
patients were received into the hospital. Previous to his conceiving the
design of this institution, he had been a large contributor to the funds of
St. ThoTnas's. His noble example, extensive as was its practice, singu-
larly enough has been followed by Mr. Hunt, a gentleman residing at
Petersham, who, in 1829, left a sum of J200,000 to this same hospital,
stipulating for the provision of additional accommodation for 100 patients.
10
ST. GEORGE'S. Mj^M MMljiMS, A.D. 1733
and Lincoln. The affairs of the hospital are directed by a
committee of Governors. The usual number of Governors is
sixty, who are self-elective. The oiEce cannot be constituted
by any contribution, and there is no published list of them.
President, Charles Barclay, Esq. — Treasurer, Bonamy Dobree,
Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. T. H. Bullock, M.A. — Physicians : Richd
Bright, M.D. (Consulting Physician) ; Thomas Addison, M.D.
Benjamin G. Babington, M.D. ; Geo. H. Barlow, M.D. — Assist
ant Physicians : Henry M. Hughes, M.D. ; G. O. Rees, M.D.
Golding Bird, M.D. — Surgeons : Bransby B. Cooper, Edw. Cock
and John Hilton, Esqrs. — Assistant Surgeons : Mr. Birkett, Mr,
Poland. — Apothecary, Mr. J. Stocker. — Steward, Mr. J. Browell
— Accountant, Mr. William R. Arnold. — Clerk Reg., Mr. Wm,
Taylor,
ST, GEORGE'S HOSPITAL, near Hyde Park-corner.
Instituted 1733. Incorporated 1824. No patient is admitted
(except in cases of accident) without the recommendation of
a Governor or Subscriber, that he or she is a proper object
of charity. Such recommendations must be delivered on
Wednesday morning by half-past eleven o'clock,
A benefaction of .£50, or 5 guineas annually, constitutes a
Governor, entitled to have one in-patient and two out-pa-
tients always on the books. 2 guineas annually entitle
to recommend two in-patients annually, and have two out-
patients always on the books,
St. George's Charity for Convalescents is a fund attached
to this hospital, similar to the "Samaritan Fund" of the other
hospitals, and is subject to the rules established for the hos-
pital. The business is transacted at the meetings of the
Weekly Boards and General Courts. One guinea annually,
or 10 guineas donation, constitutes a Governor of this fund.
In consequence of the extensive demands on this charity,
the expenditure has so far increased over the receipts, as to
cause the necessity of selling out as much as £5,000 stock in
the past year alone. The annual amount of subscriptions is
under J4,500, and the dividends under £3,000. The ex-
penses, on the other hand, exceed these amounts by nearly
J3,000.
The number of patients experiencing the benefits during
the past year "was — in-patients, 3,643 ; half of whom were
from accidents, without recommendations. Of these, 305
remained in the hospital at the beginning of the year, 1673
11
THE LONDON. W'^M llflSpitalS. A.D. 1740
were discharged cured, and 836 made out-patients. Out-
patients, 7943 ; of whom 5421 were discharged cured, and
797 remained on the books at the close of the year.'
Patron and President, The Queen. — Treasurer, C. Dnimmond,
J. V. Thompson, Esqrs. — Physicians : Dr. Wilson, Dr. Nairne,
Dr. Page, Dr. Bence Jones.- — Assistant Physicians : Dr. Pitman,
Dr. Fuller. — Surgeons: Robert Keate, Esq. ; Caesar Hawkins, Esq. ;
Edward Cutler, Esq. ; Thomas Tatum, Esq.- — Assistant Surgeons :
Henry Charles Johnson, Esq. ; Prescott Hewett, Esq. — Visiting
Apothecaries : H. P. Fuller, Esq. ; E. Tegart, Esq. ; E. D. Moore,
Esq. ; J. Merriman, Esq. — Surveyor, Arthur Mee, Esq. — Resident
Chaplain, Rev. J. B. Morewood, M.A. — Apothecary, Mr. Ham-
merton. — Secretary, Mr. Gunning. — Assist. Apothecary, Mr. Pot-
ter. — Curator, Mr. Henry Gray. — Matron, Mrs. Hains. — House
Stewardj Mr. Newns. — Collector, Mr. liewns.
TEE LONDON HOSPITAL, Whitechapel-road. Insti-
tuted 1740. Incorporated 1759. Poor objects, recommended
as in-patients, are gratuitously supplied with advice, medi-
cine, diet, washing, lodging, and other comfortable support,
and, in case of death, they are buried at the expense of the
charity, if not removed by their friends. But parish poor, or
soldiers, cannot be admitted, until the Governors recom-
mending them, or the churchwardens and overseers of the
parish of such poor, have engaged to pay for them respect-
ively 'dd. per day. Out-patients have advice and medicines
administered daily. All cases which require immediate aid,
are admitted at any hour of the day or night, without re-
commendation.
The number of in-patients admitted during the past year
was 4185 -,2 of whom 2442 were cases of accident; and the
number of out-patients treated, was 28,614. The total num-
ber of poor relieved since the foundation of the hospital is
estimated at 904,710. The number of in-patients at one time
varies from 312 to 340 ; but the recent extension of the east
wing will increase the accommodation as funds will permit.
The necessary expenditure having for some few years
generally exceeded the income, a decrease of funded property
has been the result. This decrease, in the ten years ending
•^ This hospital took its rise from a party of the Governors of West-
minster Hospital dissenting therefrom. They first established it at Lanes-
borough House, 1733.
^ Each for an average period of one month.
12
MIDDLESEX. MttM in5|lital5. A.D. 1745
January 1849, amounted to upwards of ,£5,000; whilst, dur-
ing the same period, the number of patients annually treated
had increased from 12,816 to 24,799. The present annual in-
come averages £13,000, only £2,000 of which is from volun-
tary sources, and the expenditure exceeds this amount by
£1,980.
Five guineas annual, or 30 guineas donation, constitutes
a Governor, entitled to recommend one in-patient and four
out-patients at a time. Subscribers of one guinea annually
may send out-patients.
A Samaritan Society^ is appended to this hospital, for the
benefit of those who have been recovered within the institu-
tion, and have no home or asylum to receive them ; to aid in
removing others whose friends reside at distant parts of the
country : and, where necessary, for affording sea-air to the
convalescent, by sending them to the Sea-Bathing Infirmary
at Margate. One guinea annually, or 5 guineas at one time,
constitutes a Member.
President, His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge. —
Treasurer, Leonard Currie, Esq. — Physicians : Frederick Cobb,
M.D. ; Algernon Frampton, M.D. ; William John Little, M.D. —
Assistant Physicians : Jonathan Pereira, M.D. ; Patrick Fraser,
M.D. ; Herbert Davies, M.D. — Surgeons : James Luke, Esq. ;
John Adams, Esq. ; Thomas Blizard Curling, Esq. — Assistant
Surgeons ; George Critchett, Esq. ; Nathaniel Ward, Esq. ; John
Cawood Wordsworth, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. Thomas Ward, M.A.
— House Coroner, Robert John Hill, Esq. — Apothecary, Samuel
Jesup Burch, Esq. — Dispensers : Messrs. William T. Fewtrell, and
Thomas Henry Tiastin.- — Matron, Mrs. Nelson. — Clerk, Mr. Cappe.
— Collector, Mr. Wm. Eddrup. — Secretary, Wm. J. Nixon, Esq.
MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL, established about 1745,
incorporated 1836, Goodge-street, Tottenham-court-road,
facing Berners-street. By recent enlargement of the wings
of this building, and various additions arising from some
late bequests, the hospital contains now 285 beds. The
annual average number of patients relieved during the past
five years has been — in-patients, 2,206, and out-patients,
9,316. Cases of accident or emergency are admitted at all
hours, others by a Governor's recommendation. This, like
the Westminster, is more dependent upon voluntary support,
1 Tlie first Samnritau fund, founded 1791, at a suggestion of the late
Sir William Blizzard.
13
CHABIN6-CB0S8. %pfai jnSpJtalS. A.D. 1818
its annual income averaging £9,000 or £10,000, of which,
above £3,000 depends upon subscriptions.
The Cancer Ward is a special feature in this hospital. It
was added through the generous interference of the late
Mr. Whitbread, who provided that patients so afflicted
might remain here for life if they wish.i
The Samaritan Fund is similar to that at St. Bartholo-
mew's, for the benefit of those patients requiring funds to
convey them to their homes, or to afford them the relief of
change of air by a stay at the Invalids' Asylum at Carshalton
or otherwise.
Three guineas annual, or 30 guineas at one time, consti-
tute a Governor ; 2 guineas annual entitle to recommend
one in-patient and 3 out. The Board of Governors meet
every Tuesday at 12 o'clock, when every Governor is enti-
tled to attend.
President, The Duke of Northumberland. — Treasurers : Wm.
Tooke, Esq. ; John Labouchere, Esq. — Chairman, Thomas W.
Burke, Esq. — Chaplain,*J. D. Hare, M.A. — Physicians : Francis
Hawkins, M.D. ; M. Crawford, M.D. ; Seth I'hompson, M.D. —
Physician Accoucheur, Dr. Charles West. — Assistant Physician,
Drs. R. G. Latham and A. P. Stewart. — Surgeons : C. De Mor-
gan, Esq. ; C. H. Moore, Esq.; Alexander Shaw, Esq. — Assist.
Surgeon, M. Henry, Esq. — Apothecary, Mr. G. Corfe. — House Sur-
geons, Mr. Bousfield and Mr. Harding. — Secretary, Mr. Alexander
Shedden.— Matron, Miss Cookesley. — Collector, Mr. H. 0. Knight.
CHARING-CROSS HOSPITAL, King WiUiam-street.
Founded 1818.2 Comprises the two-fold intention of a
Dispensary for the relief of the sick poor at their own
homes, and of an Hospital for the reception of the more
severely afflicted sufferers. None are received as in-patients
whose cases may be treated with equal efficacy as out-pa-
^ We have made considerable search for a distinct charity, said to
be existing under the designation of " Society for the Eehef of Incur-
ables"; and, after well considering the scope of this excellent department
of the Middlesex Hospital, — the ward, for somewhat similar purposes,
in Westminster Hospital, — and the otject of a large portion of the opera-
tions of the Bethlehem Hospital, under Mr. Barkham's will, — we have
little hesitation in applying this comprehensive designation where so
much of its exercise is developed, failing to discover it more nearly, else-
where.
^ Present building erected in 1831.
_^ 14
ROYAL FREE. 3Hl!^inii jBD5}litgl5, a.d. 1828
tients. The under-mentioned medical officers prescribe for,
and relieve, the patients of their respective departments,
between 12 and 1 o'clock daily, at the hospital ; and those
patients (residing within the visiting distance) who are too
iU to attend at the institution, are visited at their own
abodes.
Patients with midwifery letters are to attend on Tuesdays
and Fridays. The admission-day for in-patients is Monday,
at half-past 12 o'clock, when patients are to attend to be
examined. Dangerous accidents are at all times imme-
diately admitted. The parents of children with contagious
complaints are to request the attendance of the Visiting
Medical Officer at their own houses. 149,000 patients have
been treated, and for the most part cured, by this charity,
since its foundation. During the past year 1,116 in-patients
were received, and 17,384 out ; 13,902 of these were ad-
mitted without any recommendation. The number of pa-
tients under treatment at one time is: in-patients, 118; out,
283. The annual average cost of thetestablishment is stated
to be only £2,506, and this is for the most part met by vo-
luntary contributions.
A donation of 40 guineas constitutes a Life Governor,
and 20 guineas a Life Supporter. Two, four, or more guineas
annually constitutes an Annual Subscriber, with the privi-
lege of recommending in-patients. One guinea annually, or
10 guineas at one time, entitle the contributors to recom-
mend three out-patients annually.
Treasurers : The Rev. G. H. Bowers, B.D. ; A. M. Drummond,
Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Drummonds. — Director, B. Golding, M.D.
— Honorary Secretary, J. Robertson, Esq. — Clerk, Mr. W. Cappe.
— Collector, Mr. Cappe. — Medical Officers : Physicians, Dr. Shear-
man, Dr. Golding, Dr. Chowne. — Surgeons : Henry Hancock,
Esq. ; John Avery, Esq. — Dentist and Cupper, Mr. A. Canton. —
Anatomical Machinist, Mr. Taylor. — Dispenser of Medicines, Mr.
G. Birkett.— Collector, Mr. W. H. Everist.
ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's Inn-road. Ori-
ginally founded 1828, in Greville-street, Hatton Garden,
by Mr. W. Marsden. In 1832 upwards of 700 cholera pa-
tients were admitted into it, when other hospitals were
closed against them. This demonstration of the principle
of the institution gained for it much support, and in 1843
the Committee took the present extensive and suitable pre-
15
KISO'S COLLEGE. MtUui MB^jMS. A.D. 1839
mises in the Gray's Inn-road, incurring thereby a heavy
debt, which, although nearly liquidated, must have proved
a heavy drawback to the institution, and limited the full
advantage of the " free admission," as the Committee state
"there are at the present time two large wards perfectly
furnished, ready for patients, but from want of funds
empty." ^ Two years back there existed great complaint of
the management of this hospital ; whether there was ground
for such complaint matters not now, as it is evident the
greatest zeal and attention is being paid to its efficiency
and increased operations. The business is conducted by a
Weekly Board of eleven gentlemen, of whom the Rev. Dr,
Rice is chairman.
The number of in-patients admitted to the Hospital
during the past year was 667 ; and the number of out-
patients, 27,944 ; 856 of these cases were the result of acci-
dent. The receipts for the past few years average nearly
£5,000 per annum; and, were it not for outstanding liabili-
ties, judging by the proportionate operations of other hos-
pitals, this would, if continued, be sufficient to enable the
Committee to double their present number of in-patients.
The whole of this amount, however, depends on voluntary
contributions. One guinea annual, or 10 guineas donation,
constitutes a governor, with one vote for every such amount.
Attendance at the Hospital daily, from 11 to 1, for the pur-
pose of affiarding information, <fcc.
President, Duke of Buccleuch and Queensbury. — Treasurer
and Banker, John Masterman, Esq., M.P. Physician, Dr. T,
B. Peacock. — Surgeons : W. Marsden, Esq., M.D. ; John Gay,
Esq. ; Thomas H. Wakley, Esq. ; T. W. Cooke, Esq. — Dentist,
James Robinson, Esq.— Chairman of the Weekly Board, the Rev.
Edward Rice, D.D. — Cupper, John Atkinson, Esq,
KING'S COLLEGE HOSPITAL, Portugal-street, Lin-
coln's-inn. Instituted 1839. Patients are admitted either
by Subscribers' letters, or, if urgent, on application. Situ-
ated, as it is, in so populous a neighbourhood, there is a
daily accession of patients ; but the income is very insuffi-
cient for the number who might be relieved by this Hospital,
^ Since the above was written, these two wards have been thrown open,
and the hospital is now represented as ready for the reception of 134
inmates, aud space in the building for extending it to 500.
16
Kiwe's COLLEGE. Mthjui JCSpitalS. A.D. 1839
and it is greatly to be lamented does not cover the present
expenditure ; consequently an annual amount of debt is now
accruing, small, it is true, at present, but still sufficient to
impede the extension of usefulness desired, and to cause
alarm for the future.
This Hospital is one which, both for its extensive benefits
to the poor, its connection with King's College, and its field
of usefulness to the theological as well as medical students
of that institution, we feel great interest for, believing it to
be well directed, and under the surveillance of not only
the skilful but the good ; and as some charitable persons,
otherwise well disposed to contribute, have objected that
this is not a free hospital, — we here think the following
return, as made up from the books, cannot fail to be satis-
factory : — The number of in-patients during the year was
1,253, and out-patients, 19,383, including 419 cases of mid-
wifery attended at their own habitations. Total number of
in-patients admitted since the foundation of the hospital,
10,486 ; out-patients, 117,400 ; and of these no less a num-
ber than 6,437 in, and 116,113 out-patients were received
without any recommendation beyond that afforded by their
own urgency and need.
One guinea annual, or 10 guineas at one time, entitles to
recommend 1 in and 2 out-patients annually. 3 guineas
annual, or 30 guineas at one time, constitute a Governor,
with increased privileges in proportion.
The present income averages ^4,000, with the exception
of about ^200 only, all dependant on public contributions ;
but from exertions about to be made, and appeals lately
put forth, we expect that these resources will, ere long, be
doubled, and that if the new building plan is carried out
the operations will be doubled too. The present number of
beds made up is but 1 10 to 120, the contemplated number 200.
President, The Duke of Sutherland. — Treasurer, W. T. Cope-
land, Esq., M.P. — Chaplain, Rev. Michael Biggs, M. A. — Con-
sulting Physicians : Thomas Watson, M.D. ; Robert Ferguson,
M.D.— Physicians : George Budd, M.D. ; R. B. Todd, M.D.—
Physician-Accoucheur, Arthur Farre, M.D. — Physicians to the
Out-patients : W. A. Guy, M.D. ; George Johnson, M.D. — Sur.
geons : W. Fergusson, Esq. ; R. Partridge, Esq. — Assistant Sur-
geons : W. Bowman, Esq. ; Henry Lee, Esq. — Surgeon -Dentist,
Samuel Cartwright, Jun., Esq. — Secretary, Mr. John Lyon. —
Matron, Mrs. Rice. — Dispenser, Mr. Francis Blackburn.
17
UBTIVEaSITY, A.D. 1833. BlpilirHl. MARTLEBONE, A.D. 1850
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, Upper Gower-
street. Founded 1833. Cases of emergency admitted at all
hours ; otherwise, in-patients daily at eleven o'clock. Out-
patients, physicians' cases, attended on Mondays, Tuesdays,
Thursdays, and Fridays, at twelve o'clock ; surgical cases,
at twelve o'clock daily. Diseases of the eye, Mondays, Wed-
nesdays, and Fridays, at one ; urgent cases, daily. Dental
patients attended to, Saturdays at nine.
During the past year, there were received 1634 in-patients;
638 midwifery cases, attended at their own habitations, and
414 ophthalmic patients ; and upwards of 18,000 cases vari-
ously relieved as out-patients. The number of patients in
the hospital at a time averages 112; the number of beds,
120 ; and the building capable of extending accommodation
to 200.
The annual income averages ^5,000, two-thirds of which
is dependant upon voluntary contributions. The expenses
are just covered by this amount.
Subscribers of 1 guinea annually, or 10 guineas at one
time, are entitled to recommend four out-patients ; and sub-
scribers of 3 guineas, or donors of 30, are entitled to recom-
mend three in, and six out-patients, yearly.
President, Lord Brougham.— Treasurer, the Baron de Goldsmid.
—Chaplain, Rev. H. Stebbing, D.D.— Physicians : W. H. Walshe,
M.D., and E. Parkes, M.D. — Assistant Physician, Dr. Jenner. —
Obstetric Physician, Edward W. Murphy, M.D. — Surgeons : James
M. Amott, Esq., and R. Quain, Esq. — Assistant Surgeons: J. E.
Erichsen, Esq., and John Marshall, Esq. — Dental Surgeon, J.
Durance George, Esq. — Apothecary, Mr. Joseph T. Clover. — Cup-
per, Mr. Henry Charles Betts. — Matron, Mrs. Stable. — Clerk to
the Committee, Mr. J. W. Goodiff.— Collector, Mr. C. B. Buck,
1, Marrow-street, Walworth.
MARYLEBONE AND PADDINGTON HOSPITAL,
Cambridge-place, Paddington. Proposal for establishing,
1843. Opened, 1850. Is now being opened, after seven years'
extreme exertion to raise the necessary funds. The want of
a hospital has long been felt in the north-west part of the
metropolis, which, of late years, has much increased in popu-
lation, without any adequate means of relief for the poorer
classes. The number of inhabitants is reckoned at 150,000,
and the demand for hospital-beds, 376 ; but it is proposed to
commence with 150. The cost of erecting a hospital with
2
^8
MARYLEBONE. HHttJUi iCS|lital5. A.D. 1850
such, accommodation, was originally estimated at £6,000 ;
and maintaining the same, £4,500 per annum. This amount,
however, we always considered as estimated much, too low ;
and to this may much, of the delay occasioned, be traced.
The building, at length erected, and ready for part habita-
tion, is a substantial and elegant* structure, forming as great
an ornament to the appearance of the district, as it must,
ere long, prove of value to the inhabitants.
That portion of the hospital now erected, will not only have
the 150 beds for patients, but also contain the board-room,
the chapel, the operating theatre, and other principal depart-
ments required in a large hospital ; the design being in-
tended, when fully carried out, to have beds for nearly 400
patients.
The amount contributed to the present time by voluntary
subscriptions reaches some £30,000, which will cover all ex-
penses contingent on the building, but leaves little or nothing
for continuance of operations. That the requisite amount,
however, for carrying out the objects to the fullest extent,
will be raised, cannot for a moment be questioned ; but
whether it be by the support of the many, or, as in the
case of Guy's and St. Thomas's, by the bequests of a few,
remains to be developed.
30 Guineas at one time, or 3 guineas annual, constitutes a
governor.
Honorary Secretary, William Tatham, Esq., 61, Oxford Ter-
race. — Bankers, Sir Samuel Scott and Co.
^ The design was furnished by the honorary architect, Mr. Hopper.
The present foundation comprehends three-fourths of his whole plan.
19
FOR SPECIAL MttM CjiHritifs
CHAPTER 11.
CHARITIES FOR AFFORDING MEDICAL
TREATMENT AND RELIEF {continued).
Hospitals, Infirmaries, and other Institutions for special
purposes: — Seaman's Hospital. — Spanish and Portuguese Jews'. —
German Hospital. — London Fever. — Hospitals and Infirmaries for
Consumption — Sanatorium forMadeira. — Royal Sea-bathing Infirmary.
Lying-in Charities. — Hospitals for Women and Children.— Small-pox
Hospital and Vaccination Institutions. — Ophthalmic. — Diseases of the
Ear. — Orthopoedic Hospital. — Spinal Institutions. — Lock Hospital. —
Fistula and Truss Societies. — Glandular and Skin Diseases. — Conva-
lescent and Invalid Asylums. — Lunatic and Idiot Asylums. — Train-
ing Institutions for Nurses.
In chapter second we find it advisable to comprehend the
remainder of the metropolitan medical hospitals, and all other
institutions devoted to special objects of medical treatment.
Amongst these may be found some few dispensaries, which,
from their being of immediately kindred design to the insti-
tutions preceding, it has been deemed inexpedient to sepa-
rate from them ; so that our third division will consist
wholly of dispensaries for general patients.
With this arrangement in view, the following summary is
subjoined, the consideration of which fully bears out the
truth of our previous remarks, and even more satisfactorily
evidences the extent of operations in our own time, and the
anxious desire manifested to afford a relief for every ill.
It only remains for us to premise, that institutions of a
minor character, but kindred in design to the following, are
constantly making their appearance before the public, under
slight variations of title and claims to support ; proving
often, however, to be the attempts only of individuals, either
for the development of peculiar systems of treatment, or for
the extension of fame and practice. With this before us,
20
seaman's. MttM €ljarife5 far a.d. i833
therefore, we have endeavoured to confine ourselves to such
as are of a public description ; although some few even of
these, may perchance merit much of this same definition.
SUMMARY OF THE SPECIAL MEDICAL CHARITIES :
1 Seamen — 2 Foreigners and Jews — 1 Fever — 4 Consumption, etc. — 1
Madeira — 1 Sea-Bathing — 9 Lying-in — 3 Women and Children — 3
Small Pox and Vaccination — 5 Ophthalmic — 3 Ear and Voice — 3 De-
formities — 3 Internal Disease — 3 Skin and Glandular — 4 Maniac and
Idiots. — 4 Convalescent and Invalid. Total 50
22 institutions receiving in-patients, and making up beds to the
number of- - - - --1 ,105
Four Lunatic Asylums, ditto .... 1,670
In all, 50 Charities granting medical relief, for special objects,
annually to ...... 105,997
(exclusive of the Madeira Sanatorium, and another only just
formed, and two from which there are no returns).
Of these, 1 was founded in the sixteenth century; II in the eighteenth;
and 38 in the present century.
The aggregate amount of annual receipts averages at present time j£90,664
Of which amount, contributed by voluntary contributions, is £'27,Q7A
SEAMAJV'S HOSPITAL SOCIETY, for Sick and
Diseased Seamen, of all Nations, in the Port of London-
Office, 74, King William-street, City, Established 1821.
Incorporated 1833. This hospital is commonly known as
" The Seamen's Hospital," on board the " Dreadnought,"
three-decker, moored off Greenwich, and is of the greatest
importance, as it is a well-known fact, that, sooner than
enter a land hospital, many a poor sailor will perish afloat,
although a prospect of returning health is held out to him
by proper medical treatment. Since its first institution,
56,430 patients have been admitted, and medical stores dis-
pensed to 27,808 out-patients. The annual number aver-
ages 2,500 in-patients, and 2,153 out, of whom upwards of
100, when discharged, are completely clothed, and to others
are given various articles. The usual number of in-patients
at one time is 200.
Supported partly by voluntary contributions to an extent
of ^3,000 per annum, and in part by the penalties and for-
feitures under the 7th and 8th Vict., cap. 112, averaging
£600, and by 5 per cent, of the amount collected from the
merchant service vessels, "for the relief of maimed and
disabled seamen, their wives, and children," amounting f/O
21
SPANISH jews', 1847. f^prial pIirpSPH. GERMAN HOSP. 1845
near ,£500 per annum. Qualification of a Governor, 1 guinea
annually ; Life Governor, 10 guineas donation.!
President, Lord Viscount Melville. — Treasurer, John Labou-
chere, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. David Jones, B.D.— Trustees : John
Deacon, Esq. ; John Labouchere, Esq. ; Rear- Admiral W. Bowles,
C.B. — Hon. Counsel, G. W. Lydekker, Esq. — Consulting Physi-
cians : Dr. Edward Seymour, Dr. George Leith Roupell, Dr. Geo.
Budd. — Visiting Physicians : Dr. Black, and Dr. Blackall. —
Consulting Surgeon, Sir Richard Dobson, M.D. — Superintendent,
Lieutenant John Saunders, R.N. — First Surgeon, Mr. George
Busk. — Second Surgeon, Dr. Rooke. — Assistant-Surgeon and Apo-
thecary, Mr. J. H. Lakin. — Secretary, Mr. S. Kemball Cook.
THE SPAN^ISH AND PORTUGESE JEWS' HOS-
PITAL, MUe End-road. Established by the Congregation
of Spanish and Portugese Jews in 1747, as an hospital for
their sick poor, and affording advice and medicine to out-
patients ; also for the reception of lying-in women, and for
granting an asylum to the aged.
One guinea annual, or 10 guineas at one time, entitles to
one vote, and the privilege of having one in and two out-
patients, on the establishment.
The last printed report of this institution bears date
1837, and no later information can be given of the extent
of its operations. At that time the income was about .£1,000
per annum, o£600 of which went for the maintenance of the
inmates. The funded property is now upwards of £10,000.
The following are the Office-bearers at the present time : —
Treasurer, David A. Lindo, Esq. — Warden, Michael De Pass,
Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Soloman Almosnino.
GERMAN HOSPITAL, Dalston.2 Opened 1845. For
the reception and treatment of natives of Germany and
others speaking the German language.^ Medical advice is
^ During the late cholera. Government granted the use of a second
vessel, the " Iphigene," late the Marine Society's ship.
^ The building is that for many years occupied by the Infant Orphan
Society, previous to removing to Wanstead. It is well adapted for its pre-
sent purpose, and contains forty beds for patients; a separate wing for
the Sanatorium ; a chapel ; and every other accommodation for a good
and complete hospital.
3 Among the number of foreigners living in London, it is estimated
that six-sevenths are natives of Germany,or of German provinces subject
to other states.
22
FEVER HOSPITAL. MtHXEJ CijarifaS fof A.D. 1803
likewise afforded to out-patients at the Dispensaries in
Loudon. The number of in-patients during the past year
was 419, and out-patients 1,728, of whom 1,176 attended
the Hospital, 504 the Eastern Dispensary, and 48 the West.
Applicants for admission to the Hospital must attend at two
o'clock, p.m. Urgent cases are admitted at all hours.
A Convalescent Fund is attached, similar to that of other
Hospitals, for the bestowal of clothing, pecuniary aid, <fec.
to those in need on quitting the house.
The Chaplain, as well as the establishment generally, is
protestant.
Ten guineas at one time, or one guinea annual, consti-
tutes a Governor, entitled to have 2 out-patients on the
books at a time.
The Sanatorium is for the reception of such patients as
can afford to pay a moderate sum of from one to two pounds
per week, the latter sum if they wish a room entirely to
themselves. This branch of the operations is being greatly
appreciated by the middle class of patients, and is now
proving a small source of income, under .£100 a-year.
President, the Duke of Cambridge. — Chaplain, Rev. Adolphus
Walbaum. — Treasurer, Frederick Huth, Esq. — Sub-Treasurer, C.
A. Preller, Esq. — Hon. Solicitors, Messrs. Baxendale, Tatham,
Upton, and Co. — Hon. Secretaries : Rev. Charles Wesley, D.D. ;
Rev. Adolphus Walbaum. — Assistant Secretary and Collector,
Mr. G. H. Lilie.— Physicians : S. Sutro, M.D.; W. E. Swaine,
M.D. — Surgeon, L. E. Straube, M.D. — House Surgeon, W. Beneke,
M.D. — Dispenser at the hospital, Mr. Sophus Seidelin.
Medical Officers of the Dispensaries : for the east of London,
J. H. Steinau, M.D., 17, Broad-street Buildings ; sees the out-
patients at his residence on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and
Saturdays, between 8 and 10 o'clock, a.m. — Chemist, Mr. Theo-
dore Krantz, 2, Devonshire-st., Bishopsgate-street.
For the west of London : vacant.
LONDON FEVER HOSPITAL, Liverpool-road, Is-
lington, (late Pancras-road).i Instituted 1803. All poor
persons affected with fever are admitted gratuitously, except
they are parochial paupers or domestic servants, in which
case one guinea is charged to the parish, or to the master in
whose house the illness began. The domestics of subscribers
' The new building was opened last year. Its total cost of erection
was ^19,438 2s. 9d., — defrayed by the compensation vote of ^20,000,
paid by the Great Northern Railway Company, who now occupy the site
of the old establishment.
23
CONSUMPTION. ^priai f nrpse. a.d. i84i
are admitted at all times, in any number, without this fee.
The number of beds varies from 100 to 130. In-patients
received during last year, only 714; and the average of
inmates, 54. An appropriate vehicle is kept on the premises
for the conveyance of the patients to the hospital. The ex-
penses amount to about £2300 per annum; defrayed mostly
by parochial payments ; by £450 voluntary contributions ;
and £450 dividends and miscellaneous receipts.
All subscribers of one guinea annually, or of 10 guineas
in one donation, are Governors.
President, the Earl of Devon.- — Treasurer, T. Corney, Esq.— ■
Physicians : Alexander Tweedie, M.D.,r.R.S. ; Southwood Smith,
M.D. — Assistant Physician, Adaii Crawford, M.D.— Resident
Medical Officer, W. H. O. Sankey, M.B.— Secretary, C. Hyde,
Esq. — Matron, Mrs. Hansard.
HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTION & DISEASES
OF THE CHEST, Brompton.' Instituted 1841. Incor-
porated 1849. This Hospital is especially devoted to that
most frequent and destructive complaint, consumption.
There is scarcely a disease which does not^find ready admis-
sion into the wards of our general hospitals ; but against this
the doors of all are closed, the plea on which it is refused
admission being its lingering nature.
The present receipts average .£4,000 a-year, arising wholly
from voluntary contributions, and are insufficient for the
needful expenses, which exceed by nearly .£400 per annum.
Owing to the active exertions of the Committee of this
hospital, seconded by the liberality of the benevolent, its
operations these last few years have been very much in-
creased. The number of in-patients received since 1846 is
676 ; of whom 81 are remaining in the house. The annual
admissions now average 282, and the number of out-patients
2,805, most of whom attend for a considerable period. The
daily average attendance is 115.
Persons having letters of recommendation from Governors,
as in-patients, must attend for examination by the physician
^ The present building was opened in 1846; the original hospital was
at Chelsea, near the Royal Hospital. In their present Report, the Com-
mittee notice one gratifying fact, — viz., in that building, the deaths of
the in-patients were 73 in 297, or 1 in 4 ; whilst, in the new hospital,
they have never exceeded 1 death in every 5 patients, as 127 in 686.
24
CHEST DISEASES. MMIRI CjjaritiPH Ut A.D. 1814
in attendance, any day at two o'clock, when, if proper cases,
their names will be entered for admission in rotation. If
the patient lives at a distance, an authenticated medical cer-
tificate will serve. Out-patients can be seen by the physi-
cians every day, at one o'clock precisely.
The Rose Charity Fund^ resembles the Samaritan Funds
of St. George's and other hospitals ; out of it are afforded
gifts of clothes and small pecuniary assistance, to the pa-
tients leaving the hospital.
Governors of 30 guineas donation, or 3 guineas annually,
have the privilege of recommending one in, and eight out-
patients in the year. Subscribers of 1 guinea annually, may
recommend four out-patients.2
President, the Duke of Richmond. — Treasurer, .John Labou-
chere, Esq. — Hon. Secretary, Philip Rose, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev.
Henry Du Pay, B. A. — Consulting Physicians : John Forbes, Esq.,
M.D.; C. J. B. Williams, Esq., M.D.; W. H. Walshe, Esq., M.D.
—Physicians: G. H. Roe, Esq., M.D.; T. Thompson, Esq., M.D.;
George Cursham, Esq., M.D. — Assistant Physicians : Richard
P. Cotton, Esq., M.D.; Richard Quain, Esq., M.D.; John J.
Bowie, Esq., M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, William Fergusson, Esq.
— Secretary, Osbom P. Cross, Esq., at the Hospital. — Assistant
Secretary and Collector, Mr. W. H. Harden. — Matron, Miss HalL
— Dispenser, Mr. Hardy, at the Hospital.
ROYAL INFIRMARY for Asthma, Consumption, and
other Diseases of the Lungs, City-road. Established 1814.
For the purpose of affording relief to the poor afflicted with
diseases of the chest, by medical advice and dispensing me-
dicine ; also for the reception of in-patients with the early
symptoms of disease.
At the time of the formation of this institution, and until
very lately, it was the only one of its kind ; and the report
^ This fund was raised out of respect to the honorary Secretary, Mr.
Rose, and to denote the appreciation the Committee held his exertions
in The original design was to obtain a portrait of that gentleman ; but,
at his earnest request, the amount raised for that purpose was devoted
to the foundation of this fund.
2 The benefit accruing to this hospital by the talents and benevolence
of one individual, deserves a record here. Mile. Lind, in July 1848,
presented no less a sum than j£l,606 : 16 : 0, — the proceeds of the con-
cert held by her for its aid. The whole of this was set apart for the
extension fund.
25
CHEST DISEASES, |»ptrial ^HrpSPS. ad. 1847 and 1848
states, " that its benefits have been distributed to upwards
of 30,000 patients" ; but its present condition seems lan-
guid, and its operations limited. This may arise in part
from the decreased number of its supporters, and the exten-
sive nature of the last mentioned hospital. The amount of
annual subscriptions appear to be under ^50, and tli^ recep-
tion of inmates to have been discontinued.
It is greatly to be desired that a helping hand should be
rendered to an institution of this description. It is for a
class of suffering poor that can ill spare such assistance.
Treasurer, John Travers, Esq.— Consulting Physicians, Charles
I. Fox, M.D. — Physicians: Herbert Davies, Esq., M.D.; Wm.
Munk, Esq., M.D.; Bankers, Messrs. Dnunmond and Co. — Apo-
thecary, Mr. William Herring. — Hon. Secretary, Samuel Amory,
Esq., 25, Throgmorton- street. — Assistant Secretary and Collec-
tor, Mr. John Smith, 3, Crosby-square, Bishopsgate-street.
DISPENSARY FOR CONSUMPTION and Diseases
of the Chest, 26, Margaret-street, Regent-street. Instituted
1847. For the benefit of patients, either at the Dispensary
or at their own habitations. Although only established two
years, in that time it is stated that 8,000 have been relieved
upon application, and visits paid to 1013 at their own homes.
The present number of patients on the books is 476. No
cash statement is afforded in the last report.
One guinea annual, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes a
Governor, with one vote. The reports are published quarterly.
Treasurer, A. R. Johnson, Esq., 2, Old Broad-street. — Hon.
Secretary, W. T. Hudson, Esq., 61, South Audley- street. — Audi-
tors: A. Howard, Esq.; W. Nelson, Esq. — Physicians: Dr. Hast-
ings, Dr. Burslem. — Consulting Surgeon, Thomas Tatum, Esq. —
Surgeon, W. T. Hudson,Esq. — Assist. Secretary and Dispenser,
Mr. S. Fowell. — Collector, 5lr. Thomas Hooman.
CITY OF LONDON HOSPITAL for Diseases of the
Chest, 6, Liverpool-street, Finsbury. Established 1848. Is
open daily, for the admission of patients, on the recom-
mendation of Governors, at nine o'clock in the morning.
An average of 100 patients receive advice and medicine
daily. The total number of patients relieved since the open-
ing of the institution, on the 13th June 1848, has been 1,405,
Arrangements, it is stated, are now in progress for the
erection of a hospital for the reception of in-patients. The
26
MADEIRA, 1849. MMul C|jarife5 for Margate, 1796
present income, however, is quite insufficient for this pur-
pose, amounting to not more than ^1,000 per annum.
Two Guineas annually, or 20 guineas at one time, consti-
tute a Governor, entitled to recommend one in-patient and
six out-patients. One guinea annually, or 10 gixineas at
one time, to six out-patients only.
President, the Earl of Carlisle. — Consulting Physicians : B. G.
Babington, M.D.; Henry Jeafireson, M.D.— Consulting Surgeon,
C. Aston Key, Esq. — Physicians : Thomas B. Peacock, M.D. ;
Edward Bentley, M.D. ; Allen Williams, M.B. — Surgeon, John
E. Erichsen, Esq. — Treasurer, H. Edmund Gumey, Esq. — Bankers,
Messrs. Barclay & Co. — Honorary Secretary, David Henry Stone,
Esq., 33, Poultry — Assistant Secretary, Mr. William S. Brown.
SAIi'^A TORIUM in the Island of Madeira, for the recep-
tion of Persons labouring under Pulmonary Disorders, 4, St.
Martin's-place. Projected 1849. This institution is scarcely
more than a projected one ; but its design is so good, and
the names attached to its prospectus afford so promising a
scale of future operations, that we readily give it publicity.
It is intended to enable patients of the middle class, of
straitened circumstance, to try the effects of a residence in
Madeira, in such cases as the medical staff of the institution
here consider there is a fair probability of health being
restored thereby.
The expenses of the voyage to be defrayed, or afforded at
a lower rate.
The best medical attendance to be rendered on arriving
at the island, and comfortable lodging, free of any charge,
and suitable board, upon fixed moderate terms.
Ten guineas at one time, or 2 guineas annually, constitute
the privilege of placing one candidate on the list — but sub-
ject to the medical opinion.
As this movement has the co-operation of the authorities
of Madeira, and the Committee here are selecting patients,
there is no question of a very fair trial being given to the
plan.
Chairman of Committee, Lord R. Grosvenor, M.P. — Bankers,
Messrs. Jones, Loyd, & Co. — Hon. Secretary, W. T. Haly, Esq.
ROYAL SEA-BATHING INFIRMARY. Office, 35
Cannon-street. Instituted 1796. This infirmary is situate
on a very healthy part of the coast, — at Westbrook, near
27
SEA-BATHING. j^^M ^nrpSM, A.D. 1796
Margate. From various extensions of the building of late
yearSj the operations of the charity have attained a national
character ; whilst the general medical opinion entertained
of its management and usefulness, justifies us in alluding to
it as one fully deserving the liberal support of the benevo-
lent, and one to which those needing its benefits may safely
apply. . , .
At the present time there are 230 beds in the establish-
ment, and the annual average of patients is 700 ; the entire
number of inmates since it was founded, is 20,466, besides
out-patients. It is the only hospital in the kingdom exclw-
sively devoted to the reception of scrofulous patients ; and
when it is considered that large numbers of young persons
are annually restored to health by its means, its benefits
may fairly be termed incalculable.
Every patient must be recommended by a governor, and
subject to approval, as a proper object, by the medical board.
The admissions are regulated according to vacancies, and
order of recommendation. Patients are boarded at the rate
of 4s. per week, under 10 years of age ; and above that age,
at 5s. per week. When admissions cannot be granted, for
want of room, or particular circumstances, proper objects are
allowed sea-bathing, and the medical assistance of the cha-
rity, as out-patients.
Patients in the country, who cannot attend the medical
board, are required to have their diseases described by the
surgeon or apothecary where they reside, and transmitted
to the secretary. During the season, attendance is given by
several members of the medical board, to examine patients.
The time and place of attendance may be known by apply-
ing to the secretary, 35, Cannon-street, where all communi-
cations must be addressed.
Ten guineas, or upwards, at one payment, constitute a
governor ; or one guinea, or upwards, an annual governor,
entitled, upon paying a second subscription, or of two years
in one payment, to the same privilege of recommending pa-
tients. Ten guineas, annually, entitle to recommend one
patient, free of any charge for board, &c.
President, the Earl of Winchelsea. — ^Treasurer, Michael Gibbe,
Esq., Aldn. — Physicians to the Infirmary: Joseph Canham, M.D.;
Richard B. Dennison, M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, Joshua Wad-
dington, Esq. — Resident Surgeon, A. G. Field, Esq. — Secretaries :
ia London, Mr. John Paul ; at Ramsgate, Mr. W. A. Hunt.
28
LYING-IN INSTS- Mi^Ki ^RXi\it5 fU A.D. 1749
Tha reports of the various 'Lying-in Charities develops
one very interesting fact, as the beneficial result accruing
from the large scope thus offered for the display of medical
science and attention, viz., — that the deaths have decreased
in average, amongst their patients, from 1 in 50, to 1 in 300,
with mothers ; and from 1 in 20, to 1 in 80, amongst the
children, during the last eighty or ninety years, to the pre-
sent time.
The first of this valuable description of charities, of a
public and general kind, was established in Dublin, by Dr.
Bartholomew Mosse, an eminent physician ; who, notwith-
standing he had to contend against the strongest prejudices,
avowed opposition, and great public clamor, pushed his bene-
volent purpose to success, by building the fine hospital in
Dublin, under this name. It was first opened in 1745,
and was quickly followed by the establishment of those we
have now in our metropolis ; all of which, it will be seen,
belong, consequently, to the last hundred years. The long-
est established is —
THE BRITISH LTING-IN HOSPITAL for Married
Women, Endell-street, Long Acre. Instituted 1749. For
relieving the pregnant wives or widows of persons reduced
from affluent or easy, to indigent circumstances, of distressed
housekeepers, and of the industrious poor, by either receiv-
ing them wholly into the hospital, or by providing such as
"prefer remaining at their own habitations during their con-
finement, with skilful midwives, professional advice, and
with medicines free of all expense.^ The present building
has been erected at a cost of about £6,000, and is capable of
receiving the number of 40 patients ; but the expenses
thereof, the Committee state, render it necessary that the
number should be regulated wholly by the support afforded
by the public ; the cash statement is not appended to the
report, neither is any clue afforded to the number of pa-
tients annually treated, beyond the information that " since
the foundation, upwards of 40,000 persons have participated
1 Instituted, in Brownlow-street, Long Acre, 1749, and rebuilt, in
Ehidell-street, 1849. It claims to be the first established in London for
this purpose ; and is exclusively for the teception, or treatment, of mar-
ried women.
29
LYING-IN INSTS- |)pjrial l^nipSES. A.D. 1750 and 1752
in its benefits." The Committee meet weekly (on Thursday
at one o'clock) to transact the business of the institution.
One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes
a Governor, entitled to recommend three out-patients annu-
ally. Double that amount, the addition of one in-patient
annually.
President, the Duke of Portland. — Treasurers, Messrs. Hoare
and Co. — Consulting Physician, Dr. Henry Davies. — Physician,
Dr. Robt. Lee. — Surgeons : Benj. Brookes, Esq. ; John Clarke,
Esq. — Secretary, Mr. R. S. Davies. — Matron, Mrs. Margaret
Simson. — Collector, Mr. Wm. Price, 6, Allsop-pl. Upper Baker-st.
CITT OF LONDON LYING-IN HOSPITAL, comer
of Old-street, City-road. Instituted 1750.^ For the recep-
tion and delivery of the pregnant wives of seamen and sol-
diers, also those of industrious mechanics, and of laborious
poor, and pregnant widows of poor persons recently deceased.
The annual number of women delivered at this Hospital is
about 550, and the whole number since the establishment of
the hospital, has been upwards of 39,000. The Committee
meet every Wednesday, for the purpose of addressing pa-
tients about to leave the hospital, and those considered eli-
gible to be admitted. Patients allowed to reside forty-eight
hours previous to their confinement, without any charge ;
after that at the rate of \s, 6d. a day till their delivery.
The state of the funds cannot be given, no cash statement
being appended to the report.
Twenty guineas donation constitutes a Governor, entitled
to recommend five patients annually. Subscribers are en-
titled to recommend one patient for every guinea subscribed.
Bankers, Messrs. Glyn and Co. — Treasurer, Abraham Wilday
Eobarts, Esq.— Secretary, James Clift, Esq., 30, Bloomsbury-sq.
— Matron, Mrs. Mary Wigden. — Chaplain, Rev. James Carver,
A.M. — Physician, John T. Conquest, M.D. — Consulting Surgeon,
W. Coulson, Esq. — Surgeon Accoucheur, Henry James, Esq. —
Collector, Mr. J. H. Smith, 12, Crutched Friars.
QUEEN CHARLOTTE'S LYING-IN HOSPITAL,
Manor House, Lisson Green, Marylebone. Instituted 1752.
This charity, besides affording an asylum for indigent females
^ At Shaftesbury House, Aldersgate-street, and removed from thence
to the corner of Old-street. First stone laid 1770 ; opened for the recep-
tion of patients 1773.
30
B0YAi.MATEBNiTY.3Ei?Mtai Cjiaritlgs fnr a.d. 1757
during the period of child-birth, extends its aid also to the
habitations of those who prefer remaining with their fami-
lies, or cannot conveniently be removed. Also, " with a view
to facilitate repentance, and remove every motive to act
which conscious guilt excites in the minds of many unlaw-
ful mothers, it admits penitent patients once ;" but in no
instance are they received a second time. Nearly 57,000
women have partaken of its benefits, and the average annual
number under treatment, is 240 women within the Hospital,
and 400 at their own homes.
One guinea annual entitles to recommend two out-patients
and one in-patient every third year.
The Committee meet at the Hospital every Monday, at
one o'clock. The Hospital may be inspected, and the books
seen by those who are inclined to support the charity, but
no printed report is published of the funds.
President, the Duke of Cambridge. — Treasurer, B. B. Cabbell,
Esq.- — Consulting Physicians : Dr. P. M. Roget, Dr. Joseph Moore.
Physician -Accoucheur, Dr. B. Brown.— Surgeon-Accoucheur, Q.
Thompson Gream, Esq. — Assistant Surgeon -Accoucheur, Joseph
Cholmondeley, Esq. — Solicitor, Lawrence Walker, Esq. — Secre-
tary, Mr. A. U. Thiselton, 7, Bloomsbury-pl. Bloomsbury-sq. — Col-
lector, Mr. C. W. Chapman, 10, Charrington-st. Somers Town.
ROYAL MATERNITY CHARITY. Office, 17, Little
Knight Rider-street, Doctors' Commons. Instituted 1737.
For delivering poor married women at their own habitations
in the Eastern districts of London and the suburbs, within
three miles of St. Paul's.^ An average of nearly 3,500 cases
are annually attended at the expense of this charity, the
best of advice and good nurses being provided. The
finances appear in a satisfactory condition, the income ave-
raging annually, from dividends and voluntary contribu-
tions, about .£1,830, and the expenses under that amount.
The Committee meet at the George and Vulture Tavern,
ComhUl, on the first Tuesday of the month. Patients, with
1 This charity was originally instituted, as the " Lying-in Charity," in
1768. The Prince of Wales, when hut five years old, heing nominated
president, a donation of £&Q0 was made in his name ; and he suhse-
quently became an annual contributor of £'20. From this time the charity
has always been an especial favourite with royalty ; and, in 1804, re-
ceived its present designation. George IV became the president in 1818 ;
and, from the time of liis regency to his death, contributed no less a sum
than Jl,800.
31
QENEKAL LYING-IX ^ptOSl ^HIIIIISIS. HOSPITAL, A.D. 1765
recommendatory tickets, are received at the office from 8 to
10 o'clock every morning except Sunday.
An annual subscription of one guinea, or a life subscrip-
tion of 10 guineas, entitles the subscriber to the recom-
mendation of eight patients within the year.
President, the Duke of Wellington. — Treasurer, Sir J. W.
Lubbock. — Consulting Physician, Dr. John Ramsbotham. —
Physicians : Dr. Francis H. Ramsbotham ; Dr. Thomas Leigh
Blundell ; Dr. H. Davies. — Surgeons Accoucheurs : Dr. Wilham
Griffith ; Walter Griffith, Esq. ; WiUiam Hughes, Esq. ; J. L.
Pulling, Esq., M.D. ; George Sawyer, Esq. ; and others. — Secre-
tary, T. O. Rayner, Esq., M.D.— Collector, Mr. C. Buck, 31, Mer-
row-street, Walworth.
GENERAL L TINO-IN HOSPITAL, York-road, Lam-
beth. Instituted 1765. Incorporated 1830. For the recep-
tion of in-patients from all parts of the kingdom, and for
the delivery of out-patients at their own habitations in the
metropolis and its environs. The benefits of the charity are
extended to such poor married women as may prefer re-
maining at their own habitations ; and are not withheld
from such single women as can produce satisfactory testi-
monials of previous good conduct, and who, on diligent en-
quiry, appear to the Committee to be objects of real com-
miseration ; such indulgence is, however, strictly confined
to the first instance of misconduct. The Committee meet
every Monday for admitting patients, &c. The state of the
funds cannot be arrived at, from the cash statement not
being printed, neither is any return given of the number of
patients admitted or relieved — information, moreover, which
the Secretary states he cannot afford.
Three guineas annual, or 30 guineas at one time, consti-
tute a Governor, entitled to recommend yearly three in-
patients, and three to be delivered at their own habitations.
A subscription of one guinea entitles to one in, and one out-
patient.
President, Earl of Shaftesbury. — Treasurer, Thos. Somers Cocks,
Jun.,Esq., M.P. — Chaplain, Rev. Abraham Peat, M.A. — Consult-
ing Physician, Charles Locock, M.D. — Physicians Accoucheur :
Edward Rigby, M.D. ; Lawson Cape, M.D. — Physician to the Out-
patients, James Reid, M.D. — Surgeon, John F. South, Esq. —
Secretary, Mr. W. W. Hastings, Southampton-st. Bloomsbury-sq.
— Solicitors, Messrs. Hastings and Best. — Matron, Mrs. Arnold.
Resident Midwife, Mrs. Fountain. — Collector, Mr. W. Davis, 17,
Canterbury-place, Lambeth.
32
LYING-IN INST«- BH^Mial CljlirifeS for A.i).1824andl829
QUEEN ADELAIDES LYING-IN HOSPITAL,
Queen- street, Golden-square. Established 1824.i Furnishes
poor lying-in women with assistance and medicine at their
own homes, but those who may be totally destitute are ad-
mitted into the Hospital after the due investigation of their
cases. This Hospital reports a very satisfactory result at-
tending the practice of its usefulness, and specially during
the past year, when, in 1,000 cases, not one terminated
fatally. The annual average of cases is about that number.
A subscription of one guinea annually, or 10 guineas at
one time, constitutes a Governor, who is entitled to recom-
mend one in-patient every second year, and three out-
patients annually.
Consulting Physician, James Arthur Wilson, M.D. — Consulting
Surgeon, Samuel Lane, Esq. — Consulting Physician- Accoucheur,
Henry Davies, M.D.- — Resident Medical Officer, William Henry
Yell, Esq.— Apothecary, Thomas Stillman, Esq. — House Surgeon,
Walter Rochfort, Esq. — Cupper, John Mapleson, Esq. — Bankers,
Messrs. Hopkinson and Co. — Honorary Secretary, Thomas Still-
man, Esq. — Collector, Mr. George Churchman, Marshall-street,
Golden-square.
QUEEN ADELAIDE AND BRITISH LADIES'
INSTITUTION, 13, Chapel-place, Cavendish-square. Es-
tablished 1829. For attendance upon poor married women
at their own habitations, and for providing them with medi-
cine and use of linen during their confinement, upon a
subscriber's recommendation ; which entitles them to the
attendance of a skilful and experienced midwife, or in cases
of difficulty or danger, to that of one of the medical gen-
tlemen, and all necessary medicine for one month, free of
all charges. The district through which the benefits of this
charity extends, comprises the parish of St. George, Han-
over-square, the parishes in the City and Liberties of West-
minster, the Borough of Mary-le-bone, including St. Pancras
and Paddington, Chelsea, Brompton, and Kensington.
Subscribers of one guinea have a right to recommend two
objects annually for medical attendance, or four for the use
of linen during the month of confinement.
^ Founded, in 1824, as the Middlesex Dispensary, afterward.s, in 183.^,
as a lying-in hospital. It is stated to be the only one in London, where
no midwives are employed.
33
LYING-IN INSTS- |*|Itnal ^^IlfpSrS. A.D. 1778 & 1787
Medical Officers : John Moody, Esq. ; Thomas Davis, Esq. ;
H. St. John BuUen, Esq. — Treasurer and Secretary, B. G. Beale,
Esq. — Clerk, Mr. T. Dean. — Collector, Mr. J. Pateman.
THE CHARLOTTE STREET GENERAL LYING-
IN AND SICK DISPENSARY, 10, RusseU-place, Rath-
bone-place. Instituted 1778. For the delivery and support
of poor married women, each patient when confined receiv-
ing four shillings ; and also for the relief of poor sick men,
women, children, and servants, at their own habitations, in
all parts of London and Westminster, by medical and sur-
gical attendance. Recommendatory tickets from the sub-
scribers are received at the Dispensary between 9 and 11
o'clock every morning (Sundays excepted). The annual
number of patients attended and relieved is generally 600.
One guinea annual, or 10 guineas donation, entitles to
recommend two patients.
Surgeon-Accoucheur and Secretary, John Robinson Wells, Esq.,
Wimpole-street. — Consulting Surgeon, B. Phillips, Esq. — Collec-
tor, Mr. Guynette, 11, Upper Cleveland-street, Fitzroy-square.
NEWMAN STREET LYING-IN INSTITUTION,
90, Newman-street. Established 1787. For delivering and
assisting poor married women, during their confinement at
their own habitations. In addition to the medical attend-
ance, it afibrds a gratuity of five shillings to each poor pa-
tient requiring it. The average number annually thus
attended is upwards of 300. One guinea annual, or 10
guineas donation, entitles to recommend two patients.
President, Lord Kenyon.— Treasurer, W. Churton, Esq., 91,
Oxford-street. — Consulting Physician, R. Lee, M.D. — Surgeon-
Accoucheur, Mr. Tucker, 38, Bemers-street. — Honorary Secre-
tary, Mr. B. W. Gardiner, Princes-street, Cavendish-square. —
Secretary, Mr. Woolmer, 90, Newman-street.
The other Maternity Charities partake more of the
general character of district visiting and distress-relieving
associations, such as enable poor married women to obtain
gratuitous attendance, including the loan of a box of linen,
&LC., and are attached to most of the visiting societies and
congregational charities, and generally superintended by a
committee of ladies, who personally visit each case : the
subscriptions are from 5 to 21 shillings, and every subscriber
8
34
WOMEN & CHiLD^-- MttM J^BXHm fat A.P. 1843 & 1847
can recommend cases according to the sum subscribed. —
Vide " Mother and Infant's Friend Society," &c.
HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN, Red Lion Square, Blooms-
bury. Instituted 1843. Exclusively for the reception and
treatment of females who are afflicted with diseases peculiar
to the sex. The number of patients admitted during a year
is from 50 to 60 ; last year 53 — 39 married and 14 single. Of
these, 23 were discharged cured, and 26 greatly benefited ;
4 only were found incurable.
The objects of this Hospital must not be confounded with
lying-in charities or others. It is the only institution of the
kind where medical attention is afforded exclusively for fe-
male suffering. Cases are, of course, received by the general
hospitals ; but here, skill and care are directed alone to them,
and, as the returns exhibit, with great success in the most
difficult and baffling cases. The annual expenses are fairly
met by the receipts, of about Xl,000, but as these arise wholly
from voluntary sources, they are precarious, and, more than
that, are derived, for the most part, from donations.
Three guineas annual, or thirty guineas donation, entitle
to recommend one in-patient and ten out-patients during
the year. One guinea annual, or 10 guineas donation, to
recommend out-patients only.
President, the Duke of Rutland. — Treasurer, John Dean Paul,
Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Edward Futvoye, Esq., 23, John-
street — Medical Officers : Consulting Physician, Robert Fergusson,
Esq., M.D. — Physicians: Edward Rigby, Esq., M.D.; Protheroe
Smith, Esq., M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, F. C. Skey, Esq. —
Bankers, Messrs. Strahan, Paul, Paul, and Bates. — Collector, Mr.
Robert Watkins, 19, Clarence-road, Kentish Town.
FREE HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN,
and Samaritan Institution, 1, North Audley-street. Formed
1847. This institution is made likewise to bear the title of
" the Gynepathic Hospital •} but more properly speaking, it
is simply a dispensary. Its plan appears to comprehend
primarily, the same objects as the Hospital for Women last
mentioned, but confined in treatment to out-patients ; and
secondly, the operations of a maternity charity : the state-
ment issued by its Directors, represents 13,345 cases as having
been treated since its formation, and considerable assistance
^ Described as founded by Dr. Jones, first, in Gray-street, Manchester-
square ; allerwards, 4, Orchard-street, Portman-square.
35
INPIRMAKY FOB ^jIBrijll ^^UtpIISJS. CHILDREN, A.D.1816
aflForded as a Samaritan Institution, in supplying medicines
and other requisites to servants and the sick poor generally,
from whom no recommendation is required.
The medical officers are in daily attendance at twelve
o'clock. One pound annually, or ten pounds donatioij, is re-
quired to constitute a Governor. The support afforded to
the institution appears to be increasing.
President, Lord D. C. Stewart. — Consulting Physician, R. Lee,
Esq., M.D. — Surgeon, C. G. Guthrie, Esq. — Treasurer, Grattan
Cooke, Esq., 37, AUsop -terrace. New-road. ^ — Assistant Secretary,
Mr. J. W. Mountain, 2, Albert-terrace. — ^Physicians : W. Jones,
Esq., M.D.; H. Savage, Esq., M.D. — Dental Surgeon, D. J. Bren-
neis, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, A. H. Moore, Esq., 10, Glou-
cester-road, llegent's-pk. — Collector, Mr. J. Gardner, 68, Leather-
lane. — Bankers, Sir Claude Scott, Bart., and Co.
ROYAL INFIRMARY FOR CHILDREN, Waterloo
Bridge-road. Instituted 1816. For affording prompt medical
aid to the children of the necessitous poor in all parts of the
metropolis and its vicinity, from the period of their bu'th to
the age of fourteen years, and is open in all cases to a first
appKcation for relief without recommendation, daily from
nine o'clock till eight a.m. Medicines and attendance are
likewise afforded to the sick mothers of the patients. Since
the beginning of 1848, it has relieved more than 10,000 pa-
tients. Its funds are represented as in a falling state, owing
to an accumulating debt of about £'500, for drugs. They
are entirely dependant on voluntary support. A subscrip-
tion of one guinea annually, constitutes a Governor, with the
right of a vote at all elections.
Patron, the Queen.— President, the Lord Mayor for the time
being. — Treasurer, Arthur Kett Barclay, Esq., Southwark. —
Bankers, Messrs. Fuller and Co., Lothbury. — Consulting Physi-
cian, James Copland, M.D. — Physicians: H. Willshire, M.D.;
C. Hutton, M.D.; and S. W. J. Merriman, M.D.— Surgeons :
Walter C. Denby, Esq.; W. B. Hawes, Esq.; and E. Canton, Esq.
— Surgeon Dentist, S. Cartwriglit, Esq. — House Surgeon and Apo-
thecary, Robert Westley, M.B., who resides at the infirmary. —
Secretary, Mr. E. Meymott, 34, Stamford-street. — CoUector, Lieut.
Flint, 87, Great Portland-street, Cavendish- square.
Note. A HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN is, now designed, for the
reception of in-patients. The preliminary prospectus proposes 100 beds;
and age of patients, from two to twelve years. The responsible nuincs to
this charitable project are Joseph Hoare, Esq., as Treasurer, and H. A,
Bathurst, Esq., 1 Uevonshire-place, as Honorary Secretary.
36
SMALL-POX HOS. ^JlMui €)^mtm for A.D. 1746
Vaccination is now practised at all our hospitals, but the
three following institutions are almost exclusively for its
promotion. The discovery was made first in 1796, by Dr.
Jenner ; in 1798-91 the cure became public, and its prac-
tice, in some considerable degree, began to supersede the old
plan pursued by the Small Pox Hospital, which was, in fact,
founded with the system of Inocidation^ for one of its chief
objects. The two systems were each pursued untU 1808,
when the governors appeared to be convinced that the public
verdict in favour of vaccination was a right one, and deter-
mined to discontinue the other. Their hesitation, however,
to adopt suddenly the new method, led to the establishment
of the Royal Jennerian Institution, in 1803. In 1809, the
government establishment was formed ; and from that time
to 1820, it became the recognized method throughout aU
Europe. The Vaccination Act was passed 3 and 4 Victoria,
1840.
SMALL POX AND VACCINATION HOSPITAL,
Upper HoUoway, Highgate-hill. Instituted 1746.3 The de-
sign of this institution is two-fold ; first, to shelter and relieve
those who are attacked by natural small-pox ; and, secondly,
to prevent that dreadful malady by vaccination.
Every poor person, of five years old or upwards, labouring
under casual small-pox, is deemed a proper object as an in-
patient. Children under that age are admitted, with their
mothers or nurses, on the payment of \s. Qd. per day for
their board. Admission every day, and at any hour, upon
the recommendation of a Governor. The accommodation of
the hospital has been increased, by the new building, from 35
to 70 beds. The number of in-patients admitted during 1 847
was 461, of whom 81 died; the number of out-patients, 3,230
Vaccination is given daily, from ten till one o'clock ; and
^ Dr. Jenner's first work upon the subject was published (by Sampson
Low, of Berwick-street, Soho), 1798; and in 1802 he received a grant of
^eiO.OOO or ^ei 2,000 for his discovery.
2 Inoculation was introduced into this country, from Turkey, by Lady
Montague, who was allowed to have it tried for the first time on seven
condemned criminals, 1721.
* The building, at Battle-bridge, St. Pancras. was not opened until
1767. This was purchased, with the land, by the Great Northern Rail-
way Company, and the present building erected, at a cost of ^£20,000, out
of compensation thereby obtained. It opens for the reception of patients
at Midsummer.
37
BOYAL YACCINE. ^^UiSii l^lIipSfS. A.D. 1806
vaccine lymph is gratuitously distributed to physicians and
surgeons who may apply for the same ; and the hospital is
open for the instruction of medical pupils, who may learn,
within its walls, the appearance of small-pox, and of cow-
pox, (fee.
One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes
a Governor. The funds of the hospital are supported in
part also by parochial contributions for the treatment of
pauper patients.
Treasurer, Florance Thomas Young, Esq., 9, Great Cumberland-
place. — Chaplain, Rev. W. S. Rowe, M.A. — Physician, George
Gregory, M.D. — Resident Surgeon, etc., James Fumess Marson,
Esq. — Secretary, Samuel Clift, Esq., 30, Bloomsbury-square. —
Matron, Mrs. Elizabeth Deeble.
THE BOYAL JENNERIAN AND LONDON VAC-
CINE INSTITUTION, 18, Providence-row, Finsbury-
square. Founded 1806. Stations for vaccination, free of
expense, on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thurs-
days, at two o'clock. No. 1, Union-court, opposite St. An-
drew's Church, Holborn-hill ; at half-past two o'clock; head
vaccine house, No. 18, Providence-row, Finsbury-square,
where vaccine matter is delivered any time between nine
and five.
The returns for 1848 exhibit the number of persons vac-
cinated as 7,051, and supplies of vaccine transmitted to va-
rious parts of the world to the extent of 30 or 40,000. The
Board of Ordnance, and many other public bodies, receive
their supplies here.
This Institution is supported at a cost of little more than
£300 per annum ; an amount but barely covered by its
voluntary contributions, upon which it wholly depends.
Bankers, Messrs. Barclay and Co. — Secretary, Charles Chantry,
Esq. — Medical Director, John Epps, M.D., 89, Great RusseU-st.
— Collector, Mr. David Hine, 16, Gresham-place.
NATIONAL VACCINE ESTABLISHMENT, S, Rus-
sell-place, Fitzroy-square. Established 1809. The board,
appointed by government to regulate the affairs of this esta-
blishment for gratuitous vaccination, etc., is constituted of
the president aud senior censor of the Royal College of Phy-
sicians, and the president of the Royal College of Surgeons.
Medical practitioners, in all parts of the empire, may be
supplied with vaccipe lymph, without any expense, provided
38
OPHTHALMIC. Mttiui Ciifiritips fnr a.d. 1804
they report the number vaccinated from the former supply.
By the last annual return, ordered by parliament, it appears
that during the year, 174,291 charges of lymph have been
distributed, and 11,790 children vaccinated by the surgeons
appointed for the London districts. Letters of application
to be addressed to the Registrar, and enveloped thus : — " To
the Right Hon. the Secretary of State for the Home Depart-
ment, Whitehall. Nat. Vaccine Estab." Vaccination days,
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, from ten till eleven o'clock.
Registrar, Clement Hue, M.D. — Inspector of Vaccinators and
Vaccinator, J. Newton Tomkins, Esq.— Stationary Vaccinators :
Frederick Agar, Esq. ; Charles Arthur Aikin, Esq. ; A. Buchanan,
Esq. ; George Cooper, Esq. ; William H. Freeman, Esq. ; W. J.
Gaye, Esq. ; G. M. Lease, Esq. ; W. J. Lewis, Esq. ; R. H. Ro-
bertson, Esq. ; Robert Sample, Esq. ; George Simpson, Esq. ; S.
H. Sterry, Esq. ; Nowall Stowers, Esq. ; Robert Wade, Esq. ; N.
B. Ward, Esq. ; Erasmus Wren, Esq.
ROYAL LONDON OPHTHALMIC HOSPITAL,
Moorfields. Founded 1804. For the cure of diseases of the
eye, and for advancing the science of ophthalmic medicine
and surgery. It was the first institution of the kind ever
established in England, and nearly 200,000 patients have
been under the care of its medical officers, and within the
last two years, 16,054 out-patients, and 445 in-patients.
The annual income is about ^£800, half of which arises
from dividends ; the remainder depends on voluntary support.
Patients are admitted daily, without recommendation,
from eight to ten, and cases of emergency at all hours.
One guinea annually, or ten guineas and upwards at one
time, constitutes a Governor.
President, Earl Fitzwilliam — Treasurer, John Labouchere,
Esq. — Trustees : John Labouchere, Esq. ; Joseph Gumay Bar-
clay, Esq. ; Sir Charles Rugga Price, Bart. — Consulting Physi-
cian, John Richard Farre, M.D. — Physician, Frederick J. Farre,
M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, John Dalrymple, Esq. — Surgeons:
Gilbert Mackmurdo, Esq. ; James Dixon, Esq. ; George Critchett,
Esq. — Assistant Surgeons : William Bowman, Esq. ; Alfred Po-
land, Esq. — Cuppers, Messrs. T. W. Foster and Co. — Resident
Apothecary, Mr. W. Ledger. — Secretary, Mr. F. A. Curling,
Winchester House, 54, Old Broad-street. — Collector, Mr. W.
Eddrup, 51, Houndsditch.
39
OPHTHALMIC. ^^ttM I^IirpSJS. A.D. 1804 & 1816
ROYAL INFIRM A R Y, for the Relief of the Poor afflicted
with Diseases of the Eye, Cork-street, Burlington-gardens.
Instituted 1804.^ Every person applying as an out-patient,
is relieved and placed upon the list of a governor, taken in
rotation from the list of subscribers ; but this does not inter-
fere with the governor's privilege of sending the number of
patients to which his subscription entitles him. A governor
is entitled to have three out-patients constantly on the books.
The Committee meet the first Tuesday after each quarter
day, at eleven o'clock. During the past year 2,671 patients
were treated, of whom only 89 were found incurable. 58
operations were performed for cataract, 63 of which were
successful. Since the first year, the total number has been
86,792 patients cured, 2,743 found incurable, and 2,527 suc-
cessful operations for cataract performed, 183 of which were
upon persons born blind.
The present income is represented as insufficient, and as
limiting the number of in-patients. Such are now only ad-
mitted in cataract cases, whilst requiring operation. The
whole amount of receipts is under .£300 per annum, two-
thirds of which depends on subscriptions. The expenditure
exceeds the income by more than £\00 a-year.
A donation of 20 guineas and upwards, or a subscription
of 2 guineas and upwards annually, constitutes a Governor.
President, The Duke of Somerset. — Operating Surgeon and
Surgeon in Ordinary, Henry Alexander, Esq. — Assistant Surgeon,
Charles Revans Alexander, Esq. — Visiting Apothecary, E. A.
Brande, Esq. — Treasurer, Frank Milne, Esq. — Honorary Secre-
tary, John Savory, Esq., 143, New Bond-street. — Collector, Mr.
Scarman, 17, Maddox-street.
THE ROYAL WESTMINSTER OPHTHALMIC
HOSPITAL, Chandos-street, Charing- cross. Instituted
1816. For the relief of the poor of every description, labour-
ing under diseases of the eye, on their own application, with-
out letters of recommendation from governors. Persons in
the country will be received after a previous application made
by the clergyman of the parish.
■^ Founded by Sir Wathen Wallur laying a proposal before their Ma-
jesties, for tbe formation of an infirmary, incident upon the extent of suf-
fering he was then endeavouring to relieve amongst the soldiers and
sailors who had returned from the Egyptian expedition.
40
y. L. OPHTHALMIC. J&tUui Cljaritirs for a.d. i84i
During the past year, 187 in-patients have been under
treatment, and 4,205 out-patients. The number of operations
of an important character average 100 annually. The days
of admission for in-patients and advice for out-patients are
Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, from half-past twelve
to half-past one. Since its formation, 1705 cases have been
restored to sight by the operation for cataract.
The income averages ,£600 per annum, £150 of which
arises from dividends. The expenditure is under this amount
at present.
Subscribers are entitled at all elections to a vote for each
guinea paid annually, or for each 20 guineas paid at once as
fe- governors.
President, The Duke of Wellington. — Chairman, Sir J. E.
Swinburne. — Honorary Chaplain, Rev. James Murray, M.A. —
Treasurers : Colonel Wood ; Colonel Thomas Wood. — Surgeons :
G. J. Guthrie, Esq. ; Charles Gardiner Guthrie, Esq. ; Henry
Hancock, Esq. — Assistant Surgeon, Edwin Canton, Esq. — House
Surgeon, Mr. R. Hamilton. — Secretary, Thomas R. Fowler, R.N.,
10, Brook-street, Lambeth. — Cupper, Mr. G. F.Knox. — Cupper,
Mr. Boutell. — Housekeeper, Mrs. Silver.
TRB NORTH LONDON OPHTHALMIC INSTI-
TUTION, 31, Charlotte-street, Portland-place. Instituted
1841. For the relief of all poor with diseases of the eye.
Open daily (Sundays excepted), from ten till eleven in the
morning. Urgent cases are seen at all times, at the resi-
dences of the medical officers, and if requisite, admitted into
the house.
The number of patients during the past year has been
1,134, ; of whom 834 have recovered, 74 materially bene-
fited, 29 incurable, and 397 are under treatment. The ex-
penses appear very moderate, being under ^130, and are
dependant for the requisite amount from voluntary contri-
butions.
One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes
a Governor, entitled to one vote at all elections of medical
officers, and to recommend cases.
Consulting Surgeon, John Dalrymple, Esq. — Surgeons : W.
White Cooper, Esq. ; George Pollock, Esq. ; John Pyle, Esq. ;
H. B. Norman, Esq. — Apothecary, Mr. Burcham. — Matron, Mrs.
Darling. — Treasurer, R. Twining, Jun., Esq. — Bankers, Messrs.
Twining. — Collector, Mr. Walter, 2, Riding-house-lane, Port-
land-place.
41
OPHTHALMIC, 1843. ^|n*rifll ^HipSPS. EAR DISEASES, 1816
CENTRAL LONDON OPHTHALMIC HOSPITAL,
1, Calthorpe- street (corner of Gray's Inn-road. Established
184.3. First opened as a Dispensary, of rather restricted be-
nefits, but during the last two or three years considerably
extended ; and at the present time the annual number of
patients relieved is upwards of 2,000, and last year 700 serious
operations were performed. This charity appears to be ma-
naged at a very little expense, and much more usefulness
effected by it than could be reasonably expected, from its
limited receipts.
Attendance is given daily at two o'clock ; on Mondays,
Wednesdays, and Fridays, by Mr. Walton, and the alternate
days by Mr. Smee. No letter of recommendation is requisite
to procure relief and medicine. Extreme cases only, and
those requiring operation, are admitted as in-patients, for
which the recommendation of a governor is indispensable,
and generally the repayment of patient's board.
One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes
a Governor.
President, Lord Calthorpe. — Treasurer, William Smee, Esq. —
Bankers, Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smiths. — Surgeons: H.
Haynes Walton, Esq. ; Alfred Smee, Esq. — Honorary Secretary,
Robert J. Child, Esq., 25, Blandford-square. — Collector, Mr.
James Gye, Hall of Commerce, City.
ROYAL DISPENSARY for Diseases of the Ear, 10,
'Dean-street, Soho-square.i Established 1816. Such patients
as require acoustic instruments, are supplied with them gra-
tuitously. Accidents, and also cases of deaf and dumb, are
admitted without letters of recommendation. The report of
this dispensary states, that the means of support are totally
inadequate to meet the numerous appeals for relief.
One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, entitles to
have one patient always on the books.
President, The Duke of Buccleugh. — Physician, J. Tattersall,
Esq. — Treasurer, John Masterman, Esq. — Secretary and Collec-
tor, Mr. Henry S. Smith.
METROPOLITAN EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY,
25, Sackville-strect.2 Established 1838. The reports of this
1 For many years under the direction of Mr. J. H. Curtis.
2 Late the Metropolitan Institution for Diseases of the Ear, Throat,
etc., 32, Sackv-ille- street.
42
OETHOPiEDIC HOS. 3Jlttol CljIlrititS fill A. D. 1836
institution represent an annual average of patients of nearly
800. The days for their attendance are Monday, Wednes-
day, and Friday, from ten to eleven.
Five guineas donation, or one guinea annually, entitle to
recommend cases. Patients coming without recommenda-
tions have to obtain their own medicines.
President, Lord Denman. — Treasurer, H. T. Clack, Esq., Union
Bank, 12, Argyle-place. — Surgeon, James Yearsley, Esq., 15,
Saville-row. — Secretary, Mr. G. J. Soper.
THE ORTHOPONIC INSTITUTION appears to be
formed for the purpose of advancing and giving publicity to
the method pursued by Mr. Yearsley, the aurist to the last-
mentioned establishment, in the treatment of persons afflicted
with stammering, aphonia, and other impediments of speech,
or diseases of the throat. It is described as an institution of
a private character, and without any published report. Open
for the reception of patients on Thursday mornings, from
ten till eleven.
Surgeon, James Yearsley, Esq., 15, Saville-row. — Conductor of
the Elocutionary Treatment, Rev. Henry Butterfield, M.A.
ROYAL ORTHOPEDIC HOSPITAL, 6, Bloomsbury-
square. Founded 1838 ; commenced operations, 1840 ; re-
ceived the first six in-patients, 1841. For the cure of club-
foot and other contractions, lateral curvature of the spine, etc.
This very excellent charity provides successful treatment for
those distortions of the human body so deplorable to witness,
and, untU lately, believed incurable ; recent operations, how-
ever, have been very successful in discovering a most impor-
tant method by which even extreme adult cases of contraction
and deformity may be cured in a few weeks or months, ob-
viating the slow and uncertain progress of cure under the old
mechanical plan of treatment.^ These deformities being of
more frequent occurrence amongst the poor, and the expense
attending their relief great, are amongst the reasons why
this institution should be supported by the benevolent.
The Secretary states, that the number of applications for
^ Dr. Little, of Finsbury-square, and Mr. Henry T. Chapman, of
Lower Seymour-street, were amongst the first to introduce in this country,
and have proved mainly instrumental in perfecting, the present system
(dividing the tendons, etc.), carried out upon the principle discovered by
Delpech, and further developed by Dr. Stroraeyer, of Hanover. Both the
above gentlemen are deserving of great credit for their careful study of
the pathology of this important subject.
43
THE YERRAL, &C. ^JftM f mpHSfS. A.D. 1836
relief, averages 30 to 40 per week, from all parts of the king-
dom, and that many distressing cases are excluded from the
hospital solely for want of accommodation. The wards con-
tain 36 beds. The number of patients benefited during last
year was upwards of 1,200, and the present daily average of
out-patients, 100.
One guinea annually, or 5 guineas donation, constituting
a member for ten years, or 10 guineas a life member — entitled
to recommend one in and two out-patients annually. The
payment of X'lO entitles a patient to be received at once into
an " extra bed." The annual expenditure amounts to about
j£l,600 per annum ; and voluntary contributions constitute,
with a trifling exception, its entire support.
President, Duke of Cambridge. — Treasurers : Mr. Sargeant
Adams, and others. — Surgeon, R. W. Tamplin, Esq., 29, Great
Queen-street. — Assistant Surgeons : E. F. Lonsdale, Esq. ; E. J.
Chance, Esq. — Chaplain and Honorary Secretary, Rev. George
Kemp, M.A., 13, Bloomsbury-square. — Bankers, Messrs. Martin,
Stones, and Martins. — Secretary, Mr. B. Maskell, 7, Bloomsbury-
square.
THi: VERBAL CHARITABLE SOCIETY, 84, Nor-
ton-street, Great Portland-street. Established 1836. For
the reception and treatment of poor persons, afflicted with
diseases and distortions of the spine, chest, hips, etc. Sub-
scribers of 1 guinea annually, or 10 guineas at one time, are
entitled to have one patient always under treatment. It is
expected that the out-patients nominated shall be unable to
defray their own expenses. In-patients or their friends have
to pay a monthly amount for board. The medical officers
may be consulted gratuitously by the poor at the office, on
Tuesdays, between the hours of eleven and one.
The Asylum, Eastbourne, Sussex, is for the benefit of such
patients as require sea air to perfect their treatment. They
must have the recommendation of a subscriber, and pay a
moderate weekly amount for board, etc. It is under the
management of a local ladies' committee.
Treasurer, Mrs. Henry Ogle.^ — Sm^eons: W. C. Hugman,
Esq. ; Charles Verrall, Esq. ; Henry Day, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs.
Hanbury and Co. — Honorary Secretary, C. Verrall, Esq.-^ Agents,
Houlston and Stoneman, Paternoster-row. — Collector, Mr. James
Bumingham, 13, Liverpool-place, New-road.
^ This Society was founded, by Mrs. Ogle, in 1836, conjointly with
the late Dr. Verral, father of the present surgeon.
44
FISTULA iNFiRMT. 3^^^^! CijaritiBS fur a.d. isss
HAERISOJV'SSPIJVAL INSTITUTION, 2, Middlesex-
place, New-road, Paddington. Founded by the late Dr.
Harrison ; and receives six in-door patients, whom it pro-
vides with food and every comfort besides medical treatment.
Twenty guineas donation constitutes a Life Governor,
who has the right to recommend a patient.
President, R. W. Sievier, Esq. — Physician, Dr. Semy. — Sur-
geon, George N. Epps, Esq. — Consulting Physician, Dr. Epps,
— Bankers, Coutts and Co. — Secretary, Mr. Charles Musgrave,
94, Chancery-lane. — Collector, Mr. Robert Simpson, 19, Brook-
street, Grosvenor-square.
HOSPITAL for SPINAL DEFORMITIES, 26, Judd-
place-west, is an institution of a private character, for the
development of the mode of treatment pursued by Mr. Joseph
Amesbury; until lately held at 31, Queen-square, Blooms-
bury.
Surgeon, Mr. Amesbury. — Secretary, Mr. James Clements.
THE FISTULA INFIRMARY, 38, Charter House-
square. Instituted 1835. An infirmary for the relief of the
poor, afflicted with fistula, and other diseases of the rectum.
It has restored, within a few years, many hundreds of the
poorer order from pain and misery to health and enjoyment.
The regular day of admission for males is Tuesday, at half-
past eight ; for females, Friday, at the same time. No pa-
tient is refused to be placed under treatment who applies
at the Infirmary. To give them as little trouble as pos-
sible, they are accepted upon account of the governor who
resides nearest to them, or of such in the country as may not
have used their privileges.
In consequence of a recent munificent gift of a piece of
ground, on the east of Safiron-hill, by Mr. Bond Cabbell,
valued at between £4,000 and £5,000, it has been determined
to proceed forthwith in raising a sufiicient building fund for
the erection of a suitable hospital. It is expected to be
nearly five years before ready ; and it will then, in pursuance
of the wishes of Mr. Cabbell, be termed, " St. Andrew's Hos-
pital for Diseases of the Lower Intestines." This title, how-
ever, it is distinctly understood, is not to be used previous to
that period.
The number of patients treated last year was 520 ; of
whom 105 remained on the books at the end of the year, 68
45
TRUSS SOCIETIES. ^^Ufli ^111^051*5. A.D. 1786 <fc 1807
awaiting their turn for admission, being cases requiring the
assistance of operative surgery, with in-door comforts. The
want of hospital room has alone retarded hitherto the bene-
fits of this excellent institution, and limited its extent ; the
number of in-patients must be limited, from the fact of only
<£264 being charged last year for maintenance. The pre-
sent amount of annual income is about ,£800, including the
interest of j£3,000, forming part of building fund referred to.
The expenses are economical, and the whole disbursements
at present well covered.
Subscribers of one guinea annual, or donors of 10, are en-
titled to recommend two out-patients annually ; and double
that amount, two in-patients and four out.
Treasurer, John Masterman, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Master-
man and Co. — Honorary Chaplain, Rev. G. Taylor, M.A. — Hono-
rary Physician, John James Fumivall, Esq., M.D. — Honorary
Surgeon, Frederick Salmon, Esq. — House Surgeon, Henry R.
Burton, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Thomas Leslie. — Matron, Mrs.
Wilson. — Collector, Mr. W. Harben, 64, Camden-road-vUlas,
Camden Town.
NATIONAL TRUSS SOCIETY, 74, King William-
street, City. Instituted 1 786. For the purpose of amelio-
rating the pitiable state of such among the working classes
as are afflicted with hernia, more commonly known as rup-
ture ; for the relief of both sexes.
The cases are more than temporally relieved, as each poor
sufferer is supplied with a truss, or other instrument neces-
sary for the complaint, as long as the want for it is felt.
Contributors may recommend three cases in the year.
Treasurer, Charles Francis, Esq. — Trustees: Sir John Rae
Reid, Bart. ; Arthur Kett Barclay, Esq. ; and the Treasurer. —
Bankers, Sir Charles Price, Bart, and Co. — Surgeon, Samuel
Solly, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Henry Swift.
CITT OF LONDON TRUSS SOCIETY, 76, Queen-
street, Cheapside. Instituted 1807. Similar to the preceding,
to provide trusses, furnish bandages and other necessary in-
struments, adminster surgical aid promptly, and to supply
medicines and attendance during the cure of the patient.
No persons but those who are really indigent can receive the
benefit of this charity. The number of patients relieved
since the formation of the society is nearly 150,000, and the
annual average of patients at the present time is stated to
be 5,000.
4fi
RUPTUBE,A.D.i804 3lMiral CjiHritiw fnr aldis's, a.d. 1820
One gxiinea annually constitutes a Governor, entitled to
recommend four patients within the year. The Surgeon
attends on Wednesdays and Saturdays, at one o'clock, to ex-
amine the cases recommended ; or the patients may apply
at his house, 48, Hatton-garden, any morning before nine
o'clock.
President, The Earl of Eldon. — Treasurer, Samuel Cartwright,
Esq. — Surgeon, John C. Taunton, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Thomas
Eglinton, 39, King-street, Cheapside.
RUPTURE SOCIETY, 22, Lincoln's-inn-fields.i Insti-
tuted 1804. For the relief of the poor of both sexes. The
benefits extended to all parts of the kingdom. 1,047 pa-
tients were relieved by its means last year, and 40,000, it is
stated, since its formation, at an annual expense of between
.£3,000 and J4,000, raised by voluntary contributions.
One guinea annually, or 10 guineas at one payment, en-
titles to recommend three patients annually, who will be sup-
plied with either single or double truss, and necessary advice.
Patients must attend before nine o'clock, with their recom-
mendations, at the Surgeon's residence, 26, Grosvenor-street.
Treasurer, Henry Merrick Hoare, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs.
Hoare. — Surgeon, Caesar A. Hawkins, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. John
Porter, 22, Lincoln 's-inn-fields. — -Collector, Mr. Jeffery, 3, Found-
ling-terrace.
THE LOCK HOSPITAL, although in one sense a me-
dical charity, partakes more of the character of a " refuge" ;
therefore the account, in full, will be found given hereafter.
INSTITUTION FOR THE CURE AND RELIEF
OF GLANDULAR DISEASES, especially those denomi-
nated Cancer, Scrofula, etc., 20, Clifford-street, Bond-street.
Established 1820. The founder states that for ten years
prior to the establishment of this institution, he had, entirely
at his own expense, by advice and medicines, given assistance
to about 5,000 poor patients : since its establishment, up-
wards of 2,000 afflicted poor have been relieved and cured
from glandular complaints, for which the institution is ex-
clusively appropriated. Patients are to attend daily (Sundays
excepted), between the hours of nine and twelve in the
morning ; but, if unable, they will be visited at the distance
of one mile and a half.
^ For some years lield at 26, Golden-square.
47
LONDON INFIRMARY ^pHKl ^HrpStS. FOR SKIN, A.D. 1841
One guinea annually, or 10 guineas at one time, consti-
tutes a Governor, entitled to have one patient on the books
at a time.
President, The Marquis of Salisbury. — Treasurer, B. Bond Cab-
bell, Esq., M.P. — Surgeon and Founder of the Institution, Sir
Charles Aldis, 13, Old Burlington-street, St. James's, to whom all
letters, relative to the business of the estabUsbment, are to be
addressed.^ — Honorary Secretary, F, K. Jones, Esq., 10, Bruns-
wick-square. — Collecting Clerk, Mr. J. White, 68, Lamb's-Con-
duit-street.
LONDON INFIRMARY for the Treatment of Diseases
of the Skin, 25, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars. Instituted
1841. This Infirmary was originally at 84, London- wall.
Patients must be recommended by a subscriber's ticket, and
apply on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, between the
hours of two and four. Patients, if not discharged before,
must renew their recommendatory tickets every two months.
Tickets of admission may be obtained daily between one
and three, at the dispensary, but will require a Governor's
signature.
One guinea annual constitutes a Governor, with power to
recommend patients as often he wishes ; five guineas dona-
tion the same privilege for six years, and ten guineas dona-
tion the same for life. Between 4,000 and 5,000 patients are
relieved annually. The amount of " The Voluntary Conva-
lescent Contributions " for the past year was .£322 ; a fact
telling much for the benefits conferred by the institution.
President, Samuel Gumey, Esq.— Treasurer, J. G. Barclay,
Esq. — ^ Honorary Secretary, Boyes Thornton, Esq. — Consulting
Physicians : T. Southwood Smith, Esq., M.D. ; Thomas Hodgkin,
Esq., M.D. — Surgeon, James Startin, Esq. — Secretary, Mr.
Charles Nash. — Dispenser and Assistant Secretary, Mr. T. Bowen.
— Matron, Mrs. T. Bowen.
A DISPENSARY FOR DISEASES OF THE SKIN,
7 A, Hampstead-street, is open for the Treatment of Skin
Diseases and Cutaneous Aflfections. All poor afflicted per-
sons, it is stated, may receive both medicine and advice gra-
tuitously every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, from ten
until one o'clock, and also that an annual subscriber of one
guinea is entitled to have the names of tAVo patients always
on the books.
Physician, Dr. Innis.
48
INVALID ASYLUMS. 3MpMtKi CjiaritlPS flit A.D. 1825 & 1843
The benefit of country air, and the limited number of
patients, render the following Invalid Asylums peculiarly
advantageous for the recovery of health. Their benefits are
not, however, available to such as are decidedly in con-
sumption, suffering under infectious diseases, subject to fits,
or are incurable, the object being to restore health, if pos-
sible, by care and quietness, or at least to alleviate suffering.
INVALID ASYLUM for Respectable Females in Lonr-
don mid its Vicinity, High-street, Stoke Newington. Esta-
blished 1825. The objects of this institution are respectable
females, employed in shops and other dependent situations,
and servants obliged by illness to quit their places. To
such it affords a temporary asylum, widely differing from
the crowded receptacles for the sick in our metropolis. One
of its most striking peculiarities is the discrimination made of
character, no patient being admitted without a certificate
of good moral conduct, signed by two respectable house-
keepers, or by her employer, if the applicant has been in
service.
A subscription of one guinea annually, or ten guineas
donation, constitutes a Governor, with the privilege of re-
commending one patient in the year, who is entitled to
board, lodging, and medical attendance, for a time not ex-
ceeding one month ; the patient herself paying £\ on en-
trance, for which the institution finds tea and sugar.
Patroness, The Queen. — President, Vicountess MandeviUe. —
Treasurer, Mrs. M. Lister. — Consulting Physician, Dr. Cobb. —
Physicians : Dr. Cohen; Dr. Duesbury. — Consulting Surgeon, Wil-
liam Kingdon, Esq. — Surgeons : Samuel Reynolds, Esq. ; Frede-
rick Touhnin, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Mrs. Reynolds ; Misa
L. Bradshaw. — Honorary Collector, Miss E. Boyer, at Mrs.
M'Listers's, Paradise- row, Stoke Newington.
METROPOLITAN CONVALESCENT INSTITU-
TION, Office, 32, Sackville-street. Established 1843. All
who are acquainted with hospitals know how many patients
return home to die, for want of an asylum where convalescence
may be matured into health — where pure air and whole-
some food may complete what the surgeon and the physician
have begun. To relieve such invalids, the asylum near the
healthy village of Carshalton, Surrey, has been opened.
The present funds of the charity, although gradually in-
49
CONFIRMED FEMALE ^^KHHI ^HrpflStS. INVALIDS' INST. 1842
creasing, and apparently made the most of, are still very-
inefficient. The return of extent of usefulness last year is
very satisfactory : thus, 568 patients were received, of whom
401 were discharged " quite recovered." This shews an in-
crease of 117 inmates over the previous year.
This institution is rendering most essential service to the
debilitated and convalescent poor, who are admitted into the
asylum ; but more by the illustration it affords of the exist-
ing necessity for an establishment upon a more extended
scale, before our system of hospitals can in any way be consi-
dered perfect ; and it is to carry out this design that the
committee are now appealing for public support.'
One guinea annually, or ten guineas donation, constitutes
a Governor, entitled to send one patient, also extra patients
upon a weekly payment with each, of 12s. The committee
meet at 32, Sackville-street, Piccadilly, every Friday even-
ing, at 4 o'clock. Candidates for admission to attend with
their recommendations at 3 o'clock, at 25, Sackville-street,
to be examined by the medical officers.
Chairman, The Hon. W. H. Percy.^ — Treasurer, W. Money,
Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Strahan and Co. — Honorary Physicians :
Dr. Mac Intyre ; Dr. Bell. — Honorary Surgeons : W. S. Lucas,
Esq. ; James T. Ware, Esq.- — Medical Officer at Carshalton, Ed-
ward Wallace, Esq. — Honorary Solicitors, Messrs. T. J. and E. S.
Clarke.^ — Secretary, Mr. John Johnston, 32, Sackville-street, Pic-
cadilly. — Assistant Secretary and Collector, Mr. James Gye, 32,
Sackville-street, Piccadilly.
HOME FOR CONFIRMED FEMALE INVALIDS,
Birdcage-fields, Stamford-hill. Established 1842. Office,
64, Old Broad-street. Somewhat similar in objects to the
last — an asylum for invalids whose friends are in some de-
gree able to assist them, but not to afford all the neces-
sary comforts to protracted indisposition. This institution
is supported by monthly payments of 6s., 7s., or 8s. per week
from the patients, according to their degree of illness, and
by subscriptions from the benevolent. Each applicant must
obtain a recommendation from a subscriber, bearing testi-
mony to her good character, and an undertaking from a
^ The report of this institution cites an instance of a lady bequeathing
j£20,000 for establishing a convalescent institution on a commensurate
scale ; but by an infonnality in the will, the same could not be carried
out.
4
50
INVALID LADIES. 3HEhitKl CjlSlitrfS for ESTAB. A.D. 1850
housekeeper that her payments shall be regular, and en-
gaging her removal in 48 hours, if required, or in case of
death. The inmates are encouraged to attend public wor-
ship when their health will permit, and expected to assemble
for family devotion when able. Under the management of
a Committee of Ladies.
Donors of ^10, or subscribers of ^1, entitled to recom-
mend cases. Communications may be made either to the
treasurer, Mrs. James Foster, Stamford-hill, or to the matron,
Mrs. JefFeries, at the institution. Contributions received by
Messrs. Seeley, Fleet-street ; and Messrs. Foster and Braith-
waite, 64, Old Broad-street.
ESTABLISHMENT FOR GENTLEWOMEN DUR-
ING ILLNESS, 76, Harley-street. Forming 1850. This
institution is intended for gentlewomen of moderate or re-
duced means ; their privations during illness often equal, if
not exceed, the suffering of the actual poor, whose claims
upon the public are more patent, and their wants more pro-
vided for : prevented by their position from entering the hos-
pitals, deterred by delicacy and the feeling of independence
from obtruding their distress when overtaken by illness, those
who have been brought up from infancy amid the comforts
of life too often pass from temporary illness into premature
and hopeless decay, for the want of that relief which this
establishment proposes to afford.
This object, therefore, it is greatly to be hoped, will be
carried into operation early during the present year. The
amount received, as yet, only reaches, we are informed,
somewhat about .£2,000 ; but as this has been mostly the
Note. — THE .Sf^iV^rOiJ/C/Jf was an establishment somewhat simi-
lar to this in design ; it opened in 1842, in the New-road, and appeared
to ws at the time as a specially interesting institution, and calculated to
be of great service to the particular class comprehended in its objects, as
governesses, clerks, and other persons of respectable station, who might
be taken ill, without friends, in London ; as there, by small weekly pay-
ments, the first medical advice and treatment might be obtained. An-
nounced as it was, under the patronage of the Prince Consort, and full of
promise as its early operations appeared to be, it must be regretted that
our inquiries have failed to trace it ; and can only conclude it was one of
the numerous projects deficient in the energy and perseverance required
by every charity to stand the trying test of early struggles. The plan,
however, was decidedly an excellent one.
51
LUNATICS AND §)^tmi f lirp5?5.
result of private solicitation, there appears every probability
of ultimate success. The vicinity of Cavendish-square is
contemplated ; but an asylum, out of London, somewhat of
a similar character to the foregoing, would appear the most
desirable, as country air would enhance its benefit, whilst the
choice of a locality of easy railway access would equally serve
for prompt medical attendance : the scale of comfort afforded,
and extent to which it may be rendered available, must
wholly depend on the activity of its committee, as then this
much needed charity will be one the public will support.
President, Earl of Carlisle. — Vice-President, Hon. E. Spring
Rice. — Treasurer, E. Majoribanks, jun., Esq. — Bankers, Messrs.
Coutts & Co. — Hon. Sec, Wm. Dansey, Esq., 77, Harley-street.
The Public Hospitals for Lunatics^ and Idiots, must come
under the head of charities for medical relief, although,
correctly speaking, they partake more of the character of
asylums and homes, inasmuch as the treatment required
and afforded to those so afflicted, is care and attention
rather than medical skill.
The four institutions for this purpose deserve the especial
regard of the benevolent and philanthropic, embracing as
they do an efficient provision for protection and relief to
perhaps the most afflicted of our fellow creatures. The last
mentioned appears a particularly valuable one, or rather pro-
mises to be so : it fills a space long felt in the charitable
resources of our city, and, moreover, is the only one of the
four that depends on voluntary assistance.
By comparison of the returns made by the Metropolitan
Lunatic Commissioners with the information now before us,
there appears to be within their limits about 3,350 lunatics 2
1 Lunatics. — Statutes regarding the care and property of lunatics were
passed 17 Edward II, 1323, etseq.; statutes of George II, 1731 and 1741,
by the latter of which the marriages of lunatics were declared void;
statutes, George III, 1770-1773, et seq. Statutes regarding treatment :
9 and 10 George IV, July 1828, and May 1839 ; Richmond Lunatic
Asylum Act, 1 William IV, 18^1.— Haydn.
^ The total number of lunatics and idiots in England is as follows : —
lunatics, 6,806 ; idiots, 5741 ; taken together, allowing for defective re-
turns, about 14,000 — or an average of one to every thousand : in Wales,
about 1 ,000, or one in eight hundred ; in Scotland, 3,65!i, or about one
in seven hundred : in Ireland the number exceeds 8,000, as shown by re-
turns, but as yet these are not completed. Within twenty years insanity
has more tlian tripled. — Sir Andrew Halliday.
52
BETHLEHEM MtlM CljantlBg far H03P. A.D. 1546
and idiots under confinement, one half of whom are the in-
mates of some thirty or forty licensed private asylums, 400
at Bethlehem, 200 at St. Luke's, about 1,000 at Hanwell,
and, as has been already stated, 25 in the wards of Guy's
Hospital.
BETHLEHEM HOSPITAL, Lambeth. Founded 1546.1
All poor lunatics who are not disqualified by the following
regulations may be admitted throughout the year, and will
be provided with everything necessary for their complete
recovery, provided the same can be effected within twelve
months from the time of their admission : — Those lunatics
are inadmissible, who are possessed of property sufficient for
their decent support in a private asylum, or who have been
insane for more than twelve months: discharged uncured
from any other hospital for the reception of lunatics : female
lunatics who are with child : lunatics who are in a state of
idiotcy, or afflicted with any disease threatening death, or in
a state requiring the attendance of a nurse : so lame as to re-
quire a stick: blind: or who are enfeebled by age. — The admis-
sion of patients is effected by petition to the governors, from
a near relation or friend, accompanied by a certificate of the
minister and parish officers of the district where the lunatic
may reside, forms of which may be obtained at the hospital.^
^ Founded originally as a convent, in 1247, by Simon Fitzmary; in
1330 this establishment had acquired the designation of a hospital ; 1403
is the earliest record, however, of lunatics being confined therein. In
1546 it was purchased by the City corporation, and founded under its
present arrangements, which were confirmed by Act of Parliament, 1782.
The present building was opened in 1815, after designs by Lewis; its
total cost was ^£122,500. 'ITie wings are appropriated to criminal luna-
tics, whose support is paid for by Government, and a grant of ^625,144
was voted towards the building in 1820.
^ An author, recently visiting the hospital, writes : " The way in which
the comfort of the patients is studied by every person connected with the
hospital, cannot be too highly commended. The women have pianos,
and the men bagatelle-tables, &c. There art, indeed, few things to re-
mind you that you are in a mad-house, beyond the bone-knives in use,
and a few cells lined and floored with cork and India-rubber." The im-
provement in the system pursued at Bethlem, commenced 1816. Admis-
sion days, to view the hospital, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and
Fridays, by a Governor's order. Until the end of last century, Bethlem
formed a public exhibition, and a common promenade, like the middle
aisle of old Saint Paul's.
63
ST. LCKE's LUNATIC .^pttiKl J^lir^IIlSrS. HOSPITAL, A.D. 1751
The committee meet every Friday, to take in and dis-
charge patients from all parts of the United Kingdom,
without expense to their friends. The number of patients
admitted during a year generally averages 330, and the
number of inmates at one time 400 ; of these one half are now
reported as " curable" ; 76 " incurable", and the remainder
are criminals confined during Her Majesty's pleasure. The
number of patients discharged "cured" in the past year
was 167 ; and "incurable", 125. The annual income is at
present between ^15,000 and X16,000, two-thirds of which
arises from rents, the other third from dividends ; applicable
to general objects, with the exception of the bequests under
the will of Mr. Barkham (1733), devoted exclusively to the
maintenance and care of " incurable" patients.^ This is one
of the five royal hospitals ; is united to that of Bridewell,
and conducted by the same Governors.
President, Sir Peter Laurie. — Treasurer, John E. Johnson,
Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. J. Garrett, B.D. — Physicians: E. T. Monro,
M.D., and Sir Alexander Morison, M.D. — Surgeon, W. Law-
rence, Esq. — Clerk, B. Welton, Esq. — Apothecary and Superin-
tendent, William Wood, Esq. — Steward, Mr. N. Nicholls. —
Matron, Mrs. H. Hunter.
ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL FOR LUNATICS, Old-
street. Instituted 1751.2 No person is knowingly received
as a patient into this Hospital, who is in possession of means
for decent support in a private asylum ; or who has been a
lunatic more than twelve calendar months ; or discharged
uncured from any other hospital for the reception of lunatics ;
troubled with epileptic or convulsive fits ; paralytic ; or
otherwise disqualified, as described in the above stipulations
for inmates to Bethlehem.
When the certificates have been signed and attested, the
petition must be recommended by a Governor, and, with the
certificates, left with the secretary, at the Hospital. The
Committee meet every Friday morning at 11 o'clock. The
qualifications for a Governor axe the payment of 30 gui-
1 In 436 Unions of England and Wales, the number of pauper luna-
tics deemed incurable is stated at 3,841 ; of pauper idiots, 5,259 — of -n-hom
2,602 have been so from birth. — Haydn.
^ Founded at a time when Old Bethlehem Hospital was crowded and
required extension, for the reception of such as were unable to obtain
admission there.
54
HANWELL LUNATIC Hftol CjlflritiM flU ASYLUM, A.D. 1831
neas, or 7 guineas annually for five years. The annual in-
come averages from ^8,000 to £9,000, derivable from pre-
sent donations and bequests, together with dividends from
past amounts invested in the funds, amounting to nearly
j£l 70,000. Pauper lunatics are received on payment of £4
with each, and incurable patients re-admitted under certain
conditions, and payment of 7s. per week. There is accom-
modation for as many as 260 inmates. The number is gene-
rally above 200 ; of whom, at the present time, 101 are
incurable lunatics.
President, the Duke of Cambridge. — Treasurer, Henry Francis
ShawLefevre, Esq. — Consulting Physician, Alexander R. Suther-
land, Esq., M.D. — Physicians: Alexander John Sutherland, M.D.;
Francis Richard Phelp, Esq., M.D. — Surgeon, James Luke, Esq. —
Resident Medical Superintendent, Joseph Nash, Esq. — Chaplain,
Rev. R. L. Hill, M.A. — Secretary, George Mence, Esq., 5, BiUiter-
atreet. City. — Steward and Matron, Mr. and Mrs. Walker.
LUNATIC ASYLUM FOR THE COUNTY OF
Middlesex, Hanwell.^ Established 1831. This asylum was
erected, and is maintained, under the provisions of the
statute of 9 George IV, cap. 40, from funds provided by the
magistrates out of the county rate, and a weekly charge
upon several parishes for the maintenance of their respect-
ive inmates. The building was commenced in 1828 ; and
by the sums expended up to 1831, amounting to £124,440,
accommodation was obtained for 600 patients. By the sums
since expended, amounting to upwards of .£42,000, addi-
tional room has been provided for 384 more patients, so that
the number of beds may now (1850) be reckoned, in the
women's ward 570, and in the men's ward 424 ; the weekly
cost of maintenance for each patient was, last year, 8s. 9d.
Too much praise cannot be given to the officers and visiting
justices for the humane and enlightened system of manage-
ment pursued in this establishment. Mechanical restraints
are entirely abandoned, and watchfulness, kindness, and
forbearance substituted. The happy effects may be daily
witnessed by a visit to the asylum, where may be seen
^ About nine miles from London, on the left of the Great Western
Railway. It fonns a most attractive object to the traveller, and a com-
plete view of it is afforded. The building itself occupies nearly four acres
of ground; the airing grounds and courts, nineteen acres; and the farm,
orchard, garden, and shrubbery, fifty-three acres.
55
HANWELL LUNATIC |)|irriill ^^IlfpSrS. ASYLUM, A.D. 1831
nearly 1,000 lunatics, either occupied in household or agri-
cultural pursuits, or peacefully amusing themselves in the
delightful grounds of the asylum. The care and manage-
ment of this noble institution is entrusted by Act of Par-
liament to fifteen magistrates, appointed annually at the
January Sessions, termed the Visiting Justices of the
County Lunatic Asylum at Hanwell. Some idea of the
extent^ of the establishment may be inferred from the re-
quisite staff and number of attendants ; there are 104 ser-
vants and 20 officers, whose aggregate wages and salaries
amount to ^5,192 annually. The principal officers are —
Resident Physician, Dr. J. ConoUy.— House Surgeons : (Male
side) Dr. Begley; (Female side) Dr. Hitehman. — Matron, Mrs.
Macfie." — Clerk of the Asylum, Mr. J. Morrison. — Clerk to the
Visitors, Mr Charles Wright. — Storekeeper, Mr. Edward Clift.
For the relief of the destitute insane, on their discharge
from the asylum, is the Queen Adelaide Fund.
The benevolent minds which planned and primarily su-
perintended the management of the Hanwell Asylum soon
found their work to be incomplete. It is true that the pa-
tients in this establishment are paupers ; but it is also true,
that in a vast number of cases their pauperism has been the
sad consequence of their malady ; that the first symptoms
of returning reason have been accompanied by the first
knowledge of their destitute state, and its full restoration
by their first entrance into the parish workhouse. It was
considered absolutely necessary to establish a permanent
fund (similar to the Samaritan funds attached to other hos-
pitals) for the relief of patients of this class when discharged
from the asylum. The respected chairman of the visiting
justices (the late Colonel Clitherow, whose delight was in
the exercise of benevolence and the promotion of the best
interests of humanity), availing himself of an opportunity
of communicating with Queen Adelaide in the year 1834,
obtained Her Majesty's most gracious consent to be the
patron of the charity, and authorized him to style it the
^ A second Asylum is now in course of building, and near completion,
for the pauper lunatics of Middlesex, at Colney Hatch, by which means
a classification of the inmates, long in anticipation, is hoped to be carried
out, to a very desirable extent and successful issue, and the county re-
lieved the increased amount hitherto paid for the thousand lunatics and
idiots in private asylums.
56
ASYLUM FOR Brbltal CjiaritlM for idiots, A.D. 1847
Queen Adelaide Fund. Since the death of Colonel Clithe-
row the funds have been greatly augmented by the exertions
of the treasurer, Mr. Serjeant Adams, Henry Pownall, Esq.,
and other magistrates. By the last published account, it
appears there were ^5,300, Three per Cent. Consols, stand-
ing in the names of Henry Pownall, Esq. ; E. Halswell,
Esq. ; J. Adams, Serjeant-at-law ; W. B. France, Esq. ; and
John Wilks, Esq. : since this was published the fund has
been augmented by a munificent bequest from the late Miss
Phillipps, of Great Russell-street, of ,£2,136 5s. 2d., Three
per Cent. Annuities, and ,£5,644 17s. 2d., Three per Cent.
Consols, which sums have been transferred into the account
of the trustees by the Accountant-General of the Court of
Chancery.
ASYLUM FOR IDIOTS, Office, 29, Poultry. Insti-
tuted 1847. For the maintenance, education, and general
treatment of idiots, either upon payment of a moderate
amount, or upon election by the subscribers at the half-yearly
ballots. Candidates for election must neither be pauper,
nor payment cases.
Age unlimited ; but childhood and infancy considered
most favourable for treatment, and the usual limit for con-
tinuance is five years.
TTie Asylum, Park House, Highgate, is well adapted for
its purpose, and most healthily situated : the present number
of its inmates is 60 ; its first report (an admirable exposition,
both of object and operations) presents a gratifying detail of
the progress already made ; and it may be safely asserted
from what is there furnished, that seldom has an infant cha-
rity achieved more, a committee undertaken greater responsi-
bilities, or the public sympathy and support been more cor-
dially afforded. The benefits of the charity,without doubt, will
extend far beyond the sphere of its own exertions ; and, as
a model institution, it will exercise immense influence in
favour of the hitherto too often scorned idiot. We cannot
do better than recommend a perusal of the report referred
to. The motto the institution has adopted is sufficient to
' It may not be amiss to recount here the particulars of the following
society, which, except as a note, would be out of place, and elsewhere
would be less applicable.
THE ALLEGED LUNATICS FRIEND SOCIETY, 44, Cra-
ven-street, Strand. Established 1815. Formed for the protection of
57
Ijttrial ^nrpSM. nurses and sisters.
claim coDsideration for it — " We plead for those who cannot
plead for themselves."
The exact extent of public support or general idea of
annual expense cannot be given, no cash statement being
yet published. 10s. 6d. annual, or 5 guineas donation, con-
stitutes a Governor, who is entitled to one vote at all elec-
tions.
Presidents : Lord Palmerston, and others. — Treasurer, Martin
Tucker Smith, Esq., M.P. — Secretaries: James HoUoway, D.D.;
Andrew Reed, D.D. — ^Physicians: John ConoUy, M.D.; WiUiam
Little, M.D. — burgeon, Thomas Callaway, Esq.— Surgeon-Dentist,
Edwin Saunders, Esq. — Resident Physician and Superintendent,
R. C. Foreman, M.D. — Bankers, Smith, Payne, and Smiths. —
Sub-Secretary, Mr. William Nicholas, Office, 29, Poidtry.
Sisters and Curses for medical hospitals. The two fol-
lowing institutions are for a purpose so intimately con-
nected with an important feature in hospital arrangements
— that of efficient attendance and careful nursing — that we
are induced to include them in the present chapter.
Judging by our larger hospitals, the plan pursued is, that
each ward is presided over by a " Sister". In St. Bartho-
lomew's there are 29 such, and one for the superintendence
of the casualty patients. They are selected generally from
amongst the most active of the nurses, preference being
given to such as have received some education, and are of
superior character. Their remuneration appears to vary
from 14s. to 20s., or, in some few cases, SOs.a-week ; and
their duties comprehend the carrying into effect the medi-
cal instructions, administering the medicines, reporting
change of symptoms in patients, ordering their diet, and
general superintendence of the ward. Each "sister" has
the British subject from unjust confinement, on the grounds of mental
derangement, and for the redress of persons so confined ; also for the pro-
tection of all persons confined as lunatic patients from cruel and improper
treatment. The society receives applications from persons complaining
of being unjustly treated, or from their friends, aids them in obtaining
legal advice, and otherwise assists and affords them all proper protection.
Attendance at the ofSce daily, from ten till four. Five guineas at one
payment, constitutes a Governor for life ; and ten shillings annually, a
yearly Governor.
Honorary Secretary, John T. Perceval. — Honorary Solicitor, G.
Bolden. — Assistant Secretary, W. Bailey.
58
TEAINING INSTS- 3JlBtosl CljiiritirS for for nurses, 1840
either two or three nurses under her, according to the size
of the ward. In St. Bartholomew's there are 76 nurses in
all ; their duties comprise the usual matters of general
service in attending on the patients, and their pay averages
6s. or 7s. per week, with part maintenance.
This brief sketch will sufficiently preface the class of
persons for whom the following institutions are designed
to supply training : —
THE INSTITUTION OF NURSING SISTERS,
16, Broad-street-buildings, Bishopsgate. Established 1840.
Applications will be received from widows or unmarried
persons, from the age of 28 to 40, whose character will bear
the strictest investigation, and who are willing to devote
themselves to nursing the sick, or those suffering under
mental affliction ; and it is the object of this institution to
train such persons for a certain time in one of the hospitals,
and otherwise so qualify them for their vocation, as to re-
commend them when wanted either by those who can pay
for their services, or others to whom their assistance must
be afforded as charity. After thorough training, the nurses
are admitted as sisters, at an annual stipend of £20 ; after
three years raised to ^23 ; they are maintained at the
home during the intervals of their engagements, and em-
ploy their time in visiting the poor of its vicinity.
About 28 nurses are employed ; and during the past three
years 366 cases of sickness have been attended ; 30 gra-
tuitously, 90 partly so, and the remainder benefiting the
institution.
President, Lady Inglis. — ^Treasurer, Mrs. Samuel Gumey, jun.
— 'Honorary Secretary, Miss Wilson. — Secretary, Miss Gumey.
TRAINING INSTITUTION FOR NURSES for
Hospitals, Families, and the Poor, St. John's House, 34,
Fitzroy-square. Under this title, and for these objects,
the foundation for an institution was laid at a public meet-
ing on the 1st of July, 1848, presided over by the Duke of
Cambridge, and advocated by the Bishops of London, Salis-
bury, Lichfield, (fee. Since then, the " Council," comprising
the Bishop of Lichfield, two noble earls, and twenty other
gentlemen, have issued their prospectus, which assumes for
the proposed establishment somewhat of a character akin to
59
TRAINING INSTS- ^^ppriul |,)lirp!5JS. FOR NURSES, 1848
the monasteries of olden time, as in addition to the object of
providing good nurses, improving their qualifications, and
systematically training them, professionally and religiously,
for their future sphere of action, we have the following, to
which we merely premise, that after details provide that^
the "engagement" of the "sisters" shall upon their part be
for two years only, but renewable from time to time.
" With a view to the better securing of these results, it
has been thought advisable to oiFer in this institution a
legitimate field of labour for ladies, who, being sufficiently
disengaged from more urgent claims of natural and social
duty, and desirous of finding the most satisfactory employ-
ment for the time and talents which God has given them,
may, without regard to worldly motives, be inclined to de-
vote themselves to a work of Christian love, such as this is,
and capable, as it is, of being combined with other suitable
and congenial exercises of piety and charity.
" It is believed that there will not be found wanting in
our church, devout women, of high and holy aspirations,
ready to embrace and hold fast an opportunity like this,
of imitating the example of their divine Lord and Master,
by endeavouring to do the work of Him who first loved us,
and from whom, and through whom, and by whom, are all
things."
There can be no doubt the institution will be conducted
upon really Christian and Church principles, so long as Dr.
Bloomfield remains bishop of our diocese, or president of the
institution ; but who can tell the germ of future evil herein
contained, if this scheme obtains as its promoters and direc-
tors those who may be desirous of engrafting upon it por-
tions of an exploded and signally erroneous system ? The
objects comprehended in the title are unexceptionable
enough ; and the only regret is, their appearing to be subor-
dinate to what is not expressed.
The establishment is now, we are informed, " suitably
fitted and furnished, and the following members have been
admitted : — One lady superintendent, three sisters, two pro-
bationers, seven nurses, also a master (a clergyman)," and
its designation is " St. John's House." It is contemplated
by the council that the whole annual amount of contribu-
tions required from the benevolent is ^400, as each sister is
required to pay ^50 per annum for her own maintenance.
TRAINING INSTS- 3Hrtoal €|jaritit3. FOR NURSES, 1848
The " probationers" are the nurses on trial and in training,
and it is for these principally that contributions are solicited.
One guinea annual, or 5 guineas at one time, constitutes
the privilege of recommending candidates for such position ;
^ 3 guineas annual, or 30 guineas at one time, constitutes a
governor ; entitled to nominate one probationer.
Master, Rev. F. W. Twist, M.A.
61
QEJ^ERAL MMui Ctjaritigg. dispensaries.
CHAPTER III.
CHARITIES FOR AFFORDING MEDICAL
TREATMENT AND RELIEF (continued).
Dispensaries for general purposes : — General remarks. — Central
districts. — Northern districts. — Southern districts, — Eastern districts.
— Western districts. — Homoeopathic.
The establishment of Dispensaries for the medical relief of
the poor, either on application or at their own homes, is
peculiarly adapted to our crowded localities ; and their ope-
rations, both by their extent and efficiency, effect a large
amount of benefit, and prove a valuable auxiliary to the
means of the General Hospitals.
The first established in London appears to have been that
now known as the " Royal Dispensary," in Aldersgate-street,
1770, so that the system is but a recent one. That it works
weU, and is greatly on the increase, may fairly be inferred
from the following summary ; and, beyond the extract given
below from Bishop Butler ,i and the strong evidence in favour
of their continued extension adduced by the Report of" the
Sanitary Commission, little can remain to preface the ac-
count of those now existing in our metropolis.
^ " Medicine, and every other relief, under the calamity of bodily dis-
eases, no less than the daily necessaries of life, are natural provisions
which God has made for our present indigent state, and which He has
granted in common to the children of men, whether they be rich or poor :
to the rich, by inheritance or acquisition ; and by their hands, to the dis-
abled poor. Nor can there be any doubt that Public Dispensaries are
the most effectual means of administering such relief." — Bishop Butler.
" In addition to our former recommendations we recommend that pre-
62
MARTLEBONE GENERAL 3HBWrfll DISPENSARY, A.D. l786
In taking a comparative view of the number of patients
treated by Dispensaries as a whole, it must not be lost sight
of, that, although they bear so slight a proportion to what
is effected by the larger Hospitals, yet the peculiarity of
operations, and the economy of their cost, enhance their
benefits — being spread over the whole of London, and
offering relief to the sick poor, as it were, at their own doors,
in however remote localities they may reside.
The number supported in London at the end of 1849, in
any way partaking of a public character, may thus be briefly
summed up : — 8 central, 4 northern, 3 southern, 12 eastern,
8 western. — 35.
13 founded from 1770 to 1799 ; 6 from 1800 to 1829 ;
and 16 from 1830 to 1850.— 35.
Total General Dispensaries in London . 35
Affording medical aid throughout London
annually to as many patients as . 140,869
The annual incomes amount ^ to . . £14,424
Of which amount voluntary contributions
comprise ..... 11,470
The remainder arises from dividends, etc. (in
a few cases by members' payments).
The number of Homoeopathic Dispensaries
not included in the above is . . 4
ST. MARY-LE-BONE GENERAL DISPENSARY,
11, Welbeck-street. Instituted 1785. Open daily at half-
past eleven o'clock, for patients bringing recommendations,
irrespective of district of residence. 2142 cases were treated
last year, of whom 163 were midwifery patients.
One guinea annual, or 10 guineas at one time, constitutes
a Governor, entitled to have one medical or surgical patient
constantly on the books, and one midwifery patient annually.
paration be made for what appears to us to be one of the most important
measures of alleviation, — the establishmeut of local dispensaries, where
persons afl'ected with the first stage of the disease, as manifested by the
premonitory symptoms, may be immediately placed under the proper
treatment for arresting the further progress of the malady." — Second
Report of the Metropolitan Sanitary Commissioners.
^ To be exact, it is as well to state, that in 3 or 4 instances, the requi-
site information having been withheld, the average has been necessarily
taken, based upon contingent circumstances. With this reservation, the
above summary is compiled from positive data.
63
PROVIDENT, A.l). 1834. SiS^nSHriBS. BLOOMSBUBY, A.D. 1801
The cash statement shows an excess of expenditure over
receipts. The latter amounts to above £500 per annum
however, and arises, all but £50, from subscriptions and
donations.
President, the Duke of Portland. — Treasurers: E. S. Bailey,
Esq.; George Pitt, Esq. — Physicians: C. J. Hare, M.D.; William
Francis Chorley, M.D. — Physician-Accoucheur, Henry Davies,
M.D. — Surgeons: C. Beevor, Esq.; H. B. Norman, Esq. — Apothe-
cary, Mr. Bertie Pardoe Matthews. — Cupper, Mr. Betts. — Secre-
tary, Mr. Matthews, 15, High-street, St. Marylebone. — Collector,
Mr. W. Price, 6, AUsop-place, Upper Baker-street.
ST. MA R Y-LE-BONEPRO VIDENT DISPENSA R Y,
6, Charlotte-street, Portland-place. Established 1834. Dif-
fers from the ordinary dispensaries in this respect, that its
intention is to enable individuals of small income, by their
own payments, to ensure efficient medical advice and medi-
cines during illness. Every member above fourteen years
of age paying one penny, and under that age one half-penny
a-week, except in a family with more than two children,
when one penny a-week is considered sufficient for all
under fourteen years of age ; female servants paying five
shillings a-year, and male servants seven shillings, in not
less than half-yearly payments, are entitled to its benefits.
Persons wishing to become members must apply to the
Secretary, who wiU enter the name, age, residence, and occu-
pation ; the application will then be taken into consideration
by the house- visitor, and if found eligible, the applicant will
be admitted, and receive a ticket on paying one month's
subscription. The last report states that " the members have
increased, during the last year, from 632 to 792, and that
there has been a total number of patients under treatment
of 2,407." The amount of members' payments was £\ 14,
and the amount of voluntary contributions i/'91.
Donors of 10 guineas at one time, or annual subscribers
of 1 guinea, are Governors, and may recommend two patients
in the course of the year, who are unable to contribute
themselves.
President, Bishop of London. — Treasurer, Douglass Finney,
Esq. — Honorary Secretary, J. Roberts, Esq., 23, Edward-street,
Langham-place. — Bankers, Sir Samuel Scott, Bart., and Co. —
Consulting Physician, Dr. George Burrows. — Consulting Surgeons:
Alexander Shaw, Esq. ; Frederick C. Skey, Esq. — Consulting
Accoucheur, Joseph Chohnondeley, Esq. — Medical Officers in
64
BLOOMSBURT, A.D. 1801 3HjilitHl ST. GEORGe's, A.D. 1817
Ordinary: Alfred Elkins, Esq.; John Gay leard, Esq. — Dispenser,
Mr. J. McKechnie. — Collector, Mr. H. R. Arthur, 16, Notting-
ham-street.
BLOOMSBURT DISPENSARY, 62, Great RusseU-
street. Instituted 1801. Open for the relief of patients,
every day, Sundays excepted, at twelve o'clock. In cases of
emergency, persons are permitted to apply for relief without
a letter of recommendation ; but they are required to bring
one upon their second attendance. For each guinea annu-
ally, the subscriber is entitled to have one patient constantly
on the books. During the past year, 3,408 patients were at-
tended to, and variously relieved, 593 of whom remain under
treatment. The funds are half dependant on voluntary aid.
The annual expenditure, from the last statement, appears
to be ^700, and the cash funded, J7100.
President, the Duke of Bedford. — Treasurers: Andrew Spot-
tiswoode, Esq. ; E. Hawkins, Esq. — Physician, Dr. Rowland. —
Surgeon, G. L. Cooper, Esq. — Resident Medical Officer, Mr. W.
W. Lloyd. — Secretary, Mr. George Stone. — Collector, Mr. Bloxam.
ST. GEORGE'S AND ST. JAMES'S GENERAL
DISPENSARY, 60, King-street. Established 1817. Con-
sists of two branches, the second being lately opened for the
northern districts, at 3, Chapel-place-north, South Audley-
street. During the past year, 3,598 patients were cured or
relieved, besides 211 midwifery cases, and 26 under attend-
ance. The expenditure is from £600 to £700 per annum ;
but, judging from last year's statement, is not covered by
the receipts, which wholly depend on voluntary contributions.
Subscribers of 1 guinea annually, or 10 guineas at one
payment, are entitled to recommend one lying-in woman in
the year, and one other patient at a time.
A Samaritan Fund is attached to the Dispensary, for the
purpose of supplying "ventilators" to the poor ; also flannel,
soup, milk, etc., to those in distress.
President, Duke of Norfolk. — Treasurers: George Gregory,
M.D. ; William Yool, Esq. — Consulting Physician: John Web-
ster, M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, John Bacot, Esq. — Physicians :
Frederick Weber, M.D. ; Richard Quain, M.D. —Physician-Ac-
coucheurs: Sir James Eyre, M.D. : C. Blakely Brown, M.D. —
Surgeons: Joseph Toynbee, Esq.,. Hon. Sec. to the Samaritan
Fund ; George Augustus Davis, Esq. — Honorary Cupper, John
Watkins, Esq. — Honorary Dentist, Thomas Underwood, Esq. —
65 ___^
BLENHEIM-ST.A.D.1834 DiSpJUHflrffS. BISHOP's-CT- A.D. 1782
Resident Medical Officer, Mr. Edward Henry Malton. — Secretary,
Mr. J. H. York ; and Collector, Mr. J. York, 16, Marshall-street,
Golden-square.
BLENHEIM STREET FREE DISPENSAR Y AND
INFIRMARY, 1, Blenheim-street, Oxford-street, near the
Pantheon. Established 1834. All applicants, without the
necessity of obtaining letters of admission, are here attended
to, and efficient relief granted. During the last fifteen
months, upwards of 6,000 patients have been relieved -, but
the funds of the institution are represented as no longer
able to maintain so extensive a sphere of usefulness, unless
increased.
Physicians : Dr. Burslem ; Dr. Markham ; Dr. Downing. —
Consulting Surgeon, J. G. Guthrie, Esq. — Surgeons : H. J. San-
derson, T. M. Girdlestone, J. B. Carlill, Esqrs. — Physician-Ac-
coucheur, Dr. Charles James Cox. — Surgeon-Accoucheur, G. F.
Whidbome, Esq. — Surgeon Dentist, J. Drew, Esq. — Cuppers,
Messrs. Betts and Son. — Treasurer, Sir Walter Farquhar, Bart. —
Bankers, Messrs. Herries, Farquhar, and Co. — Sub-Treasurer,
H. J. Sanderson, Esq.— Honorary Secretary, N. Bennett, Esq.,
7, Fumival's-inn.
PUBLIC DISPENSARY for theRdiefof the Sick Poor,
Bishop's-court, Lincoln's-inn. Instituted 1782. Patients
from any quarter are received. Those residing in the adja-
cent parishes are attended at their own habitations when re-
quisite. Total number of patients admitted from 1782 is
210,255 ; of these, 42,250 were visited at their own homes.
The present annual number of patients is above 6,000, having
greatly increased the last few years ; and the funds of the
dispensary are represented as necessarily seriously affected.
6577 patients were relieved last year ; of whom, 1,184 were
visited at their own homes.
This is one of the oldest established dispensaries in Lon-
don, and, together with the next mentioned, forms a valua,-
ble adjunct to King's College Hospital.
One guinea annually, or 10 guineas at one payment, con-
stitutes a Governor, entitled to recommend fifteen patients
in each year.
President, the Duke of Cambridge. — Treasurer, Richard Twin-
ing, Esq. — Consulting Physicians : H. S. Roots, M.D. ; Thomas
Waterfield, M.D. — Physicians : George Johnson, M.D. ; Allen
Williams, M.D. — Surgeon, Arsten Holthouse, Esq. — Apothecary,
5
66
METROl'OLITAN, A.D. 183'0 jHlilirEl ST. PANCKAS, A.D. 1837
Mr. W. Fullford. —Secretary, Mr. J. S. Phillips, 5, Bishop's-
court. — Collector, Mr. Paradice, 47, Princes-road, Kennington.
METROPOLITAN FREE HOSPITAL, 29, Carey-
street, Lincoln's-inn-fields ; and Branch Establishment, De-
vonshire-square, City. Instituted 1836. Althoiigh termed
an Hospital, is in effect and operations a Dispensary, for the
gratuitous relief of the sick poor, and is the second in extent
of operations in London. It affords medical and surgical
aid, with medicines, to every afflicted applicant, daily, with-
out any other recommendation than their own diseased and
destitute condition. 10,063 out-patients have been relieved
during the past year, making a total of 100,800 since the
opening of the hospital. The expenses are between £500
and £600 per annum, and barely defrayed by the receipts,
which consist entirely of voluntary contributions.
One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes
a Governor.
Patrons: The Prince Albert, and the Duke of Cambridge. —
Physicians : Frederic Bird, Esq., M.D. ; C. J. B. Aldis, Esq.,
M.D. ; G. F. D. Evans, Esq., M.D.— Surgeons : E. J. Chance,
Esq.; J. U. Easson, Esq.; G. Brooke, Esq. — Dentist, S. Ghrimes,
Esq. — Cupper, J. Atkinson. — Dispenser, Mr. E. Johnson. — Col-
lector, Mr. G. StancliflF, 35, Havering-street, Commercial-road. —
Bankers, Messrs. Barnett, Hoare, and Co. — Treasurer, John
Gumey Hoare, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, E. J. Chance, Esq.,
69, Old Broad-street, City.
8T. PANCRAS ROYAL GENERAL DISPENSARY,
26, Burton-crescent. Instituted 1837. A physician is in
attendance at twelve o'clock each day, except Wednesday
and Saturday, and on those days a surgeon. Patients are
likewise attended at their own homes. Emergent cases do
not require a recommendation the first time. The number
of patients under treatment during last year was 2336 ; of
whom, 1,779 were recovered, 185 relieved, and 232 continu-
ing in attendance. The necessary expenditure varies from
j£300 to £360 annually, and is generally covered by the re-
ceipts, which depend, however, all but £30, on voluntary
contributions.
One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes
a Governor, with one vote at all elections, and power to re-
commend ten sick cases and one midwifery annually.
President, the Duke of Cambridge. — Treasurer, R. S. Cox,
67
NORTHERN, A.D. 1810 f)iS|IPII5ilriBS. CAMDEN TOWN, A.I).1848
Esq. — Honorary Secretary, T. E. Baker, Esq., 51, Burton-crescent.
Consulting Physicians: Henry Alfred Pitman, M.D. ; Charles
Collier, M.D.— Physicians : C. H. F. Routh, M.D. ; Tlobert Taylor,
Esq. — Consulting Physician- Accoucheur, Henry Davies, M.D. —
Surgeon-Accoucheur, Robert Greenhalgh, Esq. — Consulting Sur-
geon, Bransby B. Cooper, Esq. — Surgeon, H. Haynes Walton,
Esq. — Cuppers, Messrs. Ford and Jones. — Resident Medical
Officer, Mr. John R. Diamond. — Collector, Mr. John JefFery, 3,
Foundling-terrace .
NORTHERN DISPENSARY, 9, Somers-place West,
near St. Pancras Church. Instituted 1810. 1,269 patients
have been treated during the year, 1,132 of whom are re-
ported as cured, 56 relieved, and 26 died. The expenses
for last year were .£260, defrayed entirely by voluntary con-
tributions. Annual subscribers are entitled to the admis-
sion of one patient for every guinea subscribed. Mechanics
and workmen subscribing five shillings annually, are allowed
the benefits of the Dispensary for their families.
President, Marquis Camden. — Treasurer, John Salt, Esq. —
Hon. Secretary, John Casley, Esq., 31, Guilford-street. — Trustees :
WiUiam Horton Lloyd, James Bird, George Phillips Foster
Gregory, Esqrs. — Physicians : F. R. Manson, M.D.; E. Sieveking,
M.D. — Consulting Physician, Peter M. Roget, M.D. — Surgeons :
John Bishop, Esq. ; Frederick Davies, Esq. — Resident Medical
Officer, W. B. Dolton, Esq. — Cupper and Dentist, Mr. Hewett. —
Collector, Mr. R. Watkins, 19, Clarence-road, Kentish Town.
CAMDEN TOWN DISPENSARY for the Rdief of
the Sick Poor, 8, Pratt-street. Established 1848. Has only
lately opened. The necessary expenditure, it is anticipated,
will average from £150 to 200 per annum.
One guinea annual, or ten guineas at one time, entitles to
vote and six letters of recommendation for patients.
President, Rev. Thomas Dale, M.A. — Treasurer, William Col-
lisson, Esq. — Secretary, N. Bailey, Esq., 5, Camden-street. —
Consulting Physicians: Dr. AVilton ; Dr. Davis. — Consulting
Surgeon, William Ferguson, Esq. — Surgeon in Ordinary, George
Bermingham, Esq. — Collector, Mr. Taylor, 37, College-st. West.
ISLINGTON DISPENSARY, Upper-street. Insti-
tuted 1821. All persons paying one guinea or more annu-
ally, are Governors, with the right of having one patient
upon the books at a time, for each guinea subscribed. The
number of patients under treatment last year was 4,618,
and the number on the books at a time about 600 or 700.
HOLLOWAT, A.D. 1840 BlBtoul ST. JOHN's WOOD,A.D. 1845
President, Rev. Daniel Wilson, A.M., Vicar. — Treasurer,
Richard Percival, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Bredy. — Apothecary, Mr.
John Bragge.
HOLLOWAT AND NORTH ISLINGTON Dis-
pensary and Convalescent Fund, Francis-place, HoUoway.
Established 1840. There are three dispensing houses —
viz., at Francis-place, Lower HoUoway ; Elizabeth-place,
Upper HoUoway ; and Park-place, Highbury Vale. Medical
relief is afforded to aU applicants, without regard to place
of abode, and medical attendance to such as reside within
the districts of the Chapel of Ease, St. James', St. John's,
and Highbury.
The Convalescent Fund is supported by a separate sub-
scription of 5s. and upwards, for the purpose of supplying
proper food and nourishment to those requiring it, accord-
ing to the opinion of the medical man attending, and of the
Committee disbursing the fund.
The number of patients cured or relieved during the
past year was 3,837, remaining under treatment, 424 ; total
number relieved since its establishment, 20,176. The annual
receipts, judging from the last cash statement, amount to
upwards of <£400, arising from voluntary contributions ; but
this is barely sufficient to meet the necessary expenses.
One guinea annual, or ten guineas donation, constitutes
a Governor.
President, Lieut. -Col. Thomas Wood. — Treasurer, Samuel
Lewes, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, George Jeffkins, Esq., 10,
Loraine-place ; and of the Convalescent Fund, Samuel Lewis, Jun.,
Esq., 19, Compton-terrace. — Consulting Physicians : G. L. Roupell,
Esq., M.D.; Henry Jeaffreson, Esq., M.D. — Consulting Surgeon,
F. C. Skey, Esq. — Surgeons : T. W. Mann, Esq. ; C. Caswall, Esq. ;
Walter Gill, Esq. ; Thomas Graham, Esq. ; Edward Drewery, Esq.
— Dental Surgeon, W. A. N. Cattlin, Esq. — Resident Medical
Officer, B. Carrington, Esq., M.D. — Assist. Medical Officer, Mr. C.
J. Berry. — Collector, Mr.Tumer, 34, Victoria-road, HoUoway.
ST. JOHNS WOOD AND PORTLAND TOWN
Provident Dispensary, 98, St. John's Wood-terrace. Esta-
blished 1845. The funds of this institution consist of
payments of one penny a-week from reduced tradesmen,
mechanics, and servants, who are termed ordinary members,
and the contributions of 10s. Qd. annually, or 5 guineas
donation from honorary members and Governors ; the former
only are entitled to medical attendance and relief. The last
69
SURREY, A.D. 1777 liiSfirnSHritH. south LONDON, 1821
year's cash account presents a fair statement, of receipts cover-
ing expenditure, amounting to £237, two-thirds of which
consisted of volxmtary contributions. Number of members
enrolled since establishment, 1,136; present annual average
of cases of illness attended, 1,000, either at their homes or
at the Dispensary.
President, Colonel Eyre. — Honorary Secretary, C. Coupland,
Esq. — Treasurer, W. Collins, Esq. — Bankers, Sir Samuel Scott,
Bart., and Co. — Consulting Physician, Peter Nugent Kingston,
Esq. — Consulting Siu-geon, Henry James Johnson, Esq. — Sur-
geons : R. P. Bickerton, Esq. ; G. Murton Tracy, Esq. ; J. Bluett,
Esq. — Dispenser, Mr. J. M. Cansick.
SURREY DISPENSARY, -Great Dover-street, South-
wark. Instituted 1777. For attending lying-in women,
and administering advice and medicines to the necessitous
poor of the Borough of Southwark and places adjacent, at
the Dispensary or at their own habitations. 5,103 patients
have been relieved during the past year, 3,905 of whom were
cured, and 583 remain under cure. Total number of pa-
tients since the establishment, 253,689, nearly half of whom
have been attended at their own homes, and 1 in 7 were
midwifery cases. This is the oldest Dispensary but one in
London, and amongst the most liberally supported : its
annual income is £960, £700 of which arises from volun-
tary contributions. The last cash statement represents,
however, a necessity for selling £200 worth of stock to de-
fray an excess of expenditure. One guinea per annum en-
titles to have one patient always on the medical list, and
one lying-in patient in the year.
President, The Earl of Egremont. — Treasurer, Charles Allen
Young, Esq. — Physicians : Dr. C. J. Aldis ; Dr. Archibald Bor-
land: Dr. W. H. Willshire; Dr. Burslem. — Consulting Sur-
geons : George Pilcher, Esq. ; W. T. Dalby, Esq. ; J. C. Forster,
Esq. — Apothecary, Mr. Edward Marshall. — Secretary, Mr. Robert
Meggy, 33, Trinity-square — Collector, Mr. Benjamin Marsland.
ROYAL SOUTH LONDON DISPENSARY, St.
George's Cross (opposite Bethlem Hospital). Established
1821. For affording additional medical relief to the poor
of the south side of the Thames. Since its establishment
37,000 patients have been relieved ; the largest number in
one year being 4,904. The cash account appears satisfac-
tory : the amount of receipts is less than of the last men-
tioned, but covers the expenditure, which last year was £581.
70
EASTERN, A.D. 1782 3Krb[irHl QUEEN Adelaide's, 1849
One guinea annually, or ten guineas donation, constitutes
a Governor, entitled to have one patient constantly under
medical or chirurgical care, and a vote at all elections. The
Committee mieet on the first Tuesday in every month.
Treasurer, J. H. Capper, Esq. — Consulting Physicians : Dr.
Thomas Addison ; Dr. Clutterbuck ; Dr. Alexander Sutherland.
— Surgeons : F. C. Jones, Esq. ; T. C. Lewis, Esq. ; G. H. Wat-
son, Esq. — Apothecary, Mr. William Hentsch. — Bankers, ITie
Southwark Branch of London and Westminster.— Secretary, Mr.
James Hooker, Walcot Cottage, Lambeth. — Collector, Mr. George
Hentsch, 17, New Boswell-court, Lincoln's-inn.
THE ROYAL KENT DISPENSARY can scarcely be
considered within the range of London dispensaries, being
situated in the Broadway, Deptford ; moreover, to repeated
applications no report has been forwarded.
The House Surgeon is Mr. Thomas J. Ryder. — The Secretary,
Mr. Charles J. Carttar.
EASTERN DISPENSARY, Great Alie-street, Good-
man's Fields. Instituted 1782. Open daily for the recep-
tion of patients' recommendations, from nine to ten. A
Samaritan Fund is attached, available to such patients as
require it, for wine and other nourishment. A fund is now
being raised for the purchase of land, and future building
of a suitable establishment.
During the year ending March 1849, 3,005 patients have
been treated, of whom 2,660 are reported as cured or re-
lieved, and 231 were midwifery patients ; the number re-
maining under cure was 279 ; giving a total of 116,200
patients since its establishment. The expenditure averages
between £400 and £500 a-year, and the receipts, last year,
£479; half from dividends, the remainder from subscriptions.
One guinea annual, or ten guineas donation, constitutes
a Governor, entitled to have one patient on the list at a time,
and one midwifery patient annually.
President, the Duke of Wellington. — Treasurer, Benjamin Cot-
ton, Esq., Trinity House, Tower-hill. — Physician, William Munk,
M.D. — Physician Accoucheur, F. H. Ramsbotham, M.D. — Sur-
geon, Henry Reynolds, Esq. — Apothecary, Mr. J. Comley, at the
Dispensary. — Secretary, Mr. G. H. Simmonds, 7, Great Alie-st.
Collector, Mr. William Eddrup, at the Dispensary.
QUEEN ADELAIDE'S DISPENSARY for the Sick
Poor of BetliTial-green, 189, Church-street. Established 1849.
TOWER HASILETS', 1792. DiS^irnSHnES. <fc FOB CHILDREN, 1845
Perhaps no division of London presents a greater scope for
the exercise of benevolence than Bethnal Green and its sur-
rounding districts ; and, doubtless, the benefits of an efficient
Dispensary will be appreciated by its poorer inhabitants to
a much greater extent than would any other remedial mea-
sure ; one of the last acts of her lamented Majesty, Queen
Adelaide, was the gift of .£100 towards the objects contem-
plated by the promoters of this Dispensary, and, in con-
nexion with the parochial clergy ; it was fairly founded 23rd
November, 1849.
10s. 6d. annually, or five guineas at one time, constitutes a
Governor, entitled to six tickets recommending patients.
President, the Bishop of London. — Treasurer, Kobert Hanbury,
Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Hanburys, Taylor, and Lloyd. — Consult
ing Physician, Dr. A. Frampton, 29, New Broad-street. — Con
suiting Surgeon, James Luke, Esq., 39, Broad-street Buildings
— Honorary Secretaries : Rev. Thomas Peckston, M.A., andThoa
Snowdon Peckston, R.N., 1, Gloucester-terrace, Cambridge-heath
TOWER HAMLETS' DISPENSARY, 40, Commercial-
road-east. Instituted 1792. The dispensary is open daily at
twelve, for patients able to attend, on presenting a Gover-
nor's recommendation ; urgent cases relieved without. The
average number of patients annually relieved is about 2,000 ;
the number remaining under treatment, 230 ; and the total
number since the foundation, 71,802.
One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes
a Governor, entitled to recommend one midwifery patient
within the year, and have one other case always on the books.
President, The Earl of Glengall. — Treasurer, George Frederick
Young, Esq. — Consulting Physicians : Dr. Cobb ; Dr. C. J. Fox.
— Physician- Accoucheur, Dr. Ramsbotham. — Physician, Dr.
Munk. — Consulting Surgeon, John Adams, Esq. —r Surgeon,
Robert Wilson, Esq. — Resident and Visiting Surgeon, Vertue
Edwards, Esq. — Secretary and Sub-Treasurer, Mr. Thomas Stone,
6, Wellclose-square. — Collector, Mr. Cooke, 23, Prince's-square.
TOWER HAMLETS <& GENERAL DISPENSARY
for Children, 50, Worship-street, Shoreditch. Formed 1845;
since which, the printed statement issued by the Directors
states, 18,370 children have been under treatment ; and the
present daily average of patients, 90.
Treasurer, Robert Davies, Esq. — Surgeon, Mr. George A. Rees.
—Hon. Secretary, Mr. John Watson, 16, Worship-st., Finsbury.
72
THE LOXDON, A.D. 1777. 3llj&iral FOBE-STBEET, A.D. 1779
LONDON DISPENSARY, 2\, Vine-street, Spitalfields.
Instituted 1777. Patients from any distance, with a letter
of recommendation, will receive medicines, and the advice of
a physician or surgeon, as their cases may require. Indi-
gent persons, having suffered from accidents, are received
without any recommendation. All persons paying one guinea
or upwards annually, are Governors, with a right of having
one patient on the books at a time for each guinea subscribed.
Consulting Physician, Dr. F. Cobb.— Physicians : Dr. C. J. B.
Aldis ; Dr. P. Fraser. — Surgeon, Thomas Blizard Curling, Esq. —
Resident Apothecary, Mr. William Gayton. — Secretary, Mr. Tho-
mas Butts Tanqueray WiUaume. — Collector, Mr. J. Baker.
FINSBURT DISPENSARY, 16, Woodbridge-street,
Clerkenwell. Established 1780.1 Governors may have one
patient constantly on the books for every guinea annually
subscribed ; and life governors one for every donation of
10 guineas. Governors are allowed to recommend their
domestic servants as patients.
President, The Marquis of Northampton. — Treasurer, Richard
Martineau, Esq. — Trustees : Charles Biggs, Esq. ; Philip Bedwell,
Esq. ; R. Martineau, Esq. — Physicians : Dr. Thomson ; Dr. J,
W. Griffith. — Surgeon, J. T. Ware, Esq. — Resident Medical
Officer, Mr. Edmund Meek. — Secretary, Mr. R. Saywell. — ^Col-
lector, Mr. Thomas Eglington, Old Jewry.
METROPOLITAN DISPENSARY &CHARITABLE
Fund, 9, Fore-street, Cripplegate. Established 1779.2 For
the relief of the sick poor at their own habitations, by
providing medical and surgical advice, and affording pecu-
niary aid in cases of extreme distress, the value of the
same being enhanced by its being accompanied by the con-
solations of religion. There are nearly 10,000 cases an-
nually relieved by this charity medically, besides the pecu-
niary aid, and the maternity attendance afforded. One gui-
nea annual entitles to recommend one patient at a time,
and one vote at all elections.
The cash statement represents an income of about ,£500,
with the exception of £90 dividends, derivable from volun-
tary contributions. The requisite expenses, according to
present extent of usefulness, exceed this by about £100.
1 Founded originally in St. John's-square.
* This dispensary originally bore the title of " Charitable Fund and
Dispensary," and has successively been held at 5, Lilypot-lane ; 133,
London-wall ; and 13, Fore-street ; now, as above.
CITY OF LONDON, 1849. SiS^BHSHrtpS. ROYAL GENERAL, 1770
Patron, The Duke of Cambridge. — President and Treasurer,
Thomas Challis, Esq. — Physicians : Dr. Waller ; Dr. Crisp. — Sur-
geon, Luther Holden, Esq. — Resident Surgeon and Apothecary,
Mr. Southwood. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. Benjamin Smith,
London-wall. — Collector, Mr. D. Freeman, 41, Gee-street, Gos-
well-street.
THE CITY OF LONDON AND EAST LONDON
Dispensary and Benevolent Institution, 13, Wilson-street,
Finsbury-square. Founded 1849. For the purpose of af-
fording medical advice, medicines, and nourishment, to the
destitute sick poor, and in cases of urgent necessity small
pecuniary aid.
Having only just been matured, there is no extent of
operations to record. Contributors of 1 guinea annual, and
donors of 10 guineas at one time, will have the privilege of
keeping two patients on the books at a time. The commit-
tee meet every Wednesday at 1.
Treasurer, Charles Curling, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, George
Smith, Esq. — Physician, Henry Oldham, Esq., M.D. — Surgeons :
W. G. Carpenter, Esq. ; Henry Shaw, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs.
Barclay, Bevan, and Co. — Resident Apothecary, Mr. C. Law, Jvm.
CITY DISPENSARY, 76, Queen-street, Cheapside.
Instituted 1789. Open for the reception of recommenda-
tory letters, and the admission of patients, every day (Sun-
days excepted) at 11 o'clock. The physicians attend at
S\ every morning except Wednesday and Saturday, when
the surgeon attends at 1. The number of patients cured
or relieved during last year was 8,891, and 935 remained
under treatment. One guinea annual constitutes a governor,
with the privilege of having three patients on the books.
President, the Lord Mayor. — Treasurer, Thomson Hankey, Jun.,
Esq. — Physicians : W. Jones, M.D. ; E. Bentley, M.D. — Surgeon,
J. C. Taunton, Esq. — Apothecary, Mr. Middleton. — Secretary,
C. F. Robinson, Esq., 7, Queen-st. -place.
THE ROYAL GENERAL DISPENSARY, 36, Al-
dersgate-street. Instituted 1770. This institution is the
parent one of its kind.i Its objects are to aiFord medical
and surgical relief, gratuitously, to the sick poor, without
regard to their places of abode ; and to visit, at their own
^ Strenuously supported in its early struggles by Drs. Hulme (its first
physician) and Lettsom.
74
FAKRINGDON GENERAL 3llBMrill DISPENSARY, A.D. 1828
habitations, poor persons residing within the limits or
liberties of the city, who may not be able, from the nature
of their diseases, to attend at the dispensary house. The
last report represents the inadequacy of the funds for the
relief of applicants ; but the cash statement is not ap-
pended. The returns for 1849 show a total of 14,591 pa-
tients during the year, of whom 1,892 remained under treat-
ment : the annual average of patients is 12,000. Sub-
scribers of 1 guinea annually, or donors of 10 guineas at
one time, are entitled to have two patients constantly on the
books. The printed letters, for the recommendation of pa-
tients, may be had of the collector, and at the dispensary.
President, Lord Carrington. — Treasurer, Thrower Buckle Her-
ring, Esq., 40, Aldersgate-street. — Physicians : Dr. Yates (Con-
sulting), Dr. Lloyd, IJr. Goodfellow, Dr. Lewis, Dr. C. Brodie
Sewell (Assistant). — Surgeons : Samuel Solly, Esq. (Consulting),
Alfred Sniee, Esq. ; John James Pumell, Esq. ,• William Scovell
Savory, Esq. — Resident Apothecary, Mr. T. B. Stott, at the Dis-
pensary. — Secretary, John Wood, Esq., 8, Falcon-street, Alders-
gate-street. — Collector, Mr. George Mence, 5, Billiter-street.
FARRINGDON GENERAL DISPENSARY and
Lying-in Charity, 17, Bartlett's-buildings, Holborn. Es-
tablished 1828. The dispensary is open daily (Sundays
excepted) for patients and letters of recommendation, from
half-past 11 till 1 o'clock. Accidents, and cases of emer-
gency, are attended to at all hours. Patients residing
within a mile of the institution, who, from severe illness,
cannot attend, are visited at their homes. Patients who
are visited at home must send for their medicines at the
hours of 12 and 8. One guinea annually entitles to have
two patients on the books, and one vote at elections. The
annual average of cases relieved is above 4,000. The funds
are now in a more prosperous position than for some years
past, great exertions having been used last year to free them
from debt. The annual amount required is about £300,
.£220 of which is met by subscriptions and donations.
President, Lord Denman. — Treasurer, R. Williams, Esq., 44,
Ludgate-hill.- — Honorary Secretary, J. Galsworthy, Esq., 2, Char-
lotte-row, Mansion House. — Physicians : Dr. Tanner, Dr. Tilt,
Dr. Thos. Snow Beck. — Surgeons : John Chippendale, Esq.; W.
A. Hillman, Esq. — Surgeon- Accoucheur, S. Griffith, Esq., — Sur-
geon-Dentist, T. E. Eden, Esq. — Resident Medical Officer, Mr.
Lowne, at the Dispensary. — Collector, Mr. Coles, Church Porch,
Skinner-street.
WESTERN CITY, 1830 DlSptllSaiiCS. WESTERN GENERAL,1830
WESTERN CITY DISPENSARY, 18, Lincoln's-inn-
fields. Established 1830. The districts of this dispensary
extend from Temple-bar to Old Change and Lambeth-hill,
including the densely-populated parts from Holborn and
Newgate-street, to the river. The system pursued for the
relief of its patients is peculiar to itself, and economical in
the working, dispensing with either rent or salaries. Each
of the seven medical officers attends to the poor of his
own district, and the medicines prescribed are supplied
under contract by the Society's druggists at 2s. for each
patient, and 5s. each midwifery case, however long under
treatment. The dispensary thus relieves upwards of 2,000
cases annually, at a cost of £250.
One guinea annually constitutes a governor, who may
recommend 15 patients.
President, "VV. Thompson, Esq., Alderman, M. P.— Treasurer,
T. G. Conyers, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, J. M. Dale, Esq., 18,
Lincoln's-inn-fields. — Consulting Physician, Dr. Clutterbuck. —
Consulting Accoucheur, Dr. Ramsbottom. — Consulting Surgeon,
Fred. C. Skey. Esq. — Consulting Dentist, G. E. Alexander, Esq. —
Druggists : Mr. Nason ; Messrs. Orridge. — Midwives : Mrs. Paint-
ing ; Mrs. Clark. — Collector, Mr. J. H. Jewell, 22, Bride-lane,
Fleet-street.
WESTERN GENERAL DISPENSARY, Usson-groYO,
New-road. Instituted 1830. For the relief of the sick and
maimed poor of the north-western parts of St. Marylebone,
and the parish of Paddington, at their own habitations,
and at the dispensary, where beds are provided for the re-
ception of sufferers from severe accidents ; and to supply
poor women with attendance and necessary medicines
during their confinement at their own homes. Subscribers
are entitled to recommend six cases for every guinea sub-
scribed annually, or a donation of 10 guineas. Attendance
at the dispensary every morning at 1 o'clock ; patients who
require it are visited at their own houses if within one mile
of the institution. Admission as in-patients is granted only
in extreme cases, but this is not to a greater extent than 12
cases in the course of the year ; the annual average of pa-
tients under treatment is about 6,000.
The funds appear in a favourable state, and average, in
amount of income, ,£1,100, which arises wholly from volun-
tary contributions, and covers the expenses. The secretary
76
WESTERN, A. D. 1789. 3HEMr3;l WESTMINSTER, A.D. 1774
attends at the dispensary Monday, Wednesday, and Friday,
from 12 to 3.
President, Lord Portman. — Treasurer, Edgar Barker, Esq. —
Honorary Secretary, Frederick J. Prescott, Esq., 13, Oxford-ter-
race. — Consulting Physicians : Marshall Hall, M.D. ; Anthony
Todd Thompson, M.D. — Consulting Surgeons : Bransby B. Cooper,
Esq. ; F. Le Gros Clarke, Esq. — Physicians : Dr. W. Maclntyre ;
Dr. Markham ; Dr. Hennen ; Dr. Miller.— Physician- Accoucheur,
Dr. Henry Bennet. — Surgeons : A. Anderson, Esq. ; J. G. Forbes,
Esq. — Resident Surgeon and Apothecary, Mr. Thomas Palmer. —
Resident Assistant Surgeon and Apothecary, Mr. Joseph H. Bux-
ton. — Secretary, Mr. James Martin. — Collector, Mr. E. Herbert,
33, Lisson-grove North.
WESTERN DISPENSARY, Charles-street, Westmins-
ter. Instituted 1789. For gratuitously administering ad-
vice, medicines, and lor the delivery of needy lying-in
married women at their abodes, in the City of Westminster,
and other places adjacent.
6,762 Patients were cured or relieved, according to the
books of this institution, during the past year, of whom 416
were midwifery cases : the total of patients relieved since
its foundation is stated to be above 164,000, and the number
remaining under treatment at one time 325.
The funds appear to be weU supported, judging from the
receipts of last year, amounting to ^713 from contributions,
and £154 from dividends.
Open from 11 to 4 (Sundays excepted). Subscribers
entitled to have one patient constantly on the books, and
recommend two midwifery cases, for each guinea subscribed.
Each midwifery case has to pay a fee of Is. to the charity ;
this item, in the last year's account, amounts to £19.
President, The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry. — Trea-
surer, William Page Wood, Esq., M.P. — Consulting Physicians :
Donald Mackinnon, M.D. ; Robert Ben tley Todd, M.D. — Attend-
ing Physicians : C. J. B. Aldis, M.D. ; G. T. Fincham, M.D.—
Consulting Accoucheur, Frederick Bird, Esq. — Consulting Sur-
geon, John Malyn, Esq. — Surgeon, T. W. Nimn, Esq. — Apothe-
cary, Mr. William Henry Firth. — Secretary, Mr. G. Western, 4,
Great Vine-street, Regent's Quadrant. — Collector, Mr. J. P.
Phillips, 6, Stamford-terrace, Swan-street, Dover-road. — Bankers,
Messrs. Hallett and Robinson.
WESTMINSTER GENERAL DISPENSARY, Ger-
rard-street, Soho. Founded 1774. To dispense medicines,
77
CHELSEA, A.D. 1812. ^ISptllSariBS. BOYAL PIMLICO, 1831
(fee, and to deliver poor women at their own habitations.
A subscriber of 1 guinea per annum is entitled to have con-
stantly one patient on the books ; about 4,000 patients re-
lieved annually.
President, the Duke of Northumberland. — Treasurers : John
Squire, Esq. ; Thomas De Year, Esq. — Physician, Dr. Henry
Long. — Consulting Physicians : Dr. Child, Dr. Roscoe ; Dr. S.
W. Merriman. — Consulting Physician-Accoucheur, Dr. Gran-
ville. — Surgeons : Robert Wade, Esq. ; Alexander Ure, Esq. —
Consulting Surgeon, Thomas Copeland, Esq. — Resident Medical
Officer, G. Smith, Esq., at the Dispensary, Gerrard-street, Soho. —
Secretary, W. J. Wills, Esq.
CHELSEA, BROMPTON, AND BELGRA VE DIS-
PENSARY, 41, Sloane-square. Established 1812. The
annual number of patients about 4,000, of whom 90 are
under treatment at a time : total number from date of in-
stitution, 93,117.
The annual expenditure is about .£350, which is well
met by the voluntary contributions, assisted by .£30 divi-
dends.
A subscriber of 1 guinea is entitled to recommend one
midwifery case in the year, and to have one medical or
surgical patient at a time, on the books of the institution.
Treasurer, Charles Hopkinson, Esq. — Consulting Physician,
Dr. Anthony Todd Thompson. — Surgeons : Messrs. Whitmore,
Seaton, Woolley, and Leggatt.- — Physicians : Dr. Barclay, Dr. C.
Handfield Jones. — Apothecary, Mr. T. Taylor, residing at the
Dispensary.— Secretary, Mr. C. Wilson, at the Dispensary. — Col-
lector, Mr. J. H. OUive.
ROYAL PIMLICO DISPENSARY, Belgrave-terrace.
Founded 1831. Subscribers of one or more guineas per an-
num are entitled to have one patient constantly on the
books, to recommend one lying-in woman during the year.
Open for the reception of recommendatory letters every day
at 12.
During last year 5,162 patients were cured or relieved :
total number since the foundation, 23,772.
The necessary expenditure exceeds £500 per annum — an
amount, that the present receipts appear barely sufficient
for, and there is no funded property.
President, The Marquis of Westminster, Treasurer, C. L. Hare,
Esq. — Honorary Secretary, G. W. Forster, Esq., 12, Charlwood-
78
KENSINGTON, A.D. 1840. 31iBMrfll PADDINGTON, A.D. 1838
place. — Bankers, Messrs. Drummond. — Consulting Physician
James Arthur Wilson, Esq., M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, Henry
Charles Johnson, Esq. — Consulting Accoucheur, John Ince, Esq.
— Attending Physician, Edwin Lankester, Esq., M.D.— Attend-
ing Surgeon, W. V. Pettigrew, Esq., M.D. — Attending Accou-
cheur, Frederick Robert Manson, .Esq., M.D. — Surgeon Dentist,
John Littlewood, Esq. — Resident Medical Officer. Richard Stan-
ing, Esq. — Collector, Mr. William Blackboume, 59, Ebury-street.
KENSINGTON DISPENSARY, Church-street. Es-
tablished 1840. A suitable dispensary house is completed
in Church-street, more adapted to the increasing extent of
operation of the charity. The present annual average of
patients is about 1,500 or 2,000 ; last year the number dis-
charged cured was 974 ; the annual income is about .£400,
which fully defrays all the necessary expenses. One gui-
nea annually, or 10 guineas at one time, constitutes a go-
vernor ; entitled to recommend three patients at a time.
The dispensary is open for the reception of patients at
10 o'clock daily.
President, Archdeacon Sinclair, — Treasurer, Right Hon, Wil-
liam Lascelles, M.P. — Honorary Secretary, Edward Sheppard,
Esq. — Honorary Solicitor, James Weston, Esq. — Consulting Phy-
sician, James Arthur Wilson, Esq., M.D. — -Consulting Surgeon,
Caesar Hawkins, Esq. — Resident Apothecary, Mr. E. J. New-
comb. — Collector, Mr. John Manchester, 2, Pembroke-square.
PADDINOTON PROVIDENT DISPENSARY, 104,
Star-street, Cambridge Terrace. Established 1838. Is
chiefly for the benefit of the poor of the district, who are
able to contribute their own trifle towards their medical
attendance ; the payments range from Id. to l^d. weekly,
according to the number of the family ; and the funds are
assisted by the contributions of the more wealthy : the
total amount required is about £300 per annum, half of
which is met by the payments of members. The number
of patients attending varies from 2,000 to 2,500 annually.
President, Rev. A. M. Campbell. — Treasurer, Charles Beach-
croft, Esq. — Secretary, Frederick Ouvry, Esq. — Consulting Phy-
sician, Dr. W. O. Markham. — Consulting Surgeon, Samuel
Lane, Esq. — Consulting Accoucheur, Dr. J. Henry Bennet. —
Medical Officers in Ordinary : C. Langmore, Esq. ; Thomas
Hill, Esq. ; C. E. Goodman, Esq. — House Surgeon, Sir. William
Smith. — Collector, Mr. liobert Watkins, 19, Clarence-road, Ken-
tish-town.
79
PADDINGTON FREE,1848. liiS|IBES3riBS, HOMOEOPATHIC 1840.
PABDINGTON FREE DISPENSARY FOR THE
Diseases of Women and Children, 8, Market-street, Edg-
ware-road. Established 1848. 300 patients now under
treatment. A fundamental rule of the institution is, that
" there shall be no paid officers, medical or otherwise ;
that all contributions may be devoted exclusively to the
relief of the poor." No recommendations required. A cash
statement not yet rendered, the institution being only lately
formed. One guinea annual, or 10 guineas donation, consti-
tutes a life governor.
President, Lord Dudley C. Stuart. — Consulting Physician,
Edward W. Murphy, A.M., M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, William
Fergusson, Esq. — Physician, Edward John Tilt, M.D. — Surgeon,
Thomas Moore, Esq. — Dentist, Robert Ganthony, Esq. — Bankers,
The Union Bank of London. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. William
Dickinson, 16, Cambridge-street, Hyde-park.
LONDON EOM(EOPATHIG MEDICAL INSTITU-
TION, 17, Hanover- square. Established 1840. For ex-
tending as widely as possible a knowledge of the merits and
advantages of homoeopathy, for enabling the afflicted poor
to partake of the benefits of that treatment, and enabling
the profession to test, by personal observation, the action
and results of the remedies employed : 820 cases were
under treatment in 1849 ; partly self-supported, made up
by the treasurer's and other contributions.
A donor of 1 guinea is entitled to recommend one patient.
President, The Earl of Wilton. — Treasurer, William Leaf, Esq.
— Physician, P. F. Curie, M.D. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. W.
Wame, 9, Gresham-street-west. — Chemist, Mr. W. Headland.
Collector, Mr. Middleton, 20, Pall Mall.
WEST LONDON HOMCEOPATHIC DISPENSARY,
2, London-street, Fitzroy-square. Established 1841.1
Founded with a view to afford the sick poor the advantages
of treatment on homoeopathic principles, and also to enable
medical men and students to ascertain, by personal obser-
vation, the benefit of that mode of practice. Open daily,
from 9 to 10, for the reception of patients ; Wednesdays,
specially for treatment of the eye and ear ; Saturdays, for
females.
2,200 patients, it is stated, were treated from 1841 to
^ At 67, Newman-street, Oxford-street ; reconstituted, 1848.
80
FOE HOMCEOPATHIC BHlJlirHl ^iSpiMHrilS. TBEATMENT,
1848 ; and 2,006 from June, 1848, to October, 1849 ; evi-
dencing a great increase for the system. One guinea an-
nually entitles to have one patient on the books.
Honorary Secretary, W. T. T. Elliott, Esq.— Physician, R. E.
Dudgeon, M.D.— Surgeon, T. Engall, Esq.— Chemist, Mr. W.
Headland. — Collector, Mr. Watkins.
THE HOMCEOPATHIC INSTITUTION, 63, Edg-
ware-road, has a dispensary attached ; open to the poor
gratuitously. Attendance is given daily at 12 o'clock.
Honorary Secretary, Mr. R. Buchan.
WESTMINSTER AND ST. GEORGES EOM(EO-
PA THIC Free Dispensary, 22, Davies-mews, Lower Brook-
street, Grosvenor-square, is especially for the treatment of
consumption and other diseases of the chest. Patients free
upon a recommendation of any person of known respecta-
bility. Time of admission Mondays, Wednesdays, Thurs-
days, and Saturdays, from 8 to 10.
Medical Officer, Mr. Wilson.
81
tfji iiiinaiit ^nrirtips. h.
CHAPTER IV.
FOR THE PRESERVATION OF HUMAN LIFE,
HEALTH, AND PUBLIC MORALS.
The Humane Societies. — Sanitary Improvement Measures. — Model
Buildings for Poor. — Establishments for Baths and Washhouses. —
Early Closing. — Temperance Societies. — Prevention of Vice.
The Institutions compreliended in this chapter are, for the
most part, of a preventive character, and follow here, from a
consideration of the causes of a vast deal of the suffering and
disease designed to he relieved by the charities already de-
scribed. Very many of the ills of human life, no one can deny,
are incident to want of care and common precautionary mea-
sures. That such is pretty well recognized, may be in-
ferred from the following institutions having been called
into existence by practical experience of their need. That
much may be done, under the blessing of God, for the saving
of human life from the casualties of domestic and every-day
life, is abundantly evidenced by the details of such as have
had years to test their usefulness ; and that much will be
effected, both for the safety and comfort of the lower classes
especially, there is great reason to hope. Very cheering and
animating is the announcement of one or two of these con-
templated new institutions, and satisfactory the progress of
those already formed in the cause of public health and
morals : it shows, at the least, that public attention is ener-
getically directed to the subject, if not, as yet, thoroughly and
systematically ; and there cannot be a doubt but that such
efforts will exercise a powerful influence and effect a gi'eat
social improvement throughout the metropolis, to the benefit
6
82
ROYAL HUMANE I^IfSriDfltiDE Uf SOCIETY, A.D. 1774
of our crowded localities of coiirts and alleys clustering with
human beings.
It may occur to the reader, that some of the institutions
detailed in this and the following chapters, appear, at first
sight, rather strangely diverse in design and operation, and
embrace more of social than charitable details ; but, upon a
closer consideration, it will be seen there is a link running
through all — illustrative of an anxious desire to render sub-
servient to general humanity the benefit of every fresh sug-
gestion for the common weal, immediately upon a need or
necessity manifesting itself — and the endeavour to supply it
upon benevolent and liberal principles.^
The institutions here treated of may thus be classed : —
Preservation of Human Life, 3 ; Prevention of Cruelty, 1 ;
Improvement of Dwellings, 1 ; Promoting Cleanliness, Com-
fort, etc., 3 ; Limiting Hours of Business, 1 ; Promoting
Temperance, 2 ; Suppression of Immoral Books, 1 ; Total, 12.
Although reckoned as but twelve institutions, it must be
borne in mind that each has its local operations ; and in
some cases, such as Baths, etc., they result in separate esta-
blishments.
With one exception, these are all the product
of the present century ; and those in full
operation are conducted at an annual ex-
pense of . . . . . £11,503
To defray which, the voluntary contributions
amount to .... £8,730
This is exclusive of those now self-support-
ing, or nearly so, but founded originally
at a first cost, raised by voluntary contri-
butions, of ... . £72,000
THE ROYAL HUMANE SOCIETY, 3, Trafalgar-
square, Charing-cross. Instituted 1774.* For collecting and
circulating the most approved and effectual methods for re-
^ " Of the different ingredients in the ciip of misery drained to the dregs
by so many of our poorer brethren, it would be difficult to say which
are the most deleterious; but if we devote exclusively the resources of
our charity to remedy evils which affect the mind, the task of improving
the condition of the poorer classes will be very difficult, if not altogether
hopeless." — Bishop of London.
^ This institution must not be, as is too often the case, associated
exclusively with one of its objects, viz., the saving persous from drown-
83
ROYAL HUMANE SHIIISE lllff. SOCIETY, A.D. 1774
covering persons apparently drowned or dead ; and for sug-
gesting and providing suitable apparatus for, and bestowing
rewards on, those who assist in the preservation and restora-
tion of life.
Since the establishment of this society, many hundreds of
individuals have been rescued by its direct agency, in the
neighbourhood of the metropolis alone, from premature
death. The following summary of operations during the
past year, may be considered as a fair average of what is
effected by the direct exertions of its own officers : fourteen
persons were prevented from effecting suicide ; twenty res-
cued, whilst in danger of drowning, from cramp or getting
beyond their depth whilst swimming ; and, during the ice
season, thirty-four rescued from various degrees of danger
whilst skating. The number of rewards voted in cases of
meritorious exertion or prompt remedial measures, extending
over the world : one gold, sixteen silver, and twenty-one
bronze medallions ; and pecuniary amounts to 125 indivi-
duals. The principal receiving house of the society is on
the north bank of the Serpentine in Hyde-park. The me-
thods of treatment under emergent circumstances, published
by this society, are very excellent, and may be obtained gra-
tuitously on application. The annual amount spent for re-
wards, salaries, wages, advertisements, etc., is „£ 1,620, and for
receiving house and marquees, ,£200. This is defrayed by
an income of £1,800, arising from voluntary contributions
ing. It owes its chief claims to the present high position it occupies, to
the impetus it has given to the investigation of the subject of Suspended
Animation, and to the valuable directions it has circulated for observ-
ance upon emergencies. The principle established by its first founder
(in idea). Dr. Fothergill, was, " the possibility of saving many lives with-
out risking anything ;" and, by this quiet, indirect system of operations,
it has doubtless exercised a vast influence in recovering the apparently
dead. The design of the Honorary Medallion is very appropriate, fully
representing the humane character of the institution by the figure of a
child endeavouring to sustain the light of a torch, with the classical and
significant motto, — " Lateat scintillula forsan," — a small spark may lurk
unseen.
We have referred to Dr. Fothergill as the originator, at least in idea,
of this institution ; but the credit of the organization and matured plan
rests with Drs. Hawes and Cogan, who brought to demonstration the
truths propounded by Fothergill some years previously ; and by their
personal exertions, eventually aided by some thirty friends, the establish-
ment of this now great society was effected.
84
ROYAL SOCIETY, ^rtSBniHtillE Ilf FROM FIRE, A.D, 1843
and dividends. The items are not more minutely specified
in cash statement.
A subscription of one guinea annually constitutes a Go-
vernor ; 2 guineas annually, a Director ; 10 guineas, a Life
Governor ; 20 guineas, a Life Director. Persons claiming
rewards, must produce testimonials within one month to the
Secretary, signed by three housekeepers acquainted with the
particulars.
President, The Duke of Norfolk. — Treasurer, Benjamin Hawes,
Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Joseph Charlier, at the Society's office,
3, Trafalgar-square. — Collector, Mr. Abbot, 2, Agar-street,
Strand,
THE ROYAL SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION
of Life from Fire, 169, Fleet-street. Re-established 1843.1
The principal object endeavoured to be attained by the So-
ciety is the establishment of Fire Escape Stations, half-a-mile
distant from each other throughout the metropolis, and main-
taining a body of Conductors, well instructed in the use of
the "Escapes," one at each station throughout the night.
It also seeks to stimulate to intrepid exertions, in the pre-
servation of human life at fires, by presentation of silver
medals and pecuniary rewards. The Society's honorary sil-
ver medallion can only be obtained by such as have personally
rescued human life from the flames.
The number of Fire Escape Stations at present maintained
by the Society is twenty-seven. The average annual cost of
each is £80, and first expenses, for " Escape," etc., £70. It is
the duty of every conductor to attend the fires in his district
at the very first alarm, whether actually required or not ; and
the promptitude with which they attend is always to be re-
marked, generally arriving before fire engines. The gra-
dually decreasing number of fatal fires in London, clearly
demonstrates the benefit of such an institution.
The following extract from the present annual report,
shows at one view what has been efiected by the Society
during five years and three months, the time the present
Committee have had the management of its afiairs,
1 First established iu 1830 ; but, from some imperfection in its early
management, its objects were not fully developed, or its operations car-
ried to any extent, until the year 1843, when the necessity for such an
institution became so evident, that at a public meeting convened for that
purpose, the society was reorganized.
85
BOTAL NATIONAL. ^HIIIflE iift. FROM SHIPWRECK, 1824
StatUmt.
Firea and.
Livei saved
In 15 mos. ending Mar. 1845 ■
8 increased to 1 1
■ 116
- 13
In 12 mos. ending Mar. 1846 •
■ 11
jj
15
- 96
7
1847 •
• 16
,j
21
- 139
- 11
1848 ■
■ 21
„
25
- 197
- 17
1849 .
- 25
J,
26
- 223
- 31
771 79
The expenses of maintaining the conductors and stations,
with inspectors, amount to £'1,900 per annum, and the ma-
nagement expenses only £180 ; the Avhole defrayed by volun-
tary subscriptions, of from 5s. to 2 guineas annually, assisted
by about £400 or £500 a-year, voted by the vestries of some
80 parishes.^
Patron, The Queen. — Treasurer, John Dean Paul, Esq., 217,
Strand. — Secretary, Mr. Sampson Low, Jan., 14, Great James-
street, Bedford-row. — Bankers, Messrs. Strahan, Pauls, and Bates.
— Inspectors of Stations : East District, Mr. William Baddeley,
29, Alfred-street, Islington ; West District, Mr. Spencer, 7, Great
Portland-street.
ROYAL NATIONAL INSTITUTION, for the Preser-
vation of Life from Shipwreck, 20, Austin Friars. Found-
ed 1824. For the establishment of life-boats, and other
apparatus, in the most eligible situations of the British Isles,
and rewarding persons who may have assisted in saving
lives from shipwreck. For carrying these good intentions
into effect, local associations have been formed in various
parts of the united kingdom, by the instrumentality of which
many hundreds of persons have been saved from shipwreck.
The cash statement presents an account of about £700 per
annum, arising, half from dividends, and half from voluntary
contributions ; £400 spent for the objects of the institution,
and £350 for expenses of management ; but no report has
been issued by the Society, we are informed, since 1842.
Ten guineas at one time, or one guinea annually, consti-
tutes a governor, with one vote at all general meetings.
Treasurer, Richard Percival, Jun., Esq. — Trustees : Thomas
Wilson, Esq. ; John Cazenove, Esq. ; John Clark Powell, Esq. —
Auditors : Tunothy A. Curtis, Esq. ; Mr. Aid. Thompson, M.P.
•^ The contributions from parocWal bodies have, for the most part, only
as yet afforded a fostering cooperation to the otherwise voluntary charac-
ter of this essentially required institution. Such contributions vary from
£1 to 25 guineas annually, and are voted by the several vestries, under
the provisions of the boilding act of 14 George III, cap. 78.
86
FOR PEEVENTION ^ttinHUB ^IlriEtijH. OF CRUELTY, 1821
ROYAL SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF
Cruelty to Animals ; office, 12, Pall Mall. Established 1824.
The object of this Society is to prevent the cruel and impro-
per treatment of animals. Much of the cruelty committed
by coachmen, carters, drovers, and others, might be pre-
vented by the mild and kind interference of humane indi-
viduals, by the police, and by the parochial authorities,
whom the committee solicit to unite with them in the
above object. Amongst the results of the Society's opera-
tions, may be summed up — " the prosecution to conviction
of more than 3,000 cases of aggravated cruelty ; the obtain-
ing, in 1835, an amendment of Mr. Martin's Act, whereby
more extensive legislative powers were granted ; in 1839,
the insertion of a clause in the New Police Act, prohibiting
the use of dogs in carts and trucks ; in 1844, an amendment
of the law relative to knackers' yards ; and, in 1849, a new
and much improved act for the more eflFectual prevention of
cruelty to animals." The annual average of cases proceeded
against appears to be 150, either by the direct or indirect
operations of the Society. The disbursements consist of office
expenses, salaries, prosecution, and incidental, to the amount
of £900 annually. The income is derived, from voluntary
sources, £820, and from dividends, £200 ; and the cash
statement for 1849 presents the finances in a most satisfac-
tory position.
Ten guineas donation, or one guinea annual, constitutes a
Governor. The Committee meet at the office every second
monday in the month ; and the Secretary attends daily, be-
tween eleven and four.
President, vacant. — Treasurer, Samuel Gumey, Esq. — Sub-
Treasurer, Lewis Pocock, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Henry Thomas. —
Collector, Mr. George Middleton.
LABOURERS' FRIEND SOCIETY, for improving the
condition of the Labouring Classes ; Office, 21, Exeter Hall.
Established 1831. Is actively engaged in endeavouring to
ameliorate the condition of the working classes, in the three
important points of dwellings,^ land, and money. It has built
^ The operations of the Society heing at the present time, more espe-
cially directed to the improvement of dwellings, and carrying out of
sanitary measures, is the motive for classing it in the present chapter j
otherwise, its general objects are of a kindred character to those compre-
hended in chapter VIII.
87
LABouKERs' ^miirniirnirnt nf Dniflirags. friend, a.d. 1845
a range of dwellings for the industrious classes, on sanitary
principles, at Bagnigge-wells, Gray's-inn-Iane. Here 23
families and 30 single women are accommodated. Also, in
George-street, St. Giles's, a model lodging-house for working
men, where 104 persons of this class find a comfortable habi-
tation. It has repaired and rendered fit for healthy occupa-
tion four houses in King-street and Charles-street, Drury-
lane, wherein 108 working men are accommodated, for four-
pence per night. Also, at No. 76, Hatton-garden, a house
for the accommodation of 58 females of the working classes.
It is now building, in Streatham-street, Bloomsbury, a
range of dwellings for mechanics and their families, wherein
about 48 such families wUl find good and healthy habita-
tions. At Tunbridge-wells it is aiding to raise a series of
cottages for agricultural labourers, of which six, and a lodg-
ing-house for single men, are already completed and occu-
pied. It is also in constant correspondence with a great
number of benevolent persons in all parts of the kingdom,
who apply for its aid in the building or improvement of cot-
tages, or the setting out of cottage allotments. In these
various works it has expended, or now is expending, more
than ^23,000.
The income of the Society wholly depends on the contri-
butions of the benevolent ; and the extent of its operations is
entirely contingent upon the amount entrusted to it. Thus,
by a simultaneous movement amongst the metropolitan
clergy at the last general " Thanksgiving," a very large col-
lection was placed at the disposal of the Committee — nearly
£4000. This, with additional donations, enabled them forth-
with to develope corresponding efforts to establish upon a
large scale a fresh " model buUding," for the improvement
of the lodgings of the labouring classes generally. For the
purpose of increasing the comfort and promoting the health
of the poor, the benevolently inclined will find no better
opportunity for exertion than that afforded by this institu-
tion, or fairer probability of the same being attended with
success.
An annual subscription of one guinea, or more, constitutes
a Member of the Society, and donors of £10 and upwards
are Governors for life. Donations of £50 and upwards may
be paid immediately, or by four yearly payments.
President, Prince Albert. — Chairman of Committee, Lord Ash-
ley. — Treasurer, John Labouchere, Esq. — Secretary, John Wood,
Esq. — Collector, Mr. W. B. Emmery. — Agent, Mr. Henry Martin.
SH_
METROPOLITAN /^KEitHri| ASSOCIATION, A.D. 1850
METROPOLITAN ASSOCIATION, for Improving
the Divellings of the Industrious Classes, 19, Coleman-street,
City. Incorporated 1845. The object of this association
is to enable the labouring classes to procure a comfortable,
cleanly, and healthy habitation, at a less expense tha.n is at
present paid for very inferior and unhealthy accommoda-
tion, arising from want of ventilation, bad drainage, and the
crowded state of the apartments.
Their operations during the past four years have resulted
in the erection of a commodious pile of buildings in the
Pancras-road, at a total cost of about £17,000, affording
accommodation for 110 families, in sets of two or three
rooms each, with a separate scullery, water-closet, ample
supply of water, and other conveniences, at rents far below
the amounts usually paid in unhealthy and inconvenient
abodes. A piece of land has likewise been recently pur-
chased by the association, in Spicer-street, Brick-lane, for
the establishment of a model lodging-house for single men :
both establishments, it is computed, will be self-supporting
and remunerative as soon as in full action.
The funds have been raised in shares of £25, and liabili-
ties of joint-stock avoided, by obtaining letters patent under
the 1st Victoria, c. 73, sees. 2 and 4, which limits the re-
sponsibility of shareholders ; £5 per share is required to be
paid into the bankers' hands. Communications and appli-
cations for shares to be addressed to Mr. C. Gatliff, Honorary
Secretary, 19, Coleman-street.
Chairman, Sir Ralph Howard. — Auditors : John Finlaison,
Esq. ; Edward Hurry, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Barclay, Bevan,
Tritton, and Co. — Architect, William Beck, Esq. — Honorary
Secretary, Charles GatlifF, Esq., 19, Coleman-street.
THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY ASSOCIA-
TION, 12, St. James's-square, is now fonning under the pre-
sidency of the Bishop of London, with the exertions of several
influential friends to the cause of the labouring poor ; at
its foundation meeting recently held (February 6, 1850,)
the advantages of efficiently conducted sanitary measures
y were fully and powerfully urged by Lord Ashley, Mr. Dickens,
and other gentlemen. Their arguments were to the effect,
that the imperative necessity of health measures, adequate
to the wants of the 2,000,000 inhabiting this great metropolis,
has been incontrovertibly established by the disclosures
89
N.W. BATHS AND .^HipnilEfinElrtS. WASH-HOUSES, A.D. 1846
made during the late epidemic, and the appalling sacrifice
of life, amounting in all to a loss of 18,4^3 lives, demon-
strate that a time has arrived when the people are entitled
urgently to demand from the legislature efficient and com-
prehensive enactments, in order to prevent recurrent ravages
of pestilence and attendant misery. The clergy of the
metropolis were particularly called upon to assist the asso-
ciation to the utmost of their power by the formation of
branch associations in every district and parish. With these
the parent association, it was stated, will gladly cooperate.
The zealous support of all classes may, in short, be so-
licited in this work of prevention, the benefits of which must
extend to all, though they will be most apparent in the
improved state of the dwellings of the poor and of the la-
bouring classes, and in the elevated social condition of the
people, in greatly reduced local burdens, and in the dimi-
nished amount of widowhood and orphanage.
An annual subscription of 1 guinea, and a donation of five
guineas, constitutes a member.
Messrs. Glyn and Co. ; Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, and Co. ;
Messrs. Williams, Deacon, and Co. ; and the London and West-
minster Bank, receive contributions. — Honorary Secretaries : M.
W. Lusignan, M.A. ; Hector Gavin, M.D. ; Adolphus Bamett,
M.B., 12, St. James's-square, and Crosby Hall, Bishopsgate.
BATHS AND WASH-HOUSES for the Labouring
Classes, in the North- West District of the Metropolis, George-
street, Euston-square. Established 1846. The first esta-
hVishmQVii practically tried in the metropolis .^ It was founded
by voluntary contributions, at a total cost of about £6,000 ;
but is now, with continuation of slight assistance, self-
supporting, and will doubtless be soon entirely so. The
benefits conferred on the surrounding districts have been
substantial, and are increasingly displayed.
Thus, in 1847, 110,940 persons bathed, and 137,672 in-
dividuals had their clothes washed, dried, <fec. ; while,
during 1848, notwithstanding the unusually cold and wet
season, 111,788 bathed, and 246,760 were washed for: be-
sides this, 1,433 rooms, closets, areas, &;q., have been cleansed
and purified.
President, Lord Southampton. — Bankers, Sir Claude Scott and
Co. — Honorary Secretary, T. H. Smith, Esq. — Secretary, Mr.
John Bell.
^ The first establishment of this character was at Glasgow.
90
BATHS & WASH ^anitan| gmprnntrngnts. houses, a.d. 1847
COMMITTEE for Promoting the Establishment of Bathi
and Wash-Houses for the Labouring Classes, 5, Exeter
Hall, and Goulston-square, Whitechapel, London.
The first operations to promote this purpose were in 1844,
but various difficulties, occupying much time and consider-
ably greater expense than was calculated upon, retarded the
object, and it was not until July 1847, that the first half of
the baths and wash-houses, at the model establishment, were
opened. The total cost, under the peculiar expenses, of
experiments, <fec., swelled the amount to £26,000 ; but the
purpose served both to afibrd to a wretchedly poor district
the benefits of cheap cleanliness, and at the same time pre-
sented data to ground application for legislative measures,
authorizing such establishments in every parish, and offer a
model for future operations.
At the present establishment 20,000 people can bathe
weekly, and accommodation be afforded for 42 women to wash
at one time, with tubs, drying closets, and every requisite.
There are 96 baths and 84 pairs of tubs ; and the com-
mittee are of opinion that similar extensive establishments
may now be completed, after the model, for about ^12,000 :^
also that this, as well as others, when in full operation, will
not only be self-supporting, but remunerative ; thus, it is
computed, ^12,000 a-year will be the continued receipts, at
the present charges of Id. for cold baths, and 2d., or 6d.,
for warm baths ; and ,£400 a-year from the washers at Id.
per hour : whilst the continued working expenses cannot
exceed .£1,400 annually.
President, ITie Lord Bishop of London. — Chairman, Rev. Sir
Henry R. Dukinfield, Bart.— Deputy Chairman, William Hawes,
Esq. — Trustees : Samuel Jones Loyd, Esq ; Sir William Magnay,
Bart. ; Sir A. De Rothschild, Bart.; Abel Smith, Esq. — Honorary
Secretaries : James Farish, Esq. ; John Bullar, Esq. — Assistant
Secretaiy, Mr. George Wooleott.
St. Martin in the Fields Establishment has now 72 baths
open, and during the past nine months upwards of 150,000
bathers have availed themselves of the benefit, paying from
Id. to 3d. for cold baths, and 3d. or 6d. for warm baths : this
is the first establishment opened under Sir Henry Dukin-
field's « Public Bath and Wash-House Act." 2
^ Mr. Baly, the civil engineer to the committee, states he has been
able greatly to reduce the cost for Preston, as well as for other places.
^ 9th and 10th acts of Victoria, cap. 74, by which all the boroughs or
91
METROPOLITAN (ESfll} (ClflSillg. ASSOCIATION, A.D. 1842
The following parishes have likewise adopted, or are
about doing so, the provisions of the same act : —
St. Marylehone establishment, in the New-road, opposite
Lisson-grove. Superintendent, Mr. James Crafter.
8t. Giles and JSi. George, Bloomsbury.
St. James's, Piccadilly : site secured near Messrs. Broad-
wood's Brewery.
St. Margaret and St. John, Westminster, and
Lambeth ;
And the cities and boroughs of Hull, Liverpool, Bristol,
Plymouth, Preston, Worcester, Birmingham, <iec.
THE METROPOLITAN EARLY CLOSING ASSO-
CIA TION, 32, Ludgate-hiU. Established 1842.1 Its ob-
ject is, by means of argument and persuasion, with em-
ployers, and public co-operation, so to abridge the hours
of business as to extend to assistants opportunity for re-
creation, and for physical, intellectual, and moral improve-
ment.
As some of the earliest results of this society in the ad-
vancement of these latter objects, may be instanced, the
establishment of " The Church of England's Young Men
Society," " The Young Men's Christian Association," and
others, each full of promise for the spread of Christian
principles, and all more or less promoted by the pioneering
operations and earnest exertions of the promoters of this
society.
President, Sir James Emerson Tennent. — Trustees : Creorge
Hitchcock, Esq. ; Ambrose Moore, Esq. ; T. Winkworth, Esq. —
Treasurer, W. D. Owen, Esq. — Collectors : Mr. Butts ; Mr. J.
Hankes. — Secretary, Mr. John Lilwall, 32, Ludgate-hill.
NATIONAL TEMPERANCE SOCIETY, 11, Token-
house-yard. Established 1842. For the purpose of assist-
ing efforts for the cause of temperance in every part of the
country, by encouraging and assisting the formation of
county and other district associations, ascertaining the cha-
parishes in England and Wales are enabled to establish such institutions
out of the rates, if the resolution to adopt them is carried by a certain
majority.
1 First established in 1 842, under the title of the " Metropolitan Drapers'
Association," but -was so altered in 1846, both in constitution and name,
as to embrace all trades, as at present.
92
BRITISH AXD ^rnmntJiig tomfrtrantt foreign, a.d.isso
racter and qualifications of advocates, recommending agents,
and assisting in their exchange from one association to
another ; by collecting and diffusing statistical and other
valuable information bearing on the subject of intemper-
ance, and by watching the proceedings of Parliament in
questions connected with intemperance, and taking every
suitable opportunity of bringing the subject under the
notice of the legislature.
Connected with, and promoted by this society, was the
great " World's Temperance Convention," held in London,
August 4, 1846, and following days, brought together from
all parts of the world : the society consists of annual sub-
scribers of 1 guinea and upwards, and of donors of not less
than 10 guineas, who have signed a declaration involving
total abstinence from intoxicating liquors.
The cash statement appended to last report shows an in-
come of about £1,000 annually, with the exception of about
X50 supplied by voluntary contributions, and expended
chiefly in printing pamphlets, expenses of meetings, tra-
velling, lecturing, <ijc.
Treasurer, G. W. Alexander, Esq., 40, Lombard-street. —
Secretary, Mr. Isaac Doxsey. — Missionaries, Mr. James Balfour j
Mr. Richard Hodgson.
BRITISH S FOREIGN TEMPERANCE SOCIETY,
Aldine Chambers, Paternoster-row. Established 1830. Con-
sists of such persons as subscribe to the following declara-
tion : — " We agree to abstain from distilled spirits, except
for medicinal purposes, and to discountenance the causes
and practice of intemperance." The members promote the
circulation of publications which have received the sanction
of the committee. The society recognizes as members those
who adopt its general declaration ; while those who show
their good will, by contributing to the funds of the society,
without adopting the declaration, are considered as honorary
members.
The last report of the institution represents a continued
increase of drunkenness ; also an increasing consumption
of spirits throughout the British empire, and presents alto-
gether anything but a gratifying account of the society's
influence.
There are some very good tracts and other papers published
by the society, which are worthy an extended circulation ; but
93
SOCIETY FOB ^ll|l|irt55fng flf ^JU. A.D. 1802
the present funds at its disposal appear totally inadequate
to carry out efficiently the great object it attempts to effect,
the whole amount being under £250 per annum.
President, the Bishop of London. — Honorary Secretary, Rev,
H. Hughes, A.M. — Secretary, Kev. Owen Clarke, 6, Northamp-
ton-square. — Bankers, Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, and Co. — Col-
lector, Mr. Shrewsbury, 3, King's-row, Walworth. — Agent, Mr.
James Simpson.
SOCIETY FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF VICE,
57, Lincoln's-inn-fields. Established 1802. Established
chiefly at the instance, and by the exertions, of the late
William WiIberforce,i Esq. About four or five years back
its operations were obliged to be suspended, from increasing
debts and generally disarranged funds. Latterly, however,
by a successful appeal to the public, it has been enabled to
resume active measures against the promoters of infidelity
and vice ; and the last report represents an extent of consi-
derable usefulness achieved by it in two years, chiefly con-
sisting in the suppression of infidel lectures and discussions,
and the destruction of immoral books, and punishment by
law of their venders. It is the axiom of daily experience
that a bad man's influence can, in some measure, be traced
and counteracted ; but that that of a bad book can never be
known, and is incalculable ; with this conviction it is that
^ The present society, more correctly speakiug, was based upon that
founded by Wilberforce, which had for its chief purpose the religious in-
fluencing of the tone of English society, and its operations confined to
that time of lax morals, — the closing of the last century. It was organized
1787 ; and concerning it Mr. Wilberforce thus writes to Mr. Hey of
Leeds, in May of that year : — " You will shortly hear of a proclamation
issued for the discouragement of vice ; of letters written by the State Secre-
tary to the Lords Lieutenants, expressing the pleasure of His Majesty,,
that they should be active in putting in force the laws against immorality ;
ahOy of a Society being formed in London, to carry out such purposes.
The objects to which the Committee will direct their attention are the
oflFences specified in the proclamation, — profanation of the Sabbath,
swearing, drunkenness, licentious publications, etc." — Life of Wilberforce.
His biographers add, — " the society was soon in active and useful opera-
tion : the Duke of Montague opened his house for its reception, and pre-
sided over its meetings ; a post which was filled after his death by the
late Lord Bathurst, who was followed by Bishop I'ortens : and before
•ts dissolution, it had obtained many valuable Acts of Parliament, and had
greatly checked the spread of blasphemous and indecent publications."
94
SOCIETY FOR .^ii|i|irt55inn nf %'m, a.d. 1802
we hail, with pleasure, the information afforded by the com-
mittee of the very large number of villanous publications
annually destroyed by their means, which would otherwise
have been spreading their poisoning influence over the
coimtry, corrupting the minds of the young, and disturbing
peace and order wherever introduced.
The object and operations of this society, demand for it
the support and cooperation of every advocate for extending
the influence of moral and religious principles ; its funds
appear to require increasing, and its general management
strengthening.
Treasurer, Charles Hoare, Esq., Fleet-street. — Secretary, Mr.
Henry Piichard, 57; Lin coln's-inn -fields.
95
CHAPTER V.
CHARITIES FOR RECLAIMING THE FALLEN;
THE REFORMATION OF CRIMINALS; and
STAYING THE PROGRESS OF CRIME.
The Foundling, Magdalen, and Lock Hospitals. — Female Penitentiaries.
— Philanthropic Societies for Females, and Reformation of Young
Offenders. — Schools of Reform and Occupation. — General Peniten-
tiaries.
" It is lamentable," observed, some years back, the excellent
chaplain to Parkhurst, " to observe how large a majority of
the prisoners here, consists of destitute or otherwise unfortu-
nate children, suffering either from the loss, the negligence,
or the vice of their relatives " ; and this is a fact borne evi-
dence to by every inquirer into the subject. Sad and stem
truth ! It is, however, one of the most redeeming points of
the time we live in, that not only is the fact ascertained and
recognized, that vice is as mucn the source of these evils
as distress, but it is being acted upon ; — let the nume-
rous fences and protections described in the following pages,
and further details of educational and ragged school pro-
visions for the destitute classes, — testify to what an extent ;
evidencing, at least, that whatever there may be deficient in
the system of our charities, there is no deficiency either
in the spirit that prompts, or the energy which establishes
them. Our part, however, is now to describe in detail what
exists, — not to speculate upon what remains to be done.
The subject involved under the title of the present chap-
ter is too important an one to be treated of briefly ; too com-
FOUNDLING HOSPITAL. CjlflrititS ffll A.D. 1739
prehensive even to attempt as a subsidiary matter, there-
fore we do not interfere with the subject of prisons and
prisoners further than serves to illustrate the charitable in-
stitutions for their improvement and decrease. Bridewell
Hospital will be found to claim a short account, associated
so much as it is, in the minds of most, as a London charity.
The Model and Penitentiary Prisons are likewise appended
in notes, partaking too much of a similar character to be
excluded, whilst too decidedly for the punishment of offenders
to be classed as charities. Mr, Hepworth Dixon's recent
work on this subject, will be found likewise to afford every
information upon the prisons of London ; therefore to it the
reader is referred, for any information not comprehended by
the design of " the Charities of London."
Summary of Institutions described in this Chapter : —
1, for reception of Foundlings, to the num-
ber of . . . . . 500
10, for affording a Shelter and Home (one
treating disease) to Unfortunate Females,
maintaining at one time . . . 674
3, for Female and Juvenile Criminals, to the
number, at one time, of . . . 168
1, House of Occupation (connected with
Bridewell) .... 200
2, Benefiting Prisoners ; and
1, Amending Laws for the Protection of
Females.
In all, 18 Institutions, 17 of which come
under the designation of London Chari-
ties, conducted at an annual cost of . ^35,036
And of this amount, the sum received from
Voluntary Contributions realizes annually ^£16,299
4 Institutions were founded in the 18th cen-
tury, and the remaining 13 in the present
century (10 since 1820).
FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, Guildford-street. Incor-
porated 1739. Founded by Thomas Coram,i as an hospital for
" exposed and deserted children." In 1760, this was altered
1 A. benevolently inclined seaman, the master of a vessel trailing to the
colonies. The Hospital was incorporated by charter I'rom George II, in
Oct. 1739. It must not be supposed that Captain Coram's resources were
97
FOUNDLING Hosp. Uprlaiimng tjjr ^ulim, a.d. 1739
for " poor illegitimate children whose mothers are known."
The bye-laws for the admission of children may be thus con-
densed : — No application for admission received previous to
the birth of a child, nor after the child is twelve months old.
The Committee must be satisfied of the previous good charac- ^
ter and present necessity of the mother ; and that the father (if
living) has deserted her ; also, that the reception of the child
will, in all probability, be the means of replacing the mother
in the course of virtue and the way of an honest livelihood.
No money or other gift, under any pretence whatever, will
be received by the hospital for the admission of a child or
children ; nor by any officer or servant of the hospital, on
pain of immediate dismissal.
The revenues of the Hospital are very large ; proceeding
mainly from what is known as the " Foundling Estate," in-
cluding portions of Mecklenburgh- square, Guildford-street,
Brunswick-square, and several immediately neighbouring
sufficient for the endowment of this institution : what little property he
possessed was speedily engrossed in his charitable projects ; and, for the
last two years of his life, he became himself a recipient of charity. The
extent of its endowment and present fortunate position, must be attributed,
as is justly due, to the judicious policy of the governors for the time ; by
their provident care, the voluntary contributions of the benevolent in-
trusted to them, were invested in the purchase of the present site and sur-
rounding ground, then consistingof fieldsknown as Lamb'sConduit Fields,
belonging to the Earl of Salisbury, who finally sold it to the charity for
£5,6(K). It must not, however, be concealed, that the purchase of more
than they wanted for building, was not so much the result of their pene-
tration, as Lord Salisbury's refusing to sell a fractional part.
The hospital was built by Theodore Jacobson, the architect of the Gos-
port Royal Hospital, Among its most liberal benefactors, Handel and
Hogarth deserve mention. It is recorded of the great composer, that,
at a performance of his "Messiah" in the hospital chapel, he invariably
engaged all the performers to render their assistance gratuitously, and
once cleared for its benefit as much as ;£1,000 by one performance. There
are several paintings of the great artist in the hospital, including the
" March to Finchley."
The chapel of this hospital is a source of great attraction with the
public, owing to the efficient services of the choir, aided by the admirable
singing of the children. The Chaplain is the Rev. J. Forshall, M.A.
Morning preacher, the Rev. J.W. Gleadall, M.A. ; and Afternoon preacher,
the Rev. Edward Scobell, M.A. There is no service of an evening. A
contribution is expected from strangers on entering, for the benefit of the
Hospital funds.
7
98
LOCK HOSPITAL. CjiarifeS fflt A.D. 1746
streets, to the extent of about 50 acres. Most of this pro-
perty was let upon long building leases, having now about
40 years to expire : as they fall in, should the neighbourhood
retain its present character in any degree, the revenues of
the Hospital must benefit to a vast extent by the reversion.
The present annual income may thus be summed up : Rents
of estates, .£5,520 ; interest on .£108,388 stock, ^3,307 ;
benefactions, on an average of three years, £241 ; net pro-
duce of Chapel ditto, J687 :— total, £9,755.
The number of children succoured by the Hospital ave-
rages 500, who are placed out to nurse in the country whilst
infants, and afterwards brought to the Hospital in London,
where they are maintained until fifteen years of age. The
average annual admissions are 44. The qualification of a
Governor is a donation of £50.
President, the Duke of Cambridge. — Treasurer, Charles Pott,
Esq. — Physicians : John Spurgin, M.D.; A. Tweedie, M.D. — Sur-
geon, Thomas Wormald, Esq. — Apothecary, W. B. Hutchinson,
Esq. — Secretary, J. Brownlow, Esq. — Schoolmaster, Mr. Heine.
LOCK HOSPITAL ASYLUM AND CHAPEL, West-
bourne-green, Paddington (formerly Grosvenor-place). In-
stituted 1746.1
This excellent establishment consists of a Hospital for
the treatment of the peculiar disease incident to the destitute
class of women leading a life of vice and abandonment 2 —
an Asylum for their reception immediate upon their cure,
where they are treated with all kindness and gentleness, and
every effort is made to lead them into virtuous habits, and
restore them to society ; also a Chapel, which, besides con-
stituting a source of revenue to the institution of about
£200 a-year, after paying all its own expenses, affords the
valuable aid of a chaplain, devoted to the ministration and
instruction of the unfortunate patients and inmates.
^ Derives its name from the Loke, or Lock, in Kent-street, Southwark,
which was a lazar house from a very early period. The asylum was
founded, in 1787, by the venerable commentator, the Rev. Thomas Scott ;
it then occupied a building in immediate connexion with the old hospital,
in Grosvenor-place. lu 1842, on the expiration of tlie lease, it was re-
moved to its present site, and in 1848-49, enlarged as at present.
2 Nor is it to the profligate alone that the hospital opens its doors :
the most pitiable objects of its care, are those who are '• wholly free from
criminaUty in contracting the disease for which they seek relief. Dur-
ing the past year, thirty-three married women, and many helpless chil-
dren, have received cure." — Report, 1849.
99
LOCK HOSPITAL, jjptininiing il)i jFallfii. a.d. 1746
Valuable as are the operations of each of these, the insti-
tution must be taken as a whole, before the full extent of its
excellence can be realized ; and it must be borne in mind,
that although many similar "asylums" are described in these
pages, there is not one other in connexion with a hospital ;
but for this charity, therefore, such unfortunates as are suf-
fering from disease must lose all advantages offered to them
by any asylum or penitentiary ; these are necessarily shut
against the sick and dying outcast ; and for such there is no
complete refuge save "the Lock Hospital."
Both the hospital and asylum have recently been greatly
enlarged ; the governors had for many years maintained a
severe struggle to effect an extension of operations ; but
straightened means had hitherto proved an effectual draw-
back : endowment there is none — voluntary contributions
did not keep pace with their wishes. Early last year, how-
ever, the Duke of Cambridge gave the benefit of an auto- "^
graph appeal on its behalf, others joined cordially in the
effort, and the success attendant thereon enabled the go-
vernors to admit double the number of inmates. The
asylum is now rendered capable of permanently accommo-
dating 100, and the hospital about 60.
The following is a brief summary of the past year's
operations : — Hospital in-patients discharged cured, 330 ;
remaining in the hospital, 52 ; out-patients cured, 378 ; out-
patients under treatment, 65. Number of inmates in the
asylum but 35, the extended accommodation being only just
available.
The cash statement shows a total reliance for support
upon voluntary contributions for ^2,000 per annum, as, with
the exception of about J160 arising from the chapel, there
is no other available amount.
The qualification for a governor is £50 in one payment,
or 6 guineas annually, entitled to recommend and have one
patient in the house at a time ; 2 guineas annual, or 20
guineas donation, may recommend one in-patient and three
out annually.
So long as there is room in the hospital, no person abso-
lutely requiring admission is refused ; but none by any re-
commendation will be received a second time. y
President, the Duke of Cambridge. — Treasurers, Charles Hoare,
Esq. ; Benjamin Bond Cabbell, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. Thomas
Gamier. — Physician, Augustin Sayer, Esq., M.D. — Surgeons,
100
MAGDALEN HOSPITAL. CjlHlitifS fHX A.D. 1758
Edward Cutler, Esq. ; Samuel Lane, Esq. — Assistant-Surgeon,
Henry Lee, Esq. — Secretary, W. Irving Hare, Esq. — Matron,
Mrs. Clarkson. — Collector, Mr. James Bumingham, 13, Liver-
pool-street, King's-cross.
MAGDALEN HOSPITAL, St. Qeorge's-fields. Insti-
tuted 1758 — incorporated 1769. For the relief and reform-
ation of unfortunate females and penitent prostitutes, who
must apply for admission to the committee, between nine
and eleven, on the first Thursday in every month, by peti-
tion, furnished gratis to every woman who applies for it.
Admission is not granted during pregnancy or disease,
such being considered objects for other hospitals, and none
can be re-admitted who have once been dismissed for ill
conduct. The chaplain ^ is resident with his family at the
hospital, so that the inmates have the benefit of his undi-
vided care and attention ; every means are tried to recon-
cile the friends of those who have been deceived only, and
those also who promise amendment, and all who have be-
haved well in the house are discharged provided for.
The number of inmates at one time averages above 100 ;
admitted during the year, 115 ; total number admitted
since the hospital was established, 7,405 ; of whom 4,977
were restored to their friends, placed in service, or other
reputable and industrious situations ; 216 died, or were
afflicted with fits and other incurable disorders ; 1,2,36 left
at their own request ; 752 discharged from ill conduct ;
and 111 remain under care.
Three guineas per annum for five successive years, or ten
guineas at one time, constitute a governor. The state of
the funds is not published, but they are believed to be in a
prosperous position, and the funded property of considerable
extent.2
^ The chapel of the Magdalen Hospital is well attended : morning
service at 11 J ; evening, 7. A collection is made upon entering, for the
benefit of the hospital funds. Morning preacher, Rev. Joseph Soper,
B.A.; evening ditto. Rev. Thomas Marlgill.
2 Amongst the names of the earliest benefactors, occurs that of Oray-
chund, the black merchant of Calcutta. He bequeathed, between this and
the Foundling Hospitals, 37,500 current rupees, to be equally divided-
Unfortunately, however, "a portion only of this munificent legacy could
be extracted from the grasp of Huzzorimal, his executor, notwithstanding
the zealous interference of the Governor General (Warren Hastings) and
other eminent functionaries. — Brownloiv'» Memoranda"
101
LONDON FEMALE ^ElSilHillg tlfF ^KUBII.PENITENTIARYjISO?
President, Lord Skelmersdale. — Treasurer, Richard Baggallay,
Esq. — Chaplain and Secretary, Rev. Joseph Brackenbury. — Phy-
sician, Dr. Barlow. — Surgeons : William Coulson, Esq. ; John
Flint South, Esq.— Apothecary, William Perrin Brodribb, Esq. —
Solicitors : Henry Wordsworth, Esq. ; Thomas Dunn, Esq. — Ma-
tron, Mrs. Ann Champion Bourhill.
LONDON FEMALE PENITENTIARY^ PentonviUe-
hill. Established 1807. An asylum for females, who, having
deviated from the path of virtue, are desirous of being re-
stored, by religious instruction, and the formation of moral
and industrious habits, to a reputable condition in society.
The ladies' committee meet every Wednesday at eleven
o'clock, and receive personal applications. Previous to ad-
mission, it is required that a friend should undertake to
receive the female at the request of the committee, if she
become in any way disqualified to be an inmate, A person
from the country should bring such an undertaking with
her, and also a certificate of her parish settlement.
The average number of inmates is 98— at the present
time 100 ; 50 or 60 change during the year : thus, last year,
19 entered into service, 12 returned to their friends, 17 left
from unwillingness to stay longer, 5 removed to their pa-
rishes, and 3 died, or left ill.
Nearly half the amount necessary for their support is
met by the proceeds of the industry of the inmates in needle-
work and washing, amounting to ^1,049 per annum. The
dividends exceed ^400, and the remainder depends upon
voluntary support, amounting last year to ^905.
President, Earl of Chichester. — Treasurer, William Alers Han-
key, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev. Edward Craig, M.A.,
Bamsbury Park. — Apsley Pellatt, Esq., Falcon Glass Works,
Blackfriars'-road. — Physician, J. T. Conquest, M.D. — Oculist,
Martin Ware, Esq. — Consulting Surgeon, G-. G. Babington, Esq.
— Apothecary and Surgeon, Mr. Walter Griffith.— Matron, Mrs.
Cooper. — Assist. Secretary, Mr. James Leach, 12, President-street
East. — Collector, Mr. T. Pitts, 8, Melina-place, St. John's-wood.
GUARDIAN SOCIETY, Asylum, 12, North Side,
Bethnal-green. Established 1824. For the preservation of
^ Female penitentiaries. " All the remedial institutions of this class,
in the metropolis, taken together, provide for but 441 cases; while the
instances of prostitution are at least 30,000." — Quarterly Review, 1848. -
Vide extent oi present provision, page 96.
102
GUARDIAN, A.D, 1824. ChKrillPS fill FEMALE REFUGE, 1829
public morals, by providing a temporary asylum, with suit-
able employment, for females who have deviated from the
paths of virtue, and who have either been removed, by the
operation of the laws, from the public streets, or been awak-
ened by conscience to a sense of their guilt and danger.
The total number of females who have partaken of the
benefits of the institution is 2,090 ; of whom 588 have been
restored to their friends ; 494 placed in service, or satisfac-
torily provided for ; and 34 are now under the care of the
society.
The annual expenses are under ^1,000, which are indif-
ferently met by voluntary contributions, the work done by
inmates realises nearly £400, so that a slight increase of
subscriptions would be suflBcient, with what is now obtained ;
there is no funded property beyond a small amount of £300.
One guinea or upwards per annum, or 10 guineas in one
year, constitutes a member. The house committee meet
every Monday, at half-past 5 o'clock, at the asylum ; the
ladies' committee on Fridays, at 11 o'clock.
President, The Lord Mayor. — Treasurer, John Labouchere,
Esq. — Physician, J. T. Conquest, M.D. — Surgeon, Samuel Byles,
Esq. — Honorary Chaplain, Rev. J. E. Keene, M.A. — Honorary
Secretary, Thomas Natt, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. James Brown, 29,
Southampton-street, Strand. — Collector, Mr. B, G. Burrows, 34,
Exmouth-street, Spafields.
BRITISH PENITENT FEMALE REFUGE, Cam-
bridge-heath, Hackney. Instituted 1829. The design of
this society is to afford protection to innocent females who
may be exposed to imminent temptation and danger, as well
as others who have fallen ; who are admitted into the insti-
tution, and suitably employed and religiously instructed,
with a view to fit them for useful service.
This asylum accommodates above 40 inmates at a time ;
during the course of a year, 80 partake of its benefits :
thus, in the past twelve months, 14 have been placed in
service, 15 restored to their friends, 3 left from ill health,
and 3 from inclination, and 45 are now in the asylum. From
the last cash statement, there appears to be an income of
j£l,500 per annum, which, with the exception of dividends
£Q, and work done by inmates £264, is derived from volun-
tary contributions ; this amount is sufficient to cover all
disbursements.
103
FEMALE AID Upriaimmg tljt l^alkn. societies, 1835-6
One pound annually or upwards, or 10 guineas donation,
constitutes a member.
President, Earl Mountcashel. — Physician, Dr. Duesbnry. —
Consulting Surgeon, H. Gavin, Esq. — Surveyor, George Mali-
phant, Esq. — Banker, Robert Davies, Esq. — Treasurer, John
Dobie, Esq., 2, Raymond-buildings.— Secretary, Rev. J. Glanville,
Cambridge-heath, Hackney. — Collector, Mr. G. Cordelier, 8,
Assembly-row, Mile-end-road. — Matron, Miss Harris.
LONDON SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF
Young Females ; office, 28, New Broad-street ; asylum,
Tottenham. Established 1835. This charity has for its
objects the suppressing, by law, those houses which en-
courage juvenile prostitution, the punishing procurers and
procuresses, and the protecting their unhappy victims. Since
the society was established, 326 infamous houses have been
suppressed, and 472 females, under 15 years of age, rescued
from destruction, most of whom have been restored to their
friends, or placed in respectable service. A large house has
been taken at Tottenham, at which 70 young females, under
15 years of age, are now clothed, boarded, and educated, and
there is room for 30 more, so soon as funds wUl allow.
Strenuous efforts are made from time to time, in con-
nexion with kindred societies, to obtain acts of parliament
to facilitate the means of suppressing so great an abomina-
tion as is trading in prostitution, and secure the just punish-
ment of the offender. It may fairly be presumed that, as by
degrees, these desirable measures are obtained from the legis-
lature, an effectual check will be opposed to the crime, and
many of its attendant ramifications of evil.
The expenses exceed .£2,000 a-year ; but the whole amount
is defrayed by the voluntary receipts, upon which the insti-
tution entirely depends.
Bankers, Messrs. Hankeys. — ^Treasurer, J. Laughton, Esq. —
Honorary Physician, Richard Bright, Esq., M.D. — Honorary Sur-
geons : J. G. Sparke, Esq. ; Henry Hammond, Esq. — Secretary,
Mr. J. B. Talbot. — Honorary Surveyor, F. Barlow, Esq.
FEMALE AID SOCIETY} 20, Red Lion-square. Es-
tablished 1836, under the title of the " London Female
^ Originally, the main object was the reclamation and restoration of
the fallen ; and, subsidiary to that, the protection of the friendless but
virtuous: now, however, the objects are reversed, and the operations are
directed in extent corresponding to the relative claims of the two classes, and
the proportionate usefulne!>s that may reasonably be hoped to be effected.
104
TEMALB AID SOCIETY, CljiintifS Ut A.D. 1836
Mission," by which designation it has long been known.
The labours of the society now embrace two distinct and
important objects— ^rsf, the protection of young females of
good character ; and secondly, the reformation of poor out-
casts, who evince a sincere desire to forsake their miserable
course of life. To carry out these objects the following esta-
V blishments have been founded, which are under the direc-
tion and support of this society, and must not be mistaken,
by similarity of title, for kindred but distinct institutions :
Home for Friendless Toung Females of Good Character,
17, New Ormond-street. Here about 30 inmates are ad-
mitted at a moderate charge weekly, carefully instructed,
and trained for service suitable for each : in the course of
last year 98 were thus cared for, and provided with situa-
tions. Matron, Mrs. Stephens.
Home and Registry for Female Servants, 5, Millman-street,
Bedford-row. A similar institution, for servants out of place,
where they may have all the benefits of a good home for a
like payment ; the number of servants admitted as lodgers
during the year is 180, and the number supplied with situa-
tions 297. Superintendent, Miss Knight.
Home for Penitent Females, 57, White Lion-street. Admits
any penitent destitute case : the number of inmates at one
time, averages 56 ; admitted in the course of a year, 198.
Of these, the report does not give a very favourable account
for the past year ; it appears that " 39 left at their own re-
quest, 49 were dismissed, 43 remained only a few days, 30
were restored to their friends, 27 sent to hospitals, &c., and
1 married." Matron, Mrs. Kemp.
The last-mentioned is described in the report " as free
and open to the most friendless" ; but there is an item in
the cash account of " cash received for paid cases, X74 19s."
The other homes are also, in part, supported by payments
as before stated, also by the produce of needle and laundry-
work ; the total amount from these several sources was,
last year, £940, and voluntary contributions to the support
of the society generally £1,950.
Treasurer, Henry Pownall, Esq. — Honorary Chaplains of the
Home for Penitent Females : Rev. W. Short, M.A. ; Rev. W. L.
Faulkner, M.A. — Assistant Chaplain, Rev. J. G. Heisch. — Hono-
rary Physician, Isaac Pidduck, Esq., M.D. — Honorary Secretary
and Sub-Treasurer, W. G. M'Kellar, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Theo-
105
FEMALE PENITENT UHlaillUlIg ti|B l^allfa. ASYLUMS, 1837-8
philus Smith, 20, Red-lion-square. — Collector, Mr. A. W. Stone,
1, Fitzroy-street, Fitzroy-square. — Bankers, Messrs. Bamett,
Hoares, and Co.
*^* For InstitiUions offering Homes to Servants, vide
chapter VII.
WESTMINSTER AND NORTH-WEST LONDON
Penitent Female Asylum, Weston House, Weston-street, St.
Pancras. EstabKshed 1837. For the reception of a limited
number of penitent females, who are instructed in religious
truths, and in the usual branches of a domestic service,
with a view to restoration to their friends, or placed out in
respectable situations. Since its establishment 237 inmates
have been received, 76 of whom have been provided with
situations and 36 restored to their friends ; the present num-
ber in the asylum is 36.
The annual income exceeds ^700 a-year ; arising from
voluntary contributions, with the exception of £200 realised
by work ; the expenses are within this amount, but increased
funds are required.
President, Sir W. F. Farqnhar, Bart. — Treasurer, Mr. J. Brew-
ster. — Honorary Secretaries : Lieutenant Blackmore, R.N. ; Mr.
J. R. Kilpin. — Assistant Secretary and Collector, Mr. B. Butler,
262, Oxford-street.
ST. MARTLEBONE FEMALE PENITENTIARY
Society, asylum, 11, Queen Charlotte-row, New Road. In-
stituted 1838. Its object is to promote the spiritual and
temporal interests of unhappy females who have deviated
from the paths of virtue, by providing a temporary refuge,
with suitable instruction and employment, in order to their
ultimate restoration to society. This society can receive
into its asylum 21 women, but, it is represented, contemplates
more extended usefulness, if funds can be obtained for that
purpose. Its internal afiairs are managed by a committee
of lad^i^ and it is also under the direction of a gentlemen's
committee, who meet monthly, or oftener if required ; no
printed report, it is stated, has been published for two or
three years, the funds being in a depressed state.
Treasurer, John Deacon, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. C.
Haselden.- — Honorary Physician, John Gihbs, Esq. — Honorary
Surgeon, A. A. H. Lattey, Esq.^ — Secretary, Mr. Tisoum, 9, Grove-
street, Lisson-grove. — Bankers, Sir Claude Scott and Co.
106
FEMALE PROTECTION CjlHlitiBS fill SOCIETIES, A.D. 1841-43
THE SOUTH LONDON INSTITUTION for the Pro-
tection and Reformation of Females, and for the Suppres-
sion and Prevention of Vice, Gloucester House, Lock's-fields,
Walworth. Established 1841. Affords, primarily, an asylum
for females who may be desirous of abandoning a course of
vice ; training them in habits of religion and virtue ; and
has also for its objects the employing measures for the sup-
pression of vice and incitements to immorality, the esta-
blishing of homes and registries for female servants of good
character, and affording the means to deserving females of-
procuring situations ; also, of employing agents in the seve-
ral localities, under the direction of the clergy and local
committee : it being a distinct principle of the society, that
the religious instruction, which it is their main object to
impart, shall be in strict accordance with the doctrines and
discipline of the Established Church.
The laundry labour of the inmates, by the last report,
yielded more than ^400 a-year ; notwithstanding which the
funds are so depressed, that the committee have been obliged
to sell their stock, and reduce their inmates from 34 to 24,
until their income improves ; the present amount is under
£900 altogether.
One guinea annually, or 10 guineas or upwards at one
payment, constitutes members of the society.
President, Bishop of Winchester. — Honorary Chaplain, Rev. C.
Mackenzie, A.M. — Honorary Physician, H. M. Hughes, M.D. —
Honorary Surgeon, C. CoUambell, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Wil-
liams and Deacon. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev. C. Mackenzie,
Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, St. Olave's, Southwark ;
David Couty, Esq., 10, Newington-causeway, Southwark. — Col-
lector, Mr. L. Smith, 9, Broad-street, Horsleydown.
THE ASSOCIATE INSTITUTION for Improving
and Enforcing the Laws for the Protection of Women, 5,
Upper Charles-street, Parliament-street. Instituted 1843.
Formed by the co-operation of the different institutions for
the protection and reformation of women before referred to,
in order to obtain a stringent act of parliament upon the
subject.
The society has met with much opposition both within
and out of parliament, upon the plea that the object aimed
^^ at should be accomplished rather by moral than by legal
means, and a great deal from those who maintain that the
evils endeavoured to be overcome are necessary evils. The
107
BRIDEWELL IRrfflniimg CrimJiialg. hospital, 1553
society also, in their last report, assert " the system of pro-
curation, &c., is shielded by invisible patronage ; which has
hitherto baffled all their efforts and all the energies of their
friends in both houses of Parliament". During last year,
the society was, however, enabled to achieve their object, in
part, by the passing of the act in July — " To protect women
from fraudvlent practices for procuring their ruin"; and
this act it is their present aim to enforce and. carry out.i
The present income arises wholly from voluntary contri-
butions, and amounts to nearly £1,000 per annum.
Bankers, Messrs. Couttsand Co. — Treasurer, B. Bond Cabbell,
Esq., M.P. — Honorary Solicitors, Messrs. Dean, Leeka, and Red-
path, 13, St. Swithin's-lane. — Secretary, Mr. H. J. Newman. —
Travelling Secretary, Mr. J. Harding. — Agent, Mr. J. Evenden.
BRIDEWELL HOSPITAL, Bridge-street, Blackfriars.
Founded by Edward VI.2 The charter of this hospital was
granted to bestow on the city a prison, for the purpose of
confining prisoners sentenced by the Lord Mayor or City
Aldermen ; the other object of the charter was the institu-
tion of arts' masters and their apprentices ; but when me-
chanics were spread over the kingdom, the utility of this
part of the institution became of less value, and the go-
vernors, as far as was consistent with the charter, made that
institution a school of general education : this is now termed
the House of Occupation, and is situated in St. George's-
fields, near Bethlem Hospital, where the honest and indus-
trious poor, and especially the young, are being instructed in
useful trades ; and the great objects of moral reform, as con-
templated by the original charter, are provided for on an
enlarged scale.
The number of persons remaining in the " house" at one
time, is generally about 200 ; and the number discharged in
the course of the year, averages 70, of whom the most satis-
factory accounts, as represented by the governors, are re-
ceived, respecting their future progress and conduct.3
1 Act 12 and 13 Victoria, cap. 76.— 28th July, 1849.
Bridewell Hospital. Vide remarks at coramencement of chapter p. 96.
^ Bridewell was originally the name of a royal palace of King John,
near Fleet-ditch; it was huilt anew hy Henry VIII inlo52, and bestowed
on the City by Edward VI, in 1653. " It derives its name from the ori-
ginal foundation being adjacent to Bride's Well." — Haydn.
3 Mr. Dixon, in his recent work upon the London prisons, speaks of
108
BRIDEWELL Cjiarife tUX HOSPITAL, A.D. 1553
The affairs of the hospital are governed by the same com-
mittee that manage Bethlem Hospital, to which it is united,
as one of the royal hospitals of the city of London. The
conimittee meet every Friday. The returns for the past year
are as follow : — Commitments by the Lord Mayor and Alder-
men as criminal or disorderly persons, 1,016 ; apprentices
sent by the Chamberlain for solitary confinement, 28 ; poor
persons committed for wandering abroad and begging, 274 ;
total, 1,318.
President, Sir Peter Laurie. — Treasurer, John E. Johnson*
Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Poynder, M.A.— Surgeon, Wil-
liam Lawrence, Esq. — Superintendent, Captain Adams. — Clerk,
B. Welton, Esq. — Solicitor, R. Still, Esq. — Superintendent to House
of Occupation, Mr. Joseph Myall. — Steward, Mr. N. Nicholls. —
Matron of the Hospital, Mrs. P. Holland. — Matron of the House
of Occupation, Mrs. E. Simpson.
Bridewell prison in terms of unqualified disapprobation as a prison for
criminals ; and affords another testimony to Howard's assertion, even in
this our own day, that (such) prisons are but universities of crime ; he
sums up by exclaiming : " Three months' imprisonment here is enough
to ruin any child for life ; the boy must have powerful elements of
good in him, who can leave it no worse for ninety days' contact with its
contaminations." How refreshing then is it, when giving the results of
an examination of this " House of Occupation," he thus describes its de-
tails ; — and as the evidence of an impartial visitor, it cannot be deemed
out of place here : — " If anything could atone for the faults of the City
Bridewell, it would be this institution. The majority of its scholars
have not been in prison, the minority have, — in the Bridewell. Children
who are idle, unruly, disposed to be troublesome to the community, are
educated and instructed in a trade, and are placed in situations, or per-
mitted to go home to their parents, on the latter making proper applica-
tion. The instruction given to them is sound and practical ; the disci-
pline enforced, strict, but not rigid ; and the general results, highly
successful. The boys are taught trades ; at present there is one or more
learning each of these useful employments — engineering, painting, tailor-
ing, shoemaking, masonry, brewing, baking, carpentery, ragmaking, rope-
making. The girls are being taught every species of domestic art, and
great care taken with their minds; they are said to make admirable
domestic servants, and very rarely indeed does one turn out ill. They are
in great request, there being usually from twelve to twenty applications
for servants on the books of the institution."
The magistrates have the power of removing from Bridewell to this
House of Occupation ; and by this change of scene, this removal from old
haunts, old comrades, and old temptations, hundreds of poor boys are
placed in a position for becoming useful and productive, instead of dan-
109
PHILANTHROPIC Hrfflmiiiig Criniiiials. society, a.d. itbs
PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETY, Redstone-hill,^ near
Reigate, Surrey. Instituted 1788. lacorporated 1806.
The object of this society, when existing in St. George's-
fields, was to prevent and diminish crime, by receiving
within its walls, and instructingjn the knowledge of Chris-
tianity and the practice of a useful branch of industry,
the destitute offspring of convicted felons who have been
sentenced to death or transportation ; and boys, themselves
gerous and expensive members of society. We agree with Mr. DizoD,
— " would that we had more such institutions !"
Strictly speaking, these two establishments are not comprehended in
the intention of our work ; but, desirous of avoiding the omission of any-
thing that it may with reason be consulted for, they are inserted, partak-
ing so much as they do of the character of " Penitentiaries and Schools
of Reform."
MILLBANK PRISON [late) GENERAL PENITENTIARY,
Millbank. Established ISl 6. An establishment originally for the reforma-
tion and employment of persons convicted of minor offences, but now
used as a temporary depot for convicts, previous to their consignment to
the various government penitentiaries and dock yards. In the course of
the year, from 4 to 5,000 prisoners pass through, and the average num-
ber of inmates at one time is 1,500 The outer wall encloses no less
than 18 acres of ground ; and the corridors in which the cells are situate,
are nearly three miles in length ; it is fitted up with a chapel, infir-
mary, etc. The whole is under the superintendence of a committee
appointed by government. .A.n order from the secretary of state is requi-
site to see the interior.
Secretary, R. C. Dawson, Esq. — Governor, Captain John R. Groves.
— Chaplain, Rev. J. Penney. — -\ssistant Chaplain, Rev. Richard Yer-
burgh. — Medical Superintendent, William Baly, M.D. — Resident Sur-
geon, James D. Rendle, Esq. — Steward, Mr. Thomas Rickford. — Chief
Clerk, Mr. Charles Forster. — Clerk to Manufactories, Mr. M. Day.
MODEL PRISON, Peutonville. Established 1843. For the de-
tention of persons remanded from police offices, and awaiting trials. The
prison contains 1,000 separate cells, for the purpose of keeping prisoners
entirely apart. The inmates are taught useftil trades ; and the cost of
each person is about los. a-week. The total expense of the building was
^£84,168 Us. 2d. The first stone was laid April 10, 1840.
Commissioners : Duke of Richmond ; Earl of Devon ; Earl of Chi-
chester ; Sir W. Molesworth ; B. Hawes, Esq. ; Lieut Col. W. Jebb ;
Capt. O'Brien ; H. P. V'oules, Esq. — Secretary, W. H. Weaver, Esq. —
Governor, Robert Hosking, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. Joseph RingsmilL- -
Steward and Manufacturer, Mr. W. Gibbs.
^ For upwards of 60 years in St. George's-fields, where it was insti-
tuted 1788 ; incorporated 1806. The farewell anniversary meeting was
held at the old institution, October 28, 1849.
no
BRITISH ladies' CljSriliPS ffll SOCIETY, A.D. 1821
guilty of oiFending the laws. These same objects are still
held in view, but carried out by employing the lads at
the Farm School, Red-hill. The chief purpose in this
change appears to be to afford them a training more adapted
for useful and acceptable emigrants. The committee state,
in their farewell address to the London establishment : "they
had to choose between the gradual extinction of the charity,
and the remodelling or establishing it upon a different sys-
tem ; they have felt, therefore, they should best carry out
the views of its founders, by instituting the important ex-
periment now attempted."
Juvenile offenders who are eligible as to health, age, <fec.,
can be placed in the Society's Reform School on payment of
.£16 per annum, or of a donation of .£21, from parties in-
terested in their reformation, if there is no vacancy on the
free list.
Twenty guineas paid at one time, or a subscription of
1 guinea or more annually, constitutes the subscriber a
member.
President, the Duke of Richmond. — Treasurer, William Glad-
stone, Esq., 7, Austin Friars. — Resident Chaplain and Secretary,
Rev. Sidney Turner. — Physician, Dr. G. H. Barlow. — Consulting
Surgeon, Edward Cock, Esq. — Steward, Mr. James Dingle. — Col-
lector, Mr. S. G. Watson.
SOCIETY FOR THE IMPRO VEMENT OF PRISON
Discipline and Reformation of Juvenile Offenders. Founded
1815. The main objects of this society have long since been
attained ; it was the organ of much of the exertions of Mr.
Buxton, Mrs. Fry, and others ; and many of the improve-
ments in prison discipline, over the abuses existing at the
commencement of the century, may be justly traced to its
operation.
Until within the past few years it was still in operation,
to a limited extent, with an office at 27, Surrey-street, Strand.
This address is still retained, but no information whatever is
afforded, or the slightest clue where the same may be ob-
tained ; consequently the inference must be drawn, that vir-
tually, at least, its operations are suspended.
THE BRITISH LADIES SOCIETY, Friends' Meet-
ing-house, St. Martin's-lane, Charing-cross. Established
ISiil.i For promoting the reformation of female prisoners.
1 How sadly the need must have been felt for institutions of this cha-
racter, abnut the time of its establishment, may be gathered from the fol-
lowing extract of a Parliamentary report of 1814, respecting the ful-
•"
m
BEPVGE FOE THE ^Rrfntming Criminals. destitute, isss
This is attempted by the ladies frequently visiting them whilst
in prison, and imparting to them moral and religious instruc-
tion. In connexion with this society there are many local
associations, in various parts of the kingdom, all communi-
cating with the parent society ; and very much good is
doubtless effected by these means, in a quiet unostentatious
manner, and at little expense, being effected mostly by the
devoted exertions of the ladies engaged. Cases holding out
a prospect of reformation, have it often confirmed by their
removal, at the instance of the sub-committee, to the " Refuge
for the Destitute," or other schools of reform. The whole
amount of expenses scarcely exceed ,£300, and depend on
voluntary contributions, with the exception of about J50
dividends.
Treasurers : Lady Buxton ; Miss Wood. — Bankers : Messrs.
Williams and Co. ; Messrs. Couy^, and Co.— Secretaries : Miss
Fry, Plashet, Essex ; Miss Robarts, Burnet, Herts ; Miss Forster,
Tottenham. — Collector, Mr. C. Gordelier, 92, Fenchurch-street.
REFUGE FOR THE DESTITUTE, Manor House, K^
Dalston. Founded 1804 ; incorporated 1838. For the moral
and religious reformation of female criminals ; until lately
in the Hackney-road.' By combining kindness of treat-
ment with strictness of discipline, and habits of unremitting
industry with constant moral and religious instruction, the
committee of management have produced the happiest results
amongst the young women who are the objects of their care ;
and as many as 2100 have experienced its benefits. Since
the removal of the establishment here, buildings have been
erected for carrying on the industrial occupations. The house
is arranged to accommodate 40 inmates, and it is proposed
filinent of the chaplain's duties, in retnm for an income of £300 a-year.
They are thus described : — " Beyond his attendance in chapel and on
those who are sentenced to death, Dr. feels but few duties attached
to his office ; he knows nothing of the state of morah in the prison ; he
never saw any of the prisoners in private ; though 14 boys and girls,
from 9 to 13 years old, were there on an average in April last ; he does not
consider attention to them as part of his duty ; he never knows that any
have been sick till he gets a warning to attend their funeral; and does
not go to the infirmary, for it is not in his instructions."
^ Until within the past year consisted of two distinct establishments,
the male refuge at Hoxton, the female at Hackney. In consequence of
the withdrawal of the government grant of J3,000 per annum, the former
has been abandoned, and the latter removed as above.
The following interesting returns, furnished by the respective chap-
112
FEMALE PHILANTHROPIC CjfHntiPS ffll A.D. 1822
soon to extend this for 50 or 60 more. In the present state
of the establishment, it is difficult to arrive at the income ;
but the whole amount required for the extended operations,
to be raised from voluntary contributions, may be stated at
^1,000 ; the remaining expenses being met by the present
dividends and the work of the inmates.
One guinea annual, or 10 guineas at one time, or within
a year, constitutes a Governor.
President, the Marquis of Lansdowne. — Treasurer, Edward
Forster, Esq. — Chaplain and Secretary, Rev. Samuel Cutler
Hooley. — Physician, Frederick Cobb, M.D. — Surgeon, William
Jones Lewis, Esq. — Solicitors, Messrs. Dunn and Wordsworth. —
Mistress Superintendent, Mrs. Francis.
ROYAL FEMALE PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETY,^
Manor Hall, Little Chelsea, Fulham-road. Instituted 1822.
Office, 19, Lincoln's-inn-fields, For the reformation of female
prisoners, and to affiard protection to those who, destitute of
a home on being released from confinement, and without a
refuge, are in danger of adopting their old courses.
The asylum is divided into three wards ; the first is for
young persons who have committed their first act of disho-
nesty, but are not otherwise depraved ; the second, an inter-
mediate class, who have been discharged for dishonesty from
their situations, but have not undergone the ordeal of a
gaol ; the third class is for the ignorant and destitute who
lains of the following metropolitan prisons, show that no less than 7,000
females are annually discharged from them alone. What an evidence in
favour of the continuance, upon an extended scale, of the henefits of this
excellent Refuge, as well as of the succeeding Philantliropic Society.
House of Correction, Cold -bath-fields • , . 2078
„ „ Westminster .... 2446
„ „ Brixton . . . .970
Giltspur-street Compter . . . . . .811
Horsemonger-lane Gaol ...... 437
Bridewell Hospital . . • . . . 461
7193
^ Tliis institution was originated under the title of " The Westminster
Asylum," founded by Miss Neave, aided by the late Mrs. Fry ; in 1837
it was removed to the present asylum, as" The Royal Asylum for Desti-
tute Females," and last year altered to its present designation. The fund
lately attached to this institution as the " Elizabeth Fry memorial," con-
templates, when brought into operation, " the temporary reception of
every destitute discharged female prisoner."
113
sheriffs' Fuyp. Hrfnntiing CrnnmaJs. a.d. isos
have never been amenable to the laws. These several classes
are placed under the care of a matron and four assistants,
by whom they are taught and actively employed in needle-
work, washing, cooking, and other household work. The time
of detaining the inmates depends on circumstances ; the
usual time allowed for probation is two years. The establish-
ment is capable of accommodating 50 inmates ; and since its
establishment, 749 females have been received: and now
that the Philanthropic Society has removed from St. George's-
fields, there is but one institution of the same character in
the neighbourhood of the metropolis. The whole amount of
expenditure is ^1,200 per annum, and the present income
about £900, of which £360 is raised by the labour of the
inmates. Through the exertions of a few individuals, the
recent debt of about .£600 has been discharged ; and £400
further has been collected as the nucleus of the larger fund
required to secure the permanence of the institution. Non-
subscribers may recommend an inmate on payment of one
guinea, and the friends of the young person, if able, are ex-
pected to contribute a small sum weekly for her support.
Patron, the Queen. — Treasurer, Miss Neave, Thurlow-lodge,
Clapham. — Hon. Secretary, James Beaumont, Esq., 19, Lincoln's-
inn-fields. — Hon. Chaplain, Kev. Wm. Cadman.
SHERIFFS' FUND, Sessions House, Old Bailey.
Founded 1808. Chiefly for the assistance of those persons
who, urged by distress, have erred from the paths of honesty,
and are discharged at the end of each session, or after short
terms of imprisonment ; when, without some aid, they would
be driven to the commission of fresh crimes; — to afford to
others who have conducted themselves well during their
confinement a conveyance home to their relatives and friends
at a distance, and thereby enable them to quit the metro-
polis before they are again tempted to commit crime ; — also
to supply female convicts, sent abroad, with a few necessaries,
and some means of employment during the voyage.
Considerable assistance to emigrate has been rendered to
young female prisoners upon their release, and, from fre- '
quent information received, with the happiest results ; these
facilities are likewise extended to debtors. The fund, which
is distributed under the fostering care of the sheriffs for the
time being, is mainly supported by the benevolent ; and in
consequence of the jurisdiction of the Central Criminal Court
8
114
Cjiaritirs fnr rrfnnning Crimiolg.
over the populous parts of the counties of Essex, Kent, and
Surrey, in addition to the city of London and the county of
Middlesex, the claims upon its bounty are materially in-
creased.
A subscription of 1 guinea annually, or 10 guineas in one
donation, constitutes a member. The committee meet the
first Monday of every sessions.
Presidents, the Sheriffs for the time being. — Treasurer, J. K.
Hooper, Esq., Alderman. — Honorary Secretary, Rev. J. Davis. —
Bankers, Bank of England.
115
ll?in;iting tti^ Drstitnte. remarks.
CHAPTER VI.
CHARITIES FOR THE RELIEF OF THE
DESTITUTE AND DISTRESSED.
Institutions affording immediate Food and Shelter. — The Mendicity. —
The Nightly Shelters for the Houseless. — The contemplated Sama-
ritan Society. — Coal, Bread, and Soup Societies. — Institutions for
visiting, investigating, and relieving the Necessitous. — The Strangers'
Friend. — The General District Visiting Society. — The New General
Association. — Local Visiting Societies.
A STRANGER to London destitution — one ignorant of the ex-
tent of its poor, the importunity of its mendicants, and the
variety of their impositions, would gaze almost with astonish-
ment at the comprehensive character of the institutions
whose objects and operations are detailed in this chapter.
But, on the other hand, suited as they are to the peculiar
necessities of this great city, and successfully as many of
them undoubtedly cope with a large measure of its distress,
yet their very existence must often appear as apocryphal, to
those who have the daily evidence of our streets before them.
The exertions to relieve metropolitan distress, and to detect
the undeserving, are, in truth, very extensive, and their ope-
rations beneficial : but if the supply is good, so, exceeding
great is the need.
The Jirst class of these institutions have respect to the
immediate relief of the casual destitute ; they who meet you
with such tales of misery and want, that you feel it hardly
human to pass without yoxir modicum of alms, and yet who
excite within you such a feeling of mistrust, that you doubt,
when bestowing the solicited gratuity, whether you are not
116
Cjiarife fnr
assisting to maintain a relief, as injurious in its system as it
is demoralizing in its results : in fact, deep as the distress of
many of those whom we daily meet undoubtedly is, yet the
disclosures of imposition occur so constantly, that there must
exist in the mind of every man the hesitation, when relieving
a beggar, " whether he is ferf arming an act of mercy, or per-
petrating a crime" : and there would be a far larger amount
given in casual relief — few indeed would, we believe, be
solicited in vain — but for this reluctance to be deceived,
this hesitation to afford premiums to idleness. WhUst draw-
ing attention to the charitable objects of these institutions,
we can scarcely be accused by the most enthusiastic advo-
cate of eleemosynary relief, of being indifferent to distress
or opposed to the exercise of charity; and it is with the
simple desire of representing how adapted they are to be the
almoners of even casual bounty, that these few remarks are
premised ; and it is to afford their details a practical bearing
upon the distress to be relieved, that we thus divide them.
The seco7id class will be found to consist of such as investi-
gate and relieve the distressed at their own homes, according
to their relative merits.
The assistance of charities of i\iQ first class, forms the de-
sirable resource of the destitute ; the second c\a,3s, of those suf-
fering under the temporary pressures of misfortune. The
former cases of distress are chiefly casual, wandering, and
mixed with more or less of the character of mendicancy ; the
latter local, uncomplaining, and oftener deserving.
Both classes of institutions are equally deserving the sup-
port of the benevolent : the former represented by such as
the Mendicity Society, and the various dep6ts for food and
shelter ; the latter, by the Strangers' Friend, and the com-
bined Associations for promoting parochial and local dis-
trict visiting.
1st. Respecting the Mendicity Society, it will be seen
that its objects are two-fold — the immediate relief with food
of every person applying to them holding a ticket, which is
far better to give to the really distressed than alms ; also
the investigation of every case of distress sent to them for
inquiry by subscribers, and reporting on its merits. As re-
gards this provision for the casual distressed, can any plan
be conceived more systematic and comprehensive 1 We com-
mend it, as well as the kindred societies for affording shelter
and food, to the best consideration of the charitable.
117
2nd. The Strangers' Friend Society, the oldest institu-
tion of the kind, the local visiting societies, and the excel-
lent Association, of later date, for combining their operations
and enhancing their efficiency, next come under considera-
tion ; and whether they are regarded as distinct and separate
efforts upon behalf of the distressed of their respective loca-
lities, or whether as parts of a valuable system, based upon
our parochial organization, they equally demand general
support. Certainly they have this peculiar claim upon us
over others, that, instead of assisting the more obtrusive and
clamorous, and leaving the sensitive and retiring to their
fate, these seek out, in the spirit of the Church of England
Liturgy, " to succour, help, and comfort, all that are in
danger, necessity, or tribulation" ; and this in the true
spirit of charity, irrespective of creed or sect ; upon the
large catholic principle of Christian love.
In affording contributions to funds of this character, the
benevolent will do well to draw one distinction between the
claims of parent societies, like the "Strangers' Friend" and
the "District Visiting Association" — and that of local so-
cieties : in the latter case, such districts as are densely popu-
lated and require aid should be selected for assistance ; for,
although as a general rule it may be argued that each indi-
vidual should contribute to his own local society, it will not
always be just implicitly to adhere to it, unless the relative
proportions of wealth and poverty were the same in all dis-
tricts ; and it being notoriously the reverse, the charitable
of Belgravia must help the funds of Bethnal-green. This, in
our humble opinion, is a great constituent motive for gene-
rously supporting the parent societies ; as they, in their turn,
assist the local funds according to proportionate need.
The charities described in this chapter may thus be sum-
med up : —
14 of a general character, with three excep-
tions all established within the last forty
years ; 12 of which are in active opera-
tion, with an aggregate annual income of £23,880
Including from voluntary contributions . £20,646
Besides which, 7 are selected merely as ex-
amples of local charities for similar pur-
118
THE MENDICITY CljHrifeS fol SOCIETY, A.D. 1818
SOCIETY FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF MEN-
DICITY, 13, Red Lion-square. Established 1818. For the
purpose of checking the practice of public mendicity, by
putting the laws in force against impostors who adopt it as
a trade, and affording immediate assistance to those who are
in real distress. The plan of the institution consists in the
issue of printed tickets, to be given to street-beggars instead
of money ; which tickets refer them to the society's office,
where their cases are investigated,^ and such immediate relief
granted as may appear desirable. One guinea annually,
constitutes a member, entitled to one hundred tickets for
distribution in the course of the year.
A system of inquiry into the merits of persons who are in
the habit of begging by letter, has been incorporated with
the society's proceedings ; and subscriptions of 2 guineas
per annum, or donations of 20 guineas and upwards at one
time, entitle to refer such letters to the office for investiga-
tion, it being understood that the eventual grant of relief
rests with the subscriber sending the case.
The annual expenditure in relief is betAveen ^2,000 and
£3,000. The number of cases of mendicancy investigated last
year was 1,161, about the average ; the number of vagrants
committed, 979 ; the number of begging letters investigated
and reported upon, 6,747, under the average ; and the num-
ber of meals given, 148,661. The whole amount of income is
under £5,000 a-year, derived from voluntary contributions,
with the exception of £70 dividends, and about £130 from
work.
President, the Mairquis of Westminster. — Treasurer, Samuel
Bosanquet, Esq. — Assistant Manager, Capt. J. F. L. Wood, R.N., at
the Society's house, Red Lion-square.^ — Hon. Solicitor, William
Tooke, Esq.— Collector, Mr. Bumingham. — Chief Constable, Mr.
William Horsford. — Chief Clerk, Mr. J. Hemment.
^ From the great and increasing number of applicants for the relief of
this charity, the Committee have found it necessary recently to pass a law
limiting it to such as have been in London at least six months ; the im-
mediate effect of this being to prevent an accession of beggars from Ireland
and the provinces.
2 Capt. Wood's predecessor, Mr. T. L. Knevitt, lost his life in the ser-
vice of the Society, in 1848, from typhus fever, together with five other
officers of the Society ; as mentioned in last report.
119
THE NIGHTLY HrliBfliHg tlj2 DBStitllfe. SHELTERS, 1822
THE NIGHTL Y SHELTER TO THE HO USELESS,
75, Old Broad-street. Established 1822. The object of this
charity is to afford nightly shelter to the houseless, and tem-
porary relief to the destitute during the winter. The central
asylum for the houseless poor is in Playhouse-yard, White-
cross-street ; the eastern asylum, in Glasshouse-street, East
Smithfield.i These asylums are generally open for reception
early in January to the end of March : during that time last
season, 27,987 nights' lodgings, and 89,933 rations of bread,
were afforded to 7,584 individuals, in the central asylum, at
a cost of about £770 : 22,772 lodgings, and 94,100 rations, to
7,292 persons, at the second asylum, costing about ^600.
The late western asylum, in Ogle-street, Marylebone, was
not opened last season.2 On Sundays, there is Divine Service
at each asylum twice, and every attention is paid to the com-
fort of the poor inmates, as far as practicable. The funds,
however, are represented as in a failing state, the funded
stock having fallen from ^10,000 to ^3,500. The amount of
voluntary contributions average at the present time £1,500
per annum.
President, the Lord Mayor. — Treasurer, John Labouchere, Esq.
— Chairmen of the diflferent Boards : C. W. Hicks, Wm. Edwards,
Thomas Roberts, and Nathaniel Gould, Esqrs.
WEST-END NIGHTLY REFUGE for the HOUSE-
LESS, 60, Market-street, Paddington. Commenced, 1838, as
a private speculation ; but by the energy of its management
and extent of usefulness, has attained considerable claims
upon the benevolent, and is now under the direction of a
committee. The refuge remains open throughout the winter,
commencing each 1st of December, and is nominally for the
accommodation of 200 ; but during great part of the season
this is increased to nearly 300, it being impossible some nights
to limit the number without rejecting many, at a risk of their
^ The East London Model Lodging-house is unconnected in manage-
ment with this society, hut consists of this asylum when " closed for the
season"; women and children are then received at the charge of Id.
nightly. Mr. Robert Bowie, jun., manager. Office for tickets, 6, Wine-
ofBce-court, Fleet-street.
^ The parochial authorities having opened such an asylum under the
provisions of the Act 7th and 8th Victoria, c. 101, by which they are
" empowered to establish, within the metropolis and its environs, district
asylums for the temporary relief, and setting to work of, the destitute,
houseless poor."
120
HOUSE OF CHARITY, CjjftritiCS ffll A.D. 1846
perishing. The relief afforded, is ; for supper, half a pound of
bread and a pint and a half of soup, bedding in well-warmed
dormitories, and a breakfast of half a pound of bread and a
pint of warm milk ; hot water and soap are also supplied
night and morning. A ward for the sick has also been fitted
up. During the past season 21,033 destitute persons, it is
stated, have received the full benefits of the institution.
The funds are supported wholly by voluntary contribu-
tions, which amounted last year to upwards of £700 ; half
of this was spent in food ; ^270 for rent, repairs, beds, coals,
and attendance, and the remainder for management.
A subscriber of 1 guinea is entitled to 42 tickets ; each
ticket to admit one person, applying from 5 till 8 o'clock ;
after which hour, any poor person will be immediately ad-
mitted without.
Treasurer, Edward Brashier, Esq. — Surgeon, John Robinson,
Esq. — Manager, Mr. George Guyenette, 60, Market-street, Edg-
ware-road.
HOUSE OF CHARITY FOR DISTRESSED PER-
SONS in London, 9, Rose-street, Soho. Established 1846,
for the following purposes : — First, to afford temporary
relief to deserving persons specially recommended ; as, for
example, patients discharged from hospitals, unable to do
full work, or to obtain, without assistance, the necessaries
of life. Such as have, by no fault of their own, been thrown
out of work ; also such as are dependent upon them. Females,
who require a respite from work, having no friends in Lon-
don, and waiting either for the means or the opportunity
to emigrate, can be received on probation. "Secondly,
to enable persons whose time is much occupied, as well as
those who have more leisure, to cooperate in works of charity
under fixed regulations."
Those persons only are admitted for relief who bring with
them satisfactory recommendations, or are ascertained to be
fit objects. The relief given consists of food and lodging,
and other needful assistance, personal kindness, advice, and
instruction, as each individual case may require. The
number of inmates is necessarily limited to 40 ; but, since
the opening of the house, in January 1847, it is stated,
there have been admitted more than 40 persons, including
25 families and 58 children. Of these the greater part, on
leaving the house, have obtained employment ; others sent
home, or, requiring medical aid, transferred to the London
121
A CONTEMPLATED ^plijUJUg tljt DfStitKtB. SAMARITAN SOC^"
hospitals, Bath Hospital, or Infirmary at Margate. Some
few discharged for misconduct or irregularity, and 100 en-
abled to emigrate to the colonies, aided by funds of money
and clothing, raised through the medium of the house.
There is a chapel in the house, with daily service.
Visitor, the Bishop of London. — Warden, the Rev. G. C. White,
B.A.— Honorary Secretary, Lieut. -Col. Short, 1, Albert-terrace,
Knightsbridge. — Treasurer, J. R. Kenyon, Esq., 11, New-square,
Lincoln's-inn. — Bankers, Messrs. Hoare and Messrs. Cocks and
Biddulph.
TEE SAMARITAN SOCIETY OF ENGLAND. It
is to be regretted is at present only such in design. From
the prospectus issued, it endeavours to comprehend in its
object the following extensive and desirable measures : —
" To establish cheap lodging-houses and dormitories for the
necessitous poor, and refuges for the destitute, under the
arches of the Metropolitan Railway Viaducts, and in other
localities, open to all, at all seasons.
"To form committees in the metropolis, and in every county
town in the kingdom, to be in communication with clergy-
men of every village, and with all charitable institutions,
which will enable the society to detect impostors, and check
vagrancy.
" To shelter and reclaim discharged felons."
We fear this must be deemed almost too large an attempt
to end practically, unless fostered by Government aid ; it
may be, however, by thus drawing attention to it, we shall
contribute our co-operation to the object ; it has our best
wishes. The first and, to us, the most immediately feasible
operations are such as may thus be reduced into detail :
and it would be certainly worth the trial — to rent, say four
or five — arches of the various railway companies ; Lambeth,
Southwark, Minories, and Bethnal-green. The arches in
each district might be formed into compartments for men
and women ; warmed with hot water, lighted with gas, well
ventUated, and under the supervision of the police.
The First Class furnished with iron bedsteads, flock mat-
tresses, blankets ; and the charge 2d. per night, or Is. per
week. Second Class fitted up with slanting-boards, such as
are used by soldiers in their guard-rooms, with pillows and
warm rugs, and the charge Id. per night. And a Third
Class merely furnished with clean straw, and accessible to
122
CITY ASSOCIATION CjjHnfe fHf A.D. 1798
all in the winter. Each district might thus furnish 120 beds,
and would, after the first expense, undoubtedly prove self-
supporting ; 100 persons sheltered nightly would realise
nearly £200 per annum. This rough outline would be soon
improved upon, and the details for moral and religious influ-
ences carried out to a considerable extent.
Some of the Second Class Arches might, in the day time,
be converted into schools. Their capability for such pur-
poses has been tested by the Rev. Mr. Queckett, who has
leased three arches of the Blackwall Railway, at the small
rent of J20 per annum, in which nearly 600 children re-
ceive daily instruction.
The only name to the prospectus bearing the above desig-
nation is that of Mr. Noel H. Robinson, 18, Holland-street,
North Brixton, to whom such as are interested in the plan,
or desirous of carrying it out, are thereby requested to com-
municate.
ASSOCIATION FOR THE RELIEF OF THE POOR
of tlie City of London and Parts adjacent. OflBce, 43, Bow-
lane, Cheapside. Instituted 1798. Familiarly known as " The
City Kitchen." This institution was formed at the end of
the last century, during a season of much destitution, by
the exertions of Mr. Farrand, of Cheapside ; Mr. Phipps, of
Weavers' Hall ; Mr. Lott, the father of the present secretary;
and the late Rev. W. Goode, the amiable and respected pas-
tor of St. Anne, Blackfriars.
During the first season as much as £2,614 were expended
in providing relief to near 20,000 poor, supplying each with
soup, cod-fish, potatoes or rice, and coals. In after years the
relief was confined to coals and potatoes; and now, in conse-
quence of the failure of the latter, to coals only. The mode of
distribution is by means of tickets, which are delivered to
applicants by subscribers, who thereby become their own
almoners.
That the boon may be duly appreciated, the recipients
of it have to contribute a portion of the expense themselves,
so that they are assisted as needy, rather than relieved as
paupers. Every poor person presenting a ticket, obtains one
cwt. of best coals for 6d., the same being delivered free
within the city. 22,979 cwt. were thus distributed during
last winter, costing the recipients £574 9s. 6d., and of sub-
scriptions and donations about £1,200.
123
LEICESTER SQ. ^Rdimillg tl)r BfStitllt l?. kitchen, 1844
The number of tickets depends on the subscription, two
dozen for each guinea.
President, the Lord Mayor. — Treasurer, Thomas Kelly, Esq.,
Alderman. — Bankers, Messrs. Barclay and Co. — Secretary, Thos,
Lott, 43, Bow-lane.— Collector, Mr. Samuel Skelton, 21, Old Fish-
street.
ST. MARTLEBONE ASSOCIATION, 15, High- street,
Marylebone. Established 1830. For the relief of unem-
ployed and industrious poor during the winter months ; sup-
plying the poor gratuitously with coals and bread, on pre-
senting tickets for that purpose from subscribers.
During last season the distribution consisted of 780 tons
of coals, and 62,456lbs. of bread, to 31,228 tickets, at a
total cost of £1,648, defrayed wholly by voluntary contri-
butions. Of this only .£147 is charged for working expenses.
Subscribers of 1 guinea or more are members, and entitled
to tickets.
Treasurer, Mr. Benham, 19, Wigmore-street. — Honorary Secre-
tary, John Gomm, Esq., 31, Edward-street, Portman-square. —
Assistant Secretary and Collector, Mr. Matthews, 15, High-street.
THE MOUNT ST. BERNARD HOSPICE, or Leices-
ter-square Soup Kitchen, is one of the benevolent schemes of
Mr. Cochrane. It consists of an establishment in Ham-yard,
St. James's, and 40 Leicester-square, affording two dormi-
tories for women and three for men, with lavatories, etc., ad-
joining, in the most perfect convenience ; also a registry and
library. The soup kitchen was the first established in Lon-
don, on a distinct and extensive plan. The relief afforded
consists of a good meal of soup and bread, which the poor
recipients are permitted to eat on the premises, with proper
accommodation ; whilst others carry away sufficient quanti-
ties for the temporary support of their families ; the distri-
bution of which is regulated by tickets. Some idea may be
formed of the boon thus afforded in the inclement seasons to
the otherwise destitute, by the returns extracted from the
recent report. It appears that during the month of January,
3,542 men and women were fed in the kitchen, and 35,089
men, women, and children, at their own homes ; and 26 per-
sons are accommodated nightly, who, before leaving in the
morning, partake of a breakfast of coffee and bread. The
society is supported by contributions to a considerable ex-
tent, both of provisions and money ; and the report furnishes
124
POK ESTABLISHMENT CjlHrititS fUt OF SOUP KITCHENS, 1848
the particulars of much benevolence from the various hotel
keepers, etc. The society is, however, we believe, greatly
indebted for its continued existence to the liberal charity
of its founder and president. Tickets for distribution are
granted to contributors of any amount.
This institution is connected with the National Philan-
thropic Association, or Poor Man's Friend Society, for the
employment of the poor (vide chapter 8).
Secretary, Mr. John Jones, 40, Leicester-square. — Collector,
Mr. John Smart. — Bankers, Messrs. Eansom and Co.
LONDON PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETY, 17, Camo-
mile-street. Established 1847. For providing the poor with
bread and coals, free of expense, to all parts of the metro-
polis and its suburbs,
The distribution is carried on by tickets, similar to the
plan of the preceding societies, through the instrumentality
of the subscribers. Also, by personal visits to applicants,
from members of the committee and secretary.
The report states that 10,000 tickets were bestowed last
winter for 41b. loaves and half cwts. of coals.
Honorary Secretary, John Henry Heeps, Esq. — Treasurer, J.
C. W. Lever, Esq., M.D. — Sub-Treasurer, Thomas "West, Esq. —
Bankers, Messrs. Prescott, Grote, and Co. — Secretary, Mr. Stol-
worthy. — Collector, Mr. Bowles, 77, Cannon-street.
SOCIETY for ESTABLISHING SOUP KITCHENS
for the Poor, in the North-West District of the Metropolis,
28, Bath-place, New-road, near Tottenham-court-road. Es-
tablished 1848. From January to July last 36,335 quarts
of nutritious beef soup, and 49,147 loaves of bread, were
distributed at this kitchen to 89,515 poor persons, at a cost
of £572 ; and during the past month of January alone, 9,565
quarts of soup, 10,020 loaves of bread, and 4,001 pounds of
boiled rice, were distributed amongst 14,051 persons. Those
who present a ticket have both soup and bread gratis, other-
wise upon payment of Id.
Other kitchens are intended to be opened by the society
as soon as funds will allow.
The tickets may be obtained in packets at 2s. and 4s.
each. In addition to which the society is dependent on the
contributions of the benevolent. The income last year was
above .£350 from donations, and £200 payment for tickets.
125
THE strangers' ^RBlijUillg tljB SiStr5S0B&. FRIEND, A.D.I 785
Treasurer, J. N. Jakins, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. C. T. Clark, at
the Soup Kitchen, 28, Bath-place, New-road; six doors from
Tottenham Court-road.
TEE STRANGERS' FRIEND SOCIETY, 7, Exeter
Hall, Strand. Instituted 1785. For the piirpose of visiting
and relieving sick and distressed strangers, and other poor,
at their respective habitations, in London and its vicinity,
without regard of sect or country ; but chiefly such as have
no parochial relief, and are " strangers."
It is deeply to be regretted that this excellent society is
not rendered the almoner of public benevolence to a greater
extent, in the relief of metropolitan destitution and distress ;
for none are established on better principles, few indeed with
less working expenses, or more wide spread in their scope of
usefulness ; the society requires only that more funds should
be at its disposal ; for were they ten times the present
amount, it would find, in this great metropolis, objects of
wretchedness and want to relieve. Suffice it to say, it is one
of the oldest "visiting societies" of London ; it acts in unison
with all ; and forms a valuable pioneer to the Scripture reader
or city missionary.
The metropolis is divided into twenty-one districts, in
each of which the undermentioned visitors, who are chiefly
householders, respectively reside ; so that by their local
knowledge, and personal inquiries, they at once detect im-
posture, and ensure the due administration of the society's
funds. Cases of distress, forwarded to that visitor in the
list, residing nearest the object to be visited, wUl be attended
to with the least possible delay. On no account should the
persons applying for relief be sent, as it only teaches them
to beg, and to send others. If merely their address is for-
warded, their distress will be ascertained and relieved.
DISTRICT.^ TREASURER.
City-road... Mr. G. Mackie, 31, City-road.
Holborn...Mr. Rich. Chaffer, 46, Lisle-st., Leicester-sq.
Marylebonc.Mr. W. Ford, 10, HoUes-st., Cavendish-sq.
Chelsea. . . Mr. Solomon Hilbert, 57, Ebury-st., Pimlico.
Lambeth... Mr. J. Corderoy, 1, Chester-pl., Kennington.
St. George's East... Mr. J. NichoUs, 14, Catherine-street.
Southwark...Mr. John Collins Wilkes, 20, Bridge-street.
^ Each district has two secretaries ; but letters addressed to the re-
spective treasurers will be sure to meet attention.
126
ASSOCIATION FOB ^ndftH ffll DISTRICT VISITING, 1844
Walworth... Mr. Cornelius Carley, 7, Bolinbroke-row.
Spitalfields...Mr. C. W. Cornelius, 1, Cottage-la., Com.-rd.
Westminster... Mr. John Tout, 44, Medway-street.
Limehouse...Mr. William Paul, 11, York-ter., Salmon-lane.
Mile-end & Beth. -gr... Mr. J. Hills, 10, Park-ter., OldFord-rd.
Rotherhithe...Mr. J. Jones, Prospect-cot., L. Deptford.-rd
Hackney... Mr. James Griffin, Church-street, Hackney.
King's-c. & St. Pancras. . .Mr. R. Ford, 5, Platt-ter., King's-cr.
Islington... Mr. C. King, 11, Mount-row, Islington.
Poplar... Mr. H. C. Smith, 3, East India bdgs.. Poplar,
Hackney-road. . .Mr. W. Williams, 5, Durham-pl., Hack.-rd.
Hoxton...Mr. T. Painter, 67, Nicholas-st., N. North-rd.
Kent-road... Mr. John Cramp, 3, Trinity-street, Borough.
City of London... Mr. John Kirsop, 105, Fore-street.
During the past year, an amount of £2556 was distri-
buted amongst 8646 cases.
One guinea annual, or ten guineas donation, constitutes a
member.
Treasurer, Thomas Farmer, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Mr.
Christopher Walton, 24, Ludgate-street. — Assistant Secretary.
Mr. J. Yatman, 4, Grove-terrace, Peckham. — Canvassing Agent
and Collector, Mr. Benjamin Dacosta, 46a, Pall Mall.
GENERAL SOCIETY for PROMOTING DISTRICT-
F/AS/^/^e^, 19, Exeter Hall. Instituted 1828. Was designed
for much the same purposes as the next mentioned — the
promoting of local societies, increasing their efficiency, and
giving an uniform and systematic working to the whole ;
arising, however, out of their connection with this, in 1831,
the committee established another institution as an addi-
tional means of benefiting the labouring poor, termed the
Labourers' Friend Society, and that valuable establishment
which has been treated of at length in a previous chapter,
appears year by year to have developed such extensive means
of usefulness, as to divert and lately to engross the energies
and resources of its directors ; and at the present time the
operations of this society appear virtually to be resigned
to the new "association"; its name, however, is as yet re-
tained.
Treasurer, John Labouchere, Esq. — Secretary, John Wood,
Esq. — Collector, Mr. W. B. Emmens.
ASSOCIATION FOR PROMOTING THE RELIEF
of Destitution in the Metropolis, and for Improving the Con-
dition of the Poor, by means of Parochial and District Visit-
inff, under the superintendence and direction of the Bishop
127
THE ASSOCIATION, E?iimng tjiB jigtrtsstir. a.d. i844
and Clergy, 4, St. Martin's-place. Established 1844. The
operations of the association are directed to the originating
or supporting local efforts. By this means the various paro-
chial district visiting societies are maintained on a connected
system, under the guidance of a central board, and the
establishment of additional ones often effected ; likewise the
formation of provident, clothing, and coal funds.
Since its establishment, it has distributed to such district
and provident funds, nearly £40,000. The provident funds
are described by the annual reports, to have proved of
considerable benefit, as may be gathered from the fact, that,
during the last four years, they have enabled the poor to
save, from their own resources, £15,000.
All grants of money are voted in answer to applications
from the incumbent or curate of the parish. Visitors' jour-
nals, ticket books, depositors and report papers, are supplied
to district societies, by this association, gratuitously. — The
annual income from voluntary contributions exceeds ,£4000
per annum, and the dividends from funds £150; the stock
is rapidly diminishing, from this amount being insufficient
to cover the usual expenditure ; but there has never been a
lack of funds when really required, and in periods of extra-
ordinary distress the income much exceeds this amount ; and
from various causes, wUl this year, it is anticipated, realize
£12,000.
President, Bishop of London. — Trustees : Rt. Hon. W. E. Glad-
stone, M.P. ; Sir Walter R. Farquhar, Bart. ; Sir R. H. Inglis,
Bart., M.P. ; Henry Kingscote, Esq. — Secretary, W. T. Haly, Esq.
Local visiting and relief societies are attached to almost
every parish and district in London. To show how systematic
or general this is, the following list embraces all such pa-
rishes as have none :
AUhaUowa, London-wall. St. Catherine Coleman-street.
,, Staining. St. Clement, Eastcheap.
„ Lombard-street. St. Ethelburga.
,, Bread-street. St. Gabriel, Fenchurch-street.
St. Alban, Wood-street. St. Lawrence Jewry.
St. Andrew Undershaft. St. Magnus, London-bridge.
St. Ann, St. Agnes, & St. John. St. Mary Aldermary.
St. Augustin and St. Faith. St. Mary-le-bow, Cheapside.
St. Bartholomew the Less. St. Mary-at-Hill, U. Thames-st.
St. Bennet Gracechurch. St. Mary Woolnoth.
St. Bennet and St. Paul. St. Mathew, Friday-street.
128
ST. GEORGE-MARTYR's CjlHtitifS for ASSOCIATION, A.D. 1843
St. Michael, Wood-street. St. Peter, Comhill.
St. Michael, Bassishaw. St. Peter-le-Poor, Broad-st.
St. Mildred, Bread-street. St. Sepulchre, Snow-hiU.
St. Mildred, Poultry. St. Stephen, Walbrook.
St. Olive, Hart-street. Holy Trinity.
St. Olive, Old Jewry. St. Vedast, Foster-lane.
St. Peter-ad- Vincula. The Savoy, Strand.
And these are all, with the exception of St. Sepulchre, small
parishes ; so limited in extent as to he within the range of the
clergyman's personal visitation ; inhabited by a large propor-
tion of wealthy people, or consisting of warehouses ; and sup-
plied, from the produce of bequests, trusts, and sacramental
offerings, with ample funds for the relief of the few residents ;
and St. Sepulchre's parish, though an exception as regards
population and the number of its poor, the incumbent re-
ports to be so well endowed with charitable gifts, that no
funds from other sources are needed for the relief of the
poorer inhabitants.
Besides the district and parochial visiting societies, are
those more restricted in their operations, attached to the
various congregations, for the relief of their respective poor.
It has been found impossible to afford a complete list of
them, neither indeed would it serve any present practical
purpose to attempt it. The following axe selected either as
examples of general character for their peculiar interest, or
their more than local usefulness ; the first mentioned comes
under our personal knowledge, and affords an excellent spe-
cimen of the working of a parochial association, when under
earnest and devoted pastoral supervision, aided by an efficient
and painstaking Scripture-reader.
ST. GEORGE-THE-MARTTR BENEVOLENT AS-
SOCIATION for Visiting, Relieving, and Improving the
Condition of the Poor. Established 1843. Is supported by
voluntary subscriptions, donations, and collections, amount-
ing to .£250 per annum, together with about £50, a portion
of sacramental money ; this amount is disbursed — in affording
relief— in stipend to Scripture-reader — interest on deposits,
&c. ; the principles upon which the association are formed
are so well developed in the following rules, that it will
serve many purposes to append them, besides affording a
model for the management clauses of similar institutions : —
Rules. 1. — That this association be called the St. George-
the-Marttr Benevolent Association, and consist of a presi-
129
ST. geobge's Htlipning tijg flistoSSgil. AssociATioy,1843
dent (the rector of the parish for the time being), treasurer,
secretary, visitors, and subscribers.
" 2. — That the objects of this association shall be to endeavour
to benefit the poor in the parish, by extending to them our
Christian sympathy and assistance, by evidencing our concern
and interest in their temporal and spiritual welfare, and by
promoting those habits of piety and order which will tend to
the improvement of their religious, moral, and social condition.
"3. — That the association be under the direction of a com-
mittee, consisting of the President, Treasurer, Secretary, the
Churchwardens, Curate, Honorary Visitors, and Fifteen Mem-
bers chosen annually from the Subscribers.
" 4. — ITiat an annual General Meeting of the Subscribers be
held on the second Friday in January, when the Treasurer,
Secretary, and Committee shaU be elected ; and a Report of
the proceedings of the past year, and a statement of the ac-
counts to December 31st, shall be made, printed, and circulated.
" 5." — That the Committee meet monthly at the Vestry, on
the second Wednesday evening, at eight o'clock, from the
second Wednesday in November to the second Wednesday in
March, and at such other times as they deem necessary during
the remainder of the year, at which meetings three shall be a
quorum ; they shall be empowered to fill up vacancies and call
special general meetings.
" 6. — ITiat the President may appoint a paid Visitor, with
power of removal ; such Visitor to act under the direction of
the President, and of the Committee, by whom the amount of
salary shall be fixed.
"7. — ITiat the parish be divided into districts, to each of
which the Committee shall nominate one or more Honorary
Visitors, who shall visit and make themselves acquainted with
the circumstances of the poor inhabitants in their district.
" 8.- — That the relief shall in general be given by tickets, for
coals, food, and clothing : relief in money being confined to
peculiar or urgent cases, which shall be first reported to the
Committee ; but should any such case occur between the meet-
ings of the Committee, the President shall be empowered to
afibrd assistance, and report the same.
"9.— That the Bibles, Testaments, tracts, and other publi-
cations (being first approved by the President) shall be distri-
buted by the Visitor, or District Visitors ; but those left on
loan, shall be through the medium of the paid Visitor only, who
shall be responsible for the same."
The Hon. Secretary to the association, is Mr. F. Warr, 63,
High Holborn.
9
130
EXAMPLES OF (CjjarititS flU DISTRICT SOCIETIES
ST. MA R rs, SO UTHWA RK, CHA RITA RLE FUND.
Established 1844. Is a district charity as yet of a very
limited extent ; but its objects are comprehensive and well
arranged, so as not to fail affording considerable service to
the poorer classes. It consists of a Visiting Society, Provi-
dent Clothing Bank, and a Lying-in Charity ; exclusive of
deposits, the receipts do not amount to ^'100 per annum at
present.
Treasurer, Rev. Christopher Bower. — Secretary, Mrs. Rutland.
ST. JOHN'S CHAPEL DISTRICT SOCIETY, Bed-
ford-row. Instituted 1812. For visiting and relieving the
sick and distressed poor at their own habitations. Every
subscriber of half-a-guinea or upwards annually, or £5 or
upwards at one time, is a member.
The district within which relief is administered by this
society, and by the Ladies' Fund, is bounded as follows : —
On the east, by the west side of Leather-lane ; on the south,
by the north side of Holborn ; on the west, by the parish of
St. George-the-Martyr ; on the north, by the south side of
the New-road.
The object of the " Ladies' Fund" is to assist the bene-
volent designs of the District Society ; and it is primarily
applied to the relief of deserving, but distressed, married
women during their confinement.
Every subscriber of half-a-guinea or upwards annually,
or £5 or upwards at one time, is a member of it. Any lady
who contributes a box of linen is a member for life.
The District Society is managed by a gentleman's com-
mittee of ten visitors ; the fund by a committee of ladies.
Since their formation, in their joint operations, 26,877 cases
have been visited and relieved, at an annual cost of nearly
^300, raised by subscriptions, donations, and collections
after sermons.
President, Rev. Thomas Nolan. — Treasurer, John Bridges, Esq.
— Secretary, Rev. S. Garrard.
Ladies' Fund; Treasurer, Mrs. Bannister. — Secretary, Miss
Gi-ane, 23, Bedford-row.
LONDON-STONE DISTRICT VISITING SOCIETY,
Cannon-street. Instituted 1830. Like the last mentioned,
is not nominally a parochial association, but supported by
the voluntary contributions of the district, yet is sufficient
131
EXAMPLES OF jR^fiJmng tljg DlStoSSCh. district SOCS-
for the wants of the entire parishes of St. Edmund the King ;
St. James Garlick Hythe ; St. Mary Somerset ; St. Michael,
Queenhithe ; and St. Swithin, London-Stone.
The boundary of the district is a line including the west
side of Fish-street-hill and Gracechurch-street, the south
side of Cornhill and Cheapside, the east side of Bread-street
and Bread-street-hill, and the north bank of the river
Thames, back to Fish-street-hill ; and all the labouring and
poor population within this line. This district is divided,
at the discretion of the committee, into suitable sections.
The annual amount contributed in food and necessaries is
under £60 annually ; and considerable assistance is rendered
by securing the benefits of kindred charities to the poor of
the districts.
Half-a-guinea annual, or 5 guineas at one time, consti-
tutes a member, with the privilege of recommending any
deserving object.
President, the Lord Mayor. — Treasurer, Mr. Ford Hale. — Secre-
tary and Collector, Mr. J. C. Bowles, 77 Cannon-street.
THE FRIENB-IN-NEED SOCIETY, for Vidting and
Relieving the Sick Poor at their own Habitations, Hoxton.
Instituted 1809. Its principal scene of labour is in the dis-
tricts of Shoreditch, Bethnal-green, and Spitalfields, though
it is not locally bounded, but extends its aid to all parts of
the metropolis. Its object is to visit poor and afflicted fami-
lies, and by a personal investigation of their necessities to
afford such temporal aid and spiritual consolation as may be
required. The funds are dispensed irrespective of religious
creed, and on the committee are members of different Pro-
testant denominations. In the winter, coals are distributed
to destitute families. Since its formation, upwards of 55,000
visits have been made, to about 12,000 cases, and relief
granted, at the cost of nearly £8,000. The committee-meet-
ings, for the consideration of cases, are held every Tuesday
evening, at the school-rooms, Hoxton Old Town.
Incumbent of Holy Trinity, Hoxton ; Rev. C. J. DanieU, M. A.
SPITALFIELDS BENEVOLENT SOCIETY, 19,
Church-street. Instituted 1811. For visiting and relieving
cases of distress, chiefly among the numerous poor of Spital-
fields and its vicinity. Every person subscribing half-a-gui-
132
ACCIDENT BELIEF CjUttitiBS fol SOCIETY, A.D. 1836
nea or upwards annually, or five pounds or upwards at one
time, is considered a member.
Applications respecting lying-in cases may be sent to 19,
Church-street, Spitalfields,
President, Rev. Josiah Pratt, B.D. — Treasurer, Samuel Hoare,
Esq. — Secretary, Mr. E. Suter, 18, Cheapside. — Bankers, Messrs.
Hoare and Co. — Collector, Mr. G. J. Townsend.
THE MOTHER S INFANTS FRIEND SOCIETY,
Parish of St. S within, London-stone. Instituted 1812. For
the relief of poor married women during their confinement.
Every case must be within one mile and a half of St. Swi-
thin's Church, be recommended by a subscriber, and procure
the undertaking of a housekeeper to be responsible for the
safe return of the articles which may be lent. 10s. 6d. an-
nually entitles to recommend one case. The income of this
excellent little local charity does not exceed £60 annually.
Treasurer, Mrs. William Hale, 7, Cannon-street.
The next is a charity of a general character, but its bene-
fits are conferred in like manner, by visiting at their own
abodes those in need of relief.
ACCIDENT RELIEF SOCIETY, 11, Great Winches-
ter-street, City. Established 1836. To relieve the families
of those who are inmates of accident wards, in any of the
metropolitan hospitals or elsewhere. The relief afi'orded to
each case consists of bread, meat, coals, and potatoes, to the
extent of six shillings per week, according to the discretion
of the visitor, until the next meeting of the committee ;
and whenever an afflicted person has so far recovered as to
be able to resume his employment, in cases of extreme dis-
tress the visitor is empowered to grant an amount, not ex-
ceeding ten shillings ; and the committee, if they think the
case requires it, and the funds will allow, extend the gift to
thirty shillings. During the past year, about £500 was dis-
tributed amongst some hundred families ; but the funds are
very far beneath the claims of real distress, the institution
being but slightly known.
President, the Duke of Bedford. — Treasurer, Mr. Wm. Abseil.
— Bankers, Messrs. Drummond and Co. — Secretary, Mr. John
Goodman. — Honorary Chaplain, Rev. Henry Cole.
From its excellent design, and the large scope for its exercise in this
133
ACCIDENT KELIEF UpliBtTillg tlj? ^istTPSSBJl. SOCIETY, A.D.1843
metropolis, we think its usefulness might be greatly extended, as it appears
a most desirable medium for dispensing public bounty on a large scale.
The hospital returns represent no less than 35,000 accidents as hap-
pening annually in London. None so need sympathy and relief, as the
families of those suffering sudden and unforseen afflictions ; and to none
is it more freely afforded, whenever such cases of distress are made
known, as the newspaper police columns freely testify; therefore, all that
appears requisite, is, that this society should be extensively known, and
that the promoters of it should be active and devoted in furthering its
objects.
134
CliHritirs for
CHAPTER VII.
CHARITIES FOR THE RELIEF OF THE
DISTRESSED {continued).
Societies for the Relief of the Distress of particular Classes. — Widows. —
Prisoners for Debt. — Destitute Sailors — Distressed Scotch. — Foreign-
ers in Distress — French — Germans — Poles — and Jews. — Summary of
Jewish Charities for the Poor.
The Charities detailed in this chapter are of a similar cha-
racter to those described in the last ; differing only as to the
objects for whom they are designed. The distress contem-
plated for relief by these institutions, it will be seen, is such
as arises either from special causes, or is suffered by such as
have peculiar claims on persons of kindred connexions or
sympathies with themselves.
They may be thus briefly summed up : — For the Relief of
Widows in Distress, 2 ; Prisoners for Debt, etc., 2 ; Desti-
tute and Shipwrecked Seamen, 2 ; Sailors' Home, 1 ; Dis-
tressed Scotchmen, 1 ; Distressed Foreigners, 1 ; Distressed
French, 2 (one an Asylum); Distressed Germans, 1 ; Poles,
1 ; total, 12.
Aggregate annual amount of income . £29,881
Of which, voluntary contributions amount to £19,473
One of these was founded in the seventeenth century, two
in the eighteenth, and nine in the nineteenth (six within the
last thirty years).
The Jewish charities will be found very numerous, although
not of extensive operations ; they number about twenty-five
institutions, with an aggregate income of nearly! £4^500 ;
of which, voluntary contributions amount to £2,754.
1 The Spanish Jews' Hospital, page 21 , and the varioua Jewish schools
hereafter mentioned, not included in this,
135
widows' relief iRtlipnillg tl;t |)i3lrrSSEil.sociETiES,1808-23
SOCIETY FOR THE BELIEF OF DISTRESSED
WIDO WS ; applying within the first month of their widow-
hood, 32, Sackville-street. Instituted 1823. One guinea
and upwards annually, constitutes a member of the society,
entitled to recommend one case annually for every such
amount ; the cases recommended must be within four miles
of Sackville-street, and their relief subject to the visitor's in-
vestigation and report. 10 guineas at one time constitutes a
member for life, entitled to recommend two cases annually.
The lettters of recommendation must be brought by the
widows for whom the subscriber is interested, to the oflSce, on
Wednesdays, between 12 and 4 o'clock. The meetings of the
committee are held on the second Thursday in each month.
The present income of the society averages £700 per annum :
about j£2 is given in money to each case recommended, and
found to be satisfactory. Articles of mourning, for bestowal
upon deserving cases, are especially solicited of persons de-
sirous of assisting the charity.
President, the Marquis of Cholmondeley. — Treasurer, John
Labouchere, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Dr. Thomas Chambers,
1, Hill-street, Berkley-square. — Visitor and Secretary to Ladies'
Committee, Mrs. Flood, 32, Sackville-street, and 65, St. Paul's
Churchyard. — Collector, Mr. Pitts, 8, Melina-place, St. John's-
wood.
THE WIDOWS FRIEND AND BENEVOLENT SO-
CIETY, 21, Old Fish-street, Doctors' Commons. Instituted
1808. The object of this society is to visit and relieve, at
their own habitations, such poor widows and other distressed
persons as may be recommended by the subscribers and be-
nefactors as proper objects of relief. 91 cases were relieved
during the past year, with sums varying from .£1 to £2 each,
besides six pensions of £,b each : but the whole income
amounts only to £167, of which £140 is dependant on volun-
tary contributions. Half-a-guinea or upwards annually, or
10 guineas or upwards at one time, constitutes a member,
entitled to recommend to the attention of the committee
such cases as may be considered objects worthy of relief.
The committee meet during the summer on the first Monday
in every month, and in the winter on the first and third
Mondays.
President, Rev. Henry Budd, A.M. — Treasurer, J. Labou-
chere, Esq.-r-Secretary, Mr. H. Matthews. — Collector, Mr. J. C.
136
BELIEF OP PRISONERS CtjAtltirS fUU FOR SMALi DEBTS,1772
Bowles, Cannon-street. — Receiving-house for applications, 21, Old
Fish-street, Doctors' Commons.
SOCIETY FOR THE DISCHARGE AND RELIEF
of Persons Imprisoned for Stnall Debts throughout England
and Wales, 7, Craven Street, Strand. Instituted 1772. The
mode of application is by printed petitions,^ to be had of the
respective keepers gratis. Each petitioner must name two
reputable house-keepers as vouchers for his integrity, so-
briety, and industry ; and, if applying for the Insolvent Act,
to a clergyman or magistrate. The society will not grant
relief to any debtor who has already employed an attorney
to act in his behalf. If the debts exceed ^400, or any one
debt exceed £90, or the balance between the debts and
credits exceed £200, the petition is inadmissable, and will
not be noticed by the society. It never pays more than
a composition of £30 for debts of any amount. In cases of
great deserving, a small donation is made to the individuals,
over and above the amount paid for their release.
Two guineas or upwards annual, or twenty guineas or
upwards, in one sum, constitute a member eligible to be
elected a governor of the society. The annual number of
debtors released by this society, until the last six or seven
years, averaged 1,200, at a cost of nearly £5,000 ; but the
altered law, respecting imprisonment for small debts,i has
now greatly diminished the number of applicants, and the
society has considerably extended its limits of admission, as
to amount of debt ; but, even under this extension, the whole
number that were released last year amounted only to 142,
at a cost of X1824. Since its first establishment, to the pre-
sent time, 68,783 debtors have been relieved at a total cost
of .£219,422.
President, the Earl of Romney. — Treasurer, Benjamin Bond
Cabbell, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Drummond. — Secretary, Joseph
Lunn, Esq., 7, Craven- street. Strand.
PHILANTHROPIC SO CIET ¥,1^6^ Globe Tavern,Mile
End Road. Established 1803. For the temporary relief of
1 The relief afforded by this society is only available to such as are
actually in prison at the time of application.
2 6th Vict., 1842 ; amended 8th Vict., 1844. The largest number of
prisoners released by the Society in one year, was during its jubilee year
(1810), when 1,626 were discharged, at a cost of j£10,206 12s. Id.
137
DESTITUTE SAILOBS' Hflirmng i^t Wl5\Xi mA asylum, 1827
the deserving poor of London and its vicinity, not receiving
parochial aid ; also for compounding with the creditors of
persons who are imprisoned for small debts. Since its com-
mencement, it has extended its aid to 37,500 persons in dis-
tress, at an expense of £18,750. The directors hold their
meetings at the above tavern, every Thursday evening, at
8 o'clock precisely, for the purpose of considering and re-
lieving petitions.
One guinea per annum, or 10 giiineas at one time, entitles
to recommend for relief, three cases annually ; 12s, annually,
or 5 guineas at one time, two cases. Forms of petition may
be obtained of the secretary.
President, Viscount Torrmgton. — Treasurers : Alfred Head,
Esq. ; George Lee, Esq. ; John Stayner, Esq. — Sub-Treasurer,
Mr. George Gold. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. James Sadgrove, 2,
Sidney-square, Mile-end. — Collector, Mr. J. J. Mayall, 31, Totton-
street. Stepney.
DESTITUTE SAILORS' ASYLUM, 23, Well Street,
London Docks. Instituted 1827. The object of this insti-
tution, is to supply shelter, and temporarily relieve, with
food and clothing, distressed seamen of all nations, and to
keep them, when necessary, until they can obtain employ-
ment. The objects for relief consist of such as are in extreme
misery or want, and who have not left their last ship more
than twelve months. A discharge-ticket from the Dread-
nought Hospital Ship at Deptford, is a passport for a man
into the asylum without a question being asked. Many get
into employment through the means of this institution, and
recover themselves so far as not to require its assistance
when they return to port. The old and infirm have their
passages paid for them to their own homes, and the sick
often get into the hospitals and infirmaries of London through
its medium. Morning and evening prayers, and the Scrip-
tures, are regularly read ; and every evening, at seven o'clock,
a minister preaches. On Sunday, the men attend "St. Paul's
Church for seamen". The annual average number of those
who benefit by this asylum is 1500. Supported wholly by
voluntary contributions, amounting to about £600 per an-
num, which well covers the expenses.
President, Admiral WiUiam Bowles, M.P. — Treasurer, Felix
Ladbroke, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. C. B. Gribble, M.A. — Secretary,
Captain George Pierce, R.N. — Superintendent, Mr. WiUiam Part-
ridge. — Cashier, Mr. William Bateman. — Collector, Mr. Thomas
Pitts, 8, Melina-place, St. John's-wood.
138
THE sailors' home. CjjaritiBS Ul A.D. 1835
THE SAILORS' HOME; OR BRUNSWICK MARI-
TIME Establishment, Well Street,^ London Docks. Insti-
tuted 1835. This establishment affords a comfortable and
cheap board and lodging house for seamen and apprentices,
during the time they must unavoidably remain on shore
between their voyages. The domestic worship is conducted
by a clergyman of the Church of England, nominated by
the directors, subject to the approval of the Bishop of Lon-
don ; and every means are taken to raise the character and
improve the habits of the inmates. It does not, strictly
speaking, come under the same designation as the previously
mentioned ; but follows here from its connexion therewith.
The number the building is calculated to accommodate at
one time, is 250, and the whole number who avail them-
selves of it in the course of a year, averages 4000 to 5000 ;
each seaman is provided with a separate berth, and pays
at the rate of 2s. a day, including all charges ; apprentices
Is. Qd, a day, and other lads 12s. a week ; those who desire
it have nautical and other instruction afforded them without
further payment. The directors of the establishment, in
acting as the bankers of those who return with their hard
savings, and affording their advice thereon, render the in-
mates another great kindness ; as much as £30,000 of the
seamen's money passes throvgh their hands in the course of
the year.
One pound or upwards annually, or £10 or more at one
time, constitute a life-member, entitled to one vote at the
annual or general meetings. The cash statement for the
past year, shows an annual expenditure of £6,500, and
receipts of £2000 voluntary contributions, £5000 payments
from seamen, and £78 dividends; presenting a satisfactory
appearance of expenses well covered.
President, Admiral Bowles, M.P. — Treasurer, John Labouchere,
Esq. — Honorary Solicitor, H. E. Stables, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev.
Charles B. Gribble, M.A. — Superintendent, Mr. James Laughton.
— Cashier, Mr. William Bateman. — Secretary, Captain George
Pierce, R.N. — Accountant, Mr. Samuel L'Eschauzier. — Collector,
Mr. Thomas Pitts, 8, Melina-place, St. John's-wood.
^ Erected on the site of the Brunswick theatre, within six months after
the falling in of that building.
^ For notice of St. Paul's church, in connexion with this establishment,
see note to the London Episcopal Floating Church Society.
139
SHIPWRECKED Erlitiiiiig tjjf Distrpssft fishermen, 18.39
SHIPWRECKED FISHERMEN AND MARINERS'
Benevolent Society, 26, Bucklersbury. Instituted 1839, for
relieving, with temporary grants and small annuities, the
widows and orphans of fishermen, mariners, pilots, and boat-
men ; for boarding, lodging, clothing, and forwarding home
all destitute shipwrecked persons ; and for assisting mariners,
fishermen, and boatmen, to replace their clothes, boats, or
nets, when lost by storm or other accident.
To meet in some measure the destitution of poor ship-
wrecked persons cast helpless on our shores, the committee
have obtained the services of nearly six hundred gentlemen,
who benevolently act as honorary agents in their several
localities ; so that from the Land's End to John o' Groat's
House, as well as on the shores of Ireland, and the other
British Isles, shipwrecked mariners of all nations find friends
to whom their destitution is a full recommendation. Thus
providing the public effectually against the necessity of being
importuned by persons travelling the country, under the
pretence of having been shipwrecked, as, by it, aU ship-
wrecked persons are relieved and conveyed to their homes.
Annual subscriptions 2s. Qd. ; donations ad libitum. The
cash statement for the past year shows an amount of £2700
spent in relieving ; the expenses are very heavy, however,
for operations so extensive as these are, so as altogether to
require an amount of receipts to nearly 4,500 a year ; it is
gratifying to find that, at present, the voluntary contribu-
tions alone exceed that amount, besides ^500 a year from
dividends ; the funded property is above £14,000.
President, Sir George Cockbum. — Chairman, Admiral Hope.
— Trustees : Thomas Hankey, jun. Esq.; Thomas Hankey, Esq. ;
Benjamin Williams, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Williams, Deacon,
and Co. — Treasurer, John Deacon, Esq. — Honorary Solicitor,
J. J. Hubbard, Esq. — Secretary, Francis Lean, Esq., R.N. —
Travelling Secretary, Lieut. W. H. Symon, R.N.— Collector, Mr.
Charles H. Parrott.
SCOTTISH HOSPITAL AND CORPORATION IN
ZOA^Z)OiV,Crane-court,Fleet-street. Incorporated 1665-76;l
^ This institution derives its origin from a society founded a short time
after the accession of James I," for relieving the less fortunate individuals
of the Scottish nation," under the designation of " The Scottish Box,"
which pursued its benevolent operations until the reign of Charles II,
when an act of incorporation was granted (1665).
140
SCOTTISH HOSPITAL. CljaritlBS fDI A.D. 1665
re-incorporated 1775. The charity of the Scottish Hospital
is applicable to the poor mechanic, the artisan, and labourer,
natives of Scotland, with their wives, widows, and children,
resident in the metropolis and its immediate neighbourhood,
who, not having acquired any parochial settlement in this
country, must otherwise be exposed to the utmost wretched-
ness or beggary.
About ^2,300 is spent annually in casual relief to some
300 persons monthly; and .£1,250 in annual pensions of ^8
or ^10 to about 130 aged persons. The payment of 1 gui-
nea annual, or 10 guineas at one time, constitutes a gover-
nor ; entitled to recommend one poor person monthly.
Every case recommended by a petition, and signed by a
governor, is visited by an officer of the corporation, and the
report is submitted to the standing committee for relief.
Petitions when filled up and certified must be delivered at
the office on or before the first Wednesday in each month.
The entrance for the poor to the hall is at the chapel, Fleur-
de-Lis-court, 17, Fetter-lane. Relief days, second Wed-
nesday in each month. Recipients of relief to attend at 1
p.m., and petitioners at 4 p.m.
The Kirilock Bequest. — William Kinlock, Esq., bequeathed
the residue of his estate for the relief of 500 "poor and
disabled Scotchmen in distress, who may have lost their
legs or arms, eyesight, or otherwise wounded, in the army
or navy, in the service of their country," which bequest is
applied to such candidates whose income does not exceed
.£20 per annum under distinct regulations, by a committee
of governors of the Scottish Hospital.
According to instructions from the Court of Chancery, the
relief afforded by this fund consists of pensions of £4 per
annum ; the fund decreases annually, and the number of
pensioners accordingly. When the principal is reduced to
.£2,000 the same will have to be divided 2 pursuant to pro-
visions of the will.
President, the Duke of Montrose. — Treasurer, the Chisholm. —
Chaplains: Rev. John Gumming, D.D.; the Venerable Archdea-
con Sinclair, M.A. — Physicians : John Webster, Esq., M.D.; Geo.
Darling, Esq., M.D. ; Robert Dickson, Esq., M.D. ; John Scott,
Esq., M.D. — Surgeons : John Liddle, Esq.; Professor Fergusson ;
^ The present amount of funds exceeds ^£54,000 and the annual in-
come therefrom £2,016, causing a present reduction of the principal at
the rate of £400 per annum.
141
FOREIGNERS, Urging tIjB iistrtgggjt. a.d. i806
R. H. Mackenzie, Esq., M.D.— Secretary, James Adair, Esq. —
Solicitor, W. M. Webster, Esq. — Collector, and Visitor of the Poor,
Mr. George Anderson. — Beadle, Mr. Laurance John Wishart.
THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS OF FOREIGNERS
in Distress, 10, Finsbury Chambers, Instituted 1806. All
foreigners here, of whatever nation or religion, being in dis-
tress, and recommended by a governor, are entitled to such
relief as the Board of Directory may think proper. The
recommending governor must set forth the place of nativity,
age, and circumstances, and profession of the applicant, who
must confirm the same by oath or aflBrmation, if required.
A certain number of aged or infirm foreigners are elected
at a general court, and allowed weekly pensions to an
amount fixed on by the Board of Directors.
The weekly meetings of the directors are held on Wednes-
day at half-past 11 precisely at the society's oflices, and
attendance is given every day between the hours of 2 and 4
o'clock, except on Saturdays and Sundays.
The relief aflForded by the society during the past year
comprehended, 5s. per week to 80 pensioners ; regular allow-
ance to 93 aged persons ; £1,091 in casual relief, passage
money, and returning to their own countries, and clothing
for 236 persons ; and minor assistance to unsuccessful can-
didates, (fee.
The amount of income is under jE3,000 a-year, which,
with the exception of .£300, is derived from voluntary contri-
butions, and is all expended upon the objects of its bounty,
exclusive of about £400 for necessary expenses ; the funded
property is under £10,000.
One guinea annual, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes a
governor, with one vote for pensioners, &c.
President, the Duke of Wellington. — Treasurer, John Labou-
^ An institution for the relief of distressed foreigners of all nations,
under the name of " The Society of Universal Good Will,'' was established
about fifty years since at Norwich, under the fostering care of the late Dr.
John Murray of that city. Dr. Murray took great pains to extend the
plan, upon a comprehensive scale, to the metropolis : but this was, how-
ever, only partially efi'ected. Although his efforts were then unavailing,
it may be said, with justice, that the idea of the present excellent and
increasing establishment had its origin in the plan of the Norwich Society.
Upon being discontinued, part of its remaining fund was appropriated to
this society. Her Majesty contributes ^100 annually to the funds.
142
HOSPITAL FOB FRENCH CjlHOtiBS ffll PB.OTESTANTS, A.D.I 718
chere, Esq. — Secretary, Fred. E. Homeman, Esq., 10, Finsbury-
chambers, London-wall. — Collector, Mr. Jeffery, 3, Foundling-
terrace, Gray's Inn-road,
HO&PITA L FOR POOR FRENCH PROTESTANTS
and their DescendaixAs residing in Great Britai^i, Bath-street,
City-road. Incorporated 1718.1 Founded for the French Pro-
testants taking refuge in this country for the sake of religion.
At one time it afforded an asylum to 230 refugees : since
1760, however, it has suffered successive limitations, and at
the present time there are but 54 ; the governors moreover
represent, that even this number must be reduced, as the
income exceeds the expenditure.
The poor who desire to be admitted must appear before
the quarterly committee at their meetings, or obtain on the
first Saturdays in April, July, and October, and second in
January, a certificate from the surgeon, or three directors,
setting forth their distemper and age, when their cases will
be registered until a vacancy occurs. Forms of the petition
may be obtained of the steward at the hospital.
No other poor can be received into this hospital, or be
relieved, but such French Protestants, or their descendants,
as have been residing in Great Britain for the space of six
months at least. All persons are ineligible who are married,
unless bedridden through disease, and then only for such
time as they be bedridden. AU persons with contagious
diseases are ineligible.
The cash statement is not published, as the receipts arise
only from such contributions as are raised by its elected go-
vernors and directors, and collection after annual sermon in
May : this is suggestive, that if published statements were
made, the state of the funds, at present regretted by the
governors, might be improved.
Governor, Earl of Radnor. — Sub-Governor, Peter Levesque,
Esq. — Treasurer, G Guillonneau, Esq. — Secretary, R. Herv6
^ Owes its origin to M. de Gastigny, a French gentleman, master of
the hounds to King William III, when Prince of Orange; who bequeathed,
in 1708, the sum of X'lOOO towards a fund for this purpose, which fund
was increased in 1716, when the present site was purchased, for a term
of nine hundred and ninety years, of the Ironmongers' Company, and the
chapel dedicated in the following year ; and in 1718 was incorporated,
by permission of George I, under the title of " The Governor and Direc-
tors of the Hospital for poor French Protestants, and their Descendants,
residing in Great Britain."
143
SOCIETE DE EtliBniag tjlf S)iStrC55pi.BIE-\FAISANCE,1842
Giraud, Esq., 7, Furnival's Inn. — Chaplain, Rev. B. T. Nurse. —
Surgeon, Mr. Samuel Byles. — Steward, Mr. Richard Hunt.
SOCIETE FRANCAISE DE BIENFAISANCE, 10,
Duke-street, Portland-Place. Established 1842. For the
purpose of assisting poor French persons, who have not the
means of support, in this country. Any such may apply at
the office, where their circumstances will be inquired into,
and relieved temporarily with food, &c., until means are
affijrded them either to obtain employment, or to return to
their native country. When considered necessary, small
loans are made, to be returned without interest. The great
object of the society is thus expressed : — " Preventing the
possibility of any poor French being entirely destitute."
The office is open daily from 10 till 4 o'clock (Sundays and
holidays excepted).
One guinea annual, or £10 donation, constitutes a gover-
nor, with one vote at the annual election of the weekly reci-
pients of four shillings.
The income averages £550 per annum ; with the exception
of £30 from dividends, depending wholly on voluntary con-
tributions : funded property not exceeding £1,000.
President, M. F. Vouillon. — Bankers, Sir Samuel Scott and Co.
—Treasurers : M. Horeau (Ch.), M. Boura (A.), M. Salanson. —
Honorary Secretary, M. Givry, 23, Old Bond-street.
GERMAN SOCIETY OF BENEVOLENCE AND
CONCORD, Office, 48, Greek-street, Soho. Founded 1817
by M. G. Fraas. For the relief of distressed Germans in
London : during the past year £180 was raised amongst the
members and contributors, of which £146 was distributed
amongst 302 natives of Germany, who were in distress in
London, The funded property is but £1,033.
Auditors, Messrs. Baur and Duve. — Secretary, M. H. Schirges,
39, Conduit-street.
LITERARY ASSOCIATION OF THE FRIENDS
OF POLAND, Sussex Chambers, Duke-street, St. James's.
Instituted 1833. For the purpose of diffusing information
respecting the literature, history, and present condition of
Poland ; " exposing the system of policy to which she has
been the victim ; and exciting in her favour the sympathy
of the British nation." Its earliest attention was directed
to the destitute condition of the Polish patriots, who had
144
jews' HOSPITAL. CljKrrtiM fur a.d. iso?
taken refuge in this country. The association relieved their
sufferings to the best of its ability until the year 1834, when,
through the exertions of some of its leading members (Lord
Dudley C. Stuart, Thomas Campbell the poet, and Prince
Czartoryski) the Government commenced an annual grant
for the support of the refugees.^ The association devotes a
portion of its funds to the education of the children of the
Poles resident here.2
It has hitherto derived its principal income, from the
public balls and concerts given under its superintendence ;
also from subscriptions and donations ; last year, the former
source yielded £963 ; the latter, £278. Two guineas an-
nually constitutes a member.
This society, it is stated, will afford every facility to detect
impostors, and is anxious to discourage mendicancy.
President, Lord D. C. Stuart.— Hon. Secretary, William Loyd
Birkbeck, Esq. — Resident Secretary and Paymaster, Lieut. Charles
Szulczewski. — Hon. Surgeon, T. Young, Esq., 31, Sackville-street.
JEWS HOSPITAL, MUe-end. Founded 1807.3 Affords
both an asylum for age ; and a place of refuge for youth,
where they are taught the modes of procuring a regular
maintenance by the acquirement of trades, in order to be-
come good and useful members of society. The present
number of inmates comprise twelve aged persons, fifty-
five boys, and twenty girls ; the total number who have
1 THE POLISH REFUGEE OFFICE, 2, Middle Scotland-
yard. Is for dispensing the Parliamentary grants in behalf of the unfor-
tunate Poles in this country; first voted in the year 1834. The amount
of grant is being gradually reduced; that for the present year is but
i£8,700 — an amount agreed to in committee," on the understanding that
the list of refugees should be revised, and relief continued only to those
unable to support themselves." The number of Polish refugees now in
England rather exceeds 400, of whom 328 receive assistance. Pay-
master, J. S. Tebbs, Esq.
* The Polish Economical and Clothing Association, for some years
carried on in connexion with this, is now extinct.
3 Founded by the exertii ns of the late Messrs. Abraham and Benja-
min Goldsmid, who, about 1799, commenced collecting donations from
their friends for the purpose, of which not one was above if400, and but
one under £5Q ; and, upon February 17, 1806, having accumulated to
jf20,000, it was applied to the Ibundation. The hospital was purchased
for .£3,300, and has subsequently been considerably enlarged ; the amount
of present funded property, is i£48,143.
145
jews' societies, Erligfling tjiB listogggli. a.d. 1827-1844
been received in the house, 463. The funded property of
this establishment is near £50,000, but the dividends there-
from appear to be insufficient for its support, although aided
by £750 from annual contributions. The last cash statement
represents a sale of stock of £600, and the annual expenses
amounting to as much as £2,464. One guinea annually
constitutes a subscriber, with one vote ; 25 guineas at one
time a life governor, with three votes.
President, F. H. Goldsmid, Esq. — Treasurers: Aaron Joseph,
Esq.; Lawrence Myers, Esq. — Physician, Dr. Southwood Smith.
— Surgeon, Thos. Blizard Curling, Esq. — Apothecary, Mr. Joseph
Kisch. — Solicitor, Mr. Sampson Samuel. — Superintendent and
Sub-Secretary, Mr. Samuel Howe. — House-Steward and Matron,
Mr. and Mrs. Myers. — Governess, Miss Hanbury. — Bankers, Lon-
don and Westminster Bank. — Secretary, Mr. Samuel Solomon,
5, Hounsditch.
HANDIN-HANB CHARITABLE INSTITUTION;
Asylum, St. James's-place, Aldgate. Established 1840. For
maintaining, clothing, and providing an asylum for aged
men of the Hebrew nation ; supported by contributions and
subscriptions. This charity is very limited in extent, only
dispensing its benefits to seven individuals, waiting for an
increase of funds before it enlarges the number. Visiting
days, Saturday and Sunday, from 2 till 5 o'clock.
Treasurer, Mr. Moses Lazarus, 34, Duke-street, Aldgate — Medi-
cal Attendant, Dr. J. Kisch. — Secretary, Mr. F. D. Soares. — Col-
lector, Mr. Ellis. — Matron, Mrs. Jonas,
WESTERN JEWISH PHILANTHROPIC and Pen-
sion Society, 4, Manor-street, Chelsea. Established 1827.
For the purpose of granting relief, by permanent pensions,
gifts, and loans without interest, to indigent and worthy
persons of the Jewish religion, resident in the county of
Middlesex, west and northward of Temple Bar, in the district
of Clerkenwell, and city of Westminster. Subscribers of six
shillings per annum entitled to one vote ; of one guinea, to
three votes.
President, Mr. Samuel Ellis. — Treasurer, Mr. M. Marks. — Secre-
tary, Mr. M. L. Lazarus.- — Collector, Mr. L. Kesner.
JEWISH LADIES' BENEVOLENT LOAN AND
Visiting Society, 31, Nottingham-place, Whitechapel-road.
Established 1844. For promoting the visits of Jewish
10
146
JEWISH BLIND, A.D. 1819. CljAlitiCS fHI JEAVISH WIDOWS, 1825.
ladies amongst their own poor, and advocating habits of
prudence and economy amongst them, and where desirable,
advancing small sums of money as loans, without interest.
These loans are paid by weekly instalments. During the
past five years, about £2,000 has been repaid in this way,
having been granted to 334 persons, A relief fund also, and
a savings bank, are attached to the association. The volun-
tary contributions do not much exceed ^100 annually. Five
shillings annually constitutes a subscriber.
President, Mrs. Joseph Josephs, 29, High-street, Whitechapel.
— Vice-President, Mrs. Sampson Samuel, 11, North-buildings,
Finsbury-circus. — Treasurer, Mrs. Bamet Joseph, 26, Finsbury-
place.^ — Honorary Secretary, Mrs. A. L. Harris, 30, Steward-st.,
Spitalfields. — -Assistant Secretary and Collector, Mr. A. G. Isaac,
37, Nottingham-place, Whitechapel-road.
INSTITUTION FOR THE RELIEF OF THE IN-
DIGENT BLIND, of the Jewish Persuasion, Bevis-marks.
Established 1819. For granting pensions of 6s. per week
to the Jewish blind, not relieved by any other charity.
Candidates must present a petition to the committee, who
meet in the months of March, June, September, and Decem-
ber, signed by three Governors, and accompanied with a
surgeon's certificate of their total blindness. 10s. annually,
or 5 guineas at one time, constitute a Governor, with one vote
for every such subscription. The present number of pen-
sioners is twelve, receiving about £200 annually, which is
met by voluntary contributions and £74 from dividends,
the income exceeding the expenditure.
President, A. Soloman, Esq., 23, Bevis-marks. — Treasurer,
J. Lazarus, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Henry Dyte, Esq., 2, Hare-
court, Temple. — Secretary, Mr. S. Soloman, 5, Ho'insditcli. —
Collector, Mr. Marks.
PHIL A N THRO PIC SO CIETY, for Relieving Distressed
Widows and Families of the Jewish Persuasion, 5, Houns-
ditch. Established 1825. To afford relief to widows, by
allowing them a weekly stipend of five shillings for the pe-
riod of fifty-two weeks ; and distressed families, by a distri-
bution of certain smns of money at the Passover and New
Year. Subscribers, entitled to one vote in the distribution of
the funds, for every four shillings subscribed. The income is
about £150, derived from voluntary contributions, except .£8.
President, Mr. John Jonas. — Treasurer, Mr. M. Samuel. — Secre-
taries : Mr. S. Soloman, 5, Hounsditch ; and Mr. C. Joel.
147
jews' societies, ErlipDiHg tjlB JSistoSSBb. VARIOUS.
The Jewish Schools and Orphan Asylums will be found in
detail under Educational Charities ; and
Societies for the Bene^t of Converts and Christian Instruc-
tion, under Missionary and Religious Societies.
There are various other charities for the relief of the
Jewish poor, of a limited character ; by subjoining the fol-
lowing brief summary of which, every purpose will be served.
Society for Helping the Fallen ; Mr. D. Davis, Sec.
For Relieving the Poor in Confined Mourning ; Master
Hyams, Sec.
Of IndepeTident Friends ; Mr. J. Braxo, Sec.
For Distributing Bread and Coals ; Mr. D. Joseph, Sec.
For Distributing Bread, Meat, and Coals, during the
Winter ; Mr. J. Levy, Sec.
For Distributing Five Shillings per Week during the
Winter ; Mr. J. D. Lindenhall, Sec.
For Believing Distressed Persons (Holborn) ; Mr. S.
Cohen, Sec.
For Clothing Poor Jewish Boys; Mr. A. G. Isaacs, Sec.
For Clothing and Apprenticing Boys ; ^Mr. J. H. Joseph,
Sec.
Asylumfor Aged and Infirm Widows ; Mr. R. Cardoza, Sec.
Widows Pension Society ; Mr. R. Cardoza, Sec.
Widows' Friendly Society ; Mr. S. Aloof, Sec.
Ladies' Charity, Burton- crescent ; Miss Toledano, Sec.
Ladies' Benevolent Association for Clothing Female Chil-
dren ; Miss Clara Nathan, Sec.
Society for Cheering the Needy at Festivals; Mr. M.
Samuels, Sec.
For Allowing Weekly Stipend to the Needy; Mr. J.
Jacobs, Sec.
Lying-in Charity for Indigent Women; Mrs. Lucas, Sec.
Society for Relieving the Indigent Poor in the Holy Land ;
Sir Moses Montefiore, Treas.
The Linusariaris Benevolent Loan Society is primarily a
Jewish institution ; but being open to all classes of the
labouring poor, will be referred to under Charities for
Aiding the Resources of the Industrious.
148
Cjiaritirs fnr
CHAPTER VIII.
FOR DIMINISHING DISTRESS, AND AIDING
THE RESOURCES OF THE INDUSTRIOUS.
National Philanthropic Association for tl:e Employment of Able-bodied
Paupers. — Plan for Churth of England Self-supporting Village Insti-
tution. — Emigration ; the Societies for its Promotion. — Scale of Re-
duced Payments for Colonial Emigration. — Emigration to Port Natal.
— The Canterbury Settlement. — Female Emigration — Funds for pro-
moting the Social and Religious Improvement of the Emigrants. —
Distressed Needlewomen's Society. — Dressmakers' and Milliners' Asso-
ciation. — Homes, and other Institutionsjor Female Servants. — Deferred
Annuities rendered available to Female Sei-vants. — Servants' Benevo-
lent Society. — Loan Societies: the Difficulty of their Existence upon
Benevolent Principles. — Particulars of those now in Existence. —Ap-
prenticeship Societies. — Bequests for Loans — Fees — and Marriage
Portions. — Savings' Banks : their Origin. — Summary of those in Lon-
don, with the Rate of Interest allowed by each, and the Amount of
Deposits, &c. — Savings' Working Banks, and Penny Banks.
It is not the mere application of a " Charity" to the poor
and needy that always helps them most, either as a class, or
in individual cases ; the benevolent will as often confer sub-
stantial service on them by affording information respecting
the savings banks, loan funds, and other provident institu-
tions brought together in this chapter, as ever they may do by
securing for them direct pecuniary benefits or presentations.
And, conflicting as the character, and questionable the
results of some of these plans may be, for the end in view
expressed by their titles, still it appears right that each
should be fully represented as far as practicable. It has been
well said, " the poor must be Aade. friends" : and an outlay
149
THE NATIONAL lilltinislling ^iStrrSS. PniLANTHROPIC.
of charitable subscriptions is not all that is requisite for the
purpose ; food and money is but a part of what they require ;
there must be an outlay of care, of kind attention, of bro-
therly feeling, a manifestation of many desires to help them ;
— and all this appears to form the actuating motive of the
promoters of all these various schemes ; and for this reason
as well, we conceive them entitled to our impartial consi-
deration.
The following summary affords briefly a sketch of the ex-
tent of what is comprehended in the present chapter : —
Of the societies in operation, there are — For the Em-
ployment of the Able-bodied Pauper, 1 ; Assistance of Poor
Needlewomen, 1 ; Dressmakers and Milliners, 1 ; Institutions
and Homes for Female Servants, 7 ; Apprenticeship Fee
Funds, available for the Poor of Special Counties, 4. Total, 14.
Of these, the aggregate annual income
amounts to ... . £7,246
Of which, there is derived from voluntary
contributions .... .£4,677
All but one established during the present century.
Of the societies and plans in contemplation, or in opera-
tion for less than a year, may be included — For Promoting
Emigration, 6 ; For Improving the Social and Moral Com-
fort of the Emigrant, 2 ; Plan for Self-Supporting Villages, 1 .
Of Loan Societies there are full particulars of 39 ; of Sav-
ings Banks, 26 ; Examples of Working Banks, 1 ; and of
Penny Banks, 1.
Examples are also afforded of such charitable bequests, in
the gift of parochial or other trustees, as are applicable to
the present subject (a more general epitome of such trusts
forming a future chapter).
THE NATIONAL PHILANTHROPIC ASSOCIA-
TION, 40, Leicester-square ;i founded 1842 ; appears to
claim first attention, from the large scope of its purposes,
and the peculiar affinity of part of them to the present sub-
ject. The avowed objects of the association are very exten-
sive, to judge from the publications and addresses emanating
from it ; and aim so much at theoretical questions, that, but
for the practical turn given to a portion of them, it would
scarcely be within our scope, benevolent and charitable as
its views and objects are. These are thus expressed : —
1 Originally designated " The Poor Man's Friend Society."
150
PLAN FOB A SELF- CljHntipS fflf SUPPORTING VILLAGE.
" For the promotion of social and salutiferous improvements ;
street cleanliness ; and the employment of the poor ; so that
able-bodied men may be prevented from burthening the
parish rates, and preserved independent of workhouse alms
and degradation." All this is excellent in theory, and un-
exceptionable ; and we shall gladly see further operations
as practically carried out as the " street-orderly system,"
originated and promoted by this association. Its president,
Mr. Cochrane, deserves great credit for the liberal support
and persevering energy with which he has promoted the
system. It was first tested during the winter of 1 843-4, in
the neighbourhood of Regent and Oxford-streets ; afterwards
extended over other parts of London. At one time, upwards
of one hundred of these orderlies were employed, at a weekly
payment of 12s. each, under inspectors, the whole cost being
borne by the association, in order to induce the parochial
authorities of the several metropolitan parishes to support
such employment of the able-bodied paupers out of the
rates. Several of the leading parishes, it is satisfactory to
see, have profited by the demonstration ; and there appears
every prospect of this really wise and desirable arrangement
being generally adopted throughout London.
In the mean time, by reference to the balance sheet of the
last published report of this association, we find that it is
very deeply in debt to its president ; and its means of sup-
port for future operations, as well as continuing present use-
fulness, entirely depend upon voluntary contributions.
The association has published several works relating to the
various subjects involved in its title, mostly advocating and
explaining its own proceedings. The report is an interesting
document, and affords results of personal inquiries into some
of the worst localities in London, bringing together much
useful information for the philanthropist and social reformer.^
President, Charles Cochrane, Esq. — Treasurer, B. B. Cabbell,
Esq., M.P. — Secretary, Mr. C. Mackenzie. — Collector, Mr. Wil-
liam Gooch.
THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND SELF-SUPPORT-
ING Village Institution.^ Ofiice, 32, Sackville-street. Ori-
ginated in 1843. Formed for the purpose of collecting and
^ " Sanitary Progress," 2nd edition, 28. 6d. ; 8vo., pp. 251. Hatchard
and Son : 18.50.
^ This design would appear somewhat parallel to the recent land-
^ 151
SELF-SUPPORTING Diminisjiing ^istrrss. village inst.
imparting information upon the subject of promoting the
religious, moral, and general improvement of the working
classes, by founding establishments of three hundred families
on the land, and combining agricultural and manufacturing
employment for their own benefit. The estimated expense
of each establishment is stated at ^45,800 ; and the balance
left from annual returns by labour and produce, about ^4,000,
after paying interest on outlay, and every other expense.
In the arrangements, the reasonable comforts of all parties
will be considered ; involving thereby a larger outlay than
would be required if the object were merely commercial.
It is proposed that the required funds shall be raised by do-
nations, shares, or loans, at five per cent., until repaid by the
industry of the inmates, when the establishment will belong
to themselves and to their successors for ever. In the mean-
time, the management to be vested in Directors.
schemes of Feargus O'Connor ; and, althoujjh promising very different
management, and upon higher principles, yet the details of the late trial
connected therewith, present so total a failure, and develope so many diffi-
culties in the way of self-supporting communities, that it must he much
doiihted whether the benevoleut promoters even of this scheme will be
enabled to carry it out.
The Labourer's Friend Society, an institution already detailed under
the head of another of its objects, presents the most gratilying details and
prospects of further success, its efforts being well directed, and practically
exemplified. The agent in Kent and the southern counties, who is em-
ployed in obtaining land and setting it out in allotments, in any parish
where his services may be required, has reported more than fifty parishes
in one county, in which there are now above 3000 allotments. The ex-
tension of this field-garden, or cottager allotment system, advocated by
that society, appears free from the evils and troubles incident to exclu-
sive supporting communities, and to be highly desirable. It was warmly
recommended in a late parliamentaiy report ; and it is only to be regret-
ted, that, to many districts, it proves of impracticable application, for
want of an agency of sufficient powers.
As far back as 1818, we find a society was formed, advocating the allot-
ment system, but on different principles, entitled" Society for the Encou-
ragetnent of Industry," which sets forth in the prospectus, " that an
eminent means of improving the condition of the labouring class, would
be, to afford the labouring poor small portions of land on easy terms." This
appears, however, to have degenerated more into a political organ, and to
have resulted in no practical effort, or model establishment. Some of the
sections of the Act of 1819, " to amend the law s for the relief of the poor,"
authorising overseers, &c. to purchase land for the employment of pau-
pers, may be traced to its influences.
152
SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING (ChHritJES fflf COLONIZATION, A.D.1838
No member is considered as individually sanctioning, or
identifying himself with the general principle, unless he has
consented to become a shareholder, or authorized the use of
his name.
All communications to be addressed to the Honorary Se-
cretary, J. M. Morgan, Esq., 12, Stratton-street ; also to the
Rev. R. Larken, Burton Rectory, near Lincoln ; and the
Rev. Joseph Brown, Christchurch, Blackfriars.
Colonization and Emigration. As before stated, inser-
tion is given to the following emigration schemes, not so
much on account of any abstract characteristic of charity
about them, as with the view of affording some little infor-
mation to such as may be seeking it in connexion with plans
for assisting the poorer classes. Emigration is now recog-
nized to such an extent, as the panacea for destitution and
distress, both by those requiring assistance as well as those
desiring to assist, that no opportunity is lost of advertising
into notoriety various schemes of private interest, and advo-
cating peculiar measures, all claiming to be for the same
purpose, namely, alleviating the wants of an over-populated
country. Mixed with such, however, are institutions that
owe their origin wholly, and their present support in part,
to the exertions of the disinterested and charitable ; and it
has been the endeavour to select such only as have a title to,
and require the same.
THE SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF COLO-
NIZA TION, 7, Charing-cross ; established 1848 ; appears
to possess this claim in a special degree, its object being to
advance emigration in quarters where it is both desirable for
the classes who emigrate, for the government under whose
sway they continue, and for the combined welfare, both of
our country and her large dependencies ; in short, whatever
can be urged in favour of emigration, comes with double
power and force for colonization.
Until recently, the only contribution to colonial society
was crime — and taxation to control the crime — which our
country engendered and imposed upon her colonies. The
effect has long been, that honest industry sought its way to
foreign shores ;^ destitution was preserved at home until it
^ In 1847, of 258,270 persons who emigrated, 142,154 proceeded direct
to the United States, and it is computed that 37,000 more went by the
153
COLONIZATION JBiniiiiisIjing Sistrrss. sociETy,A.D.i848
produced dishonesty ; and the British convict was then con-
verted into a British colonist. It is to be hoped that no
future government will revert to a system so destructive in
its consequences.
This association was originally designated, "The Labourers'
Relief Emigration Committee." Its objects now are rather
expanded ; and involve assistance by information, loans, and
reduction of passage monies, to all persons desiring it, ac-
cording to certain regulations, that may be had at the office.
The revenue by which emigration to Australia and the
Cape of Good Hope is supported, is derived from the rent
and sale of crown lands within these colonies. Before the
establishment of this society, the whole expense was borne
from such revenue ; but under the new regulation, which
prescribes mutual payments, the colonial funds are econo-
mized, and consequently rendered applicable to a larger
number : the principle involves no imposition of a fresh
charge ; but a different application of existing payments.^
Whilst upon this subject, it is satisfactory to perceive, from
a late report of the emigration commissioners, that as a con-
sequence of the adoption of the suggestions of this society
by the government, about 3,000 emigrants to the colonies had
contributed, in part payment of their passages, upwards of
£10,300. Also, a number of young women from the Union
workhouses had been despatched, on payment by the parishes
of £4 per head towards their passages.
The following scale of payments toward passages to the
Australian colonies and the Cape of Good Hope, has been
adopted by the commissioners of emigration, and is now in
force.
"Australia. — 1st. Agricultural Labourers, Shepherds, Herds-
St. Lawrence ; making, in all, about 180,000 ; or, in one year, a number
equal to the whole population of Australia. An increasing current of
wealth and enterprise thus flowed to foreigners, absorbing capital and
population, while scarcely more than a few hundred persons, during
several years, found their way to the British possessions in the southern
hemisphere.
^ The government emigration plans are under the direction of The
Colonial Land and Emigration Board, established for the purpose
of superintending the sale and settlement of the waste lands of the crown
in the British colonies, and the conveyance of emigrants thither. Office,
9, Park-street, Westminster. Commissioners : T. W. C. Murdock, C. A.
Wood, T. Rogers, Esqrs.^Secretary, S. Walcott, Esq. — London Port
Agent, Lieut Lean.
154
SOCIETY FOR PBOMOTIXG CIlHritijS fUt C01,ONIZATION,A.D.1848
men, and Female Domestic and Farm Servants, under 40, 21. ; 40
and under 50, 6^. ; 60 and under 60, 11^. ; 60 and upwards, 151.
2nd. " Country Mechanics — such as Blacksmiths, Bricklayers,
Carpenters, Masons, Miners, Wheelwrights, Gardeners, and
Females of the Working Class, not being Domestic or Farm
Servants, under 40, 51. ; 40 and under 50, 9>l. ; 50 and under 60,
12Z. ; 60 and upwards, \5l.
3rd. " Other persons of the Labouring Class, if deemed by the
Commissioners desirable for the Colony, under 40, 7^. ; 40 and
under 50, lOZ. ; 50 and under 60, 13L ; 60 and upwards, 151.
4th. " All children under 14 years of age pay 11. each ; and if
the family contains more than two children at the time of em-
barkation under 10 years of age, for each child 51. additional
must be paid.
" Young men under 1 8 not accompanying their parents, are
admissible only on payment of the sum in the 3rd class of the scale.
" The emigrants must consist principally of married couples,
not above 40 years of age. The candidates most acceptable are
young married couples without children. The separation of pa-
rents from children under 16 will in no case be allowed. Single
women under 18 are not eligible, unless they are emigrating with
their parents, or under the immediate care of some near married
relatives. Out of these payments, the beddings and mess utensils
required on the voyage, are provided by the Commissioners.
''Cape of Good Hope. — Agricultural Labourers, etc. (as before),
14 and under 40, nil; 40 and under 50, il. ; 50 and upwards, 91.
Mechanics, etc., 14 and imder 40, M. ; 40 and under 50, &l. ;
50 and upwards, 91.
"All other persons of the Labouring Classes, 14 and under 40,
51. ; 40 and under 50, 'Jl. ; 50 and upwards, 91.
" For Children — i.e. persons under 14 years of age : — Two chil-
dren of persons assisted to emigrate on the above terms will be
conveyed free. 51. will be required for each child in excess of
this number. A deposit of 11. has also to be paid for every per-
son above 14, and 10s. for every child above one and under 14
years of age ; which is retained to meet the expense of bedding
and mess utensils supplied by the Commissioners, and as some
security that the people will come forward to embark."
It will be well to add, as a caution, that this society now
under consideration, employs no agents ; but transacts its
business throughout the country by means of branch societies.
One pound annually constitutes a member, entitled to re-
ceive publications, and having the privilege of recommend-
ing candidates for emigration on reduced fares.
Chairman of Committee, Earl of Harrowby. — Treasurer, Capt.
H. G. Hamilton, R.N. — Secretary, John Whelan, Esq. — Bankers,
Messrs. Ransom and Co.
155
COLONIZATION jiniiiiislimg Histrm. soci ety, i848
The School Fund in connexion with the Colonization Society,
consistsof a fund for sending out religious teachers and school-
master on board each emigrant ship bound for the colonies,
with the more immediate view of improving the period of the
voyage (ordinarily lasting four or five months), to the young
and ignorant. The importance of such a provision may be ga-
thered from the fact of nearly half a million of emigrants hav-
ing left our shores in the past two years alone ; and in many
cases, reports, too well authenticated, have been received, as
to the low moral tone prevailing on board the vessels convey-
ing them ; the evil results of which do not end with the
voyage, but affect the after-life of the emigrants, and per-
haps the best interests of the colonies of which they become
citizens. This fund is under the management of a sub-
committee of the society. A free passage and a gratuity are
given to such persons, but no guarantee of support or em-
ployment after their arrival, for which they have to depend
on their own exertions. They have to undergo an examina-
tion, and testimonials to their religious and moral character
are required.
Chairman of the Sub-Committee, the Earl of Harrowby. — Trea-
surer of the Fund, Arthur Mills, Esq. — Honorary Secretary of
Sub-Committee, WiUiam H. G. Kingston, Esq.
Since the formation of the last named society, the Act 11
and 12 Vict., c. 110, has been passed, empowering Unions
and Parishes to levy an emigration rate for the passage-
money of the settled and unsettled poor : the means of
effecting the purpose being little known, parishes have not
availed themselves of it to any great extent,' but documents
explanatory of the course of proceeding are supplied to
boards of guardians on application to the Colonization So-
ciety ;{and there is every reason to suppose, that 1850 will
see an extraordinay amount spent for the purpose, and an
unequalled number of emigrants leave our shores ; there
can be little doubt of this in the face of much agricultural
distress at home, and the glowing representations of what is
offered in other lands, besides the pecuniary advantages pre-
sented to the heavily-taxed ratepayer, by getting quit of the
^ By the Poor-Law Board returns for the year ending Lady-day 1847,
there appears to have been only .£8,456 spent, from the rates, towards
such purposes; and for the year ending Lady-day 1848, ^12,301. The
amount for the present year will, perhaps, more than double this.
156
EMIGRATION Ctrarilifs fnr
able-bodied and burdensome pauperj And thus argues a
powerful organ of public opinion, in a recent article upon
the subject ; after premising there are in England and Wales,
or were in July last, 997,796 paupers maintained at an ex-
pense of £5,792,963 from the rates ; the writer thus con-
tinues : " Such is the case at home. A million paupers costing
the country at the rate of £5 : 16s. a year. From this
prospect look across the Atlantic, and sail round the Cape
to the Antipodes. Everywhere we possess, without dispute,
without let or hindrance, as fully and as freely as our own
paddocks and lawns, land enough not only for one million,
but for a hundred millions. The inhabitants of these
regions clamour for our labourers ; the cattle ask to be
milked, the sheep to be eaten, the harvest to be reaped, and
all nature to be occupied and enjoyed. The woods and
dales are vocal with invitation. Then, as for the means of
conveyance, it is not a barren wilderness that separates our
land of promise from our house of bondage, but the ocean
— an ocean in which we are ever at home, filled with our
merchantmen and protected by our fleets — an ocean the
greatest perils of which are those which a vessel escapes
from when it loses sight of our own shores— an ocean which,
so far from being any real obstacle, is, in fact, the readiest,
easiest, safest, and cheapest means of communication be-
tween the extremes of poverty and abundance described.
Only one other link in the chain is wanting, and that is the
expense. It is supplied by the simple fact that one million
paupers cost us annually about 5^. 16s. a head. One year's
maintenance of one million paupers would place them with
a sovereign each in their pockets in Upper Canada. Two
years' maintenance would land them at Cape Town or Port
Natal. Three years' maintenance would distribute them
over Australia, Van Diemen's Land, and New Zealand.
Such are the broad features of a case, such the simple con-
ditions of a problem, without a parallel for interest and im-
portance."
Writing like this, however varied the feeling it may occa-
sion, must cause the conviction that emigration is and will
be greatly on the increase ; it presents an evident and pecu-
liar feature of the times, and one of the many means to-
wards the accomplishment of the great and certain predic-
tion that " the knowledge of the Lord shall cover the earth
as the waters cover the sea"; as its associations bring to
157
EMIGRATION 1111111115 jllllg llStlTSS. SOCIETIES.
mind the fulfilment of promises; so do they present the
opportunities of obeying precepts, to " preach the Gospel to
every creature" ; and, however, the benevolent may differ as
regards the desirableness of aiding emigration, to the na-
tional extent referred to, the Christian will only see the
fresh opportunities it presents of spreading abroad the
knowledge of the Great Redeemer. But not further to
anticipate institutions founded for thus influencing the
operations of emigration societies, it will be well to draw
attention to the others on our list.
THE NATIONAL BENEVOLENT EMIGRATION
SOCIETY, 9 George-yard, Lombard-street, is only now form-
ing, but it is so with names of such guarantee as to its disin-
terested future management, that no hesitation can be enter-
tained to briefly stating its objects. They appear first of all to
be, to give system to the internal efforts of parishes for pro-
moting the emigration of their own poor, and to aid, by the
funds placed at their disposal from voluntary contributions,
such parishes, in proportion to the amount from their respec-
tive rates. The committee state their first desire to be this :
cooperating with parishes from the belief that "they form the
best machinery for carrying out emigration" to the extent
we have been contemplating : and the remaining portion of
the fund which may be raised, it is designed to apply
for providing a free passage and necessaries for such poor
persons as have no direct settlement, selected from the house
of the society for affording shelter to the houseless, and re-
fuge for the destitute, &c., and from personal applicants at
the society's oflBces. Also in providing passages for such
poor persons as may be able to provide a portion of the ne-
cessary iunds, but unable to raise the whole amount required
for their passage.
The chief and peculiar benefit of such a society as this
depends entirely on the efficient carrying out of the follow-
ing details of the design, as set forth in the preliminary
prospectus : " In all cases where persons are selected for
emigration, they will be received at the society's depot,
in the metropolis, where they will receive a short probation,
in order that they may be brought to a fit state, both of
body and mind, to undertake the vojage, under the superin-
tendence of a competent medical man and a clergyman ; and,
on their arrival in the colony, they will be received by the
158
EMIGRATION TO CjiaritiPS ffll POKT NATAL.
agents of the society, and placed under proper management
for their protection and distribution.
In order to remove the chief objections at present raised
against emigration, the society proposes to pay the greatest
attention to the arrangements on board ships despatched
under their auspices, and they have for that object several
plans under consideration. \A. schoolmaster, matron, and a
surgeon, will be provided by~lhe society to carry out regula-
tions on board, also a suitable selection of moral and reli-
gious booksT}
The operations of the society must of course be entirely
controlled by the extent of its receipts, and will depend
upon voluntary contributions for its support ; one excellent
arrangement promised by the committee, is a quarterly state-
ment of the receipts, disbursements, and entire working of
the society. The published list of the committee comprises
six clergymen and eight other gentlemen, and as the re-
sponsible officers, the following :
Treasurer, John Dean Paul, Esq. — Auditors : John Petrie Mac-
killop, Esq. ; Thos. Gibbs, Esq. — Manager, Charles W. Parsons,
Esq.- — Solicitors, Messrs. Wadeson and Malleson, 1 1, Austinfriars.
— Surgeon, Robert Bowie, Esq. — Surveyor of Shipping, Captain
J. W. Douglas. — Bankers : Messrs. Strahan, Paul, Paul, and
Bates, 217, Strand ; Messrs. Bosanquet, Franks, and Whatman,
73, Lombard-street. — Secretary, Frederick F. Hilder, Esq.
Emigration to Port Natal, South Africa, appears to
afford peculiar inducements to those who are a remove above
absolute want, and have some resources of their own to avail
themselves of. And a company recently formed, under the
direction of Messrs. J. C. Byrne & Co., presents apparently
a fair and desirable mode of employing these to the best
advantages : the scheme can claim no credit on account of
any peculiar benevolent design in its formation ; it is purely
a commercial affair, but one of character, and under the
sanction of government, fostered for the special purpose of
promoting colonization at this port.
A steerage passage, with provisions, is afforded, and twenty
acres of land granted, for the sum of £10 ; provided the in-
tending emigrant is either a labourer, mechanic, farmer,
tradesman, or of small capital ; proceeding to occupy and
cultivate land in the colony.
Forms have to be filled up by the intending emigrant,
fully specifying particulars ; and testimonials are required
159
FEMALE Diminisljiiig Sistrfss. emigration.
as to honesty, general good character, and non-likelihood of
becoming a burden to the colony. The necessary forms may
be obtained at the office, as well as other particulars.
Similar care appears to be taken, as by the last-mentioned
Society, for securing good vessels and promoting comfort on
board ; and pursuant to government requisites, a clergyman
and surgeon sail with each.
Agents and General Superintendents, Messrs. J. C. Byrne and
Co., 12, Pall Mall East.
The new Colony of Canterbury, in New Zealand, is a
settlement founded exclusively on Christian principles ; con-
nected with the Church of England, and enjoys the personal
superintendence and residence of Bishop Selwyn.
There is no permanent association for assisting persons
desirous of joining the colony, but arrangements are made
from time to time, by independent bodies of colonists and
intending emigrants ; thus, at the present time, there is a
daily meeting of such advertised as assembling at 1a, Adelphi
Terrace.
Full and detailed information, concerning the principles,
objects, plans, and proceedings, of the founders of this
settlement, will be found in "the Canterbury Papers," pub-
lished by Mr. J. W. Parker, West Strand.
FUND for PROMOTING FEMALE EMIGRA TJON,
4, St. Martin's-place. Now being established under the main
instrumentality of Mr. Sidney Herbert, with the view, if pos-
sible, of abating two existing evils ; one the inequality of the
number of females to males in the Colonies ;' the other the
extreme destitution and suffering amongst the working women
in our own iand,^ by promoting emigration on an extensive
scale. It is proposed at once to open a register for such as
^ In 1847 there were, in New South Wales, only 41,000 females to
83,000 males ; in South Australia, 13,000 females to 17,000 males ; and
similar disproportions exist in Van Diemen's Land, and other colonial
dependencies. In Great Britain, on the contrary, the present estimated
excess of the female population, is stated to be half a million. — Hon.
Sidney Herbert's Letter to the Times.
* In the metropolis, above 33,500 women are engaged in the single
business of ajipcirel luaking. It is estimated that 28,501} of them are
under twenty years of age ; and that of these, a large portion are subsist-
ing, or attempting to subsist, on sums varying from 4^d. to 2ld. a day. —
Horace Mayhew.
160
FEMALE EMIGRANT €|jaritirS fill SOCIETX, A.D. 1849
desire to avail themselves of the fund, and in the first in-
stance to extend its assistance to that class which, as the
poorest and most helpless, has a reasonable claim to early
consideration, — the needlewomen and slopworkers. The as-
sistance will either be by gift or loan, according to the scale
of public support given to the measure, and regulated by
the circumstances of each case. Care and comfort will be
secured for the passage out, and facilities afforded at the
colonies for obtaining respectable positions.
Donations can, if it be desired, be paid in four annual
instalments.
Chairman of Committee, Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, M.P. —
Secretary (pro tem.), W. T. Haly, Esq.
The St. Marylehoou Parochial Association, is under the
direction of a local committee, appointed to aid the same
object, and has been formed in the hope that other parishes
of the kingdom will follow the example, and thus render
this great national plan the assistance it so well merits.
The committee meet at the court-house every Wednesday
at 11, and the attendance and support of the parishioners of
Marylebone is earnestly solicited.
Treasurer, Capt. Holland, R.N., 8, Upper Wimpole-street. —
Hon. Secretary, Henry C. Wilson, Esq.
\j]he next institution is one formed for the personal benefit
of the female emigrants themselves ; it appears a measure
in the right direction, and its design has our best sympa-
thies and wishes-::^
THE BRITISH LADIES' FEMALE EMIGRANT
SOCIETY, 25, Red Lion-square. Has only recently been
established ; but it promises to form as valuable an adjunct
to the preceding benevolent fund, as its operations ought
to prove inseparable from every emigration scheme. The
plan has been in active trial at Plymouth and Deptford since
March 1849 : its object is to promote the moral and spiritual
well-being of female emigrants, and to counteract the dan-
gers of the mixed association among so many during the long
period of undisciplined idleness, by providing visitation at
the ports, whereby books and materials for employment are
supplied, industrial classes formed, and friendly counsel and
assistance afforded to female emigrants.
For the furtherance of these views, it especially endea-
I
161
neediewomen's iliilillg tjlf SllhUStrinilS. society,a.d.1843
vours to promote the appointment of judicious and efficient
matrons to superintend the young women. Should the funds
allow, the committee announce their intention also to pro-
vide some previous training for these matrons, and to assist
in the formation of homes in the colonies for the protection
of friendless female emigrants.
Treasurers : the Hon. Arthur Kinnaird, 35, Hyde-park-gardens ;
Robert Benson, Esq., 32, Hyde-park-gardens. — Hon. Secretaries :
Mrs. Margaret Benson, 6, Sussex-sq., Hyde-park ; Miss Bridges,
23, Red Lion-square ; Mrs. Christmas, 11, Spring-gardens. —
Bankers, Messrs. Ransom and Co., 1, Pall Mall East. — Assistant
Secretary, Mr. Charles Gwillim, 25, Red Lion-square.
Leaving the subject of Emigration, which has unavoidably 1
occupied greater space than was intended, -^
THE SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION AND
Employment of Distressed Needlewomen appears, by right of
association with the objects of the two last, next to claim
attention. The office is 5 Rathbone-place, Oxford-street. It
was formed at the Mansion House, in 1843; having its imme-
diate rise from the sympathy created amongst all classes, by
the ever memorable appeal in favour of the poor needle-
woman, " the Song of the Shirt".
Much good, from time to time, has doubtless accrued from
the advocacy by the society of the claims of this ill-paid but
industrious class of women ; but its operations have not
taken apparently any practical turn, beyond a slight amount
distributed as pecuniary assistance in last balance sheet,
amounting to £20 only, and an amount paid for work of rai-
ment for the destitute, £180 ; and at the present time its re-
sources appear so limited, as to threaten virtual suspension.
The measure now adopted of registering the names of deserv-
ing needlewomen, promises, if persevered in, to be of consi-
derable benefit, and one that cannot be too extensively
known, both for the workwomen and those who occasionally
feel the need of such as can be well recommended.
The last public measure attempted by the society was a
meeting, convened by it six weeks since (presided over by
Mr. Alderman Fairbrother), to draw attention to the injurious
tendency of prison labour upon the employment and remu-
neration of honest and industrious workwomen : this was
proved to demonstration, and warmly dwelt upon, by several
friends of the society.
11
162
DEESSMAKEES' AND CljflritirS ffll MILLINEES', A.D. 1843
The last published cash statement of the society shows an
income considerably under ^£500, arising from voluntary
contributions.
President, Mr. Alderman Fairbrother. — Chairman, Luke James
Hansard, Esq. — Hon. Secretary, George Fyson Roper, Esq., 7>
Eastbourne-terrace, Hyde-park. — Clerk, Mr. Flint, 78, Great
Portland-street.
Contemporary in its establishment with the last men-
tioned, and somewhat similar in character, is the
ASSOCIATION FOR THE AID AND PROTEC-
TION of Dress-makers and Milliners, 13, Clifford -street.
Established 1843. Its principal objects are — to induce the
principals of dress-making and millinery establishments to
limit the hours of actual work to twelve per diem, and to
abolish in all cases working on Sundays ; to promote an im-
proved system of ventilation ; to aid in obviating the evils
connected with the present system, by inducing ladies to
allow sufficient time for the execution of orders and to en-
courage those establishments which zealously cooperate in
carrying out the objects of the association ; to afford pecu-
niary assistance to deserving young persons in cases of tem-
porary distress or difficulty, and medical advice, change of
air, and other assistance, in cases of sickness, at a moderate
cost. To realize these objects, a book has been opened at
the office, in which the names and addresses of young per-
sons of good character and capacity are entered free of ex-
pense, to meet the inquiries of employers seeking additional
assistants, especially in the busy season. During the past
year, 1,273 young women availed themselves of this, and
obtained comfortable assistance.
A Provident Fund has also been established, in which
young persons engaged in the business can deposit their
savings on Mondays, from 10 to 11 a.m.
President, Lord Ashley. — Treasurer, Sir Walter Farquhar, Bart.
— Hon. Secretary, R. 1). Grainger, Esq. — Consulting Actuary,
Adolphus W. Barnes, Esq. — Physicians : Dr. Hodgkin, Dr.
M'Intyre, Dr. J. R. Bennett. — Consulting Surgeons : J. Dal-
rymple, Esq. ; S. Solly, Esq. ; R. D. Grainger, Esq. — Surgeons :
J. P. WaU, Esq. ; M. Beale, Esq.— Collector, Mr. Gale, 107,
Great Portland-street. — Manager at the Office, Miss Newton.
THE DRESS-MAKERS' AND MILLINERS' PRO-
VIDENT and Benevolent Institution, 32, Sackville-street.
163
FEMALE servants' i^illing tjjB SllllllStrinnS. home, 1813-36
Established 1848. Arising out of the foregoing society, it
is fostered and promoted by it. Although distinct in its
management and means of support, some of the objects are
common to both ; but it is considered by the managers
thereof that the interests of each are best consulted by con-
tinuing separate. B. Moore, Esq., Honorary Secretary.
Of the various institutions for the benefit of Female Ser-
vants, the first established in London was in 1813, which for
many years, it must be believed, exercised a most important
influence amongst those who came within its benefits. The
peculiar value of its operations appears to have consisted in
the continuous system of its rewards for long and faithful
service, increasing in value from year to year ; also the con-
nexion maintained through future life between such as ob-
tained certificates, and the society, insuring for them relief
and counsel under any kind of trouble. This distinctive
part of the operation of the society has ceased to exist, and
its main objects merged into the following, which takes the
precedence of the other kindred societies, from its compre-
hending in its management what remained of the first society,
the original establishment of which is still maintained by it.
THE FEMALE SERVANTS' HOME SOCIETY, 21,
Nutford-place, and 110, Hatton-garden.i Established 1836.
For the encouragement of faithful female servants, and their
protection when out of place, by establishing homes in dif-
ferent parts of the metropolis and its immediate neighbour-
hood, where servants of good character are lodged at one
shilling per week, being provided with a separate bed, coals,
candles, house linen, a well furnished kitchen, and wash-
house, but boarded at their own expense. They are expected
to attend Divine Service twice on the Sabbath, seats at
church being provided for that purpose. Servants who have
been inmates of the "home", and can have a three years' cha-
racter as "a faithful servant," from a subscriber, are entitled
to participate in an annual distribution of rewards by the so-
ciety. Two "homes" are now established, as above, and others
are contemplated. During the past year, 489 servants have
been inmates, and 4,300 availed themselves of the registry.
One pound annually constitutes a member, entitled to
printed letters for admitting inmates to the home. The an-
^ The original institution, at 110, Hatton-garden, " for the improve-
ment and encouragement of female servants," was founded 1813.
164
FEMALE servants' (£||3ritiB5 ffll SOCIETIES, A.D. 1818-35
nual income is under £500, of which £70 is derived from
fees for registering, £80 from servants' payments, and the
remainder from voluntary contributions. The expenses are
within this amount, judging from last year's cash statement.
Non-subscribers may obtain servants from the registry on a
payment of 2s. 6d.
Treasurer, R. C. L. Bevan, Esq. — Chairman, Rev. Joseph Brown.
— Secretary, Rev. J. H. Simpson, M.A. — Honorary Solicitor, St.
Pierre B. Hook, Esq., Tokenhouse-yard, Bank. — Honorary Phy-
sicians, Dr. Dickson and Sir James Eyre. — Honorary Surgeons,
E. Barker, Esq., and J. Paul, Esq. — Matrons, Mrs. Butcher, 21,
Nutford-place, and Mrs. Peake, 110, Hatton-garden. — Assistant
Secretary, Mr. J. Seabrooke. — Collector, Mr. Buck.
PROVISIONAL PROTECTION SOCIETY, 92, Fen-
church-street. Instituted 1818. Is for the purpose of assist-
ing indigent female servants of good character, when out of
place and in indigent circumstances, by supplying them with
food, lodging, clothing, medical aid, or a small loan of money,
according to the necessity of the case, the merits of which is
personally investigated before any assistance is granted.
Half-a-guinea annually, or £5 donation, entitles to recom-
mend one case. 1,700 females have been assisted by the
funds since the formation of the society.
Treasurer, Mrs. Cornelius Hanbury, Plough-court, Lombard-
street. — Honorary Secretary, Mrs. Joseph T. Foster, Stamford-
hill. — Assist. Secretary, Mr. C. Cordelier, 92, Fenchurch-street.
— Bankers, Messrs. Drewett and Fowler.
NATIONAL GUARDIAN INSTITUTION, 46, Bed-
ford-row. Established 1825. For the purpose of protecting
the public from the evils arising in giving false characters
to bad servants ; and for the encouragement of those whose
characters bear the test of strict inquiry, providing them
with situations, granting relief in sickness or distress, and
permanent provision in old age. The alms-houses of the in-
stitution are in Raven-row, Mile-end-road ; and accommo-
date eleven persons, who receive each four shillings per week.
Ten guineas donation, or one guinea annual, constitute
governors, with the following privileges : to apply for ser-
vants for their own establishments ; to recommend such as
are in want of employ for gratuitous admission on the books
of the institution ; and in sickness or distress, for medical or
pecuniary relief ; or as candidates when vacancies occur in
165
SERVANTS, Ming tjjB ^ntostrinns. a.d. 1847-9
the alms houses belonging to the institution ; and to vote
pensions for life, or permanent provision in old age, to the
infirm and destitute. The income is derived chiefly from
voluntary contributions, the funded property not exceeding
J700 : the account books, it is represented, are open, for the
satisfaction of those desiring to support the society, but no
statement of funds is appended to the published report.
Treasurer, William Tooke, Esq., 39, Bedford-row.— Secretary,
Mr. Thomas Butt. — Bankers, London and Westminster Bank, 214,
High Holborn. — Investigator and Collector, Mr. A. M'Kenzie.
THE CHRISTIAN FEMALE SERVANTS RE-
GISTER, 4, College Terrace, Camden Town. Established
1849. For the like purpose as the foregoing institutions ;
endeavouring to obtain situations of a Christian character
for female servants ; to impart instruction to the incompe-
tent ; and to afford temporary assistance when needed.
Time of application, both from servants and families, be-
tween 11 and 1 every day, except Saturday and Sunday, at
the office.
Treasurer, Lieut. John Blackmore, R.N., 27, Gloucester-place.
— Secretary, Mrs. A. E. Ferry.
HOME AND REGISTRY FOR FEMALE SER-
VANTS, 5, Millman Street, Bedford Row. Vide Female
Aid Society, p. 104.
Benevolent benefit funds for servants, have recently occupied
much consideration on the part of the highest in the land,
and the last few years have served to develope the peculiar
advantages attending their operations, and afford reasons for
their extension ; — so long back as 1834,
THE SERVANTS INSTITUTION, 42, Great Mary-
bone Place, was established ; embracing to a limited extent
the features now presented in all their comprehensiveness,
by the institution of 1847 ; with this, apparently (vide note),
it is now amalgamated, upon terms satisfactory to the mem-
bers of the latter institution, and very beneficial to the cause
mutually advocated.
THE SERVANTS PROVIDENT AND BENEVO-
LENT Society/, 8, Cork Street, Established 1847,1 thus re-
^ Originally at 5, Argyll-street, and amalgamated, 1819, with the " Ser-
vants' Institution", of Great Marylebone-street The Prince Consort
166
servants' provident CfjflritiBS fnr SOCIETY, A.D. 1847
ferred to, may be safely described as originated on a most
comprehensive plan, and is well calculated to afford the
security, relief, and provision to this class described in the
words of the report, " as the largest of all classes of Her
Majesty's subjects," i on a scale commensurate with their de-
pendance and necessities.
The directors — considering that as the large majority of
such a class will necessarily come to the workhouse, or re-
quire other relief in their old age, no sufficient provision for
their necessities can be met by small payments, or the even-
tual probability of some few being elected annuitants to a
benevolent fund — have determined, as their principal objects,
to arrange for servants the security of government deferred
annuities ; to explain the nature of these annuities ; and to
assist occasionally in the payment of the annual premiums —
saving all preliminary expenses. Also to secure endowments
for their children, of from ^10 to £50, upon arriving at 14
or 21 years of age ; and the payment of ^10 at death for
funeral expenses.
The payments from members, to secure these provisions,
vary according to age ; tables of which, and every explana-
tion, is afforded at the office (from nine till five). Members
must not be under 15 years old, and are required to make
payments to one of the provident objects of the society, and
to subscribe to its rules : but no admission fee is required.
Contributions from the benevolent, consist of annual sub-
scriptions of 1 guinea, or donations of 10 guineas, constitut-
ing governors.
Annexed to the other objects of the benevolent fund, is
the establishment of a home for female servants out of place:
a lodging house for male servants, a registry of situations, a
library, and dispensary ; but these, after the first expenses,
are intended to be self-supporting.
took the chair at the public meeting of this iustitiition in May last, and
expounded its objects, and system of operation, in a very lucid and de-
tailed speech. Its amalgamation, at the time, was apparently to general
satisfaction ; but a late announcement has appeared, purporting to ema-
nate from the latter society, stating that, in consequence of the conditions
agreed upon not being fulfilled, the society contemplates resuming its old
operations.
1 By the census of 1841 there were, in the metropolis alone, of (domes-
tic servants, 39,300 males, and 129,400 females : total, 168,700. Nearly
one to eleven of the whole population.
167
servants' rafting ttl? :Slrilg5trinn5. isstitutiok,1846
Patron, the Prince Albert. — President, the Bishop of London.
— Treasurers : Harry Chester, Esq. ; T. Clarke, Esq. — Auditors :
E. Lawrance, Esq.; J. J. Miles, Esq. — Honorary Physician,
K. Gr. Latham, Esq., M.D. — Honorary Surgeon, J. Alexander,
Esq. — Secretary, Mr. George Grant. — Bankers, Messrs. Hoare,
Fleet-street.
THE GENERAL DOMESTIC SERVANTS' BENE-
VOLENT Institution, 32, Sackville-street, Piccadilly. Es-
tablished 1846. For the purpose of granting pensions of
from 15 to 25 pounds to members, and temporary assistance
at the discretion of the committee — who are guided especially
in their selection by the character and necessities, likewise
the duration and amount of membership of each applicant.
The payments vary from 3s. to 10s. per annum, according
to age and sex ; the society numbers 4000 such members,
and the permanent fund amounts to between 3 and 4 thou-
sand pounds. £\ annually, or £5 donation, constitute a
governor ; with four votes at all elections.
A registry for servants out of place has recently been added.
The present number of pensions granted, consists of two at
^20 each per anniim to men, and four at £15 each to women.
President, Lord Robert Grosvenor. — Treasurer, Thomson Han-
key, jxm., Esq. — Bankers, Sir William P. Call, Bart., and Co. —
Secretary, Mr. Thomas Douesberry.
The Charitable Bequests in trust with the various city
companies and parochial oflBcers, comprehend to a large ex-
tent, in some instances, amounts available for —
Loans, v;ith and without interest, to young men beginning
business, &c. Also marriage portions — apprenticeship fees —
«kc. : they are for the most part of special or local applica-
tion ; and a brief summary of such, will be included in the
chapter on Charities in the trust of the City Companies, (fee.
The following will serve as examples merely of what more
immediately are associated with the present subject. The
first is a loan trust : —
ARNEWA Y CHARITY, consists of funds vested in
trustees, who are enabled to grant loans thereof at interest,
to "Poor occupiers or traders resident within the city and
liberty of Westminster, that is to say, within the parishes of
Saint Margaret, and Saint John the Evangelist ; Saint Anne,
Soho ; Saint Clement Danes ; Saint George, Hanover-square ;
Saint James ; Saint Martin-in-the-fields ; Saint Mary-le-
Strand ; and Saint Paul Covent-garden.
168
APPKEXTICESHIP FEE CjjarititS flU AND OTHER FUNDS.
The loans granted under this trust, consist of sums from as
much as £50 to £100. The repayment is not usually required
under two years, and the rate of interest 3 per cent. Printed
forms of application to be had of the clerk to the trustees,
which must he filled up and sent in, one clear week before
the first of the month, when the trustees meet to determine
loans. Hours of attendance, from 10 until 3 o'clock. Clerk,
and Solicitor to the Trustees, Mr. E. S. Stephenson, 12, Great
Queen Street. The second is for
MARRIAGE PORTIONS, Founded 1781, by will of
Edward Dickenson, Esq., who left £5000 stock ; the inte-
rest of which to be divided on the first month after Easter
day, between three new married couples from each parish of
St. Margaret ; St. John the Evangelist, Westminster ; and
of Acton. Each distribution with the approbation of the
Bishop of London for the time being.
Petitions for this charity are taken into consideration by
the trustees on the Wednesday in Easter week, and they
decide on the nine couples to receive the bounty, which con-
sists of £15 each. The third consists of trust for appren-
tice fees : —
FELLOWES' CHARITY FOR APPRENTICING
Poor Children, lately extended in its benefits by authority of
the Court of Chancery, who direct the trustees thereof for the
time being to apply the funds " for and towards placing out
and apprenticing such and so many poor children, male or
female, bom within the parish of St. Martin Vintry, to honest
trades and employments, as the said trustees shall think fit,
and judge to be proper objects of charity ;" and if at Christ-
mas in any year the said funds, or any part thereof, shall re-
main undisposed of, the trustees are authorized, in the course
of the three following months, to apply the same in appren-
ticing poor children born within the parish of St. Michael
Paternoster Royal ; and if any of such funds still remain after
such three months, then to apply the same in apprenticing
poor children born within the Ward of Vintry. The necessary
forms of application, and any further information, may be
obtained of Mr. Hubbard, 18, Bucklersbury.
The following are funds arising from voluntary contribu-
tions for the same purpose, but applicable only for children
bom of parents of specified counties.
169
SOMERSET, 1811 SiMng \\^t IlltorinM. Worcester, 1815
HEREFORDSHIRE SOCIETY, 11, Gray's-inn-square.
Instituted 1710. For clothing and apprenticing the poor
children of Herefordshire parents, and other useful purposes,
consistent with the intent of the society, as may be approved
and ordered at a committee or general meeting. Apprentice
fees available only to children of 13 years of age or upwards,
one of whose parents must be a native of the county. Ap-
plication to be made by petition, obtainable of the Secretary,
and must be recommended by two governors ; apprentice
fee not to exceed £25 in London or £15 in Hereford.
Supported chiefly by subscriptions and donations, the
funded property not exceeding .£1400.
One guinea per annum, or ten guineas donation, constitutes
a governor with two votes ; persons connected with the
coimty can subscribe 12s. annually, which entitles] them to
one vote.
President, the Lord Lieutenant of the County. — Treasurer, Ro-
bert Biddulph, Esq., Charing-crosa.— Honorary Secretary, Charles
Gwillim Jones, Esq., 11, Gray's Inn-square.— Collector, Mr. Ed-
win Day, Broad-street, Hereford.
SOMERSETSHIRE SOCIETY, 14, Red Lion-square.
Established 1811, for the purpose of apprenticing the chil-
dren of poor Somersetshire parents resident in London, and
also for lending to such as shall be so apprenticed, if their
conduct shall have been meritorious, a certain sum of money
without interest at the expiration of their apprenticeships,
to establish them in business. The apprentice fee not to
exceed ^25. The loans, for four years without interest, not
to exceed £60. 160 children have been apprenticed since
the formation of the fund.
One guinea annual, or ten guineas at one time, constitutes
a governor with one vote. The amount of funded property
is about £2000, but it chiefly depends on the contributions of
its members.
President, Earl of Burlington. — Treasurer, John Jenkjms, Esq.
14, Red Lion-square. — Honorary Secretary, Alfred Bayard Shep-
pard, Esq., 18, Lincoln's-Inn-fields. — Collector, Mr. Henry Tris-
tram. — Bankers, Messrs. Hoare and Co.
WORCESTERSHIRE SOCIETY. Established 1815, for
apprenticing children of necessitous persons, natives of the
county, resident in London and its vicinity, and also for
lending them a sum of money at the expiration of their
170
WILTSHIRE SOCIETY. CjjHlitijS flit A.D. 1817
apprenticeship, to establish them in business, if their con-
duct shall have been meritorious.
From 8 to 12 boys are elected to its benefits annually; the
amount of premiums paid in each case, averaging £25.
154 have been thus apprenticed since the society's establish-
ment. The annual income arises chiefly from subscriptions
and donations of its members, amounting last year to £202,
and from dividends £29.
One guinea annual constitutes a governor, entitled to one
vote ; 10 guineas a life-governor.
President, J. H. H. Foley, Esq., M.P. — Treasurer, R. L. Jones,
Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Robarts and Curtis. — Honorary Secretary,
J. M. Knott, Esq., York Hotel, New Bridge-street. — Collector,
Mr. D. W. Nash, 7, Foregate-street.
WILTSHIRE SOCIETY, 25, Austin Friars. Established
1817, for apprenticing the children of poor persons from
Wiltshire, resident in London, with premiums of not more
than £20 ; and also for lending them, if deserving, a sum of
money, without interest, not exceeding jL'60, at the expira-
iion of their apprenticeship, to establish them in business.
The number of apprentices now placed out at the society's
expense is 51.
Ten guineas at a single payment, or one guinea annually,
constitutes a governor. The funded property is nearly
.£5000, and the annual income from the dividends and volun-
tary contributions of its members, exceeds £300.
President, Robert Parry Nisbet, Esq. — Treasurer, John Hul-
bert, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, John Vincent, Esq. — Collector,
Mr. Henry Tristram, 12, Bankside, Southwark.
Loan funds for assisting the temporarily distressed but in-
dustrious, to a small extent, are attached to many parishes,
either in connexion with the visiting societies, or under other
local management ; but the assistance afforded is very limited,
and the requisite restrictions with which the loans are gene-
rally fettered, do much to neutralize their benefit. The
great want appears to be a general comprehensive plan, based
simply on Christian benevolence, depending for support on
voluntary contributions, and not, as in the case of " loan
societies", by profit derived from the fees and fines of
the unfortunate borrower, besides interest : it would seem
very desirable such a society should exist, where the poor
but industrious mechanic or labourer might, under certain
171
lOAN Min^ i^i Inhstriniig. societies.
conditions, be able to obtain a seasonable loan ; often may
independence be thus sustained, and the ruin of a deserving
family be averted, whilst far greater and more lasting benefit
is conferred than by any mere pecuniary gift.
The Friendly Loan Society; established 1836; for the
first years of its management at 20, Exeter Hall, and after-
wards at 50, Leicester Square, was conducted much upon
these principles ; but whether it were deficient in energy
of direction, or its operations lacked that spirit of benevo-
lence stipulated for, remains unknown — certain it is that
the plan faUed.i And it is urged by those who knew much
of its working, that the diflSculties to be encountered from
cases of intentional imposition and fraud, — of desire to
avoid repayment, even in bona fide cases, — and the expe-
dients often resorted to, in consequence of its charitable
character, wUl prevent a similar scheme being tried with the
prospect of successful result : that the habits of the great
mass of the London poor are, at present, against the appre-
ciation of such an institution : that it would be abused by
the designing borrower and his surety, leaguing together to
share the spoil, bafiling detection in suflBcient number of in-
stances to ruin the whole plan, or force it to such stringent
stipulations, and eventually to adopt the very proceedings
that now constitute the evils complained of in existing
" loan societies".
There is doubtless much of truth in all this, yet it is so
desirable that the deserving but hard-pressed mechanic
should benefit by a loan, without the fear of extreme mea-
sures being adopted by those who grant it, as developed in
late "palace-court cases", that it is to be hoped an attempt
like the Linusarian Fund, limited in extent though it be,
may meet with support, and serve to prove that it is possible,
by judicious but merciful rules, to confer the benefit without
entailing a loss.
^ The Charitable Corporation, which was estahlished as early as 1780,
for assisting the industrious poor with small sums upon pledges, at legal
interest, met with a similar fate. " During the first three years of its
management," Mr. Highmore states, " the funds were so misapplied, that
Parliament interfered, and out of the wreck of the capital, a small sum
was saved, and accumulated, with the view of reopening the society for the
original purposes of its foundation." This prospect, however, has not heen
reahzed, as its final termination was determined upon at a meeting of the
remaining members of the Corporation, held at the Chamberlains oflSce,
Guildhall, the early part of the present year (1850).
172
CtjaiitiBS for
THE LINUSARIAN'S BENEVOLENT LOAN SO-
CIETY, 26, Mansell-street, is but of recent establishment,
but its purposes are represented as being very much of the
character described. It is for the object " of granting loans
to the industrious poor, free of all charge or interest, irre-
spective of creed or country." (Perhaps, a charge of mode-
rate interest, say 4 per cent., would be a desirable restriction).
The prospectus states, that the books of the society are
to be open for inspection every Tuesday and Wednesday even-
ing, from 8 o'clock until 10 ; and that its patron is Mr.
Alderman Humphrey, M.P., and its Honorary Secretary,
S. G. Tucker, Esq., 48, Great Prescot-st., Goodman's-fields.
The introduction of such funds, when wisely superintended,
have been found to work excellently well in many provincial
localities, both in England^ and Ireland^, producing the most
■• At Tuubridge Wells, Hastings, and Brighton, there are loan soci-
ties of this character ; the present condition and future prospects of which
entirely agree with the views expressed, and justify the conclusion as to
their results. At the former place, especially, one was founded some years
since by Miss Challoner, upon benevolent grounds : she commenced with
£5 ; and what with the punctual repayment of loans, and the contribu-
tions of friends, there is now above X'500 afloat. The present working of
this, we are informed, affords the greatest satisfaction, and its benefits
now extend over no less than fifteen parishes, in the whole extent of
which there is not an eventual defaulter.
^ Until the last great distress in Ireland, to no country have loan funds
proved a greater benefit amongst the labouring poor, or their mode of sup-
port been more honourable and liberal ; reflecting credit alike on all classes
for the regularity with which the system was worked, the small loss in-
curred, and the punctuality loith lohich the payments were made. Since
1843, it is to be deeply regretted that increasing distress has reduced,
and almost annihilated this power of peculiar usefulness. Whilst upon
the subject, it may prove useful, and certainly interesting, to observe how
thoroughly the state of these funds indicates the state of the couutrj', at
the same time that the earlier returns bear out our previous remarks.
The following is compiled from the reports, 7th to 11th, of the Commis-
sioners of the loan fund board of Ireland, pursuant to Acts 6th and 7th
Vict., cap. 98, for the years 1843 to 1849 :—
No.of loan funds &
Monts (le Piete
Amount circulated
No. of loans raised
Net profits applied
to charities ....
1843.
305
£1,681,841
669,398
14,149
1844.
263
1,708,719
530,839
9,047
1845.
260
1,870,337
592,658
9,762
1846.
255
1,778,591
51,983
8,404
232
867,115
252,651
1848.
178
719,134
201,356
173
^iMng tjiB Sn&nstrine.
beneficial results — banishiag pauperism, and elevating the
character of the people ; and therefore a trial of them may
be even re-attempted in London.
The following are the Loan Societies of the metropolis,
sanctioned by act of parliament ; supported each by its own
profits. The statistics are taken from the Parliamentary
Report of April 1846.
Gross
No. of loans
Amount
ProfiW
Expense
Name of Society, and place where held.
ITanted in
circulated
by Inte-
of man-
course of
in ditto.
rest and
agement.
year.
fees, &c.
£
£
£
Loan Society, Swallow-st., Piccadilly
17
100
7
2
Friendly Loan Society, Black Bull,
Upper Thames-street
36
177
11
3
Anchor, the, 104§, Leadeuhall street
312
1,780
796
39
Loan Society, 39, Wilstead- street.
Somers Town
175
416
30
28
Loan Society, 8, William-street,
Harts- Lane, Bethnal Green ....
100
250
22
14
Loan Society, Pitt's Head, Tyssen-
street, Bethnal Green
258
1,037
65
20
New Imperial Loan Society, 224,
Tottenham-Court-Road
1,896
12,295
917
406
Loan Society, Red Lion, Spicer-st.,
Mile-end New-town
371
176
796
384
95
13
Loan Society, 8, Brick-lane
16
New Sun Loan Society, 224, Tot-
tenham-Court Road
1,957
12,630
909
409
New Glohe Loan Society, 524, Tot-
tenham Court Road
920
5,470
396
187
Hope Loan Society, Thomas street,
Bethnal Green
128
299
9
12
Hand-in-Hand Loan Society, 177,
Church-street, Shoreditch
210
560
38
22
Sons of True Temperance Loan So-
ciety, 177, Church-st., Shoreditch
258
612
53
17
Equitable Loan Society, Hayfield,
Mile-end-road
726
3,443
235
110
Friend in Need Loan Society, 1,
Mape-street, Bethnal Green . . , .
416
1,553
88
29
Loan Society, Glohe Coffee-house,
Union-street, Spitalfields
15
39
3
4
British Loan Society, 26, Brown's-
lane, Spitalfields
342
1,277
77
39
LOAN
174
Cliaritirs far
Imperial, the, Jacob's Well, Well-
street, Mile-end
Equitable, (the), the \Miittington,
Church-row, Bethnal Green-road
East London, the Woodman Tavern,
White-street, Bethnal Green ....
Albion Loan Society, 83, Bunhill-
row, St. Luke's
Stebonheath Loan Society, 18, Went-
worth-place, Mile-end-road ....
Cannon Loan Society, 6, Canning-
street, Old-street
Albion Loan Society, 95, Miltonst.,
Finsbury
Rock Loan Society, Boyal Oak Ta-
vern, Abbey-st., Bethnal Green. .
Good Samaritan Loan Society, 177,
Church-street, Bethnal Green . .
Bee Hive Loan Society, the Peacock
Tavern, Bethnal Green
Amicable Loan Society, 30, King-
street, Long-acre
Hand-in-Hand, Gold Beaters' Arms,
Hunt-street, Mile-end New-town
Friendly Brothers.GeorgetheFourth,
Green-street, Bethnal-green ....
Helping Hand (The), Well and
Bucket, Church-street, Bethnal
Green
New Loan Society, the George,
George-street, Chelsea
Benevolent Loan Society, 51,' Man-
sell-street, Goodman's-fields ....
Temperance Loan Society, 16,
Queen's-place, Islington
Provident Loan Society, 3, Church-
street, Bethnal Green
Working Man's Loan Society, 177,
Church-street, Shoreditch
East London Loan Society, 177,
Church-street, Shoreditch
Victoria Loan Society, 84, Friar-
street, Southwark
Total, 39 Loan Societies.
£
£
470
1,669
110
229
759
49
8
37
2
287
1,732
1643
238
543
36
205
657
43
220
580
38
168
682
56
64
165
12
133
630
42
160
400
38
24
95
6
52
199
14
314
1,240
100
74
370
31
66
96
22
89
235
245
615
43
84
248
9
249
680
46
168
75
11,800
56,012
6,179
1,715
175
^iMng \^ ^ntostrinns.
Savings hanhs may justly be considered within the scope
of the present chapter, as institutions beneficial to the pro-
yident and industrious.
They took their rise from the accumulation of stock of
benefit societies for various progressive purposes, requiring a
plan to identify their funds with the public debt of the
country. An extra rate of interest was held out as an in-
ducement : hence, " savings banks to receive small sums,
returnable, with interest, on demand," were formed.^ They
were brought under regulation of parliament in 1816 ; and
the act to consolidate and amend previous laws relating
thereto was passed, 9 George IV, 1828 ; and extended to Scot-
land, 6 William IV, September 9, 1835. The savings banks
and depositors in Great Britain and Ireland at the present
time may be thus stated (according to the Parliamentary
Returns of June 1849) : —
No. of
Savings Banks
No. of
Accounts.
Average Rate
of Interest.
Amount of
Deposits.
England and Wales. .
481
40
61
2
909,336
85,472
50,119
9,736
£ 8. d.
2 18 6
2 16 9
2 17 3
3
£
25,371,176
1,080,191
1,358,062
236,710
British Islands
Total
584
1,054,663
2 18 1
28.046,139
The following affords at one view every useful particular
respecting the savings banks in London and immediate vici-
nity, compiled from the same returns, with the name of the
senior stipendiary officer tO each, as the most actively con-
versant with its affairs.
[savings banks.
^ The idea was first given birth to by Mr. Bentham, in 1797, under
the designation of " Frugality Banks"; but the first bank actually insti-
tuted for the benefit of the poor, was established, in 1803, at Tottenham,
by Mrs. Elizabeth Wakefield; the first in Edinburgh, in 1814 ; and, in
1816, they became general throughout England, under Parliamentary
regulations.
176
CljaritiBS for
Savings Banka.
No. of
Deposi-
tors,
Amount j
of present Amt.of
deposits, annual
invested
with Nat
Debt
Commiss.
salaries &
other
managing
expenses.
Bloomfield-street (The), Moorfields,
late Bishopsgate-street. David
Martin, Esq., Comptroller and
SecretEiry
Bloomsbury (The), Montague-street
Thomas Thomson, Esq., Actuary.
Camden Town. Henry Bartlett, Esq ,
Actuary ,
Chelsea. Thomas JeflFrie, Esq., Se-
cretary
Covent Garden. Mr. William Cribb,
Secretary
Farringdon Street William Under-
bill, Esq., Actuary
Finsbury. W. N. Wortley, Esq.,
Actuary
Fitzroy-square.SO, Upper Charlotte
street. J. Mahon Muston, Esq.,
Secretary
Fulham, Mr. William Harvey, Se
cretary
Hoxton. Mr. G. E. Hony church.
Secretary
Islington. Robert Oldershaw, Esq.
Secretary and Agent
Kensington. Mr. John Lane, Ac-
tuary
Lambeth. W. Davies, Esq., Actuary.
St. John's. W. Davies, Esq.,
Secretary
Limehouse. John Ingus, Esq., Ac-
tuary
Paddington. F. J. Fuller, Esq., Se-
cretary
Rotherhithe. Mr, W, Akam, Clerk...
St. Clement Danes, Strand
St. Giles without, Cripplegate. Messrs
John and Charles Ellis, Sectrs...
St. Martin's Place. Edward Boodle
Esq., Secretary and Comptroller...
2 17 6
2 18 4
3
3
2 16
2 18 4
3
3 10
3 10
2 17 6
2 15 6
2 18 4
2 15 6
2 15 6
2 18 4
2 15 6
2 16 3
2 18 4
2 17
2 18 4
41,351
18,408
1,139
7,787
1,421
4,733
7,502
5,579
22]
1,004
2,443
1,573
2,978
1,130
2,1
4,2 67
553
4,037
3,156
37,214
726,410
460,612
13,325
127,009
25,455
77,527
182,339
118,257
3,526
6,237
43,077
32,490
54,980
20,676
39,474
46,463
6,276
83,690
67,877
1,113,484
3,896
1,909
79
591
154
526
836
511
16
37
249
177
375
142
243
276
50
720
413
6,187
177
SAVINGS
£itog tjjr iSukstriiras.
St. Marylebone. Douglas Fleming
Esq., Secretary and Actuary
Southwark. Thomas Day Esq., Sec.
Stoke Newinglon. Archer Simons
Actuary
Wandsworth Mr. J. P. Hembert
Actuary
Westminster Sessions House. Mr.
Henry Poole, Actuary
Whitehapel. J. I, Holey, Esq., Sec
2 17 4
2 18 4
19.109
12,730
291,386
256,711
2 18 6
712
11,783
2 15 6
354
6,458
2 18 4
2 17 6
2,544
7,198
43,976
145,355
2 18
149,465
4,004,913
2,164
1,020
67
40
223
582
Savings' working banks, and banks for small provident
savings, are attached to all well managed and complete dis-
trict visiting societies ; and few measures are of more gene-
rally acknowledged value to the industrious of each locality.
THE PARENT PENNY SA VINOS' WORKING
BANK, lb, Red Lion-street, High Holborn. Instituted
1818. Is the FIRST of this class ; and forms a fair example
of others of the same design ; well deserving of additional
support. The bank is conducted by ladies, every Thursday,
from 12 to 2 o'clock, at Mrs. Bardon's, 75, Red Lion-street,
Holborn. Supported by subscriptions : — For every seven
shillings, one recommendation. Every depositor, paying
one penny per week, causes an expense to the bank of one
shilling, for making up the clothing ; every child recom-
mended, four shillings and four-pence ; making up clothes
for recommendation, one shilling ; total advantage, six shil-
lings and four-pence. Girls, according to their abilities, can
earn from four shillings and sixpence to fourteen shillings,
by steady best work. Only depositors can share these ad-
vantages. Treasurers, Mrs. Short, 43, Great Ormond-street,
and Mrs. Carr.
THE LONDON PENNY BANK, St. Jude's School-
room, Commercial-street, Whitechapel. Appears to be a
local experiment of a scheme, designed by its founder^ to be as
^ Mr. James M. Scott, the founder of this and two other institutions,
established on the same general principle, at Greenock and Hull, repre-
sents that he is prepared to neqociate for the formation of Penny Banks
in any part of London. Each bank to ba under the general superin-
tendence of Mr. Scott, subject to the direction and control of any three
trustees, twelve directors, aud one treasurer, of undoubted character, resi-
dent in each locality.
12
178
CjiaritiBS for aiWng i^t Sntorinns.
national as Mr. Rowland Hill's penny post. This district bank
is open from 5 to 7 o'clock every evening (Sundays excepted),
for the deposit of any sum of money not less than one penny
or more than five shillings at one time, repayable at the end
of the year with interest, or upon demand previously without
interest. On the last Wednesday in January 1851, when all
the deposits are repaid, interest, it is stated, will be allowed
to every depositor as under : — One shilling for every twenty
shillings, lodged in not less than fifty weekly payments ;
sixpence for every twenty shillings, lodged in not less than
thirty weekly payments. No interest on smaller sums or on
any fractions. The result of the last fortnight's operations
(ending February 20, 1850),* will afibrd an idea that it may
reasonably be expected to confer a benefit on the working
classes, if but efficiently directed, — deposits, 4724; depositors,
1517 ; amount deposited, £145 : 10s.
Copy of the rules, with list of trustees, directors, etc., may
be obtained on application at the bank.
^ The return from the Hull Penny Bank exhibits, for the six months
ending February 28, 1850, 5,541 depositors ; and the amount collected
in pence, £1,207 lis. 2d.
Note. — Canterbury Settlement, New Zealand, referred to page 139.
Since the remarks were printed, our attention has been drawn to an
association lately formed to advance the interests of the settlement, and
aid emigration thereto. The Archbishop of Canterbury is announced as
the president, John Hutt, Esq., as the chairman of the committee of
management, and J. R. Godley, Esq., the resident chief agent in New
Zealand. Information respecting the plans and progress of the associa-
tion, may be obtained upon application to the secretary, Mr. H. F.
Alston, at the office, 41, Charing Cross.
179
CjiaritiM far tlje Hint
CHAPTER IX
CHARITIES FOR THE BLIND AND THE
DEAF AND DUMB.
Visiting the Indigent Blind. — Teaching the Blind to read. — School for
the Indigent Blind. — Annuities for the Necessitous Blind. — Asylum
for the Education and Support of the Indigent Deaf and Dumh. —
Charitable and Provident Fund for the Deaf and Dumb.— Employment
and Religious Instruction of the Adult Deaf and Dumb.
The great importance of the objects aimed at by these char
rities, together with the peculiar claims of the classes for
whom they are designed, form full and sufficient reasons for
devoting a chapter to their exclusive consideration. The
assertion of Dr. Lettsom, at the commencement of his hu-
mane advocacy of the indigent blind charities, is sufficiently
confirmed by every experience of the working of the two
great asylums, — for instructing the blind, and the deaf
and dumb — that " he who enables a blind person, without
anyexcessof labour, to earn his own livelihood, does him more
real service than if he had pensioned him for life." This, we
repeat, is equally true as applied to the instruction rendered
the deaf and dumb ; and may be recognized without in any
degree detracting from the value of the assistance afforded
them by pension societies, which are designed to give the
needful support that increasing age or infirmities render
them otherwise unable to procure. The peculiar benefit
attached to the charities for instructing these afflicted classes
is, that such training and instruction call into action other
powers of body and mind, which they may hitherto have
been unable to exercise ; afford active and useful employ-
ment for hours which would otherwise be spent only in
180
INDIGENT BLIND CljantifS fit! VISITING, A.D. 1834
gloom and despondency; and prevent that aggravation of
suffering which those who endure such peculiar deprivations
often experience, viz., the humiliating idea that they are
useless in themselves, and a burden to others.
Thus these various societies, whether for instructing, assist-
ing, or supporting the blind and deaf and dumb, appear to
claim particular commendation, and, where need be, are en-
titled to cordial support. They are instrumental in affording
the means of present comfort and happiness to a very large
class of suffering humanity, elevating them from a dark and
dreary state of ignorance to a participation of much active
and useful employment, and to the pleasures of social and
intellectual intercourse ; and if some few of the ordinary
enjoyments of the life that now is, be, by the will of God's
inscrutable wisdom, still withheld from them, yet are they,
by means of these same institutions, permitted to learn the
nature and foundation of a hope full of immortality, and
that fadeth not away.
The institutions thus referred to consist of, —
For visiting, relieving, and instructing the
blind, 3 ; for granting annuities to the
blind, 5 ; for support and instruction of
the deaf and dumb, 2 ; provident fund
for deaf and dumb, 1. Total . . 11
Aggregate annual income . . . .£34,762
Derived from voluntary contributions, in-
clusive ..... .£11,965
INDIGENT BLIND VISITING SOCIETY, 20, Red
Lion-square. Instituted 1834. This is one of the many in-
stitutions in London struggling to occupy a sphere of useful-
ness for which its receipts scarcely qualify it, and yet effect-
ing very much, if not by what it actually accomplishes, by
quietly developing a valuable means of good ; with a hope
of diverting such an amount of benevolent support to the
cause, as shall eventually place its operations beyond the
precariousness of a fluctuating income. Such, in their earliest
years, were the finest and most flourishing charities of the
present day — even the Deaf and Dumb Institution, the Blind
Asylum , etc. ; so that there exists every reason for the pro-
moters of really good institutions to persevere ; and it re-
mains only for a discriminating benevolence occasionally to
eheer them on by a helping hand. The object is to assist
181
TEACHING THE ^vjjB ^Hll}!. BLIND TO HEAD, A.D. 1839
and ameliorate the condition of the blind poor, resident in
London and its vicinity, by providing them with testaments
of the raised print, with daily readers of the scriptures, and
with conductors to church. The present number of blind
poor on the list is 200 : these are regularly visited by the
scripture-readers, of whom there are five, and from time to
time are afforded temporary relief. The income depends
wholly on voluntary contributions, and realized last year only
^670, being nearly ^200 less than the expenditure.
Ten shillings or upwards per annum, or donations of £5 or
upwards, constitute members, with the privilege of having
one blind person on the society's books.
President, Lord Ashley. — Treasurer, John Labouchere, Esq. —
Chairman of the Committee, J. D. Paul, Esq. — Honorary Secre-
tary, Wm. Way, Esq. — Collector, Mr Stone, 250, Blackfriars-
road.
LONDON SOCIETY for TEACHING the BLIND to
READ, 1, Avenue-road, St. John's Wood. Instituted 1839.
This society is instrumental in imparting both secular know-
ledge and sound fundamental doctrines of Christianity to
those afflicted by blindness : teaching them reading by Mr.
Lucas's method of raised print.
Boarders are received into the institution upon the ad-
vanced payment, either by themselves or any benevolent in-
dividuals, of £1 10s., if under ten years of age ; or, if above
that age, £10 for every six months, and so on in proportion,
that period having been found, by experience, sufficient for
a person of moderate abilities, not only to read, but to instruct
others. The present number of inmates is 27 male, and 28
female boarders. For the convenience of such as are unable
to obtain an entrance, an evening school is supported, in the
vicinity of Gray's-inn-lane ; and it is in contemplation to
increase the Society's usefulness, by opening similar schools
in other parts of London. The annual income from voluntary
sources amounts to about £750; from payments for boarders,
£450 : these together cover the expenditure. The school at
the Avenue-road is open for the inspection of visitors, any
day except Saturday, from 2 till 5 o'clock.
One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitute
a member entitled to send one child annually.
President, the Bishop of London. — Treasurer, ITiomas Hankey,
Esq., 7, Fenchurch-street. — Honorary Secretary, Rev. E. Garbett.
182
SCHOOIi FOR INDIGENT ChStilirS ffll BLIND, A.D. 1799
— Ladies' Secretary, Mrs. Percival Johnson, 38, Mecklenburgh-
square. — Honorary Physician, Theophilus Thompson, Esq., M.D,
— Honorary Surgeon, W. W. Cooper, Esq. — Assistant Secretary
and Collector, Mr. Harben, 64, Camden-road villas.
THE SCHOOL FOR THE INDIGENT BLIND,
St. George's-fields, Surrey. Instituted 1799.^ The object of
this institution is the education of the blind — the imparting
to them that religious knowledge which shall set before them
their duty to God and man, and render them wise unto sal-
vation ; and the instructing them in a trade, by which they
may be able to provide, either wholly or in part, for their
future subsistence. The benefits are extended to both sexes,
who, when admitted, are clothed, boarded, lodged, and in-
structed. All applicants under ten or above twenty-five
years of age, or who have a greater degree of sight than will
enable them to distinguish light from darkness, cannot be
placed on the list of candidates. The committee state, they
have found that pupils between the age of twelve and
eighteen have derived the greatest benefit from the instruc-
tion received at the school.
The pupils may be seen at work between the hours of ten
and twelve in the forenoon, and two and five in the after-
noon, on every day except Saturdays and Sundays. Any
person desirous for the admission of a pupil, may obtain
printed papers of questions and engagements at the school;
to which answers in writing will be required, attested in
the manner therein specified. The number of pupils has
been gradually increased from 15 males to 85 males and 86
females ; and a manufactory has been established, where
articles made entirely by them were sold last year for
£1291. lis. 2d. Exclusive of those who have been placed on
the permanent establishment or died in the institution, as
many as 393 persons have returned to their families, able,
^ The example was first set at Liverpool, for the formation of this
charity. It was one quicltly followed, and mainly through the exertions
of Messrs. Thomas Boddington, Samuel Bosanquet, James Ware, and
William Houlston. Under their zeal and liberality this promising
school surmounted every difficult}', and quickly obtained a large measure
of public support. The Society's operations were at first conducted
at the " Dog and Duck," in St. George's-fields ; but this, and subsequently
even more commodious premises, becoming too limited, negociations were
opened with the Governors of the Foundling Hospital, for a long lease of
part of their lands adjoining to Gray's-Inn-road ; the purchase of which
183
REV.W.HETHERINGTOn's ^ht 5Blinil. CHARITY, A.D. 1774
in many instances, to earn a livelihood, according to their
abilities.'
The annual cost of this establishment averages ^8,000,
which is well covered by the receipts, derived from voluntary
contributions to an extent of £5,476; from dividends to nearly
^2,000, and from payments and sale of goods to £1,300.
Annual subscribers have the privilege of one vote, appli-
cable to each vacancy, for every guinea they subscribe ; and
each member for life one vote, for every 10 guineas.
President, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurer, Samuel
Richard Bosanquet, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. J. R. Foot, A.M. —
Secretary and Solicitor, Mr. Thomas Grueber, 5, Billiter-street.
— Physician, Dr. Back.— Consulting Surgeon, M. Ware, Esq. —
Surgeons and Apothecaries, Messrs. Sterry and Son. — Superin-
tendent of the School, Mr. Robert Sharp. — Housekeeper, Mrs.
Hannaford. — Matron of the Female School, Mrs. Grove. — Col-
lectors : Mr. William Davis, 17, Canterbury Place, Lambeth ;
Mr. John WUliams, 36, Norfolk-square, Brighton.
THE REV. W. HETHERINGTON'S CHARITY
TO THE BLIND. Established 1774.^ This gentleman,
in his life-time, enabled the governors of Christ's Hospital to
pay annuities of £10 each to fifty blind persons,^ in the
was finally completed for £1000 3 per cents. Soon after, however, the
Governors were led to see the injudicious part they were taking, in remov-
ing so far from the locality of their original foundation, and were induced
to apply to the Corporation of London for a lease of the present site. So
impressed were they with the favourable reception met with at their first
interview with the Court, that they immediately treated with the Found-
ling Hospital for a surrender of their late purchase. This was finally
agreed to ; and after arrangements with the City Corporation enabled
the Governors to obtain two acres near the Obelisk, occupied by the pre-
sent commodious building.
^ Two of the male pupils, and one female, recently obtained the ap-
pointments of organist to churches, at the salaries of it'50, ^£'30, and £20,
per annum, in the most gratifying manner.
^ The original deed, dated 29th March, 1774, mentions the transfer of
£20;000, old South-Sea annuities, to certain trustees, for the purpose of
" paying into the treasury of Christ's Hospital £100 per annum" (one-
sixth of the dividend), to defray the expenses of distributing the remain-
ing £500.
3 Mr. Hetherington's expectations were fully realized, for within eight
years his example was followed by Thomas Coventry, Esq., making a
similar provision for thirty more pensioners ; and in the year 1800, by
various gifts, the fund produced sufficient for 400, — Dr. George Harris'
bequest alone providing for 96 (£1,000 per annum). The present num-
ber of pensioners is 615.
184
THE BLIND MAn'S CjltUltifS fOt FRIEND, A.D. 1836
hope that his example would be followed by other benevolent
characters, and the governors have recently given public
notice, that from the very munificent additions made to Mr.
Hetherington's original fund, by deed of gift and by will,
they are now enabled to extend the annuity to upwards of
600 persons.
Forms of application may be obtained by personal appli-
cation, or that of a friend, (not by post) at the counting
house of the hospital. The elections take place half yearly,
in February and November.
The leading qualifications are as follow : and unless the
parties can respectively prove themselves strictly within
them, the applications in their behalf will be entirely fruit-
less. — Birth and residence in England, to the exclusion of
Wales and Berwick-upon-Tweed. — Age sixty-one years, and
upwards. Residence, three years in their present abode ; and
total blindness during that period. Income,if any, under £20
per annum : those who have ever begged, received alms, or
are deemed objects for parish relief, day labourers of every
denomination, soldiers and sailors, servants, and journeymen
in any handicrafts, or persons living by turning a mangle,
are excluded from the benefit of these charities, which are in-
tended "for those who have been reputably brought up, and
who need some addition to what they have, to make life
more comfortable under the misfortune of blindness."
The annual number of eligible applicants is nearly 220,
and from these, 80 or 90 (100 has been attained) are selected.
The committee of almoners, the electors, always choose a large
proportion of the oldest applicants, although on their first
petition only ; consequently, petitioners of 61 have, not un-
frequently, to repeat their application six or seven years.
Clerk, George TroUope, Esq.
THE BLIND MA N'S FRIEND, 29, Saville Row. Under
this expressive and well-deserved title, is a second charity of
similar extensive usefulness to the last ; which, by the judi-
cious liberality of one individual,^ has been saved all necessity
^ Tlipre is no doubt, however, that a large additional amount could be
annually well distributed, judging from the extraordinary number of
applicants, both for this and the preceding funds ; and we know not how
any better almoners could be found to distribute the liberality of such
as desire to benefit the distressed blind in a similar manner ; than the
trustees of these funds.
185
stock's charities, in 3^|tt UlinJl. GIFT OF painters' COMP.
for obtruding itself upon public notice, and yet annually
diffuses its benefits to the poor objects contemplated by the
benevolent founder, to an extent of „£4000, without occasion
to solicit the slightest additional assistance.
The late Mr. Charles Day, of the well-known firm of Day
and Martin, died towards the end of 1836, leaving the
princely sum of £100,000, for the benefit of distressed per-
sons suffering under a similar affliction to that which he had
experienced himself, the deprivatio7i of sight ; during 1838,
a scheme was determined upon in chancery, whereby the
design could be best carried out, and this was effected in
strict accordance with his will, and the whole details of
management vested in the trustees as named therein.
In 1839 the fund commenced its operations with the past
two years' accrued interest, and at the present time, no less
than 271 blind persons are in the receipt of pensions, as under,
viz., 63 at £20 each per annum ; 75 at £16 ; 136 at £12.
The election of pensioners rests exclusively with the trea-
surer and three trustees, who meet every quarter to con-
sider petitions and select the most deserving ; they are sub-
jected to searching inquiry, and when approved of and elected,
each pension is dependant on a satisfactory renewal of the
necessary certificates every quarter ; each payment is made
quarterly in advance ; the amount of pension is regulated
by the resources of each case respectively.
Applicants must be wholly blind, objects for benevolent
relief, and residents in England, Wales, or Scotland : no form
of application is required, but a petition must be sent stating
in full the particular details of the case : name, residence,
age, employment, amount of income, length of blindness, <fec.;
the same to be signed by the clergyman and churchwarden
of the parish, as certifying their belief in general correct-
ness, also by at least two housekeepers to whom the petitioner
is personally known. Treasurer, John Simpson, Esq. 29,
Saville Row, Old Burlington Street,
PAINTERS' CHARITIES TO THE BLIND, V&mtQxi'
Hall, Queenhithe, consists of pensions of £10, provided by
the wills of John Stock and others, and distributed by the
Painters' Company. The number of pensioners is 173, whose
ages vary from 61 to 100 years ; and although the rules are
most stringent, the funds are not adequate to relieve one half
of the number of qualified applicants. Petitions are issued
186
painters' CUARITIES CtjSritilS fnr FOR THE BLIND, <fcc.
from the clerk's iaffice, between the hours of 11 and 3, from
the 25th October until the 30th November, but no petition
will be given unless the applicants come within the following
qualifications : — Birth in England ; totally blind for three
years ; unable to support themselves ; have no income above
XlO per annum ; have never received alms, or been com-
mon beggars ; of sober habits and conversation ; and sixty-
one years of age. The election takes place every second
week in December. The pensions are paid in advance on the
second Wednesday in January and first Wednesday in each
succeeding months.
John Stock's Charity to Poor Lame Painters, is also in the
gift of the Painters' Company, and although only of a local
character, is inserted here in order to call the attention of
the benevolent to a class of persons, who, from their occupa-
tion, are subject to diseases which exclude them from the
generality of benefit clubs, &c. Such are partially but quite
inadequately relieved by this fund. It is more especially for
those who are employed in the business of house and ship
painting, and in consequence of its pernicious effects, hurt
in health, lame, <fec., and are freemen of the company; in
default of a sufficient number, then those who are not free-
men.
Forms of petition may be had on the 20th December, and
following days, and must be returned filled up before the
first Wednesday in January, by eleven o'clock. The present
number of pensioners is 10.
Master, Jeremiah Hodgson, Esq., Court of Commissioners of
Bankrupts. — Treasurers: David Allan, Esq., 4, Lothbury ; Sir
W. H. Poland, Cloak-lane, Queen-street. — Beadle, Mr. W. H.
Main, 4, Little Trinity-lane.— Clerk, P. N. Tomlins, Esq.
Came's Charity to the Blind, arises from a similar fund in-
vested according to the will of Mr. Came, in the Cordwainer's
Company, for blind men of 46 years of age, and blind wo-
men of 40 years of age ; applications for which are to be
made by petition before 10th of November in each year.
A Charity to the Deaf and Dumb, is likewise derived from
this same fund, consisting of pensions available to deaf and
dumb men of not less than 40 years of age, and women of
not less than 25 years of age, resident within 100 miles of
London, and not receiving parochial relief. Applications
must be sent in before the first of June.
187
ASYLUM FOR DEAF Sfflf 31I& HDIIIII. AND DDMB, A.D. 1792
Forms and other information afforded by Mr. James
Josiah Millard, at the Company's Hall, 17, Great Distaff
Lane.
ASYLUM for the SUPPORT and EDUCATION of
DEAF and DUMB CHILDREN, Old Kent Road, Surrey.
Instituted 1792,^ for the benefit of such children only as are
deaf and dumb, not being deficient in intellect. No child is
eligible under the age of eight years and a half, nor above
eleven and a half ; and before any can be admitted as can-
didates, the proper form must be filled up and signed. If
the child is of sufficient age to be admitted, the paper must
be returned to the secretary, on or before the first Monday
in April or October. Parents or friends, not in indigent cir-
cumstances, may, by paying ^£20 annually for board, get
their children in on the pay list. Private pupils are also re-
ceived by the principal. The asylum is open to inspection
daily, Sundays excepted. The most convenient time is from
eleven till one o'clock. Two hundred and ninety is the pre-
sent number of children wholly maintained by the charity.
Ten guineas at one payment, or one guinea per annum,
constitute a governor, who is entitled to one vote at the
elections of children into the asylum. Two elections take
^ The present building was completed, and opened for the reception
of inmates, Oct. 5, 1809 ; the Society celebrated the event by a public
thanksgiving at the church of St Mary Magdalen, Bermondsey, the •
Rev. Samuel Crowther delivering the sermon.
2 Amongst the earliest founders and promoters of this charity, must be
mentioned the Revs. John Townsend and H. C. Mason, who indeed
were the first to call public attention to the distresses of the indigent
deaf and dumb in England ; in connexion, however, with their humane
efforts, must also be included those of their contemporaries, Mr. Braid-
wood of Edinburgh, the Abbes de I'Epee and Sicard of Paris, Mr. Baker
of London, and Mr. Orpen of Dublin. The Edinburgh asylum was the
first opened in Great Britain 1773; and the Claremont Asylum, at
Dublin, was opened in 1816. In France, the treatment pursued and
recommended by the Abbe I'Epee has been most successful ; and there
are, at the present time, several institutions developing the success of the
treatment he established. There are some well authenticated instances
of the successful education of the deaf and dumb, by Pedro de Ponce and
others, even so far back as the sixteenth century ; and doubtless such
facts served greatly to stimulate the benevolent efforts since devoted to
the same purpose, — especially the case of the two children educated by
Dr. Pereira. They were born deaf and dumb ; but, under his treatment,
were enabled to astonish the Academy of Sciences at Paris, 1748, by their
acquirements.
188
CHARITABLE AND CjlilritifS fflt PROVIDENT, A.D. 1836
place each year ; on the second Mondays in July and
January. The funds are in a most prosperous state, the in-
come being nearly £10,000 per annum, a sum considerably
more than covering the expenditure, according to last year's
cash statement ; this amount is derived from subscriptions,
donations, and legacies, to the extent of £4,500 ; from pay-
ments for children's board. Sic, £372 ; and from dividends
and rent, £4561. The funded stock is little under £150,000.
President, the Duke of Buccleuch. — Treasurer, William Not-
tidge, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Rev. William Curling, A.M. —
Secretary, Mr. Charles Nottidge, to whom all communications are
requested to be addressed, at the asylum. — Principal, Thomas
James Watson, Esq.— Physician, Benjamin Guy Babington, Esq.,
M.D. — Surgeon, Edward Cock, Esq. — Oculist, Martin Ware, Esq.
— ^Apothecaries, Messrs. Castle and l\imer. — Collector, Mr. J.
R. Hanbury, 83, Gracechiu-ch-street.
The following may be regarded in the light of useful ad-
juncts to the operations of the Asylum, the Governors of
which have given their unqualified approval to their chari-
table and provident design.
CHARITABLE S PROVIDENT SOCIETY for the
DEAF <& DUMB, Radley's Hotel, New Bridge-street, Black-
friars. Established 1836. The object of this society is to grant
small annual pensions to those persons among the poor, who
were either born deaf, or lost their hearing before the age of
ten years, and who have attained the age of sixty, or become
so infirm as to be incapable of obtaining their livelihood by
following their occupations ; also to encourage industrious
and provident habits among deaf and dumb workmen, by con-
ferring further advantages on those who contribute periodical
sums in support of this society, such as the right of priority
in receiving pensions, and the benefit of some yearly allowance
upon their contributions, should the income of the society
permit. Five pounds in one payment, or 10s. 6d. annually,
constitutes a member, with one vote for every such payment.
The present number of pensioners is eighteen, receiving from
£5 to £1 each annually, which is to be increased as the funds
will allow. The committee record it as a gratifying fact,
that not one case coming within the scope of the society's
rules and regulations, has hitherto been rejected. The an-
nual income is about ^£120, half derived from voluntary con-
189
EMPLOYMENT AND 'ii/]^t ^Jilf M^ BUlltll. INSTRUCTION, 1841
tributions, and half from members' contributions and divi-
dends. The amount of funds is under £500.
Treasurer, Henry Johnson, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Mr.
John Hamilton. — Assistant Secretary, Mr. Margetts, Mr. Low's,
3, Elm-court, Temple. — Bankers, Messrs. Gosling and Co.
INSTITUTION for the EMPLOYMENT, RELIEF,
& RELIGIO US INSTR UCTION of the ADULT BE A F
and DUMB, 26, Red Lion-square. Instituted 1841. This
unpretending, but very praiseworthy society, at a moderate
annual cost, accomplishes considerable benefit for those who,
upon leaving school, are otherwise unprovided for ; there are
at present eighteen such persons in the institution, learning
tailoring, shoemaking, dressmaking, etc. ; and, during the
past year, upwards of thirty have been maintained or relieved
weekly: a shop has just been taken at 21, Theobald's-road,
for effecting a sale of the articles made by the deaf and dumb,
for their further benefit. The committee represent a great
want of funds, and inability to continue present limited ope-
rations, unless increased assistance be immediately afforded.
By the cash statement of last year, a requisite loan appears
to have been effected, as the receipts amounted to £502 only,
£50 of which was for work done by inmates, and £452 from
contributions ; whilst the disbursements exceeded £800 :
viz., for objects of the society, £529 ; and for management,
etc., J310.
President, Duke of Cambridge.— Treasurer, Sir C. Price, Bart.
— Secretary, Mr. J. G. Simpson, 26, Red Lion-square.
190
THE CITY
CljaritHlib iift5.
COMPANIES.
CHAPTER X.
CHARITABLE GIFTS ARISING FROM
ENDOWMENTS AND TRUSTS.
The Companies of the City of London in their Charitable Character. —
Their orig;in. — The extent of their Trusts for Gifts and other chari-
table purposes. — A Summary of the principal charitably endowed. —
Parochial and other Trusts referred to. — The Patriotic Fund. — Chol-
mondeley Charity. — The Maundy Gifts — The Flood Distribution.
Op the origin and rise of the various livery companies of the
metropolis — their once great influence, privileges, and wealth
-T-retained by but very few of them nowJ it comes not within
^ The niimber of City Companies is ninety-one. The following is a
complete list, in the order of precedence, with the dates of their institu-
tion, or incorporation by charter or Act of Parliament. Ten or twelve
of these are virtually extinct, retaining the name only ; and very many
of them have fallen from their original high estate, since the interference
with their privileges by Charles II, — the reaction in their favour, at the
Great Rebellion iu 1688, only availing, practically, to such as are above
mentioned, from their large charitable possessions, or to such as exercised
peculiar control over their respective trades, as the Gunmakers, Founders,
etc. The first twelve are the chief, and are styled " The Honorable:" —
Mercers . a.d
.1393
Ironmongers,A.D.1464
Bakers. . a. d. 1307
Grocers . .
1345
Vintners . .
1437
Waxchandlers 1484
Drapers . .
1439
Clothworkers .
1482
Tallowchandlersl463
Fishmongers .
1284
Dyers . . .
1169
Armourers
1463
Goldsmiths .
1327
Brewers . .
1438
Girdlers
1448
Skinners . .
1327
Leatliersellers
1442
Butchers .
1604
Merch. Taylors
1416
Pewterers . .
1474
Saddlers .
1280
Haberdashers
1447
Barber-Surgeons 1 308
Carpenters
1344
Salters . . .
1558
Cutlers . . .
1417
Cordwainers
1410
191
jFrnra ignkranirnts.
the scope of the present work to dwell upon. The report of
the Parliamentary Corporation Commission, speaks of them at
the present day as " mere trustees for charitable purposes, or
chartered festivals ; the freemen and liverymen whereof,
are persons entitled to partake of the feasts of the company
and qualified to be promoted to the office of trustees"; with
the pleasantry almost implied in the former designation, we
have nothing to do ; however it may be considered to neu-
tralize the high character of the latter ; and it is only as
trustees in the distribution of charitable gifts, in some in-
stances to very large amounts, that they appear to demand
notice in a work treating on the charities of London.
The information afforded respecting them, must necessa-
rily partake rather of a brief summary of their general cha-
racter than a detailed description of each. And this, not only
from the difficulty of gleaning uniform intelligence respect-
ing them, as from the bulk of the volume that it would
require, to enter more minutely into particulars ; and when
it is remembered that most of these charities are of limited
application, restricted to freemen, <fcc., additional reason will
be seen why a point is made of as much as possible dwell.
Paper Stainers
1580
Musicians
1604
TinplateWorkersl670
Curriers
1605
Turners . .
1604
Wheelwrights 1670
Masons
1677
Basket Makers
Distillers . .
Plumbers .
1611
Glaziers . .
1637
Hatband Makers 1638
Inn Holders
1615
Homers . .
1638
Patten Makers 1670
Founders .
1614
Farriers . .
1673
Glass Sellers . 1664
Poulterers .
1503
Paviers . .
Tobaccopipe Ma-
Cooks . .
1481
Lorrimers . .
1488
kers . . 1663
Coopers
1501
Apothecaries .
1617
Harness Makers 1677
Tilers . .
1568
Shipwrights .
1610
Gunmakers . 1638
Bowyers .
1620
Spectacle Makersl 630
Wire Drawers 1623
Fletchers .
1536
Clock Makers
1632
BowstringMakrs
Blacksmiths
1577
Glovers . .
1556
Card Makers. 1629
Joiners
1564
Comb Makers
1650
Fan Makers . 1709
Weavers .
1164
Felt Makers .
1604
Woodraongers
Woolnien .
Frame wk . KTiitrs. 1 6 64
Starch Makers 1632
Scriveners
1616
Silk Throwsters 1629
Fishermen . 1687
Fruiterers
1604
Silkmen . .
1608
Parish Clerks 1232
Plaisterers
1500
Pin Makers .
1636
Carmen . .
Stationers .
1556
Needle Makers
1656
Porters . .
Embroiderers
1591
Gardeners
1616
Watermen . 1559
Upholders
1627
Soap Makers *
1638
192
CITY COMPANIES. CjjHritflJllB (l^lftS GENERAL REMARKS.
ing only upon such as are more general in their opera-
tions.'
Respecting the origin of these bequests, and the trustee-
ships thereof being invested in what originally were trading
companies, "itis worthy of observation," observes Mr. Knight,
" that one of the earliest objects sought by the guild, in
some instances apparently their primary one, was the found-
ation of a common stock for the relief of poor or decayed
members ; large funds were established in course of time,
and the charitable character thus attached to the company,
led to their being chosen as trustees for the care and manage-
ment of a variety of other charities founded by benevolent
persons, who, in the early periods of metropolitan history,
were so numerous, that Stowe devotes some tive-and-twenty
folio pages of his Survey to the mere enumeration of their
acts, under the appropriate and characteristic title of ' The
Honour of Citizens and Worthiness of Men,' a nobie chapter
in the ' History of London.' "2
These charitable bequests embrace a vast comprehensive-
ness of benevolent design, as remarkable as the amount of
their entire must be magnificent, and if it could be arrived
at, as interesting to detail : they comprise pensions to decayed
members ; gifts of money, bread, meat, &c., to the poor ;
loans of various amounts to young beginners in business ;
funds for the benefit of hospitals, schools, exhibitors at the
universities, for lectures and sermons, prisoners in the city
gaols, &c. Two illustrations may suffice to afford some idea
of the magnitude of these charities in the aggregate : the
Goldsmiths' Company pay annually, to their poor alone, up-
wards of £5000 : whilst the Fishmongers', we learn from the
report of the Corporation Commissioners before referred to,
disburse annually in charity between £9,000 and £10,000, in
different parts of England and Ireland ; their gross income
realizing little short of £20,000 per annum.3
*,t* Persons desirous of obtaining the benefit of these
gifts, must, in the first instance, apply to the respective
clerks, at their companies' halls, for the necessary forms of
application, etc. ; for this purpose, in each instance, the
situation of the hall and name of the clerk is furnished.
^ For a more detailed account, see the Report of the Commissioners on
Endowed Charities, published in county parts by Parker, West Strand.
^ Messrs. Piatt and Saunders' Paper on the Endowed Charities. —
Kniffht's London. Vol. 6.
^ It is impossible certainly to arrive at anything like the exact amount
193
CITY jFrnrii intonrintiits, companiks.
Apothecaries. — Hall, Water-lane. A widow's fund, for the
benefit of the poor of the company. Clerk, Robt. Brother-
son Upton, Esq.
Armourers and Braziers. — Hall, 81, Coleman Street.
Almshouses ; and several gifts to poor of company. Clerk,
John Pontifex, Esq., 5, St. Andrew's-court, Holborn-hill.
Bakers. — Hall, 16, Harp Lane, Tower Street. Several
pensions to poor of Company ; and a fund for support of
Almshouses. Clerk, Henley Smith, Esq., 4, Warnford Court.
Barbers. — Hall, 33, Monkwell Street. One hundred pounds
annually to be divided among twenty -five widows of decayed
Liverymen. Clerk, Henley Smith, Esq., 4, Warnford Court.
Brewers. — Hall, 18, Addle Street, Wood Street. See Owen's
Almshouses ; also Hickson's Grammar School. They have
likewise in their trust a considerable bequest for granting
annuities to decayed master-brewers, and other objects of re-
lief, at discretion of Company, by Samuel Whit bread, Esq.
Clerk, Charles Vines, Esq.
Butchers. — Hall, between 5 and 6, Eastcheap. Several
small bequests for the relief of poor freemen and their wives.
Clerk, Joseph Daw, Esq., Sewers Office, Guildhall.
Bowyers. — James Wood's eight exhibitions of ,£10 each
to Oxford or Cambridge, for seven years ; preference given
to Bowyers' sons, or scholars from Christ's Hospital. Clerk,
Thomas Jones, Esq., 1, King's-arms Yard, Coleman Street.
Carpenters. — Hall, 68, London Wall. Several gifts to poor
freemen and their widows. One exhibition to Cambridge,
bequeathed by John Read, of £4, for three years. Clerk,
Edward Basil Jupp, Esq.
Clockmakers. — Skelton's pensions to the " Honestest and
neediest poor of Company" ; and others to poor of Company,
at discretion of master and wardens. Clerk, Samuel Elliott
Atkins, Esq., 6, Cowper's Court, Cornhill.
Clothworkers. — Hall, 41, Mincing Lane. See Heather's
Trust, consisting of a fund for the widows of decayed house-
keepers, to the amount of £S each ; forms of petition may
be had at the hall. Amongst other trusts, are the Countess
of Kent's Almshouses ; Sir John Robinson's gifts to ditto ;
Heath's Almshouses, and clothing to thirty poor of Company.
but upon a careful comparison of their relative extent, and having the
amounts pretty accurate for above twenty of the principal companies, we
may safely compute the aggregate annual amount distributed by them in
charitable gifts at ^37,000.
13
194
CITY CtiarMlB drifts inarincs) companies.
Camp's Almshouses, at Friern Barnet, and Packington's
Almshouses. J. and F. West's charities are very numerous
and valuable ; for clothing forty freemen of the Company ;
the maintaining many artisan clothworkers ; and charities
to the blind. Seven exhibitions to students at the Universi-
ties, varying from £5 to £10 each ; and fees for apprenticing
orphans, and children of clergymen. Clerk, Robert Beckwith
Towse, Esq.
Cooks.— No hall. Corbett's Charity to the poor, and officers
of Company, decayed ministers and their widows. Davis's to
four poor women of St. Alban, Wood Street ; two presentations
to Christ's Hospital ; and apprentice fees for children of St.
Catherine Cree Church, and of freemen of Company, from
bequests of Mr. John Phillips and Mr. John Davis. Clerk,
John Beckwith Towse, Esq., 24, Lawrence Pountney Lane.
Coopers. — Hall, 71, Basinghall Street. Wood's Almshouses
at Ratcliffe. Loans with and without interest ; Strode's School
and Almshouses at Egham, Surrey. Clerk, James Boyer, Esq.
Cordwainers. — Hall, 17, Great Distaff Lane, have a con-
siderable estate, out of which a large sum is annually paid to
the poor. Also Came's bequests for the blind, and deaf and
dumb (page 186), also a small fund from same bequest for the
benefit of widows of clergymen of London, or within 25
miles thereof, above forty years or age, or if with children
unprovided for, above 35 years of age. Various bequests to
pensioners and other poor of Company. Two exhibitions of
small value for five years, at approbation of Vicar and
Warden of St. Sepulchre. Clerk, James Josiah Millard, Esq.
Curriers. — Hall, between 6 and 7, London Wall. Dawe's
Charity to ten master curriers. Clerk, Edward Burkitt, Esq.,
at the Hall.
Cutlers. — Hall, 6, Cloak Lane. Bucke's Charity to St.
John's College, Cambridge, for a scholar qualified by name
and kin, according to will ; this amount has been accruing
since 1793, as no claimant has appeared. And Caythorne's
Charity to poor of St. Bride's. Clerk, James Beaumont, Esq.,
19, Lincoln's-inn-fields.
Drapers. — Hall, 27, Throgmorton Street, are trustees to
many munificent bequests, amongst which may be mentioned
the following : A bequest of Howell's for marriage portions
to maidens next of kin to donor, ditto of Pennoyers, for ap-
prenticing ; Boyley, to poor men of Company, and appren-
ticing ; Dixon, for apprenticing ; Granger's pensions of £10
to the blind, and for apprenticing alternately ; pensions for
195
CITY ^um (Eiiliniiiiiitnts. companies-
the relief and release of prisoners in the Compters. Stocker's
bequest of bread to various prisons ; and a presentation to
Christ's Hospital. Thomas Russell's bequest of two payments
of six pounds to students for six years, one at each University.
Also trustees to the ancient establishment on the Lewisham
Road, called Queen Elizabeth's College, for the maintenance
of twenty poor persons, said to be the first hospital founded
by a Protestant. In 1768, according to Maitland, this Com-
pany was in the habit of distributing annually to their poor,
as much as £4000. Clerk, Edward Lawford, Esq.
Dyers. — Hall, 3, College Street, Dowgate Hill. Alms-
houses founded by West; various bequests to inmates of
ditto ; and others for poor of Company. Clerk, Beaumont
Charles Luttly, Esq.
Embroiderers. — No hall. Bequests from Smith and others to
almswomen,and poor of St. Benet Paul's Wharf; from Howse,
for poor and officers of Company, and parishes of St. Thomas
and St. Saviour. Clerk, James Burra, Esq., 19, Bread-street,
Cheapside.
Feltmakers. — No hall. Bequests of £2 each, to six poor master
felt makers ; of .£5 each to six poor widows of ditto ; and of
20s. each, to twenty-five decayed master hatters. Clerk,
James Peachey, Esq., 17, Salisbury Square, Fleet Street.
Fishmongers. — Hall, Adelaide Place, London Bridge. St.
Peter's Hospital (see Almshouses, which number altogether
94) ; various bequests for the inmates of ditto, also for in-
creasing them ; coals and other benefactions to poor of com-
pany. Sir Thomas Kneseworth's bequests, and Sergeant
Randolph's, now yielding twelve exhibitions, value £20 each
for seven years ; exhibitors are nominated by court of as-
sistants in rotation, and elected by the court ; they have
likewise the nomination of a fellowship of Sidney Sussex
College, Cambridge, termed Smith's scholarship — worth
JEIOO a year. A Free Grammar School at Holt, founded by
Sir T. Gresham ; six presentations to Christ's Hospital ;
several loans bearing interest, &c. Clerk, William Beckwith
Towse, Esq., at the hall.
Framexoorh Knitters. — No hall. See Bourne's Almshouses.
Clerk, Robert Anderson, Esq., 10, Langborne Chambers, Fen-
church-street.
Foionders. — Hall, Founder's Court, Lothbury, have a fund
for the relief of decayed liverymen and their widows :
termed " The Founders' Charitable Fund," from which pen-
sions are granted. Clerk, John Gray, Jun., Esq.
196
CITY CljaritaMg drifts (garimis) compakies .
GirdZers. — Hall, 39, Basinghall Street. See Girdlers' Alms-
houses ; various bequests to poor of Company ; of St. Bride's ;
and poor of St. James's, Clerkenwell ; also to clergyman and
poor of Burwash, Surrey. Clerk, William Walton, Esq.
Glass Sellers. — No hall. Hayes and others,poor of company.
Clerk, James Clift, Esq., 30, Bloomsbury Square.
Glaziers. — No hall. Wall and others, to aged females,
widows, and other poor of company. Clerk, Charles Henry
Lovell, Esq., 14, South Square, Gray's Inn.
Gold <& Silver Wire Drawers. — No hall. Russell, five poor
widows of freemen 20s. each. Clerk, S. Lepard, 9, Cloak-lane.
Goldsmiths. — Hall, Foster Lane. Almshouses, see list.
This opulent company's charities are very numerous : besides
their almshouses, they grant pensions, both settled and un-
settled, the former to one hundred freemen, and one hundred
and ten widows of ditto ; the latter consist of non-permanent
pensions, and are made to one hundred freemen, and fifty
widows ; it is estimated that the company distributes to the
poor as much as £5000 per annum. The bequests for their
support have been most liberal ; the principal donors' names
are, Atte Hay, £750 annually, Walton, £477 annually ; Sir
M. Bowes and others, £1,911 annually, towards almshouses
at Woolwich, poor of company, and various other items ; Sir
H. Middleton, £180 annually ; Sir J. Wollaston, £139 an-
nually ; and, amongst many others, an extensive bequest of
John Perryn, Esq., of East Acton, 1656, which has been
made available for the fine almshouses there, and other
charitable uses, at the discretion of Company. Under Mr.
Perryn's will, the company have also founded no less than
twenty-two exhibitions, eleven at each University, of £30
value, each for four years ; these are open without restriction
to all candidates. A distribution is also made to ten blind
men or women, pursuant to Farmer's bequest. Clerk, John
Lane, Esq., at the hall.
Grocers. — Hall, Grocers'-hall Court, 35, Poultry, have also
very valuable bequests in their trust, but no almshouses, ex-
cept for seven poor, attached to Sir W. Saxton's gift of £269
per annum, in support of Free Grammar School at Oundle,
Northampton ; two other schools are also in their trust, one
from Walwyn's gift, at Colwall, Hereford, which the com-
pany has much enlarged ; and the other at Witney, Oxford,
founded by Henry Box, Esq, ; several gifts to lend out as
loans ; and Lady Slaney's funds for apprenticing in West
197
CITY ^rnnt (Bn&niuniBnts. companies.
Wickham, and for the purchase of advowsons, (fee. ; also
large bequests from Lady Conway, Sir Thomas and Lady
Middleton, to poor of Company, poor of Acton, St. Dunstan
in the East, release of prisoners, and to Christ's Hospital ;
from T. Knowles, Sir H. Kebyll, and Sir W. Butler, bequests
to poor of company ; and various small exhibitions to Uni-
versity students, varying from £6 to £1, held until taking
degree of A.B. The amount annually distributed by this
company to the poor, may be stated at £1200. Clerk, Henry
Bicknell, Esq., at the hall.
Haberdashers. — Hall, 8, Gresham-street-west, City. Alms-
houses, see list. Bequests to poor of Company very consi-
derable : the principal are from Huntlowe, Sir S. Peacock,
Sir N. Rainton, and Jones ; also large sums for loans to
young members ; gifts to prisoners in Newgate and other
places ; nine bequests, value from £5 to ^10 each, for exhi-
bitions, to students at the Universities ; Hammond's bequest
for purchase of advowsons ; also trustees to Free Grammar
Schools at Banbury, Chester, Rolleston, Stafford, and at
Hoxton.
Jones Lectureship, a bequest to such " learned and faith-
ful preacher as the Company of Haberdashers shall appoint."
This lecture is preached every Tuesday morning, at the
church of St. Margaret, Lothbury ; and the whole of the
funds accruing from the property of the testator is devoted
to the benefit of the lecturer : it now amounts to between
£400 and £500 a- year. The present lecturer is the Rev.
Henry Melville, B.D.
Likewise, Trotman's Lectureship, at St. Giles's, Cripple-
gate, " of a Sunday morning at six o'clock, and once in the
week besides ; value, £40 per annum ;" and chaplaincy of
Aske's Hospital ; value, £50 per annum.
The amount annually distributed in charitable uses by
this Company exceeds ^£4,000 per annum. Clerk, John
Curtis, Esq.
Innholders. — Hall, 6, College-street, Dowgate-hill, Hinde
and Lewis's bequests to poor of Company ; and Bayley's to
vicar, churchwardens, and poor of St. Lawrence Jewry.
Clerk, Charles Druce, Esq., 10, Billiter-square.
Ironmongers. — Hall, 118, Fenchurch-street. See Jeffery's
Almshouses ; besides which, very large bequests are in their
trust, especially that of Thomas Bettons, a Turkey merchant,
consisting of an annual amount of, it is stated, £5,672 ; one
half to redeem slaves in Turkey, one fourth to schools, the
198
CITY C ljgritalilg #ift5 (nariniis) companies .
other fourth to Minister and decayed Freemen of Com-
pany ; also Handson's gifts to school and poor of St. Saviour's,
South wark, Christ's and other Hospitals, or poor of Company,
at discretion ; several sums for exhibitions, to University
students, of small amounts, varying from £3 to £5 per
annum ; privilege of sending two sons of Freemen to Christ's
Hospital ; and various others. Clerk, Simon Adams Beck, Esq.
LeatherseUers. — Hall, St. Helen's-place. Almshouses, see
list. Roger's bequest of £466, " to be employed in lands,
the best pennyworth they could get," for the benefit of poor
students. Now yielding four exhibitions, of £16 per annum
each, for four years. Elliot's, Sudbury's, Moseley's, and
others, for poor of Company, are of considerable amount ;
and portions for exhibitions to poor students, varying from
£4 to £5 each ; various sums for poor of almshouses ; also
Calfe's Free Grammar School at Lewisham ; and others.
Clerk, Charles Richards Vines, Esq.
Mercers — Hall, 4, Ironmonger-lane — are trustees to Tery
valuable and extensive charities. Norfolk College, and
other almshouses, see index ; see also St. Paul's and Mercers'
schools ; besides which, are very numerous bequests for ex-
hibitions to scholars in their schools. Viscount Campden's
gift produces £1,000 annually for that purpose ; several
sums to be lent, with and without interest. Sixteen exhi-
bitions to poor students at the Universities, varying from £7
to £24 per annum for seven years ; bequeathed by North,
Robinson, and others. Sir T. Gresham's extensive bequests
produce £3,040 annually, see Gresham College, and are in
the Company's management ; likewise a large amount left
by Sir T. Bennett, for poor of Wallingford, Berks ; release
of prisoners ; and Company's officers. Richard Fishbome's
bequests for several preacherships and lectures, including
one at Mercers' Chapel, St. Bartholomew's, by the Exchange,
etc. Lady Campden's bequests for loans gratis, impropria-
tions, etc., are very large ; and Sir R. Whittington's bequests
produce £4,868 annually. Clerk, H. Eugene Barnes, Esq.
Merchant Taylors. — Hall, 27 and 34 Threadneedle-street.
Pay between £3,000 and £4,000 yearly by bequests, besides
Almshouses and school. The principal gifts are those stand-
ing in the names of Holland, Sutton, Tressawell, Spencer,
Hyde, Sir W. Craven, and Vernon, which are of considerable
amount, and are mostly for benefit of poor of company, re-
lease of prisoners, etc.; several bequests to Christ's Hospital;
199
CITY jFriiiir fnbniuntnits. comt-anie3 .
schools at Great Crosby, Andlen, Chester, and at Ashwell,
Herts. Also several exhibitions, including Dr. Andrew's six,
of £50 each per annum ; Dr. Stuart's two, ditto ; Mr. Par-
kins's six of £40; and others of smaller amonnt. These are
mostly rendered available for students proceeding to college
from the Company's school. Lady Weld's bequest for pur-
chasing advowsons, etc. Megg's Almshouses, Whitechapel,
are in the gift of Company ; also Dame James Maynard's
bequest of £10 each to such sons of freemen as may serve
out their apprenticeship. Clerk, Samuel Fisher, Esq.
Painter, or Painter Stainers. — Hall, 9, Little Trinity-lane.
Have several bequests in their trust. See Mrs. Shank's dis-
tributions ; also Stock's charity to the lame : under Mr.
Stock's will, £100 is divided annually amongst ten poor
curates, through the clergy, or their corporation ; besides
which, are Evans and Chamberlain's gifts to poor of St. Mi-
chael, Bassishaw, and of St. Alphage ; and distributions from
a poor-box of the court, for poor freemen. Clerk, Philip Nel-
son Tomlins, Esq.
Parish Clerks. — Hall, 83, Wood-street, Cheapside. Roper's
gifts of bread and coals to poor prisoners and others, at dis-
cretion of company. Clerk, Joseph Wheeler, Esq.
Patten Makers. — No hall. Scrimshaw's bequest towards
expenses of company, and to four poor patten makers, or
their widows. Clerk, James Francis Firth, Esq., Town Clerk's
olEce, Guildhall.
Peicterers. — Hall, 17, Lime-street. Several bequests for
the poor of company, amounting to ^100 annually. Clerk,
William Dadley, Esq., 1, Anchor-terrace, Southwark.
Plasterers. — No hall. Thirty pounds annually to widows
of freemen. Clerk, H. Mott, Esq., 2, King's-road, Bedford-row.
Plumbers. — Hall, 12, Great Bush-lane. A small bequest
for widows and children of freemen. John Beckwith Towse,
Esq., 24, Lawrence Pountney-lane.
Poulterers. — No hall. School in St. Leonard's, Shoreditch,
and £30 annually, in various gifts, to distribute to poor of
company. Clerk, Wm. Henry Tadgrove, Esq., 52, Mark-lane.
Saddlers. — Hall, 143, Cheapside. Bequests for apprentic-
ing : for small pensions to poor saddlers, and other poor of
company. Clerk, Giles Clarke, Esq.
Salters. — Hall, St. Swithin's-lane. Have considerable sums
at their disposal (see almshouses), for their almsmen and
other poor ; and several bequests, to be used as loans, bear-
200
CITY CtjarMb #ifts (Darinns) companies.
ing interest, and mostly for the benefit of company's officers ;
also four exhibitions, of .£5 each per annum, to poor scholars
at St. John's, Cambridge, and Jesus College, Oxford. Clerk,
Edward Thompson, Esq.
Scriveners. — No hall. Ten pounds per annum for poor of
company. Clerk, Park Nelson, Esq., 11, Essex-street, Strand.
Skhiners. — Hall,8,Dowgate-hill. Have several Almshouses
(see Judd, Holies, Skinners), and large pensions for poor of
company, amounting to more than ^1,000 annually; and
four exhibitions to poor students, of ^15 per annum ; and
two, £5 per annum ; the principal donors of which have
been. Sir T. Smith, Thomas Hunt, Lewis Newberry, Sir
James Lancaster, and Lawrence Attwell, etc. Clerk, Thos.
Glover Kensit, Esq.
Stationers. — Hall, Stationers' Hall Court. Are trustees to
several excellent charities, among which are William Bow-
yer's, consisting of ^180 annually, which is divided among
eight or ten poor printers (compositors or pressmen") ; and
^30 to one other compositor, qualified according to will ;
also William Strahan's, consisting of sums to be divided
between five poor compositors of England, and five of Scot-
land, — those of England to be free of company ; and several
others, for poor journeymen and others. Forms of petition
may be obtained as the annuities fall in. A gift of A. Stra-
han, to be divided among six of the pensioners of William
Strahan ; also several distributions of bibles and prayers to
children of Christ's Hospital, and to freemen of company
and others ; and last, though not least, nearly £50 annually
for the poor, from bequests left by Mr. Guy, the founder of
the hospital.! Clerk, C. Rivington, Esq., 1 , Fenchurch-build.
Tallow Chandlers. — Hall, 5, Dowgate-hill. Trustees to
very trifling bequests, and those only for poor of company ;
amongst which may be mentioned Mr. Banks' pensions of
£20 per annum to poor liverymen, or widows thereof. Clerk,
Horatio Nelson Fisher, Esq., 50, Fenchurch-street.
Upholders. — No hall. Twenty poor freemen £1 each, by
■will of Miers. Clerk, Timothy Tyrrell, Esq., Remembrancer's
office, Guildhall.
! Became a member of the company in 1688, and " commenced busi-
ness, as a printer, in the house that till of late years formed the angle
between Cornhill and Lombard-street. There he laid the foundation of
his mighty fortune by contracting with the Universities for the printing
of bibles." — The Stationers' Company, by J. Saunders.
201
CITY ^xnm 6\\hmmmi5. companies.
Vintners. — Hail, 685 Upper Thames-street. See Alms-
houses ; also several small bequests to poor ; and sums for
loans,amounting,inall,to^l50annuaUy. Clerk,C.Martin,Esq.
Wax Chandlers. — Hall,Gresham-street West, City. Thomp-
son's bequest, of ^84 annually, and a few others, for widows
and other poor of company. Clerk, Mark Henry Gregory, Esq.
Weavers, — Hall, 22, Basinghall-street. See Almshouses ;
several bequests from Hosea, Morton, Saunders, and others,
for providing and clothing poor of company, etc. Clerk,
Benjamin Hard wick, Esq.
Parochial Charities. Bequests similar to those in
trust of the foregoing companies, of a greater or less ex-
tent, are attached to most of the metropolitan parishes, under
the management of special trustees, the respective vestries,
or the chiirch wardens for the time being ; the aggregate value
of which, connected with the parishes of London and West-
minster, and immediate vicinity, amounts to £40,000 per
annum. Examples of their ordinary character have already
been furnished, page 167. Any attempt at a complete account
of such miscellaneous charitable bequests or endowments,
would only occupy much valuable space, without serving any
useful purpose; but wc cannot close this chapter without
noticing the following two or three, as of more than local
interest, and respecting which inquiries are often heard.
PATRIOTIC FUND, 61, Thrfeadneedle-street. Esta-
blished 1803. Originally for the encouragement and relief
of those engaged in defending this country during the war,
from 1803 to 1815, and was set on foot by the subscribers to
Lloyd's Coffee House, who voted a sum of £20,000 for the
purpose, and has been augmented at intervals by them and
the public at large -^ the benefit at present is limited to the
affording relief to such in her Majesty's service as may be
disabled by wounds received in action, and to the widows
and children, and dependant relatives, of those killed, need-
ing assistance.
Trustees, George Shedden, Esq. ; G. R. Smith, Esq. ; William
G. Shedden, Esq. ; William Thompson, Esq. ; Abel Smith, Esq.
Chairman, George Shedden, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. J. P. Lines.
THE CHOLMONDELEY TRUST cojisists of property
left by the late Mr. George James Cholmondeley, of Great
1 The subscribers to Lloyd's voted J20,000 in 1803, ^5,000 in 1809,
and again ^£1 0,000 in 1812. No report is published of either the present
disbursements, or state of the fund generally.
202
CjiaritaMi? jiffe (narinHs) frnm (Bn^niuingnte.
Cumberland-street, for charitable purposes, at the discretion
of the trustees ; of whom are the two Archbishops, and the
Bishop of London. The amount of fund is believed to be
upwards of £150,000, and comprehended the bulk of the
testator's property. It is rendered available chiefly for dis-
tressed clergymen ; also for the education of their children
for the church, etc. There exists no published account of
it, neither are particulars furnished to individuals ; but such
as are desirous of making application for its benefits must
do so by petition to the trustees, to their Secretary, Joseph
Hanby, Esq., of the Almonry, Scotland-yard, Whitehall.
THE MA UND Y GIFTS?' This, strictly speaking, comes
not within our limits ; but, as a charitable custom, annually
brought under notice, it appears necessary to explain its
origin and nature. It is the remains of an old custom of
royal alms-giving, upon the Thursday preceding Good Friday,
commenced by Edward III, at a jubilee held by him when
he was fifty years of age, 1363. The ceremony now consists
in giving food, clothing, and pieces of silver money, to as
many persons as there are years in the queen's age : may
the number of recipients long be on the increase. The dis-
tribution is generally conducted, at the Chapel Royal, by the
Bishop of Oxford, as almoner, or, in his absence, by the Rev.
Dr, Jelf, sub-almoner. The ceremony is preceded by Divine
Service, commencing at 2 p.m. Admission can only be ob-
tained by tickets issued at the Almonry Office, Whitehall.
FLOOD'S CHARITABLE DISTRIBUTION,— 9xis&8
from the dividends of £2,500, left by Mr. Luke Thomas
Flood, an old and respectable magistrate and inhabitant of
Chelsea. According to Mr, Flood's will, the same are distri-
buted every 13th day of January, in the following manner:
— To two deserving housekeepers of Chelsea, .£30 ; to two
hundred and eighty distressed parishioners, one quartern loaf
each ; to two of the most deserving children in the parish
charity school, £28, for apprenticeship fees ; to forty of the
next best children, £4 ; to the clergyman examining them,
£2 ; and to the organist, for playing on the occasion, £1, 10s.
^ " The word ' Maundy' is derived from ' mande,' a handbasket, in
which the king was accustomed to give the alms." — Spelman. But Bishop
Wheatly affords a more significant meaning, giving its origin as " man-
dati dies," the day on which our Saviour gave his mandate that we should '
love one another.
203
^sqlmnsfnrtljE ^gr&.
CHAPTER XL
ASYLUMS AND ALMSHOUSES FOR
THE AGED.
Asylums for tbe Aged. — General Remarks upon their Number, Value,
and Annual Endowment. — Comparative decrease of Foundations, with
gradual rise of Workhouses, and increased Poor's- Rate. — General
Summary of present Condition, &c. — St. Katherine's Hospital, WTiit-
tington's College, and other similar Establishments, arranged according
to date of original foundation. — Stafford's Almshouses, and general
condensed Account of the Endowed Almshouses connected with the
Metropolis. — Licensed Victuallers', and Asylums of more recent esta-
blishment.
Bepobe considering the General Benevolent and Benefit
Funds, provided against age or reverse of fortune, it appears
desirable to give the various Colleges, Hospitals, and Alms-
houses ; because, not only do they afford asylums for the aged,
but, in most instances, the entire maintenance of the inmates
is provided for by annual pensions and other alloAvances.
Colleges consist of entire establishments, upon more en-
larged plans than Almshouses ; and are governed by a Master
and other incorporate officers, meeting generallyat one board ;
the benefits of the foundation being chiefly, indeed, for such
persons, with the addition of other poorer brethren, as may
be provided for. In some of these, such as Charter House,
Sion College, and Dulwich College, the intentions of their
founders have been carried out by the increased value of, and
subsequent additions to, the original bequest, — so to include
the education of youth, the advancement and benefit of lite-
rature and art, etc. ; but, under the present heading, it has
been the endeavour to consider them only as regards " cha-
204
CjiHritiBS fnr
rities for the aged" ; but many of them will be referred to
in future chapters for their other contingent benefits.
The Almshouses, endowed, and left in the trust of com-
panies and local trustees, will be found by the annexed sum-
mary to be very numerous. A system of arrangement has
been pursued, to afford a clear view of their relative details ;
and attention has been directed to ascertain their present
actual condition. This, however, must in some measure, in
a few instances, fail. The difficulty of identifying existing
establishments with the accounts gleaned from historians of
London of the past century has been great, — inasmuch as
many are no longer in existence as distinct institutions ; of
others the names have been altered ; the endowments of two
or three are often merged into one; and the buildings removed
to more appropriate localities. Amongst other results of our
inquiries, they have tended to reduce the number of alms-
houses as set down by many modem authors ; and even in
the present carefully examined account, we are aware that
one or two abatements must be made for the dubiousness
attending the actual existence of a few in the environs ;
but consideration has induced us to give insertion to them,
deeming it not unlikely, — or undesirable, should they not
now be in existence, — that further steps be taken by the
persons locally interested to trace the appropriation of the
original endowment.
The third class of these Asylums comprehend the more
modern institutions, depending wholly or in part upon the
charitable support of the present age ; under this head there
will be found but comparatively few. Almshouses have not
increased in our own day in the same proportion as other
charities. This may be accounted for by other causes than
the rise of workhouses, and increase of poor's-rates.^ The
charitably inclined of the present time are not so satisfied
with leaving endowments, but recognize, it is to be hoped, the
requirements that real charity demand ; such as active con-
^ No compulsory law for the maintenance of the poor was enacted until
the 27th Henry VIII, 1535. The origin of the present system of poor-
laws is referred to the 43rd Elizabeth, 1600. The Poor- Law Amendment
Bill was passed 4th and 5th William IV, Aug. 1834. In 1580, the rates
for the relief of the poor amounted to i£188,81 1 ; in 1680, to i£665,662 ;
in 1698, to ^819,000; in 1760, to Jl, 556,804; in 1785, to ^2,184,950;
in 1802, to ^4,952,421; in 1830, to ^8,1 11,422 ; in 1840, to ^£5,468,699 ;
in 1846, to ^£5,643,650; in 1849, to ^£5 ,792,963.
205
ST. KATHERINe's 3['1JB ^gftl. HOSPITAL, A.D. 1145
sideration and judgment, united with personal exertions ;
and it may be inferred by a glance at the dates of the founda-
tion of these endowed asylums, that their origin partook of
much of the " charity by death necessitate," peculiar to the
times.
Prior to 16th
century. 16th. 17th. 18th. TotaU
Colleges, Hospitals, and
superior Foundations 2 ... 2 ... 7 ... — ... 11
Almshouses 1 ... 20 ... 37 ... 24 ... 82
Those in the eighteenth century, nearly all previ-
ous to 1750
The former 1 1 afford residence, with various pensions
and necessaries, as detailed under each account, to
brethren, almsmen, and others, to the number of 343
The latter 82 to 1074
The aggregate annual amount (endowed), as nearly
as careful calculation can arrive at, of the former, is .£40,600
Of the latter £36,590
This is exclusive of the two Royal Hospitals of Chelsea
and Greenwich, which are of a different character, and will
be found treated of at length in this chapter.
The Asylums and Almshouses, depending on voluntary
contributions, it will be seen, have all arisen between 1811
and the present time. Of these, there are 10 establishments
of a distinct constitution ; few, if any, of them affording pen-
sions, consequently, their benefits are available to a larger
number, in proportion to the amount of income.
The number of inmates is ... ... ... ... 493
The aggregate amount of annual income ... ... ii5,857
Besides these, are nine establishments in connexion with
Provident Institutions, which will be found detailed in the
succeeding chapter.
ST. KATHERINE'S HOSPITAL, Regent's Park.
Founded about 1145. This establishment is collegiate, and
is under the management of the Queen Consort as visitor ;
if no such, the Queen Dowager ; and if none, then the
king.' The ancient hospital was founded upon the site of
^ The word "king" is now read "reigning sovereign," as, by the lamented
death of the late Queen Dowager, a contingency occurred not otherwise
provided against. In Queen Eleanor's charter, the object of her founda-
tion is stated to be " for the health of the soul of her late husband, and
of the souls of the preceding and succeeding kings and queens." One of
206
ST. katherine's CtfflritirS fnr hospital, a.d. 1145
the present St. Katharine's Docks, by Matilda, queen of
King Stephen, as a priory, for her son Baldwin and daughter
Matilda, and for the maintenance of a master, three brothers,
and three sisters, ten poor women, called bedeswomen, and
six poor scholars, and other persons. It was augmented,
or rather refounded, by Queen Eleanor, widow of Henry III,
in 1273, and subsequently by other queens of England,
in whom the patronage has always remained. Such pa-
tronage, as may be imagined, has always served to secure
for the hospital the interest of " a friend at court" ; and
in 1442, in consequence of the special representation of
its master of the insufficiency of its funds, this interest
was exerted to procure for it the grant of privileges
of no ordinary kind or value ; they consisted of no less than
a charter of exemption for the immediate district of the
hospital, from all ecclesiastical and secular jurisdiction,
except that of the Lord Chancellor and the master of the
hospital. The precinct thus granted, with the various con-
tingent advantages at the same time secured to it, soon be-
came a valuable one, and it was only by the watchful guar-
dianship of Queen Anne Boleyn and other queen consorts,
that these privileges were still respected. Their value may
be conceived from the fact, that in 1824, when by act of
parliament it was determined to build the present St.
Katharine's Docks, the compensation made to the hospital,
Tinder the direction of Lord Eldon, amounted to no less a
sum than £125,000, as the value of the precinct estate,
.£36,000 for building a new hospital, £2,000 for the pur-
chase of a site, and several smaller sums to those whose in-
terests suffered by the removal. The present building,
erected 1827, consists of a very handsome chapel, which
contains the curious pulpit, monuments, etc., brought from
the priests was daily required to siug a mass ; another to " celebrate daily
divine service, solemnly and devoutly, for the foresaid souls." She or-
dained, moreover, that on the return of each Edmund the Confessor's
day, there should be bestowed one halfpenny, in form aforesaid, upon one
thousand poor men.
^ Mr. Knight states : " The precinct possessed, at this time, both a spin-
tual and temporal court ; the former was a royal jurisdiction ibr all eccle-
siastical causes within the precinct, probate of wills, etc. ; in the temporal
court the high steward of the jurisdiction of St. Katherine presided. In
1661, the number of houses within the precinct was 731 ; in 1708, 850;
and in 1821 had decreased to 427, which were inhabited by 686 families."
207
whittington's college, ^IjB ^gBi. a.d. 1421
the ancient hospital ; dwellings for the brethren and sisters,
and a handsome villa and pleasure grounds, on the oppo-
site side, for the master. The revenues of the hospital
may be applied for such good and charitable purposes, as
directed by the royal patroness for the time being : and
The School, now attached, consists of thirty boys and twenty
girls, who are educated, for the most part clothed, and after
the age of fourteen apprenticed. The affairs of the hospital
are managed by the Chapter, which consists of the brethren
and sisters before-mentioned. The brothers are in orders,
but not restricted from marrying, the sisters unmarried or
widows. The appointment of bedesmen and women rests
with the Chapter ; they are non-resident, and receive ,£10
per annum for life. The income of the hospital is not much
less than £6,000 per annum, and the expenditure between
£4,000 and £5,000. The appointment of the master and
brethren and sisters is now held by her Majesty the Queen,
and are of considerable value.
Visitor, the Lord Chancellor. — 'Master, Hon. William Ashley.
— Brethren, Rev. John Wightman ; and Rev. George Townshend
Hudson. — Sisters, Miss Wilson ; Miss Northey ; Lady Taylor.' —
Receiver, John Seeker, Esq. — Schoolmaster, Mr. Flicker. —
Schoolmistress, Miss West.
WHITTINOTOI^'S COLLEGE OR ALMSHOUSES,
Highgate, otherwise " God's House", so called by his execu-
tors, was founded originally on College Hill, 1421,^ by Sir
R. Whittington, and demands especial notice for its present
superiority of establishment, handsome building, and gene-
ral asociation with all that is magnificently liberal in cha-
ritable citizenship : as is well known, this stands as a me-
morial of the benevolence of the thrice mayor of London :
" for perpetual sustentation of needy and poor people." The
" Tutor", who is the head of the college, is in holy orders ;
and his duties, besides performing Divine service, consist in
"overseeing the husbandry of the house, and nourishing
charity and peace amongst his fellows." Each inmate must
be " meek of spirit, destitute of temporal goods in other
places by which he might competently live, chaste and of good
^ The present establishment is an elegant yet substantial structure,
built of stone, in the collegiate style of architecture, situated near High-
gate Archway. It was erected in the year 1822, at a total cost of little
less than J2U,000.
208
EMANUEL COLLEGE, CjlHlitifS fill A.D. 1594
conversation"; and to be selected, must be thus qualified ;
above fifty-five years of age, with no freehold property worth
i£20, or other property to the amount of £30 annually.
The inmates receive £30 annually from the college funds,
besides the enjoyment of various gifts, the advantages of
medical attendance, assistance of nurses, etc. Besides
this amount to the inmates, there is £1000 per annum dis-
tributed to about thirty or forty out-pensioners. The funds
for the entire support of the hospital are said to exceed
£5000 per annum.
The establishment is under the sole management of the
Mercers' Company, to whom applications for vacancies must
be addressed ; they are of course available more especially
to livery or freemen of the company.
QUEEN ELIZABETH'S COLLEGE, Lewisham-road,
to the southwest of the town of Greenwich, is a very ancient
establishment, the management of which is vested in the Dra-
pers' Company ; it consists of twenty small tenements with gar-
dens attached ; it was founded and endowed 1576, by William
Lambard, author of the Peramhulation of Kent, " for twenty
poor persons"; he committed the direction of it to the Mas-
ter of the Rolls for the time being and the Drapers' Company.
Highmore mentions this as " the first hospital founded by
a Protestant." The appointment of the pensioners is thus
arranged : one by the Master of the Rolls, one by the two
elder wardens of the company, one by the steward of the
manor of Greenwich, one by the drapers of Greenwich, six
by the vicar and parish officers of Greenwich — three of
Lewisham, three of Eltham, and one of each of the follow-
ing places : Charlton, Redbrook, Woolwich, and Lee : they
must be " poor, honest, and godly persons "; and preference
is given to certain qualifications, if more applicants than
vacancies. The value of the pension, which at the first was
about six shillings per month, is now about £15 per annum.
Senior Warden, Mr. A. Dudman. — Clerk and Solicitor to the
Trustees, Edward Lawford, Esq.
EMANUEL COLLEGE, James Street, Westminster.
Instituted 1594. Incorporated 1660. This institution was
founded by Lady Dacre,^ for ten poor men, ten poor women,
^ The original design was that of Gregory Lord Dacre's, who appropri-
ated j640 a year in lands, for ever, " towards the relief of aged people,
209
EMANUEL, A.D. 1594. 3[,|fB iEgt^. CHARTER-HOUSE, 1611
ten poor boys, and ten poor girls ; one of each from the
parishes of Chelsea, Hayes, in Middlesex, City of London,
and Brainsburton,^ in Yorkshire, and the rest from the pa-
rish of Westminster ; each pensioner to have a house and
garden, £20 a year, and two chaldron of coals. This num-
ber has been from time to time extended, and now there is
double the original number, besides sixty children ; and the
payment to pensioners increased to £24 per annum.
Supported by the manor of Brainsburton, in Yorkshire,
which, at first, was let for less than £300, but now for nearly
£3,000 per annum, and placed under the guardianship of
the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London for the
time being ; for ever, — this has been since confirmed to them
by Act of Parliament.
Applications for vacancies to be made to the Town Clerk's
Office, GuildhaU.
Trustees, the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London. — Master,
Rev. R. J. Waters, D.D.
THE CHA RTER HO USE, Charter-house-square, Alders-
gate Street. Instituted 1611. Comprehends in one, a col-
legiate asylum for the aged, and an educational establishment
for the young ; and forms together one of the chief charita^
ble foiindations of the metropolis. The ground on which it
stands, was anciently part of the estate of the master and
brethren- of St. Bartholomew's Spital,^ and was purchased, in
1349, by Sir Walter de Manny, who, assisted by bequests
from Michael de Northburg, Bishop of London, built on it
a convent for Monks of the Order of Carthusians, or Char-
treux, so called from Chartreuse in Dauphiny, where the
Order was first established, — whence also, the name of the
present Hospital. This building, after changing into many
hands, was purchased in 1611 by Thomas Sutton, the wealthy
and bringing up children in virtue and good and laudable acts." In this
plan, his lady, Annie Baroness Dacre, concuiTed. His lordship dying
before his intentions were executed, his lady took up with the plan, and
carried it into effect. Lady Dacre's will bears date December 20, 1594."
— Highmore's Chanties.
^ Besides the income from rents, there is now an increasing amount
derived from dividends on stock; so that, at the present time, the whole
amount cannot be less than ^4,000 per annum.
^ Strype and Bearcroft agree in this account, but, according to Mal-
colm, it was anciently part of the estate of the Hospital of St John of
Jerusalem.
14
1
210
THE CHARTER-HOUSE. ChillitifS fOI A.D. 1611
merchant of London ;i who, immediately after his purchase,
instituted the present establishment, for which he obtained
a chai'ter from James I. In the same year, the benevolent
founder died, and his remains now rest under the chapel of
the establishment.
Eighty aged men are maintained by this foundation, called
pensioners or poor brethren ; they are admissible at fifty years
of age, and must be natives of Great Britain and Protestants
of the Church of England, preference being given to those
who have experienced better days. They live together in
collegiate style, provided with handsome apartments, and all
necessaries except apparel, in lieu of which they are allowed
£14 a year and a gown each. They are nominated in the
same manner as the scholars ; of whom there are at present
^ Thomas Sutton, Esq., the founder of the modem Charterhouse, was
born at Knaith, Lincolnshire, in 1533, and educated at Eton. In 1562
he became secretary to the Earl of Leicester ; and afterwards, as Master
of the Ordnance at Berwick, so distinguished himself upon the breaking
out of the Northern Rebellion, as to obtain special commendation of
Queen Elizabeth, who rewarded him with a pension of ^'3:4: 8. In
1680, by the purchase of estates producing coal mines, he was reputed
to have been worth ^50,000, and soon afterwards became a merchant,
with thirty agents abroad ; was appointed, successively, chief victualler
to the navy, and commissioner for prizes, under Charles Howard; in
1602 he retired from public life, and having purchased this mansion from
the Howards, within a few years devoted his property to its endowment
as a charitable establishment, notwithstanding the endeavour to divert
him from his purpose by the Court, — by the offer of a peerage, condi-
tional on his making the Duke of Yorlt (afterwards James 1) his heir.
Mr. Sutton was, however, free from ambition; and, being much advanced
in life, the lustre of a coronet had but little charm for him ; and June
22nd, 1611, by permission of the King, he obtained his deed of incorpo-
ration, which sets forth that he shall endow the hospital with fifteen
manors and other lands, of the value of ^4,499 : 19 : 10. He then pro-
ceeded to fit up the house and buildings, at an expense (according to
Strype) of i.'7,000. He had entertained a wish to have filled the office of
first master himself; but his health suffered considerably by a slow
fever, and therefore he appointed the Rev. John Hutton, A.M., vicar of
Littlebury, on the 30th of October 1611 ; made his will on the 28th of
November, and died on the 10th of December in the same year, not living
to see the fruits of his benevolent exertions. Stowe speaks of this foun-
dation, " as the greatest gift in England, either in Protestant or Catholic
times, ever bestowed by any individual ;" and until we come down to
that of Guy's Hospital, it may be so considered. The property consisted
of about £5,000 per annum, and i£60,000 ready money.
211
NORFOLK COLLEGE. 3^1jJ ilgftl. A.D. 1613
• forty-four, termed " on the foundation", supported free of
expense ; they are presented by the governors in rotation,
and are admitted at any age between ten and fourteen years.
There are several exhibitions to the universities, available
for foundation scholars only ; these vary in value from £20 to
£100.
The Charter House is now in a very flourishing condition,
and has given education to some of the first scholars of the
day. Here both Addison and Steele received their educa-
tion. From the date of its establishment to 1673, the income
fluctuated considerably, through political changes ; it then
reached £5391. Since that period, however, it has not in-
creased in proportion to the improved revenues of other
estates, as, according to Maitland, in his time the revenue
amounted only to £6000.
The Governors, who present to this foundation in rotation, are
the Queen, the Prince Albert, Archbishop of Canterbury, the
Lord Chancellor, Archbishop of York, Duke of Buccleuch and
Queensberry, Duke of Wellington, Earl of Devon, Earl of Liver-
pool, Lord Howe, Earl of Ripon, Lord John Russell, Bishop of
London, Lord Denman, Lord Lyndhurst, Sir R. Peel, and Arch-
deacon Hale.
Master, Archdeacon Hale, M.A. — Preacher, Rev. George
Currey, M.A. — School : Head Master, Rev. Augustus P. Saun-
ders, D.D. — Usher, Rev. Oliver Walford, M.A. — Assistants:
Rev. H. W. PhiUott, M.A., Rev. C. G. Curtis, B.A., Leonard
Burrows, M.A. — French Master, Mons. Brasseur. — Writing
Master, Mr. Edward Maxwell. — Registrar and Receiver and
Steward of Courts, Archdeacon Keightly, Esq. — Reader and Li-
brarian, Rev. Charles R. Dicken, M.A.^ — Resident Medical Officer,
John Miles, Esq.— Physician, Dr. Babington. — Consulting Sur-
geon, F. C. Skey, Esq. — Organist, W. Horsley, Esq. — Assistant
Receiver, Mr. Charles Gatty. — Manciple, Mr. Tucker.
NORFOLK COLLEGE, otherwise Trinity Hospital,
Greenwich, was founded, 1613, by letters patent of James I,
pursuant to the will of Henry, Earl of Northampton. He
endowed it with lands and revenues for the support of a
warden and seventy pensioners, twelve of whom are to be of
the parish of Greenwich and eight of the parish of Shotis-
ham, in Norfolk ; they must have been inhabitants of the
parish four years, unmarried, fifty-six years of age, at the
least, and not possessing property to the amount of £1 per
annum. The amount they receive is at the discretion of the
212
ST. Peter's hospital, CjlHrilifS fni a.d. 1618
Mercers' Company, in whose management the whole endow- ■
ment is vested : the funds are believed to be in a flourish-
ing condition, and it is estimated the income is about j£l200
per annum. Applications must be made by petition to the
Court of Assistants, addressed to H. E. Barnes, Esq., the
clerk of the company.
ST. PETER'S HOSPITAL,^ opposite the Elephant and
Castle, Newington ; the original building was founded by
letters patent of James I, 1618, and composed what was
termed the old building, for twenty-two inmates ; and the
new, endowed by James Hulbert, Esq., for twenty inmates.
The present hospital consists of three courts with gardens
behind ; and a dining-hall forms part of the establishment :
the inmates still consist of forty-two poor men and women
free of the company, or widows of freemen. The married
people receive 12s. a week, the single 7s. or 8s., and 10s. ac-
cording to their age and infirmities ; and those who require
a nurse have an extra 2s. The almspeople also receive gifts
in money and clothing during the year. Service is per-
formed daily in the chapel, and the chaplain and a medical
man engaged by the company visit the almspeople when ill.
The expenditure is estimated to average under £2,000 per
annum. This may be considered a fair sample of the best
of the Companies' almshouses, of which a summary is ap-
pended further on, as a more detailed account would form
in many respects a repetition only of particulars. There are
other almshouses of this Company (the Fishmongers'), at
Mile-end. Vide page 223.
DULWICH COLLEGE, Dulwich. Founded 1619.
Called " God's gift college in Dulwich," The establishment
consists of a chapel, school-house, and twelve almshouses : it
was founded by Edward AUeyne f and, in 1810, Sir Francis
1 Under management of the Fishmongers* Company, to whom appli-
cations from freemen of the Company must he addressed, to the care of
the clerk, W. B. Towse, Esq.
2 The founder was the son of Edward Alleyne, of Willyn, bom 1566,
in the parish of AUhallows, Lombard-street ; described by the old histo-
rians as an actor ; but his general occupation, or that by which he made
most money, appears to have been proprietor of bear-gardens; he was
some long time also proprietor of the " Fortune" playhouse. His second
wife was supposed to be a daughter of Dr. Donne. The letters patent date
June 21, 1619 (James I): "to Edward Alleyne, Esq., chief master, ruler,
and overseer, of the game of bears, &c., to found a college at Dulwich, in
213
DULWICH COIiLEGE,1619 JlIJC ^gB&, SIGN COLLEGE, A.D. 1631
Bourgeois, R.A., left the whole of his collection of pictures,
(fee. There are six poor brethren and six poor sisters on
the foundation, elected from the parishes of St. Saviour,
St. Luke, St. Botolph, and Camberwell. The school main-
tains, clothes, and educates twelve scholars from the above
parishes ; and educates eighty children of inhabitants of
Dulwich. The education given is such as to qualify the
boys for tradesmen. The present gallery was completed and
opened in 1817, to which the public are admitted by tickets,
obtainable at most printsellers in London. The statutes of
the college require that the master and warden should bear
the name of AUeyne or Allen.
The Governors are, the Master, Warden, and Fellows of the
College, who are : Master, George John Allen, Esq. — Warden,
J. G. Newton Alleyne, Esq. — Fellows, Rev. Charles Howe, M.A. ;
Rev. W. Fellowes, M.A. ; Rev. William L. Chafy, M.A. ; Rev.
Edward A. Giraud, M.A.
SION COLLEGE AND LIBRARY, Aldermanbury.
Incorporated 1631. This collegiate establishment was founded
by Dr. Thomas White, Vicar of St. Dunstan in the West,
who left £3,000 to purchase the ground and build the col-
Surrey, to endure and remain for ever, and to consist of a master, warden,
four fellows, six poor brothers, six poor sisters, and twelve poor scholars ;
to be sustained, educated, guided, governed, and ruled, according to such
statutes as he in his life time shall establish and direct," &c. The statutes
of the College were signed by him September 29th, 1626, 2 Car. I. About
1614 this same founder erected almshouses at the west end of Bishopsgate
parish, in Petty France, for ten poor men and women ; in 1730, the street
being altered to the present New Broad-street, these were taken down, and
others erected in Lamb-alley. He also built similar houses in Pest House-
lane,01d-street,in 1616 : and a third lot in Deadman'splace, Southwark.
See Alleyne's almshouses.
^ According to Camden, Malcolm, and others, the ancient site of this
building was a nunnery, which, having fallen to decay, was purchased
by William Elsynge, citizen. It was for some time termed Elsynge
Spital, and maintained a warden, four priests, and one hundred sick per-
sons ; soon after it was changed into a priory, of which Elsynge became
prior. It continued a priory until the time ef Henry VIII, when it was
partially destroyed by fire; the site was rescued from oblivion by T)r.
White, whose bequest, as above, bears date October 1, 162.3. It is held
by two charters of incorporation, dated July 3, 6 Charles I; and June
20, 16 Charles II. By these authorities, a president, two deans, and four
assistants, with all the rectors and vicars, lecturers and curates, of the
city and suburbs, were constituted to be a corporation. Their seal is the
id Samaritan, with the motto — " Vade, fac similiter."
i
214
BROMLEY COLLEGE. CllflrititS fe A.D. 1668
lege, with almshouses for ten poor men and ten poor women,
and endowed it with £150 a-year for ever. The corporation
of Bristol, the birthplace of Dr. White, have the nomination
of four of the inmates, the parish of St. Dunstan, Fleet-street,
■where he officiated nearly fifty years, six ; the parish of St.
Gregory, where he resided for about twenty years, two ;
and the Merchant Taylors' Company, eight ; the amount of
pension is worth £15 per annum, and each person upon ad-
mission has to afford security against becoming chargeable
to the parish of St. Alphage or to the college.
The library and other purposes of the foundation come
not within our limits, but it is as well to add, that the former
is celebrated for its ecclesiastical literature of the earliest
centuries. It was incorporated in the sixth year of Charles
I, by which the Bishop of London was appointed visitor.
In 1666, the original building was destroyed by fire, but
afterwards rebuilt as at present and the new library greatly
added to, particularly by a part of the Jesuit library, seized
in 1670, and by various donations. All incumbents of
parishes within the city and liberties of London, are fellows.
Visitor, the Lord Bishop of London. — President, J. Lupton,
M.A.— Deans, J. A. Roberts, M.A. ; R. Roxley, M.A. ; R. Rud-
dock, M.A. ; T. H. Home, M.A. ; W. Blunt, B.A. ; H. J. New-
berry, M.A. — Librarian and Secretary, Rev. Henry Christmas,
M.A. — Solicitor, Thomas Wilson, Esq.
BROMLEY COLLEGE is an establishment at the en-
trance of the town from the London-road. It was endowed
and founded by John Warner, D.D., Bishop of Rochester, in
1668, " for the benefit of twenty poor widows of loyal and
orthodox clergymen." The funds have been subsequently
largely increased, by the benefactions from Bishop Pearce,
Jeflfery Hetherington, Esq., of North Clay ; his brother and
heir, the Rev. William Hetherington (the great benefactor
to the blind) ; William Pearse, Esq., the bishop's brother ;
and Mrs. Betenson : so that forty widows have now each an
allowance of £38 per annum and a separate and commodious
residence. Mrs. Sheppard founded and endowed another
charity in connexion with this, for the benefit of five unmar-
ried daughters of widows, who have resided here ; with a
liberal allowance, and separate and agreeable dwellings ad-
joining the college.
This excellent establishment is under the government of
trustees, " part of whom are elective, the remainder ex officio;
215
CHELSEA HOSP. 1692 ^{u ^gjjl. GBEENWICH HOSP.1694
of the latter are the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop
of Rochester, the Archdeacon and the Chancellor of the dio-
cese, the Dean of St. Paul, and Dean of the Arches.
THE ROVAL HOSPITAL AT CHELSEA. Esta-
blished 1692. This national establishment owes its origin
to the benevolent exertions of Sir Stephen Fox, who pur-
chased the ancient building from the Royal Society, and
persuaded King Charles II to settle £5,000 per annum upon
it, and erect a building of the value of ^20,000 ; continuing
an active friend in behalf of the institution. The building
was erected from the designs, and under the superintendence
of Sir Christopher Wren, and completed about the year 1692,
in the reign of William and Mary, at a total cost, it is said,
of about .£150,000. It is under the management of commis-
sioners and military oflScers ; and is for the admission of in-
pensioners who have claims on the public for services per-
formed in the army, not receiving any out-pension during
the time they are on the in-pension. The funds to defray
the charges, both of the out and in-pensions, are voted by
Parliament, and the rates of pension are regulated by royal
warrants ; the discharged soldiers, after certain periods of
service, having a vested interest in their pensions.
The present number of out-pensioners is nearly 70,000,
who receive 6d., 9d., or Is. per diem ; and the number of in-
pensioners is . 539, who are well clothed and fed, and are
allowed Id. a-day for tobacco, which is called " her majesty's
bounty." The ages of these pensioners vary from 60 to 90
years, and two veterans have attained the age of 104.
Commissioners, the great Officers of State. — Military Officers
— Governor, General Sir Colin Halkett. — Lieutenant Governor,
Sir A. F. Barnard. — Major, Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Le Blanc.
— Adjutant, Colonel Sir Morillyon Wilson. — Chaplain, Rev. Geo.
Mathias. — Secretary, Lieutenant-Colonel Alderson, R.E. — Deputy
Surgeon, T. C. Gaulter, M.D. — Physician and Surgeon, Daniel
Maclachlan, M.D. — Assist. Surgeon, A. A. Prout, Esq. — Steward
and Storekeeper, Captain Sutherland.
THE ROYAL HOSP IT A L AT GREENWICH Esta-
blished 1694.-^ Stands unrivalled both as a specimen of
Grecian architecture, and as a charitable institution. It
consists of five distinct buildings, erected at intervals, but
mostly under the direction of Sir Christopher Wren, to whom
^ 1695 is the more generally recognized date of its establishment ; but
216
GREENWICH HOSPITAL. CjlHtititS flU A.D. 1694
the credit of the general plan must be awarded. In different
parts of the institution, apartments are provided for the go-
vernor and principal officers, and a sufficient number of
wards are fitted up for the comfortable accommodation of
2,710 in-pensioners, and 71 nurses, widows of seamen, who
must be 45 years of age at the time of admission, and are
allowed from ^11 to £-20 per annum.
The pensioners must be aged and maimed seamen of the
navy or the marines. The boatswains are allowed 3s. 6d.,
mates, 2s. 6d., and privates. Is. per week, in addition to
maintenance and clothing. The vacancies are filled up twice
in each month. The number of out-patients varies from
13,000 to 14,000.
The revenue of the hospital was, until lately, supported
in part by a monthly deduction from the wages of merchant
seaman ; but, by the 4th and 5th William IV, cap. 34, the
sums thus collected were made over to the Merchant Sea-
men's Corporation, and the deficiency caused to the hospital's
revenue made good by an annual grant of ,£20,000, charged
upon the Consolidated Fund. This grant, the annual pro-
ceeds of valuable estates bequeathed to the hospital in
Northumberland, Durham, and Cumberland, parliamentary
benefactions, and the interest of money in the public funds,
form in the aggregate an income of near ,£130,000 per an-
num. The management is vested in commissioners, who,
as well as the Governor and Lieut. Governor, are appointed
by royal patent.l
Commissioners : Earls of Granville and of Carlisle ; George
Tiemey, Esq.; Admiral Sir Henry Hart ; Admiral SirW. O.'Pell.
Secretary, John A. Lethbridge, Esq. — Assist. Secretary, John L.
Jay, Esq. — Second ditto, T. B. Stow, Esq. — Governor, Admiral
Sir Charles Adam. — Lieutenant Governor, Rear Admiral Sir James
A. Gordon. — Captains : George Mowbray, Thomas Dickinson,
ITiomas L. P. Laugharne, and William Cuppage. — Commanders,
Charles Robinson, W. C. C. Dalyell, Joseph Corbyn, Edward W.
Garrett. — Lieutenants, Frederick Bedford, Wm. Rivers, Michael
Fitton, John Wood Rouse, D. O'B. Casey, Bassett J. Loveless,
the first letters patent bear date October 25, 1694, — three months previ-
ous to the death of Queen Mary ; and we are told by Beyer, in his his-
tory of William and Mary, "the last great project that her thoughts
were working upon, with relation to this noble and royal provision for
disabled seamen, was, that it should be so constituted, as to put them in
a probable way of ending their days in the fear of God."
1 Under the Act, 10 Geo. IV, cap. 25.
217
MOBDEN COLLEGE. %ijt iiglll. A.D. 1695
Josiah Domford, George M. Monk. — Superintendent of the halls
and kitchens, Mr. Joseph AUen, R.N. — Chaplains, John K. Gold-
ney, M.A. ; Edward Kitson, M.A. — Surgeon and Inspector, Sir
John LiddeU. — First Assistant Surgeon and Deputy Inspector,
Alexander Nisbet, M . D . — Second Assist . Surgeon, James M 'Teman .
— Dispenser, John Whitmarsh, Esq. — Cashier, Wm. Paine, Esq.
—Chief Clerk, William H. Knowlden, Esq.— Steward, Thos. P.
Jessop, Esq. — Chief Clerk, George Hank, Esq. — Clerk of Check,
John W. Nicholls, Esq. — Chief Clerk, John J. Langley, Esq. —
Inspectors of Works, C. Lee ; W. Sivell, Esq. — Solicitor, J. C.
Lethbridge, Esq. — Estates in Northumberland, Cimiberland, and
Durham : Receiver, John Grey, Esq. — General Inspector of Mines,
John Taylor, Esq.
For account of the " Royal Hospital Schools", see chapter
on Educational Charities.
MORDEN COLLEGE, Blackheath. Founded 1695,
for the reception of decayed merchants, who are members
of the Established Church, and widowers or bachelors, of
the age of fifty years or upwards. The present number of
pensioners is forty. They have ^72 a-year, medical attend-
ance, coals, candles, and washing, and the use of a library.
The College is of the institution of Sir John Morden, Knight-
banneret, who was himself a considerable merchant, trading
particularly with the Levant, and built the college in his
life-time. He died in the year 1705, bequeathing all his
freehold and personal property (amounting at that time to
about ,£1200 a-year), after the decease of Lady Morden, for
the endowment of the charity, designed, as the deed states,
" for poor, honest, sober, and discreet merchants, of the age of
50 at the least, who may have lost their estates by accidents,
ways, or means, in their honest endeavour to get their living
by way of merchandize," The chapel, which is constructed
with great taste, and contains some choice wood carvings,
especially over the communion table and in and about the
porch, from the chisel of Gibbons, was consecrated by Arch-
bishop Tennison. A handsome dining hall, baths, etc., were
added in the year 1845, when the fields about the college
were laid out in pleasure grounds, for the use of the pen-
sioners.
Elections vested in the trustees,^ They are, C. Bosanquet,
^ The Turkey Company selected the inmates so long as it was in exist-
ence ; but they are now appointed by the East India Company (by trus-
tees, as above), according to the provision made by the founder's will, " in
the event of breaking up of saide Companie." " The total income of the
218
itlM fur ALMSHOUSES.
T. A. Curtis, T. Baring, Esqrs.; Sir W. Lubbock, Bart.;
Hon. J. T. L. MelvUle ; J. B. Heath, Esq.; and K. D. Hodg-
son, Esq.
Treasurer, Henry Smyth, Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. William
Marsh, M.A.
The following will be found in a previous chapter, under
another subject : —
The Scottish Hospital and Corporation, page 139.
The French Protestant Hospital, page 142.
The Jews' Hospital, page 144.
Almshouses and other asylums wholly, or for the most
part, endowed, claim next attention. It will be found they
are for the benefit of the aged and infirm, chiefly of specified
localities, or other claims ; and their management conse-
quently vested in parochial trustees, or the various city
companies treated of in the last chapter. The first mentioned
is inserted in longer detail than the succeeding summary,
from its forming an admirable sample of what it must be
desired all should be, and, it is gratifying to add, a fair spe-
cimen of what the chief of them actually are.
STAFFORD'S ALMSHO USES, at the north-east end of
Gray's Inn-lane, Holbom. Founded 1638. For the reception
of decayed housekeepers, who have paid rates and taxes in
St. Andrew, Holborn-above-Bars, and St. George the Martyr,
Queen-square. There are at present nine women and five men
in this comfortable retreat. The will of the founder^ provides
College is about i£5,300 a year. The chaplain has a stipend of ;£800 a
year, ^71.5 being derived from an estate left for his special benefit." —
Knight's London, p. 6, .344.
^ The founder was Alexander Stafford, Esq., born at Froome Selwood,
in Somersetshire ; resident, for many years, in High Holborn In the year
1613 he allotted half an acre of Liquorpond Field " for the purpose of
erecting an almshouse for ten poor unmamed persons, inhabitants of the
parish of St. Andrew, Holborn "; and by his will, bearing date May 10,
1651, he names ten trustees, as above stated, whom he calls " his beloved
friends in Christ, and his good neighbours." Mr. Stafford devised the
rents of two houses in Basing-lane and Broad-street ; also property at
Froome Selwood for other charitable purposes, and the residue of his
property to one Mr. John Wright of Holborn, appointing him sole execu-
tor. This gentleman proved the will September 29th, and afterwards
himself greatly contributed to the increasing comfort of the poor alms-
people. The parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, is one particularly distin-
guished for the charitable memorials of the liberality of the inhabitants ;
and, were it not for the fear of speedily outrunning our hmits, we might
219
%^t £gBil. ALMSHOUSES.
only for four men and six women as inmates, who should be
of " honest life and conversation," and " frequent the church
ordinarily every Sabbath day." Some years back, the Court
of Chancery granted leave to the trustees to extend the ob-
jects of the benevolent founder to fourteen inmates, with
power, from time to time as they might think fit, to increase
that number. The charity is governed by a self-elective body
of ten trustees, six from St. Andrew Holborn, and four from
St. George the Martyr. The will of the founder only enjoins
six trustees from St. Andrew's ; but St. George the Martyr
having been originally part of St. Andrew's, the addition
was found desirable. The funds of the charity are husbanded
with care ; the collection of the rents and all other required
duties being fulfilled gratuitously for one year by each trustee
in succession undertaking the onerous duties of treasurer,
collector, and manager. The accounts of the year are audited
on his retiring from office (St. Andrew's day) by the rector
and churchwardens of the parish, and usually by a full at-
tendance of his co-trustees. The income now realizes ^520
per annum. The almspeople are paid quarterly, £24 per
annum each, with an ample supply of the best coals ; also
gowns for the females, and over or great coats for the men
every alternate year.
The trustees are selected from the principal inhabitants ;
and personal knowledge enables us to add, that much time
and attention are devoted by them to the best interests of
the charity. They are at the present time as follows : —
Francis Wigg, Richard Ramsden, John Hooper, William
Joseph Booth, Charles Griffith, John Robert Taylor, James
Mansfield, Luke Hopkinson, James Burchell, and Christo-
pher Crouch, Esqrs.
Applications of candidates for admission to the almshouses
should be made by petition, under cover, to Luke Hopkin-
son, Esq., 10, Bedford-row, the treasurer for the present year;
vouched, as to the eligibility of the candidates, and the
truthfulness of their petition, by the signatures of respect-
able inhabitants, who know them to be deserving persons.
Ayre^s Almshouses, for deserving poor, White's-alley, Cole-
man-street ; founded in 1617, by Mr. Christopher Ayre ; in
the gift of the Leathersellers' Company ; for six poor men
recount details of much interest connected with the Thavies' estate, Lady
Hatton's, Bloomfield's, Morton's, and other bequests, amounting, in the
aggregate, to nearly ^3,000 per annum ; but deem it preferable to be
satisfied with the general reference already given to parochial charities.
220
CljHritiBS fur almshouses.
and their wives, housekeepers of the parish, who have been
better off, and of good conduct. The houses were rebuilt at
the expense of the parish under the direction of the fee offi-
cers, 1789.
AlleyrCs Almshouses, Lamb's-alley, Bishopsgate-street ;
founded in 1614, in Petty France, by Edward AUeyn, Esq.,
founder of Duhvich College, and is for ten men and women,
each of whom were to have £2 per year : also, in Park-street,
Borough Market, late in Soap-yard, Deadman's-place, South-
wark, similar ten houses for the same number, each to have
6d. per week, and every other year a coat or gown. See also
Dulwich Almshouses, Bath-street.
Amyas's Almshouses, George-yard, between 108 and 109,
Old-street ; founded in 1655, by Susannah Amyas, for eight
poor persons.
Armourers' and Braziers' Almshouses ; for poor of Com-
pany ; situate in Britannia-place, next to 184 Bishopsgate-
street-without ; founded 1554, by Lady Elizabeth Morrice's
endowment, and others.
Ashe's Hospital, see Haberdashers, page 224.
Badger s Almshouses, Hoxton Old Town; founded in 1698,
by Mrs. Allen Badger; for six women, who are also allowed
20s. a-year.
Bancroft's Almshouses, WHe-endL-rondi; founded 1735, by
F. Bancroft, Esq., for thirty poor old members of the Dra-
pers' Company ;i .£26 per annum, and a chaldron and a half
of coals, allowed to each. In the presentation of the Drapers'
Company, the master warden and court of assistants of which
present in rotation.
Baremere's Almshouses, 'Hoxton; founded 1701, by Rev. Mr.
Baremere, a Presbyterian clergyman, for eight poor women.
Bethnal Green Almshouses ; founded by Sir. Thomas Par-
mitter and others, in the year 1722, and maintains six poor
men, who are provided with coals, and £5 annually ; fifty
boys are likewise educated, and supplied with shoes, stock-
ings, and books.
^ Francis Bancroft was the grandson of Archbishop Bancroft. His
early circumstances were much reduced, and he was engaged for many
years as one of the Lord Mayor's officers, during which time he acquired
a fortune of ^£'21,000, in real and personal estate, which he bequeathed
by will, March 18, 1727, to the Company of Drapers, for the above pur-
poses, and a chapel and schoolroom for a hundred boys. For account of
school, see chaptei on educational charities.
221
$)^t ^gpi. ALMSHOUSES.
Boone's Almshouses ; founded in 1623, by Charles Boone,
Esq., for six poor persons, a schoolmistress, and schoolhouse.
Situate at Lee, near Blackheath, and in the gift of Merchant
Tailors' Company.
Butler's Almshouses, Little Chapel- street, Westminster,
was founded 1 675, by Mr. Nicholas Butler, for two poor men
and their wives.
Bakers' Company Almshouses, at Hackney ; for freemen
and liverymen. •
Brewers' Almshouses, Oxford-street, Whitechapel-road.
For almshouses vested likewise in trust of Company, see
Lady Owen's endowment.
Camden and Kentish Town Almshouses, Little Randolph-
street, Camden Town ; for twenty-four aged and deserving
women ; preference given to those who have seen better days,
and inhabitants of the neighbourhood. Vested in trustees,
members of foundress's family, and minister of Camden and
Kentish Town Chapels for the time being.
Camp's Almshouses. Endowment was provided by L.
Camp, Esq., 1612, for the relief of six poor people of the
parish of Allhallows, London-wail, and twelve ditto in houses
at Frier Barnet.
Caron's Almshouses, Vauxhall, founded 1622, by Noel,
Baron of Caron, ambassador in this country from the States
General, in the thirty-second year of his embassy, for seven
poor women of the parish of Lambeth, of 60 years of age
and upwards.
Captain Cook's Almshouses, Mile-end.
Coopers' Almshouses, Schoolhouse-lane, Ratcliffe, founded
by Tobias Wood, Esq., in 1616, for six poor members of the
Company, not having received parochial relief.
Cure's Almshouses, Park-street, formerly at College-yard,
Counter-street, Southwark, founded in 1584, for sixteen poor
men and women, by Thomas Cure, Esq.
Cutler's Almshouses, Ball's-pond-road, Islington ; consist
of twelve houses for twenty-four inmates, under the manage-
ment of the Court of Assistants of the Cutlers.
Dulwich Almshouses, 1 to 10 Bath-street (formerly Pest-
house-row), St. Luke's, founded by Edward Alleyn, Esq., for
ten poor men or women. The first brick was laid by Alleyn
himself, 1620, and in the following year he records, " placed
three men and seven women in the ten houses." They were
rebuilt 1707. The founder provided that each poor inmate
222
Cjjaritifs fur almshouses.
" should receive 6d. per week, and every other year a coat or
gown."
Dyers' Almshouses, City-road, erected by Company, in 1775,
for sixteen poor persons, free of the same, and widows. Ori-
ginally founded in White-alley, Holborn. The present
building consists of three sides of a quadrangle, containing
eight houses of two rooms each. The almspeople receive an
annual pension and coals. The Company have likewise
another almshouse for ten decayed •members, in St. John-
street, near Brick-lane, Spitalfields.
Drapers' Company have the trust of management of Ban-
croft's, Pernell's, three of Walter's, Edmonson's, Harman's,
and Melbourne's ; also Queen Elizabeth's College.
Davis^s Almshouses, Queen's Head-lane, Islington; erected
and endowed 1793, for eight aged and poor widows, by Mrs.
Jane Davis, in accordance with the will of her husband, late
of the parish. The inmates have £10 a-year each, and three
sacks of coals. Management vested in local trustees.
Dutch Almshouses, Crown-street, Finsbury ; erected and
endowed by wealthy Dutch merchants at different periods ;
consisting of a handsome and commodious building, now ac-
commodating twenty inmates. Fourteen tenements are for
the poor of the Dutch in Austin Friars, with the deacons of
which the trust is invested. The inmates must be above 60
years of age, and are provided with every comfort, with a
pension of 8s. each person. The endowment is a valuable
one, derived from property at Highgate, Hammersmith, etc.
One of the principal testators thereof was Egbert Gent, Esq.,
of Overyssel, Holland, who died at Highgate, 1733.
JSast India Almshouses, Poplar, were originally esta-
blished as early as the date of their first charter, for the
relief of the widows of mates and seamen who have died in
the service. The present building was erected about forty
years back. It consists of two quadrangles, comprehending
residences for thirty-nine petty officers, receiving each about
£9 or ^10 per annum, besides coals and meat in the winter.
An upper square consists of eighteen houses with gardens,
appropriated as the residence of the widows of captains, re-
ceiving pensions of from ^30 to £80 annually, according to
rank of their husbands. Sir Charles Cotterell likewise be-
queathed an endowment for six sailors' widows : some years
back these almshouses were in Chapel-yard, Soho.
Edmondson''s, Bromley, foucded in 1706, by John Edmond-
223
dtljf ^9e![. almshouses.
son, Esq., for twelve poor persons, invested with the Drapers'
Company.
Edwards's, founded in 1717, by Mr. Edward Edwards,
situate in Church- street, Blackfriars-rcad, for such decayed
housekeepers or widows of the parish, who receive no alms
from that or any other parish ; under the direction of the
rector and parish officers of Christ Church, Surrey.
Fishmongers' Almshouses, are ninety-four in number ;
viz,, an extensive building at Newington, for poor mem-
bers of company above fifty years of age and free five
years ; founded by letters patent of James I, and called St.
Peter's hospital. Vide page 212. The others consist of
almshouses in- distant parts of the country, not within our
limits to give an extended notice of ; viz., as Jesus' Hospital,
at Bray, Berks, founded by ^\'illiam Goddard, Esq., with ac-
commodation for forty pensioners ; also twelve almshouses at
Harriesham, in Kent, founded by Mark Quested, Esq., six
for poor freemen of the company, and six for parishioners.
French Protestant Almshouses, established 1733, situate
in Spitalfields, for supplying poor French Protestants with
soup, meat, and bread ; also, in Black Eagle-street, is
another establishment, giving residence and allowance to
forty-five poor men and women. It belongs to, and is sup-
ported by, the French congregation of the Episcopal church
in the neighbourhood.
Fuller's, Mile-end-road, founded and endowed by Judge
Fuller, 1502, for twelve ancient poor men of the parish of
Stepney ; also others in Old Gloucester-street, Hoxton, for
twelve poor women.
Framework Knitters' Almshouses, Kingsland-road, corner
of Pearson -street, for the benefit of twelve poor freemen of
company, in the direction of whom the management is
vested. Founded and endowed, 1727, by Thomas Brown,
or Bourne.
Oirdlers', Bath-street, Old- street-road (formerly Pest-
house-row), founded and endowed by George Palyn, in 1609,
for six poor members of the company, in whose trust the
endowment is vested.
Goldsmiths' , Hackney, founded, 1703, by R. Morell, Esq.,
for six aged liverymen, who receive £21 annually, two
chaldrons of coals, and a new gown of the value of £2 10s. ;
also, at Woolwich, endowed by Sir Martin Bowes, 1565, for
five poor widows, inhabitants and parishioners of Woolwich,
224
ENDOWED CjjSritiM for almshouses.
of the age of fifty-five years and upwards, who receive £25
per annum, besides coals ; and others at Acton, founded by
John Perryn, Esq., which were rebuilt in the present hand-
some manner in 1812.
The two following are old foundations, from endowments
now not easily recognized, being in all probability merged
into some recent establishment.
Orahani's, founded 1686, in Crown-street, Soho-square,
by Mrs. Graham, for decayed clergymen's widows or un-
married daughters, — and Gresham's, City Green-yard, White-
cross-street, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham, in 1575, for
eight poor persons.
Haberdashers', Hoxton, founded by Robert Aske, Esq., in
1692, by bequest of £31,905, for twenty poor men of the com-
pany, each to be allowed about £30 per annum ; and for
twenty poor boys, to be maintained, clothed, and educated, as
much as would cost £20 each. Boys are admitted at the age
of nine, and remain until fourteen, and are afterwards appren-
ticed : they must be sons of freemen of company. Pensioners
are admitted at age of fifty, must also be freemen of company,
and unmarried. The nomination of scholars, pensioners,
and officers of the establishment is in the gift of court of
assistants : preference is always given to candidates who have
borne charge of warden assistant, or liveryman, or their chil-
dren. Chaplaincy value £50 per annum, house, and coals.
The original edifice was built by Dr. Hooke, the mathema-
tician, and the present hospital from the designs of D. R.
Roper. There is also an asylum at Monmouth, Wales,
founded by will of W. Jones, 1614, for twenty poor diseased,
as blind, or lame, at discretion of company.
Harmar's, founded in 1713, by Mr. Samuel Harmar, for
twelve single men and women ; six to be nominated by St.
Leonard's parish, Shoreditch, and the others by the Draper's
company.
Heath's, Frog-lane, Tibberton-square, Islington, and at
26, Monkwell-street, City, founded by John Heath, Esq.,
1648, and others, for ten poor freemen of the Cloth workers'
Company, in whose gift the presentation is.
HilTs, Old Rochester-row, Tothill-fields, founded in 1708,
by Emery Hill, Esq., for six poor men and their wives, and
six poor widows ; in 1677, he founded houses for three men
and their wives, in Petty France, Westminster.
HiU's {Bev, Rowland) see Surrey chapel almshouses.
225
ENDOWED ^yjlB ^^tll. ALMSHOUSES,
Hinton's, Plough-alley, Barbican, founded in 1732, by
Mrs. Alice Hinton, for twelve poor widows of the parish of
St. Giles, Cripplegate.
Holies', Great St. Helen's, founded in 1539, by Lady
Holies, and Mrs. Alice Smith, widow, for six poor men and
women ; in the gift of the Skinners' Company, who are
trustees.
Hopton''s, Greenwalk, Christchurch, founded by C. Hop-
ton, Esq,, 1730, for twenty-six poor men, who have been
housekeepers, with £10 and a chaldron of coals annually to
each ; vested in the parish officers.
Hillier's Almshouses, are between 119 and 120 in the
Curtain-road. Secretary, Mr. H. Weymouth.
Jeffery's Almshouses, Kingsland-road, founded 1703, by
Sir Robert Jeffery, consists of about fourteen houses, with a
chapel in the centre, for fifty-six poor persons, either his re-
lations, or freemen of the Ironmongers' Company, in whom
the trust is vested.
Judd's, Great St. Helen's, founded by Sir Andrew Judd,
Lord Mayor of London in 1551, for six poor men of the
company, and vested in the Skinners' Company, by whom
they were rebuilt in 1729.
Leatherselleri Asylum, Clark's-place, 58 and 59, Bishops-
gate- street, founded by John Hasilwood, in 1544, for four
men and three women, decayed merchants free of company,
or others ; also by Christopher Lyre, in White's-alley, 1617,
for six poor men and their wives, and Robert Rogers, in
Hart-street, Cripplegate, founded in 1612, for six poor men
and their wives.
Lumley's, City -road, next to 6, Eagle-terrace (fonnerly in
Pesthouse-fields), founded by Viscountess Lumley, in 1672,
for six poor men of the parishes of Bishopsgate and Aldgate.
Meggs, next to 232, Whitechapel-road, founded 1558, for
the support of twelve poor widows, by William Meggs, Esq..
Melbourne's, Crutched-friars, founded in 1535, by Sir John
Melbourne, Lord Mayor of London in 1521, for thirteen poor
women of the Drapers' Company.
Mercers^ Company are entrusted with the management of
the following : 1, Whittington's Almshouses, page 207; 2,
West Lavington, Wilts, founded by Alderman W. Dauntsay,
for the poor of that place; 3, Gresham's, page 224; 4, Trinity
Hospital, Greenwich, known likewise as Norfolk College, page
210 ; and 5, Lady Mico's, Stepney Churchyard, founded by
15
226
Cljaritits for almshouses.
Jane, relict of Sir Samuel Mico, 1670, for twelve poor widows,
each to receive £12 per annum.
Merchant Tailors' Company are invested with almshouses
in Princes-street, Rosemary-lane, for twenty-six poor widows
of deceased members ; others were erected on Tower-hill,
founded by Richard Hills, once master of the company,
1593, for fourteen poor widows, since then enlarged (1637)
for twelve more, and, in 1835, in consequence of the delapi-
dated state of the old buildings and their confined situa-
tion, the company erected new almshouses at Lee, in Kent,
at a cost of £9,480 ; the present number of almswomen is
between thirty and forty. And by Dr. White's will, they send
eight pensioners to Sion College Almshouses ; — and have the
trust of Boone's.
Monox's Almshouses, Walthamstow, founded 1686, by
George Monox, Alderman, for eight poor men and five women,
with a schoolhouse and apartments for children ; vested in
the management of the parish oflScers.
Nicholas\ see Salters' Almshouses.
Owen^s Almshouses, Owen's-row, Goswell- street-road ;
founded by Lady Owen, in 1609,^ for ten poor women, now
thirteen ; under the management, partly of the Leather-
sellers' and partly of the Brewers' Company.
Overman's Almshouses, Montague-close, South wark, were
founded by Mrs. Alice Shaw Overman, of Newington, for
eight single women, of whom four are to be widows, and four
maidens, of fifty years of age or upwards, members of the
Church of England ; without any preference as to parish or
place of birth or residence. Their pensions are £1 per
month, and 10s. each New Year's Day. The management
is vested in three trustees, who nominate as pensioners occur.
Pachington' s, Whitefriars, were founded by Lady Ann
Packington, 1560, for eight poor women, and left to the
charge of the Cloth workers' Company.
Palmer'' s, Palmer' s-passage, Westminster, founded in 1654,
by the Rev. James Palmer, B.D., for twelve poor persons,
and a school for twenty boys.
PemelVs, founded 1698, Whitechapel-road, for four poor
^ Originally designated as of " the south end of Islington," erected by
Lady Owen to commemorate her escape from death in Islington fields,
■where a chance arrow from the bow of an archer pierced through her
ladyship's high-crowned hat. The almshouses are erected on the spot
where this occurred.
227
^l)i ^gfi. ALMSHOUSES.
drapers' widows, and four widows of East India Company's
seamen, belonging to Stepney parish, to receive pensions of
£4 each, £1 for a gown, and £1 for coals,
Rogers's A hnshouses, Hart-street, Wood-street, erected and
endowed 1612, by will of Robert Rogers, Esq., merchant
adventurer, of London, who died 1601 ; for six poor couples,
free of city, having no charge of children. The pension is
not above £4 per annum to each. The election is vested with
the corporation and the Leathersellers' Company.
Rippon's Almshouses, are situated in New Park-street,
Southwark. Samuel Gale, Esq., Treasurer.
Sailers' , Monkwell-street, founded in 1775, by Sir Ambrose
Nicholas, for seven poor men and five poor widows of the
company, in whose guardianship the whole is vested.
Stepney Meeting Almshouses, for the benefit of the poor of
the chapel ; the management vested in the chapel deacons.
Situated in Salmon-lane. Secretary, Mr. Thomas Freelove.
Sailmxtkers^ Almshouses, Mile-end-road.
Saint Benet's Almshouses, next to 4, Peter's Hill, Doctors
Commons.
Saint Clement Danes Almshouses, Foregate, St. Clement's.
Saint Giles and Saint George Bloomsbury Almshouses,
Smart's Buildings ; for the residence of twenty poor widows
of these parishes, who have 7s. a-week, and found in coals,
candles, and bread, under the direction of the parochial offi-
cers ; present building erected 1790. Endowed by bequest,
as far back as 1656, by the Earl of Southampton, and 1674,
by Henry Carter, Esq,
St. Leonard's Almshouses, Shoreditch, between 21 and 22
Hackney-road.
Saint MartirC s-in-the-Fields Almshouses are situated in
Bayham-street, Camden Town ; consist of thirty houses, ac-
commodating seventy almswomen on the parish foundation,
and thirty-five out-door-pensioners. Candidates must be sixty
years of age, and have been resident householders. The elec-
tion rests with the vestry.
Skinners', Mile-end-road, founded by Lewis Newbury, in
1698, for twelve poor widows, who receive .£16. 16s. annually,
and a chaplain, at £40 annually. The company also have
the trust of Lady Holles's and Sir Andrew Judd's.
Smith's, were founded in 1584, by Mr. D. Smith, St. Peter's
Hill, Doctors Commons, for six poor widows, turned of fifty-
six, under the management of Christ's Hospital.
228
CjjaritiBS for almshouses.
Stafford's Almshouses, Gray's-inn-lane, demised by ■will,
1651, vide page 218.
Tabernacle Almshouses, Tabemacle-row, City-road, consist'
of twelve houses, in the gift of the trustees of the Tabernacle.
Trinity Hospital'^ consists of two buildings ; the one,
founded in the reign of Henry VIII, 1537, rebuilt 1788,
adjoins the churchyard of St. Nicholas, Deptford ; the other
is in Church-street, founded during the revolution, by be-
quests of Sir Richard Browne, Captain William Maples, &c.
The pensioners of both hospitals consist of decayed pilots
and masters of ships or their widows. The single men and
widows receive about £12 per annum ; the married men
about £18. — The almshouses are situated on the north side
of the Mile-end-road, on ground given for the purpose by
Captain Henry Mudd, an elder brother, in 1695, and have
been endowed by bequests of Captain Fisher, in 1711, for
the widows of shipmasters, and several others, and now
numbers altogether twenty-eight ; devoted to the residence
of decayed commanders of ships, or mates, or pilots, and
their wives or widows. Their pensions are £\S per annum,
and a chaldron and a half of coals.
Vintners', Mile-end-road, next to 21 Park-place ; origi-
nally founded in 1446, by Guy Shuldam, but have been
much added to by the company ; for the benefit of twelve
widows of deceased members, who receive 5s. 3d. weekly
each, and a chaldron of coals, and about 40s. at certain times
annually.
Van Dun's, York-street, originally in Petty France, West-
minster, founded 1577, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, by
Cornelius Van Dun, a native of Brabant, for twenty poor
widows.
^ The Corporation of the Trinity House was founded by Sir Thomas
Sperl, comptroller of the navy to Henry VIII, at Deptford ; and incor-
porated on the 20th of May, 1 515, by the name of the " Master, Wardens,
and Assistants, of the Guild, or Fraternity, of the most glorious and un-
divided Trinity ; and of St. Clement, in the parish of Deptford, Stroud,
in the county of Kent." By their charter, they have the power of
examining, licensing, and regulating pilots, and of erecting beacons and
lighthouses, and placing buoys in channels and rivers. Their powers
and privileges have been greatly augmented since the first charter ; and
their revenue, which arises from tonnage, ballastage, and from contingent
benefactions, etc., is applied, after defraying the general purposes of the
foundation, towards the relief of decayed seamen, their wives, and widows,
and orphans ; of whom they annually relieve a large number by pensions,
etc., in addition to those iu their almshouses above mentioned.
229
SURREY CHAPEL ^jjj ^gP&. ALMSHOUSES, A.D. 1811
Weavers', Old-street-road, erected by Mr. William Watson,
for the widows of twelve poor weavers. There is an endow-
ment also for others in Blossom-street, Norton-folgate, called
Porter's-fields Almshouses, by Nicholas Garret, 1725, for six
decayed members of the company, in whom the trust is
invested.
Westbi/'s, Hoxton, founded in 1749, by Mrs. Mary Westby,
of Bocking, Essex, for ten poor women.
Whittington's, Highgate-hill, originally founded in 1421,
by Richard Whittington, Esq., and considerably added to
since by various gifts ; vide page 207.
Walter's, are three buildings founded by John Walter, in
1651, for sixteen poor men and women, situate in Cross-street,
Newington ; and for four poor men and eight poor women,
situate in Blackman-street, Southwark ; and the third,
founded in 1658, in Old-street, for eight poor widows ; all
in the trust of the Drapers' Company.
The next class of institutions are such as in design and
establishment are of a similar character, but later date, and
more or less dependant upon voluntary contributions ;
but many of these are now gradually advancing to the posi-
tion of endowed establishments.
A more detailed account of each appears desirable, both
from their part dependance on public support, and their
benefits not being so restricted in application.
SURREY CHAPEL ALMSHOUSES, Hill-street, Wel-
lington-street. Erected 1811. Founded and principally en-
dowed by the late Rev. Rowland Hill, for the accommodation
of twenty-three destitute females, who have been at least
seven years members of some Christian Church, preference
being given to those of Surrey Chapd. The candidates are
elected by a committee, of which the trustees of the chapel for
the time being form a part : each almswoman receives 4s. a
week, and coals. The endowments of the charity will, it is
considered, eventually yield an income equal to the annual
expenses ; but at present £50 annually has to be supplied
by contributions.
Treasurer, Mr. G. Downing. — Secretary, Mr. S. Carter.
LICENSED VICTUALLERS' ASYLUM, Old Kent-
road. Institutedl827 ; incorporated 1842. For the reception
and maintenance of decayed aged licensed victuallers, and
their wives or widows. The establishment of the society of
230
LICENSED victuallers' CjjftrititS fDI ASYLUM, A. D. 1842
licensed victuallers, originated in the efforts of a feAv licensed
victuallers in publishing a daily newspaper, the Morning
Advertiser, the profits of which they set apart for the relief of
their distressed brethren ; and thus, together with other sub-
scriptions and donations, a sum of nearly £5,000 per annum
is paid towards relieving their distress.^ The asylum, a most
splendid building, in the Old Kent-road, including the recent
addition of" the ladies' wing," contains one hundred and twen-
ty-six distinct habitations, and accommodates one hundred
and forty-three inmates, including the wives of those elected ;
each dwelling consists of three rooms. Twenty-five thousand
pounds were collected within six years, and expended on this
asylum, which, to the honour of the present age of licensed
victuallers be it recorded, has no rival in extent, it being such
an establishment as no other branch of trade can boast of.
At the present time a subscription is being raised for the
building and endowment of a chapel, which, judging from
the cordial cooperation immediately afforded to the plan
so soon as made public, will be efficiently carried out : in-
deed, the only wonder is, that the benevolence of the direc-
tors of the institution, has not been earlier awakened to
this deficiency hitherto existing in the most essential de-
partment of the establishment. The amount annually dis-
tributed towards support of inmates, and medical attendance,
coals, etc., averages from £1,200 to £1,400. The annual
income is nearly £2,-500, of which about £2,000 is derived
from voluntary contributions, and the remainder from inter-
est, dividends, etc. The amount of stock deposited at interest
is under £10,000. An annual subscriber is entitled to one
vote, and so on in proportion for every guinea annually
subscribed.
Chairman, Mr. R. B. Hughes, 23, Charles-street, Chelsea. —
Bankers, Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, Tritton, and Co. — Architect,
Henry Rose, Esq., 100, Great Guildford-street. — Surgeons,
ilessrs. Inwood and Clifton, 5, Southampton-street, Euston-
square. — Secretary and Solicitor, Mr. Thomas Jones, 1, King's
Arms-yard, Coleman-street.
AGED PILGRIMS' ASYLUM, CsLmheTy^eW. Instituted
1 826. Founded by the managers of " The Aged Pilgrims'
Friend Society", and is under their control. It consists of
almshouses, erected at Camberwell, for the reception of forty-
^ For diis Pension Fund, vide chapter xiii.
231
CHRISTIAN UNION 2lllE ilgjil, ALMSHOUSES, A.D. 1832
two of the pensioners on the parent society. Every donor to
the Aged Pilgrims' Friend Society, or to the Aged Pilgrims'
Asylum, of five guineas, or an annual subscriber of 7s., is
entitled, upon each election, to one vote for each vacancy.
For officers, etc., see page 244.
CHRISTIAN UNION ALMSHOUSES, John-street,
Edgware-road. Established 1832. " For poor and aged
believers of every Protestant denomination, of sixty years of
age and upwards, who have resided for the last preceding
three years in the north-west district of London ; viz., on the
north of Oxford-street and Bayswater-road, and West of
Tottenham-court and Hampstead-roads. There are thirty-
six inmates at the present time, who have a permanent in-
come of 45. Qd. per week. — Ten shillings and sixpence annu-
ally, or £5 donation, constitutes a governor, entitled to one
vote at all vacancies.
President, the Right Hon. the Earl of Chichester. — Treasurer,
John Labouchere, Esq. — Sub-Treasurer, Mr. Bissill, 26, Earl-
street West, Edgware-road. — Physicians, C. J. B. Williams, M.D.
— Surgeon, W. J. Byam, Esq. — Secretaries, Mr. Pitts, 8, Melina-
place ; Mr. W. Skianer, 14, Fulham-place, Paddington.
PARISH CLERKS' ALMSHOUSE INSTITUTION,
Camberwell. Established 1831, for the residence of widows
of such parochial and other clerks of the Established Church,
as have been subscribers to the time of their decease, and
have conformed to the rules and regulations made for the
government of this institution. But if no subscriber's widow
make application, then the widow of any parochial or chapel
clerk of the Established Church is eligible to become a can-
didate. One guinea annually, or ten guineas at one payment,
constitutes a member, entitled to one vote. Candidates must
apply by petition, within fourteen days of any vacancy, stat-
ing age and circumstances, and leave the same at the Hall,
83, Wood-street, Cheapside.
Treasurer, Mr. William Amott, 39, St. Andrew's-hill. — Col-
lector, Mr. T. Bullard, 9, Grocers'-hall-court, Poultry.
ASYLUM FOR WORTHY AGED AND DECA YED
F RE EM A SONS, Croydon, Surrey, designed and commenced,
1835, by the late Dr. R. T. Crucifix, a distinguished Free-
mason and philanthropist ; for worthy aged and decayed
Freemasons. It was originally intended granting pensions
to objects worthy of admission, but after the first election of
232
L0i'i»0i\ ALMSHOUSES. CljarititS fill -A.D. 1832
seven pensioners, it was resolved to drop it for the future, as
interfering too much with the charity mentioned in next
chapter ; consequently the funds have been since devoted for
the asylum only. Although so long since first contemplated,
the building is not yet completed ; it promises to form a
pleasing specimen of the Gothic style, after a design by Mr.
Dankes, contracted to be built for £4,700, and will accommo-
date thirty-six inmates. One guinea annual constitutes a
subscriber, with one vote ; two guineas a governor, with two
votes ; and a donation of ten guineas two votes for life.
Trustees, Lord Southampton ; Colonel Anson, M.P. ; B. B.
Cabbell, Esq., M.P., and others. — Secretary, Mr. J. Whitmore,
125, Oxford- street. — Bankers, Messrs. Grote, Prescott, and Co.
INSTITUTION of the LONDON ALMSHOUSES,
Park-hill,Brixton, was established, 1832, in lieu of an illumi-
nation to commemorate reform in parliament, for aged and
decayed freemen and householders of London, and their wives
or widows, of good character and repute, in reduced circum-
stances through casualties of fortune, or visitations of Pro-
vidence. Candidates for admission must be free of the city,
inhabitants of the same ward two years, and in receipt of
.£12 per annum if single, or £20 if married ; the age at the
time of admission must be of males above sixty, and females
fifty-five, except they be wives of those elected, and each
case must be recommended by at least three subscribers.
Donors of £5, or subscribers of one guinea annual, entitled
to one vote at all elections, and more in proportion.
President, Sir John Key, Bart. — Treasurer, Sir John Pirie,
Bart. — Bankers, Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Co. — Secretary, Mr.
Welton, Town Clerk's Office, Guildhall, where the necessary
forms for applicants may be obtained.
ST. MAR YLEBONEALMSHO USES INSTITUTION,
Office, 2, Orchard-street. Established 1836.^ Afibrding an
asylum and support to aged and decayed parishioners of St.
Marylebone, above sixty years of age, and their widows,
above fifty-five, of good character, who have paid ten years'
rates in the parish, and received no parochial relief. The
election of inmates vested in the subscribers ; 10s. annual, or
£5 at one donation, constitutes a subscriber, with one vote
1 Originated by a legacy of .£500, left by Count Woronzow, 1832:
" bequeathed to the poor of the parish." This, under certain conditions,
was transferred to the vestry to carry out.
233
BENEFIT societies' ^jfj ^gfjl. ASYLUM, A.D. 1829
on all vacancies. The present number of inmates is sixty-
three, whose average age is seventy ; they are allowed, each
person, 2s. if single, and Is. 6d. if married, and found in wood,
coals, and bread.
Treasurer, B. B. Cabbell, Esq., M.P. — Bankers, Sir Claude
Scott and Co. — Hon. Secretary, C. Flood, Esq., Court-house, St.
Marylebone. — Assistant Secretary and Collector, Mr. John AVil-
liam Knight, 2, Orchard-street, Portman-square, and 2, Welling-
ton-place, St. John's-wood.— Superintendent, Mr. R. A. Watkins.
METROPOLITAN BENEFIT SOCIETIES' ASY-
LUM, Balls' Pond, Islington. Founded 1829, erected 1836.
Candidates for admission must have been members of a benefit
society, established within ten miles of St. Paul's, for ten years
or upwards, of good character, and have attained the age of
fifty-five years, or otherwise incapacitated from following any
occupation. Candidates must send a statement to the com-
mittee, three months previous to each election, with particu-
lars of name, address, age, societies they may have belonged
to, and number of years members, etc.; such statement to be
signed by the secretaries, or persons qualified, accompanied
with a testimonial of character, and recommendation by two
subscribers. They must also attend personally at the next
meeting of the committee, when they will be informed of
their eligibility or rejection. No subscriber to recommend
more than one candidate at each election. Forms of petition
may be had on application to the secretary. The present
number of inmates is fifty, part of whom are resident in
houses rented for the purpose, until the wings of the asylum
are completed ; besides the asylum, they are provided with
coals and candles and medical attendance, etc. Five shil-
lings annually entitles to one vote, £2 donation one vote
for life. Benefit societies contributing £\ annually, or £10
donation, are entitled to recommend one of their own mem-
bers once in three years.
President, W. T. Copeland, Esq., Alderman. — Treasurer, John
Masterman, Esq. — Sub -Treasurer, Mr. J. C. Bowles, 77, Cannon-
street. — Chairman, Mr. R. M'Craight. — Secretary pro tem., Mr.
W. J. Cole.— Collector, Mr. W. J. Gilbert, 6, Great Smith-street,
Westminster.
FREE WATERMAN'S S LIGHTERMAN'S ALMS-
HO USES, Penge, Surrey. Established 1839. This fine range
of almshouses owe their erection, in the first instance, to the
234
waterman's alms Cjiarife fur tjl? ^g?i. houses, A.n.lSSf).
liberality of the present president, who gave nearly£2,000 for
the purpose, and of the late Alderman Lucas and others of
the court, who likewise contributed large sums : they now
consist of forty houses, occupied by about sixty inmates,
who consist of poor aged, decayed, and maimed freemen of
the company of Watermen and Lightermen of the river
Thames, and their wives or widows, under the control of the
company, who have the power to elect all officers of the in-
stitution. All candidates for the benefits of the institution
must be approved of by the court ; and must apply to the
secretary by petition, with reference to two or more respon-
sible persons. Males must have completed their sixtieth
year, and females their fifty-fifth. With the exception of
six of the houses set apart for the presentments of the court,
the elections are vested in the subscribers ; annual sub-
scribers of one guinea are entitled to one, and donors of ten
guineas to two votes. A church has lately been opened in
the vicinity mainly for the benefit of the inmates.
The Royal Adelaide Fund, connected with the asylum,
is to assist in providing a decent and proper funeral for the
inmates thereof, who shall have been members, which they
can do by making very small payments, assisted as the fund
is by the benevolent.
President, John Dudin Brown, Esq. — Treasurers, Messrs.
Brown, Addis, Young, and Thompson. — Chaplain, Rev. Mar-
shall Hall Vine. — Surgeon, Arthur Hammond, Esq. — Architect,
Mr. George Porter. — Bankers, the Bank of England. — Honorary
Secretary, John Clark, Esq.— Clerk to the Company, H. Hum-
pheris, Esq.
The following will be found detailed in Chapter xiii, in connexion with,
or emanating from the respective charitable and provident societies : —
Booksellers' Provident Retreat
Bookbinders' Provident Asylum
Butchers' Almshouses
Fishmongers and Poulterers' Alms-
houses
Governesses' Asylum for Aged
London Maritime Asylum
Printers' Almshouses
Journeyman Tailors' Asylum
Pawnbn>kers' Almshouses
also liie National Guardian Institution, page 165.
235
CHAPTER XII.
CHARITABLE AND BENEVOLENT
PENSION SOCIETIES.
The peculiar recomniendation of Charitable Pension Societies; their mo-
dern Establishment and present Extent. — General Summary of Incomes,
Number of Pensioners, etc. — The National Benevolent. — Plan of poll-
ing Votes ; the aggregate, and the Year's Polls — City of London,
Royal General, and other Pension Societies. — The new institution,
The British Beneficent. — Weekly Pensions for the Poorer Classes. —
For Roman Catholics. — Fund for Natives of Cumberland, and for
Masons.
Our Charitable Pension, and other Benevolent and Provident
Funds, form the advocates of their own cause ; they need
little or no art to point out their benefits or urge their claims
effectively upon general benevolence. They constitute, per-
haps, the most important provision that benevolence has
suggested, being for the chief part directed to the needs of
the aged and distressed of the middle classes. The broken-
down merchant ; the aged governess ; the distressed, and, it
may be, starving, artist or man of letters — all have the relief
of their necessities contemplated by the institutions detailed
in this and the following chapter. As the establishment of
almshouses and other asylums has been, as we have seen,
more peculiarly the work of a past age, so are the numerous
Pension and Benefit Funds the productions of our own ;
observation of the recent date of almost the whole of them
cannot fail to prove interesting, especially as their general
prosperity can vie with the most liberally endowed charities
that have passed under our review.
These institutions may be divided into two classes ; the
present chapter comprehending such as are of more general
application in their operations, or oflfering other reasons for
236
NATIONAL BENEVOLENT CjjHrrtfllllB INSTITUTION, A. D. 1821
separation from the great bulk of Benevolent Funds detailed
in the succeeding, which contains, it will be found, such as
for the most are devoted to the benefit of particular profes-
sions, trades, and classes.
These now under consideration, like the " National Bene-
volent," appeal strongly to our sympathies and support, not
only on account of their general excellence of object, but
for their catholicity of regulations ; — presenting peculiar
claims on the philanthropists of all persuasions and of every
land. Under this head are included the following : —
Six of general character, granting pensions, varying from
^12 to ^30 per annum ; 2 of a limited extent, now virtually
suspended ; 2 lately formed, not yet in active operation ; 1
for natives of Cumberland ; and 1 for Freemasons ; 4 grant-
ing weekly pensions to a poorer class (1 Roman Catholic).
Total number of institutions . . . 16
Granting annual, monthly, and weekly amounts
to pensioners to the number of . . 1,051
Total amount of income (exclusive of those not
in operation) .... £18,989
Of which there is derived from voluntary con-
tributions ..... £15,790
THE NATIONAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION,
comer of Southampton-row and Bloomsbury-place. Founded
1812.' For granting pensions to indigent gentry, professional
persons, tutors and governesses, decayed merchants, and
others who have been engaged in the higher departments of
trade, without distinction of religion, sect, or country ; and
is supported by voluntary contributions.
Petitioners, to be eligible, must have completed their
sixtieth year, and are required to produce a recommendation,
signed by the clergyman of the parish (or by the minister
whose religious tenets have been adopted), and by eight sub-
scribers, four of whom must be housekeepers. A certificate of
baptism, and, in the case of a widow, certificates of marriage
and of the burial of the husband, must accompany the peti-
tion, a proper form of which can oiily be obtained at the
^ Founded by Peter Herve, Esq., an artist, who devoted much of his
time and talents, and suffered both in health and fortune, in effecting the
establishment of the institution. He died in 1827, at Chateaudun, in
France, declining, to the last, to accept any compensation out of the soci-
ety's funds.
237
^rosinn ^nri^tirs. benevolent, 1821
office, on the personal or written application of a subscriber.
Petitioners must have been resident in London, or its imme-
diate environs, for at least twelve months prior to the date of
their applications, and must not, during that time, have been
in the receipt of any parochial relief. An election takes place
annually on the last Thursday in November, when about
twenty pensioners are chosen, by the votes of the life-gover-
nors and subscribers.
The pensions are awarded by the following scale : —
i£20 per annum from the age of 60 to 68.
£0,5 per annum from ... 68 to 73.
^30 per annum from ... 73 upwards,
and the amount of the pension is regulated by the age of
the candidate when elected, and is not subsequently in-
creased. The usual number of pensioners is about 230. The
total amount distributed in pensions, since the establishment
of the institution, is upwards of £121,000 ; the average an-
nual amount, £5,000. The funds appear in a satisfactory
condition : the amount of stock is about £40,000 and the
annual income exceeds £7,000, viz., £1,400 from dividends,
and £5,600 from voluntary contributions.
This institution may be well termed a " national" one, for
both in its object and liberality of operations, it fairly repre-
sents the essentials of British benevolence. Of late years,
the committee have greatly improved upon the old system
pursued in regulating the subscribers' votes for particular
candidates. An unsuccessful candidate used to have all the
ground to go over again ; but now the votes polled at one
election go to his credit at the next, upon another poll,
termed " the aggregate," upon which poll there are usually
some two or three candidates elected. This is a great boon
to those candidates whose friends are few, as, in four or five
years, with ordinary exertion, they must be elected.
^ Experience at these elections; however, teaches that the more speedy
method is not to poll at all the first year, but to lend the votes until the
second year, and, if need be, till a third ; because a far less number is
required to insure election on the day's poll, than on the " aggregate." In
this respect,ihe present plan appears defective, as, besides its complication,
it offers a great premium to lending and borrowing. The remedy appears
clear and desirable, viz., i7(a< the present ttoo polls be merged into one. By
this, the grsmd motive for lending will be destroyed, and an inducement
afforded to every candidate to poll his utmost, — a result that must prove
as favourable to the funds as the tendency of the present system is detri-
mental.
238
CITY OF LONDON, 1818. Cjlflritfltllj EAST LONDON, A.D. 1824
Contributors are entitled to ten votes for every 5s. annual,
and to twenty votes for every £5 donation. Two hundred
guineas in one payment entitles the donor to nominate a
pensioner immediately ; but the person nominated must
present a petition, and produce the same proofs of eligibility
as an ordinary candidate. The office of the institution is
open from ten till five daily.
President, the Duke of Devonshire. — Solicitor, Samuel Eobert
Topping, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Frederic Latreille. — Collector, Mr.
John Courtney, 5, Sydney-place, Clapham-road.
CITY OF LONDON GENERAL PENSION SOCI-
ETY, 5, Billiter-street. Founded 1818. For providing per-
manent relief, by means of monthly pensions, to decayed
artizans, mechanics, manufacturers, tradesmen, and their
widows. The amounts granted are at the discretion of the
board, but must not exceed 31s. to males, and 27s. to females,
monthly. The present number of pensioners is 58, and the
pensions granted, 21s. and 18s. respectively, "the funds not
justifying the committee to extend the same to the full
amount permitted." The present income is under £1,500
a-year, of which £1,200 is derived from voluntary contribu-
tions, and the remainder from dividends.
The elections are half-yearly, and the number of pensioners
elected at each is generally four. Candidates must be ac-
cepted by the committee, and be qualified by age or infirmi-
ties, similar to the last ; but the female pensioners are not
to exceed the number of males.
In the polling of votes, this society has pursued for the last
four years, we perceive, the plan recommended in the pre-
vious note, viz., the unconditional carrying on of votes polled
by an unsuccessful candidate to his credit at the next elec-
tion ; the committee being assured, they state, " in a bene-
volent institution like this, as the measure of its philanthropy
is extended and perfected, its increasing claims will be gene-
rously and warmly responded to."
President, the Duke of Bedford. — Secretary, Mr. Geo. Mence.
— Auditors, Messrs. William Kendle and John Morrison.
EAST LONDON GENERAL PENSION SOCIETY,
Tyssen-street, Bethnal-green. Instituted 1824. For the per-
manent relief of the aged and afflicted poor of both sexes, of
good character, by allowing a pension of 2s. 6d. per week to
the males, and to the females, 2s. per week. Such candidates
239
LAMBETH, A.D. 1826 ^^BUSiUII ^DrttfeS. ROYAL GENERAL, 1827
for the pension as have been members of the fund, are
allowed a certain number of votes, proportioned to the time
they have been such members. The income is under £150
per annum, but devoted to the objects of the institution.
Every person paying 6s. per annum, becomes a member ;
and a donation of £2 at one payment, constitutes a mem-
ber for life.
President, Sir William Clay, Bart. — Chairman, John Parker,
Esq. — Treasurer, Mr. William Tumell. — Honorary Secretaries :
Mr. George Kirby, Orchard-street, Hackney ; Mr. Jacob Goullee,
Club-row, Bethnal-green. — Collector, Mr. H. T>. Clements, 6,
Artichoke-row, Mile-end-road.
EAST LONDON PENSION SOCIETY, established
in the neighbourhood of Aldgate, 1826; should scarcely
obtain insertion, being upon the eve of extinction. The Se-
cretary represents there are but three aged pensioners, receiv-
ing 5s. per week ; and, upon their death, the Society will be
dissolved.
Secretary, Mr. Geo. Henderson, 28, Mansel-street, Goodman's-
fields.
LAMBETH PENSION SOCIETY, Lambeth. Estab-
lished 1826. Candidates must have attained the age of
sixty-five ; never have received parochial relief ; have been
rated to the poor, for a house in the parish of Lambeth, at
£20 per annum, during ten years immediately prior to be-
coming candidates, and have paid all the rates during that
period. The pensioners, male and female, are chosen in equal
numbers : the former receive 7s.; the latter, 5s. per week,
payable monthly. The present number of pensioners is
eighteen men, and twenty-four women ; and their aggregate
amount of pensions is £498 : the total income is but £528,
derived, all but £22, from voluntary contributions.
Five shillings annually, or five guineas at one payment,
constitute a governor.
President, Rev. C. B. Dalton, M.A., Rector. — Treasurer, Wm.
Rogers, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. N. H. Rowsell, 9, Milford-plaoe. —
Trustees : the Rector ; William Rogers, Esq.; Charles Evans, Esq.;
and J. B. Clark, Esq. — Collector, Mr. James Cole, 7, York-row,
Kennington-road.
ROYAL GENERAL ANNUITY SOCIETY, 18a,
Basinghall-street. Established 1827. Similar in objects to
the National Benevolent ; viz., for granting pensions " to
240
Royal genebal,1827 CjIHlitKlllp British phil. a.d. 1838
decayed merchants, bankers, professional men, master manu-
facturers, tradesmen, and clerks, their widows and daughters,
from all parts of the united kingdom"; but at present it is
more confined in its operations and amount of pensions
granted, — in fact, until within the last two or three years,
this charity was a very obscure one, so much so, as to escape
all mention in our previous work. Great efforts, however,
have lately been exerted in its behalf, and its management
characterized by a most liberal and earnest spirit ; the con-
sequence is, it now bids fair to rank second only to the insti-
tution referred to. The points of difference in its operations
besides their extent, is that candidates for this institution
may be under sixty years of age, if totally incapacitated ;
the unsuccessful votes polled at one election, are carried to
the candidate's credit at the next, for three successive elec-
tions ; and the amount of pension is limited to ,£2 5^. per
month for males, and £1 10s. for females. Two elections
take place every year, unless the second is deemed inexpe-
dient by the directors, and are decided by the subscribers'
votes. The usual number elected each time is six or eight :
the present number of pensioners on the society's funds is
forty. The income averages £1,500 a year ; but, judging
from the exertions being made by its directors, there is every
reason to believe this will speedily be more than doubled. In
addition to granting annuities, it is now proposed to build
an asylum to contain an equal number of male and female
applicants, to be chosen likewise by ballot at the usual elec-
tions when vacancies occur.
Ten shillings annually, or £5 donation, constitute a mem-
ber, entitled to two votes for every such subscription. Forms
of recommendation and petition for applicants, to be obtained
of the secretary.
President, A. W. Robarts, Esq. — Treasurer, Mr. Alderman
Thompson, M.P. — Treasurer of the Building Fund, A. G. Robarts,
Esq. — Trustees : Mr. Alderman Copeland, M.P. ; John Abel Smith,
Esq., M.P. ; George Carr Glyn, Esq., M.P.— Chaplain, Rev. Wil-
liam Henry Jones, M.A. — Secretary, Mr. Stephen J. Aldrich. —
Bankers, Bank of England. — Collector, Mr. Benjamin Butler, 262,
Oxford-street.
BRITISH PHILANTHROPIC PENSION SO-
CIETY, 145, Fenchurch-street. Established 1838, for
" the permanent relief of aged and distressed poor of both
sexes, by an allowance of 5s. per week for life"; foimed upon
241
ROYAL GENERAL. ^c^PIISillE |>nriEtiE5. A.D. 1839
similar principles to the preceding, but for a more humble
class, and providing a less scale of pension. Up to 1843, the
society maintained twelve pensioners, at 2s. 6d. per week, and
the total number to the present time has only been eighteen,
of whom but five are now living ; these, however, now re-
ceive 5s. Two guineas at one time constitute a life, and
5«. a year an annual, governor, with the right of nominating
a candidate, and voting at all elections, a privilege not exer-
cised, apparently, for some time back.
President, Peter Morrison, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Martin,
Stones, and Martins. — Treasurer, Mr. John Titchiner, 145, Fen-
church-street. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. Henry Jenkins, 40, Lime-
street, City.
ROYAL GENERAL PENSION SOCIETY, 7, Chapel-
place, Cavendish-square. Instituted 1839. This society
was formed to relieve the urgent distress and destitution of
those, hitherto pensioners to the Union Pension Society,
but who, in consequence of its disastrous failure, were left
totally unprovided for. Seventy-eight persons, formerly re-
cipients of that society, were, in 1842, elected on the pension
list of this society, with an allowance of 5s. to 7s. per week.
The extent to which the society's benefits are at present
afforded cannot be positively stated, in consequence of the
report being represented as "under revision"; but it would
appear that it continues to grant pensions to nearly fifty
persons in necessitous circumstances ; the men having 3s. 6d.
and the women 2s. 6d. weekly. Subscriptions of one guinea
per annum, or a donation of ten guineas, constitute a sub-
scriber, with one vote at all elections.
Secretary, ifr. John Morris, 7, Chapel-place. — Collector, Mr.
Benjamin Butler. — Bankers, Messrs. Coutts and Co., Strand.
NORTH and EAST LONDON BENEVOLENT IN-
STITUTION, 7, Lawrence Pountney-lane. Commenced,
1849, under the title of the Finsbury and Shoreditch
Benevolent Institution, for affording permanent relief by
annuities similar to the last mentioned. The amounts of
pensions contemplated, are 28s. per month to males, and
20s. to females, with an additional weekly sum in case of
sickness ; as yet the society has made but little progress,
but the second election of pensioners is announced for the
ensuing spring. Five shillings annual, or five guineas dona-
tion, constitute a governor, with one vote. Attendance at
the office every Wednesday, from eleven until four.
16
■
242
BRITISH BENEFICENT ChsritEMf INSTITUTION, A.D. 1850
Treasurer, Joseph Davies, Esq. — Consulting Physician, Heniy
Jeaffi-eson, Esq., M.D. — Surgeon, WiUiam Guest Carpenter, Esq.
Bankers, Messrs. Davies and Co. — Secretary, Mr. James Vine. —
Collector, Mr. William Shepherd.
THE BRITISH BENEFICENT INSTITUTION,
9, Lincoln's-inn-fields ; establishing 1850; appears to be
an attempt, on a large and comprehensive scale, to form a
charitable annuity society similar to the best of the fore-
going, divested of such features as in the idea of many ap-
pear objectionable ; such as the usual mode of electing
annuitants, — of canvassing for votes, etc. The plan of this
projected institution may thus be summed up : the afford-
ing pensions of £30 per annum, to be paid monthly, to "the
widows and unmarried daughters of military and naval
ofl5cers, clergymen, members of the learned professions, pro-
fessors of the fine arts, gentlemen engaged in mercantile
pursuits, and others having moved in a superior station
in society, resident in Great Britain or Ireland, who, by
reverses, are exposed to want :" also, the erection of alms-
houses, to which the recipients of the society's bounty will
have the privilege of becoming candidates, as vacancies occur.
The elections to be held yearly or half-yearly, according to the
state of the funds ; they are to be decided by ballot of the di-
rectors, upon the recommendation of the subscribers, it being
conceived that the choice would more generally be the result
of judgment, instead, as now, depending on the activity of
the canvas. However this may be, we much doubt whether
the old plan pursued by the National Benevolent Institu-
tion will not continue the favourite with the public, secur-
ing the power, as it does, of electing the candidates in the
hands of the subscribers. The present institution is full of
promise as regards the number and quality of its supporters :
the list already exhibits a vast array of influential names,
and tBere is evidently much energy and perseverance de-
voted to its interests on the part of the active secretary, who
for many years, we believe, directed the management of the
City, of London General Pension Society. The first selection
of candidates is advertised to take place next July. Printed
forms of applicatioji may be now obtained for this. Candi-
dates are eligible at the age of fifty-five, or if wholly inca-
pacitated, at tiie -discretion of the directors, under that age.
Twenty guineas at one payment constitute a life governor,
ten guineas a governor for ten years, and five guineas for five
years: £1 annually a subscriber.
243
AGED POOR, 1699. I^PIISillll I'linttirS. friendly, a.d. 1802
President, the Earl of Cardigan. — Trustees : the Marquis Clan-
ricarde, the Earl of Shrewsbury, Lord Aybner, Lord De Mauley.
— Honorary Secretary, Henry Francis Richardson, Esq. — Collec-
tor and Visitor, Mr. Henry Perry. — Bankers, Messrs. Sir Charles
Price and Co.
AGED POOR SOCIETY, 30, Leicester-square. Insti-
tuted 1699, for affording permanent relief to the aged or
infirm poor of both sexes, professing the Roman Catholic faith.
Candidates for its aid must be above sixty years of age. The
allowance made to males, 4«. per week ; females, 35. ; in the
event of a pensioner entering the workhouse, the pension
will be reduced to Is. per week. At Christmas there is an
annual distribution of meat, bread, coals, and potatoes to pen-
sioners. One guinea annually for three years, or j£20 at one
time, constitute a governor, with one vote. This society is en-
deavouring to raise sufficient funds for the erection of alms-
houses, and the amount already in hand is nearly i)3,000.
President, Right Rev. Dr. Wiseman. — Treasurer, H. Robin.son,
Esq. — Honorary Surgeon, Edward White, Esq. — Secretary, Mr.
Pagliano.— Collector, Mr. Thomas Bloimt, 2, Leicester-place.
FRIENDLY FEMALE SOCIETY, 10, George-yard,
Lombard-street. Instituted 1802. Poor women of good
character, who have seen better days, not under the age of
sixty years, and living within five miles of St. Paul's, are
considered proper objects of this charity. The relief granted
is in money, fuel, clothing, or otherwise, as the case may
require. The annuitants at the present time number one
hundred and thirty- nine, and are of three classes; fifty above
eighty years of age, who have six guineas per annum ; forty
above seventy years of age, who have four guineas per annum ;
and forty in the asylum, who have eight guineas per annum.
The election of the annuitants is decided by the votes of
the subscribers. Candidates for annuities must have been
twelve months on the books of the society for relief. The
number of the annuitants is increased as the funds of the
society may permit. Ten guineas donation, or one guinea
annually, constitutes a member entitled to recommend an
object for relief for six months. Half-a-guinea entitles only
to recommend one for three months.
President, the Marchioness of Cholmondeley. — ^Treasurer, Mrs.
John Courthope, Rotherhithe. — Hon. Secretary, Mrs. Richard-
son, 3, Gordon-street, Gordon-square. — Secretary and Collector,
Misa Stennett, 14, Brixton-rise.
244
AGED pilgrims', 1807. CjlSlitalllB LONDON CHBISTIAN,1826
AGED PILGRIMS' FRIEND SOCIETY, 60, Pater-
noster-row. Instituted 1807. This society is for the purpose
of giving life-pensions of ten guineas and five guineas to
poor, aged, and infirm Protestant Christians, of both sexes,
and of every religious denomination. It is required of can-
didates, that they can afford testimony of being real Chris-
tians ; above threescore years old ; their income, from every
source, under 7s. per week, if a single person ; or 10s. 6d.
per week, if married. There are generally between two and
three hundred annuitants, receiving five or ten guineas
per annum. Last year's amount of pensions was j£l,692;
the total amount of income, £1,800; all but ^£150 derived
from voluntary contributions ; the funded property is under
£6,000 ; the expenses for conducting the Society are very
small.
Every subscriber of one guinea per annum is entitled to
recommend one candidate, after having paid two years' sub-
scription ; seven shillings per annum, or five guineas dona-
tion, entitle to one vote.
Forms of recommendation may be had of either of the
Secretaries. Committee meet on the last Monday in every
month, at 60, Paternoster-row, City.
For account of almshouses to this charity, see the preced-
ing chapter.
Treasurers : Mr. Alderman Kelly, Patemoster-row ; Mr. Wil-
liam AUan, 15, Brunswick-crescent, Camberwell. — Hon. Secre-
taries : Mr. James Bisset, Stevenage, Herts ; Mr. John Box, 13,
Northampton-square. — Bankers, Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smith.
— Collector, Mr. Edward Shrewsbury, 16, King's-row, Walworth.
LONDON AGED CHRISTIAN SOCIET ¥,32, Sack-
ville-street, Piccadilly. Instituted 1826. For the perma-
nent relief of the decidedly Christian poor, of both sexes,
who have attained the age of sixty-five years, and who reside
within five miles of St. Paul's cathedral. The sum granted
to each never exceeds 10s. per month, and is so regulated
that the certain income of the pensioner from the society,
and other sources, does not exceed 7s. per week.
One pound annually, or £10 at one time, or £10 or up-
wards from a minister on behalf of his congregation, consti-
tute members entitled to have pensioners on the books, subject
to the rules. The present number of pensioners is 120; the
annual income is under £1,200, of which £1,145 is derived
245
CU5IBERLAND,1749. ^SpIISillll |»Drittit5. ROYAL MASONIC,1842
from voluntary contributions, and the remainder from divi-
dends. The amount expended in pensions is ,£630 annually.
President, the Marquis of Chohnondeley. — Bankers, Messrs.
Drummond and Co., Charing-cross. — Treasurer, Mr. W. Adeney,
16, Sackville-street. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev. Edward Auriol ;
P. S. W. Sheppard, Esq. — Assistant Secretary and Collector, Mr.
A. W. Stone. — Honorary Secretaries to the Ladies' Committee :
Miss Lemon, 8, Upper Brook-street ; Mrs. Maberly, 28, Grove
End-road ; Mre. Tarn, 20, Brunswick-square.
CUMBERLAND BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION,
London Tavern. Instituted 1749. For the relief of indi-
gent natives, and their widows, residing in the metropolis,
by permanent pensions of 20s. per month. The present
number of annuitants is forty-seven, and the amount distri-
buted annually, ^£479. The receipts, however, are insuffi-
cient for this, being last year only £431, depending almost
wholly on voluntary contributions. Applications must be
signed by the petitioner and two governors, accompanied by
a certificate of baptism, before the first Tuesday in January.
No person is eligible who has not resided within the bills of
mortality three years, or receives parochial relief, or not at-
tained the age of sixty-five years, except in cases satisfactory
to the committee.
One guinea annually, or 10 guineas at one time, constitutes
a governor, entitled to one vote. The committee meet
monthly at the London Tavern,
President, Earl of Lonsdale, Lord Lieutenant of the County. —
Treasurer, John Reay, jun., Esq. — Hon. Secretary, F. B. Birkett,
Esq. — Chaplain, Rev. Jonathan Cape. — Surgeon, Thomas Porter,
Esq. — Collector and Assistant Secretary, Mr. John Smith, 3,
Crosby-square.
THE ROYAL MASONIC BENEVOLENT ANNU-
ITY FUND, Freemasons' Hall, Great Queen-street. Insti-
tuted 1842. For the benefit of Masons, who must have been
registered for fifteen years, and subscribers to a lodge for ten
of that period ; unless in instances of signal affliction, none
are eligible to receive pensions under sixty years of age.
The pension varies, according to age, from £20 to £30 per
annum. The present number of pensioners is forty-three,
receiving £861 annually.
Five shillings annual, or £5 at one payment, constitutes
a subscriber, with one vote in the first case, and two in the
second, for every such amount.
246
President, Earl of Zetland. — Treasurer, Richard Percival, Esq.
Secretary, Mr. William Famfield, Freemasons' Hall. — Collector,
Mr. John NichoUs, 46, Chiswell-street.
THE MASONIC PROVIDENT SOCIETY. Insti-
tuted 1843. Lately held at the " Prince's Head," Prince's-
street, Westminster, somewiat similar in design to the above;
is now extinct.
247
Clmritalilf Inirfit Inrirtirs
CHAPTER XIII.
CHARITABLE AND PROVIDENT BENEFIT
SOCIETIES.
Their general Character, Objects, and Operation, and relative Extent,
considered. — The three classes of Charitable, Provident, and Benevo-
lent. — Queen Anne's Bounty, and other Funds, for Clergymen and
Ministers. — The Literary Fund, and Societies lor Artists. — School-
masters and Governesses. — Naval and Military. — Choral. — Law. —
Medical. — Booksellers' and other Prol'es'Sion and Trade Funds. —
Funds for the Distressed amongst old Etonians and Blues; also, Found-
lings in old age.
Veky difficult is it to draw a line between a charity, pro-
perly so called, and a fund conducted for the benefit only
of its own members and contributors ; and many of those in
this chapter partake more of the characteristics of mutual
insurance, than warrants their recognition in our present
volume, were it not for the close connexion between such, and
some of our noblest charities ; and also that their support
may, to a considerable extent, be traced to much of the
same spirit of love and desire to benefit their class as per-
vade the founders and promoters of those of more general
application.
In considering the institutions of the following pages, we
have endeavoured to limit the details as much as possible to
such features as may be peculiar to each, noticing such as may
be desirable for consideration, and perchance imitation, by
others, taking the opportunity of calling special attention to
the claims of charity to non-members, as recognized by a few
honorable exceptions to what appears the more general plan.
Such exceptions clearly evince the facility with which a cha-
ritable distribution may accompany the most provident and
scrupulous regard to the interests of their members ; whilst
248
Cjiaritabig anit l^rncikirt
the present satisfactory state of their finances affords testimony
to the truth, that "there is that scattereth and yetincreaseth."
The following affords a clear summary of the institutions
thus considered. They may be designated and classed as —
Charitable, Provident and Benevolent, and Provident.
7 Charitable Corporations and other societies,
for the benefit of the clergy and Protestant
dissenting ministers.
With an aggregate amount of annual in-
come of . . . . , £23,350
Of which amount, present voluntary contri-
butions comprise .... 8,600
Besides these, are 4 funds, not strictly chari-
ties, such as Queen Anne's, Ashton's, and
two insurance funds, of irregular and un-
certain benefit.
8 for literary persons, artists, schoolmasters, and
governesses.
6 for general assistance.
2 restricted to members.
Entire income (i only now forming) . 16,053
Including voluntary contributions . . 11,305
6 for naval and military persons and merchant
service (exclusive of Greenwich and Chelsea
Hospitals, before considered), for the most
part restricted to assisting members: their
annual income, arising from members' pay-
ments and dividends, amounts, as near as can
be reckoned, to . . . . 30,000
49 for lawyers, medical men, musicians, booksel-
lers, and other professions and trades.
7 for the general benefit of their respec-
tive trades, with an annual income of 5,076
17 partially relieving non-members, with
an annual income of . . . 8,781
25 restricted in affording relief to their
own members, with an annual income,
as near as can be ascertained, of . 18,467
The 3 last are funds for the relief of the dis-
tressed amongst old Etonians, Blues, and
Foundlings, income of the former not being
ascertained, the amount, to a certain extent,
must be doubtful, but may be stated at nearly 1,500
249
QUEEN ANNE'S ^flltfit |>nrirtip5. BOUNTY, A.D.I 704
Ten of the Funds have asylums or almshouses either
erected or in course of being so, as referred to in a previous
chapter : these, it will be seen, are supported in one or two
instances by distinct funds.
QUEEN ANNE'S BOUNTY OFFICE, and FIRST
FRUITS and TENTHS OFFICES, 3, Dean's Yard, West-
minster. This office belongs to a corporation, estalDlished
by Act of Parliament of the 3rd of Queen Anne,^ February,
1704, for the better maintenance of the poor clergy, by the
augmentation of small livings. The consolidation of the
offices of First Fruits and Tenths with the Bounty waa
effected by Act of Parliament, 1 Victoria, 1838.
The first fruits are payable by every new incumbent, at
the Bounty office, within three months after his admission.
The yearly tenths become due on the 25th December, and
must be paid early in each year. Hours of attendance, from
10 till four o'clock, Secretary's and First Fruits and Tenths
department; and from 10 till 2, Treasurer's department.
The annual account of the fund shows that during the year
ending the 31st December, 1848, the total receipts amounted
to £183,934. 4s. Id., and the total disbursements to
£178,707. 14s. 6d. The amount of first fruits in arrear,
£100. 4s. lOd., and the amount of yearly tenths, £138. 7s. 6d.
Secretary and Treasurer, C. Hodgson, Esq. — Clerks : Mr. J.
Holford, and Mr. A. Sharpe. — Treasurer's Department : Clerks :
Mr. G. Aston ; Mr. B. R. Aston ; Mr. I. K. Aston ; Mr. C. La-
vender ; Mr. W. H. Wliite. — Counsel, Samuel P. Cockerell, Esq.
— Solicitor, John Burder, Esq., 27, Pailiament- street. — Auditor,
Charles Ansell, Esq. — First Fruits' Department : Clerk, Mr. John
R. Geesin. — Tenths' Department : Clerk, Mr. Wm. Bridges.
THE CLERGY ORPHAN AND WIDOW CORPO-
RATION, 2, Bloomsbury-place. Incorporated 1678. Con-
sists of three distinct and entirely independent charities,
for the benefit of the indigent clergy, their widows, and
their children. The benefits to be derived from these chari-
ties are in no respect confined to the inhabitants of London,
or its neighbourhood, but are equally extended to all parts
of the kingdom, and may justly be characterized as National
Charities.
^ There were 6,597 clerical livings under ^50 per annum, reported
by the Commissioners under the act of Anne, capable of augmentation. —
Chalmers.
250
SONS OP THE CLERGY. CdflritfllllB CORPORATION, A.D. 1678
Of these we must consider first,
THE ANNIVERSARY FESTIVAL of the SONS of
the CLERGY, because, although now termed a branch of
the operations of the said Corporation, it was virtually the
foundation source of the whole. It was originally instituted
about 1655; and now consists in an annual assemblage of
the clergy and laity, in the month of May, under the auspices
of the highest authorities in Church and State, when Divine
service is held, and a sermon preached in the cathedral
church of St. Paul's. With a view to facilitate their distri-
bution amongst the most deserving objects of the charity,
the contributions at this festival arc placed at the disposal
of the Corporation of the Sons of the Clergy ; and are accord-
ingly devoted to the apprenticing of the sons and daughters
of necessitous clergymen in situations of credit and respect-
ability, and to such other analogous purposes as the com-
mittee may from time to time approve. Such stewards of
the festival as contribute a sum of not less than 30 guineas
towards the expenses of the festival, are subsequently elected
governors of the corporation.
Patron, the Queen. — President, the Archbishop of Canterbury.
— Treasurer of the Festival of the Sons of the Clergy, Charles J.
Baker, Esq., 2, Bloomsbury-place. — Bankers, Messrs. Goslings
and Sharpe, Fleet-street. — Collector, Mr. E. R. Fayerman, 7,
Shaftesbury-crescent, Pimlico.
The second charity is that for the relief of clergymen,
their widows, and children ; commonly called the
CORPORA TION OF THE SONS OF THE CLERGY.
Established by charter of King Charles II, 1678. It emanated
from the " Festival of the Sons of the Clergy," as, when that
had lasted some years, cases of distress were continually pre-
sented to the notice of the public, which it was not within
the scope and means of this festival to relieve. Its revenues
are distributed by a court of assistants, elected out of the
body of governors: 1st. In pensions and benefactions to the
widows of necessitous clergymen, and to such maiden daugh-
ters of deceased clergymen whose age exceeds forty-five
years. Those who participate in these benefactions are so
numerous, that the sum given to each individual does not
exceed £10. 2nd. In benefactions of j£10 to £"20, given
annually to curates with small incomes, and poor clergymen
with large families. 3rd. Granting exhibitions to the uni- .
251
BELIEF OF POOR ^JjIICfit -f^IinPtiCS. CLERGYMEN, A.D.I 778
versities, to sons of poor clergymen, varying in amount
according to circumstances, and apprenticing others, and
assisting them subsequently to settle in business. 4th. In
extending relief to cases of distress amongst the clergy and
their families, not coming -ndthin any of the foregoing pro-
visions, from a special fund, which has, within the last few
years, been vested in the corporation. This fund includes
the extensive benefactions of Dr. Taylour, Mr. Myddelton,
and Mrs. Ann Cam,^ " for poor clergymen with good charac-
ters and large families." The election of recipients of the
benefits of this fund takes place annually, soon after Easter.
Blank petitions are issued at the Corporation House, 2,
Bloomsbury-place, between the hours of 10 and 4. Donors
of thirty guineas at one time to the Anniversary are consti-
tuted governors of this Corporation.
President, the Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurers : Sir
Robert H. Inghs, Bart., M.P., W.T. Copeland, E&q., M.P., Alder-
man, and J. W. Freshfield, Esq. — Registrar, C. J. Baker, Esq.
The third charity is for the maintenance and instruction
of the orphan children of clergymen, and will be found
under Educational Charities, chapter xiv. It is termed the
Incorporated Clergy Orphan Society.
SOCIETY for the RELIEF of POOR PIOUS CLER-
G YMEN of the Established Church, residing in the Country.
77, Cannon-street, City. Instituted 1778. The persons to be
relieved by this society, are poor, pious, active clergymen in
the establishment ; of unexceptionable character, residing
in the country ; the tenor of whose preaching is, literally and
faithfully, according to the Articles of the Church of England.
Clergymen eligible to receive relief, if single, their income
must not exceed, from every source, £80 per annum in
England, or £50 in "Wales ; if married, J 100 in England, or
£70 in Wales, and not more than £7. 10s. for each child.
The assistance afforded depends on the committee. During
the sixty-one years the society has existed, it has distributed
^ Mrs. Ana Cam's bequest alone amounted to nearly ^30,000, the
interest of which is devoted mainly to poor clergymen : and Dr. Taylour's
and Mr. Middleton's amounted to as much more. Some portion of these
valuable benefactions, and others, of Lady Grant's, Mrs. Sutton's, and
Mr. Farmer's, have been granted by the Corporation to the assistance of
the Clergy Orphan Charity.
252
liONDON CLEEGY WIDOW Cjfaritillllj FUND, A.D. 1791
3,016 grants, amounting in the whole to £92,431 : the pre-
sent amount distributed averages from £1,200 to £1,400
annually ; and the income, about £1,600, of which £600 is
derived from dividends, and the remainder from voluntary
contributions.
One guinea annually, or ten guineas at one payment,
constitutes a member ; two guineas annually, or twenty
guineas at one payment, a governor for life.
Treasurer, Sam^uel Tomkins, Esq., 76, Lombard-street. — Secre-
tary, Rev. William Goode, 31, Charterhouse-square. ^Assistant
Secretary and Collector, Mr. J. C. Bowles, 77, Cannon-st. City.
Soon after the establishment of the last mentioned, the fol-
lovdng was commenced, for the relief, more especially, of
widows and children of clergymen within the Archdeaconries
of London and Middlesex ;'' commonly known as
THE LONDON CLERGY WIDOW FUND. Founded
1791. Amongst the first donations appears one of £52. 10s.
from Thomas Bonar, Esq. ; and in 1810, a more substantial
benefaction confirmed its establishment, consisting of £200
a-year, by will of A. M. Stafibrd. By its constitution, the
Bishop of London is the president, and the officers and other
members of Sion College its vice-presidents and directors.
The committee meet at Sion College, on the third Thurs-
day in March, at 12 o'clock, to deliver in an account of sub-
scriptions, and to receive petitions ; and on the third Thurs-
day in April, to distribute the collections. The objects of
the charity are declared to be " the widows and children of
incumbents, curates, lecturers, and licensed preachers." In
cases of extreme necessity, relief is extended to the clergy
themselves, at the discretion of the committee. No widow
or child is considered eligible for relief if possessing a cer-
tain income of £50 per annum, and no child between the
ages of fourteen and forty-five, unless incapable of obtain-
ing a livelihood, from mental or bodily infirmity. The
amount of relief afforded appears to vary from £10 to £40
each case, and the annual aggregate amount distributed,
about £800. The income averages £1,000, of which one
half is derived from dividends, and the other from voluntary
contributions.
^ Similar institutions were contemporary in their foundation with this,
or immediately preceded it, in the counties of Essex and Herts, for the
benefit of such portions of those counties as are in the diocese of London.
253
BISHOP PORTEUS' ^JpIICfit ^UrirtiPH. FUND, A.D. 1805
Treasurer, the Rev. John Abbiss, M. A., 5, Northampton-square.
— Secretary, the Rev. Henry Christmas, M.A., Sion College.
An appeal has lately been made upon behalf of this cha-
rity2 by a " lay committee," of which Lord Robert Grosvenor
became chairman ; but it was not responded to sufficiently
to enable them to increase the operations, and, consequently,
the plans they had formed have been relinquished. The
Honorary Secretary to this committee was S. G. Grady, Esq.
BISHOP PORTEUS" ANNUAL DONATIONS TO
POOR CLERGYMEN. Established 1805. BeUby Porteus,
Lord Bishop of London in the year 1805, executed a deed,
giving to the Archdeacons of the Diocese of London for the
time being ^6,700, three per cent, consols, the interest of
which is to be distributed by them in the month of February
in each year, amongst such of the clergy then resident in
the Diocese of London, as they shall deem poor and of good
character. The ordinary payment is limited to ^10. The
fund now consists of £7,000 consols. The Lord Bishop of
London is constituted the Visitor of the charity by the trust
deed, which directs that an annual account of the distribu-
tion shall be rendered by the Archdeacons to the Bishop of
London.
ASHTONS CHARITY, for the Relief of Poor Clergy-
men and Poor Clergyme'fC s Widows. This trust consists of
funds in Chancery, the bequeathed property of a lady named
Ashton, and is for the benefit of thirty poor clergymen, and
thirty poor clergymen's widows. A distribution is shortly
expected, of about .£10 to each successful applicant. As
such are contemplated from time to time, they will be adver-
tised in the Times newspaper, when all parties seeking relief
must apply by petition, a form of which will be furnished on
application, personally or by letter, to the Receiver. The
Receiver and Clerk to the Trustees is J. Sewell, Esq., 51, Old
Broad-street.
*.j^'* Bromley College, for widows and daughters of clergy-
men, see page 214.
^ " There are tipwards of 500 clergymen in the diocese cf London,
whose average incomes do not exceed iClOO a year. Any provision tor
their families, in case of their removal by death, is utterly impossible ;
and the most distressing cases of widows and orphans of clergymen are
annually brought before this society, to be but inadequately relieved, if
at all, from lack of funds." — Extract from Appeal.
254
DISSENTING ministers' ClinritHlllB WIDOWS* FUND, A.D.I 733
For Camels Charity, for widows of clergymen, see Cord-
wainers' Company, page 194.
CLERGY FUND of the Church of England Life and
Fire Assurance Institution, Lothhury. Office established 1840.
The fund is formed by the setting apart of one clear tenth
of the profits of the office, and is applied to the relief of dis-
tressed clergymen and the widows and orphans of clergymen ;
also for granting aid to enable clergymen with limited in-
comes to provide for their families by assuring their lives at
reduced premiums. The directors determine once annually
upon the amount, and proceed to the selection of as many
applications for assistance from the fund, as the amount at
their disposal for the year admits. The necessary forms for
applicants may be obtained at the office, generally in the
month of July, when information will be afforded of the time
by which they must be sent in.
Chairman, Major J. Oliphant. — Secretary, W. Emmens, Esq.
SOCIETY for the RELIEF to the NECESSITOUS
WIDOWS and CHILDREN of PROTESTANT DIS-
SENTING MINISTERS, generally denominated the
Widows' Fund, King's Head, Poultry ; instituted 1733 ; for
the relief of the necessitous widows and children of Protes-
tant Dissenting ministers, who, at their death, stood accepted
and approved as such by the body of ministers of the deno-
mination to which they respectively belonged, and died so
poor as not to leave their widows and children a sufficient
subsistence. Previous to their being relieved, the above
must be attested to by one or more ministers, and the petition
signed by a member of the institution. The present number
of pensioners is two hundred and forty-six, receiving amounts
varying from £9 to £12 per annum, amounting in the aggre-
gate to J2,500 annually distributed in relief. The expenses
are very small, nearly the full amount of income being thus
disbursed ; it is derived chiefly from dividends, and between
£300 and £400 from voluntary contributions. The com-
mittee meet for considering petitions, etc., at the King's
Head, Poultry, on the first Tuesday in every mouth, from
October to May inclusive. Forms of petition may be had
upon application to the Secretary. One guinea annually
for two years, or ten guineas at one time, and from a minis-
ter five guineas, constitutes a member, entitled to recom-
mend objects deserving of assistance.
255
EVANG. FUND, 1793 ^Jfllffit |nnPtitS. PROTESTANT, 1798
Treasurer, Stephen Olding, Esq., Clement's-lane, Lombard-st.
— Secretary, Mr. H. K. Smithers, 3, Brabant-court, Philpot-lane.
EVANGELICAL MAGAZINE FUND, for the widows
of ministers, 27, Patemoster-row. Established 1793. The
Evangelical Magazine was first established by a body of dis-
senting ministers, and a few episcopal clergymen. From the
first, its sale was large, so that the projectors of the work had
considerable funds at their disposal. They resolved on de-
voting the profits of the work to the relief of the widows of
evangelical ministers, whether churchmen or dissenters. In
this way, the trustees of the work have distributed upwards
of X30,000. The number of widows now receiving annual
gratuities from its profits, is one hundred and fifty. The
sum distributed amongst them about ,£1,250.
Treasurer, H. F. Burder, D.D., Hackney. — Editor, John Mor-
rison, D.D., Brompton.
PROTESTANT UNION, for the benefit of the widows
and children of Protestant ministers of all denominations, 7,
Bloomfield-street. Instituted 1798. Originally combined
a benevolent fund, with a legal provision for its members ;
now, exclusively a benefit society, conducted on the prin-
ciples of assurance.^ The annuities may be secured, from
£10 to £50, upon payment of proportionate premiums, ac-
cording to age, etc. The board also arrange annuities to
ministers, from congregational collections, etc. Attendance
at the office every Tuesday morning, from eleven to one.
Secretary, Rev. John Hunt, 14, Brixton-rise, Surrey.
MINISTERS' FRIEND OR ASSOCIA TE FUND, 25,
Manchester-terrace, Islington ; established 1 823 ; for assist-
ing evangelical dissenting ministers, whose incomes are
inadequate to their support. The ministers of the congre-
gations to be assisted, must be of unexceptionable charac-
ter, exercising their ministry in England, maintaining the
sentiments of the Assembly's Catechism, both as to faith
and practice, and whose total income, from every source,
^ The above brief notice is inserted in consequence of its character
often being mistaken for a charitable fund ; otherwise insurance offices
come not within our limits. Of such, there are several formed, adapted
to the clerical as well as other professions, as " The Clergy Mutual," " The
Clerical," " The Church of England," A:c.
256
ROYAL LITERARY CjjnritHlllE FUND, A.D. 1790
does not exceed the following limit : — Unmarried ministers,
^50 per annum ; married ministers, having no children, £70
per annnm ; not having less than two children dependent
upon them for support, £90 per annum; not having less
than four children under similar circumstances, £1,200 per
annum.
The annual income averages about ^1,200, derived from
dividends to the extent of £750, and the remainder from
voluntary contributions and sacramental collections. With
theexception of about £70 expenses, the whole amount is paid
in grants for relief, varying from £5 to £25 each case. Sub-
scribers of one guinea annually are members, or ten gmneas
at one time, life members.
Treasurer, William Hunter, Esq. — Honbrary Secretaries, Rev.
Thomas Lewis ; Rev. John Yockney. — Corresponding Secretary,
Rev. Charles Gilbert, 25, Man chaster- terrace, Islington. — Col-
lector, Mr. John Bull, 3, Sydney-terrace, Kilbum.
ROYAL LITERARY FUND, 73, Great Russell-street;
instituted 1790;^ incorporated 1818 ; for affording assist-
ance to authofs, of genius and learning, who may be reduced
to distress by unavoidable calamities, or deprived by en-
feebled faculties, or declining life, of the power of literary
exertion. This assistance is renewed as often as the com-
mittee consider necessary, and is extended at the death of
an author to his widow and children.
To entitle persons to come under the consideration of the
general committee for relief, sufficient proof of their having
written and published books, of a respectable character, must
be produced, to the exclusion of those whose writings are con-
trary to morals or religion, and whose personal character is
not proved by satisfactory testimony to be beyond suspi-
cion. The grants vary in amount, from £10 to .£100, in
proportion to the literary claim. The total number of grants
to the end of 1848 was 2,279 ; the amount thereof, .£36,540.
A donation of ten guineas and upwards, or subscription
of one guinea annually, constitute a member of the corpo-
ration.
^ Particular details of the receipts and disbursements cannot be fur-
nished, such matters being considered of a private nature ; and a pecu-
liar sensitiveness is invariably observed in preserving secresy in every
thing connected with the recipients of its bounty, and the amounts
awarded in each case, &c.
257
ARTISTS'bEXEVOLENT ^BUffit ^nriBtipS. FUND, A.D. 1827
— President, Marquis of Lansdowne. — Treasurers : John Griffin,
Esq., 21, Bedford-place ; Sir Henry Ellis, British Museum ;
William Tooke, Esq., 12, Russell-square. — Secretary, Octavian
Blewitt, Esq.
THE ARTISTS' BENEVOLENT FUND, 7, Blooms-
bury-place. Instituted 1810. Incorporated 1827. Consists
of two separate and distinct branches : the Artists' Annuity
Fund, and the Artists' Benevolent Fund. The first is sup-
ported by the contributions of its members, for their own re-
lief in sickness orsuperannuation. All artists of merit in paint-
ing, sculpture, architecture, and engraving, are eligible to
become members, the annual payments to which are regulated
by the age of the member, increasing a small sum every year.
The present amount of funded property is £14,900, exclu-
sively the property of the members themselves. The second
is supported by the patrons of the Fine Arts, for the relief
of the widows and orphans of the members of the Annuity
Fund. And the whole is under the direction of the presi-
dent, and ten subscribers to the Benevolent Fund, annually
elected by the subscribers, and five members of the Annuity
Fund, annually elected by its members. Every artist pro-
posed as a member of the Annuity Fund, must be balloted
for, and approved by the committee of the Benevolent
Fund, in order to entitle his widow and children to its
benefits. The benefits of this fund are extended to about
40 widows and 22 orphans, the former receiving £18, and
the latter £5 annually. The income for this purpose is
about £1,200 per annum, derived half from dividends, and
the other half from present voluntary contributions. One
guinea annual and upwards, or 10 guineas donation and up-
wards, constitute a governor of the Benevolent Fund, entitled
to vote at all elections, and eligible for the committee.
President, Sir John Edward Swinburne, Bart. — Trustees, Sir
Thomas Baring, Bart ; Sir John Edward Swinburne, Bart ; B. B.
Cabbell, Esq. ; C. E. Scott, Esq.— Treasurer, Sir C. E. Scott.-^
Secretary, A. A. Thistleton, Esq., 7, Bloomsbury-place. —
Bankers, Sir C. Scott, Bart., and Co. — Collector, Mr. Charles
Woodfall, 11, Lorimer-road, Walworth. — President of the An-
nuity Fund, J. D. Harding, Esq.- — Secretary, B. R. Green, Esq.,
62, Charlotte-street, Portland-place. — Bankers, Messrs. Coutts and
Co. — Honorary Physician, Theophilus Thomson, M.D., Bedford-
square. — Surgeons, J. C. Taunton, Esq., Hatft)n-garden ; James
Part, Esq. — Sledical Inspector (a recent stipendary office), Mr.
G. Cockbum Hyde, 5, Montpelier square, Brompton.
17
■
258
artists' general (CjJHritElllB benevolent, a.d. 1814
ARTISTS' GENERAL BENEVOLENT INSTITU-
TION, 45, Great Coram-street. Instituted 1814. Incor-
porated 1842. Differs from the last-mentioned excellent
institution in the extent and general application of its
benevolent benefits, the plan of this being to extend relief
to all distressed meritorious artists, whether subscribers to its
fund or not, " whose works are known and esteemed by the
public"; as well as to their widows and orphans, merit and
distress constituting the claims to its benevolence.
One guinea annual, or 5 guineas donation, constitutes a
member, entitled to vote at all general meetings, eligible to
be a director, and recommend annually two applicants for
relief. Applications for relief must be addressed and trans-
mitted to the Secretary, on or before the 1 st of June, or the
1st of December, aud must be certified by two subscribers,
one of whom shall state his knowledge of the case by letter.
Upwards of £12,000 has been distributed since the esta-
blishment of the institution in annual donations amongst
■300 cases of distress and need, in many instances being
continued from year to year. The annual income is derived
half from voluntary contributions and half from dividends,
amounting together to about £1,000. The annual amount
expended in relief is nearly £700 ; funded property at
present time under £13,000.
Bankers, Messrs. Ransom and Co.— Treasiu-er, C. R. Cockerell,
Esq., 29, SaviUe-row. — Honorary Secretary, William Nicol, Esq.
— Assistant Secretary, Mr. W. J. Roper. — President, Sir Martin
Archer Shee, President of the Royal Academy. — Collector, Mr.
John Peter Wildsmith, 14, Alfred-street, Bedford-square.
SOCIETY OF SCHOOLMASTERS, Queen's Arms
Tavern, Newgate-street. Instituted 1710. For the purpose
of alleviating the distress of its sick members, by an allow-
ance of one guinea per week ; or to a member who becomes
entirely incapacitated from following his avocation, the
sum of half-a-guinea per week permanently ; and at the
decease of a member a sum of from .£15 to .£60 to the
family, varying according to the time he had been a member.
Each member pays a quarterly contribution of half-a-guinea.
The qualifications for admission are — that each person pro-
posed, be a member of some denomination of Protestant
Christians, and the master of a school, or private teacher,
having acted on his own account for at least twelve months
259
schoolmasters' ^flicfit |»nrittirS. PiiNDS,1710&1798
immediately preceding the time of being proposed, and
under the age of forty-five years. The quarterly meetings
are held at the Queen's Arms Tavern, Newgate-street, on
the second Friday in January, April, July, and October, at
7 p.m. There is no published account of this fund, it par-
taking more of the character of a private benefit fund. The
amount of funded property is about £1,300.
Stewards for 1850 : T. Collins, Free School, Primrose-street,
Bishopsgate; J. A. Dotchen, 13, Crescent-pl. Momington-crescent.
SOCIETY OF SCHOOLMASTERS, 73, Great Russell-
street. Instituted 1798. For the relief of distressed school-
masters and ushers, their widows and orphans. Benefactors
of 5 guineas at one payment, or one guinea annually, are
members ; of 20 guineas in one sum, or 3 guineas annually,
are entitled to act as members of the committee. The
committee meet, by permission of the committee of the
Royal Literary Fund, at 73, Great Russell-street, on the
first Saturday of February, April, October, and December,
at 2 o'clock. Schoolmasters, who have been subscribers,
and their families, are regarded as having the first claim^ to
consideration ; and no small portion of the society's income
is expended in annual grants to widows, and in either ap-
prenticing their orphans, or partially defraying the charges
of their education. Forms of petition for relief may be ob-
tained from the Secretary.
^ The following interesting letter appears on the hooks of this institu-
tion. Its tissociations present a remarkable picture of the uncertainty of
human greatness, — the lights and shades even more stronglj contrasted
by past events : —
" Twickenham, December 10, 1816.
" The Duke of Orleans presents his compliments to Dr. Kelly, and is
very sorry that his note remained so long unanswered. It was his inten-
tion to have expressed sooner how much he was flattered by Dr. K.'s
very obliging intimation of the motives for which the Duke of Orleans
ought to feel a particular interest for the schoolmasters. The Duke of
Orleans has, in fact, more motives for being attached to that useful and
respectable class of men than, he believes, Dr. Kelly can be aware of ;
since it is not probable that he should know that, among the many vicis-
situdes of fortune which fell to the lot of the Duke of Orleans, is to be
found that of having been a schoolmaster. It is, however, a matter of
fact, that, at a time of severe distress and persecution, the Duke of Orleans
had the good luck of being admitted as a teacher in a college, where he
gave lessons regularly during the space of eight months. The Duke of
Orleans hopes, therefore, that the society for the relief of distressed school-
masters will permit him to tender his mite as a fellow schoolmaster."
260
GOVEBNESSES' ChsritflMf INSTITUTION, A.D. 1843
President, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurer, Rev.
Dr. Russell, Devonshire-square, Bishopsgate. — Secretary, Octa-
vian Blewitt, Esq., 73, Great Russell-street. — Bankers, Messrs.
Child and Co., Temple-bar.
GOVERNESSES' BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION,
32, Sackville-street. Established 1843. Incorporated 1847.
Consists of four distinct establishments, where its objects
are carried out much as developed in the following sum-
mary of present operations : —
1. The Oeneral Office, 32, Sackville-street, where every
information will be afforded from 12 till 5. This office
effects for governesses, free of every expense —
Provident Annuities upon Government Securities, accord-
ing to Act of Parliament, and on a scale of either annual
payments, or amounts in one sum to come due at any age.
The amounts already invested for ladies reach £50,000.
Temporary relief is administered privately by a ladies'
committee. The amount thus disbursed is from ^700 to
i£800 annually.
The Elective Annuities are secured on a large amount of
funded donations, independent of the prosperity of the
institution. The elections are held in May and November,
the number to be elected depending on the vacancies that
occur. Some few are filled up by the nominations of the
benevolent founding the annuity .1 One annuity lately
formed is supported wholly by collections of one shUling
subscriptions. Persons eligible for these annuities axe go-
vernesses only (not keepers of schools), above 50 years of
age, and single or widows. 10s. 6c?. annually, or 5 guineas
donation, entitles to one vote at all elections.
Savings' Bank Accounts may be effected by governesses
through this office, with increased facilities for obtaining
the withdrawal of amounts at any time. The institution
thus affords the aid of a General Banker, whilst at the same
time no deposits are in its own power.
2. The Home, 66, Harley-street, where a system of regis-
tration is effected, free of all expense, and open to every
governess, upon her forwarding a written application, ac-
■^ The present number of annuities is thirty-two, most of which have
been founded by individual benefactions. It is a lamentable fact, that, at
a recent election of three annuitants, for £\6 per annum each, there
were no less than eighty-four candidates !
261
governesses' ^fUffit ^nriftifS, homes, a,d. 1842-3
companied by two sealed letters of testimonial from respon-
sible persons. The necessary particulars to be entered in
the register by the lady herself or friend acting for her.
Governesses desiring to be inmates must apply in like
manner " to the Ladies' Committee," (who meet every Tues-
day at half-past two). The charge for board and lodging is
15s. a- week, and admission granted for one month, and, if
necessary, extended to three months.
3. The Asylum for Aged Governesses, Prince of Wales'-
road, Haverstock Hill. The provision for the inmates in-
cludes everything but dress, and persons eligible are such
as are so for the "Elective Annuities", and subject to same
regulations, but must be above 60 years of age. Any of the
present annuitants above that age have the option of resign-
ing and entering the Asylum.
4. The College, termed Queen's College (vide chapter xv).
The inmates of the Home have access to the lectures, and
other benefits.
Judging from last year's cash statement, the income of
the whole establishment would appear to amount in total
to above £10,000 — viz. £8,826 from voluntary contributions,
£815 from the Home and other payments, and £426 from
dividends ; but this includes many special sums, as likewise
in the total amount of £8,123 for disbursements there are
several items of more than ordinary expenditure ; upon
the whole the institution is well supported, and is in a satis-
factory and promising position. One guinea annual, or 10
guineas donation, constitutes a member of the institution ;
every 10s. Qd. annual, or 5 guineas donation, entitles to one
vote at elections for Annuitants, and inmates of Asylum.
President, Earl of Harrowby. — Treasurer, Benjamin Bond Cab-
bell, Esq., M.P. — Honorary Secretary, Rev. David Laing, M.A.,
62, Mornington-road, Regent's-park.- — Honorary Surgeon, Henry
Hewlett, Esq. — Honorary Surgeons for the Aged Asylum, Joseph
Baly, Esq. ; George Bermingham, Esq. —Honorary Solicitor, F.
Patey Chappell, Esq. — Bankers, Sir C. Scott and Co.; Messrs.
Strahan and Co. — Secretary, Mr. Charles William Klugh, 32,
SackviUe-street. — Secretary to the Provident Fund, Mr. Parker.
— Collector, Mr. Peter Mattam, 67, Harley- street.
THE TEMPORARY RESIDENCE for GOVER-
NESSES, 19a, Osnaburgh- street,^ Regent s-park, insti-
^ For some years in Swinton-street, Gray's Inn-road.
262
INDUSTRIAL HOME FOR Cjfflritilllk 6ENTLE\VOMEN,A.D.1849
tuted 1842, offers, upon moderate terms, a comfortable
Christian home. It is a similar institution to the Gover-
nesses' Home, in Harley-street, but upon a smaller scale ;
every facility is afforded for obtaining situations, and the
inmates receive the same treatment as if in a private
family. The terms for residence and board, are 8s. 6c?., or
10s. 6d. per week, or with a separate bedroom 12s. 6d. These
charges are insufficient to render the institution a self-
supporting one ; therefore each boarder, on such terms, must
be recommended by a new subscriber of £1 Is. Testimonials
of respectability are also required on entering, one of which
must be from the last family in which the governess re-
sided. Annual income about £350, more than half depend-
ing upon voluntary contributions, which at present are
insufficient to cover the necessary expenditure.
Honorary Secretary, Mrs. H. Bull. — Treasurer and Honorary
Superintendent, Miss Welch. — Honorary Physician, Dr. Pidduck.
— Surgeons, Messrs. Eyre and "Weston. — Bankers, Messrs. Ran-
som and Co.
INDUSTRIAL HOME for INDIGENT GENTLE-
WOMEN, 5, Harper-street, Queen-square, Bloomsbury ;
established 1849 ; for providing a home, employment, and
support for widows and daughters of gentlemen, professional
men, and merchants, suffering under the reverses of fortune,
and either incapable of tuition or unable to procure engage-
ments. The financial management of the institution is
vested in a gentlemen's committee, and the management of
the home devolves upon a ladies' committee. The home,
furnished from the funds of the society, is a spacious and
commodious house, capable of accommodating thirty-six
ladies ; this, it is contemplated, will ultimately be, as
nearly as possible, self-supporting, by means of employment
given to the inmates, for which payment must be made to
the lady superintendent of the institution upon delivery,
and by her to the ladies employed, deducting the average
weekly expense of each individual. Candidates for admis-
sion must be either widows or single, and have two respon-
sible referees, who will certify her recent position in society
— her moral character, and necessitous circumstances, (fee.
Donors and subscribers have the privilege of recommending
candidates. The power of selection will be vested in the
ladies' committee, who will meet weekly to supervise the
arrangements of the Home, and examine the applications of
263
CHORAL, A.D. 1791 BpIItfit linrirflPS. MUSICIANS, A.D. 1738
fresh candidates. The charge for each lady's board and
lodging is 7s. 6d. per week ; in special instances relief of
cases of extreme distress is dispensed by the ladies' com-
mittee. Forms of application, terms, and all particulars
supplied by the Secretary, Miss Smith, at the Home.
Treasurer, Hon. Arthur Kinnaird. — Sub-Treasurer, the Rev.
Michael W. Lusignan, M.A., AUhaUows, City. — Honorary Phy-
sicians, Dr. Aldis : Dr. Joseph WilHams. — Honorary Secretary,
Jonathan Jones, Esq., 35, Great Coram-street. — Bankers, Messrs.
Ransom and Co.
CHORAL FUND, 38, Dean-street, Soho ; established
1791 ; for two essential purposes : first, to unite the choral
performers in and near London as one society, for profes-
sional purposes ; and secondly, that by contributing to a
common fund, aided by the proceeds of an annual concert,
and the subscriptions and donations of the lovers of the
sublime works of Handel, Mozart, etc., some provision might
be made against the sickness and decay of its members, as
well as insure to their widows and orphans assistance in
distress. Any musician, instrumental or vocal, who is pro-
perly qualified, may become a member, upon being proposed
at one of the monthly meetings. An account of payments
to widows, orphans, and pensioners, may be seen upon ap-
plication to the secretary. One guinea annually, or a dona-
tion of ten guineas at one time, entitles the subscriber to
tickets for the annual concert, to the full amount of sub-
scription. The finances are represented as in a satisfactory
condition, and the funded property as increasing.
President, Duke of Manchester. — Treasurer, Mr. Southgate.
— Physicians, Drs. Golding and Roberts. — Surgeon, James
Yearsley, Esq. — Secretary and Collector, Mr. Charles Tett, 38,
Dean-street, Soho.
RO YAL SOCIETY of MUSICIANS of^ ORE A T BRI-
TAIN, 12, Lisle-street, Leicester-square : instituted 1738,
incorporated 1790 ; for the support of decayed musicians
and their families. Ten guineas donation, or one guinea
annual, constitutes a subscriber entitled to two tickets ; one
for the rehearsal, and one for the concert, given for the
benefit of the charity, at the Hanover-square Rooms.
Bankers, Messrs. Drummond. — Honorary Solicitors, Messrs.
Burgoyne and Thrupp, 160, Oxford-street. — Secretary, Mr. Wood,
12, Lisle-street. — Collector, Mr. J. Watts, 24, London-street,
Fitzroy-square.
264
FEMALE MUSICIANS, 1839, CjlSritElllB ARMY MEDICAL, 1820
The ROYAL SOCIETY of FEMALE MUSICIANS,
Hanover-square Rooms ; established 1839 ; for affording,
by means of contributions from members, as well as honorary
subscribers, such occasional or annual relief as shall be
found compatible with the means in its power, to those
female musicians, being members, whom misfortune or iU
health may have reduced to a state of indigence. An hono-
rary subscriber of one guinea annually, or ten guineas at
one payment, is entitled to two tickets of admission, or one
for a reserved seat, for every benefit concert given by the
society.
Patron, the Queen. — Honorary Treasurer, Miss Masson. —
Bankers, Sir Claude Scott, Bart., and Co. — Secretary, Mr. J. W.
Holland, 13, Macclesfield-street, Soho.
ARMY MEDICAL OFFICERS' BENEVOLENT SO-
CIETY,^ 13, St. James's-place. Instituted 1820. Associated
with a view of affording relief to those orphans of commis-
sioned officers of the medical department of the army, who
may be left under circumstances of peculiar distress ; or,
who may be enabled, by a small addition of income, at a
certain period of their lives, to procure a better education
than their limited means would otherwise admit ; or who
may require some assistance on their first establishment in
life. Orphan children of officers whose mothers are still
living, will be admitted to participate in the benefits of the
fund, provided the mother's income be inadequate to their
education ; but orphans who have lost both parents, will, if
otherwise destitute, be considered to have a claim superior
to those whose mothers are still living. Where there is an
equality of claim, the preference is shown to those orphans
whose fathers contributed to the fund. The nature of the
claims w hich may be made being very indefinite, the relief
afforded by the fimd is not limited by any specification of
age, or otherwise ; but the objects of its bounty are selected
from among those whose claims are the strongest.
President, Sir Charles Mansfield Clarke, Bart. — Vice-President,
Sir James M'Gregor, Bart., Director-General. — Inspectors-
General, John Warren, Esq.; Sir James Fellowes. — Trustees,
George James Guthrie, Esq., F.R.S., Deputy Inspector-General;
1 The Army Medical Friendly Society, instituted 1816, conducted at
this same ofl5ce, is merely an insurance department, conducted on the
usual mutual benefit system.
265
NAVAL FUNDS, %mM ^Iimfe. A.D. 1823 & 38
Dr. George Gregory ; Dr. A. Stewart, Deputy Inspector-General.
— Treasurer, C. R. M'Grigor, Esq., 17, Charles-street, St.
James's. — Secretary, G. S. Clarke. Esq., 13, St. James's-place.
ROYAL NA VT ANNUITANT SOCIETY, Devonport.
London Branch Office, 3, Clifford's Inn. Established 1823,
For the benefit of members, consisting of flag-officers, cap-
tains, commanders, lieutenants, masters, secretaries to the
same, inspectors of fleets and hospitals, chaplains, surgeons,
pursers, naval instructors, mates, second masters, clerks who
have passed, etc., and marine officers ; also the wives of any
such, whose husbands, from age or infirmity, cannot be ad-
mitted.
Tables of subscription, rules, etc., may be obtained at the
Office, as above. Secretary, Purser Francis Lean.
THE ROYAL NAVY BENEVOLENT SOCIETY,^
18, Adam-street, Adel phi. Incorporated 1838. For affording
relief to officers of the royal navy, and to their widows and
families, under circumstances of misfortune and consequent
distress. Supported by voluntary subscriptions and dona-
tions of naval officers, and others. The subscriptions of offi-
cers, according to their respective ranks, to secure for them-
selves, their widows and families, the benefit of this institution,
are as follows : — Admirals, vice-admirals, and rear-admirals,
£20 at one payment, or £3. 3s., £2. 2s., and £1. Is. annu-
ally, according to rank ; captains, commanders, and physi-
cians, £\0 at one payment, or 10s. 6d. annually ; lieutenants,
masters, surgeons, pursers, and chaplains, £5 at one pay-
ment, or 5s. annually.
The Court meet on the third Monday in January, April,
July, and October, to investigate applications for relief,
which must be addressed to the secretary, on or prior to the
25th March, June, September, and December.
Patroness, her Majesty the Queen. — President, Rear-Admiral
Lord Radstock. — Honorary Solicitor, W. Dickson, Esq., 4, Fre-
derick's-place. Old Jewry. — Secretary, Commander W. H. Dick-
son, Esq., R.N., Adam-street, Adelphi.
MERCHANT SEAMEN S CORPORA TION, 25, Birch-
in-lane. Was incorporated 1747, by an Act of 20th George
II, cap. 38, intituled an " Act for the relief and support of
^ This society was originally instituted in 1739, under the title of the
" Royal Naval Amicable Society," and continued to 1838 under that of
the " Royal Naval Charitable Society."
266
MERCHANT SEAMEs's CjlHrttHlllf CORPORATION, A.D. 1747
maimed and disabled seamen, and the widows and children
of such as shall be killed, slain, or drowned, in the merchant
service", and amended according to its present constitution,
by an act of 4 and 5 William IV, cap. 32.
It is supported by deductions from the wages of seamen,
and by donations. All masters and owners paying 2s., and
seamen or other persons serving on board. Is. per month,
which sums are collected by the owners, and remitted to the
receivers of the several ports. Maimed seamen to be pro-
vided for at the port where the accident happens. Disabled
seamen, having paid five years, to be provided for where
they have contributed most.
By a clause in the same act, it is enacted, that if any person
shall, by one or more payments, give the sum of £50, such
person shall be a governor. The annual election of committee
and officers is appointed to take place within five days of
Midsummer-day, notice of which is given in the London
Gazette ten days previous to the meeting. The annual
amount distributed in relief, according to last year's state-
ment, was ^20,000, a sum apparently quite inadequate for
providing, with any degree of comfort, or in proportion to
the need of those who have been contributors on the faith
of its being sufficient ; and yet a sum not defrayed by the
receipts : last year, the amount from London vessels was
,£10,000, and out-port vessels, ^6,700 ; the remaining re-
ceipts from a small amount of dividends and voluntary con-
tributions falling far short of the deficiency. This virtual
insolvency of the fund having met the best consideration of
Government, it is hoped, that by a measure now before Par-
liament,! provision will be made for the merchant seaman
in distress and old age, as effectual and permanent as that
for the navy and marine.
President, George LyaU, Esq. — Secretary and Receiver for the
Port of London, Mr. Wm. Watson. — Surgeon, Mr. J. G. Sparke.
^ The original amount paid by seamen was 6d. a montli ; and by cap-
tains, Is. This proving insufficient, was raised, by Act of Parliament, to
Is. and 2s. This also failing, and the fund at the present time being un-
able to honour the claims upon it, to the extent they are justly liable,
Mr. Labouchere proposes an annual grant of ^30,000 from the Consoli-
dated Fund, and having the amount of payments raised from Is. to Is. 6d.
This will enable the Corporation to increase the present scale of pensions,
and render the assistance granted more commensurate with what is re-
quired.
267
MARITIME, A.D.I 790. ^PHtfit ^lillriptitS. MARINERS', A.D. 1835
THE LONDON MARITIME INSTITUTION, for the
benefit of decayed Master Mariners and their Families. Is
held at the office of the last mentioned Corporation, and was
instituted in 1790. Its design is to afford relief to life-mem-
bers, their widows, and children. It consists of honorary
members and of members for life, who must be in the com-
mand of a ship at the time of their admission ; not be above
forty-five years of age ; be recommended by a member, and
approved of by the committee.
One guinea annually, or five guineas in one payment, con-
stitute an honorary member. Life members must pay an
admission fee of fifteen guineas, and one guinea annually.
The Society's Almshouses are situated on Bow Common.
President, George Lindsay, Esq. — Treasurer, Robert Barclay,
Esq. — Secretary, Mr. William Watson.
MASTER MARINERS' BENEVOLENT SOCIETY,
49, Gracechurch-street. Established 1835. For the purpose
of relieving master mariners and their families in cases of
shipwreck and death ; and is supported by the subscriptions
of members and honorary members, the former only deriving
benefit. The assistance granted is by awards of from ^10
to £50, according to discretion of directors, and averages in
the aggregate from .£1,700 to ,£2,000 per annum; distributed
last year to various cases, in the following proportion : £755
amongst the families of those meeting death by casualties or
natural causes ; £200, from loss of life at sea ; £650 amongst
shipwrecked members ; and £114 to those sustaining losses.
The expenses of management are most creditably moderate,
being under £100 a-year. The amount of funded property
is nearly £6,000, the dividends from which it is in contem-
plation to devote in granting annuities.
Members must be in actual command of a decked vessel,
employed in the foreign or coasting trade, with their names
on the ship's register at the time of election, and under fifty
years of age. The entrance fee three guineas, and annual
subscription, £l. 6s., increasing according to age. The sub-
scription of two guineas, at the least, at one time, or one
guinea annual, constitutes an honorary member.
Treasurer, George Scovell, Esq. — Chairman, Thomas Dare, Esq,
— Secretary, Mr. George J. Sharp, 49, Gracechurch-street.
268
LAW ASSOCIATION, CllKntHlllB A.D. 1817
United Service BenevolerU Institution, lately held at 76a,
Basinghall-street, is represented by the Secretary as having
suspended its operations. Communications may still be ad-
dressed to Henry Tommey, jun., Esq., Honorary Secretary,
Gresham Rooms, Basinghall-street.
ROYAL NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLEMENTAL
FUND SOCIETY, 14, Great George-street, Westminster.
Is connected with the Royal Naval College at Portsmouth.
For granting an additional pension to the widows of medical
officers in her Majesty's navy.
President, John Parker, Esq. — Treasurers, Messrs. Hallett and
Robinson, 14, Great George-street, Westminster. — Secretary,
John Whitmarsh, Esq.
LA WASSOCIA TION. Held at the office of Incorporated
Law Society, Chancery-lane. Instituted 1817. Consists of
attorneys and solicitors residing and practising in the me-
tropolis, or within the bills of mortality, with the following
objects : — To grant relief to the widow and children, or other
dependant relatives, of any member dying in distressed cir-
cumstances, either by an annual payment, or, with a view
to an establishment in business or employment, a sum of
money in lieu thereof. To promote the interests of such, by
patronage and recommendation. To allow assistance to any
member who may be involved in pecuniary difficulties, in
consequence of inability to conduct his business, or other
involuntary calamity. And, occasionally, to grant assistance
to the families of professional men, not being members ; the
amount devoted to which purpose l3eing determined upon at
a general court for a year ensuing, according to the state of
the funds : last year the amount of this vote was .£160. The
income of the society averages £1,300 per annum ; derived,
half from dividends (stock now amounting to £20,000), and
half from subscriptions. The amount expended in relief,
£1,100 per annum, and the expenses, ;£140. The whole
appears excellently well managed ; and as a benefit fund,
much may be learnt from it by those that consider them-
selves by their constitution prevented from affording chari-
table assistance to the distresses of non-members : this,
although a limited, is a very gratifying feature.
Two guineas per annum, or donation of twenty guineas at
one time, constitutes a member. Applications for relief to
be sent to the secretary, of whom proper forms may be had.
269
UNITED LAW CLERKS' ^niffit ^^IirijtiBS. ASSOC. A.D. 1832
President, Lord Lyndhurst. — Treasurers, George Herbert Kin-
derley, Esq. ; Augustus Warren, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. J. Murray,
7, Whitehall. — Collector, Mr. Thomas Pemeller, 20, Hemingford-
villas, Islington.
UNITED LAW CLERKS' SOCIETY, 119, Chancery-
lane. Established 1832, as a general benefit fund ; render-
ing assistance, in sickness, to the extent of one guinea per
week ; during inability to earn the means of subsistence
through age or infirmity, from 10s. to 14s. a-week ; and on
the death of a member or a member's wife, from £25 to .£50.
Also a casual fund, to afford assistance, by loans and gifts,
to law clerks, whether members or not, and their widows
and families in temporary distress ; to procure situations
for law clerks generally, and to provide the profession with
efficient and respectable clerks; and to form a library of
useful legal works. Meetings of the committee, the first
Monday in every month, at Freemasons' Tavern, Great
Queen-street.
In all its essential features this fund is similar to the last
mentioned, and is supported by donations from the profes-
sion and payments of members, varying from 3s. to 5s.
a-month, and entrance, according to age. The amount ex-
pended last year in assisting members, non-members, their
wives and families, was £1,329. The present amount of
funded property is nearly £12,000.
Patron, the Lord Chancellor and Lord Lyndhurst. — Treasurer,
Mr. J. C. Worman, 29, Felix-terrace, Islington. — Secretary, Mr. H.
G. Rogers, 9, Liverpool-street, Walworth. — Collector and Re-
gistrar of Situations, Mr. L. Laidman, 119, Chancery-lane.
THE LAW WRITERS' PROVIDENT INSTITU-
TION, 14, Serle's-place, Lincoln's-inn, is represented as
strictly of a private character, for the benefit of members
only, and its support confined to them. Secretary, Mr.
Thomas Peters, 14, Serle's-place, Lincoln's-inn.
THE PROVIDENT CLERKS' BENEVOLENT AS-
SOCIATION, A%Mooxg&tQ-&iiQQt. Established 1840. Con-
sists of a benevolent fund attached to " The Mutual Benefit
Association,"! for granting pensions, and affording relief to
^ Apart from the Benevolent Fund, the association is merely an insur-
ance office for securing a provision in old age, and at death ; endowment
for children, &c. One third of the net profits is devoted to the Benevo-
lent Fund. Vide note ante, page 255.
270
WIDOWS <fe ORPHANS OF Cjlflritfllllf MEDICAL MEN, A.D, 1788
afflicted and distressed clerks, their wives and families. By
effecting an assurance with the association, it entitles the
assurer, without any further payment, to the advantages
both of the benefit department and benevolent fund ; or a
subscription of one guinea annually constitutes a member
not assuring. Three clerks, and seven widows of clerks, are
at present annuitants, receiving each from £15 to jG25
annually.
Chairman, Richard Henry Jones, Esq. — Treasurer, John Abel
Smith, M.P.
SOCIETY FOR RELIEF OF WIDOWS AND OR.
PHANS OF MEDICAL MEN in London and its Vici-
nity, A2, Half-moon-street. Instituted 1788. For the benefit
of the widows and orphans of members only} All physicians,
surgeons, and apothecaries residing within seven miles of
the Royal Exchange, and in any part of the county of Mid-
dlesex, are eligible to be elected members of the society.
Life subscribers pay twenty guineas ; annual subscribers
two guineas as entrance money, and two guineas a-year for
twenty years.
Widows of members, without children, who have a less
annual income than £50 ; widows who have children under
fourteen years of age, and who have not £50 a-year for
themselves, and £12 a-year also for each child, are, as well
as their children, eligible to receive assistance : also orphans
under fourteen years of age, who have not £25 a-year.
Widows, at present, have an allowance of £35 a-year,
children £12 a-year each, and orphans £25 a-year. Orphans
above fourteen years of age also receive assistance, if through
mental or bodily infirmity they are incapacitated to assist
themselves.
The funds are in a most prosperous condition, the amount
invested being nearly £50,000, and the annual income con-
tinuing to exceed the calls upon it. Last year the former
amounted to £2,500 (£1,700 from dividends), and the latter
only to £1,408, inclusive, it is but right to add, of the
moderate amount for expenses of £141.
President, Sir Charles Mansfield Clarke, M.D., Bart. — Trea-
surer, Dr. S. W. J. Merriman. — Trustees, Dr. Southey ; Dr.
^ The institution that used to afford assistance to the distressed of the
profession generally, was the " Medical Benevolent Society", established
in 1816, but now defunct.
271
booksellers' IJrnrfit |»Ilrittil!S. provident, a.d.1837
Turner ; A. Stone, Esq. — Secretary, Charles R. Walsh, Esq., 43,
Half Moon-street. — Collector, Mr. Joseph White, 68, liunb's
Conduit-street. — Bankers, Messrs. Vere and Co.
BOOKSELLERS' PROVIDENT INSTITUTION,
60, Paternoster-row. Established 1837. A fund for the
benefit of members only, and their widows and children,
when in necessitous circumstances.
A person eligible to be a member must be under fifty
years of age, have kept a shop or warehouse for twelve
months, or been assistant two years immediately preceding
application for membership, one year in the same employ ;
he must be proposed by two members ; sign a form of decla-
ration as to age, state of health, (fcc; and be balloted for:
and when so qualified and approved, a subscription of two
guineas annually, or twenty guineas at one time, constitutes
him member. If above thirty years of age at the time of
admission, he will have to pay a fine to the institution,
according to age.
No member is eligible for permanent relief until he has
attained the age of fifty-five years, the assistance in no case
to exceed £50 a-year. No member is eligible to receive
temporary relief until he has been a member three years,
and such assistance must not exceed 30s. per week.
The meetings of the committee are held at 60, Patemoster-
row, on the third Thursday in each month, at seven o'clock.
The funds are in a very prosperous condition, the amount
of funded property, now nearly £20,000, being annually
added to, as the dividends and annual contributions far
exceed the amount disbursed. The disbursements for manage-
ment expenses likewise, are less, perhaps, than any other
kindred institution : last year under £10.
The Booksellers' Provident Retreat, was commenced 1843 ;
for affording a comfortable habitation for such aged reci-
pients of annuities from the institution as require such a
residence : the Retreat forms an elegant structure, of the
Elizabethan style, situated close to the King's Langley
Station, on the Birmingham RaQway, upon ground presented
to the committee by John Dickinson, Esq., and in every
respect stands a fit model for such buildings. The archi-
tect was Mr. W. H. Cooper. There is commodious accom-
modation for seven inmates, and capable of considerable
extension, when found requisite. The first stone was laid
272
booksellers' PROVIDENT ClfSritElllB RETREAT, A.D. 1843
in September 1845, and the building opened in July 1846.
The prosperity of the " retreat" is fostered by the directors
of the parent fund, to which it is a valuable accession, but
the management is quite distinct, and under another com-
mittee.
President, James Nisbet, Esq. — Treasurer, Thomas Brown,
Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Co. — Hon. Secretary,
W. Meyrick, Esq., 16, Parliament-street. — Honorary Medical
Officers : Dr. Darling, Russell-square ; A. M. M'Whinnie, Esq.,
6, Crescent, Bridge-street ; Dr. A. P. Stewart, 74, Grosvenor-
street.
Chairman of the Retreat Committee, Edmund Hodgson, Esq.
Honorary Secretary to the Retreat, Mr. S. Ives.
It would appear very desirable that Funds of this nature,
especially instancing the two last mentioned (the Medical
and the Booksellers') as of a high character and propor-
tionate finances, should be rendered a little more serviceable
to the distressed at large, of their various trades and pro-
fessions respectively ; that a discretionary power should be
held by the committees to afford relief, if only of a secondary
or temporary kind, in special cases of need and desert,
amongst those, who, from improvidence, or, it may be, from
inability throughout, have never become members of the
Fund. Often is it, that the very prerequisites to mem-
bership preclude those from joining who otherwise would
wish to have done so ; and these restrictions are without
doubt, well ; but surely such should not be entirely debarred
from benefit of the relief when distress comes upon them.
Charity certainly forbids it, if not justice ; for the great dif-
ference between no relief — and ^50 a-year for life, is more
than is warranted by the claim of a mere contribution of two
guineas annually. The worst effect that can result from
such a measure of liberality is a slight decrease in the
amount awarded to members ; as, after all, it is not much
we are stipulating for, — not so much the amount as it is the
spirit : £200 per annum, or less, would go far in relieving
such cases as might be selected. The Law Association sets
the example in this respect ; and many other funds, it will
be seen, go farther still, and make general relief a funda-
mental purpose.' In fact, to oppose all admixture of charity
in the distribution of such funds, can only be attributed to
an 02?er-provident feeling, amounting almost to selfishness.
^ Vide Pawnbrokers' Charitable Fund, and others.
273
VIRTUOSI, A.D. 1842 JJrnffit |)DrirtiB3. stationers', A.D. 1840
The remaining Provident and Professional Benefit Funds
on our list, are so numerous, that we are reluctantly obliged
in many cases to abridge the notice ; a matter, however, to
be the less regretted, inasmuch as the details of their ma-
nagement have been developed in others more fully de-
scribed : and it seems preferable to exhibit as perfect a
summary of all the funds that can be ascertained, than to
occupy space with unnecessary repetitions of particulars.
VIRTUOSI PROVIDENT FUND, and Dealers in the
Fine Arts' Benevolent Institution, 12, Great Newport-street.
Established 1842. For the assistance of members, their
widows and children. Consisting of masters in the above
trade, who shall have kept shop, showroom, or gallery, prin-
cipally for the sale of works of art, for three years ; assist-
ants of six years standing. The immediate purpose is to
raise the present fund of £700, to £1,000; before which,
no relief can be granted. The subscription consists of one
guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation.
Treasurer, W. Smith, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. R. C.
Lambe, Gracechurch-street. — Assistant Secretary, Air. H. Rodd,
Great Newport-street. — Bankers, London and Westminster Bank.
— Collector, Mr. Duncan Rymer, Princes-street, Soho.
STATIONERS' and PAPER MANUFACTURERS'
Provident Society, Gerard's Hall, Basing-lane. Established
1840. For the assistance of members only, being stationers,
stationers' assistants, paper manufacturers, theii- clerks, fore-
men, and such others connected with the stationery trade as
the committee think proper, and their widows and orphans,
when in necessitous circumstances.
Two guineas annually, or 20 guineas at one time, from
such persons under twenty-five, constitutes a member, and
above that age, on payment of an entrance fee. In their
last report, the committee congratulate the members upon
the completion of the funded amount they have been aiming
at, viz., £10,000. The assistance granted will now consist of
pensions not exceeding twenty-five guineas per annum to
applicants above sixty, and of twenty shillings a-week to
those requiring casual relief.
President, John Dickinson, Esq. — Treasurer, Alderman Sir
William Magnay, Bart. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. Charles Gardi-
ner, 10, Old Jewry-chambers — Collector, Mr. W. J. C. Bowles,
77, Cannon-street, City.
18
274
bookbinders' CjiaritalilB ani l^rniiikirt and pbintebs'.
BOOKBINDERS' Pension Society, Mechanics' Institute,
22, Southampton Buildings. Established 1830. For the
benefit of members only, reduced to indigence by old age
or infirmity, or their widows. The present number of pen-
sioners is nineteen, receiving conjointly the sum of £'320
annually. Five shillings per annum constitutes a member,
entitled to one vote for every such amount.
Bookbinders' Provident Asylum Society. Established 1839.
Is under the management of the same committee and oflBcers
as the Pension Society. Candidates, to be elected inmates of
the asylum, must have worked at the business ten years, and
have subscribed to the funds one pound, and be in the weekly
receipt of from two shillings and sixpence to fifteen shillings.
Subscribers have one vote at elections for every five shillings.
President the Duke of Bedford. — Bankers, Messrs. Williams,
Deacon, and Co. — Treasurer, James Smith, Jun., Esq. — Secre-
tary and Collector, Mr. James England.
VELLVM BINDERS' and MACHINE RULERS'
Pension Society. Established 1842. Is likewise held at the
Mechanics' Institution. For the benefit of members who
may be rendered incapable of following their employment,
from old age or other bodily infirmity, and their widows.
At present, the whole amount of funds is under .£1,000.
The relief afforded is limited to one pensioner, at ^18 per
annum. Five shillings annually constitutes a member ; two
guineas at one time a life member, who have one vote for
every such subscription.
Treasurer, John Smith, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. E. Yarranton,
16, New Compton-street, Soho. — Collector, Mr. W. J. Gilbert,
6, Great Smith-street, Westmmster.
PRINTERS' Pension Society, London Tavern, Bishops-
gate Street. Established 1827. The object of this Society
is to relieve aged and infirm workmen in the several
branches of the printing business,^ and their widows, by
granting a pension of £14 per annum to the men, and £9
per annum to the women.
■* A meeting of compositors connected with the morning paper press
generally, has recently been held, for the purpose of considering " pro-
jwsals for the establishment of a Typographical Widow and Orphan
Fund," Mr. Hartnell in the chair ; and a provisional committee appointed
, for the purpose of carrying out the objects.
The Newspaper Press Benevolent Fund is now broken up.
275
PKINTEES' AND ^BHpfit i^DrijtiES. NEWSVENDORS'.
The annual subscription is 5s, which entitles the subscriber
to one vote at all elections, and an extra vote for every 5s.
The payment of 2 guineas at one time constitutes a life sub-
scriber with one vote, and every 5 guineas entitles to three
votes.
Printers' Almshouses, Woodgreen, Tottenham^ Middlesex,
nearly adjoining the Fishmongers' and Poulterers' Insti-
tution. First stone laid by Lord Mahon, June 1849. Esta-
blished chiefly by the journeymen, aided by the master
printers ; the main front (at present all contracted for) has
just been opened, and is for the reception of twelve inmates
and their wives ; the proposed age for admission is 60 years,
but an alteration is contemplated.
Subscribers have one vote for each annual contribution of
5s.; the immediate object of the committee is to obtain an
endowment fund, and for this they are now appealing. The
whole amount of the building fund collected (in 7 years) to
the present time is ,£2000, half of which remains for build-
ing expenses.
Treasurer, Richard Taylor, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Rogers,
Olding, and Co. — Secretary, Mr. J. S. Hodson, 2, Clifford's-inn-
passage, Fleet- street.
Separate Officers for the Almshouses are : Bankers, Messrs.
Praed and Co., Fleet-street. — Secretary, Mr. J. Darkin, 2,
Cloudesley-street, Islington.
NEWSVENDERS' Benevolent and Provident Institu-
tion, 7, St. John's Square. Established 1839, for granting
temporary relief and permanent assistance of masters and
servants engaged as venders of newspapers, who, from age,
infirmity, or distress, may require the aid of the benevolent.
Candidates for permanent relief must be above fifty years of
age, have subscribed for five years to the fund, and not be
in receipt of 16s. a week. Temporary relief, it is gratify-
ing to see, will be afforded, when the funds will permit,
to non-subscribers, provided they have been in the business
ten years. The present amount of funds does not exceed
£1000, and the annual income is under £100.
Three guineas at one time, or 5s. annually, constitutes a
member, with the privilege of one vote for every such sub-
scription.
President, James Harmer, Esq. — Treasurer, Mr. Thomas Mer-
276
THEATRICAL CjiaiMk flllil ^rnflitolt rUMDS,1765-1839
rett, 7, St. John's-square. — Bankers, Messrs. Gosling and Co. —
Secretary, Mr. E. W. Cole, 41, DevereU-street, New Kent-road.
CO VENT GARDEN THEA TEICALFUNJD,2,Vimces
Place, Covent Garden Theatre. Instituted 1765. Con-
firmed by Parliament 1776. For the support of such per-
formers only of the Theatre Royal Covent Garden, as are
members of the fund, and who, through age, infirmity, or acci-
dent, are obliged to retire from the stage ; also the widows
and children of such. Performers cannot become members
tmtil they have passed a certain number of years at the
theatre. The amount of members' payment was originally
fixed in proportion to the salary received ; but now it is
understood to have " no reference to their position in Covent
Garden"; the number of members and extent of charity
generally appears very limited, and, at the present time,
partakes more of a private provident fund. The cash state-
ment is not published.
Honorary Physician, John Forbes, M.D. — Honorary Solicitor,
W. D. Haverfield, Esq. — Treasurer, G. Bartley, Esq. — Secretary,
Mr. Drinkwater Meadows, Michael's Grove, Brompton.
DRURY LANE THEATRICAL FUND, Office, Stage
Door, Drury-lane Theatre. Founded 1776. Incorporated
1777. Established by the late David Garrick, is for the re-
lief and support of such aged and decayed persons belonging
to Her Majesty's Company of Comedians in the Theatre
Royal, Drury-lane, as are members of the fund, their widows
and children. It is managed by a master and directors.
President, the Duke of Cambridge. — Master and Treasurer, Mr.
J. P. Harley. — Directors, Messrs. C. Kean, J. P. Harley, and others.
— Bankers, Messrs. Hoare,rieet-st.— Secretary, Mr. W. Bennett.
THE GENERAL THEATRICAL FUND Association,
English Opera House. Established 1839. For the relief
of its members in sickness and old age, their widows,
orphans, or nominees. Persons eligible for membership
must have practised for five years in one or more of the
theatres in the list of the society, the art of dancing, sing-
ing, or acting. The subscriptions are of three classes, vary-
ing in amount according to age ; the relief and pensions
granted depend on the class the pensioner subscribed to. No
relief is granted until such person has belonged to the
society seven years, funeral expenses, and return of half
payments to npminees, widows, and orphans alone excepted.
277
dancers', a.d. 1842. ^jBHtilt ^dlrictiM. organ builders'.
Donors of £10, and subscribers of £1, are considered
honorary members. The amount of funded property is
about £5,000, and annual income £750, derived from divi-
dends, members' payments, and about £170 from voluntary
contributions.
Trustees: Charles Dickens^ Esq.; B. B. Cabbell, Esq. — Trea-
surer, J. B. Buckstone, Esq. — Honorary Physician, Dr. Roberts,
Bridge-street, Blackfriars. — Secretary, Mr. W. Cullenford.
DANCERS'" Provident Society, 96, St. Martin's-lane.
Established 1843. For the benefit of its own members only,
who must have practised either as public dancers or private
teachers for the term of seven years, and borneagood character.
Such members to pay stated admission fee, according to
age, and an annual amount of as many shillings as they are
years old at the time of election. The relief afforded to be
in accordance with circumstances of the member requiring,
and state of the funds. The permanent pension to average
£25. The secretary and all office expenses met by an annual
extra amount of 6s. from each member. One guinea annual
constitutes an honorary member.
President, Sir Charles Shakerley. — Chairman of Committee,
Mr. James Bym. — Treasurer, William Delferier, Esq. — Secretary,
Mr. Law.
OROAN BUILDERS'' Benevolent Institution^ Lisson-
grove, South. Established 1842. For the relief of the dis-
tress of poor, aged, and infirm persons, of good character,
who have been occupied in any of the branches of organ
building, during a continued period of not less than two
years, and likewise to afford relief to their widows, with an
increased benefit to such as may have been members.
Ten guineas at one time, or one guinea annually, consti-
tutes a vice-president, with four votes at all elections ; half
that amount, a governor, with two votes ; and a fourth, a
subscriber, with one vote.
Applicants for the pension must be above fifty-five years
of age, have subscribed to the funds for at least five years,
and not in the receipt of 12s. per week ; or in case of
widows, 8s. ; the former to receive £15, the latter £12, per
annum, with an additional 12s. 6d. per annum for each pay-
ment of 5s., being made double, treble, etc. for every period
of five years that such payment has been made.
Patron, Earl of Cawdor. — President, J. C. Bishop, Esq., Lisson
278
•WATCH makers', CjIflrittllllB an^ ^rnili&EIlt goldsmiths', «kc.
Grove South. — Treasurer and Secretary, Mr. Edmond Woods, 94,
Liliington-street, Belgrave-road.
WATCH and CLOCK-MAKERS' Benevolent Institu-
tion, 5, Green-terrace, Clerkenwell. Established 1815. For
the relief of aged workmen, unable to support themselves,
by an annual pension of ten guineas, and their widows by
a pension of six guineas. No one can be admitted a candi-
date under the age of sixty years, cases of total incapacity
only excepted.
Every person who subscribes one guinea a-year is a go-
vernor, and a donation of ten guineas constitutes a governor
for life.
Treasurer, William Cozens, Esq., 10, Bunhill-row. — Honorary
Secretary, Mr. William Webb, 6, Green-terrace, Clerkenwell.
GOLDSMITHS'' Benevolent Institution, 27, Hatton-
garden. Established 1833. For the relief of the distress of
poor, aged, or infirm persons, of good character, occupied in
any of the branches of the goldsmiths' or jewellery business,
during a continued period of not less than seven years,
whether members of the fund or not, and their widows.
Ten guineas at one payment, or one guinea annually, con-
stitutes a governor, who has four votes, and the same in
proportion for less sums, as low as 5s. annually.
The amount of pensions granted are similar to those of
the Organ-builders' Society, increasing in like manner to
such as have been members. Annual income, ,£650, and
amount of funded property, ^£2,300.
President, John Wm. Thomas, Esq. — Treasurer, J. H. Wather-
ston, Esq.— -Secretary, Mr. Edward Barton, 27, Hatton Garden.
SILVER TRADE Pension Society, Queen's Arms Tavern,
Newgate-street. Established 1836. For the relief of de-
cayed members of the silver trade, including traders, work
men, clerks, and shopmen, or any connected with the trade, who
have been employed as such for a continued period of seven
years, and their widows. Candidates for the pension must
be above fifty-five years of age when elected. The annuity
is twelve guineas to males, and eight to females, with an
addition of ten per cent, on the amount they may have sub-
scribed. The present number of annuitants is ten ; the
annual income ^£175, and the amount of funded property
under ;£1,000.
279
METAL trades'. ^Pnflit /^DrijtlPH. BRASSFOUNDEEs'.
An annual subscription of 5s. constitutes a subscriber ;
and two guineas paid at any one time, a life subscriber.
Treasurer, G. C. Glynn, Esq.— Secretary, Mr. E. Higgins, 14,
Half- Moon-street, White Conduit-fields. — Collector, Mr. William
Easterbrook, 52, Whiskin-street, ClerkenweU.
IRON, HARDWARE, & METAL TRADES' Pensimi
Society, &7, Upper Thames- street ; established 1843 ; for the
purpose of granting permanent relief to deserving and neces-
sitous members of the trades and their widows, by pensions
or otherwise. Applicants for the pensions must be recom-
mended by two subscribers, fill up the required form (to be
obtained of the Secretary), and be approved of by the com-
mittee. Such candidates as may have been members of this
society, or their widows, have the benefit of ten votes added
to their poll for every guinea they may have subscribed, pro-
vided not paid for that immediate object. The pensions are
granted at the discretion of the committee, but not to exceed
25 guineas per annum. Present number of pensioners, 25.
The annual income is nearly £1,000, derived, all but ^£96,
from voluntary contributions. The amount of funded pro-
perty is £4500. Ten guineas in one sum, or one guinea annual,
entitles to two votes, and two others for every additional five
guineas ; twenty guineas render eligible for Vice-President.
President, W. Thompson, Esq., Aid., M.P. — Treasurer, Thomas
B. Simpson, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. Thomas Hawkins,
67, Upper Thames-street. — Honorary Solicitor, R. G. Matthews,
Esq., 1, Bury Court, St. Mary Axe.
BRASSFOUNDERS', BRAZIERS, and Coppermiiths''
Pension Institution, 8, Shoe-lane; established 1831 ; for the
benefit of members of the above trades generally, whether
traders, workmen, clerks, or shopmen. Candidates for the
pension must be at least sixty years of age, not in the receipt
of more than \2s. per week, and have been in the trade seven
years ; if clerks or shopmen, must have subscribed to the fund
seven years. The amount of pensions are, to males £12 per
annum, and to females £8 per annum, with 10 per cent in
addition on the amount they may have subscribed. Six
shillings annually, or .£3 in one payment, constitutes a mem-
ber, with one vote for every such subscription.
Trustees : the Treasurer, Mr. W. Devey, 8, Shoe-lane ; Mr.
Thomas Mears, Canterbury ; and Mr. David Boolbyer, Stanhope-
street, Claremarket. — Secretary and Collector, Mr. W. Handley,
2, Windsor-place, City-road.
280
pawnbrokers', Cjiaritalib m^ j^rn ciknt a.d.i823
PAWNBROKERS' CharitaUe Imtitution, 40, Duke-
street, Manchester-square ; founded 1823 ;^ for the tempo-
rary relief of distressed pawnbrokers, or their journeymen,
their widows and children, and the granting of pen-
sions in old age, preference being given to those who have
been members of the fund. One guinea annually, or 10s. Qd.
from journeymen, entitles to recommend objects for tempo-
rary relief, and to one x'ote for each pensioner to be elected.
The committee meet on the first Thursday in every month,
at eleven o'clock. At the present time only one pensioner
is on the funds, receiving ,£20 annually, and twenty-three
receiving casual relief. The annual income is about ,£400,
of which £265 is distributed in relief. The amount of
funded property is £3,500. Printed forms of petition may
be obtained of the treasurer, secretary, or any governor, and
when filled up, must be forwarded to the secretary ten days
before the meeeting.
The Almshouses, erecting by means of a building fund
attached to this society, are nearly ready for the inmates :
the building is a very substantial one, in the Elizabethan
style, situated at West Ham, at a cost of £4,000.
Treasurer, Mr. John Thomas Neate. — Honorary Secretary, Mr.
W. A. Hows. — Collector and Assistant Secretary, Mr. Parr, 22,
Bridge-street, Southwark.
FURNITURE BROKERS' Benevolent Institution, 101,
Wardour-street ; established 1839 ; for the relief of decayed
and distressed furniture brokers, and the widows and orphan
children of members of the institution, being members of the
trade. The committee meet at the treasurer's, every last Tues-
day in each second month. Applicants for pension must have
the recommendation of four subscribers. Candidates must
either have kept a shop ten years in the trade, or been a member
of the society three years and kept a shop five years, and be
incapacitated from work or above fifty years of age ; widows
above forty-five, and children under fourteen. Ten guineas
donation and upwards entitles to two votes at all elections
of candidates ; five guineas at one time, or one guinea annual,
to one vote.
Treasurer, Mr. James "Winter, 101, "Wardour-street. — Bankers,
1 Stated to be the first of the trade funds established for the general
benefit of all members of such trade.
281
grocers', a.d. 1837. 'Btllpftt I^IirittifS. butchers', a.d. 1828
London and Westminster Bank. — Secretary and Collector, Mr.
Daniel Buckle, jun., 4, Upper Baker-street, Pentonville.
GROCERS and TEA-DEALERS' Benevolent Protection
Society, 29, St. Swithin's-lane ; established 1837; for grant-
ing permanent annuities to the decayed members of the tea
and grocery trade, East and West India merchants, brokers,
sugar refiners, and importers of, and dealers in, colonial or
other foreign produce, whose principal business is connected
with the trade of a grocer and tea-dealer, and their widows.
Persons who have carried on such business within twelve
miles of London, for seven years, in an honourable manner,
are eligible for its benefits. Elections of pensioners take
place in January and July. Pensions vary in amount, from
£18 to £24 females, and from £24 to £30 males. Such as
have been members of the society receive the larger amount.
The number of pensioners on the funds varies from thirty to
forty, at an annual amount of from £700 to £800. The
amount of annual income is nearly £1,800 ; £378 derived
from dividends, and the remainder from subscriptions. The
funded property exceeds £12,000.
President, Henry Kemble, Esq. — Treasurers : Edward Abso-
lom, Esq.; James Peek, Esq.; John Townend, Esq.; — Honorary
Secretaries : Mr. C. B. Kelham, Mr. William H. Partridge, Mr.
George Ashley. — Acting Secretary, Mr. George Garraway ; Office,
29, St. Swithin's-lane.
BUTCHERS'' Charitable Institution, 4, Dyers'-buUdings,
Holborn ; founded 1828 ; for affording relief to distressed
master-butchers, and salesmen, etc., and their widows and
children. The annual allowance to male pensioners is to the
extent of twenty guineas, to widows fifteen guineas, and a
further allowance in proportion to the number of their chil-
dren. The present number of pensioners is forty-four, receiv-
ing in the aggregate about £900. The amount of annual
income is nearly £1,700 ; viz., £1,382 from contributions,
and £299 from dividends. The funded property exceeds
£10,000. One guinea annual, or ten guineas at one time, con-
stitutes a governor, entitled to one vote at all elections for
candidates ; votes polled for unsuccessful candidates are
accumulative. Members of this fund ever requiring its aid,
and becoming candidates, have the privilege of one vote
being added to their poll, for every guinea they may have
contributed.
282
cHEESEMONGERs'.cttaritalii i! aiiii ^rnttiknt fishmo ngers'.
The Almshouses, at Walham-green, Fulham, attached to
this society, are for pensioners only, who have the addition
of one cwt. of coals weekly : the election of them is vested in
the donors and subscribers to the building fund.
President, John Sharp, Esq., 3, Alpha-cottage, Saint John's-
wood. — Treasurer, Francis Healey, Esq., Euston-grove, Euston-
square. — Bankers, Sir Claude Scott and Co., Cavendish-square.
— Secretary, Mr. James Ness, 4, Dyer's-buildings, Holbom. —
Collectors, Mr. Benjamin Hill, 7, Oxford-market ; Mr. George
Butler, 19, Saint John-street, Clerkenwell.
CHEESEMONGERS' Benevolent Institution, 8, Bath-
street, Newgate- street ; established 1835 ; for the relief
of necessitous master-cheesemongers and their widows,
by granting pensions of £24 to males, and £16 to females.
Thirty-one pensioners are receiving relief, to the amount
of £600 per annum. The annual income is about £700
per annum, and the funded property now amounts to
£7,010. One guinea constitutes an annual subscriber, and
ten guineas a life subscriber ; each subscriber to be entitled
to one vote at all elections.
President, Joseph Anderson, Esq. — Treasurer, R. Davies, Esq.
— Secretary, Mr. George Simpson, 8, Bath-street, Newgate-street.
— Collector, Mr. Samuel Abbot.
FISHMONGERS' and POULTERERS' Imtitution,
124, Lower Thames-street. Instituted 1835. One of the
primary objects for which the institution was established,
has been, to a certain extent, accomplished, namely, the
completion, and partial occupation, of an asylum for the
aged. This has, however, so impaired the funds, as to leave
a debt of some amount, in connexion with the building,
unliquidated, and to limit the immediate usefulness of the
charity. The asylum is situated at Wood Green. The other
purposes are, to afford occasional and permanent relief to
aged and infirm persons engaged in the fish or poultry trades,
and their wives or widows ; also, occasional relief to their
necessitous orphans.
The total number of cases relieved has been nineteen, but
the annual amount at present distributed, is necessarily
limited to about £60 ; the amount of income is but £500,
the which, at present, is absorbed by the expenses of the
asylum. There is no funded property.
A subscription of 10s. 6d. per annum constitutes a mem-
283
HOTEL KEEPERS. ^BBIIpftt ^00^1515, LICENSED VICTUALLERS
ber, and entitles to one vote ; a donation of three guineas
equivalent.
President, M. Wolverley Attwood, Esq. — Treasurer, Mr.
Christopher Grove, 150, New Bond-street. — Honorary Secretaries,
Mr. Robert Milestone, Swallow-place, Regent-street (Fish Trade) ;
Mr. John Surman, Leadenhall-market (Poultry Trade). — Secretary
and Collector, Mr. D. S. Recknell, 126, Lower Thames-street.
HOTEL and TA VERN KEEPERS' Provident Insti-
tution, for the relief of necessitous and aged members, Cra-
ven Hotel, Craven-street, Strand. Established 1839, This
society assists members only, constituted either by an annual
subscription of one guinea, or an equivalent donation of ten
guineas ; the same subscription constituting honorary mem-
bers, with a vote at all meetings.
The annual income amounts to £41 7 ; and the expendi-
ture, £410, including £272 distributed, in various sums, to
twenty-eight aged and necessitous members.
President, Mr. Thomas Ellis, St. James's-street, Pall Mall. —
Treasurer, Mr. Thomas M. Bacon, Freemason's Tavern, Great
Queen-street. — Honorary Secretary, Lieutenant S. E. Tapster,
Craven Hotel. — Assistant Secretary, Mr. G. W. Newborn, Craven
Hotel, Craven-street, Strand.
PERMANENT FUND of the Society of LICENSED
VICTD'ALLERS,l27,¥leet-stTeet. Established 1794; in-
corporated 1836. Grants weekly allowances, at the present
time, to 295 persons, amounting, in the aggregate, to £3,978
per annum ; the amount distributed in this manner, since the
society's establishment, is no less a sum than ^125,000.^
For the Licensed Victuallers' Asylum, see page 229 ; and
School, Chapter xiv.
Governor, Mr. Jones, St. John-street, Smithfield. — Secretary,
Mr. William Smalley.
AGED and INFIRM JOURNEYMEN TAILORS
(Benevolent Institution for the Relief of). Office, 32, Sack-
ville-street ; Asylum, Haverstock-hill, Established 1837.
^ Ditto for the maintenance and education of children in the School,
.£20,163. Ditto from subscription fund for ditto, ^123,991. Ditto from
charity box, £5,420. Total amount distributed, £275,000. This fund
is derived mainly from the licensed victuallers' newspaper, the Morning
Advertiser. Members of the fund have to pay an admission fee of three
guineas, and take in the newspaper daily, so long as they remain in the
business, and upon giving up business to pay 22s. per annum in lieu thereof.
284
TAILORS'. Cjiaritalik Knb: jprnniknt linendrapers'.
Consisting of funds for the relief of members only, and an
asylum for the reception of pensioners. Members eligible
for relief are journeymen, foremen, and porters, having been
journeymen and members for three years, being incapaci-
tated from work by age, debility, or blindness. Application
for relief to be made by letter to the secretary. No journey-
man can become a member as eligible to future relief if
more than thirty-five years of age. Subscriptions of 7s. per
annum from journeymen, or one guinea annual from other
members, entitle to five votes at all elections.
The asylum at Haverstock-hill affords accommodation
for forty pensioners, and their wives. An infirmary, and
a neat well-built chapel, with an endowment by the pre-
sident for a chaplain, have been added to the building.
Each inmate receives £20 16s. per annum, with coals and
medical attendance. The annual income is about £2,500,
derived from £800 dividends, and the remainder voluntary
contributions. The amount distributed according to the
objects is £1,474, and for management expenses £239.
Present amount of funded property, £13,474.
Honorary Physician, Dr. Baly, Spring-gardens. — Honorary
Surgeons, Miles Murley, Esq., Cork-street ; H. Bird, Esq.,
Hampstead-road. — Chaplain, the Rev. John Baines, A.M. —
Bankers, Sir Claude Scott, Bart., and Co. — Secretary, Mr. H. H.
Hall, 32, Sackville-street.
LINEN DRAPERS', SILK MERCERS', LaceimrCs,
Haberdashers', and Hosiers' Institution^ 24, Surrey-street,
Strand; instituted 1831 ; for relieving members only, in sick-
ness and destitution. Supported by honorary and life sub-
scribers often guineasand upwards, at one time, or one guinea
annually ; persons above 25 pay increased amounts. The funds
of this institution are in a most prosperous state, having re-
alized a funded amount of £31,000. In 1848, nearly £1,100
was expended in relieving upwards of fifty cases, exclusive
of medical attendance, and last year (1849), the amount in-
creased. In nine cases £40 per annum were awarded. The
management expenses appear, however, to be heavy, the
item for last year being above £600, most probably the
result of some special proceedings.
President, John Pearce, Esq. — Chairman, P. Palmer, Esq. —
Secretary, Mr. George Brace, 24, Surrey-street, Strand. — Collec-
tor, Mr. Robinson, Budge-row, Cannon-street.
285
BOOTMAKERS. ^tllpftt ^nnBtlBS. TRAVELLERS'.
MASTER BOOT and SHOE-MAKERS\ Benevolent
Institution, 77, Cannon-street, City. Established 1836.
For affording relief, by way of annuity, to aged mem-
bers, their widows, and orphans. Any person carrying on
the boot and shoe business as a bespoke-master, wholesale
manufacturer, agent, or retail salesman, at the time of com-
mencing his subscription, is eligible as a member.
Subscriptions, annual, one guinea ; life, ten guineas.
Time of election of members, second Monday in January.
Candidates must have attained the age of fifty-six years ;
if females, the age of fifty years ; the former receiving £30
per annum, the latter £20 ; and each orphan (duly elected)
£20, until fourteen years of age, and a fee on being appren-
ticed.
The funded property is nearly £6,000, including the
building fund. An asylum has recently been erected, which
is just ready for the reception of inmates, at Mortlake, in
Surrey. The annual amount of present annuities is about
£150.
President, Robert Saylor, Esq. — Treasurer, Mr. William Berrall,
Marylebone-lane. — Secretary, Mr. J. C. Bowles, 77, Cannon-st.
COMMERCIAL TRA VELLERS' Society, 38, Ludgate-
hill. Established 1800. For the relief of sick and dis-
tressed members only, their widows, and children.
Persons desirous of being members must be recommended
by a member of the committee, or two members of the so-
ciety, and be balloted for by the general committee. The
subscription depends upon the age of the member.
Number of claimants relieved by the society from the
commencement, 437 members, 368 widows, 402 children,
53 orphans ; total, 1,260 claimants, to whom £80,690 has
been paid.
The funded property now exceeds £20,000, and the an-
nual income £1,280.
President, Sir Chapman Marshall, Alderman. — Treasurer, John
Barnard, Esq. — Trustees, Sir Charles R. Price, Bart. ; John
Barnard, Esq. ; Sir Chapman Marshall, Alderman ; Joseph
ITiompson, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. John B. Jackson. ^-Surgeon,
Alfred Poland, Esq.
INSTITUTION FOR NECESSITOUS COMMER-
CIAL TRAVELLERS, 23, Phillpot-lane. Establishing
1849. Under this designation a society is now being or-
286
brewers' CLEKKS'. Cilflritallit ^'C ^rfllli^PIlt LETT, carriers'.
ganized, whether intended for the benefit of the trade gene-
rally, or only of members, is not yet developed ; but
considering the stability of the original society as a provident
fund, it must be presumed that this will be a generally bene-
volent one.
Honorary Secretary pro tem., Thomas Smith, Esq. — Secretary,
pro tem., Mr. Carter.
BREWERS' and DISTILLERS' CLERKS' Annuity
Fund for their Widows and Orphans, New Com Exchange
Coffee House, Mark-lane. Established 1840. For the benefit
of the widows and orphans of members only, consisting of
the clerks of such brewers and distillers whose premises are
situate within fourteen miles of the Post-oflSce, upon pay-
ment of entrance fee, and other annual contributions accord-
ing to age, etc.
A donation of five guineas constitutes a governor.
Present number of annuitants, eight widows and their
children.
President, J. H. Wynne, Esq. —Treasurer, Osgood Hanbury,
Esq., Jun. — Physician, Dr. Francis Cobb. — Solicitor, T. B. Tan-
queray, Esq. — Sub-Treasurer, Mr. Charles H. Pawley. — Secretary,
Mr. J. Bowles, 77, Cannon-street, City.
THE GENERAL POST-OFFICE SUB-SORTERS',
and Letter-Carriers' Widoios & Orphans Pension Institution,
87, Wood-street. Established 1840. Is for the benefit of
members only, and, at the present time, distributes about
£100 annually in pensions to such as have been elected
annuitants on account of old age or distress. Funded pro-
perty, £3,000, and the annual income varies from £600 to
.£700, supported to a considerable extent by voluntary con-
tributions of the benevolent.
Treasurer, Mr. Philip Webster. — Secretary, Mr. Bichard
Langley, Post-office, St. Martin's-le-Grand.
THE JOB S POST MASTERS', COACH PROPRI-
ETORS', Horse Healers', and Livery Stable Keepers', of
England, Provident Fund, 30, Great James-street, Esta-
blished 1839. For the temporary and permanent relief of
members only, their widows and children. Members, to de-
rive such advantage, must be recognized by the directors to
have been engaged in one of the above trades, and have
taken out a license as such.
287
JOB (fe POST masters'. ^Blltilt ^nnftltiS. OMNIBUS servants'.
Two guineas annually, or 20 guineas at one time, or paid
within two years, constitutes a governor, with one vote ; and
the same payments, with an entrance fee according to age,
constitutes a member. Five pensioners at present on the
permanent fund, receiving conjointly £94 ; funded property,
£8000 ; income above J700.
President, Duke of Richmond. — Treasurer, Mr. Richard Tat-
tersall, Hyde Park-comer. — Honorary Surgeon, Mr. John Vincent
Hawkins, 61, George -street, Portman-square. — Secretary, Mr.
William Tredway Clarke, 30, Great James-street, Bedford-row.
RAILWAY GUARDS' Friendly Fund. Formed only
last year. Promises to prove of great benefit to a very de-
serving class of men, than whom few require such an insti-
tution more, from the various risks to which their duties
expose them. The objects aimed at are — to provide a weekly
allowance in sickness, or in case of accident ; a deferred
annuity ; a certain sum to be paid at death ; weekly allow-
ance to orphans and children ; a home in old age. The asso-
ciation is under the sanction of the chairman and directors
of the London and North Western Railway Company. Within
six months upwards of 500 men have entered.^
Treasurer, G. C. Glynn, Esq. — Chairman of Committee, Mr,
George Gray.
METROPOLITAN OMNIBUS SERVANTS Provi-
dent Society, 4, Portman-place, Edgware-road. Established
1848. For the benefit of that large body of men connected
with omnibuses, — as drivers, conductors, time-keepers, and
clerks, — numbering in all about ten thousand. It proposes
to assist the disabled and infirm, their widows and orphans ;
to found an asylum for the aged and feeble ; the establish-
ment of a school for the children of members, and to adopt
measures by which the members may be enabled to im-
prove themselves mentally, morally, and religiously. The
subscription is fixed at sixpence a-week ; and, to secure
its respectability, none but men of unimpeachable character
are to be admitted members. It will be dependent as well
on public contributions, which are solicited to aid it, on the
ground that thus improving and raising the character of
this class of men will greatly benefit society at large.
1 At the present time, upwards of 2,000 Railway Guards are in con-
stant employ in Great Britain.
288
HAIR dressers' Cliaritsliip k ^rDDitont builders'.
President James Wyld, Esq., M.P. — Treasurer, Mr. S. Pierce,
Warwick-road, Maida-hill. — Honorary Secretary, R. Morgan,
Esq., 6, Warwick-villas, Paddington. — Manager, Mr. J. Scully,
Camden-town. — Bankers, Union Bank, London.
BRITISH HAIR-DRESSERS Benevolent and Provi-
dent Institution, Hercules' Pillars, Great Queen-street. Esta-
blished 1831. For the benefit of members only, elected,
and paying an annual subscription of £1, or a donation of
£10. The relief afi"orded consists of pensions of £\0 annu-
ally to members above the age of fifty years, on being
elected to the same.
President, S. Grange, Esq., Saint John's-wood-road. — Treasurer,
W. G.Bentley, Esq., 220, HighHolbom.- — Secretary and Collector,
Mr. John Swain, Edward's-yard, Regent-street.
THE TALLOW CHANDLERS' Benevolent Society, 8,
Artillery-place West, Bunhill-row. Established 1843. For
the relief of indigent and incapacitated tallow chandlers,
their widows, and others connected with the trade. Can-
didates for relief must be above sixty, unless totally inca-
pacitated, and not in the receipt of more than X30 (males),
and £20 (females), and must be recommended by subscribers ;
if approved of, their election is decided by ballot, at ap-
pointed periods. One guinea annual, or ten guineas dona-
tion, constitutes a governor, with privilege of voting.
This institution, young as it is, presents much for imita-
tion to wealthier and old-established funds of a similar
nature ; its relief is not restricted to members, and already
has distributed £916 amongst its objects of charity. There
are about forty pensioners on its funds.
President, John Cattley, Esq. — Treasurer, Thomas Famcomb,
Esq., Alderman. — Bankers, Bank of England.— Secretary and
Collector, Mr. Joseph North, 8, Artillery-place West, Bunhill-row.
BUILDERS' Benevolent Institution, 13, Broad-street,
Golden-square. Established 1847.' Is acccumulating a fund,
now amounting to £1,000 for the purpose of granting pen-
sions of £24 per annum to males, and £20 to females, being
members of any of the branches of the building trade, or
their widows. Also temporary relief to workmen in case of
1 The first instituted was in 1843, managed by Mr. Barber, late of
New Bridge street.
289
ETON FUND, A.D. 1848 ^CUrftt ^IinBtifS. BLUESFUNDjA.D. 1824
accident, A separate fund is likewise raising, for the erec-
tion of an asylum. Candidates who have been subscribers,
are entitled to a proportionately extra number of votes.
President, Hugh Biers, Esq. — Treasurer, Mr. George Bird, 38,
Edgware-road. — Secretary, Mr. Alfred G. Harris. — Bankers, Sir
Samuel Scott and Co. — Collector, Mr. Edward Herbert, 48, Lisson-
grove North.
A Provident Institution for builders' foremen has lately
been instituted. Secretary, Mr. W. AUard.
THE GARDENERS' Benevolent Institution, 97, Farring-
don-street. Commenced 1843. Is for the benefit of its mem-
bers and others belonging to the trade, similar in its details
to previous funds of the same character.
Patrons, Earl of Ellesmere ; Lord Brackley. — Secretary, Mr.
Edward R. Cutler, 97, Farringdon-street. Also ;
THE CURRIERS' Benevolent Institution, 39, Great
Bland-street, Dover Road, Borough. Commenced 1848.
Patron, Lord Robert Grosvenor. — Secretary, Mr. H. H. Tapscott.
ETON BENEVOLENT FUND, 16, Hanover-street.
Established 1848. Is for the support and assistance of old
Etonians, whom ill health or misfortune has deprived of the
means of livelihood. The Committee of Management meet at
the Office of the Etonian and General Life Assurance and
Endowment Society, 16, Hanover-street, Hanover-square,
every Wednesday, at half-past three, when claims for relief
will be received and investigated. And as one of the ob-
jects of the institution is the investigation of cases, old
Etonians, whether supporters of the fund or not, may refer
claimants for charity to the committee, who will take all care
that relief is properly administered.
Bankers, Messrs. Bouverie, 11, Haymarket. — Honorary Secre-
tary, W. Pickering, Esq.
BENEVOLENT SOCIETY OF BLUES, Newgate-
street. Instituted 1824. For the relief of persons educated
at Christ's Hospital, their widows and orphans, by pensions,
or weekly allowances, to the aged, infirm, and distressed ;
also small loans, to be returned by fixed instalments, as the
funds of the society may allow.
Since its commencement, 600 applicants have experienced
the Society's aid ; jt'900 having been advanced in loans,
£3000 in gifts, and .£2500 in pensions ; these latter are
19
290
THE FOUNDLING Cljarrtalilg Imflt .^nrifc. fund, a.d. i84o
permanent, being limited to the amount of dividends ; the
present number of pensioners is 18.
Ten guineas donation from governors of the hospital, or
others approved of by the directors, constitutes a life go-
vernor with two votes at elections.
Patron, the Queen. — President, Charles Few, Esq. — Treasurer,
John Smith, Esq., 49, Long- Acre. —Hon. Secretary, J. A. L. Bar-
nard, Esq. — Collector, Mr. Francis Jesse, South Sea House,
Threadneedle-street. — Bankers, Messrs. Robarts, Curtis, and Co.
FOUNDLING BENEVOLENT FUND, Hospital,
Guildford-street. Established 1840. It must be obvious, that
if such societies have been beneficial, as connected with
other charitable institutions, a similar fund must be pecu-
liarly useful at the Foundling Hospital ; for, as the objects
of its care are destitute of all natural ties, it is only to such
honourable assistance that the deserving foundling can look
in the hour of trial or trouble, to rescue him from the work-
house, or from actual want. The objects of the fund are to
grant annual pensions or weekly allowances, to such aged
and infirm persons as are considered deserving of assistance ;
to aflford temporary relief to the distressed ; to grant small
loans, to be returned by instalments; and to relieve the
widows and orphans of such as the funds of the society will
allow, A preference at all times is given to those who have
subscribed to the fund. The present income is little above
i£200 ; and this is distributed amongst the most deserving
of the applicants. The funded property is ^2,100 : with
this exception, it entirely depends upon voluntary contribu-
tions. Honorary Secretary, John Brownlow, Esq.
291
il^hratiuEal Cliaritijs.
CHAPTER XIV.
EDUCATIONAL CHARITIES FOE ORPHANS
AND OTHER NECESSITOUS CHILDREN.
General Statement of Asylums; their Number, Income, and Extent.
Orphan Asylums ; — The Clergy. — Female Orphan. — Orphan Work-
ing. — London. — British. — Adult. — Infants. — Cliolera. — Agricultural.
— And Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans. General Asylums ; St. Anne's. —
Bancroft's. — Raine's. — The Ladies'. — For training Servants. — French
Protestant. — Welsh. — Caledonian. — St. Patrick's. — Westmoreland. —
Yorkshire. — Masonic. — Travellers'. — Victuallers'. — And Naval and
Marine. Parochial Schools : their Origin, Benefits, and present Ex-
tent. — Examples afforded. Schools of Local Character, or specified
objects : Germans. — Associated Catholic. — Irish Schools, — and Jewish
Charities.
No instance of suffering, and no extremity of human need,
is more calculated to excite the best sympathies of our na-
ture, or meet with a readier response of benevolent exer-
tion, than the claim of " the fatherless, and them that have
no helper." Upon the claims of orphanhood, a popular
modem writer observes — " An infant without friends is of all
created things the most helpless : it has a positive claim upon
all Christendom ; it was one of our Lord's great commands,
that little children should come unto Him ; and why 1 Be-
cause, ' of such is the kingdom of Heaven.' Surely there
are none who profess His faith who could turn from a little
child in the hour of its bereavement... was there ever a child
bom — no matter how humble — around which hope did not
cling 1 "Who can tell what may be, or may not be, the des-
tiny of the poorest orphan that gropes its way through a
bitter world ? — and whatever sphere it may move in, whe-
ther high or low, it must have duties to perform, a crucified
292
GENERAL jtorfllinnal Clrarifeg. remarks.
Saviour to believe in, a God to glorify, a Heaven to gain. I
can hardly look upon the case of an orphan as a charity ; it
is a duty ! we can all spare something to lead these bereaved
children through time, and prepare them for eternity."
And great are the opportunities of usefulness developed by
the operations of our orphan asylums, and great is the privi-
lege of supporting them. It appears a matter of much thank-
fulness, that, amidst all our other schemes of charity and
mercy, and many measures for extending national education,
that cause which is especially commended to us by Christian
precept, and annexed to which there are so many gracious
promises, has prospered and advanced in an eminent degree.
Out of the fifteen orphan asylums that now adorn our city,
no less than ten have been founded since the commencement
of the present century, and these the largest and most libe-
rally supported. The other asylums, for maintaining chil-
dren of reduced and necessitous parents, will likewise be
found to have increased in a similar proportion.
Gratifying as this fact is as an aggregate one, there is a
source of still greater satisfaction to be derived from a care-
ful consideration of their respective details : a perusal of the
various reports cannot fail to impart the conviction, that the
plans pursued, in almost every instance, prove them to be
not only beneficial to the immediate objects of their bounty,
but to society at large.
The following is the summary of Orphan Asylums : —
One for orphan children of clergymen ; 3 for
female children ; 2 for infants ; 3 for general
age of eight years ; 1 for adults ; 1 for cho-
lera orphans ; 4 for orphans of soldiers and
sailors. — Total . . . . 15
Also 1 in contemplation for the poorer classes
(the agricultural),
of these, 14 are supported by an aggregate
income of ... . J39,926
including amount derived from voluntary
contributions, of . . . ^£28,623
maintaining orphan children, at present
time, to the number of 1,811, besides
350 at the Military Asylum (the annual
income of which is not included in the
above).— Total . . . 2,161
293
CLEEGT OEPHAN (ll)r|l|lHIl ^SljllIinS. SOCIETY, A.D. 1749
Asylums for necessitous children, whether or-
ph9,ns or not : —
Three for general objects ; 1 for girls ; 2 for
training servants ; 7 for children of specified
parentage ; 2 for navy and marine; 1 French
Protestant.— Total . . . . 16
the aggregate annual income of 16 of
which (excepting the Royal Faval
Schools) amounts to . . . ;£41,089
including voluntary contributions . .£26,843
maintaining children at present time to
the number of 1,439 ; besides Royal
Naval Schools, 800.— Total , . 2,239
The foregoing includes only such institutions as afford
maintenance, clothing, and education ; and are exclusive of
parochial and merely local establishments : of such, how-
ever, it will be seen, several are described, also a complete
account of Jewish charity schools.
INCORPORATED CLERGY ORPHAN SOCIETY,
St. John's- wood, Marylebone. Formed 1 749, and incorporated
1809, under the title of " The Governors of the Society for
clothing, maintaining, and educating poor Orphans of Cler-
gymen of the Established Church, in that part of the United
Kingdom called England, until of age to be put apprentice."
The number of children upon the establishment has been
gradually increasing from eighty to about one hundred and
forty — seventy boys and seventy girls. The funds of the
charity, although dependent to some extent on public sup-
port, have been augmented by valuable bequests from time
to time, until they had attained a satisfactory condition :
the largest benefactors were Mrs. Cam, Lady Grant, Mrs.
Oswald, Mrs. Sutton, and others. Of late years, however,
the expenditure has exceeded the income ; and increased
support, it is to be regretted, is much needed. Two elec-
tions take place annually, one on the last Thursday in
^ The education of the boys was at first conducted at Thirsk, in York-
shire, where the benefits were hmited, and ihe whole management appears
to have been otherwise objectionable. In 1805 the Corporation made an
advantageous purchase of property at Acton, where the establishment for
boys was long carried on ; but subsequently removed, in connexion with
the schools for girls, to the present desirable situation.
294
FEMALE (gtotatinnai CljaritirH. orphan, a.d.i 758
February, and the other in May. Candidates must be be-
tween the ages of seven and twelve.
A special fund was established in the year 1826, called
the Clergy Orphan Apprenticing Fund, for the purpose of
assisting the children, when they leave the schools, in ob-
taining suitable situations. It is placed under the manage-
ment of the general committee : the treasurers of the society
being also the treasurers of this special fund.
President, Bishop of London.^ — -Physicians : Drs. Macleod, Gibbs,
and Burrows. — Surgeon, Thomas Copeland, Esq. — Master, Rev.
Daniel Butler, M.A, — Mistress, Mrs. Jones. — Treasurers : Rev.
J. Russell, D.D., and J. H. Cancellor, Esq. — Collector, Mr. H.
Stretton, 67, Lincoln's Inn-fields.
ASYLUM for the Reception of FRIENDLESS and
DESERTED ORPHAN GIRLS, Bridge-road, Lambeth.
Instituted 1758 ; incorporated 1800. Is generally known as
" The Female Orphan Asylum" ; and the children peculiarly
its objects are orphan girls, the settlements of whose parents
cannot be ascertained. No child can be admitted who is
under the age of eight, or above the age of ten years ; nor,
as the children are to be constantly employed in the several
offices of good housewifery, in order to qualify them for do-
mestic servants, any diseased, deformed, or infirm child.
The necessary certificates and declarations are to be procured
by application at the asylum. Since its establishment, nearly
2,600 children have been wholly maintained, and appren-
ticed out or placed in service. The number usually in the
asylum is 150 : they are well taught, and in accordance
with the principles of the Church of England ; also trained
in strict habits of economy and cleanliness ; and the asylum
derives an annual amount of about £50 for needlework done
by them. The annual expenditure is about £3,500, which
is well covered by the receipts, derived from dividends and
voluntary contributions, the former amounting to nearly
£2,000 per annum.
The elections are half-yearly, in June and December, and
decided by the balloting papers of the governors; who are so
constituted by a contribution of one guinea annual, or ten
guineas at one time, and entitled to one vote. One hundred
guineas entitles to present one child, otherwise eligible.
President, the Duke of Cambridge, K.Gr. — Treasurer, Sir John
^ This institution owes its establishment to the late Sir John Fielding.
295
SCHOOL FOR <l!)r|i|jan feijliims. females, 1786-1839
Dean Paul, Bart. — Morning Preacher, Rev. J. Jessop, M.A. —
Evening Preacher, Rev. W. Curling, M.A. — Chaplain, Rev. S. R.
Cattley. — Physicians: Dr. Locock, Dr. Cursham. — Secretary, Mr.
William Davies.— Messenger and Collector, Mr. James Cole, 7,
York-row, Kennington-road.
SCHOOL of INDUSTRY for FEMALE ORPHANS,
9, Church-street, Paddington-green. Instituted 1786. For
the entire maintenance of bereaved and destitute orphans
between the ages of nine and twelve, preference being given
to those descended from respectable parents. The elections
^re represented as taking place twice annually, in January
and July. Ten guineas donation, or one guinea annual,
constituting a governor, with one vote. But, although so
old an establishment, its operations appear restricted, and
partake more of a local character.
Treasurer, Thomas Cahusac, Esq., 6, Maida-hiU. — Collector,
Mr. W. Whitehead, 56, High-street, Portland-town. — Matron,
Mrs. Clarke.
BAYSWATER EPISCOPAL CHAPEL FEMALE
ORPHAN SCHOOL. Established 1839. For the main-
tenance and instruction of from fifteen to twenty female or-
phans, who have completed their ninth year. Candidates
must be approved of by the committee, chosen by election,
upon declared vacancies. The expenditure is under £250
per annum, the charity being a limited one, and its benefits
local. The income depends on voluntary contributions, ex-
ceeding the expenditure.
One guinea annual, or ten guineas donation, constitutes a
governor, with one vote.
President, Rev. C. Smalley, M.A. — Honorary Secretaries:
Rev. C. SmaUey, jun., 12, Orme-square ; F. Crafer, Esq., 85,
Bedford-place, Kensington. — Honorary Surgeons, John and James
Merriman, Esqrs., Kensington-sq. — Matron, Mrs. Ann Manger. —
Collector, Mr. Edward Oliver, 40, Queen's-road.
ORPHAN WORKING SCHOOL, Haverstock HiU;i
oflice, 19, Gresham-street, City. Instituted 1758 ; incorpo-
^ This institution, almost the first of its kind in England, was ori-
ginated at the George Tavern, Ironmonger-lane ; founded at Hoxton,
removed to City-road, and enlarged in 1773; further enlarged in suc-
ceeding years, until removed to the present commodious estabhshment in
1846, erected at a total cost of about ;£20,000. To the present time the
charity has extended itself tenfold gince its first formation. Much of its
present prosperity can be traced to the persevering exertions of the pre-
sent secretary on its behalf.
296
ORPHAN WORKING (BimtatillllHi CtjadtitS. SCHOOL, A.D. 1758
rated 1848. This charity was founded for the reception of
twenty orphan and other necessitous children of both sexes,
of every religious denomination, and frona all parts of the
United Kingdom. There are now upwards of two hundred
children in the schools, and there is accommodation altoge-
ther for two hundred and fifty, when the funds will admit of
their reception. The amount of income required for present
disbursements is nearly ^4,000 ; £1,800 of which is derived
from dividends and rents, the remainder depending on volun-
tary contributions, which as yet appear to require consider-
able increase.
Candidates are eligible between seven and eleven years of
age, provided they are in good health, and "have neither been
prisoners nor paupers." The children are educated, clothed,
and wholly maintained until they are fourteen, the girls, in
some cases, until they are fifteen years of age, when they axe
apprenticed or placed out in some service, with a premium
or outfit of the value, to the boys of £5, to the girls of
.£3. 3s. ; and further, to encourage them to persevere in good
conduct, they are annually rewarded in sums varying from
5s. to 21s., according to the length of service.
The education of the children combines portions of the
British and National Schools systems, with such improve-
ments as the committee can introduce. The girls, in addi-
tion to the usual routine of education, make most of their
own clothing, and a portion of that of the boys, and take
their part in the domestic duties of the house, so as to fit
them for service when they leave the school. The elections
occur during the last week in the months of April and No-
vember. If unsuccessful at one election, the votes are car-
ried forward to the credit of the candidate. Printed forms
of petition are supplied, with lists of the governors, to all
who are interested in elections.
The annual subscription of a governor is one guinea and
upwards ; for life, 10 guineas and upwards : of a subscriber,
10s. 6d. ; for life, 6 guineas. The subscriber has the right
to vote only at elections ; the governor, to vote at all general
courts of governors, to nominate candidates, and to visit the
institution and introduce visitors any day he pleases ; but
an order for visiting is granted to any respectable person who
desires to see the institution.
President, John Remington Mills, Esq., Englefield-green, Surrey.
— Treasurer, Thomas Merriman Coombs, Esq., Ludgate-street. —
297
THE LONDON (lI)r|l|iaE ^SljIUmS. asylum, A.D. 1813
Secretary, Joseph Soul, Esq., Boxworth-grove, Islington. — Col-
lector, Mr. James Harrison, 21, Doris-street, Kennington-cross.
— Bankers, London Joint Stock Bank, Princes-street.
LONDON ORPHAN ASYL UM, Clapton ; office, 10, St.
Mary Axe. Instituted, 1813, for the maintenance, clothing,
and education of destitute orphan children of either sex,
from every part of the kingdom. Children whose parents
have been in respectable circumstances, and children whose
parents lost their lives in the army, navy, or marine service
in general, and whose parish settlement cannot be ascer-
tained, are highly eligible to receive the aid of this charity.
A child having a father-in-law, is not eligible, neither are
those who have been inmates of the workhouse, except under
very peculiar circumstances. No child can be admitted,
who, on the day of election, is under the age of seven, or
above the age of eleven.
The number of children reported at the last meeting, was
397 ;i and 1,764 is the total number that have been admitted
and provided for.
One guinea annual, or ten guineas as a life subscription,
constitutes a member, with one vote at elections of children.
The elections are half-yearly, — the fourth Mondays in
January and June. Votes of unsuccessful candidates are
carried on to the two subsequent elections. About three
hundred votes generally secure an election.
The total amount of annual expenditure is above ,£8,000,
mainly depending on voluntary contributions ; which
amounted, last year, to ^6,508 ; and the remainder is de-
frayed by the dividends, <fec.; the funded property is under
J20,000.
Treasurer, William Thompson, Esq., Alderman, M.P. — Hono-
rary Secretaries : Rev. T. P. Wright, M.A.; Rev. C. Mackenzie,
M.A. — Chaplain and Master, Rev. Robert Heath, M.A. — Physi-
sian, John T. Conquest, M.D., P.L.S. — Surgeon, Hector Gavin,
M.D., F.R.C.S.E., Hackney-road. — -Sub-Secretary, Mr. James
Rogers. — Collector, Mr. C. H. Smart.
^ A detailed statement has lately been published by the Society, ap-
pended to the last report, showing the average annual amount per head
of the various expenses, for several years past ; and the expenses of last
year, for 378 children, averaged as follows : Provision, fuel, and washing,
^10 18s. 6d.; clothing, ^es 10s. 5d.; salaries and wages, ^3 2s. 2d.; re-
pairs and all other expenses, ^£3 13s. 4d.; outfit and rewards on leaving,
£\ 9s. lOd.: total, per each child, ^£22 14s. 4d.
298
THE BRITISH (Biiiiriitiniial CljiiritiBS. orphan, a.d. 1827
BRITISH ORPHAN ASYLUM; Asylum, Clapham-
rise; office, 11, Abchurch-lane. Established 1827. Main-
tains and educates destitute children of both sexes, who
are really or virtually orphans, descended from respectable
parents ; " training them in habits of industry and frugality,
and in the principles of Christianity and virtue." No child
can be a candidate for this institution, whose father is not
dead, or paralytic, totally blind, or an incurable lunatic;
and whose mother, if living, is able to provide for it. No
child is admitted, who will be, on the ensuing day of elec-
tion, under seven or above twelve years of age ; or who has
been, at any time, an inmate of a parish workhouse.
The average number of children under training is 94, —
57 boys and 34 girls. The total amount of expenses slightly
exceed ^2,000 a year, depending on voluntary contributions,
with the exception only of about ^100 from dividends; the
whole of the funded property being under ^4,500.
One guinea per annum, or ten guineas donation, constitute
a governor, with one vote for every such subscription, at all
elections. Two elections take place in the course of the
year, — on the third Mondays in January and July.
Attendance is given at the office every day but Saturday,
from 1 1 to 3 o'clock.
Treasurer, John Deacon, Esq. — Physicians : Thomas Hodgkin,
M.D. ; Robert Dickson, M.D. — Consulting Surgeon, Alfred M.
Eandall, Esq. — Surgeon, Benjamin Swete, Esq. — Architect, Thos.
Marsh Nelson, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries: Rev. John Davis,
A.B., Lee Hill, Lewisham ; Rev. Charles Kemble, A.M., Mon-
tague-place, Clapham-road ; Rev. Robert Bickersteth, A.M.,
Clapham-rise. — Secretary of the Ladies' Committee, Mrs. Richard
Smith, Palatine House, Stoke Newington. — Assistant Secretary,
Mr. Francis Crew, 60, Lamb's Conduit-street. — Collector, Mr.
James Leach, 12, President-street Eaat, Goswell-road.
ADULT ORPHAN INSTITUTION, St. Andrew's-
place, Regent's-park ; instituted 1818.1 Founded for the
^ Founded by Mrs. Sophia Williams, the originator of" The Old School
of Industry," Cheltenham ; and its first design, in 1818, was " in memory
of her late Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte of Wales and Saxe
Cohurg." It was not then, however, carried out on the extensive'scale in-
tended, and the plan was only in part effected by the commencement of
the present school, June 1820, at 32 and 33 Momington-place. In 1823,
from the favourable opinion entertained of it by King George IV, a royal
subscription was commenced, of one hundred guineas a year; and tlie
erection of the present establishment commenced, from Nash's designs.
299
ADULT, A.D. 1818. (ll)r|lljHn iHHl{lttm5> infant, a.d. I827
relief and education of the friendless and unprovided
orphan daughters of clergymen of the Established Church,
and of military and naval officers ; in the words of the
report, '' formed, not to educate children, but to finish the
educfltion of young women, and to forward them in their
way through Life." It receives and educates for situations
as governesses in private families, or assistants in schools,
such a number of wards, of the abovementioned description,
as its circumstances and resources will permit ; of whom a
portion are received gratuitously, and the remainder con-
tribute a certain small sum annually, towards defraying the
expenses of the establishment. No young person is admitted
under the age of fourteen, or above seventeen ; and none
remain after nineteen. The number generally averages from
seventy to eighty, divided into senior and junior wards.
The annual income is inadequate for the present expenses,
and has been so for some few years, leading to the alternative
of sacrificing a portion of the funded property each year ;
the total amount required is but little more than ,£2,000
per annum, and of that ,£500 is derived from the wards'
payments and dividends ; so that it is to be hoped that the
remaining £1,500 will be met by increased voluntary con-
tributions, the funded amount being reduced to £3,000.
Contributors to the funds of the institution are entitled to a
certain number of votes for the election of wards, according
to the following scale, viz. : — Donors of £5, and annual
subscribers of one guinea, to one vote ; £10, two votes ; and
an additional vote for every additional £10. Applications
for governesses from the institution, and communications
respecting the admission of candidates and election of
wards, are to be addressed to Mr. Jesse, at the house of the
institution.
Patron, the Queen. — Visitor, Bishop of London. — Trustee, Lord
Kenyon. — Treasurer, Rear-Admiral Bowles. — Clerical Superin-
tendents: Rev. J. E. Tyler, B.D. ; Rev. J. S.Anderson. — Hon.
Secretary, Rev. R. S. B. Sandilands, A.M. — Secretary, Mr. John
Jesse, South Sea House.
INFANT ORPHAN ASYLUM. Asylum, Wanstead ;
office, 46, Ludgate-hill ; instituted 1827 ; incorporated 1843.
The purpose of this charity is, to board, clothe, nurse, and edu-
cate in accordancewith the principles of the Church of England,
destitute children who are fatherless ; and receive them (if
necessary) from the very birth until completing their eighth
300
INFANT ORPHAN f hUtatiHIial CjiaritoS, asylum, A.D. 1827
year, sustaining all the responsibilities of the parent until
they are eligible to enjoy the aid of those institutions which
receive the orphan at a more advanced age ; such as
the London Orphan Asylum, Clergy Orphan School, Orphan
Working School, Asylum for Female Orphans, Bancroft's,
St. Ann's School, and many others ; open to orphans after
seven years old : this, until the establishment of the next
named institution, was the only asylum open to them until
they have attained that age, and its protection has already
been extended to upwards of nine hundred children. No
case can be entertained which has been at any time in a
workhouse, except it has been there for temporary relief,
and has had respectable connexions ; every case is consi-
dered to have an especial claim on the friends of this charity,
in proportion as the former circumstances of the parents
have been respectable. No child can stand on the list which,
on the day of election, is less than three months, or more
than six years old.
The election of the children is vested in the subscribers,
and the elections are held half-yearly, on the last Mondays
in April and October. The votes polled by the unsuccessful
candidates are carried on to the next election, so that no
case, however friendless, can fail of ultimate success. The
new asylum lately erected at Wanstead,^ reflects great credit
on the committee, and is worthy of its purpose. It is in-
tended for the occupation of 420 children, and provides in
every way for their wants in sickness and in health. It has,
however, rarely contained more than three hundred, the
income of the charity having hitherto but too much fet-
tered its utility (the funded property is only about £2,000) ;
the earnestness, however, with which the benefits of the insti-
tution have of late been sought — the increasing lists of can-
didates for admission — and the consideration that a large
proportion of the current expenses will sustain no material
addition when the asylum is wholly filled, have encouraged
the committee to determine on an effort for immediately ex-
tending the benefits of the asylum, and trust to public libe-
rality to support them.2 The annual expenditure, according
^ Wanstead is about six miles from London ; and tickets may be had,
to view the Asylum, for any Monday, upon application at the office.
2 This determination lias been confirmed by the recent sad addition to
the number of candidates, from the desolations of the cholera; and the
committee have judiciously and humanely carried their intention into
effect, by holding an extra election for the present year (virtually that
i
301
NEW ASYLUM FOR d^rpjlHII SlStjlHIIIS. INFANTS, A.D. 1844
to last year's statement, is nearly £'8,000, an amount entirely
dependent on voluntary contributions, as the present divi-
dends are under £100 a-year.
Every half-guinea annually, or five guineas life-subscrip-
tion, entitles to one vote at each election for children, and
at the general meeting for business. Forms for nominating
candidates may be obtained at the office, where all commu-
nications must be addressed.
President, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurer, John Deacon,
Esq. — Sub-Treasurer, B. B. Cabbell, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Wil-
liams, Deacon, and Co. — Chaplain and Pastoral Superintendent,
Rev. W. P. Wigram, M.A. — Physician, Dr. Little, 10, Finsbury-
quare. — Consulting Surgeons : E. A. Lloyd, Esq., 14, Bedford-
row ; Francis Toulmin, Esq., Hackney. — Examining Surgeon,
Miles Beale, Esq., 41, Bishopsgate-within. — Surgeon, WiUiam
Henry Cary, Esq., Woodford. — Secretary, John Buckler, Esq. —
Collector, Mr. Robert Charlton.
NEW ASYLUM for INFANT ORPHANS, Stamford-
hill. Office, 32, Poultry. Founded 1844 ; for the same
objects as the last-named institution ; but, as a fundamental
principle of that is, that Church of England doctrines shall
be inculcated in the school, so this, to quote the words of its
rules, asserts that, " it shall be a rule absolute, beyond the
control of any future general meeting, or any act of incor-
poration, that whUe the education of the infant family
shall be strictly religious and scriptural, no denominational
catechism whatever shall be introduced, and that no par-
ticular forms whatever shall be imposed on any child, con-
trary to the religious convictions of the surviving parent or
guardian of such child." This institution likewise keeps the
children until eight years of age. The present number of
inmates is eighty-six ; the elections take place twice annu-
ally, — the third Mondays in January and June. The pre-
sent expenditure is under £2,000 a-year, but dependent on
voluntary contributions, the funded property being only
£1,300. Five guineas donation, or 10s. Qd. annually, entitles
to one vote at each election.
held in February last), so as to receive as many as 120 children in the
course of the year, — an instance of well-directed energy in the exercise
of charity, eventuating, as might be expected, in a large immediate acces-
sion to the funds, — besides extension of friends and subscribers. The ad-
dresses, issued at the time of the general thauksgiving, conveying the
notification of this contemplated step, together with pulpit exhortation,
brought in no less a sum than £8,000 !
302
CHOLERA HOME. (^iiiirHtifliiHl CtjarrtiM. and others.
Treasurer, Baron Lionel De Rothschild. — Sub-Treasurer, An-
drew Reed, D.D. — Honorary Secretaries : David D. Wire, Esq. ;
Rev. T. Aveling. — Bankers, Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, Tritton, and
Co. — Sub-Secretary and Collector, Mr. W. Strudwicke.
CHOLERA ORPHAN HOME, Ham, Richmond ; esta-
blished 1849. The occasion for this institution has been
caused by the lamentable course of the cholera in the past
autumn, — making many desolate ; and it will perhaps
scarcely last beyond the immediate necessity for it. (See
note to the Infant Orphan Asylum, page 300.) The premises
taken have been met with at a moderate cost, through the
benevolence of one individual, and will accommodate one
hundred. It is intended, for the present, for the reception
of orphan girls who have lost both parents, and for boys,
when funds will allow. One child will be supported for every
additional amount of .£10 10s. annually.
Should the attempt meet with public support, it will be
continued under the title of " The National Orphan Home."
Treasurer, J. M, Morgan, Esq., 12, Stratton-street. — Secretary,
Rev. Joseph Brown, Christchurch, Blackfriars-road.
THE AGRICULTURAL ORPHAN SCHOOL is a con-
templated institution, purposing the industrial training of
orphan children "of the poorest class" in agricultural occu-
pations, providing for them, in after life, the means of emi-
gration, &c. It will have been observed, that most of the
preceding asylums exclude the very poorest, or such as have
been the inmates of a workhouse. The scheme has the
approval of the Bishop of London ; and an influential list
of directors has been already formed. Prospectuses, and
other information, may be obtained of the Honorary Secre-
tary, Rev. W. Denton, Vicarage, Hoxton-square.
ROYAL MILITARY ASYLUM, Chelsea. Established
1801. For the orphan children of soldiers of the regular
army of Great Britain, of whom three-hundred and fifty are
maintained, and instructed on the National Education Sys-
tem. Consists of three departments : the normal school, for
training schoolmasters for the army; the model, and the
infant schools. The school is often known by the name of
the " Duke of York's." The present building, which was
erected by Mr. Copeland, had its first stone laid by his late
Royal Highness. The establishment is conducted strictly
according to military discipline. Friday is the best day for
303
MILITARY, A.D. 1801 d^rpijEE f^SljlHHIS. seamen's, A.D. 1827
viewing the children parade, with their military band. Open
from ten o'clock till four; dinner hour, one. Under the
superintendence of a military commission, of whom the Com-
mander-in-Chief is the president.
Chelsea College, see page 215.
Commandant, Colonel P. Brown. — Adjutant and Secretary,
Lieut. J. E. Addison, 70th foot. — Quartermaster, Mr. W. Cousins.
Surgeon, T. Graham Balfour, M.D.— Chaplain, Rev. W. S. 0.
Dusautoy.
MERCHANT SEAMEN'S ORPHAN ASYL UM, New
Grove, Bow-road. Instituted 1827, Office, 98, Gracechurch-
street. For providing clothing, maintenance, and education
for the destitute orphan children of seamen in the merchant
service ; — ultimately placing them in situations, either at sea
or on shore ; as far as may be practicable, where their princi-
ples may not be endangered, and the prospect of an honest
livelihood secured. Age of admission, seven to eleven years,
and continue until fourteen. One hundred and ten children
now in the asylum ; their religious training is according to
the Established Church. The annual disbursements for the
support of the institution amount to £2,000 per annum,
depending, aU but .£150, upon voluntary contributions,
which appear at present to be only just sufficient for the
purpose. The funded property is only £5,416.
Ten guineas at one time, or one guinea annually, consti-
tutes a governor, entitled to one vote at general meetings,
and election of children into the asylum, which takes place
on the last Monday in February and August. Every owner
or master of a ship, collecting from the crew to the amount of
one guinea annually, is entitled to the same privilege. Each
child, to be elected, must obtain 250 votes at the least, and
unsuccessful votes are carried on to the three following
elections.
President, Sir J. Graham, Bart., M.P. — Treasurer, Captain
Henry Nelson. — Chaplain, Rev. Henry Rendall, M.A. — Hon.
Secretary, George S. Clarke, Esq. — Secretary and Collector, Mr.
Richard Geddes. — Bankers, Bank of England. — Matron, Mrs.
Bailey. — Schoolmaster, Mr. Price. — Schoolmistress, Miss Abbott.
SAILORS' ORPHAN GIRLS' EPISCOPAL SCHOOL
and ASYLUM, 29, Cannon-street-road, St. George's, East.
Instituted 1829. Forty orphans are daily instructed and
clothed, whilst twenty of them are in the house, and wholly
304
sailors' ORPHAN. l£jlliralillllfll CljaritipS. ST.ANN's asylum.
provided for ; which benefit, it is represented, woiild be most
gladly extended to all, were adequate means placed in the
hands of the managers. The instruction given is purely
scriptiiral, the Bible being the basis of all ; the children are
trained in the principles of the Established Church, and, as
far as possible, in such moral and domestic habits as are
likely to fit them for respectable service. Ten shillings and
sixpence annual, or five guineas donation, constitute a go-
vernor. The expenditure is very little above ;£500 per an-
num, but is entirely dependent on voluntary contributions.
Treasurer, Robert C. L. Bevan, Esq., Lombard-street. — Hono-
rary Secretary, Robert Sweeting, Esq., 29, Lombard-street. —
Ladies' Secretary, Miss Young, Denmark-hill, Surrey.— Governess,
Mrs. Sargent. — Collector, Mr. William John Hayden, 74, Great
Cambridge-street, Hackney-road.
' THE SAILORS' FEMALE ORPHAN HOME, Sidney-
place, Cambridge-road. Instituted 1829. Is another school
for the same objects ; conducted, it would appear, on exactly
similar principles. The elections are half-yearly ; but the
number of orphans to be elected depends on the state of the
funds, which at present appear to be very limited. The total
amount of receipts last year was under £250, a sum very
inadequate to the requisite extension of the nimiber to be
maintained. Ten shillings annually, or £5 at one time,
constitutes a member, entitled to two votes for every such
subscription.
Treasurer, Robert Hanbury, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev.
John Tagg, M.A.; J. K. Arthur, Esq.^ — Collector, Mr. Edward
Cooke, 23, Princes-square, St. George's East.
ROYAL ASYLUM OF ST. ANITS SOCIETY,
Streatham, Surrey, and Aldersgate, London. Office, 2,
Charlotte-row, Mansion House. Instituted 1709.^ Educates
and wholly provides for the legitimate children of necessi-
tous parents, whether orphans or not ; more especially the
descendants of parents who have seen better days. The
present number of children in the asylum is 151 boys, and
76 girls, and 30 boys and 32 girls at the day-school, in
London : at the latter school they are only educated and
^ Originally founded by the aid of the Society for Promoting Christian
Knowledge, in 1709, as a day-school. It was not until the year 1800,
that the country asylum was opened, and the addition made of maintain-
ing children.
305
banckoft's,a.d.1758 (l^fliml SlSIjlllIIIS. kaine's, a.d. 1780
clothed. The annual expenditure exceeds £5,000 per an-
num ; and the receipts, from all sources, last year, as much
as ^6,400. The dividends realise J750, otherwise the whole
is dependent on the voluntary contributions.
One guinea or more annually, or 10 guineas or more in
one payment, constitutes a governor, entitled to votes at
each election of children into the asylum, and, in rotation,
to present a child into the day-school in town. Every go-
vernor has the right to nominate a candidate, boy or girl,
at each election, either from the children in the day-school,
or not ; but all children are required to be between the ages
of seven and eleven years.
A contribution of £120. 15s., when the child is between
the ages of seven and nine years, or £105 when the child is
between nine and eleven years, entitles the donor imme-
diately to place a child on the foundation at Brixton. The
elections are half-yearly, viz., on the second Thursday in
February and August, when, in addition to those elected on
the day's poll, two are elected with the highest number of
aggregate votes.
President, the Archbishop of Canterbury.- — Ladies' President,
the Duchess of Northumberland. — Treasurer, Matthias Attwood,
Esq., M.P., 27, Gracechurch-street.— Secretary, Edward Frede-
rick Leeks, Esq., 2, Charlotte-row, Mansion House.— Collector,
Mr. George Bleaden, 2, Charlotte-row.
BANCROFTS HOSPITAL ^CiTOOX, Mile-end-road.
Founded 1758. For affording board, clothing, and educa-
tion to one hundred boys, from the age of seven to fourteen,
who are appointed upon presentation, in turn, of the mem-
bers of the court of assistants of the Drapers' Company, and,
at the close of their education, are apprenticed or put to
service. Forms for obtaining a boy's admission, and other
information, can be obtained at Drapers' Hall, Throgmorton-
street. For Almshouses and general account of "Hospital,"
see page 220.
Head Master and Chaplain, Rev. Richard Thomas, M.A. —
Second Master, C. Dinham, Esq.— Matron, Mrs. Dinham.
RAIJVIPS CHARITY,St. George's-in-the-east. Founded
1736 ; incorporated 1780. Fifty boys are taught, from the
age of nine years, to read, write, and cast accounts, till they
are put out apprentices. And fifty girls are taken into the
school, at the age of eight years, forty of whom, when they
20
306 .
THE ladies', 1702. (EintatinilHl CjlHrititS. bans town,1804
have continued therein four years, are removed into the
asylum, where they remain the same space of time, are en-
tirely maintained, and trained up for service ; and, after
the age of twenty-two years, six of them, producing certifi-
cates of their good behaviour during their servitude, conti-
nuing unmarried, and members of the Church of England,
draw lots twice a-year, for a marriage portion of £100, to
settle them in the world, with such honest and industrious
persons as the majority of the trustees shall approve of, who
must be inhabitants of this parish, St. John of Wapping, or
St. Paul Shadwell, and members of the Church of England ;
otherwise, Mr. Raine's will is, they should not receive the
,£100. These charity schools have been the happy means of
making many children beneficial, who would otherwise have
been burthensome to society ; several reputable tradesmen,
and many honest faithful servants, have received their edu-
cation therein. Under the management of the Rector and
Lecturer of the parish, and other persons incorporated.
Chairman of the Board of Trustees, M. J. Perppingham, Esq.,
17, Great Prescott-street. —Treasurer, James Richardson, Esq.,
Wapping High-street. — Schoolmaster and Collector, Mr. Verrall.
THE LADIES' CHARITY SCHOOL, 30, John-street,
Bedford-row. Instituted 1702. For educating, clothing,
and wholly maintaining fifty-one poor girls, from all parts
of the United Kingdom, whether orphans or not ; and espe-
cially designed for those whose parents have moved in a re-
spectable sphere. Children are received between the ages of
eight and ten, and remain until the age of fourteen. Each
candidate must be recommended by a subscriber of at least
one year's standing ; have a medical certificate from the
surgeon ; and be furnished with certificate of baptism and
of parents' marriage.
The election takes place half-yearly, when all life sub-
scribers of 10 guineas, or annual subscribers of one guinea,
can vote.
Treasurer, John Masterman, Esq., M.P., 35, Nicholas-lane. —
Honorary Surgeon, Mr. Fisher, 15, John-street, who grants cer-
tificates on Tuesdays and Fridays, between 8 and 9. — Honorary
Secretary, Mr. George Hoby, 123, Mount-street, Berkeley-square.
— Collector, Mr. Cookworthy, 24, Castle-street, Falcon-square.
HANS TOWN SCHOOL of INDUSTRY, 103, Sloane-
street. Established 1804. For the purpose of training fe-
307
ST. John's, a.d. 1842. iS^SljlUlIIS. pbench, a.d. 1747
male servants. Has just been removed to the present eligible
premises, where fifty boarders are maintained. Girls are
received from the ages of eight to sixteen, and are carefully
trained in the principles of the Church of England, and in-
structed in reading, writing, arithmetic, needlework, and
the various branches of domestic service. The income is
derived from voluntary contributions, payments on behalf
of children, and a small amount of dividends, amounting
together to ^650 ; the expenditure within that amount.
Annual subscribers of 6 guineas, or donors of .£50, paying
one guinea annually, have the privilege of nomination. A
child thus named pays £l. 5s. per quarter, for which sum
she is boarded and instructed, and places ultimately found
for those whose conduct is satisfactory.
Treasurer, George Carr Glyn, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Mrs.
Carey, 44, Cadogan-place. — Hon. Medical Attendant, R. Ellis,
Esq. — Matron, Mrs. West. — Collector, Mr. Troughton.
ST. JOHN'S SER VANTS SCHOOL, 22, New Ormond-
street. Established 1842. Boards, clothes, and educates one
hundred and thirteen female children, chiefly of the age of
fourteen or fifteen. The main object is to train them for good
and efficient household servants, by two or three years' care-
ful instruction. Some few are admitted as young as four or
five years of age, and some remain until eighteen. The
establishment is supported principally by payments from the
friends of the children, or by the benevolent on their behalf,
viz., for children above ten years, ^'12 a-year; under ten,
jG14 10s. a-year; or graduated payments, from £60 to£lOO,at
one time, according to age. The present successful position of
the school is owing to the exertions of its treasurer, who has
been a large donor to its funds, and makes up its annual de-
ficiency of receipts. The school has been twice enlarged,
and it is now proposed that a house shall be engaged at the
seaside, for the benefit of the inmates in turn.
Applications for admission to be made to the Hon. Mrs.
Baptist Noel, Hornsey ; the Hon. Mrs. Arthur Kinnaird, 35,
Hyde Park Gardens ; or to Mrs. Saxby, the matron.
Bankers, Messrs. Ransom and Co., 1, Pall Mall East. — Trea-
surer, the Hon. Arthur Kinnaird, 1, Pall Mall East.
WESTMINSTER FRENCH PROTESTANT ChariUj
School, Bloomsbury, Founded 1747. This establishment
308
WELSH SCHOOL, (gtoratinnfli Cjiaritigs. a.d.itis
provides clothing, maintenance, and education, for a certain
number of girls, descendants of the French refugees. They
are taught to read and write French and English, and are
instructed in the principles of religion according to the doc-
trine of the Church of England. They are also taught the
elements of arithmetic, as well as the principal works of
their sex ; they make their own linen, and are by turns oc-
cupied in the house work. The children must have attained
the age of seven years before they are registered, and are not
eligible after the age of twelve years.
Twenty pounds paid in the course of a year, or one guinea
annually, constitutes a director, and gives the power of
always having one child on the list of admission.
President, the Earl of Radnor. — Treasurer, J. R. Vincent, Esq.,
24, Norland-square, Notting-hill. — Secretary, Rev. J. Mudry, 21,
Abbey-place, St. John's- wood, Minister of the Church of England
French Protestant Church.
WELSH CHARITY SCHOOL,GT&fslnn-To&(l. Founded
1715 1 This charity is under the management and support
of " The Most Honourable and Loyal Society of Ancient
Britons." It entirely supports two hundred boys and girls,2
educating them in all the branches of good and pious learn-
ing, and training the boys in military exercises, thus calcu-
lating them for national as well as individual benefit. The
conditions of admittance are, that the parents must be born
in Wales or Monmouthshire, and produce evidence of the
legality of their marriage ; and the child born within ten
mUes of the Royal Exchange. Forms of application, to be
signed by at least two subscribers, and filled up with requi-
site particulars, can be obtained of the secretary. A board
of governors meet the first Thursday of every month, at the
school-house, at three o'clock in the afternoon, to consider
such applications. The age for admission is from eight to
^ Incorporated 1846 ; originated 1714, in honour of the first birthday
of Caroline Princess of Wales, after coming to the title : the same being
St. David's day.
2 " Two hundred is the regular number, but during the past two years
the committee have determined to fill up only half the vacancies, in con-
sequence of the embarrassed state of the funds ; from the same cause, no
late report is supplied. The contemplated plan for leaving London has,
for the present, been abandoned.
309
BOYAL CALEDONIAN, i^HljlHIIIH. A.D. 1816
ten years. 1,974 boys, and 553 girls, have been admitted
on the establishment, and wholly maintained.
President, Earl Powis. — Treasurer, Colonel Wood, of Littleton.
— Secretary, Mr. John James, School House, Gray's Inn-road.
ROYAL CALEDONIAN ASYLUM, Copenhagen-fields,
Islington. Incorporated 1815.1 For the children of soldiers,
sailors, and marines, natives of Scotland, who have served in
her Majesty's fleet or army, and died or been disabled while
in such service ; also of indigent Scotch parents, of whom
the father must have been born in Scotland, and have resided
in London not less than one year, or died during such resi-
dence. The children must have been born in wedlock, and
be perfectly free from any mental or bodily disease or infir-
mity ; at the time of election must not be under seven, nor
above ten years of age at the time application is made for
admission. They are wholly maintained until fourteen,
when they are apprenticed or otherwise provided for. The
elections take place twice annually, on the first Thursdays
in June and December, and are decided by the votes of sub-
scribers.
The funded property has been, within the last four years,
reduced upwards of £8,000, by quarterly sales of stock, from
the yearly increase of expenditure, in consequence of the
extension of the building for female children. The present
number in the asylum is seventy-two boys and forty-seven
girls ; and perhaps no set of children are calculated to afibrd
a more favourable opinion of the charity that maintains
them : the national dress and vigorous appearance of the boys
generally, greatly conduces to this. The boys' military band
is a justly admired one, and is often rendered available for
the festivals of kindred institutions.
One guinea annual, or 10 guineas donation, entitles to one
vote ; 100 guineas, for one child to be placed in the asylum.
President, the Duke of Buccleuch.- — Treasurers : Chas. Forbes,
Esq. ; Captain James Lament ; J. A. Simpson, Esq. — Physicians :
Alex. Tweedie, M.D. ; George Owen Rees, M.D. — Consulting
Surgeons: J. M. Amott, Esq.; Alexander Bain Chisholm, M.D.
— Surgeon, J. R. Ede, Esq. — Surgeon-Dentist, William A. N.
^ This institution was founded, and originally managed, by the High-
land Society of London, 1808, but transferred to the subscribers in 1S14.
Opened, in 1819, in Cross-street, Hatton Garden; and removed to the
present building in 1828.
310
ST. Patrick's (Etoratinnai Ctlflrife. SOCIETY, A.D. 1784
Catlin, Esq. — Superintendent and Secretary, Charles Renton,
Esq. — Collector, Mr. A. M'Kenzie, 8, Clayton-place, Caledonian-
road.
THE BENEVOLENT SOCIETY of ST. PATRICK,
Stamford-street, Blackfriars-road. Instituted 1784.^ Two
hundred girls, and three hundred boys, born of Irish parents,
in London and its vicinity, are entirely clothed and educated,
but not, as in the case of the Welsh and Scotch schools, main-
tained. Several of those of good character, however, are ap-
prenticed out. They are educated in the religion they have
been brought up in, and no religious controversy is allowed.
No child unless born in London, or its immediate vicinity,
and of Irish parents or parent, and not under seven or above
ten years of age, can be admitted. Recommendations must
be signed by three governors. The committee meet the first
Wednesday in each month, at the establishment. The finances
appear in a prosperous condition : the funded property
.£30,800 ; and the annual disbursements, of about £1,500,
fairly covered by the dividends therefrom, assisted by volun-
tary contributions of about £600, on the continuation of
which, however, this prosperity depends.
Twenty guineas constitute a governor for life, and three
guineas a governor for one year.
President, Prince George of Cambridge. — Treasurer, Edward
Thomas Bainbridge, Esq. — Inspectors of Schools and Apprentices :
T. H. Burke, Esq.; C. H. La Touche, Esq.— Physician, Dr. Bab-
bington. — Surgeon, Francis Kierman, Esq., Beaimiont-street. —
Apothecary, Lionel P. Kell, Esq. — Secretary, Edw. Hastings, Esq.
The accounts of The East London English S Irish Schools,
and The Associated Catholic Charities, occur towards the end
of this chapter.
WESTMORELAND SOCIETY, 18, Bread-street, Cheap-
side. Established 1746. The object of this society is the
clothing, maintaining, and educating of children, born in
^ By amalgamation with a more ancient society, founded 1704, termed
the Irish Charitable Society, which distributed its charities until 1756,
and then suspended operations, leaving ^1,091 South Sea annuities stand-
ing in the names of the old trustees. This formed the nucleus of the
present institution. George IV contributed no less a sura than ^3,780
to this charity in his lifetime; and her present Majesty upwards of j£1,200
to the present time.
311
YORKSHIRE ^SljlUlIIS. SOCIETY, A.D. 1812
London, or within twelve miles of the Royal Exchange,
whose parents, or either of them, were born in the county of
Westmoreland. None are eligible under eight or above
eleven years of age, continuing with the society until four-
teen, and, on leaving, a sum of £5 is applied for their benefit.
Twenty-six such children are wholly provided for by the
society, at an annual expense of £500. The whole num-
ber who have been maintained is two hundred and sixty-
nine. The funds appear to be fairly supported, and are
dependent on voluntary contributions to an extent of ^200
per annum. The funded property is about £12,000.
Ten guineas in one sum, or one guinea annual, constitutes
a governor, with one vote for every such subscription. Va-
cancies are generally declared at a meeting of the committee,
on the first Tuesday in January. Application must be made
to the Secretary for the form of petition, which is to be deli-
vered to him, with all required documents, before the end of
February.
President, Earl of Lonsdale. — Treasurer, Robert Addison, Esq.,
Regent's-park. — Honorary Chaplain, Rev. John Miles, B.D. —
Honorary Surgeon, John Hunter, Esq., 19, Trinity-square. — Secre-
tary, Mr. James Burra, 19, Bread-street. — Collector, Mr. John
Thompson, 6, Clare Hall Cottages, Jamaica Level, Bermondsey.
THE YORKSHIRE SOCIETY'S SCHOOL, Westmin-
ster-road. Established 1812, for the education and entire
maintenance of boys, one of whose parents must have been
bom in Yorkshire ; have been in a respectable line of life,
reduced by misfortune, and resided for the period of three
years at least, within five miles of the Royal Exchange. No
boy is eligible whose parents have received parochial relief,
preference being always given to those whose fathers have
l3een members of the society. All applications for admission
into the school to be made to the Secretary. Age of admis-
sion, from eight to eleven ; and time taken care of, until
fourteen years old. The number of children at present in the
school, is, thirteen girls, and thirty-four boys ; from hence-
forth the former will be excluded from the benefits of the
charity, by an alteration in the regulations, which provides
for boys only. The expenditure has lately exceeded the
income ; the funded property being under i'8,000, and the
voluntary contributions proving inadequate ; last year the
amount was .£808, and the dividends £314, — leaving a defi-
ciency of nearly £200 under the regular expenditure.
312
ROYAL MASONIC, (0^11111131 dlHtitiPS. *■■» 1 788 & 1798
One guinea annual constitutes a governor, with one vote
at all elections ; ten guineas at one time, a life governor,
with two votes.
Presidents : Earl Fitzwilliam, Earl Harewood. — Treasurer and
Consulting Physician, James Saner, M.D., 36, Finsbury-square.
— Hon. Secretary, Henry Tristram, Esq., 12, Bankside, South-
wark-bridge.
ROTA L FREEMASONS' SCHOOL for Female Children,
near the Obelisk, Westminster-road. Instituted 1788. En-
tirely maintains, clothes, and educates the female children
and orphans of reduced brethren. No child can be admitted
under eight, or above eleven, years of age, nor remain therein
after having attained the age of fifteen years ; and no peti-
tion can be received in behalf of a child who is under seven
and a half, or above ten and a half, years of age, except in
the case of a child whose parents are both deceased, in whose
behalf a petition may be received at six and a half years of
age, and who may be admitted at seven. No candidate can
be placed on the list for election, unless the petition has
been approved at least three months prior to the day ap-
pointed for the election, and the child have been religiously
instructed, and able to read the Scriptures. Six hundred
and sixteen children have been brought up by this charity,
and have conducted themselves to the satisfaction of the
governors in after life.
A subscription of one guinea per annum constitutes the
subscriber a governor, with the privilege of one vote.
President, Earl of Zetland, Pro. G.M. — Honorary Solicitor,
R. H. Giraud, Esq., 7, Fumival's-inn. — Secretary, Mr. Francis
Crew. — Matron, Mrs. Cook. — Collector, Mr. John Nicholls, 14,
Wells-street, Jewin-street, Cripplegate.
THE ROYAL MASONIC INSTITUTION for Boys;
office, 7, Bloomsbury-place, Bloomsbury-square. Instituted
1798; clothes and educates the sons of indigent and deceased
brethren, according to the situation in life they are most
probably destined to occupy, and inculcates such religious
instructions as may be conformable to the tenets of their
parents, and ultimately apprentices them to suitable trades.
Children of all religious denominations, and wherever resi-
dent, are eligible to be admitted candidates, from the age of
seven to ten, provided the fathers have been Masons three
years, duly registered in the Grand Lodge books, and con-
313
victuallers', A D. 1803. £51{llIIIl3. travellers', a.d. 1847
tinued subscribing members to a Lodge for two years. Seven
hundred and one boys have been clothed and educated, and
seventy are now on the establishment. The expenditure is
about £700 per annum, which is fairly covered by the volun-
tary contributions, judging from last year's statement, —
besides the dividends from funded property, realising, at
present time, about £300 per annum.
One guinea constitutes an annual subscriber, with privi-
lege of being elected on the committee. Ten guineas dona-
tion entitles to two votes at all elections of the children.
President, Earl of Zetland. — Treasurer, Benjamin Bond Cabbell,
Esq., M.P. — Honorary Solicitor, R. H. Giraud, Esq. — Honorary
Surgeon, W. G. Thiselton Dyer, Esq., 23, Sackville-street'. —
Secretary, Mr. Augustus Union Thiselton, 7, Bloomsbury-place,
Bloomsbury-square ; where attendance is given every Saturday,
between the hours of ten and two. — Collector, Mr. G. Paradise,
44, Princes-road, Kennington.
LICENSED VICTUALLERS' SCHOOL, Kennington-
lane, Lambeth ; office, 127, Fleet-street. Instituted 1803,
for children of deceased and decayed licensed victuallers;
wholly maintaining an average number of 117 children,
and an entire number, since its establishment, of 1,143.
The total expenditure averages £3,000 per annum ; £2,600
of which was last year derived from subscriptions, and the
remainder from a small amount of dividends, assisted by
the profits of fetes, etc. The funded property is under
£5,000. Applications from the parents, relations, or friends
of children, properly qualified, will be received by the com-
mittee, at the school-house, in Kennington-lane, Lambeth,
and at the office. Subscribers are entitled to one vote for
the admission of children, for each guinea subscribed.
Governor, Mr. Long, Old Bailey. — Secretary, Mr. William
Smalley, 127, Fleet-street.— Solicitors, Messrs. Wire and Child,
9, St. Swithin's-lane. — Bankers, Messrs. Gosling and Sharpe. —
Consulting Physician, William W. Gull, Esq. — Surgeon, George
Olding, Esq., 159, High-st. Borough. — Shoolmaster, Mr. Reece.
— Schoolmistress, Miss Davies.
COMMERCIAL TRA TELLERS' SCHOOLS for Or-
phan and Necessitous Children, Wanstead ; office, 60, Bread-
street, Cheapside. Established 1847. Have only been in
existence for three years, yet in that short time the benefits
of education and entire maintenance have been extended to
314
MARINE SOCIETY, f torKtinMl CjiHrilips. a.d. 1706
seventy orphans and necessitous children ; while the number
of subscribers and donors is upwards of four thousand. Fif-
teen additional boys have lately been admitted into the
schools ; the purchase of freehold property for an extensive
building, is contemplated ; and it is expected that the bene-
fits of the institution will eventually be extended to three
hundred boys and girls; but for this purpose a sum of
^12,000 is stated to be required. Last year's cash statement
presents a most satisfactory prospect of the funds being well
supported : the expenditure, including many extra items,
was under ^3,500; whilst the receipts were, from volun-
tary contributions, ^5,244, and from dividends on property
already funded, ^345. The education afforded is essentially
on Church of England principles ; but the friends of children
have the option of requiring that the Assembly's catechism
be taught, if they prefer it.
The elections of the children are by ballot, in June and
December. They must be nominated by a governor on one
of the printed forms, and be between the ages of seven and
eleven ; and, when elected, remain until fourteen. Not more
than two children of the same father can be admitted, and
only one be elected at a time. An unsuccessful candidate
has the votes carried to his credit for the two next elections
only. One guinea annual, or ten guineas donation, consti-
tutes a governor, entitled to one vote at all elections.
President, John Masterman, Esq., M.P. — Treasurer, George
Moore, Esq., Bow Church-yard. — Physician, Dr. Jeaffi-eson, Fins-
bury-square. — Honorary Surgeon, Charles Ray, Esq., Gracechurch-
street. — House Surgeon, W. H. Carey, Esq., Woodford. — Hono-
rary Secretary, George Lawrence, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Alfred
Lench Saul, 60, Bread-street, Cheapside. — Bankers, the Bank of
England.
MARINE SOCIETY; office, 54, Bishopsgate-street. In-
stituted 1756;! incorporated 1772. For the equipment,
maintenance, and instruction of distressed boys for the royal
navy, the Indian navy, merchants' service, and the fisheries.
The society places out annually from two to three hundred
boys, chiefly in the merchant's service, after qualifying them
^ Owes its origin to Sir John Fielding, the Duke of Bolton, and Jonas
Hanwa/, who, in 1756, collected a number of distressed boys, who were
clothed at the Duke's expense, and sent to serve on board H.M. ship
Barfleur, then under his graces command.
^15
ROYAL NAVY, i51{lllin5. A.D. 1821
for the sea-service by a suitable education on board the soci-
ety's ship, the Venus, off Woolwich, from whence the masters
of vessels readily take them, as immediately useful on board
ship. Boys of a hardy, daring disposition are selected ; must
never have been guilty of theft, be received with the consent
of their parents, be between the ages of thirteen and seven-
teen, and stand four feet nine inches without shoes. Parish
boys, with such qualifications, received on payment of three
guineas. During the past year, 40 boys have been equipped
for the Indian navy, 209 for the merchant seavice, and 100
remain under training ; total number fitted out and pro-
vided for from first establishment to end of 1848, 48,350.
The support and continued prosperity of the society is well
provided for by its funded property, producing .£5,415 annu-
ally, besides which, ^730 is derived from duties and rents,
and above .£1000 from voluntary contributions. The dis-
bursements, according to the last cash statement, do not
exceed £5,500.
The society have also funds at their disposal to be applied,
in time of peace, to the apprenticing of poor girls ; bounty-
money for the relief of forty-three widows of navy captains
and lieutenants, elected annually ; and annuities to the suf-
ferers in the engagement under Lord Duncan, 1797. Appli-
cants to these funds must apply, either by letter or personally,
in the month of April, to the secretary, who will furnish the
requisite forms.
Qualification for a governor : a subscription of two guineas
annually ; or twelve guineas at one time. The annual court
is held in the month of February. Quarterly courts, Janu-
ary, April, July, and October. The committee meet every
Thursday at one o'clock, at the office.
President, Earl of Romney. — Treasurer, Henry Sykes Thorn-
ton, Esq., 20, Birchin-lane. — Chaplain, Rev. David Jones, B.D.
Honorary Physician, Dr. Black, 13, Bedford-square. — Hon. Con-
sulting Surgeon, James Luke, Esq. — Honorary Surgeon, George
Busk, Esq. — Surgeon, William Stuart, Esq. — Examining Surgeon,
James Sherwin, Esq. — Solicitor, John Young, Esq., 6, Sise-lane,
Bucklersbury.— Secretary, Mr. Thomas Plumstead Rust. — Assist.
Secretary, Mr. Samuel King. — Superintendent, Lieutenant Tho-
mas Eyton, R.N. — Schoolmaster, Mr. John Martin.
ROYAL NAVY ASYLUM, Greenwich. Instituted
1801. Incorporated with the Hospital, 1821. Occupies one
of the five pUes of building constituting the Royal Hospital,
316
PAROCHIAL (Etoratinnal Cjiaritigs. schools.
and consists of an upper and lower school,^ with four hundred
boys in each; the former being the sons of officers and seamen
in the royal navy and marines, and in the merchant service,
— receiving a practical education in navigation and nautical
astronomy ; the latter consisting of the sons of seamen in
the royal navy, or of non-commissioned officers and privates
of the royal marines, — who are instructed in reading, writing,
and arithmetic, and other useful information.
For account of Greenwich Hospital, vide page 215.
Chaplain, Rev. George Fisher, M. A. --Master of the Nautical
School, Mr. Edw. Riddle. — Head Master, Upper School, Rev.
James Hill. — Head Master, Lower School, Mr. Edward Hughes.
Before bringing the present chapter to a close, reference
must of necessity be made to the numerous parochial and
local schools ; but we cannot do so with any attempt at
aflfording information respecting them as complete and
particular as, from the data before us, inclination would
prompt : limits forbid it, — especially as the usefulness of
such information may be deemed questionable, confined, as
the benefits of the schools are, to the immediate neighbour-
hood where they are known. In every parish there are one
or more schools known as the " parochial schools," founded,
and often endowed, by the liberality of individual inhabi-
tants: their dates are very generally about the middle of
the seventeenth century ; and, according to Rapin, derived
their institution from the desire of "preventing the seduction
of the infant poor into Roman Catholic seminaries ; 3 James
II, 1687."^ The original design, in most instances, was, appa-
^ The Lower School was removed from Paddington to Greenwich, in
1807. It originated by an attempted fraud, in 1797, under the name of
" The British Endeavour," which ultimately resulted in the punishment
of its author by the defrauded subscribers, and the actual carrying out
of the plan under proper management.
* As Grammar Schools, many are of a much earlier date, as will be
seen in the next chapter : some, in course of time, becoming merely parish
schools; and others, by an accession of property, and concurrent advan-
tages, proving the future foundations of such establishments as Mercers',
Merchant Tailors', &c.
" Originally," Mr. Piatt states, " it must be supposed the schools of
London were exclusively dependent upon the religious houses to which
they were attached. A proof of the regular nature of the connexion is
to be found in the circumstances attending the gradual dissolution of the
317^
THE SOCIETY OF ^Hriir|jkl ^^rtHIlllS. PATRONS, A.D. 1701
rentljjto furnish not only instruction, but clothing and main-
tenance : these latter purposes have been, for many years
past, much encroached upon. In the general desire to extend
education, sad havoc has been made with the blue and green
parochial symbols of olden days ; in few institutions are
they now retained, and in fewer still is maintenance afforded,
and these only to a limited number. But there are excep-
tions ; and the more immediate purpose of the present chap-
ter being an account of school asylums for the necessitous,
it may be useful to include some of the principal of such
establishments, leaving further reference to such local and
district operations as are purely for educational purposes to
be comprehended under " Institutions for the General Ad-
vancement of National Instruction" — vide Chapter xvi.
Under the same subject will likewise be included Ragged
Schools, and London City Mission operations.
An account must first, however, be given of an institution
we had almost omitted to refer to, viz. —
THE PA TR0N8 of the ANNIVERSAR T of the Charity
Schools, established upon a very ancient foundation, 1704.
It comprises an association of treasurers, trustees, and sub-
scribers to charity schools, for the purpose of perpetuating
the anniversary meeting of the children of the charity schools
latter, from the time of Henry V." Stow, referring to the effect this pro-
duced upon education, points out that Henry II, to remedy the evil,
appointed tliat there should he Grammar Schools at St. Martin's-le-Grand,
St. Marylehone, Cheapside, St. Dunstan's in the West, and St. Anthony's
Hospital. The year following this ordinance, or in 1446, four other
Grammar Schools were added hy Pai'liament, namely, in the parishes of
St. Andrew's, Holborn; Allhallows the Great ; St. Peter's, Cornhill; and
St. Thoraas-of-Acon's Hospital, Cheapside. It may be doubted whether
this last measure proceeded beyond the stage of enactment; certain it is,
that, ten years later, we find four clergymen of the City petitioning Par-
liament for the power of providing each a Grammar School, " to ieach all
that will come." One of these was John Neal, the Master of St. Thomas-
of-Acon's. The petitioners complained, at the same time, that teaching
had become a monopoly, and observed : " Where there is a great number
of learners and few teachers, and all the learners are compelled to go to
the few teachers, and to none others, the masters wax rich in money, and
the learners poor in learning ; as experience openly showeth, against all
virtue and order of public weal." Mr. Piatt thinks that the school from
thence founded by Mr. Neil and his associates, formed the first founda-
tion of the present Mercers' School.
318
WESTMINSTER (BJiiitatiniial Cjjaritrps. schools, 1633-91
of London, Westminster, Southwark, and environs ; and
" thereby encouraging and maintaining these schools, they
being a great support to the Protestant religion and estab-
lished Church of England."
The anniversary is held annually at St. Paul's Cathedral,
and the amount collected is equally divided between the
Clergy Orphan School and the necessitous charity schools
attending.^ The committee meet, at seven o'clock in the
evening, on the first Tuesday in February, March, April, and
May, at the London Coffeehouse, Ludgate-hill, to manage
the affairs of the society.
Two guineas or upwards constitute a patron for life, from
such as are subscribers to some one charity school ; and no
person can be a patron of the Anniversary unless he sub-
scribes to a charity school. Each patron has a church-ticket
for the Anniversary by applying to the Secretary for the
same, either personally or by an order in writing.
President, Marquis of Westminster. — IVeasurers : Wm. Gilpin,
Esq., Northumberland-street, Strand ; and Samuel Fisher, Esq.,
Merchant Taylor's Hall, Threadneedle-street.— Bankers, Messrs.
Glyn, Halifax, Mills, and Co., Lombard-street. — Secretary, Mr.
Wm. Comwell, 81, Basinghall-street.
ST. MARGARErS HOSPITAL, Tothill Fields, West-
minster. Established and endowed 1633, by various benefac-
tors, and incorporated by charter of Charles I ; commonly
known as the " Green Coat School." The management is
vested in twenty governors, and is maintained for the benefit
of twenty-five children of St. Margaret's, Westminster, who
are educated, clothed, and wholly maintained by it. Appli-
cations to be made to the master of the school.
Treasurer, J. Burder, Esq. — Schoolmaster, Mr. J. G. Bruckner,
BLUB COAT SCHOOL, WESTMINSTER, Tothill
Fields, Westminster. Instituted 1688. No child can be
^ The sum taken at the doors of St. Paul's last year, was £6&7 ; and
the expenses of the anniversary, including the scaffolding, repairs, etc.,
£474. The subscriptions and donations, including £\(i from the Presi-
dent, ten guineas from the Lord Mayor, and £6(i from the Christian
Knowledge Society, amounted to ^6142 : the amount from dividends,
£192; which, after defraying the various expenses contingent on the
Society's management, etc., is about the amount generally divided : last
year, thus, — £45 to the Clergy Orphan School ; and £150 between ten
schools, in sums from £5 to twenty guineas each.
319
GREY COAT, 1698. I^HriltlirHl ^tjinillS. BUBLINGTOX, 1699
admitted whose parents have not been resident either in the
parish of St. Margaret or St. John the Evangelist, one year
previous to the time of presentation, and residing therein at
the time of admission. No child can be admitted under the
age of seven, or above the age of ten years. Only one of a
family can be admitted at the same time. Two guineas an-
nually, or upwards, entitles to present a child for admission
into the school in rotation, as vacancies arise.
Trustees : C. W. Hallett, Joseph Carter Wood, J. L. Elliot, and
James Lys Seager, Esqrs. — Treasurer, J. L. EUiot, Esq. — Physi-
cian, Dr. Todd. — Surgeon, J. White, Esq. — Master, Mr. William
Steains. — Matron, Mrs. Steains.
THE GREY COAT HOSPITAL, Tothill Fields, West-
minster. Founded 1698, and reconstituted 1706. Educates
and maintains sixty-seven boys and thirty-three girls, whose
parents must have had a legal settlement in the united pa-
rishes of St. Margaret and St. John the Evangelist, West-
minster, for a period of seven years next preceding the ad-
mission of such child. No child is admitted unless it be of
the full age of seven years, and under ten. Three guineas
or upwards annually, or 30 guineas at one time, constitutes
the right of presenting or recommending children in rotation,
subject to the regulations, which may be obtained at the
hospital between the hours of 9 and 10 a.m.
President, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurer, J. C. Wood,
Esq. — Head Master, Mr. Edmund J. Grove.— Secretary, Mr. G.
Vincent.
THE BURLINGTON CHARITY SCHOOL, Burling-
ton School-house, Boyle-street. Instituted 1699, for teaching
60 girls belonging to, or residing in the parish of St. James,
Westminster ; and in 1725 extended, by the opening of the
present building, for the entire maintenance of 35 : this
number, by the great benevolence of the worthy inhabitants,
the trustees have been enabled, from time to time, to aug-
ment to one hundred and ten. Children are admitted into
this school from eight to ten years of age, and continue
therein to the age of fifteen ; during which time they are
taught to read, write, and cast accounts ; sew, mark, mend,
and make ; and do household, kitchen, and laundry work ;
being entirely maintained at the expense of the charity.
The income is derived from dividends, to the amount of
£554 ; and from contributions, collections, and children's
320
MARYLEBONE,1750i£ilIItalilinal C^aritilS. Middlesex, 1781
work, nearly £800, aa amount but barely covering the ex-
penditure.
Applications for admission to be made at the school-house,
every Monday, at one o'clock. Admission is restricted to
the children of parishioners, or such as have resided in the
parish seven years, who can be recommended by subscribers,
preference being given to such as were married in the Esta-
blished Church, and the children baptised within one year of
birth.
Treasurer, William Aldous, Esq., 28, Argyll-street. —Secretary
and Collector, Mr. William Hewer, 22, Warwick-street.
CHARITY SCHOOL of the whole Parish of St. Mary-U-
bone, Devonshire-place North, New-road. Established 1750.
Maintains, clothes, educates, and qualifies for useful servants
one hundred and thirty-five girls, children of poor parishio-
ners, till the age of fifteen years, when they are placed out
to service. They then receive a bible and prayer-book ; and
a reward of two guineas is given, on bringing a testimonial
from their master or mistress of a two years' faithful service.
The committee of management meet the first Monday in
each month, at eleven o'clock. General meetings for the
election of girls on the 12th of May and 10th of November.
All subscribers have a vote for each guinea annual subscrip-
tion.
Treasurer, J. H. Pope, Esq., 39, York-place, Portman-square.
— Bankers, Sir S. Scott, Bart., and Co.^ — Secretary, Mr. John
Tweddell, School-house, New-road.— Mistress, Miss Cann.
The following are a few institutions that, notwithstanding
their partly local character, claim notice, either from their
position or distinctive features ; and including, as they
mostly do, the clothing of the objects of their charity, they
may legitimately be inserted under the present subject.
MIDDLESEX SOCIETY, for Educating Poor Children
in the Protestant Religion, atidfor Clothing tliem, — although
termed a Society, consists of a boys' and girls' schools only,
in Cannon-street-road, St. George's, instituted 1781, where
about 100 orphans, or other necessitous and destitute chil-
dren, who have no parochial settlement, are received, and
carefully instructed in the principles of the Protestant reli-
gion. About 4,000 children have been thus educated ; the
present number in the schools, is 70 girls and 30 boys, half
of whom are annually clothed.
321
GEllMAN SCHOOL. JUrSl JlfhlllllS. ASSOC. CATHOLIC.
One guinea annually, or ten guineas at one time, consti-
tutes a governor, who is entitled to nominate a child.
Treasurer, Rev. W. Archer. — Trustee, Rev. W. Queckett, M.A.
— Collector, Mr. Bowles, 109, Upper Thames-street.
THE GERMAN SCHOOL, Savoy, Strand. Founded
1743. Is attached to the German Lutheran Church in the
Savoy, and affords education and clothing only to the chil-
dren of poor Germans, the number of whom varies from forty
to eighty. It consists of an establishment for boys, and one
for girls ; the former being instructed in German and Eng-
lish, in reading, writing, and arithmetic ; the girls in the
same, with the addition of needlework, particular attention
being paid to their religious instruction. Under the super-
intendence of the minister and churchwardens, for the time
being, of the German Lutheran Church, Savoy, Strand. It
is supported wholly by contributions ; and, as is represented,
stands greatly in need of support.
THE ASSOCIATED CATHOLIC CHARITIES, 16,
Great Windmill-street. Under this title is combined the
management and direction of the various charities for edu-
cating, clothing, and apprenticing the children of poor
Roman Catholics ; also one for orphans. Situated in various
parts of the metropolis, these charities, it is stated, educate,
and in part clothe, 1,500 children of both sexes. Applica-
tions for the benefits of any of the establishments must be
addressed to the committee, to the care of the secretaries.
The general committee meet quarterly; the rotary and
finance, monthly.
President, Duke of Norfolk. — Honorary General Secretary,
C. J. Pagliano, Esq., 28, Golden-sq. — Treasurer, Sir R. Throck-
morton, Bart. — Assistant Secretaries : Mr. T. Blount, 2, Leicester-
place ; Mr. Walker, 9, Castle-street, Holbom.
EAST LONDON ENGLISH and IRISH SCHOOLS,
Goodman' S'yard, Minories, Established 1817. For the edu-
cation of the children of the English and Irish poor of both
sexes. All children of five years of age and upwards are
admissible, on the recommendation of a subscriber. Appli-
cations for admission must be made to the master, and con-
firmed by the committee, who meet for business the third
Wednesday of every month.
Every annual subscriber of one guinea, or donof of five
guineas, is entitled to have one child constantly in the school.
322
jews' orphan, (fee. (Btoatiflnal Cljaritips. a.d. i664, &c.
Presidents : Right Hon. Lord Brougham ; Right Hon. Henry
Goulboum, M.P. — Treasurer, T. C. Haywood, Esq., 95, Minories.
— Secretary, Mr. Charles Brace. — Collector, Mr. W. Eddrup.
The following comprehends the various educational asy-
lums connected with the Jewish persuasion, including those
associated with the synagogues, for instruction only ; with
the view of presenting the whole together for facility of
reference.
JEWS' ORPHAN ASYLUM, 69, Leman-street, Good-
man's-fields. Established 1831. For maintaining, clothing,
educating, and apprenticing Jewish children destitute of
both parents. Supported by voluntary contributions.
President, Frederick Hart, Esq.- — Chairman of the House Com-
mittee, Mr. Dias, 11, Duke-street. — Treasurer, Samuel Moses, Esq.
— Master of the Asylum, Mr. Franklin. — Secretary, Mr. A. Saqui,
at the Asylum. — Collector, Mr. Emanuel.
GATES OF HOPE, and other Charity Schools, 11, Bevis-
marks. The following have been instituted in the congre-
gation of Jews, denominated "Spanish and Portuguese Jews,"
the first who settled in this country during the protectorate
of Cromwell ; their synagogue, the most ancient, and the
only one they have in England — except one, erected and
supported at his own expense by Sir Moses Montefiore, at
Ramsgate — is situate in Bevis-marks, St. Mary-Axe.
The National School. Founded 1664. Called " Sheare
Ticksa" in Hebrew, or "Gates of Hope", situate on the
synagogue premises, in Heneage-lane, Bevis-marks ; consists
of a preparatory school ; open to all the male children of the
poor, from the age of five years, who, on the recommenda-
tion of a subscriber, or the wardens of the synagogue, are
immediately admitted, without any election. They are edu-
cated and partially clothed ; also
An Upper School, limited to forty hoys, who are elected
half-yearly from the preparatory school ; these are wholly
clothed, and, on leaving the school, are apprenticed to useful
trades. The institution is supported by voluntary contribu-
tions, which being inadequate, it receives an annual grant
from the elders of the congregation, from the synagogue
funds.
Ten shillings annually, or £5 donation, entitles to a yearly
presentation of one pupil to the preparatory school ; one
guinea annually, or ten guineas donation, to vote at all eiec-
323
SYNAGOGDE, iSBHliSJj itjjIIlllS. SCHOOLS, <tc.
tions for the upper school. Subscription to the two schools,
£\. 6s. annually, or £\5. 10s. for life.
President, Nathaniel Montefiore, Esq. — Treasurer, Joseph Se-
bag, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. Judah Azuelos.
The National and Infant School, or " The Path of Truth",
situate also on these premises, which admits children from
the age of two years, both boys and girls. This is also sup-
ported by an annual grant from the elders. There are at
present one hundred and fifty children on this establishment,
and it is managed by a committee of ladies. Secretary,
Mrs. S. Almosino.
The Orphan School, situate on the synagogue premises,
founded in 1703. This institution boards, clothes, and edu-
cates fatherless children, who, on leaving the school, are ap-
prenticed to useful trades. It is supported by voluntary
contributions, and by the interest on its endowment funds
bequeathed by the late Moses Lamego, Esq.
President, Daniel Depass, Esq. — Treasurer, Haim Guedalla, Esq.
— Secretary, Mr. Judah Azuelos.
JEWS' FREE SCHOOL, Bell-lane, Spitalfields. Insti-
tuted 1817. For the education of 600 boys and 300 girls
(now near 400). The boys are taught Hebrew, English, and
arithmetic ; the girls are taught reading, writing, and
needlework. The system of education pursued partakes of
parts both of Lancaster's and BeU's. Twenty or thirty of
the boys (who must be elected for the purpose) are educated
at the " Talmud Torah", a superior school, where instruction
is afforded of a more advanced character. The number of
children who have benefited by this institution may be
stated as follows : — boys, 3,292 left, 555 present ; girls,
1,420 left, 400 present. The whole of the children are an-
nually clothed, through the liberality of one individual, who
has continued the same ever since 1822 (Baroness Rothschild).
President, Sir Anthony De Rothschild, Bart. — Treasurers :
S. L. De Symons, Esq., 9, Cumberland-street, Portman-square ;
A. Davis, Esq., 60, Hounsditch. — Secretary, Mr. S. Solomon, 5,
Hounsditch.
WESTERN JEWISH GIRLS' FREE SCHOOL, 20,
Dean-street, Soho. Instituted 1846. Affords good secular
and Jewish religious education to sixty-three girls, gratui-
tously. Supported by contributions, and promoted by the
chief rabbi and most inliuential Jews. The Duke of Cam-
324
WESTERN, boys'. ^JDliSJl ^tljDnlS. METROPOLITAN.
bridge is patron, and generally presides at the annual exa-
mination. President, Mr. J. M. Johnson.
WESTERN JEWISH FREE SCHOOL for Boys, 59a,
Greek-street, Soho, provides like instruction for about sixty
boys. It is in immediate contemplation uniting these two
schools under one management. Present officers are : Mr.
H. L. Keeling, President ; Mr. A. Kisch, Western Synagogue
Chambers, St. Alban's-place. The present income for each
school is about £200 per annum,
WEST METROPOLITA N JEWISH SCHOOL. Boys'
school, 256, High Holborn ; opened 1845 ; sixty -five boys.
Girls' school, 12, Little Queen-street ; opened 1846 ; thirty
girls.
Chairman, F. D. Goldsmid, Esq. — Treasurer and Hon. Secre-
tary, Jacob L. Elkin, Esq., 20, Upper Bedford-place, Russell-sq.
325
(BhtatinEHl ^nnniiatinns.
CHAPTER XV.
EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS, COLLEGES,
AND GRAMMAR SCHOOLS.
Extent of the Endowments for Classical and Grammar Schools. — Their
Value to the Middle Classes. — Their Origin and Progress. — Value of
London Endowments; of Rugby and Tunbridge Schools. — Summary
of Educational Endowments in London, Classical Foundation Schools :
St. Paul's and Mercers' Schools — Christ's Hospital. — Merchant Tay-
lors'. — Westminster. — CharterHouse, and others. — Summary of Schools
originally Grammar and Classical. — Collegiate I.«ctures, etc. — Colleges
and Modem Schools : Stepney. — Highbury. — Hommerton. — St. John's
Wood, etc. — University College and King's College. — Queen's College.
— City of London. — Islington. — Philological School, and others. —
Royal Academy of Music, and Royal Naval and Female Schools.
Before entering upon the vast machinery of operations for
extending education in its broad and comprehensive mean-
ing, religious and secular, it will be well to devote a chapter
to the consideration of those establishments in the metro-
polis, that render to the youth of the middle classes services
similar to those bestowed on the necessitous, as mentioned in
our last chapter. The charitable and liberal character of the
latter enshrine them, with an interest, in the mind of the
philanthropist and the Christian, only to be equalled by the
important considerations involved in the right direction and
continued well-being of the former. No thoughtful persons,
indeed, can close their minds to the conviction of the exten-
sive influence these strongholds of education must exercise
over the welfare of the present and future generations ; and
this feeling of powerful interest that a contemplation of them
engenders, is greatly increased by the reflection, that they
are, for the most part, so amply endowed as to require no
32 6
(StrntHtinnal ^nnnhtiDns.
extraneous aid, and that their means of usefulness rest en-
tirely on the internal direction of their affairs and the indi-
vidual application of their benefits.
It is a significant circumstance, strongly connective of
Education and Christianity, that the earliest schools in Eng-
land were founded at Canterbury, by the bishop to whom we
owe the inti-oduction of the faith. These, according to the
venerable Bede, were greatly improved and enlarged by
Theodore, the successor to the archbishopric, who, with his
friend Adrian, personally instructed crowds of pupils in divi-
nity, astronomy, medicine, etc., and the Greek and Latin
languages. The impulse then given spread ; schools multi-
plied, until, in a Very short time, they were generally to be
found connected with monasteries, and, more particularly, at
the different seats of the bishops. There appears every
reason to believe, that in the seventh century London had
various schools, most probably the original foundations of
such as afterwards constituted our present establishments of
St. Paul's and Westminster.
After the Danish deluge, scarcely a single school of the
higher class appears to have preserved its integrity. Some
idea of this may be conceived from the well known fact that
King Alfred, in the second half of the ninth century, could
find no masters to instruct him in the higher branches of
knowledge. Under the auspices, however, of that truly great
monarch, the schools were soon restored and reanimated.
His biographer, Asser, expressly mentions one he founded
for the sons of the nobility ; and for the support of which he
devoted the enormous amount of one-eighth of his kingly
revenue. Further records of early education present many
fluctuations of prosperity and decline, until the fourteenth
century, when, as represented by Messrs. Piatt and Saunders
in their paper on "Ancient Education in London" (from
which we have derived much information), the almost incre-
dible record appears, that there were as many as thirty thou-
sand students at Oxford, and probably still more at Paris, —
looking somewhat like an universal diffusion of education.
In the Reformation may be traced the great impetus im-
mediately given to the progress of metropolitan educational
establishments. At first it appears as if the effect were two-
fold ; by breaking up the religious houses, it destroyed nearly
all the schools : but, on the other hand, the dormant intel-
lect awakened about the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries,
327
(gkfatinnal ^nnnbatinns.
producing that Reformation, acted in the highest degree
favourably to the inculcation of knowledge. The Greek ver-
sion of the New Testament becoming the universal standard
of authority, as appealed to by the reformers in all their
religious contests, peculiarly acted upon and induced the
desire for classical learning. New colleges at the universities
sprang into existence with startling rapidity ; new schools
were established, almost as fast as the reforming king had
destroyed them ; and the foundation was laid for that effi-
cient and permanent establishment of solid educational in-
stitutions, the full blessing and benefit of which we enjoy to
the present day.i Hence it is, that of the exceedingly nu-
merous body of grammar schools scattered over every part
of the country, nearly the whole were founded in the six-
teenth and the seventeenth ceaturies ; and hence, it will be
seen by the following chapter, that the whole of the older
^ Their present flourishing condition, it will be well to bear in mind,
does not always afford an evidence of the liberality of the age : much
must, as before referred to with regard to other charitable foundations,
be attributable, to someextent, to the increased value of property through-
out London. This is especially developed in the instances of the Rugby
and Tunbridge schools, — institutions which have obtained an importance
their founders could have had no conception of. Thus we read, that
when " Lawrence Sheriffe, grocer and citizen of London, left the third
part of a field of twenty-four acres, in the parish of Holborn, for the en-
dowment of a grammar-school at Rugby, it produced only £8 a year.
This field was called the Conduit Close, and was nearly half-a-mile from
any house. It is now covered with buildings, and the rental exceeds
^'10,000 a year. In the same way, and about the same time. Sir Andrew
Judd founded the grammar-school at Tunbridge, endowing it with pro-
perty in the City, and also with his ' croft of pasture, with the appurte-
nances.called the Sandhills,situate and being on the back side of Holborn,
in the parish of St. Pancras," and then valued at £1S 6s. This property
is situated on each side of the New-road, and now forms a part of Judd-
place and Burtoncresceut. It was let, in 1807, on a lease of ninety-nine
years, at .£2,700 a year. The property in Gracechurch street, which, in
15.38, produced only £23 13s. 4d. a year, was let, in 1822, for ^£490.
Other property in St. Mary Axe, tlie rental of which was £5 a year in
loo8, was let, in 1822, for .£160 ; at which time the yearly rents of the
property bequeathed by Sir Andrew, amounted to £4,306. By the ad-
vance of the country in wealth, such charities have become, in many
instances, truly splendid and munificent. Sir Andrew Judd's school now
enjoys sixteen exhibitions of £100 each, payable out of the founder's
endowment, and tenable at any college out of either University."
328
ST. PAUL'S f iraratinEHl ^nirofeatinns. school, a.d.isoo
schools of the metropolis, with the single exception of the
Charter House, in the early part of the seventeenth (detailed
in a previous chapter), date their establishment, on the pre-
sent basis, from the same period.
There are ten institutions of what may be
termed a first class character, affording a clas-
sical education at one time to the number of 2,995
of these, 1,660 are wholly maintained (at
three schools only),
the aggregate amount of annual income
of these establishments, as near as can
be arrived at, amounts to - - ^93,112
arising chiefly from endowments ; with
the exception of about ^'15,000, de-
rived from present contributions, and
payments of pupils, <fec.
Besides these establishments, are many con-
ducted now as non-classical schools, and
others of a purely local character.
This chapter likewise affords accounts of seve-
ral modern colleges and schools, which, from
the close similarity of character they more
or less partake of with the old foundations,
it has been thought well to include : such
are mostly self-supporting, and their in-
comes consequently devoid of interest.
Lastly, are four establishments, supported in
part by the benevolent, in order to impart
education, and, in some instances, afford
maintenance, to the children of distressed
professional persons.
educating _ . . _ 453
(maintaining 283).
conducted at an annual cost of - - .£13,300
of which, there is derived from voluntary
contributions, nearly - - - 4,000
ST. PA UrS SCHOOL, St. Paul's Church-yard. Founded
1509, and endowed by Dr. John Colet, Dean of St. Paul's,
the friend of More and Erasmus ■} for the education of one
• " This one divine, master Colet, was more than a match for 11s all ;
he seemed to be filled with a divine spirit, and to he somewhat above a
man. He spoke not only with his voice, bnt with his eyes, liis counte-
nance, and his whole demeanour." — Erainm*.
329
ST. PAUL'S (Etoratinnai jFnnntoinns. school,a.d.i509
hundred and fifty-three^ boys, of all countries indiffer-
ently.
The excellent founder devoted, we learn, nearly the whole
of his private estate to the foundation, endowing it with
houses and lands of the present value of above £5,000 per
annum, but producing at the time less than £200. The first
head master was his own appointment, devolving upon Wil-
liam Lily, the eminent grammarian, and "the most dear
companion" of Sir 'Jhomas More. Lily, it is stated, was the
first teacher of Greek in the metropolis after the revival of
letters ; and the success of the school under his direction
proved the dean's choice a good one: during the twelve 2
years he conducted it, a host of excellent scholars were sent
forth into the different departments of public life, amongst
whom may be mentioned Sir Anthony Denny, Leland, and
Lord North : of the eminent men since Leland's time, space
will not admit enumeration, beyond John Milton, Scar-
borough (the physician), Pepys, Calamy, and Marlborough.
The school is under the entire management of the Mer-
cers' Company : the master of the company, as " senior syx~
veyor", holds the right of nomination ; but it is generally
exercised by all the members, to a certain extent, in rota-
tion. The founder's views in thus stepping out of his class
to find trustees among laymen, is thus explained in a letter
by his friend Erasmus to Jonas : — " After he had finished
all, he left the perpetual care and oversight of the estate,
not to the clergy, not to the bishop, not to the chapter, nor
to any great minister at court, but amongst the married lay-
men, — to the Company of Mercers, men of property and
reputation ; and when he was asked the reason of so com-
mitting the trust, he answered to this effect, — that there was
no absolute certainty in human affairs, but, for his part, he
found less corruption in such a body of citizens than in any
other order or degree of mankind." "Words," justly re-
marks Mr. Piatt, "that surely should animate with the best
possible spirit the trustees thus called upon to discharge
their duties with fidelity."^
^ The conceit for this number was derived from the lext, — " Simon
Peter went up, and drew the net to land full of great fishes, an hundred
and fifty and three ; and for all there were so many, yet was not the net
broken." (John xxi, 11 )
^ Lily died of the pln^ue in 1523.six years after his friend and patron.
•• Knight's London, vol. vi, p. 10.
330
MERCEBs' <|gtoratinnal ^mmbatinns . school,a.d.i522
The school at present consists of eight forms or classes ;
the first receiving the pupil, instructing him in the rudi-
ments, the last dismissing hiui with a sound mathematical
and classical education, including Greek, Latin, and Hebrew.
The age of scholars at admission must not exceed fifteen.
The only expense is that for books. There are several very-
valuable exhibitions held for the benefit of the scholars who
have been four years on the foundation, and admitted under
twelve years of age; nine of them are of the annual value of
£] 00 for five years, arising from bequests of Viscount Camp-
den, 1685, and the munificent endowment of the founder;
nine others, for five years, of £50, and several more of less
value. The exhibitors are chosen by the trustees, after a
strict examination of the whole school, occupying the first
three days of the fourth week after Easter, when it is usual
to commemorate the founder, by an oration composed by the
senior boy, and several valuable prizes are presented from
the governors. The first school was destroyed in the fire of
1666. The present building was erected in 1824, under the
superintendence of George Smith, Esq.
High Master, Rev. H. Kynaston, D.D. — Second Master, Rev.
J. P. Bean, M.A. — Third Master, Rev. J. Cooper, M.A.— Fourth
Master, Rev. C. C. Roberts, M.A. — Mathematical Master, Geo.
Lambert, Esq. — Examiners : Rev. T. H. Steel, M.A.; Rev. R. W.
Brown, M.A.
MERCERS' GRAMMAR ^CiTOOX, College-hill. Founded
1522 ; but erected previously, as part of the ancient hospital
of St. Thomas of Acors,^and in 1531 was purchased by the
Mercers' Company of Henry VIII, for £969 17s. 6d., who
undertook, at their cost and charge, to keep a grammar
school, and educate twenty-five children for ever, with a suf-
ficient master.2 In 1804, the Company departed from the
strictly classical system pursued, by including the other
branches of a sound general education ; in 1809 increasing
the number of scholars to thirty-five ; and since then again,
to seventy. As at St. Paul's, the instruction is perfectly
■* The foundation of the original .school as a part of the hospital, may
be traced to the petition of John Neil, sometime the master of the hospital.
Vide note, page 317.
^ This was a rare exception as regards the stipulation ; and owing to
the instrumentality (according to Strype) of Sir Thomas Greshara iit
maliing the arrangement, rather than to royal precaution.
331
CHRIST'S Hosp. (BtoHtianal ^nunbatiDM. a.d.isss
free. There are no restrictions as to age or place of resi-
dence of scholars, but a certain proficiency is deemed indis-
pensable. The boys are selected in turn by the master and
three wardens of the company ; two exhibitions, of the value
of about £50 each, are held by the will of T. Rich, Esq.,
1672, who further endowed the school. It may be interest-
ing to mention, that Dr. Colet was a member of the original
school ; also Sir Thomas Gresham, Sir Lionel, afterwards
Lord Cranfield, and Bishop Wren. The present building was
erected within the last few years, from the designs of George
Smith, Esq.
Head Master, Rev. John Smith, M.A. — Classical Master, R«v.
T. Hill, M. A.— Writing Master, Mr- W. Patrickson. — French
Master, Mr. Wattez.
CHRIST S HOSPITAL, Newgate-street. Is one of the
five Royal Hospitals of the city of London, having been
founded by letters patent of King Edward VI, dated 26
June 1553, at the same time as St. Thomas's and Bridewell
Hospitals.^
Besides the Lord Mayor, and Court of Aldermen, and
twelve members of the Common Council, who are governors
ex ojjicio, there are between four and five hundred noblemen
and gentlemen, who have been elected governors by reason of
their donations to the institution, at the head of whom are
Her Majesty and H.R.H. Prince Albert, with their R.H. the
Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred, and Prince George of
Cambridge. The number of children on the foundation,
who are wholly maintained and educated, varies from 1,400
to 1,500, including those at the branch establishment at
Hertford (founded 1683). About two hundred are admitted
annually, always going first to Hertford. The age of ad-
mission is from seven to ten years ; and the mode of admis-
sion is by presentation of a governor. Her Majesty, the Lord
Mayor, and Court of Aldermen present annually, and the
other governors have presentations in rotation, as far as the
number of children to be admitted in each year will extend ;
so that they have the privilege about once in three or four
^ Large portions of the building having fallen into decay, have been
rebuilt. In 1822 the new infirmary was completed ; and \pril 1825, the
first stone of the present magnificent hall was laid by the Duke of York.
The building is of the Tudor style of architecture, and one of the noblest
in the metropolis. It was built from designs by John Shaw, Esq.
332
CHRIST'S Hosp. f totinnal ^nim&atinns. a.d. 1553
years. The chief qualification for obtaining a presentation
rests in their parents not possessing a larger income than
^250 per annum ; but, in cases of large families, this regu-
lation is often extended. A list of the governors having
appointments is published annually in March, and is to be
had at the counting-house of the hospital.
The education of the boys consists of reading, writing, and
arithmetic, French, the classics, and mathematics. There
are sixteen exhibitions for scholars at the universities of
Oxford and Cambridge: those at Oxford being £100, and
those at Cambridge, £80 per annum ; besides a " Pitt Scho-
larship", also a " Times Scholarship" (value £30 for four
years), established by the merchants and traders of the city,
as a testimonial of their appreciation of the indefatigable
perseverance with which that powex'ful journal exposed an
extensive mercantile fraud. The "Grecians" are the sixteen
senior boys, who alone remain at the school after fifteen
years of age : they remain until nineteen or twenty, and
four go off every year to Oxford or Cambridge, upon the
above-mentioned exhibitions : mostly entering at Pembroke
College, Cambridge, in consequence of the advantages held
out by the will of Mr. Sergeant Moses.
Forty of the boys are instructed in navigation, on the
foundation of King Charles II, ten of whom are required to
pass out annually to sea-service, having undergone an exa-
mination previously at the Trinity House.
The annual income of the hospital is necessarily a very
large one, and includes an average of the following items :
from rents of estates, £28,000 ; dividends on stock and an-
nuities, £10,600 ; from governors' contributions, £9,000 to
£10,000 ; and the remainder from special endowment funds,
to mathematical boys, etc., casual receipts, legacies, etc. ;
amounting, from all sources, to £60,600, from which, about
£9,000 being deducted for rent and other charges, a clear
net amount for general purposes of maintenance, education,
and establishment is left, of upwards of £50,000. The dis-
bursements, in ordinary years, do not exceed £48,000 ; and
legacies, as far as expenses will allow, are funded.
Amongst the separate trusts held by the governors of the
hospital, is Mrs. Bowerman's, from which about £600 per
annum is distributed to poor widows, at £6 each. " Hether-
ington's Charities to the Blind", augmented by others, is
very extensive, as detailed page 183 ; and, included in the
333
MERCHANT igkratinnfll /niintoinns. taylors', isei
statement of income, as already given, are the endowments
of Pennoyer's Travers', Holditch's, and others, for various
purposes connected with the hospital, such as apprenticing
boys, etc. ; Mrs. West's, maintaining alone forty-one boys
in the establishment, at a cost of .£1,400 per annum.
President, William Thompson, Esq., Aid., M.P. — Treasurer,
William Gilpin, Esq. — Physician, Clement Hue, M.D. — Surgeon,
Eusebius A. Lloyd, Esq. — Chief Clerk, George TroUope, Esq. —
Receiver, Mr. Ralph Peacock. — Wardrobe Keeper, Mr. M. S. S.
Dipnall.- — Assist. Clerks, Mr. C. T. B. Keep, and Mr. J. Morris.
—Head ilaster, Rev. Edward Rice, D.D. — Assistant ditto, R«v.
J. T. White, M.A. — Second Masters : Rev. Chas. Cheyne, M.A. ;
Rev. Robert South, M.A. — Third Masters : Rev. James ITiomson,
M. A. ; Rev. John CoUingwood, M.A. — Head Mathematical Master,
Rev. William Webster, M.A.— Second ditto. Rev. ITios. W. H.
Gumey, B.A.; and Mr. F. W. Goldsmith. — Drawing Master,
Mr. Wm. Henry Back. — French Master, Mr. C. J. Lelile. — Music
Master, Mr. George Cooper. — Resident Surgeon and Apothecary,
T. Stone, Esq.^ — Steward, Mr. Geo. Brooks. — Matron, Mrs. Oliver.
At Hertford : Granunar Master and Catechist, R«v. Nathaniel
Keymer, M.A. — Steward, Mr. George Ludlow. — Matron, Mrs.
Moore.
MERCHANT TA YLORS' SCHOOL, Suffolk-lane, Can-
non-street. Established 1561. For the education of children
of all nations and countries indifferently, to the extent of
no less than two hundred and fifty scholars, by moderate
payment.
This is one of the most eminent establishments in England,
and was founded by the gift of .£500 from Richard Hilles,
some time master of the Merchant Taylors' Company, and
other subscriptions from members of the court, among whom
was Sir Thomas White, the founder of St. John's College,
Oxford. With these funds the Company purchased a large
portion of a palace, originally built in the reign of Edward
[II, and which had successively belonged to the De la Poles
Dukes of Suffolk (whence the name, Suffolk-lane), and the
i)uke8 of Buckingham. It was called the Manor of the
Rose. This edifice was destroyed by the great fire in 1666.
Soon afterwards the present buildings were erected, from
the designs of Sir C. Wren, whose father had been educated
at the school.^
^ Amongst other eminent scholars here educated, maybe named Bishops
Andrewes, Dove, and Tompson, — three of the translators t f the Bible;
Edwin Sandys, the traveller ; Archbishop Juxon, wlio attended tW
334
ST. saviour's f tatHtimial l^nnnimtinns. school,a.d.i662
The college of St. John the Baptist, at Oxford, is con-
nected, principally, with Merchant Taylors' School ; the boys
of which are entitled to thirty-seven, cut of the fifty, fellow-
ships with which it is endowed. The school possesses, also,
a large number of exhibitions at both the universities,
averaging from £30 to =£80 per annum, each.
As the school is supported by the Merchant Taylors'
Company, the statutes for instruction, terms, and mode of
admission, have varied from time to time, according to the
will of the governors ; but Hebrew, Greek, and Latin have
been taught since its foundation ; mathematics, writing,
and arithmetic were introduced in 1829 ; and French, and
the study of modern history, in 1845. The present terms
are ten guineas per annum. Boys are admitted on the nomi-
nation of the forty members of the Court of Assistants of
the Merchant Taylors' Company, in rotation.
For the better inquiry into the proficiency of the scholars, '
there are two probations in the year, in December, and on
the 11th of June. On the latter of these occasions, liberal
prizes are awarded, and scholars elected to St. John's Col-
lege, Oxford.
Head Master, Rev. James Augustus Hessey, D.C.L. — Under
Ma.sters : Rev. J. B. Deane, M.A. ; Rev. T. H. Russell, H.l).,
Rev. E. West, M.A. —Mathematical Masters : Rev. J. B. Deane,
M.A.; Rev. J. A. L. Airey, M.A.; Mr. S. H. Russell.— French
Ma»sters : Mons. C. J. Delille, Mons. W. Chapman. — Writing
Masters : Mr. R. F. Clarke, Mr. L. Barlow.
ST. SAVIOUR'S GRAM3fAR SCHOOL, Southwark.
Established 1562. This establishment was founded by the
parish,! and confirmed by letters patent of Queen Elizabeth,
unfortunate Charles 1 to the scaffold ; Bishop Hopkins, of Londonderry ;
Archbishops Sir William Dawes, Gilbert, and Boulter ; Bishop Van
Mildert ; Bishop Nixon, of Tasmania; and twelve other prelates; Shirley
the poet ; Charles Whealley, the ritualist ; Lord Clive ; Lieut.-Col. Den-
ham, the African traveller ; and many shining characters of modem times.
1 Founded at the instance of Thomas Cure. Amongst the practical
rules provided by the founders, the following occurs for observance in
the choice of a master : " The master to be a man of a wise, sociable, and
loving disposition, not hasty or furious, nor of any ill example ; he shall
be wise and of good experience, to discern the nature of every several
child ; to work upon tlie disposition for the greatest advantage, benefit,
and comfort of the child ; to learn with the love of his book." It was
necessary then, as now, to add — " if such au one may be got." — Carlink.
335
HiGHGATE (Biiiitatinnai jPnuiitoinns. school.a.d.isgs
and is under the management of six governors. For chil-
dren of the poor of the parish ; number not to exceed one
hundred. The scholars pay £1 per annum to the classical,
and the like to the writing classes.
Visitor, the Bishop of Winchester. — Governors : William Pott,
Esq. (Treasurer) ; G. Perkins, Charles Pott, F. Perkins, Charles
James Bevan, A. Clark, Esqrs. — Head Master, Kev. Alfred Povah.
— Under Master, W. 11. Blunt, Esq., B.A. — Writing Master, Mr.
Samuel Spiller.
HIGHGATE GRAMMAR SCHOOL. Founded 15C5;
reconstituted 1826, until when, the school was conducted
only for teaching writing and arithmetic ; but it was then
declared, by decree of Chancery, to be in strict accordance
with the will of the founder. Sir Roger Cholmley, that it
should be maintained as a free grammar school. A new
scheme was ordered, and, after reference to the masters, the
present regulations finally agreed to.
Forty scholars out of the towns of Highgate, Holloway,
Hornsey, etc., are to be educated free, in conformity with
the doctrines of the Church of England, and taught the
Latin and Greek languages.
Each boy must be eight years old on admission ; be able
to read and write ; and acquainted with the two first rules
of arithmetic ; and pay £\ Is. entrance fee to library.
The master's salary is fixed at £400 per annum, with the
privilege of taking as many scholars as he conveniently can,
after the free number, at £12 12s. per annum each.
The estates of the school produce about £1,500 a year ;
the governors have appropriated a portion for founding
exhibitions of £50 each per annum, for four years. Master,
Rev. J. B. Dyne.
ST. OLA VE'S <& ST. JOHN'S GRAMMAR SCHOOL,
Bermondsey-street, Southwark. Founded 1571, by letters
patent, 13th Elizabeth,^ incorporated under sixteen gover-
nors, for "children and younglings, as well of rich as the
poor, being inhabitants of these parishes." Instruction
prescribed is, the Latin and English tongues, writing, and
accounts. The classical school consists of 320 boys ; the
^ " The Queen couseuteil,it appears, to become the patron, and it was
consequently called her school ; but her name, and a legal status, seems
to have been all she gave to it." — Knight's London.
336
WESTMINSTER (jghrattHnal ^nHnbatiniis. a.d. isoo
branch school of 250 boys ; instructed in writing, reading,
and accounts. Children are admitted to both schools by
presentations, signed by a governor, and easily attainable
by any residents within the limits of the two parishes. The
age of admittance is six or seven, apd the hoys remain,
generally, until fourteen, when thos^^of humbler condition
are apprenticed ; others, who are studying for the learned
professions, may remain almost an unlimited time. The
court have power to award four presentations to Oxford or
Cambridge, value from iJ50 to £80 each ; also ten yearly
apprentice fees, of £10 each. This is, we believe, now con-
sidered one of the most valuable of metropolitan schools,
the funds having of late years greatly increased, and amount
at present time to nearly £3,900 per annum. Mr. Piatt, in
referring to this, says: "With the enlargement of the means
the ends have been pursued in a corresponding liberal spirit.
The school is exclusively for the parish, or rather the two
parishes, into which the old St, Olave's has been divided,
and is only the more efficient for that exclusiveness, since
the number of children taught is so large that undue pre-
ferences, whether of persons or of classes, become alike
unnecessary, and impracticable to any important extent.
The palish, therefore, is, and must be, done justice to."
Visitor, Bishop of Winchester. — Warden, John Ledger, Esq.
— Head Master, Rev. C. Mackenzie, M.A. — Mathematical, Kev.
R. B. Gibson, M.A.
ST. PETER'S COLLEGE, WEST2IINSTER, South
side of Westminster Abbey. Founded 1590, by Queen Eliza-
beth, for the classical education and maintenance of forty
boys, who are prepared for the university, and called Queen's
Scholars. They wear a cap and gown, and pay for education
about i/'16 per annum, including private lessons, and lectures
on mathematics ; but there are several charges, in the way
of extras, that amount in the aggregate to a considerable
sum for each scholar to pay. There are likewise four boys,
educated free, termed Bishop's Boys, who wear a purple
gown, and have £60 annually divided amongst them, under
a bequest from Dr. Williams, Bishop of Lincoln (1628), who
likewise founded four scholarships at St. John's College,
Cambridge, for the boys on this foundation, value about £20
each for four years. Besides these, a great number of the
sons of the nobility and gentry are educated here, which has
337
CAMBERWELL, (Bkratinnai j^nnnhtinns. a.d. leis
rendered it one of the most celebrated schools of the king-
dom. Amongst the great men educated here, it will be
interesting to enumerate Dryden, Locke, Smith, Prior, Rowe,
Settle, Bishop Newton, Churchill, Lloyd, Warren Hastings,
etc.
From six to eight scholars go off annually, either to Christ
Church, Oxford, or Trinity College, Cambridge, according
to vacancies (value of scholarships, about £60 a-year), and
their places, and other vacancies that occur, are again filled
up, by competition amongst the scholars from the fourth
and fifth forms. The candidates having been decided upon,
they are left to contend with each other in Latin, Greek,
and grammatical questions. This sometimes lasts many
days, the head master acting as umpire, and the eight head
boys are finally chosen as " on the foundation."
There are several other funds, varying in amount, from
which benefit is available to those scholars elected off who
are in need of it. The whole control of the foundation
and its possessions, as well as the general management of the
school, belongs to the Dean and Chapter of Westminster.
The prosperity of the school, which latterly had somewhat
declined, received, some few years back, considerable stimu-
lant by the liberal bequests of Dr. Carey. This, we believe,
was chiefly rendered available for augmenting the university
endowments for the benefit of the scholars.
Dean, W. Buckland, D.D.— Head Master, H. G. Liddell, M.A.
— Second Master, T. W. Weare, M.A.^ — Assistant Masters : S. J.
Rigaud, M.A.; J. Marshall, M.A. ; B. F. James, M.A. — Writing
Master, Mr. T. Steward. — French Master, Mons. Tourrier.
_ THE CHA RTER HO USE, generally known as a founda-
tion school, is even more distinguished for the asylum it
offers to the aged, and will be found described amongst simi-
lar institutions, Chapter XI,
CAMBERWELL FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, Cam.
berwell. Established 1615. Founded and endowed by the
Rev. Edward Wilson, vicar of Camberwell, in the reign of
James I, who granted him letters patent in the thirteenth
year of his reign. The patronage is vested in governors.
The number of free boys is limited to twelve.
The present official Governors are : Rev. J. Williams, M.A. ;
Arthur Kenney, D.D.; Rev. A. Cyril Onslow, M.A.; Rev. W. H.
Vernon, M.A. ; and the Churchwardens of CamberweU for the
time being.
22
338
OLD GRAMMAR (Ehitatinnfli l^nmiktinns. schools.
The following schools, although founded as classical, and
bearing the name of grammar schools, for the most part
afford but a common education for the poorer classes : —
Stepney Free School,'^sAc\\&Q. Esta<blishedl540. Founded
by will of N. Gibson, in the government of the Coopers'
Company, and educates thirty boys on the foundation. The
instruction prescribed is grammatical science, but is not
acted up to, and the school is made available only to the
poorer class.
Lady Alice Oweti's School, Islington. Established 1613.
Founded by will of Lady A. Owen, and is in the trust of the
Brewers' Company. It educates thirty poor children from
Islington and Clerkenwell, to whom the master must teach
Latin, if required. Also twenty-five pay scholars receive a
more classical education.
Palmer and Hill's Grammar School, Tothill-fields. Estab-
lished 1(355. Endowed by wills of Revs. J. Palmer and E.
Hill, for forty poor children born in Westminster, twenty of
whom must be of the parish of St. Margaret, to be clothed
and apprenticed, and educated in English and Latin gram-
mar, writing, and accounts, and principles of religion.
Under government of trustees.
Rich's Grammar School, Lambeth. Established 1672.
Founded by T. Rich, Esq, and is in the trust of the Mer-
cers' Company, for the benefit of poor men's children born in
Lambeth parish. Instruction prescribed is Latin, writing,
cyphering, and reading.
Hichon's Grammar School, Allhallows, Barking. Estab-
lished 1686. Endowed by the will of Alderman James
Hickson, for the teaching of children of the parish in the
Latin and Greek tongues, and purity of life, manners, and
religion. Under the management of the Brewers' Company,
who appoint the masters, etc.
Smith's Grammar School, St. Lawrence Jewry, Milk-
street. Established 1693. Endowed by the will of E. Smith,
Esq., for teaching boys of the parish Latin, writing, and
arithmetic, and is under the management of the church-
wardens and vestry. The instruction in Latin discontinued
since 1784, and the present system adopted, the scholars
being all children of poor parents.
Trotman's School, Bunhill-row. Founded by will of J.
Trotman, 1663. For teaching youths of the original parish
3^39
GBESHAM COLL. ^jmratiniiai /niinhtiniig, lectures, issi
of St. Giles, Cripplegate (now comprising St. Luke's, Uld-
street), reading, writing, and the classics. The latter has
been discontinued since 1740. The report of the Commis-
sioners states of this : — " At the present time, scarcely twelve
children attend, and the school is not made available for the
wants of the parish, although the value of the original be-
quest is now estimated at over £30,000,"
GRESHAM COLLEGE LECTURES, Basinghall-street.
Founded 1581. These lectures were instituted by Sir Thomas
Gresham, who bequeathed his mansion in Broad-street, in
trust to the Corporation of London, and the Mercers' Com-
pany, as a college, in which lectures on the seven liberal
sciences should be gratuitously delivered to the public,
endowing it with the rents and profits of the Royal Exchange.
Until the year 1768, the professors (among whom were I)r.
Isaac Barrow, Hooke, Briggs, Gunter, Sir Christopher Wren,
and Sir William Petty) continued to reside, and lecture in
Gresham College, when the government of that time pro-
cured an Act of Parliament, compelling the trustees to
expend £1,800 in pulling it down, on part of the site of
which the government erected the present Excise Office.
The site of Gresham College, which extended from Broad-
street to Bishopsgate, was as large as that of the present
Bank of England : for this the government paid, and still does
pay, .£500 per annum, receiving back, however, the greater
portion of this sum, in ground rent, for such portions of the
land as they had no need to occupy. The professors were
then driven to a small room in the Royal Exchange, and
the intention of Sir Thomas Gresham was thereby frustrated.
After the Exchange was burnt down, in 1835, the lectures
were delivered in the theatre of the City of London School,
Milk-street, until the trustees, in accordance with the design
of its founder, rebuilt Gresham College, in Basinghall-street;
it was opened November 2nd, 1843. The lectures are de-
livered during the four law terms, at twelve o'clock at noon
in Latin, and at one o'clock in English, except those on
geometry and music, which are delivered at seven o'clock
in the evening. The aggregate number of hearers in 1 843,
was 9,800, and last year (1849) it nearly reached 12,000.
For the other Gresham bequests, see Mercers' Company
(page 198), and Gresham Almshouses (page 224).
The Professors are : Divinity, Rev. 11. J. Parker, A.M.; Astro-
310
TENiso«'s,i687. (Ebnratinnai jPmmtoinss. bedcross-st.
nomy, Rev. Joseph Pullen, A.M. ; Music, Edward Taylor, Esq. ;
Geometry, W. P. Edkins, Esq., A.M. ; all appointed by the Corpo-
ration. — and Law, William Palmer, Esq., A.M.; Physic, H. H.
*Southey, Esq., M.D. ; Rhetoric, Rev. Edward Owen, A.M., ap-
pointed by the Mercers' Company.
Sion College aTid Library, founded 1631, vide page 213.
ARCHBISHOP TENISON'S GRAMMAR SCHOOL
and LIBRARY, Castle -street, Leicester-square. Founded
1687, as a parochial establishment, for the benefit of the
parish of St. Martin-in-the-fields.i The library was for the
use of the public, but especially the clergy of the precincts
of old St. Martin's parish. Of late it has fallen sadly into
decay, and is greatly in want of donations of books. Thirty
boys are educated, upon free presentations from the trustees,
and others upon payment of eight guineas a-year.
Visitor, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Trustees : Rev. Henry
Mackenzie, M.A. (Vicar) ; Hon. P. P. Bouverie ; Hon. Sir E.
Oust ; H. Pouncey, Esq. ; James Haward, Esq. ; Robert Taylor,
Esq.; M. Staunton, Esq.; and the Churchwardens of St. Martin's
for the time being. — Head Master and Librarian, Rev. Philip
Hale. — Second Master, Mr. Robert Nares.
REDCROSS-STREET LIBRARY, Redcross-street.
Founded 1711. This literary establishment is for the
benefit of dissenting clergymen, and was founded by Daniel
Williams, D.D., who bequeathed his valuable library of
books and manuscripts for the purpose, with suitable salaries
for a librarian and a keeper. It is under the management
of twenty-four trustees.
Librarian, Mr. Richard Cogan. — Secretary, Mr. S. Cotton, 7,
Lothbury-street.— Receiver, Mr. R. W. Jupp.
DR. BRAY'S INSTITUTION, 52, Hatton Garden.
Established 1 733. For founding parochial and lending libra-
ries in England and Wales, and negro schools in British
America.^ Every application for a library, must be made
through the bishop of the diocese, and the books are for the
^ Founded by Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury, a learned
and pious prelate, formerly vicar of St. Martin's, who greatly distinguished
himself for his zeal in favour of Protestantism, both before and after the
Revolution.
^ Dr. Bray, the founder of this institution, was likewise the originator
of the plan of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign
Parts (vide chapter xvii) ; also two other societies, now not in existence,
known as the " Society for the Reformation of Manners," and " Society
for the Relief of Poor Proselytes."
341
ST. JOHN'S WOOD, 31111^01 CnllBglS. A.D. 1850
use of the clergy exclusively. Lending libraries must be
applied for by petition, signed by six clergymen, undertaking
to provide a librarian, five trustees, and a proper book- case,
the petitioning incumbent being responsible for the safe cus-
tody of the library.
Associates meet the first Tuesday, at eleven o'clock, in
every month, at the office, except January, August, Septem-
ber, and October. One guinea, at least, is paid by every asso-
ciate annually, or twenty guineas at one time. The income,
about £500 per annum, is derived, one-fifth from voluntary
contributions, the remainder from dividends, etc. The ex-
penditure, including about X50 for management, is within
this amount.
Books for the purposes of the association, may be sent to
the care of Dr. Wesley, at the office.
President, the Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurer, Rev.
C. B. Dalton, M. A., Lincoln's-inn. — Secretary, Rev. Chas. Wesley,
D.D. — CoUector, Mr. H. Stretton, 67, Lincoln's-inn-fields.
J\^EW COLLEGE, St. John's Wood-road. For the edu-
cation of young men for the ministry, in the Congregational
Churches. Founded a.d. 1850, on the basis of the trusts of
Highbury College and Homerton College, and Mr. Coward's
trust.
I. Faculty of Theology : Systematic and Pastoral Theology and
Homiletics, the Rev. John Harris, D.D. — Criticism and Interpre-
tation of the Greek Testament, Rev. John H. Godwin. — Ecclesi-
astical History, Rev. Philip Smith, B.A. — Hebrew and Oriental
Languages, Criticism and Interpretation of the Old Testament,
Rev. Maurice Neuner.
n. Faculty of Arts : Greek and Latin Languages, William
Smith, Esq., LL.D. — Pure and Mixed Mathematics, Ilev. Philip
Smith, B.A. — Mental and Moral Philosophy, Logic, and Rhetoric,
Rev. John H. Godwin. — Natural Sciences, Edwin Lankester, M.D.
— German Language, Rev. Maurice Neuner.
All communications to be addressed to the Chairman of
the Educational Committee, Rev. H. F. Burder, D.D., Con-
gregational Library, Blomfield-street, Finsbury.
The institutions which merge in this New College are : —
I, Homerton College, Homerton. Instituted a.d. 1730.
For educating young men for the ministry.
Tutors : the R«v. John Pye Smith, D.D. ; William Smith, Esq.,
LL.D.; Professor Wallace, M.A. ; Rev. Maurice Neuner.
Congregational Board of Education, see next chapter.
II. Highbury College, Highbury. Instituted 1783.
342
STKPNEY COLL. £^31100111 /nUllhtinilS. A.D. 1810
This building has been disposed of to the Comnaittee of
the Church of England Training Institution, and greatly
extended (vide next chapter).
Tutors : Rev. Ebenezer Henderson, D.D. ; Rev. John H. God-
win ; W. Smith, Esq , LL.D.
III. Coward College, Torrington-square. Founded on the
trust of William Coward, Esq., in 1738. Removed from
Wymondley House, Herts, to Torrington-square in 1838.
Theological President, Rev. Thomas Jenkyns, D.D. For the
other branches of study, the students attend the classes of
the professors of University College.
BAPTIST COLLEGE, Stepney. Established 1810.
Candidates for admission as students must apply to the com-
mittee by letter, briefly stating, in their own words, " the
means of their conversion, and views of the leading articles
of Christianity." Each must be recommended by two minis-
ters, to whom he is well known, and by the church to which
he belongs. On being accepted as a probationer, if the
tutors report favourably at the expiration of three months,
or sooner, and the committee be satisfied, he is then admitted
for the remainder of four years. The present number of
students is twenty-one.
All recommendations from ministers and churches are to
be forwarded direct to the Secretaries; — associated with the
London University, for granting degrees to its students.
President, Rev. Joseph Angus, M.A. — Mathematical Tutor,
Professor Wallace, M.A. — Professor of German and Syriac, Pro-
fessor Neuner. — Treasurer, George T. Kemp, Esq. — Secretaries :
Rev. James Holy, D.D., and Rev. Samuel Green. — Consulting
Sui^eon, William Cooke, Esq., M.D.
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, Upper Gower-street, Bed-
ford-square. Founded 1825.^ Incorporated 1836. A pro-
prietary institution, " for the general advancement of litera-
^ The first stone of the huilding was laid by the Dnke of Sussex on
the 30th of April 1827. The handsome collegiate building known as Uni-
versity Hall is of more recent erection, and only just opened : the cost
of the works, designed by Professor Donaldson, and executed by Mr. John
Jay, was about ^10,000, exclusive of the houses intended to appear as
wings. It forms the centre of the west side of Gordon-square, and is
intended for the reception of students generally, now tenanted by a prin-
cipal, vice-principal, and a moderate number of students of University
College. We are informed that theology, excluded by the rules of the
College, will here form the subject of lectures and other means of in-
struction.
343
PNiYERsiTY £kratiiiiiai /minhatiDns. coll.,a.d.i825
ture and science, by affording to young men adequate oppor-
tunities for obtaining literary and scientific education at a
moderate expense." The education includes all branches
except theology. The plan comprehends public lectures,
with examinations by the various professors, who derive
their incomes principally from the fees paid by the students.
The summer term commences May 1, and ends July 31 ;
the winter, from October 1 to April 15.
The amount of annual payment is regulated by the num-
ber of classes attended ; but students not nominated by pro-
prietors pay OS. additional on every pound, until such addi-
tional sums amount to £4. 10s. ; and the matriculation fee
of £% releases the student during the whole course of his
study from the university fee. The office for the payment
of fees, etc., is at the College, and open from nine o'clock till
four ; on Saturdays closes at two.
The Flaherty and Andrews Scholarships, value about £50
per annum, are tenable for four years, for which candidates
must either be matriculated students, or pupils in the junior
school.
President, Lord Brougham. — Vice-President, Earl Fortescue.
— Treasurer, John Taylor, Esq. — Chairman of the Committee of
Management, John Wood, Esq. — Dean, and Professor of Eng-
lish Language and Literature, Alexander J. Scott, A.M. — Ancient
and Modem History, Edward S. Creasy, A.M. ^Mathematics,
Augustus De Morgan, Ksq. — Architecture, Thomas L. Donaldson,
Esq. — Chemistry, Thomas Graham, Esq.^ — Zoology, Robt. Edmond
Grant, M.D. — ItaUan, Signor A. GaUenga.^ — German, Adolph
Heimann, Ph. D. — Mechanical Principles of Engineering, Eaton
Hodgkinson, Esq. — Philosophy of Mind, and Logic, Rev. John
Hoppus, Ph. D. — Comparative Grammar, Thomas Hewitt Key,
A.M. — Civil Engineering, Harmaa Lewis, A.M. — Botany, John
Lindley, Ph. D. — Greek, Henry Maiden, A.M. — English Law,
Joshua Ryland Marshman, A.M. — French, P. F. Merlet, Esq. —
Latin, Francis W. Newman, Esq. — Natural Philosophy and Astro-
nomy, Richd. Potter, A.M. — Geology, Andrew C. Ramsay, Esq.
— Practical Chemistry, Alexander W. Williamson, Ph. D. — Ma-
chinery, Bennet Woodcroft, Esq. — Oriental Languages, vacant. —
Jurisprudence, Charles James Foster, Esq. — Dean, and Professor
of Medicine and Clinical Medicine, W. H. Walshe, M.D. —Surgery
and Clinical Surgery, James JL Amott, Esq. — Forensic Medicine,
William Carpenter, M.D. — Anatomy (Junior Professor), George
V. Ellis, Esq. — Chemistry, Thomas Graham, I^sq. — Comparative
Anatomy, Robert Edmond Grant, M.D. ; William Jenner, M.D.
Botany, John Lindley, Ph. D. — Obstetric Medicine, Edward W.
344 ^
king's, (Bitiiratinn al /niinitatiniig. a.d. 1829
Murphy, M.D. — Clinical Medicine, Edmund A. Parkes, M.D. —
Anatomy and Clinical Surgery, Richard Quain, Esq. — Anatomy
and Physiology, William Sharpey, M.D. — Practical Chemistry,
Alexander W. Williamson, Ph. U. — Materia Medica, Alfred Gar-
rod, M.D. — Secretary, Charles C. Atkinson, Esq.
University College School, under the Oovernment of tlie
Council of the College, and conducted on the some principles.
For pupils at any age under fifteen, if they are competent to
enter the lowest class. When a boy has attained his six-
teenth year, he will not be allowed to remain in the school
beyond the end of the current session.
The school session is divided into three terms : — from
September 26 to Christmas ; from Christmas to Easter ; and
from Easter to 4th August. Payment for each term is .£6.
The hours of attendance are from a quarter past nine to a
quarter before four, in which time one hour and a quarter
is allowed for recreation. A fixed charge of 3s. 6d. is made
for stationery, and books are supplied as required, charge
being made accordingly.
The HoUoway School Fund, consists of a bequest from the
late Mr. HoUoway, the interest of which is appropriated to
pay the school fees of boys in the school distinguished for
their merit, and needing pecuniary assistance for their edu-
cation ; such assistance is granted for three terms, and re-
newable at the pleasure of the Council.
Head Masters : Thomas Hewitt Key, M.A. ; Henry Maiden,
M.A. — Secretary, Charles C. Atkinson, Esq.
KING'S COLLEGE, Somerset House, Strand.i Incor-
porated 1829. Founded on this fundamental principle, —
" that every system of general education for the youth of a
Christian community, ought' to comprise instruction in the
Christian religion as an indispensable part ; without which
the acquisition of other branches of knowledge will be con-
ducive neither to the happiness of the individual nor the
welfare of the state." The students received into the col-
lege are matriculated students and occasional students. The
number of students varies considerably, at present time being,
matriculated, 523; and occasional students, 159. The pre-
scribed course of education comprises religious instruction,
^ Forms the east wing of Somerset House, Strand, with an entrance
from the Strand ; erected from desipns by Sir Robert Smirke. Tlie
opening of the University College, then called London University, gave
rise to this college.
345
Mnhxn Cnllpgrs. a.d. 1829
according to the principles of the Established Church ; the
Greek and Latin classics, mathematics, English literature, and
modem history. A military department has recently been
added, open to youths between fifteen and the date of their
commission ; the full course to last not less than two years.^
Proprietors, or donors of £50, have the privilege of one
nomination both to the college and school, at reduced rates.
Except in cases of remarkable proficiency, pupils are not ad-
mitted under sixteen. The matriculation fee, paid by every
student on his admission, is £1. Is. Information as to the
fees for the different departments, lectures, <fec., may be ob-
tained of the secretary.
There are libraries attached to the several departments ;
the books in which may be used by the students either at
the college, or at their own homes. The library fee is £2. 2s.
Apartments have been fitted up in the college for students
not under the age of eighteen years. The terms vary, accord-
ing to the position of the rooms, from £50 to £55, in which
amount is included every expense during term time. Any
student may dine in the college hall at a fixed rate. Resi-
dent students are required to dine in hall.
Principal, Rev. R. W. Jelf, D.D. — Professors. — Divinity : Rev.
A. MCaul, D.D., and Hebrew ; Rev. F. D. Maurice, M.A.; Rev.
R. C. Trench, M.A.; Rev. W. Biggs, M.A. ; Rev. E. H. Plump-
tree, M. A., and Lecturer. — Practice of Physic, George Budd, Esq.,
M.D. — Midwifery, &c., Arthur Farre, Esq., M.A. — Anatomy,
T. Rymer Jones, Esq. — Forensic Medicine, W. A. Guy, M.D. —
Classical Literature, Rev. R. W. Browne. — Mathematics, Rev.
T. G. Hall.^English Literature and Modem History, Rev. F. D.
Maurice ; J. J. Stutzer, Esq. — Oriental Languages, Duncan Forbes,
Esq. — French Language, M. Isidore Brasseur. — German Language,
Dr. Bemays. — Italian Language, M. V. Pistrucci. — Spanish Lan-
guage, R. Lott, Esq. — Chinese Language, S. J. Fearon, Esq. —
Vocal Music, John Hullah, Esq. — Drawing and Perspective, M. E.
Cotman, Esq. — Fencing, H. Angelo, Esq.^ — Law, Edward Bullock,
1 It should be stated, that the officers for whose education this depart-
ment is designed, are the Cavalry, the Guards, the Line, and East India
Company's service. The Council have been led to this addition by dis-
covering that it was not the intention of Government to extend Sand-
hurst College, or to found any fresh one; and therefore, that it was
desirable to give parents an opportunity of choosing between the objec-
tions to foreign education, a private and imperfect one at home, or educa-
tion at a college possessed of all the resources of instruction, conducted
upon principles harmonizing with the institutions of the country.
346
king's college iBiinralimml l^nnii&atinns. school, a.d.i829
Esq., M.A. — Theory of the Fine Arts, William Dyce, M.A. —
Zoology, Thomas Bell, Esq. — Political Economy, Rev. R. Jones,
M.A. — Fortification and Military Tactics, W. Walker, Esq., late
Captain of H.M.'s 69th Foot.— Surveying, H. J. Castle, Esq. —
Military Drawing, ITiomas Bradley, Esq. — Fencing, H. Angelo,
Esq. — Botany, Edward Forbes, Esq. — Mineralogy, James Tennant,
Esq. — Geology, D. T. Ansted, Esq., M.A. — Chemistry, W. A.
Miller, Esq., M.D. — Treasurers : W. Thompson, Esq., Alderman,
M.P. — Secretary, J. W. Cunningham, Esq. — Librarian, Rev. C.
G. Nicolay. — Medical ditto, T. Stephen, Esq.
King's College School. This institution is well adapted,
from its central situation, to afford to the inhabitants of the
metropolis the advantage of a public grammar school, with
the satisfaction and economy arising from domestic care and
superintendence. The course of education partakes of a
liberal and useful character, adapted equally to professional
and commercial pursuits. The general age of admission is
nine years. The number of scholars in the school during
last year was 609 ; at present time, 463.
The terms for the course of tuition are 18 guineas, with
one guinea as an entrance fee. These payments include
every charge, except for books and stationery. The school
year is divided into three terms : Christmas, Midsummer,
and 1st of May. Proprietors of the college have the privilege
of nominating pupils at 15 guineas.
Head Master, Rev. J. R. Major, D.D.- Second Master, Rev.
J. Edwards, M.A.— Third Master, Rev. J. Feamley, M.A.— Trea-
surer, Alderman William Thompson, M.P.
In consequence of the wrong impression frequently re-
ceived respecting the present title of University College, it
may be useful here to state, that —
THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, Somerset House,
instituted 1837, is for the examination of candidates, and
the granting of degrees to students educated at institutions
in connexion with the University,^ — as University College,
King's College, Stepney College, and others situate in various
1 Incorporated, by letters patent, in the seventh year of the reign of
William IV, and the first year of the reign of Queen Victoria, 1837, —
" to hold forth to all classes and denominations of Her Majesty's faithful
subjects, without any distinction whatsoever, an encouragement for pur-
suing a regular and liberal course of education "; and, " considering that
many persons do prosecute or complete their studies, both in the metro-
polis and in otiier parts of the United Kingdom, to whom it is expedient
347
queen's, 'Mnhm Cnllriirs. a.d. i848
parts of the kingdom. Regulations of the Senate resjiecriiig
age, proficiency, fees, etc., may be obtained at R. and J. E.
Taylor's, printers to the University, Red Lion-court. Certi-
ficates of studentship must be forwarded to the Registrar
fourteen days before each examination.
Supported partly by fees, and partly by Government grant ;
the latter amounting, for the present year, to £4,000 ; the
former estimated at £1,000, — devoted to the following ex-
penditure, viz., £3,000 in salaries to the various examiners,
registrar, etc. ; £1,070 in scholarships and exhibitions; and
about £500 in miscellaneous disbursements and wages, «fec.
Chancellor, Earl of Burlington.— Vice-Chancellor, J. G. Shaw
Lefevre, Esq.— Registrar, R. W. Rothman, M.D. — Clerk to the
Senate, Mr. H. Moore.
QUEER'S COLLEGE, LONDON, 67, Harley-street.
Established, 1848, for general female education, and for
granting to governesses certificates of qualification. It is an
offshoot of the Governesses' Benevolent Institution (see page
260) ; and arose from the conductors of that institution
being led to a plan of examining into the attainments of
governesses in quest of situations, and granting certificates
of approval to those who could stand the test. For this
purpose it was found necessary to establish a committee of
gentlemen, — to use the language of their introductory lec-
ture, — "competent, individually, to examine in every branch
of knowledge." This committee appears to have consisted
chiefly, if not entirely, of professors of King's College, who,
" one by one came forward, offering the assistance of their
that there should be offered such facilities, and on whom it is just that
there should be such distinctions and rewards as may incline them to
pursue these their laudable pursuits : We do. by virtue of our preroga-
tive royal, etc., etc., constitute William Earl of Burlington, etc., one
body politic and corporate, by the name oi' the University of London ; for
the purpose of ascertaining, by means of examination, the persons who
have acquired proficiency in literature, science, and art, by the ptir-iuit
of such course of education, and of rewarding them by academical de-
grees, as evidence of their respective attainments, and marks of honour
proportioned thereunto." The Charter provides, that not only University
College and King's College, London, shall issue certificates to candidates
lor degrees in arts or laws, but " also all other institutions, corporate or
unincorporated, establislied lor the purpose of education, whether in the
metropolis or elsewhere, which the Sovereign, under her sign manual,
shall authorise to issue such certificates."
348
queen's coll. (Ehratinnal ^nnn^atinns a.d. i848
practised skill and acknowledged learning. These gentle-
men soon discovered, that to do any real good, they must
go further ; they must fit the governesses for their examin-
ation, and provide an education for female teachers ; finally
coming to the conclusion that it was expedient to extend
that instruction beyond the governess in fact and the gover-
ness in prospect, — to all who might choose to avail them-
selves of it." The result has been the present establishment.
The instruction is chiefly given in courses of lectures,
delivered by gentlemen connected with King's College, and
other professors of celebrity ; and classes meet, in the various
branches of education, twice a week, both preparatory and
advanced, according to the enlarged requirements of the
present day, in classes open to all ladies, of twelve years old
and upwards, on payment of a moderate fee per quarter.^
About 250 are understood to be now on the list of pupils ;
the number in each class averaging about twenty, and the
number of classes which each individual attends, varying at
pleasure. In addition to these, there are preparatory classes
for young ladies from nine to twelve ; and evening classes
for governesses at other times engaged in the duties of their
profession, — the latter gratuitous. The whole is under the
watchful superintendence of the Ladies Visitors.
Further particulars may be ascertained at the College, or
from the Secretary to the parent Society, 32, Sackville-street;
or the Deputy Chairman at the College, every Wednesday
before two o'clock.
To such as are desirous of arriving at the full plan and
principles of this institution, we cordially recommend the
perusal of a late article in the Quarterly Review (No. 172).
The writer very fully and fairly discusses the merits and
deficiencies of the institution; and his views are well deserv-
ing the consideration of all who are desirous of availing
themselves of the advantages it offers. It comes not within
our province to enter into the same particulars, nor can we
afford the space, but we entirely agree in the views of the
article referred to.
Chairman of the Committee of Education, the Rev. F. D. Mau-
rice, M.A. — Deputy Chairman, the Rev. C. G. Nicolay.
^ The fees are £\ 12s. 6d. for those classes which meet twice in the
week ; and £\ Is. for those which meet once ; and a composition of j£9 9s.
may be made for eighteen lectures a week per term.
349
ISLINGTON, 1830 aiiii Bnkrii frljimls. a.d. i837
QUEEN'S COLLEGE (City branch), has been just
formed at No. 4, Artillery-place, Finsbury-square. The course
of instruction is under the superintendence of the Committee
of Education in Harley-street, and the domestic arrange-
ments superintended by a committee of ladies. The terms,
and other details, appear to be similar to those of the parent
establishment.
Honorary Secretaries : J. R. Thomson, M.A.; John Lyon, Esq.
ISLINGTON PROPRIETARY SCHOOL, IsHngton.
Established 1830. Combining instruction with domestic
habits, the whole being based on Christian principles. The
course of instruction includes the Greek, Latin, French, and
English languages. Pupils must be sons of proprietors, or
nominated by them. In the latter case, two respectable
references are required, and a ballot is taken by the directors
on the nomination. A meeting of the directors is held on
the second Tuesday in every month. Notices of nomina-
tions are to be sent to the Secretary five days previous to
such meeting.
Terms, according to the proficiency of the pupils, in the
Upper School, sixteen guineas per annum ; in the Second
School, fourteen guineas per annum ; in the Third School,
twelve guineas per annum. Two scholarships are attached
to the school, value .£30 each, for four years.
President, Rev. Daniel Wilson.- — Secretary, Mr. Oldershaw,
Mansion House, Lower-street. — Head Master, Rev. Robert Wheler
Bush, M.A.
CITY OF LONDON SCHOOL, Milk-street, Cheapside,
based upon an old endowment, but is a modem school,
established 1837, "for the sons of respectable persons who
are engaged in professional, commercial, or trading pursuits,
between the ages of seven and fifteen." The general plan
of instruction includes the English, Latin, Greek, French,
and German languages. The hours of attendance are from
nine till twelve, and from two to four, in the winter months ;
and from two to five for the remainder of the year. The
school year is divided into three terms ; the charge being,
for each pupU, £2 15s. a term ; drawing extra, 14s. a term.
A printed application (obtainable of the Secretary) is re-
quired to be filled up by the parent or guardian, and signed
by some member of the Corporation of London, previous to
admission. In addition to the fees from pupils, the school
350
PHILOLOGICAL euuratJunal jFcmihtimis a.d. 1792
is supported by an income of £900 a year from estates left
for that purpose by John Carpenter, Town Clerk to the City
in the time of Henry VI. Eight free scholarships, on the
foundation, are attached to this school as rewards of merit,
to be determined by an examination at Midsummer, and
several have since been added by the liberality of individual
citizens ; amongst w hich is one known as the " Times Scho-
larship" (vide Christ's Hospital); others by Mr. Thomas
Tegg's "Sheriff fine"; by Henry Beaufoy, Esq.; D. Salomans,
Esq.; J. Travers, Esq., etc. The prizes and medals awarded
are likewise very numerous and valuable. The candidates
must be between eleven and fifteen years of age, and have
been at least three years at the school. The advantages of
each scholarship are equal to from £35 to £50 per annum,
besides a premium of £50 on the successful candidate leav-
ing school. Attendance given at the office daily, between
the hours of ten and four.
Head Master, Rev. George F. W. Mortimer, D.D., of Queen's
College, Oxford. — Second Master, Mr. Robert Pitt Edkins, M.A.,
of Trinity College, Cambridge.— Professor of Geometry in Gresham
College ; and seventeen others.- — Secretary, Mr. Thomas Brewer.
London (City) School for Orphans of Freemen. It is con-
sidered advisable to give a short notice of this contemplated
school, as it is more than probable that its omission would
cause some misapprehension with the preceding, as mention
of this will doubtless be brought before the public during
the next session of Parliament, when it is intended "to make
application for an Act establishing a school for the mainte-
nance and education of orphans of freemen of the City of
London ; and for power to appropriate to the purpose the
property and funds of the London Workhouse, and the un-
applied portions of fines received from persons nominated
as Sheriffs, and also the freedom-fees payable to the Corpo-
ration."
Notice has been given of this application, by public adver-
tisement, of the City Remembrancer, Edward Tyrrell, Esq.
The management of the school, and appointment of the
masters, will most likely be vested in the Corporation.
PHILOLOGICAL SCHOOL, Gloucester-place, near
Lisson-grove, New-road. Founded 1792. In union with
King's College, and offers first-class education, gratuitously,
for the sons of clergymen, naval ^nd military officers, pro-
351
CONGREGATIONAL HUt MihXU §>ll)Ui5, A.D. 1811
fessioaal men, merchants, manufacturers, clerks in public
offices, the higher order of tradesmen, and other persons of
an equally respectable class of society, whose families have
been in better circumstances, and are reduced. There are
also contributory scholars, who pay an annual sum for their
instruction.
Five guineas annually, or fifty guineas at one time, con-
stitutes a governor, entitled to have one boy always in the
school, with immediate admission. Three guineas annually,
or thirty guineas at one time, entitles to have one boy of
nine years of age, to continue till the age of fourteen, always
in the school. Two guineas annually, or twenty guineas at
one time, entitles to present a boy of ten years of age, to be
admitted in rotation, as vacancies occur. One guinea
per annum, or ten guineas at one time, after the expiration
of three years, or by the additional payment of three guineas,
entitles to present a boy of ten years of age, for admission
in rotation, as vacancies occur.
The following is a summary of the scholars in the insti-
tution at the commencement of the year : —
Of the sons of naval and military officers, 4 ; of profes-
sional men, 29 ; of clerks in public offices, 1 1 ; of merchants,
manufacturers, and the higher order of tradesmen, 26 ;
total, 70 : Contributory scholars, 58. — Total, 128.
The annual expenses are about ^1,300, defrayed by divi-
dends on stock, to the amount of i/'430 per annum ; payments
from pupils, ^620 ; and the remainder depending on volun-
tary contributions.
Visitor, Bishop of London. — President, Lord Portman. — Trea-
surer, John Turner, Esq. — Solicitors, Messrs. Jupp, Carpenter's
Hall. — Secretary and Head Master, Mr. Edwin Abbott. — Senior
Assistant, Mr. Horatio J. Ward. — French Master, Mr. Stanislas
Bard. — Collector, Mr. Henry Manwell, 100, Milton-st. Dorset-sq.
COyOREGATIOiYAL SCHOOL, Lewisham, Kent.
Instituted 1811. For boarding and educating the sons of
ministers of the congregational or independent denomina-
tions of England and Wales Candidates must be of the
age of nine years, and under twelve ; and, on election, re-
main five years. The elections take place each half-year,
and all annual subscribers of one, or donors of ten guineas,
have as many votes as there are children to be elected. The
committee have the power of occasionally taking in a few
pupils, at the rate of £15 per annum. The course of educa-
352
ACADEMY OF (Btoatinnal jFniinhtiniis music, a .d. 1822
tion consists of English, Latin, Greek, etc., and especially
the principles of the Christian religion. Number of youths
at present educated, forty-three, nine of whom are paid with,
as above. The expenses, generally, are met by an income
of about £1,100 per annum, derived from voluntary con-
tributions.
Classical Master, Rev. W. J. Hope. — Resident Master, Mr.
G. Cox. — Treasurer, W. A. Hankey, Esq. — Secretary, Rev. G.
Rose. — Collector, Mr. E. Shrewsbury, 16, King's-row, "Walworth.
ROYAL ACADEMY OF MUSIC, Tenterden-street,
Hanover-square. Instituted 1822 ; incorporated 1830, — to
promote the cultivation of the science of music, and afford
facilities for attaining perfection in it, by assisting, with
general instruction, the natives of this country ; and to pro-
vide for them the means of an honourable and comfortable
livelihood. 769 pupils have been instructed since the foun-
dation; of whom 60 have been gratuitous, and 189 at re-
duced payments. The amount required for the institution
is only half met by the payments ; the rest by subscriptions ^
and dividends. Four scholarships are attached to the insti-
tution ; two competed for each Christmas, open to all com-
petitors from the age of twelve to eighteen. Candidates for
admission must attend for examination on Thursdays, at
two o'clock, with a subscriber's recommendation. The full
payments are, for in-students, fifty guineas per annum, and
ten guineas entrance ; out-students, thirty guineas per an-
num, and five guineas entrance. The funds are in part
supported by dividends from stock, amounting, at present
time, to about £10,000. Students, in after life, have a claim
on the institution, at the discretion of the committee, for
assistance in their professional career.
President, Earl of Westmoreland. — General Superintendent,
Charles J. Lyon, Esq. — Governess, Mrs. Wise. — Secretary, Mr.
J. Gimson. — Librarian, Mr. G. I. Baker.— Bankers, Messrs.
Coutts and Co. — Principal of the Musical Department, Mr. Cipriani
Potter.
ROYAL NA VAL SCHOOL,^qv{ Cross,Deptford. Esta-
blished 1833; incorporated 1840. To enable the less affluent
of naval and marine officers, of not lower than ward-room
rank, to give their sons a sound general education, combined
^ Her Majesty the Queen has contributed £\06 annually since the
I'omnienuemeut of her reign.
353
BOYAL NAYAL (Etorgtiniial jFminktinns. female,a.d.i84o
with moral and religious instruction, at the lowest possible
expense consistent with the further object of bestowing the
same education gratuitously, or at a very reduced charge, to
a limited number of the sons of such officers in necessitous
circumstances, — giving a preference to the orphans of those
who may have fallen in the country's service.
The present building is most favourably situated, at New
Cross, commanding a view of Greenwich Hospital ;i it will
afford accommodation for about 200 pupils ; a proportion of
these pay either £25 or £31 per annum, medical attendance,
books, stationery, washing, etc. included. Some are admitted
on the annual payment of one month's half-pay of the
father ; or, if dead, one month's amount of the widow's pen-
sion ; and others are received gratuitously. No pupils are
admitted under the age of eight, or above the age of four-
teen ; and none are allowed to remain after eighteen years.
Forms of application for the gratuitous and reduced scholar-
ships may be obtained of the Secretary.
One guinea annually, or ten guineas at once, constitute
members; and all naval and marine officers, by paying annu-
ally one day's half-pay of their respective ranks. Donors of
£100 enjoy the privilege of nominating pupils ; of £500, of
always having one pupil in the school for gratuitous board
and education. The funds are supported by voluntary con,
tributions to the extent of £1,100 annually; and by pupils'
payments, i)4,000 annually ; but the disbursements rather
exceed the total income. The funded property is under
£'4,000.
President, Admiral Bowles, Esq. — Treasurer, Andrew Robert
Drummond, Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Drummond and Co., Charing-
cross ; Messrs. Hoare and Co., Fleet-street. — Mr. Alfred Eames.
— Head Master, Rev. Thomas Chambers, M.A. — Matron, Mrs.
M. A. Jones.
ROYAL NA VAL FEMALE SCHOOL; office,32,Sack-
ville-street. Founded, 1840, by the late admiral Sir Thomas
Williams, to bestow upon the daughters of necessitous naval
and marine officers, of and above ward-room rank, at the
lowest reduction of cost practicable, a good, virtuous, and
religious education, in conformity with the principles and
doctrines of the Church of England. The ages for admission
are from ten to fifteen ; but no pupil can remain longer than
^ Upon land the property of Christ's Hospital.
23
3o4 _^__
KOYAL NAVAL (BhtHtinnal ^nnnktimis. female,a.p.i84o
five years, nor after the age of eighteen, unless under special
circumstances. The claims for admission to be founded
upon the services of the father and circumstances of the
family. After the case is adjudged by the committee to be
a proper one, it is submitted to the subscribers, who decide
on the admittance of a pupil by vote. Every subscriber is
entitled to four votes for each guinea. The election takes
place at the annual meeting in April. The committee meet
the last Wednesday in every month, at twelve o'clock.
The establishment is situated at Richmond, Surrey ;i and
at present there are eighty-three daughters of naval and
marine officers ; twenty-seven of whom are received on the
annual payment of thirty or thirty-five guineas, and fifty-
six at £12 per annum ; the establishment defraying the
larger amount of actual cost through the means of voluntary
contributions. Of the number of pupils on the reduced scale
of payment, five have lost both parents, and thirty-four
others have lost their fathers.
The total annual expenditure is under £4,000 ; defrayed,
by pupils' payments, to the extent of £1,600 ; interest, and
other property, £540 ; and the remainder depending upon
voluntary contributions, last year realizing £1,753.
President, Earl Man vers. — Treasurer, F. Alleyne M'Geachy,
Esq. — Honorary Secretaries, Commander Hon. F. Maude, R.N. ;
Commander George Hope, R.N. — Lady Governess, Miss Clifton.
— Clerical Visitor, Rev. T. W. D. Hales. — Hon. Consulting
Physician, Dr. Julius, Richmond. — Honorary Surgeon, F. Julius,
Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co. — Managing
Secretary, Mr. Arthur Ellis, Purser R.N. — Honorary Solicitor,
Thomas Graham, Esq.
' The founder liberally and judiciously bequeathed, besides ^1 ,000,
the payment of jt'lOO per annum, for seven years, to pay the rent of this
estublishment ; " to meet the usual difficulties of a newly-formed institute."
355
Snstitiitifliis fnr itrnmnting Uatinnal lEkratimi.
CHAPTER XVI.
INSTITUTIONS FOR AIDING AND IMPROV-
ING NATIONAL EDUCATION.
The object of promoting Christian Knowledge closely identified with that
of educating the Poor, — The necessity for Extension of National Edu-
cation recognized. — The difference of Opinion as to its Character. —
Secular and Religious Education. — Views of the present Government,
and their Measures. — Summary of the Institutions contained in this
Chapter, with their Aggregate Amount of Income, &<:. — Committee of
Privy Council. — Kneller Hall. — Bell and Lancaster's first efforts. —
The British, National, Infant, and other School Societies — Metropolitan
School Statistics. — Metropolitan and Cheltenham Training Schools. —
Educational Boards. — Institutions for theDifiusion of Christian Know-
ledge and Influence. — Lord's Day Society. — Protestant and Reforma-
tion Societies. — Church Extension and Clerical Aid Fund. — Christian
Visiting, by Pastoral and Lay Agents. — Ragged Schools. — Cottage
Schools. — Sunday Schools. — Institute for Teachers. — Young Men's
Societies.
With the various institutions for improving and extending
national education, we have connected such as aid in pro-
moting Christian knowledge ; including in the present chap-
ter those having a more immediate reference to instruction
at home, and devoting the next chapter to those more spe-
cially engaged in propagating the same abroad.
We have thus classed National Education and Christian
Knowledge Societies together, from a conviction that their
objects are too intimately connected for the separation of
their operations to be effectual ; and at the present day,
when the claims of the poorer classes to liberal and general
education are so readily acknowledged, and at times even
extravagantly met, it appears desirable that no opportunity
should be omitted, by even the most humble advocate of
Christian instruction, of advancing its claims to equal, or
356
li&ing k iniprniiing
rather prior, consideration with secular knowledge — in all
provisions for national instruction. The '' Knowledge is
power" of one, is now aptly echoed by the "Ignorance is vice
in action" of another; both are taken up and acted upon
with energy and prompt philanthropy by the generous and
the influential, whilst the falsity attached to each proposition
is, in a measure, overlooked or forgotten. Daily experience
proves, that mere human knowledge is a ''power" of evil as
well as good ; and that crime is more the product of abused
knowledge than "active ignorance": what does this teach,
but that a higher and more enduring principle requires im-
planting ? — in the mind of the young especially; thus much is
man's work ; the Christian's duty — and privilege — to promote
and assist ; and it is God's promise, and his certain power and
will, to render the same effective. It is a matter of astonish-
ment, that so many can join in the cry of educate ! educate !
with the object in view of " secular" knowledge only, and
that propositions can be entertained of authorizing and
encouraging schools where Holy Scripture is avowedly ex-
cluded : such can only, one would think, be influenced by
one of two principles — either that secular or non-religious
education is better than religious ; or, that it will lead to,
and promote religion. As the first of these positions can
only be seriously entertained by the infidel ; so does all
human experience rise up to controvert the second. The
tendency of training for the present life, is only to confirm
the bent of man's natural affections and material pursuits :
he requires a counteracting influence, and that knowledge
that maketh wise unto salvation, imparted in early years,
when, as the good king of Prussia once forcibly expressed it,
" the mind receives impressions with the flexibility of wax,
and retains them with the durability of bronze."^
Whatever be the arguments used by the advocates of this
system of " non-religious" education, and however specious
the pretext under which they may be introduced, it is
ardently to be desired they may be opposed as effectually,
as upon occasion of a recent debate. Amongst other oppo-
nents of such a measure for national adoption, it was grati-
fying to observe the first minister, in a speech, qualified in
parts it might be, and temperate throughout, express firm
^ " Scratch the rhind of the tender sapling, and the gnarled oak will
tell of it for centuries." — Tupper.
357
GEXEBAL Hatiitnal (Biicratimi. bemakks,
determination to retain Holy Scripture in all government
enactments for the education of the people.^
In thus advocating the claims of the poor to Scriptural in-
struction, we would not be misunderstood, or thought to under-
value the present gratifying movement for promoting general
education : the amount of moral and intellectual destitution,
daily developed through the length and breadth of the land,
demands it ; but it must not be supplied to the neglect of
the still worse and more appalling extent of spiritual desti-
tution. This requires, and likewise demands, our utmost
eflForts and strenuous advocacy ; that, not only in voluntary,
but, what is much more important, in government provision,
the religious wants of the people may be recognized, and, as
far as practicable, supplied. Neither can we join in the ob-
jections raised to the government plan as at present deve-
loped ; or sympathize with those who refuse to receive its
assistance and facilities, as offered by the " Committee of
Council," — deeming it neither wise nor desirable to scru-
tinize for defects in that which, taken as a whole, must be
characterized as comprehensive, and calculated to secure a
system of education adapted to the necessities of the people ;
with the peculiar recommendation, moreover, that it offers
an unprecedented stimulant to the corresponding exertions
of all friends of Christian instruction.
The following summary of institutions contained in this
chapter, affords a condensed view of the metropolitan re-
sources devoted to the purposes referred to.
11 school societies, boards and unions (exclu-
sive of the Privy Council Committee),
the annual income of which amounts in
the aggregate,^ to . . . .£35,269
^ " Nothing but the most absolute necessity should oblige Parliament
to establish an education for the children of this country, in which reli-
gion should be entirely excluded, — in which the immortal part of man
should be altogether forgotten. It would be a great fault, when you are
providing a law for the instruction of the people of this country, not to
inform them of the great and leading truths of religion ; and, I think,
when you are teaching moral doctrines, you lose nine-tenths of the force
with which they might be inculcated, if you omit to tell the pupils that
these are the precepts which are given by divine authority, which have
received divine sanction, and upon which their eternal welfare or misery
is to depend." — Lord J. Russell's Speech, April 17, 1850, on Mr. J. W.
Fox's Education Bill.
^ These amounts are, of couree, independent of all local operations,
358
COMMITTEE OF iHiiiiig ^ imprDDiiig privy council.
of which, there is derived from voluntary
contributions .... ^28,291
12 book and tract societies, for promoting Chris-
tian knowledge and influence,
with an aggregate income of, —
from sale of publications . ,£113,280
voluntary contributions . £45,825
funded and other sources . £7,672
Total . . . . _ .£166,777
17 societies for church and chapel extension,
clerical aid, pastoral and lay visiting, <fcc.
with an aggregate income of, —
from voluntary contributions £83,737
funded and other sources . £30,406
Total £114,143
COMMITTEE OF COUNCIL ON EDUCATION
Privy Council Office, Downing-street. Committee of Her
Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, appointed to su-
perintend the application of all monies voted by Parliament
for the promotion of public education in Great Britain.^
All communications to this department are to be addressed
to — " The Secretary, Committee of Council on Education,
Privy Council Office, Downing-street."
Members of Committee : Marquis of Lansdowne (Lord Pre-
sident) ; Earl of Minto ; Earl of Carlisle ; Earl of Clarendon ;
Lord John Russell, M.P. ; Right Hon. Sir George Grey, Bart.,
M.P.; Right Hon. Thomas Babington Macaulay ; Right Hon. Sir
Charles Wood, Bart., M.P. ; Sir J. P. Kay Shuttleworth, Bart.
— Assistant Secretary, R. R. W. Lingen, Esq. — Examiner, F.
as the annual amount expended for educational purposes in the metro-
polis alone, including schools of all denominations, nanuot be less than
^eioo.ooo.
^ The amount of vote for the year ending April 5, 1850, was ^125,000,
disbursed much in the following manner : — for the erection of school
buildings, 3£'20,000 ; school books, maps, and improved apparatus, ^10,000 ;
stipends and gratuities to teachers, and augmentation of schoolmasters'
salaries, ^£60,498 ; erection of training schools, j£l 5,000, and education of
students therein, j64,000 ; towards Kneller Hall (half-a-year), ^61,750; for
salaries and travelling expenses of inspectors, j£17,000 ; salaries in the
grant department, £1,800 ; annual grant to the National Society's train-
ing schools, ii 1,000 ; ditto British, ^£'750; ditto Education Committee of
the Scotch Church, £500 ; and sundries, about £1,200.
The Commissioners of National Education, Ireland, is a separate board
{in Dublii}); aijd the grant placed at their disposal last year was £120,000.
359
KNELLEK HALL Hfltinngl (gtorfltlnn. a.d. i85o
R. Sandford, Esq. — Counsel, W. G. Lumley, Esq. — Architect,
W. Westmacott, Esq.
Her Majesty's Inspectors of Schools : Rev. Henry Moseley,
M.A. ; Rev. Frederick Charies Cook, M.A. ; Rev. H. Walford
Bellairs ; Rev. Frederick Watson ; Joseph Fletcher, Esq. ; John
Gordon, Esq. ; Rev. J. J. Blandford ; Rev. Edward Douglas
Tinling ; Rev. Muirhead Mitchell ; Edward Carleton Tufnell,
Esq. ; Joshua Festin Ruddock, Esq. ; Henry George Bowyer, Esq. ;
Thomas Browne Browne, Esq. ; Rev. WiUiam Henry Brookfield,
M.A.; John Daniell Morell, Esq.; Jelinger C. Symons, Esq. —
John Gibson, Esq. ; Rev. William James Kennedy, M.A, ; Rev.
Harry Longueville Jones, M.A. ; Thomas William Marshall, Esq. ;
Rev. John Pilkington Norris, M.A.
Principal of the Training School for Schoolmaster at Knellar-
Hall, Rev. Frederick Temple.
The last named establishment has just been completed, and
the following forms an outline of its objects, plan, and regula-
tions : The school has already opened, and is intended to be
filled gradually. Candidates must not be under seventeen years
of age, and must be free from any bodily infirmity tending to
impair their usefulness as schoolmasters ; produce certificates
of moral character and conduct, and of attention to religious
duties ; and pass such an examination as is prescribed for
pupil teachers at the close of the third year of their appren-
ticeship. Pupil teachers who have been examined for the
close of their third year will be admissible to this examina-
tion on fulfilment of the conditions, provided they obtain
' This handsome new edifice, just completed, and opened for the train-
ing of male teachers, is situated at Whitton, a small village between
Hounslow and Twickenham. The estate, consisting of about forty-five
acres of land, with the mansion originally known as Kneller Hall, was
formerly in the possession of Sir Godfrey Kneller, the celebrated state
painter, {Charles II, to George I) ; and, about twenty years since, the pro-
perty of Mr. Calvert the brewer. The property was purchased a short
time since by the Committee of Privy Council on Education, and the
house, a plain, square brick dwelling-house, two stories in height, begun
in 1709, taken down, and the space covered by the Principals residence,
the library, and class-rooms, etc. Kneller Hall School, as now arranged,
will afTord accommodation for about one-hundred pupils, with apartments
for three masters, and a separate residence for the principal master. The
chapel is over the school library, and occupies the entire remaining height
of the building. The interior accommodation is rendered as complete as
modem science and ingenuity can render it. The building erected from
the designs, and under the superintendence of, Mr. George Mair. archi-
tect. Mr. John Kelk, builder. The total cost of the establishment has
beeq about 4S0fi00.
360
bell's and i3,fting k iorpTBHiHg Lancaster's
the consent of the managers and of the other parties to their
indentures. The payment required of students is £30
a-year, to be paid half-yearly in advance, excepting of such
as obtain presentations ; as, among the advantages available,
are five exhibitions, of £30 each for one year ; six of £25
each for one year ; and ten of £20 each for one year.
Fuller information on the subject, together with the re-
maining conditions to be fulfilled for admission and for ob-
taining exhibitions, may be had on application to the Secre-
tary, Committee of Council on Education, Whitehall, to
whom the names of candidates, with their certificates, have
to be sent.
Before entering upon a statement of the general plan and
operations, of the societies called into existence by the vast
impulse given to education, at the commencement of this
century, it may serve many useful purposes, and certainly
not be devoid of interest briefly to detail the origin of the
two institutions that come first on our list.
The merit of originating the system pursued by these two
institutions, is attributed to the friends respectively of Mr.
Joseph Lancaster and Dr. Bell, and, as in most similar
claims, there is much of justice in attributing to each the
merit of being founder ; the exertions of the former developed
and made public a system which was at the time being pur-
sued by the latter : to Lancaster, is due the great public
attention first devoted to the subject ; but to Dr. Bell, the
first adoption of its principles.
Whilst superintendent of the Military Orphan Asylum at
Madras, in 1791, Dr. BelP one day observed a boy, belonging
to a Malabar school, writing in the sand ; thinking that me-
thod of writing very convenient, both as regards cheapness
and facility, he introduced it in the school of the asylum,
and as the usher refused to teach by that method, he em-
ployed one of the cleverest boys to teach the rest. The
experiment of teaching by a boy was so remarkably success-
ful, that he extended it to the other branches of instruction,
and soon organized the whole school under boy teachers,
who were themselves instructed by the doctor. On his re-
turn to England, he published a report of the Madras Orphan
Asylum, in which he particularly pointed out the new mode
of school organization, as far more efficient than the old.
1 Mr. Bell received his diploma of M.D. in 1787, and of D.D. in 1812.
361
FiKST EFFORTS, j^atiinial 6iiiiratiim. a.d. 1791-1811
This publication took place in 1797, and in the following
year Dr. Bell introduced the system into the school of St.
Botolph's, Aldgate, London. He afterwards introduced it
at Kendal, and made attempts with small success to obtain
its adoption in Edinburgh. Settling down soon after as
rector of Swanage in Dorsetshire, he was secluded from
the world for some years ; yet he retained his strong opinion
of the value of the new system of education, and had the
school at Swanage conducted on that system.
In the meanwhile Joseph Lancaster, son of a Chelsea
pensioner, in the Borough-road, London, opened a school in
his father's house, in the year 1798, at the early age of
eighteen. He had been usher in schools, and being of an
original, enterprising, and ardent character, he had himself
made improvements in tuition. Dr. Bell's pamphlet hav-
ing fallen in his way, he adopted the Madras system with
eagerness, making various alterations in its details. In the
year 1802, he had brought his school into a very perfect state
of organization, and found himself as well able to teach 250
boys with the aid of the senior boys as teachers, as before to
teach 80. His enthusiasm and benevolence led him to con-
ceive the practicability of bringing all the children of the
poor under education by the new system, which was not only
so attractive as to make learning a pleasure to the children,
but was so cheap as exceedingly to facilitate the establish-
ment and support of schools for great numbers of the poor.
He published pamphlets recommending the plan, and in one
of them ascribes the chief merit of the system to Dr. Bell,
whom he afterwards visited at Swanage. His own school he
made free, and obtained subscriptions from friends of edu-
cation for its support.^ The Duke of Bedford, having been
invited to visit it, became a warm and liberal patron of the
system. Lancaster pushed his plan with the ceaseless energy
of an enthusiast ; nothing daunted or discouraged him ; he
asked subscriptions for new schools from every quarter ;
and at length he was admitted to an interview with the
king (at Weymouth in 1805). Being charmed with what
he heard of his large designs, the admirable order and effi-
ciency of his schools, and also with the simplicity and
overflowing benevolence of the man, his majesty subscribed
£100 a year, the queen £50, and the princesses £25 each,
^ Lancaster was a member of the Society of Friends ; and he received
much encouragement and assistance from them.
362
THE MADRAS Ijitjiig ^ iin|irnnnig system.
to the extension of the " Lancasterian system." The king
also declared himself to be the patron of the society Avhich
was soon afterwards formed to promote education on this
system.
Such was the origin of the " British and Foreign School
Society."!
Dr. Bell's method thus publicly brought forward and ad-
vocated, in process of time was adopted in the Lambeth
schools, by the Archbishop of Canterbury : and in the Royal
Military School, by the Duke of York's authority ; numerous
schools forthwith springing into existence upon what is
known to this day as the Madras system ; the distinctive fea-
tures between these and such as were founded by Lancaster's
party, consisting in the extent to which the religious instruc-
tion should be mixed with the secular ; the former, as a cler-
gyman of the Established Church, advocating the inculcation
of the truths of Christianity as held in the Church articles
and formularies ; the latter, representing the dissenting in-
terests, admitted the reception of the Bible as the foundation
of all instruction, but without any note or comment. This
still remains the essential difference between the two socie-
ties and the schools conducted on their principles. In 1808,
Dr. Bell endeavoured to induce the government to take up
his plans, and to establish " A National Board" of Educa-
tion, with schools placed under the management of the
parochial clergy. In this he failed, but friends of the Estab-
lished Church rallied round him, and, through their efforts
and under the patronage of the bishops and clergy, the
National Society was eventually formed in 1811.
In addition to these great societies, and the rising estab-^
lishment of the Home and Colonial Infant schools, efforts are
being made on a large scale by the Wesleyans for building
schools in different parts of the country ; the original scheme
being, it was stated, to build 700 in seven years ; the Con-
gregationalists also, it will be seen, are about commenc-
ing an extension of their training and model establish-
1 Originally designated " The Royal Lancasterian Institution for pro-
motiug the Education of the Children of the Poor." In 1808, Lancaster
resigning his affairs into the hands of trustees, it assumed more of the
character of a public institution.
^ Mr. Lancaster died in 1838, supported, in his later days, solely by
an annuity purchased for him by a few old and attached friends. Dr.
Bell died in 1832, leaving the princely sum of ;£120,000 for the encoa-
ragement of literature and the advancement of education.
363
BKIT. & FOKEIGN HHtilHIIll (B&Hrirtillll. SCHOOL, A.D. 1805
ment in the metropolis, with the view of increasing and im-
proving their schools. Most of the local schools in the
metropolis, indeed with few if any exceptions, are connected
either directly or indirectly with one of the principal socie-
ties or other unions and boards detailed in this chapter ;
consequently, we are enabled, with some little trouble, to
afford statistics respecting them, trustworthy under each, if
not as a whole, satisfactory. The British Society, being the
oldest established, appears entitled to first consideration.
BRITISH AND FOREIGN SCHOOL SOCIETY.
Borough-road. Established 1805, For the promotion of the
daily instruction of the children of the labouring poor, and
for the training of teachers ; differing from the National
Society, by the following fundamental principle : " that no
catechism, or church formulary, shall be taught in any school
connected therewith or assisted thereby, and that every child
shall be expected to attend the Sabbath school, or place of
worship, which its parents prefer"^ — the desire being to unite
every denomination of dissenters for the purpose of Chris-
tian education," The selection and training of suitable
young persons as teachers with the same views, is a great
object of the society, and for that purpose it maintains
model schools and normal seminaries for both sexes.
The Model Boys' School numbers nearly 700 children in
daily attendance ; the girls' school, 300, Since their estab-
lishment, 52,828 children have been received.
The Normal Seminaries are for instructing teachers, to fit
them for the right performance of their duties. Since the
formation of the society, nearly 3,000 teachers have thus
been selected and trained.
Local schools, although conducted on the plan and prin-
ciples of the society, are governed by independent local
committees ; the schools in the immediate neighbourhood of
London, are regularly inspected once in three months, under
the direction of the Parent Society, and those in the country
receive visits as frequently as is practicable : 167 schools,
containing 23,823 scholars, are under the supervision of the
London inspector : and 58 distinct country schools, with
7,205 scholars, within 10 miles of London,
^ Here the most improved methods of instruction may he seen in
actual operation. The Schools are open to visitors every day (Sundays
excepted) from 10 to 12 o'clock, and from 2 to 4.
364
THE NATIONAL MjUg ^ imptDDiHg SOCIETY, A.B. 1811
The society likewise extends its operations in establishing
schools in the colonies, France, Spain, and South America.
In consequence of the increase during the last five years
of 660 in the number of schools, and of 7000 children, the
society has lately issued an appeal for the extension of
normal schools, and is about establishing one on a large
scale, to commence with at Bristol.
The gross receipts are about £11,560 annually, derived
nearly half from the sale of publications, and the remainder
from voluntary contributions. One guinea annual or ten
guineas donation, constitutes a member entitled to school
books and stationery at reduced prices.
President, Duke of Uedford.- — Treasurer, Samuel Gumey, Esq.
— Secretary, Henry Dunn, Esq. — Collector, Mr. Thomas Boulton,
31, Westmorland-place, City-road.
THE NA TIONAL SOCIETY, Sanctuary, Westminster.
Established 1811 ; incorporated 1817. For promoting the
education of the poor in the princijjles of the Established
Church throughout England and Wales. By its constitution,
it includes among its directors all the higher ecclesiastical
authorities throughout the kingdom, together with ten tem-
poral peers or privy councillors, and sixteen other members
of committee, six of whom are clergymen.
Connected with the central institution, in Westminster,
various boards of education, throughout the country, have
been established in furtherance of the same objects, although,
perhaps, differing slightly in their internal arrangements.
Dioceses are variously organized for educational purposes ;
but every diocesan board bears the same relation to the
rest, and to the central institution. Each board is formed
and presided over by its own bishop ; and, with the ex-
ception of a few special grants to the parent institution,
every diocese spends its own funds within its own limits.
Thus constituted, the National Society, together with these
its affiliated associations, may be regarded as an accredited
organ or agent of the Church, in the all-important duty of
instilling Christian principles into the children of the poor ;
to provide, if possible, for every parish in the kingdom, the
means of daily instruction in sound Christian principles ; and
to realize the hope expressed with so much feeling by the
venerable George III, " that a time might come when every
poor man in his dominions would be able to read his Bible."^
365
THE NATIONAL ||iitinnal (lEktatinual society, a.d. isii
The operations of this society have now been carried on
for nearly forty years, with the greatest success. During the
last five years, the society has expended in aid of building,
enlarging, and otherwise improving school-rooms and teachers'
residences, the sum of £139,197, to 1,940 cases of applica-
tion ; thereby affording accommodation for 265,542 children,
at a total outlay of ;£767,980 ; and, during the same period,
has sent out 1,042 trained masters and mistresses, to schools
in various parts of the country.
The general result of the exertions made by the society is,
that the number of schools formally in union with the soci-
ety, and in which, consequently, the children are instructed
in the Holy Scriptures, and in the liturgy and catechism,
and are regularly brought, if possible, to the parish church
on the Lord's day, was, in 1847, as follows, and has since
been materially increased : — Sunday and daily (including
infant schools), 6,798, with 526,754 scholars ; Sunday and
not daily, 1,597, with 237,848 scholars. Total number of
schools in union, 8,395, with 764,602 children.
The total number of schools under the direction of the
clergy throughout England and Wales, including the above,
was, according to returns obtained two years ago by the so-
ciety :— Sunday and daily schools, 17,015, with 955,865
scholars ; Sunday schools, 5,230, with 466,794 scholars.
Total Church schools, 22,245, with 1,422,659 scholars,2
With a view to the improvement, as well as extension of
education, the following institutions are wholly supported
^ An expression of his Majesty during the audience he granted to
Lancaster in 1805, before referred to.
^ Metropolitan Statistics of Church Schools. — The returns being made
up in counties, — any attempt to break into this for the sake of giving the
metropolis proper, and adding Southwark, might prove at the cost of
accuracy, without presenting the advantage of definite limits, — we there-
fore give the summary as enabled to compile it. The county, it will be
borne in mind, includes the City of Loudon aud Westminster ; is in the
diocese of London, and contains 313 parishes, or ecclesiastical parishes,
with a population of nearly 1,600,000. There are 767 schools ; 414 either
directly or indirectly connected with the National Society, of which
there are 340 in connexion with the Diocesan Board.
Sunday and weekday, 488 ; week-day only, 168 ; Sunday only, or
additional on Sunday, 91 ; Sunday and week day evening, 14 ; week-day
evening only, 6.
Amount of instruction. — Total number of scholars receiving both Sun-
366
THE NATIONAL ^ihlllg ^ illiprilllillg SOCIETY, A.D. 1811
by the society, the central schools affording not only instruc-
tion to the scholars, but exhibiting the working of the na-
tional system, on a large scale, to the young persons in
the training establishments, and affording them means of
practising as instructors.
Institution for Educating Youths to he Schoolmasters,
Stanley-grove, King's-road, Chelsea. Principal, Rev. Der-
went Coleridge, M.A.
Institution for Educating Young Women to be Schoolmis-
tresses, Whiteland's House, King's-road, Chelsea. Chaplain,
Rev. H. Baber, M.A.; Treasurer, John Shephard, Esq., Doc-
tors' Commons ; Managers, Mrs. Field and Miss Lowman.
Institution for Educating Adult Schoolmasters, Terrace
House, Battersea. Principal, Rev. Thomas Jackson, M.A.
Boarding House for Adult Schoolmasters, 10 and 11, Man-
chester-buildings, Westminster. Superintendent, Rev. Alex.
Wilson. Boarding House for Schoolmistresses, Smith's-square,
Westminster, Matron, Mrs. Barber,
The Central Schools: — Boys' School, Sanctuary, West-
minster. Master, Mr. Richards. Girls' School, Sanctuary,
Westminster. Mistress, Miss Heyes. Infants' School, Tuf-
ton-street, Westminster. Mistress, Miss Clarke.
The special fund for the establishment of Schools in the
Manufacturing and Mining Districts. This fund, raised in
1843 and 3, amounting to ^150,000, is now exhausted, hav-
ing been mainly devoted to building school-rooms and teach-
day and week-day instruction, boys, 23,382; girls, 18,684 : Week-day
instruction only, boys, 11,3.52; girls, 10,817, — total, (i4.235,or about 1 iu
25 of the population : Sunday instruction only, boys, 7,207 ; girls, 8,623, —
total, 1 5,830 : Sunday and week-day evening instruction, boys, 311; girls ,
177, — total, 488; Week-day evening instruction only, boys, 245 ; girls,
179,— total, 424. Total under instruction, boys, 44,073 ; girls, 40,279,—
80,977.
In the Sunday schools there are 2,707 gratuitous teachers, — 1,089
males, and 1,618 females. There are 1,336 paid teachers employed in
this county, viz., 248 masters, 446 mistresses, 34 assistant masters, and
89 assistant mistresses, and 278 male and 241 female paid monitors.
Total amount of salaries, ^"37,611 12s. Od.
Total expense of maintaining Church Schools in the county ,i£89 ,698 1 1 s.
Supported iu tlie following manner: — Endowment only, 35; subscrip-
tion only, 145 ; endowment and subscription, 94 : total Free Schools, 274.
Payments from the children only, 49; endowments and payments, 6;
endowments, subscriptions, and payments, 87 ; subscription and pay-
ments, 3d 1 : total of Pay Schools, 493.
367
HOME & COLONIAL ^StillllHl (BhlltHtillll. INFANT, A.D. 1836
ers' houses, among the mining and manufacturing part of the
population : but the demand for further aid upon the funds
of the society, from all parts of the country, are still most
urgent.
The funds of the society are entirely supported by volun-
tary contributions, and vary in amount from £10 to ^15,000;
from time to time (about once in every three years) a " Queen's
letter" is granted, for the purpose of enabling the committee
to extend their grants towards local operations ; the sum
realized thereby is ordinarily about £35,000.^
One guinea annually, or ten guineas in one sum, consti-
tutes a member, and entitles to vote at the annual general
meeting.
President of the Society, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurer,
Rev. Archdeacon Sinclair. — Secretary, Rev. John G. Lonsdale.
—Chief Clerk, Mr. F. W. Stretton.— Receiver, Mr. H. Stretton,
77, Great Queen-street.
HOME AND COLONIAL INFANT School Society,
Grays-inn-road, Established 1836. For the general im-
provement and extension of the Ii fant School system, and
education generally, on Christian principles, as set forth and
embodied in the articles of the Church of England,
This excellent establishment consists of two schools, where
near 500 children are instructed upon a graduated course ; in
the lower school, the infant faculties are endeavoured to be
developed ; and in the upper, where they are generally kept
until ten years of age, the children are taught to exercise
and improve those faculties.^ These schools are supported
^ The amounts collected by "Queen's Letter" are now paid over direct
to the Treasurer of the charity for which they are f/ranted ; and not, as
formerly, subject to fees and other abatements. The old " Church Briefs,"
in spite of the provisions of the act of Anne, 4, c. xiv, for their improve-
ment, constituted a much abused system, by their being farmed by bankers
and others ; and the patent charges were very heavy. They were virtually
abolished by the 9th George IV, c. xlii. "Queen's letters" are generally
for the benefit of one of the three societies, — The National ; The Incor-
porated Church; and The Gospel, — one each third year.
" The Model Schools are open during the usual school hours for the
inspection of the public ; but Tuesdays, from half-past two to four, is a
time when the complete working of the Institution may be seen, from the
first to the last step, under the direction of their own teachers, when
lessons likely to be interesting to visitors will be given ; and a more inter-
esting, and at the same time instructive, afternoon can be scarcely spent,
— it will well repay the experiment.
368
THE METROPOLITAN ^tMlig ^v illiprilllillg TRAINING, A.D. 1849
for the further and chief purpose of the Institution, viz., that
of training teachers ; qualifying them by practical instruc-
tion for masters and mistresses, and thereby enabling them
to be recommended to schools as occasion may offer. Eighty-
four teachers can be in training at one time in the Institu-
tion, they are required to remain six months at least, and
pay the sum of seven shillings per week forboard and lodging,
the remaining expenses being defrayed by the Society's funds;
those who remain twelve months pay £15, and such have
the opportunity of obtaining the government certificate, after
examination by Her Majesty's Inspectors ; in that case, they
have to pay only £10. Nearly 1200 teachers have been
already sent out for Home, Colonial, and Foreign service,
experiencing those advantages. Teachers may be readmitted
for further training at any time they feel their deficiences,
for a few weeks, at five shillings per week. The remaining
objects of the Institution are, to circulate information, cor-
respond with the friends of infant tuition, print and publish
lessons, provide school materials, kc , and appoint inspectors
to visit schools, and places where schools may be required.
The Society's publications may be obtained at 169, Fleet-
street, or at the Institution. Application for teachers, or to
be admitted for training, etc., to be addressed to the Secre-
tary. The funds are deservedly well supported ; the whole
expenditure is about £3500, from which must be deducted
from £1200 to £1500, received by payments for publica-
tions and teachers' fees : the balance must, however, con-
tinue entirely dependent on voluntary contributions.
One guinea annual, or ten guineas donation, constitutes a
member.
Treasurer, John Bridges, Esq. — Hon. Secretary, J. S. Reynolds,
Esq. — Travelling Secretary, Mr. Prince.
CHURCH OF ENGLAND METROPOLITA N Train-
ing Institution, Highbury.^ Instituted 1849. The object
of this Institution is to train pious persons as masters and
mistresses of juvenile schools, connected with the'Established
Church, " upon principles scriptural, evangelical, and pro-
• Long known as " Highbury College," purchased hy the committee
for ^12,500; a purchase, which involved ^5,000 more to render it
available for training masters, and model-school inclusive ; to meet which,
the amount of subscriptions to time of purchase was only ^68,000, and a
promise of ;£4,000 more in aid thereof from the Committee of Council ;
369
METROPOLITAN jifltillMl (B}llIIHtilIlI. TRAINING, A.D.I 849
testant".! It is quite distinct in its operations from any
other society, and originates in the view, that the existing
provision is far short even of present requirements, besides
the prospect of future demands that will necessarily ensue,
when the present pupil teachers in the government schools
wUl be looking for higher religious training : it is calculated
that in about three years, one thousand such young persons
will be terminating their periods of apprenticeship, an
accession of numbers, one half of which the existing esta-
blishments will not be capable of accommodating.
This Institution proposes, therefore, providing suitable
reception for eighty masters and eighty mistresses, in distinct
and separate establishments, under a committee composed
exclusively of clerical and lay members of the Church of
England, to be elected annually by the subscribers ; and in
furtherance of these objects, this committee have been
fortunate enough to meet with the present handsome and
commodious building.^ The establishment for training
masters will consequently be shortly opened, but that for
mistresses, requiring additional building and outlay, will be
deferred for increase of funds.
satisfactory as the purchase is in every respect, yet the immediate large
outlay precludes the whole of the projected purposes from beiug carried
out, until warranted by an increase of funds.
^ The plan of this training institution is very similar in principles to,
and in entire unison with, the Cheltenham training schools. The closing
paragraph in the constitutional deeds of which is worthy insertion here,for
the purpose of illustration : " And lastly, it is hereby declared and agreed
by and between the said parties to these presents, that while it is desired
that the particular mode, plan, and scheme of education in the said
schools shall be left freely in the hands of the committee of the said in-
stitution, and their successors, for ever ; and that it shall be left to them
to adopt, in conjunction with the principal, such modifications of existing
systems of conveying instruction, or such new plans to be subsequently
recommended, as to them may seem expedient, — it is solemnly intended
and purposed, that the religious education to be conveyed in the said
schools, shall always be strictly Scriptural, Evangelical, and Protestant,
and in strict accordance with the articles and liturgy of the Church of
England, as by law estabUshed, in their literal and grammatical sense.
And that these principles should for ever be preserved, as a most sacred
trust, at any sacrifice of pecuniary loss, or temporal interests. And this
will and purpose is hereby recorded and affirmed, in dependence on the
aid and blessing of Almighty God, and in sole rehance upon the teaching
of the Holy Ghost, through the only I^rd and Saviour Jesus Christ."
24
370
LONDON DIOCESAN ^JWHg k im|irnilillg BOARD, A.D. 1839
It is intended to reduce the payments required from
students, to the smallest possible sum, but it will finally all
depend on the amount of funds at the Society's disposal.
The following are the terms contemplated : general ages of
admission 18 to 30; candidates to satisfy the clerical referees
as to the soundness of their views, etc., and their fitness for
admission ; the charges for males £25 for the first year, and
£20 for succeeding years ; and for females, £20 the first
year, and J16 for succeeding years. A " certificate of
merit" entitles to one year without charge, after the first
year ; and a government exhibition in lieu of payment for
the first year. The length of residence to depend on age,
acquirements, and pecuniary means, but in no case less then
one year. One pound annual, or from clergymen, 10s., or
^10 at one time, constitutes a governor, entitled to one vote.
Chairman of Committee, Lord Ashley, M.P. — Treasurer, Hon.
Arthur Kinnaird. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev. J. Wilson, 9,
Bamsbury Park, Islington ; John Martin, Esq., 23, Chancery-lane.
LONDON DIOCESAN BOARD OF EDUCATION,
79, Pall Mall. Instituted 1839. For the purpose of forming
a medium of communication and mutual suggestions between
the clergy and other persons of the diocese interested in the
cause of religious and general education, in accordance with
the doctrine and discipline of the Established Church ; to
collect and circulate information as to the state of education
in the diocese, and the obstacles which impede its progress
or efficiency ; take measures for the extension and improve-
ment of education in connexion with the Church of England
throughout the diocese ; bring into union with itself as
many as possible of the schools existing in the diocese, on
iiie terms adopted by the National Society ; and establish
an effectual system of inspection and periodical examination
of the schools in union with the board, with the concurrence
of the managers of such schools, and under the sanction of
the bishops. It also assists in establishing and supporting,
by means of grants. Ragged Schools in populous districts.
The whole number of schools in union directly or indirectly
with the National Society in London and Westminster, is
414, of which 340 are in union likewise with this board.
The expenses of maintaining this board are under ^350 per
annum, and are defrayed by voluntary contributions of its
members. Vide National Society, page 364.
371
CONGREGATIONAL ||HlilIIIill (Bbirfltillll. BOARD, A.D. 1843
General Meetings, on the third Tuesday in February,
May, and November, respectively. The annual meeting of
the subscribers, in May.
President, Bishop of London. — Treasurer, Sir Walter R. Far-
quhar, Bart. — Honorary Secretary, Rev. R. Burgess. — Auditors :
Rev. H. Howarth, and John Martin, Esq. — Assistant Secretary,
Mr. G. C. Silk. —Collector, Mr. J. Bumingham.
CONGREGATIONAL BOARD OF EDUCATION.
Established 1843. Consists of Normal Schools, at 10,
Liverpool-street, Finsbury ; and of model schools at 2, Golds-
worthy-place, Rotherhithe.
The former for the training of young persons from 18 to
30, who are "of decided piety, possessing suitable qualifica-
tions, and who are decidedly opposed to government aid in
education": payment for males, 5s. a week, females, 4s. a week.
The latter is at present conducted in the building formerly
known as the Je win-street Chapel, and contains 170 children.
The balance sheet for 1848-9, exhibits the gross receipts
to be ^2,152, and expenditure, £2,083. It is in immediate
contemplation to remove the whole establishment to Homer-
ton College, the purchase of which for the purpose having
just been determined upon by the board. Application for
.admission to be addressed to the Secretary of the Congrega-
tional Board of Education, Liverpool-street, Finsbury.
Principal, Rev. W. J. Unwin, M.A. — Treasurer, Samuel Mor-
ley, Esq.- — Secretary, WiUiam Rutt, Esq.— Mistress, Miss Whit-
more.
VOLUNTARY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION, 26, New
Broad -street. City. Established 1849. Founded on the
principle of "repudiation of state assistance", affording
secular instruction ; combined with religious only to those
whose parents do not object to it. The committee announce
their having taken premises, 30, Surrey-place, Old Kent-road,
and readiness to accept applications from pupils for the
Normal schools.
Treasurer, George W. Alexander, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries :
Messrs. Henry Richard, Joseph Barrett, Chas. Theodore Jones.
SOCIETY for PROMOTING CHRISTIAN Knowledge,
67, Lincoln's-inn-fields. Founded 1698. The operations by
which this Institution is more generally known, consist of
publishing cheap religious works, approved of by a commit-
372
CHRISTIAN liMgg k imjirnmng knowledge
tee of members of the Church of England, and circulating
them at a low charge ; also, purchasing works of a good and
instructive tendency in large numbers, and disposing of them
to " members" at reduced prices : but, great as the good pro-
bably effected by these means, and amazing as the extent to
which the system is carried, it partakes too much of a com-
mercial character — conducted though it be on Christian
principles — to entitle the society to be recognized, in our
volume, as a " Charity", were it not for the importance of
its collateral operations in carrying out the objects conveyed
by the title.
The profits of the establishment, together with the large
annual amount of legacies and donations to its funds, are de-
voted to the spreading of Christian knowledge and general
education of the poor. It is thereby enabled to make gra-
tuitous grants of its publications to parochial and other
lending libraries throughout England and Wales ; and by
means of its numerous district committees, to collect and
transmit information respecting the best mode of promoting
Christian education abroad : — to establish, enlarge, or super-
intend schools^ — to supply natives and settlers with its
books — effect translations, when necessary — and lastly, to
render aid in behalf of our colonies and dependencies, and
contribute to the endowment of bishopric and collegiate
establishments. Many of our present missions'' owe their
formation to the instrumentality of this institution, and the
assistance rendered by it to the cause, generally, entitles it to
cordial support.
A brief summary of recent operations will serve to convey
in the most satisfactory manner the present working of the
society.
A grant of £2,000 in 1848 towards the endowment of the
bishopric of Hong Kong, and in 1849, a like amount towards
the collegiate establishment : also during the two years,
;£2,000 to each of the following dioceses, for the purpose of
^ As lately as the year 1811, the Society's operations -were mainly de-
voted to this great branch of usefulness ; but as their extent of labour
increased, it was found desirable to transfer it to an institution then fos-
tered by the Society, and now known as " The National Society."
^ The well-known and devoted missionary, Schwartz, was appointed
by the Society ; and the missions in Southern India were maintained by it
lor many years, until, in 1824, transferred to "The Society for the Pro-
pagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts."
373
SOCIETIES, Hatinnai (BtotHtinn. a.d. i698 to 1750
colleges and schools, viz., New Zealand, Adelaide, Melbourne,
Newcastle, and Cape Town. The sum of ^44,000 has been
granted by the society towards church building in the Colo-
nies, since 1822. In 1846, £1,000 was set apart for the spi-
ritual wants of emigrants, and to the present time the society
supports an agent at Portsmouth and Liver2)ool, to visit and
comfort those about to leave their native land.
During the past year the following number of publica-
tions were issued : — ^bibles, 129,242 ; new testaments,90,880 ;
prayer-books, 287,272 : other books and tracts, 3,646,934.
And the amount of sale of books and tracts in the retail de-
partment alone realized £16,226. From the year 1733, when
the society first began to report its annual issues of publica-
tions, to 1840, it has distributed upwards oi ninety-four mil-
lions of books and tracts. Of these there have been, bibles and
new testaments, 6,559,810; common prayer-books, 7,253,265.
The subscription for membership is one guinea per annum ;
and benefactions are received for the general designs, or
any particular branch of them, to any amount.
This extensive establishment, besides its annual returns
for publications, amounting to between £50,000 and £60,000,
is supported by an income, derived from voluntary contribu-
tions and legacies, of £27,000 ; and from dividends, etc., of
between £5,000 and .£6,000.
President, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurers : Rev. J.
Endell Tyler, B.D. ; William Cotton, Esq. ; Edward Hawkins,
Esq. ; James Wigram, Esq. — Secretaries : Rev. T. B. Murray,
M.A. ; Rev. John Evans, M.A. ; Rev. J. D. Glennie, M.A. —
Bankers, Messrs. Goslings and Sharpe, 19, Fleet-street. — Super-
intendent of Depository, Mr. Cox. — Collector, Mr. Stretton.
BOOK SOCIETY for promoting Rdigious Knowledge
among the Poor. Depository, 19, Paternoster-row. Insti-
tuted 1750. For the gratuitous distribution of bibles and
testaments, and other books of established excellence, adapted
to the instruction of the poor. No books of a controversial
nature are distributed ; and no new book introduced for dis-
tribution, or being already approved, rejected, unless with
the consent of seven-eighths of the members present at a
special meeting of the committee, after having been first
proposed at a former meeting ; and in the summonses for
such meeting, the books proposed for approval or rejection,
to be expressly mentioned. Besides its profits on sales,
amounting last year to £253, the funds are supported by
374
cHKisTiAN ^iMng k iniprnning knowledge
voluntary contributions of about the same amount, and divi-
dends about £90.
One guinea annually, or £20 at one time, constitutes a
member ; who is entitled to a nomination of books, of the
value of 20s. annually ; 10s. 6d. annually entitles to the
value of 7s. 6d. only, in books. Such nominations to be dis-
tributed monthly to the members in rotation, according to the
time of their becoming subscribers ; the number issued in
each month being at the discretion of the committee.
Treasurer, Thomas ChaUis, Esq., Alderman. — Honorary Secre-
taries : Rev. J. Barber, D.D.; Rev. R. H. Shepherd ; Rev. E. A.
Dunn. — Assistant Secretary and Collector, Mr. James Palmer,
19, Paternoster-row. — Depository, Mr. George Harbidge, 19, Pa-
ternoster-row.
RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY, 56, Paternoster-row.
Instituted 1799. For circulating religious works of its own
publication in the British dominions and foreign countries,
under the direction of a committee, composed of an equal por-
tion of Churchmen and Protestant dissenters : on all other
points, it partakes of the same characteristics as the previous
Institutions, and the same remark applies to this and several
other kindred societies, that their system strictly speaking is
commercial; but the profits arising from their trade, together
with the benefactions of members, enable them to devote
large sums for the furtherance of Religion, to supply their
publications at very low prices, and make grants gratuitously
of portions of their stock, as may appear desirable. The
amount of usefulness achieved by the society in these opera-
tions, and the extensive influence exercised by them for fifty
years throughout the known world, entitle it to Christian
consideration and support. Assisted by the labours of the
missionaries of diiFerent Christian denominations, it has
printed important books and tracts in about 110 languages ;
its annual circulation, from the Depository in London, and
from various foreign societies, exceeds 22,000,000, and its
total distribution to March 1849, has been nearly 500,000,000
of copies of its publications. The gross income of this institu-
tion, judging by last year's cash statement, is nearly ^60,000
per annum ; but this includes £44,972, arising from the sale
of publications, which are so arranged, as to defray all busi-
ness expenses : the voluntary contributions and subscriptions
last year amounted to .£12,638 (exceeding the ordinary
amount by nearly £7,000, in consequence of the jubilee
fund); and the dividends to £215.
375
SOCIETIES, ^atiuMl f toratinc. a.d.i799to1847
Ten shillings and sixpence annually, or ten guineas dona-
tion, constitutes a member, who is entitled to purchase
the publications of the society, to any extent, at reduced
prices.
Treasurer, John Gumey Hoare, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries :
Rev. Robert Monro, M.A. ; Rev. Ebenezer Henderson, D.D. —
Corresponding Secretary and Superintendent, Mr. William Jones.
— Assistant Secretary and Cashier, Mr. William Tarn.— Bankers :
Messrs. Bamett, Hoares, and Co., Lombard-st.; Messrs. Hankey,
Fenchurch-street. — Collector, Mr. Edward Marriott, 56, Pater-
noster-row.
ENGLISH MONTHLY TRACT SOCIETY, 20, Red
Lion-square. Established 1837. The object of this society
is to forward a religious tract gratuitously each month, to
families whose names are supplied by subscribers, and in
other quarters ; the number thus circulated by the society
during the past year, was 140,000, being an increase of
20,000 over the preceding year. The funds are supported
entirely by voluntary contributions, and amounted last year
to £1410.
Treasurer, M. Poole, Esq., 4, Old-square. — Honorary Secre-
taries: Rev. Henry Hughes, M.A. ; Rev. John Leifchild, D.D. —
Secretary, Mr. John Stabb, 20, Red Lion-square. — Collector, Mr.
Wade, 14, Swinton-street, Gray's Inn-road.
WEEKLY TRACT SOCIETY, 8, St. Ann's-lane, St.
Martin' s-le-Grand. Established 1847. The tracts are pub-
lished weekly, and contain the simple truths of the gospel,
without regard to controversial points. These are circulated
by auxiliaries, subscribers, and others, many of whom receive
weekly, monthly, and quarterly parcels, and cause them to
be distributed in such districts, both in town and country as
peculiarly require it. Seventy thousand tracts have been
issued during the past year, with several thousand hand
bills for distribution at the doors of theatres, etc.
Treasurer, William Garlick, Esq., 33, Great James-street. —
Secretary, Rev. W. H. Elliott, 12, Wharton-street, Lloyd-square.
SOCIETY for PROMOTING the D UE OBSER VANCE
of the LORD'S DA Y, 12, Exeter-hall. Established 1831.
" By diffusing information as widely as possible on the sub-
ject, by the publication and circulation of books and tracts on
the divine authority of its institution ; adopting all such mea-
sures, consistent with scriptural principles, as may appear
376
CHRISTIAN ^iiiing ^ iniprnning influence, 1843
best adapted to lead to a due observance of the Lord's-day ;
opening correspondence throughout the British empire, and,
if possible, on the continent of Europe, for the purpose of
forming local associations ; promoting, by all proper mea-
sures, petitions to the legislature, throughout the country,
for the enactment of such laws as may be necessary for re-
pressing the open violation of the Lord's-day : and generally
to form a point of union for similar eflforts that may be
made in every part of the world." The operations of the
society have, for the last two years, been more specially di-
rected to the obtaining a better observance of the Sabbath
by railway companies and the Post-office. The late addition
of London duties in the latter office, caused great exer-
tions to be used by the society, and it is much to be desired
that the same will eventually terminate in a total abolition
of all transmission of mails during the Sunday, both in town
and country. But we cannot help expressing our regret,
that so much of its first energies in the struggle, were limited
to the attempting an alteration in a matter of detail, for
the carrying out of which government certainly presented
fair reasons, sufficient, indeed, to justify their determination
to adhere to it.
The expenditure is scarcely above £600 per annum, but
depends entirely on voluntary contributions to be defrayed,
with the exception of £30 or £40, derived from the sale of
its publications. Half-a-guinea annually, or 5 guineas at
one time, constitutes a member for life.
Treasurer, T. Hankey, Esq. — Hon. Secretary, Joseph Wilson,
Esq. — Clerical Secretary, Rev. J. T. Baylee. — Collector, Mr. Geo.
Eagleton, 14, Chatham-place, Blackfiiars.
CHRISTIAN INFL UENCE SOCIETY, 57, Old Broad-
street. Instituted 1843. For the purpose of promoting
the cause of Christianity ; " urging the necessary measures
for its advancement, on Her Majesty's ministers for the time
being, on the bishops, and on the legislature ; bringing the
same under the notice of pious and reflecting men through-
out the kingdom, and influencing the public mind, by means
of the press, in a right direction, on the subject of religion
and morals." Its management is vested in a committee of
six gentlemen ; and to them every member of the society has
the privilege of proposing what he may deem worthy to
be taken under their consideration : and, in the event of the
committee determining to entertain the subject so proposed,
377
PBAYER BOOK AND ^atllHIHl (BtoatiElI. HOMILY, A.D.1812
the member proposing it is invited to attend, and take part
in it. The annual amount of contributions, upon which the
society depends, does not exceed ^100 ; and an accumulating
amount advanced by the committee (£856) stands against
the funds.
All persons subscribing one guinea per annum, or giving
a donation of ten guineas, are members of the society.
Honorary Secretary, Alexander Gordon, Esq., Old Broad-street.
— Committee : John Bridges, Alexander Gordon, R. B. Seeley,
J. J. Cummins, J. D. Paul, and F. Sandoz, Esqrs.
PR A YER BOOK AND HOMILT SOCIETY, 1, Exe-
ter Hall. Established 1812. The object of this society is
to distribute gratis, and to circulate at reduced prices, both
at home and abroad, the Book of Common Prayer, and the
Homilies, in separate sermons, or in the entire volume. All
copies of the Book of Common Prayer issued by this society,
contain the thirty-nine articles of religion, the ordination
services, and other offices complete : this regulation applies
only to the Book of Common Prayer in English, not inter-
fering with the issue of Psalters at home, or selections from
the Prayer Book in other languages. Since the society's
establishment, it has distributed 433,318 Prayer Books,
53,929 Services, Family Prayer Books, and volumes of Ho-
milies ; and 2,864,038 tracts from Homilies, and selection of
Services, &c.
One guinea annually, or ten guineas donation, constitute
a member, entitled to the society's publications at reduced
prices, to three times the amount of subscription. Every
clergyman subscribing half-a-guinea annually, is a member ;
and if contributing a congregational collection, is entitled to
receive two-thirds of the amount in books at cost prices.
The income is derived chiefly from voluntary contribu-
tions, amounting last year to £1,192, besides which, £492
was derived from sale of publications.
President, Rt. Hon. Lord Bexley. — Treasurer, Joseph Wilson,
Esq. — Secretary, Rev. Cornwall Smalley, jmi., M.A. — Visiting
Secretary and Accountant, Mr. Thomas Seaward. — Depository,
Mr. John Corfield. — Collector, Mr. J. C. Bowles.
BRITISH SOCIETY for Promoting the Religious Prin-
ciples of the Reformation, 8, Exeter Hall, Strand. Institu-
ted 1827. " To assist clergymen in their efforts, in their pa-
rishes, to promote and perpetuate the principles of the
378
PROTESTANT ^i^jllg k ilII]irnDnig associations, 1835
Reformation, in their scriptural purity and power ; by in-
ducing Protestants, either in person or by deputy, through
missionaries. Scripture-readers, tracts, and associations of
young men, to engage in weekly and daily labours to convert
Roman Catholics in their neighbourhood ; to visit, give
them tracts, enter into discussion when it is desirable, read
the Scriptures to them, and adopt such other means as may
appear desirable." The income varies from ^2,800 to £3,500,
including £1,600 derived from sale of publications ; the re-
mainder from voluntary contributions.
One guinea per annum, or ten guineas donation, consti-
tutes a member of the society.
Treasurers : Williams, Deacon, and Co. — Honorary Secretary,
G. Finch, Esq. — Secretaries : Eastern District, Rev. W. Foye,
M.A. ; Midland District, Rev. R. P. Blakeney, M.A. — Scotland,
Rev. J. Ciunming, M.A. — Assist. Secretary, Mr. James Miller.
PROTESTANT ASSOCIATION, 11, Exeter Hall.
Established 1835. For the purpose of upholding the Pro-
testant faith, and the fact of its being essentially the religion
of the Scriptures ; "to maintain and increase sound Protestant
feeling ; and enforce, both on the legislature and the people,"
the great principle of its forming an essential characteristic
of the constitution.
The Protestant Magazine is conducted by this association ;
and its other operations consist in holding meetings, pub-
lishing tracts, and assisting in the preparation of petitions,
as events call forth interference to advance the objects
advocated. The funds of this society, judging from last
cash statement, require assistance ; the expenditure exceed-
ing the income, which depends, with slight exceptions, upon
contributions, last year amounting only to £656.
Annual subscribers of ten shillings and upwards, and
donors of five guineas and upwards, assenting to the funda-
mental resolutions, are members of the association.
Chairman, James Lord, Esq. — Treasurer, John Dean Paul, Esq.
— Honorary Secretary, Rev. A. S. Thelwall. — Assistant Secretary,
Elmer Henry Owen. — Collector, Mr. Arthur William Stone, 1,
Fitzroy-street, Fitzroy-square.
Islington Protestant Institute, Islington Green. Instituted
1847. A local institution, established on similar principles
to the last, for the purpose of advocating Protestantism by
publications, lectures, and public meetings.
379 __^
CHURCH BUILDING ^Stlllttfll *E!llirHtiDtt. SOCIETIES, A.D. 1818
Five shillings annual, constitutes a member, entitled to
the publications.
President, Rev. D. Wilson, M.A. — Treasurer, George Friend,
Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev. J. Sandys, M.A., and others. —
Collector, Mr. Liddle, Parochial Schools, Church-street. — Pub-
lisher, Mr. J. H. Jackson, Islington-green.
INCORPORATED SOCIETY for Promoting the En-
largement, Building, and Repairing of Churches and Chapels,
7, Whitehall. Since its formation, in 1818,^ it has assisted
in the erection of 763 additional churches and chapels ; and
otherwise, by enlarging and rebuilding, has provided addi-
tional church room for 760,000 persons, of which number
the free and unappropriated sittings for the use of the poor
are for 566,000 persons : 2,735 parishes have thus been ena-
bled, by its help, to effect their objects ; and it has expended
for the increase of church accommodation, .£439,698 ; during
the last year, nearly £13,000.
The committee grant funds towards the enlargement or
building of churches or chapels ; having regard, in their
selection of parishes or districts, to the amount of the popu-
lation, present accommodation for attendance, and pecuniary
ability of the inhabitants thereof to raise the greatest pro-
portion of the expense required for the enlargement or
building. The committee likewise grant aid towards the
repairs of churches and chapels, which have fallen into dila-
pidation without the neglect of the existing parishioners,
and the entire expense of repairing which they are unable
to defray ; reference being had to the amount of money
raised by the parishioners, and to the proposed accommodar-
tion for the poor.
Forms of application for assistance, with suggestions and
instructions to persons engaged in enlarging or buUding
churches or chapels, may be obtained on application. The
committee meet the third Monday in each month, except
August, September, and October. The last cash statement
exhibits an income of £17,000, derived from voluntary con-
^ This society was incorporated by act 9th Geo. IV, cap. 42, intituled
" an act to abolish church briefs, and to provide for the better collection
and application of voluntary contributions for the purpose of enlarging
and building churches and chapels." Dated 1 5th July, 1828. Queen's
letters are granted every third year on behalf of its funds; vide note to
the National Society, page 367.
380
CHOBCH EXTENSION ^iMttg k iHiptllDillg SOCIETIES.
tributions, £7,692, and dividends, £9,544 ; an amount,
however, more than engrossed by the distribution, in grants
and requisite expenses, last year exceeding the receipts by
^400.
One guinea annually, or ten guineas donation, constitutes
a member.
President, the Archbishop of Canterbury. — Trustees : Lord
Kenyon ; Charles Hoare, Esq. ; Joshua Watson, Esq., D.C.L. ;
WilUam Cotton, Esq. — Treasurer, Newell Connop, Esq. — Secre-
tary, Rev. Thomas Bowdler. — Clerk, Mr. W. H. Pitcher. — Col-
lector, Mr. Henry Stretton, 67, Lincoln's Inn-fields.
COMMISSIONERS UNDER THE A CT 58 GEO. Ill,
c. A5,for Building additional Churches in Populous Parishes,
13, Gt. George-street, Westminster. Established 1820. For the
purpose of granting aid from funds placed at their disposal
towards the erecting or completing the erection of churches
in populous parishes ; particularly furnishing accommodation
for the poor by appropriating a large portion of seats to their
use. Thus, since the commission was established, 449 churches
have been completed, affording seats for 483,273 persons,
including 281,076 free seats : besides which, 21 churches
are now in course of building, and plans for 22 approved of,
in various parts of the country. They also determine the
division of large parishes and the assignment of ecclesiastical
districts, and afford facilities under the Church-building Acts
for obtaining additional burying-grounds, etc. The power
of declaring the patronage of chapels is also vested in the
Commissioners.
AH applications, whether for Parliamentary grants, or
perpetual patronages, must be accompanied with full parti-
ciilars of site, building, and proposed endowment, etc., and
set forth in a petition to " The Right Hon. the Lords Com-
missioners for Building additional Churches in popidous
places," addressed to George Jelf, Esq., Treasurer and Se-
cretary.^
Commissioners : Archbishop of Canterbury ; Archbishop of
York ; Bishops of London, Winchester, Lincoln, Chester, Lichfield,
llipon ; Dean of St. Paul's ; Dean of Westminster ; Archdeacons
Hale, Harrison, Headlam, and Sinclair ; Principal of King's
College ; together with the Lord Chancellor ; Lord President
of the Council ; Speaker of the House of Commons ; First
^ The twenty-ninth report of this commission was presented to Par-
liament 28th of July 1849, and is now published.
381
A.D. 1820 ^atinnai (Biiiiratinc. to i844
Lord of the Treasury ; Home Secretary ; Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer ; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ; First Com-
missioner of Woods and Forests ; Master of the Faculties ; Dean
of the Arches ; and Judge of the Consistory Court, — all for the
time being. Also, Earl of Harrowby ; Bishop of Worcester ; Bishop
of Ely ; Lord Kenyon ; Lord Bexley ; Eight Hon. W. E. Glad-
stone, M.P. ; Sir Robert Harry Inglis, Bart., M.P. ; Joshua
Watson, Esq. — Treasurer and Secretary, George Jelf, Esq. — Sur-
veyor, J. H. Good, Esq. — Chief Clerk, Thomas Beachcroft, Esq.
METROPOLIS CHURCHES FUND, 79, Pall Mall.
Established 1836. This fund was raised in the first instance
for the immediate " building of fifty new churches and
chapels in the metropolis"; much of the original design has
been carried out, but there still remains a scope for extensive
additional operations. No report, it is stated, has been
issued by the committee since 1846, and that being returned
as " out of print", no detailed statement of late progress can
be given. But up to April, 1845, thirty-eight new churches
and one new chapel had been erected, at a cost of nearly a
quarter of a million ; averaging an increase of five new
churches each year.
President, Bishop of London. — Vice-President, Bishop of Win-
chester. — Secretary, Rev. William Dodsworth. — Assistant Secre-
tary, Mr. C. G. Silk.
CHURCH EXTENSION FUND, for new Churches,
the patronage of which shall be vested in Trustees. Instituted
1844. 18, Sergeant's-inn, Fleet-street. The distinguishing
characteristics of this fund — its leading aim and object —
are, "that in providing churches, the appointment of faithful
and zealous ministers shall be secured, so far as human in-
strumentality may avail, both in the present and all future
generations." With a view to the attainment of this object,
the patronage of the churches, to the erection of which the
committee contribute, is vested in trustees — men of piety
and judgment — the survivors of whom, upon the death of
any of their number, may reasonably be expected to nomi-
nate to the trust individuals like-minded with themselves.
No arrangement so efiectual as this perhaps can be devised
for securing, under the Divine blessing, a pure and conscien-
tious exercise of church patronage.
The following statement shews the funds at the disposal of
the committee, and their engagements ; —
382
CHURCH EXTENSION ^iMlIg k iHIprnUillg AND CLERICAL
Contributions received from 14th February, 1845, to 3lst £ $. d.
May, 1849 ..... 20,556 2 6
Expected of the instalments of donations jet outstaudiog 1,000
Expended,— 21,656 2 6
On account of grants . . 10,769 3 8
For rent, and expenses of management,
for four years . . . 1,586 11 4
12,355 15
Liabilitiei, — 9,200 7 6
For second church in Southwark . 3,000
For two churches at Nottingham . 4,500
For completion of church in Castle Hall 2,000
9,500
From this statement it will be obvious that the associa-
tion is in want of large additional funds, at a time when there
is a cry through the length and breadth of our land for an
increase of church accommodation. There are, we are in-
formed, about ninety districts constituted by the Ecclesias-
tical Commissioners, under the Act commonly called " Sir
Robert Peel's Act", for which no churches have yet been
provided. The population of those districts is about 320,000.
The direction of the fund is under a committee of thirty
lay members of the Established Church. Applications for
assistance from the fund must be addressed to the committee,
accompanied with fuU and accurate information as regards
destitution, church accommodation of the district, and amount
of local contributions that can be secured towards the object
in view ; extra seats for the poor, are made a special point
with the committee, in all churches aided by the fund.
Chairman of Committee, Lord Ashley. — Treasurer, John Dean
Paul, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries: Alexander Gordon, Esq.;
G. J. Philip Smith, Esq. — Assistant Secretary, Rev. A. R. Pen-
nington, M.A.
THE LONDON CONOREGATIONAL CHAPEL
Building Fund, 4, Bloomfield-street, was established 1848,
for the purpose of erecting, or assisting in the erection of,
fifty new chapels, in the metropolis and its vicinity, " in the
course of twenty years or less." Two are already opened ;
one is near completion, in the City-road ; and a fourth in
contemplation, in Somers Town.
^ 3S3
AID FTTSDs, ^{ilinnai (Btoratinn. a.d. issg
Treasurer, John Remington Mills, Esq. — Secretary, Rev. J. C.
Galloway, M.A.
Southwark Fund for Schools and Churches, 4, St. Martin's-
place, — a local fund, in order to supply the deficiency of spiri-
tual instruction in the borough, discovered, in 1845, to be
truly alarming : thus, in Lambeth and Southwark, with a
population of 135,000, there was church room only for one-
eighth, and educational provision, in connexion with the
Church, for one only in fifty-five. £30,000 has been soon
collected, and mostly appropriated as under : — ^five new dis-
tricts have been legally constituted ; sixteen schools erected,
or in course of satisfactory progress ; two new churches
erected, and five more determined upon, as funds will allow.
It is open to subscribers to direct, if they think fit, that
their contributions shall be applied to the erection of churches
or schools, as they may individually prefer ; or to particular
parishes or districts. Payments may also be made, if desired,
by five several instalments.
President, Bishop of Winchester. — Hon. Secretaries : Henry
Kingscote, Esq. ; Rev. Jeffery Foot. — Treasurer, Henry Sykea
Thornton, Esq.
CHURCH PASTORAL-AID SOCIETY, Temple-cham-
bers, Falcon-court, Fleet-street. Instituted 1836. Such aid
is rendered to the clergy in the discharge of their duties as
they may be desirous to accept, and the society has in its
power to render ; no aid being given except so far as local
exertions are unequal to the necessities of the case. In des-
titute places, where no other sufficient means are available,
the society assists, in appropriating as places of worship
buildings already erected, or in erecting churches or chapels
for that end, and contributing help to the support of addi-
tional clergymen, who may zealously and faithfully cooperate
with the incumbent. The society maintains also, or assists
in the support of, lay agents, whether candidates for holy
Orders, or others, to act under the direction of the incum-
bent, and subject to removal at his pleasure, ^o grant from
the society's funds is made, unless the Incumbent apply, or
sanction the application, and furnish sufficient proof of the
exigencies of the case. The nomination of an assistant is
left with the clergyman to whom the grant is given, the
committee claiming only full satisfaction as to the qualifica-
tion of , his nominee, who, when approved, will be under en-
384
CLERICAL AID. ^IMiig k ini|irnniug pastoral & lay
gagement only to the clergyman by whom he is employed,
and solely responsible to him. Such grants are voted only
for one year.
The following is a brief summary of the society's present
operations : — It aids 289 incumbents, whose average care of
souls is 7,247, and their incomes, £203 ; 160 of whom have
no parsonage house. The aid afforded comprehends 238 ad-
ditional curates, and 76 lay assistants, for popular parishes ;
4 chaplains, and 2 assistants, for railway labourers, boat and
canal men ; and the incomes of 32 incumbents supplied or
improved. — And, the immediate results are, 505 additional
full services, 209 Bible classes, &c. The annual income
amounts to £32,000, derived, with the exception of about
.£518, from voluntary contributions, and is sufficient to de-
fray the present expenditure. The funded property is under
£12,000.
Annual subscribers of one guinea and upwards, and if
clergymen, half-a-guinea, with collectors of 52s. and up-
wards, donors of ten guineas or upwards, clergymen making
congregational collections of twenty guineas, and executors
paying to the amount of £50, are members.
President, Lord Ashley, M.P. — Treasurer, John Labouchere,
Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Rev. Charles Clayton, M.A. — Secre-
tary, Rev. John Button PoUexfen, M.A. — Association Secretaries :
Northern District, Rev. A. P. Irwine, M.A., Richmond, York-
shire ; North Midland, Rev. John Lees, B. A., Kenilworth ; South
Midland, Rev. Edw. Walker, M. A., Cheltenham. — South Western,
Rev. J. G. Kelly, B.A., Bristol ; South Eastern, Rev. J. N. Green
Armytage, M.A., Society's offices. — Assistant Secretary, Thomas
Atchison, Esq. — Collector, Mr. Robt. Watkins. — Bankers, Messrs.
Williams and Co.
SOCIETY for PROMOTWa the EMPLOYMENT
of ADDITIONAL CURATES in Populous Places, 7,
Whitehall. Instituted 1837. To increase the present means
of pastoral instruction and superintendence, and contribute
to the maintenance of additional clergymen, in parishes
where their services are most required. This society repre-
sent that they are prepared to grant, by way of endowment,
a sum not exceeding one-half of the amount raised for the
same purpose by local contributions, and under £500 : such
local contributions to be actually raised or secured under
the trusteeship of the governors of Queen Anne's Bounty.
Applications received only through the bishop of the diocese.
385
VISITING SOCIETIES fiHtilllial (IBtoatillll. A.D. 1837-1844
or with his sanction ; and no payment can be made to in-
cumbents except for curates approved by the diocesan, and
duly licensed.
This society, with the aid of its five affiliated diocesan
associations, disburses about ^35,000 annually, for the main-
tenance of additional curates. The present number of an-
nual grants, supporting an equal number of clergymen, is
three hundred and thirty- three ; besides forty-one endow-
ment grants, eifected since its formation. The annual in-
come of this fund amounts to £21,000, derived, with the
trifling exception of £962, entirely from benevolent contri-
butions. The funds appear in a satisfactory condition, and
the expenditure well covered.
Presidents, Archbishops of Canterbury and York. — Trustees ;
Sir R. H. Inglis, Bart., M. P.; and the Treasurers : Joshua Watson,
Esq., D.C.L.; Benjamin Harrison, Esq. Secretary, Rev. J. M.
llodwell, M.A. — Assistant Secretary, Rev. George Ainslie, M. A.
CHURCH of ENGLAND SCRIPTURE READERS'
Association, 4, Trafalgar-square. Instituted 1844. For pro-
viding assistants to the clergy of populous parishes in the
metropolis, to supply the people with such private ministra-
tions and reading of God's word, as the clergy themselves
are unable adequately to afibrd. Its operations include
grants to seventy-two incumbents, whose parochial popula-
tion amounts to 996,992, being a population of 13,847 to
each incumbent ; and support ninety-seven scripture-readers,
by whose labours not less than 118,000 families are visited
and instructed in the Holy Scriptures. The readers are
selected by the clergy of the respective districts, or by the
committee ; and in no case are continued in any district
against the will of the incumbent. The sanction of the
bishop is likewise required to each appointment. The en-
gagement with each reader is to give thirty-six hours a-week
to reading the Scriptures from house to house ; keeping ac-
count of the portions read, &c. ; urging upon parents and
oriiers the duty of attending church, and of sending children
to school. No other work but the Scriptures and the Prayer
Book is allowed ; and no preaching, either in houses or else-
where. The readers going from house to house through
their allotted districts, the proportion in which these visits
have been divided among diiFerent denominations, may fairly
be taken to represent the general religious profession of the
population visited. During the past year the visits have
25
386
CLERICAL AID, ^liillg k iHiprilDillg PASTORAL (fe LAY,
been made as follows : to members of the Church of England^
200,280 ; Dissenters, 34,840 ; Roman Catholics, 23,850 ;
those of no religious profession, and who frequent no place
of worship, 96,314.
The cash statement for the past year presents some little
improvement over former years. The committee had been
seriously considering the expediency of withdrawing a large
number of their readers ; but now, although nine have been
withdrawn, they have been enabled to place them in other
localities ; and to prevent a recurrence of embarrassment,
they have determined to require a small contribution, for
the future, from each district in which the reader is placed.
The funded property realizes .£5,000 per annum, leaving
^2,500 depending upon voluntary aid.
Patron, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Clerical Secretary, Rev.
Edward Garbett, M. A. — Lay Secretary, J. R. Tate, Esq. — Bankers :
Messrs. Herries, Farquhar, & Co. — Collector, Mr. R. S. Hartnell.
CLERICAL ED UCATION AID FUND, 18, Sergeant's
Inn. Instituted 1845, To increase the efficiency of the
Established Church, by adding to the number of its ordained
ministers, the inadequacy of which is shown by the difficulty
too often experienced by incumbents in obtaining curates,
as testified in the working of the Church Pastoral Aid Soci-
ety. In seeking out and selecting such young persons as
may be deserving of aid, and whose views it would be desi-
rable to advance, " a decision of Christian character, and a
devotedness to the cause of Christ, with a clear and heart-
felt perception of the distinguishing truths of the Gospel, to
form the basis of proceedings — full evidence of which must
be produced to warrant the advancement of any one proposed
as candidate for aid." During the four years in which the
committee have been engaged in carrying out this object,
the education of nine young men has been completed, out of
twenty-three, whose education has been undertaken at an
expense of upwards of .£3,000.
The present income is little better than ^1,000 per annum,
and apparently very insufficient for the purpose, the last
cash statement presenting ^n excess of expenditure over re-
ceipts. It is entirely dependent on voluntary contributions.
Treasurer, John Dean Paul, Esq. — Secretary, Rev. Thomas
Rochford Redwar, M.A. — Honorary Physician, Dr. Chapman, 27,
Lower Gro3venor-street.
387
VISITING SOCIETIES, ^^fltinnfll (Btotmn. a.d. 1825-1834
THE SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN
INSTR UCTION in London and its Vicinity, 60, Paternos-
ter-row. Founded 1825. About one hundred chapels of the
metropolis, chiefly Independent or Congregational, are asso-
ciated with this institution in carrying out its objects, which
are thus defined in the words of its report : — " To advance
evangelical religion, by promoting the observance of the
Lord's Day, preaching of the Gospel, establishment of prayer
meetings and schools, circulation of religious tracts, and the
establishment of gratuitous circulating libraries, with every
other legitimate method which the committee may from time
to time approve, for the accomplishment of the great object
contemplated by the society." For these purposes, above
2,000 gratuitous agents are systematically employed in the
visitation of the poor. The income, which amounts to about
£500 per annum, is derived, half from voluntary contribu-
tions, and half from sale of publications, and exceeds the
expenditure.
Agents and ministers rendering personal service, and per-
sons subscribing ten shillings and sixpence per annum, are
members.
Treasurer, Thomas Challis, Esq., Alderman, 32, Wilson-square,
Finsbury. — Secretaries : Rev. Robert Ashton, Putney, Surrey ;
Mr. John Pittman, 9, Grove-place, Hackney. — Collector, Mr. J.
Ridler, 3, Normandy-place, Brixton.
LONDON DOMESTIC MISSION SOCIETY, 45, Lin-
coln's-inn-fields. Established 1834. To advance the im-
provement of the moral and religious character of the poor,
a,nd the amelioration of their condition : "by employing mis-
sionaries to visit and assemble them at appointed stations
for the purpose of worship and instruction ; establishing
day, Sunday, and evening schools, and other means of im-
provement ; and by the gratuitous distribution, sale, or loan,
of copies of the Scriptures, books, and tracts." The whole
amount of expenditure is about £1,000, defrayed by volun-
tary contributions of about £1,200, and £105 dividends; but
these receipts include a provision for a special building fund.
Five shillings annually, or five guineas donation, consti-
tutes a member.
Treasurer, P. Worsley, Esq., Brewery, Chiswell-street. — Mis-
sionaries : Rev. W. Vidler, Chapel-street, Milton-street ; Charles
L. Corkran, Spicer-street, Brick-lane, Spitalfields. — Hon. Secre-
tary, Henry Enfield, Esq., 45, Jjincoln's-inn-fields. — Collector,
Mr. Wiche, 5, New King-street, Deptford.
388
PASTORAL & LAY ^iMttg k iiH^irnmirg
LONDON CITY MISSION, 7, Red Lion-equare. Insti-
tuted 1 835. For the purpose of affording Christian instruc-
tion, on a large and comprehensive scale, throughout Lon-
don, especially amongst the lower classes. This society em-
ploys missionaries of approved character and qualifications,
who give themselves entirely to the work, visiting from house
to house, in the respective districts assigned to them, read-
ing the Scriptures, engaging in religious conversation, and
urging those who are living in the neglect of religion, to ob-
serve the Sabbath and to attend public worship. They also
see that persons possess the Scriptures,^ distribute approved
religious tracts, and aid in obtaining Scriptural education
for the children of the poor. From the catholic Christian
principles of the constitution of this society, its zealous and
successful operations, the funds are supported very generally
by both Churchmen and Dissenters. The receipts, during the
past year were the largest it has yet had, viz., £19,069, and
the present number of its agents is 235. The average num-
ber of families under their constant visitation is 120,000, or
nearly half a million of human beings. Candidates for mis-
sionary labour must be between twenty-four and forty-five
years of age, and each has to pass an examination by the
committee.
One guinea annually, or £10 donation, or the payment of
a legacy of £50 and upwards as an executor, constitutes a
member ; also clergymen and Dissenting ministers, who
collect for the mission £5 annually, are members.
Treasurer, Sir Edward North Buxton, Bart., M.P.. — Sub-
Treasurer, Mr. J. J. Marks. —Secretaries : Rev. J. Garwood,
M.A. ; and Rev. John Robinson.
BRITISH <& FOREIGN TO WN MISSION SOCIETY,
20, Red Lion-square. Established ] 837. To employ mission-
aries, scripture-readers, and colporteurs, in the cities, towns,
villages, and agricultural districts of England and Wales.
To select and qualify, by suitable training, men of approved
character, as scripture-readers, and town or city missionaries,
without reference to any denominational distinction. In
^ " In the year 1838, every family in the metropolis found destitute o
the Scriptures, was supplied, through the London City Mission, by the
generosity of the British and Foreign Bible Society." — Extract from the
Report.
389
SOCIETIES, ifttinnal (Btoratinn. a.d. 18I8-1849
connexion with this society are about fifty missions, in which
are employed above one hundred agents. Scripture-readers,
(fee, at a cost of £4,000 per annum.
Treasurer, J. Dean Paul, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev.
R. W. Dibdin ; Rev. J. A. Miller. — Secretary, Mr. Thomas Gel-
dart, 20, Red Lion-square.
BRITISH AND FOREIGN SAILORS' SOCIETY,
2, JefFreys'-square, St. Mary-axe. Instituted 1818. For
the promotion of the religious and moral welfare of British
and Foreign seamen, by the distribution of Bibles, tracts,
preaching, domiciliary and ship visitation, by model lodging
houses, retreat for aged seamen, a registry office, and savings'
bank. This society has only recently been reorganized ; the
annual report consequently not being completed, the present
extent of operations cannot be arrived»at.
One guinea annual, or ten guineas donation, constitutes a
member; also being an office-bearer of an affiliated institution.
President, Earl of Duoie. — Treasurer, Sir John Pirie, Bart. —
Secretaries : Rev. Edward Muscutt ; Mr. T. A. Fieldwick.
THE MARINERS' FRIEND SOCIETY, 58, Fen-
church -street. Established in 1849. Somewhat similar in
designation to the Shipwrecked Fishermen's Society (p. 139),
but that attempts to provide more against destitution after
shipwreck. But this, now in its infancy, is formed " to pro-
mote the spiritual, moral, and social improvement of seamen,
fishermen, and others connected with maritime affiiu's, and
to prevent loss of life, and other exigencies, arising from
wrecks, fires, and various disasters incidental to seafaring
life." Their moral improvement it is proposed to accomplish
by establishing day and evening schools, delivering lectures,
holding religious services, distributing tracts, lending books,
(fee. ; their safety is to be provided for by establishing wreck
brigade stations on the most dangerous parts of our coasts,
and furnishing them with all the well known appliances to
be used in case of shipwreck, &c.
Treasurer, Henry Francis, Esq. — Superintendent, Mr. William
Bradford. — Secretary, Mr. John Arnold. — Office, 94, St. George-
street, London Docks, and 58, Fenchurch-street.
THE THAMES CHURCH MISSION SOCIETY, 74,
King William-street. Instituted 1844. For promoting the
spiritual welfare of the seamen remaining on board the ves-
390
THAMES CHURCH ^iMlIg ^ intprDllillg MISSION, A.D, 1844
sels -which lie at the different sections in the River Thames,
between the pools in London and the anchorage at Gravesend,
awaiting their turn to go up and deliver their cargoes in the
metropolis. The admiralty have granted the " Severn" cut-
ter, for the service ; it is fitted up as a church for 120 men.
The chaplain resides on board, and conducts two full services,
at one station or other, every Sunday ; in the afternoon an
Adult Bible Class is held ; and throughout the week he is
engaged in holding evening services on board the Mission
vessel, in visiting from ship to ship, becoming acquainted
with the crews of the colliers, imparting to them religious
instruction, and seeing that they are provided with bibles,
prayer-books, and religious tracts ; he has also a lending
library on board. This Thames church is generally to be seen
moored of a Sunday alongside the largest collection of ships,
with her boats engaged in conveying seamen to and fro
to each service.^ Suitable signals are made to denote the
hours, and the bell rings for half an hour previous. 4028
vessels have been visited, 1730 English bibles, 460 prayer-
books, etc., have been sold, and 196 public services held
during the past year. The annual income realizes about
£500, derived entirely from voluntary contributions ; but
this is exceeded by the present expenditure to an extent of
nearly £100.
One pound annual, or 10s. from a clergyman, or £10 do-
nation, constitutes a member of the society.
Patron, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Treasurer, Capt. Frederick
Madan. — Honorary Secretary, Capt. W. E. Farrer. — Chaplain,
Rev. William Holdemess. — Collector, Mr. W. Maltby, 41, Tre-
degar-square. Mile-end-road.
Ragged Schools had their origin in the early operations,
it is believed, of the London City Mission ; the first school
formed of the character, being in 1837, in Westminster, by
a Mr. Walker, an agent of that society, under the title of the
^ The London Episcopal Floating Church Society is no longer in
existence, its necessity having been superseded by the establishment
of " St. Paul's Church for seamen of the port of London", Dock-street,
consecrated July 10, 1847 ; supported in part by contributions. In
the course of a year, it is computed that above 7,000 seamen come to
this church ; a field of usefulness that can scarcely be overrated. (See
" Sailors' Maritime Establishment", page 138). Treasurer, Andrew John-
son, Esq., 11, Great Tower-street. — Incumbent, Rev. C. B Gribble, M.A.
391
RAGGED SCHOOLS. ^BatlllEal (Bimrfltillll. THEIR VALUE.
" Ragged School, or School of Industry" : the plan was improv-
ed upon in 1843, by Sheriff Watson and others in Aberdeen:
the design of its authors being " to reach the very depths of
ignorance, vice, and destitution, by drawing the mendicant
and ragged children out of the streets."^ The class compre-
hended by the object of ragged schools, it must be borne in
mind, are debarred, by their abject and sadly demoralized
condition, from all other means of instruction and improve-
ment ; no existing schools previous to this scheme, could
admit them within its walls : sunk as they were in ignorance
and vice, they were considered unfit to mix with any other
part of our juvenile population : children, with none of the
happiness, and little of the innocency of childhood — with
frames stunted by hunger and filth — with hearts ignorant
of the first rudiments of Christian knowledge, yet whose
hands are perhaps skUful in the intricate mysteries of theft :
a class large enough to occupy all our efforts without intes-
fering with those otherwise provided for ; — it comprehends
the children of convicts and thieves not in custody ; of
mendicants and tramps ; of worthless drunken parents ; and
others too numerous to mention — varying in age from two
to twenty, and occasionally much older.
Ragged schools, w ith all their acknowledged imperfections,
have done much to improve this class. Whether we look at the
benefits conferred on the children themselves (who are many
of them from time to time drafted off to better schools, or
placed in situations to earn an honest livelihood), or at the
influence for good exerted on the parents and neighbourhood,
of which some remarkable cases might be adduced ; whether
we regard the amount of Christian benevolence such institu-
tions have called forth in favour of the destitute poor, or
the information they have tended to diffuse respecting their
forlorn condition — whether we dwell upon the blessings they
produce, or on the evUs they prevent, there can be no doubt
that a vast amount of good has been effected through their
instrumentality within the last few years ; and it is pleasing
to observe that this good is daily spreading, not only from
the increase in the number of schools, but from the improve-
ment everywhere visible in their discipline, order, and
usefulness ; so that parents are thus becoming alive to the
benefits conferred on their children, and the teachers in-
creasingly interested in the work.
^ Vide note, page 394.
392
RAGGED SCHOOL %MU% k M^HTM'^ UNION, A.D. 1844
We cannot close this necessarily brief testimony to their
value, without noticing the series of papers lately published,^
not only calling in question the usefulness of ragged schools,
but stigmatizing them as the promoters of that which it is
their design to suppress, terming them " nurseries for cri-
minals, and houses of call for thieves." From the general
tone of philanthropy running through the previous letters,
and the usual character of the author's other works, we
were led to think that in the first instance this attack was
an inadvertance ; but when it is seen how pertinaciously
these statements are adhered to, and laboured inferences
endeavoured to be drawn from ingenious statistics, we can
only come to the conclusion, that it is an intentional effort
to write them down, and to influence the public against their
support. It appears chiefly grounded on the fact of ragged
schools having failed to accomplish — that which never could
be, and never was, expected of them by their promoters —
the regeneration of the community we have already de-
scribed ; to be grounded on a total ignorance of the thorough
corruption of the heart of man, expecting even a moral
influence from the education of the worst ; contrary to the
school-day experience recorded in the memory of the very
best amongst us ; and from confusing the effects to be
expected from imparting knowledge, and explaining means,
with that which alone is the work of the grace of God.
We only notice the attack here, with a view of drawing
attention to the complete refutation published by the Union,
in their magazine for May 1850 : the perusal of this we re-
commend to all likely to be swayed by the arguments of the
writer referred to ; entirely agreeing with the conclusion
come to by the editor, that " the friends of ragged schools
have nothing to fear," and almost to believe, with him, that
" charges so monstrous as Mr. M has brought against
them, can only be believed by such as wish them to be true.''^
THE RAGGED SCHOOL UNION, established for the
support of free schools, for the destitute poor of London and
its suburbs, 1844. 15, Exeter-hall. " To encourage and
assist those who teach in Ragged Schools, to help such by
small grants of money, where advisable ; to collect and dif-
^ Letters on tlie Labouring Classes, by the Special Metropolitan Com-
missioner of the Morning Chronicle, during April 1850.
393
RAGGED SCHOOLS.
iatiniiHl (Btoratinn.
EXAMPLES.
fuse information respecting schools now in existence, and
promote the formation of new ones ; to suggest plans for the
more efficient management of such schools, and for the in-
struction of the children of the poor in general ; to visit the
various schools occasionally, and observe their progress ; to
encourage teachers' meetings and Bible classes ; and to assist
the old as well as the young in the study of the Word of God."
The annual receipts of the union vary in amount from
£3,000 to £4,000, derived wholly from voluntary contribu-
tions ; and the expenditure and aid afforded to the various
schools in union, is necessarily regulated by it. Amongst
other means of usefulness effected by the fund, is the publi-
cation of a monthly magazine, devoted to the cause, affording
every information of its progress. Members, teachers, and
superintendents representing ragged schools, and all Sub-
scribers of ten shillings per annum and upwards, have the
privilege of attending its meetings.
Chairman of Committee, Lord Ashley, M.P. — Treasurer, R. L.
Bevan, Esq., Lombard-street. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. William
Locke, 127, Regent-street. — Secretary, Mr. Joseph George Gent,
15, Exeter Hall. — Assistant Secretary, Mr. Alexander Anderson.
— Bankers, Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, and Co., 54, Lombard-street.
— Collector, Mr. W. A. Blake, 4, Southampton-row, New-road.
The following is a summary of the ragged schools in Lon-
don and its suburbs ; arranged in districts : — 1st. Eastern
Districts ; 2nd. Central and Northern ; 3rd. Western ; and
4th. Southern. They are all under the management of local
independent committees, but are in connexion with the
"Union", and from time to time receive pecuniary assistance
from its funds.
District.
Schools.
Attendance of Scholars.
Attend, of Teachers.
Koomto
Accommodate.
Sunday.
Weekday.
Evening.
Voluntary.
Paid.
l8t .
Jnd .
3rd .
4th .
15
24
20
23
1S65
2479
2063
1721
735
1463
1684
413
981
1388
1140
1315
210
223
259
237
20
39
43
22
2045
3235
3090
3340
82
8130 1 4295
4824
929
124 1 11710 1
The number of children partaking more or less of the
benefits of these schools might be stated at 16,000 ; but the
average of numbers, in actual attendance, cannot be safely
estimated at more than 9,600. This is adding the evening
394
BAGGED SCHOOLS. ^iMlIg k ilII|irnEiUg EXAMPLES.
scholars to the day scholars, as they are almost in every case
a distinct and different class, but does not include Sunday
scholars, who are many of them the same as those who attend
the day or evening schools. The number of these in attend-
ance is nearly 9,000.i
It would prove an unnecessary occupation of space, to give
a full list of these local schools, although possessing the
material ; but the under-mentioned, as one of the longest
established, will, with what has already been said, and the
examples given of various collateral operations arising out of
the system, serve for all practical purposes, to illustrate the
objects aimed at, mode of operations, extent and value of
this great work as a whole.
Field-lane Bagged School, corner of West-street, Victoria-
street, Holborn-hill. Instituted 1841. This school, situate in
one of the most wretched and demoralized localities in the
metropolis, is not only one of the first that was established,|but
is now one of the largest of its kind in London. In the language
of its last report " this school receives those whom every one
else refuses", either from their extreme poverty, or their
filthy and ragged condition ; and is free of any expense to
all who attend. The school is open daily, morning and
afternoon, for children under 12 years of age. On Monday,
^ The following description, two years since, of the neighbourhood of
one of these schools, taken from the report, strikingly demonstrates the
peculiar sphere of operations of Ragged Schools : " The degraded condition
of the Seven Dials, St, Giles', is notorious, — vagrants, thieves,sharpers,gam.
biers .beggars, costermongers . scavengers, basketwomen, charwomen , army-
seamstresses,andprostitutes,compose its mass; infidels,chartists,socialists,
and blasphemers, exist there as in head-quarters. Sabbath desecration
there is awful ; and, in addition to the street traflBc, there are not less than
one hundred and fifty shops open, in these sti eets, upon that sacred day :
the laws of God and of man are alike defied ; all social order is set at
naught; the passenger is more or less molested and insulted ; and even the
members of their own degraded fellowship and fraternity are often forcibly
deprived, by their companions, of any little property which they may
happen to possess. Lodging-houses of the lowest and dirtiest description,
thickly studded in these streets, alleys, and yards, afford temporary shel-
ter to the vagrant and the criminal. It is in the very heart of this de-
based and debasing locality, that our school is situate ; its entrance-door
is in the extreme angle of an irregular, three-cornered yard, — a spot so
exceedingly uninviting, that few respectable persons have courage to ven-
ture through it."
395
BAGGED SCHOOLS. HfltilHIfll (EilKKltinil. EXAMPLES.
Wednesday, and Thursday evenings, there is an adult school
for males ; and on Tuesday evenings, an adult school and
industrial class is held for females.
On Friday evening, and on Sunday afternoon, and Sunday
evening, the school is open for religious instruction exclu-
sively. Upwards of 1200 children and adults have been
admitted in a year. The large number of poor and utterly
destitute orphan boys attending the school has led the com-
mittee to open a refuge for a few of the most necessitous.
The Refuge, (No. 11, John's-court, West-street), is now full.
Here, the boys' industrial classes, of tailors and shoe-
makers, are held on Monday and Wednesday evenings.
There are now under instruction upwards of 700 men, women,
and children weekly. It is entirely supported by voluntary
contributions, which amount to nearly ^£300 per annum, and
the necessary disbursements to within a few pounds of that
sum.
Treasurer, Mrs. Stuart, 46, Old Change. — Superintendent, Mrs.
Mounstephen, 72, West Smithfield. — Honorary Secretary, Mr.
J. T. M. Ware, 34, Upper North-place, Gray's-inn-road.
The Westminster Ragged Dormitory, is in connexion with
the New Pye-street Eagged School, and only for the benefit
of such as attend thereat from nine till five. For the first
fortnight, each inmate is admitted only to the probationary
room, and allowed one pound of bread daily. After giving
satisfactory evidence of earnestness, they are taken into the
dormitory, where they undergo a regular course of training,
both educational and industrial. The number at present in
the dormitory is but thirteen, who are maintained at a cost
of £3 per week, including rent. The plan deserves to be
more fully carried out than the present^ receipts allow of,
and the more so, as there is plenty of room to accommodate
more scholars. Master, Charles Nash.
Somewhat similar to this local existing refuge, the com-
mittee of the union have now in view, on a larger scale, the
establishment of a central refiige, or industrial school, where
destitute boys and girls, from the various ragged schools,
^ The promoter and superintendent of the plan writes: "A benevolent
lady, who has been my chief support in this matter, has promised I shall
not want for the means for the present inmates, if I cannot obtain them
from any other source. The greatest difficulty is, how I am to dispose
of them all ; several have been with me for months, and all wish, eventu-
ally, to leave England."
396
COTTAGE SCHOOL ^iMlIg k illljiriliriEg SOCIETY, A.D. 1848
may, for a certain time previous to qualifying for emigra-
tion, be lodged, trained, and taught some useful trade ; thus
being made, in many respects, " more fit for the duties of a
colonial life than those who have just gone out." With
this view, a public meeting was held in June last, at the
Guildhall, presided over by the Lord Mayor, when the sum
of £350 was subscribed towards such an establishment ; but
the committee have not yet succeeded in obtaining suitable
premises, or a suitable site for building.
The Bagged School Emigrant Fund, originated with the
government grants to the promoters of ragged schools, for
the purpose of trying the effect of the plan. It doubtless
would have been persevered in to a much greater extent, but
for the many applications all over the country, upon behalf
of the industrious and deserving poor artizan or labourer, for
similar facilities and assistance ; and the selection of the
ragged and degraded portion of the community, however
deserving, in preference to the more respectable, but equally
destitute, presented so many difficulties, that government
signified they were not prepared to grant any further
amounts to the purpose. The committee are now, therefore,
restricted to such funds as are supplied by the chari-
table ; and the assistance to emigrate is offered only in the
shape of extras prizes to the most diligent and deserving of
the scholars.^ — (For Emigration Societies vide chapter viii.)
Contributions for this purpose are received by the secretary
of the Union, as before.
THE COTTAGE SCHOOL SOCIETY. Established
1848. For the training of mistresses, and for otherwise aid-
ing the formation of small private schools for the poor.
Thus describes the principles and objects aimed at : — " The
Cottage School Society hopes to make schools in rural loca-
lities a very feasible scheme, to introduce into dame schools
1 Conditions required of every candidate for emigration from the Rag-
ged Schools : — Sound health ; regular attendance, for at least six months,
in a Ragged School ; the ability to write a single sentence from dictation ;
to work the four simple rules of arithmetic ; to read fluently ; to repeat
the Lord's Prayer and Ten Commandments, showing a comprehension
of their meaning, and answer a few simple questions on the life of our
Saviour. To these must be added a certificate of regular attendance in
some industrial class, for at least four months ; or a competent knowledge
of some handicraft, or practical occupation, which would serve as an equi-
valent for such industrial training.
m
SUNDAY SCHOOLS. ^atlllllHl (0ilnratilIlI. OKIQIN, A.D. 1785
a more intellectual tone, and to meet the wants of half a
million untaught chUdren in an exceedingly economical
manner. The system of this society is based upon the pure
and simple principles of evangelical truth, as set forth in the
Articles and Formularies of the Church of England ; and it
will require, that in all schools connected with it, the religi-
ous teaching shall be governed by the same principles. A
training and model school will, it is hoped, shortly be opened,
where the peculiar system of the society may be seen in ope-
ration. Pious steady females will be received, and trained
for six weeks in the clear and simple method of the Cottage
School Society. From this institution it is hoped to send
out about three hundred mistresses every year. The expense
of supporting a cottage school in rural localities is very
slight. There are already nearly thirty such schools in ope-
ration, and the children's pence are generally sufficient for
the support of the mistress. The cottage forms the school-
room, and only a trifling sum is needed for the school requi-
sites, (fee. The London Training Institution will be nearly
self-supporting, but funds are much needed for the prelimi-
nary expenses, and also to enable the society to make grants
to very necessitous localities."
The Metropolitan Training School not being opened, there
is no report yet ready. The temporary training school is at
High Wycombe, where forty mistresses have now been
trained.
Additional particulars may be obtained of the Rev. W.
Meynell Whittemore, St. Stephen's, Coleman-street, London,
to whom applications for the training institution should be
addressed. The books for cottage schools, already published,
may be had of the Society's publishers, Wertheim and Co.,
24, Paternoster-row.
Sunday Schools. Inadvertently placed last in our educa-
tional chapter, but not least in estimation, come " Our
Sabbath Schools," blessed in their operations and their re-
sults at all times ; but especially when connected, as they
generally are in London, with the schools for week-day
instruction. Then, indeed, there is good hope afforded that
the secular duties and instruction pursued during the week
may be sanctified by the privileges of the Sabbath, with
the tendency at least, both to pupil and teacher, of making
the week, like the Sabbath, more and more consecrated to
the service of God.
398
St7NDAY SCHOOL ^ihlllg ^ ilUprDDillg SOCIETIES, 1785-43
It is now about seventy years since, we believe in 1781,
when the first Sunday school was collected by Mr. Robert
Raikes, in Gloucester. Nothing can be more simple than
the history of the institution ; it soon commanded universal
approbation and eventually adoption. The seed that was
then sown, like the handful of corn on the top of the moun-
tains, has shaken like Lebanon, and now there is scarcely to
be found a locality unblessed with its Sabbath school ; alike
clustering in the city and isolated in the village,^ they
exist in every Christian country under heaven, and millions
of children and youth are thus brought to the pure fountain
of God's truth and permitted to drink freely of its life
giving waters.^
SOCIETY for the SUPPORT and Emouragement of
SUNDA T SCHOOLS, throughout the British Dominions,
60, Paternoster Row. Instituted 1785. The means em-
ployed are the gratuitous supply of Bibles, Testaments, and
elementary lesson books, to all schools requiring aid. It
does not furnish catechisms of any kind, but supplies such
books as are used by Wesleyans, Presbyterians, Baptists, and
Congregationalists, as well as by schools in connexion with
the Established Church. Number of schools stated to have
been assisted during the year, 118; containing scholars,
9,506. The income appears very limited, under £100 per
annum, and the funded amount not to exceed £500.
The committee meet on the third Wednesday in every
month, to consider applications. Forms of the queries to
be answered by applicants may be had of the assistant
secretary.
President, Marquis Cholmondeley. — Treasurer, D. Borsley,
Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Mr. Joseph Eke ; Mr. W. H. Bruce.
— Collector, Mr. James Brown, Exeter Hall.
^ The present number of Sunday schools throughout England and
Wales, is computed to exceed 20,000 ; and the number of scholars, in
1849, above 2,000,000 ; but no parliamentary returns on the subject have
been made since 1833, when the former was 16,828, and the latter,
1,648,890. Judging from the returns of the Sunday School Union, the
Sunday scholars in the metropolis were as 1 in 19.
^ " The mainstay of religious education is to be found in our Sunday
Schools, — the most earnest, the most devoted, the most pious, of our seve-
ral congregations, are accustomed, with meritorious zeal, to dedicate them-
selves to this great work," — Dr. Hook's Letter to the Bishop of St. David's.
399
SUNDAY SCHOOL jiatlDIial (BtoHtilHI. SOCIETIES.
SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION, 60, Paternoster Row.
Established 1806. It aids iu the formation of Sunday
schools, and encourages the exertions of teachers at home
and abroad ; it consists of the members of the auxiliary
unions in London, and subscribers.
The following are the numbers of schools, teachers, and
scholars, within a circle of five miles from the General Post
Office, as reported last year : Schools 623 ; teachers 12,642;
scholars 123,949. Average attendance 82,675, or rather
more than two-thirds.
Supported by subscribers of 10s. 6d. annually and up-
wards, who are entitled to purchase, at reduced prices, books
to five times the amount of their subscriptions.
The annual income is about £1256, derived, £460 from
voluntary contributions and £781 from net profits on sale
of publications. The annual amount of sales averages
about £9000.
President, Earl of Roden. — Treasurer, W. Brodie Qumey,
Esq. — Secretaries : Messrs. W. H. Watson, Peter Jackson, Robt.
Latter, and W. Groper. — Collector, Mr. C. T. Howshall, 34, Mar-
garet-street.
CHURCH OF ENGLAND SUNDAY SCHOOL IN-
STITUTE, 169, Fleet Street. Established 1843. The
object of this very excellent institution is not only to assist
in the formation of Sunday schools throughout the country,
but also to form a central point of union where the teachers
may gain such information as may enable them faithfully
to discharge the duties they undertake ; there is also a
library for circulation of good works in general literature,
and lectures are given to the members, from time to time,
by clergymen. Conversational meetings are also held on
matters of Sunday school discipline.
Members must be recommended by a clergyman, or a
member of the committee, or the superintendant of a Sun-
day school ; and contribute to the funds either by a donation
of five guineas and upwards, or, if Sunday school teachers,
pay 5s. per annum or Is. 6d. per quarter. Also the teachers
of schools in union with the institution, that contribute one
guinea annually. The present number of schools connected
with it are 57; and of teachers, 1642.
The funds are supported by such subscriptions and dona-
tions to a present extent of .£360 per annum ; the receipts
400 ■
INSTITUTIONS FOR iEiMUg k illl|ltlining YOUNG MEN.
for publications now average between £600 and £700 per
annum ; this can afford no exact estimate, however, of the
society's operations for a future year : as the zeal and devoted
earnestness characterizing its promoters and immediate direc-
tors, promises for it a much larger scope of action and the
exercise of a more powerful influence than its present limited
means would seem to justify. A quarterly publication issued
by this society, termed the Church Sunday School Quarterly
Magazine, is replete with interesting matter connected with
the great cause of Christian education, is conducted upon
excellent principles, and evidences much singleness of pur-
pose aided by talent.
Treasurer, John Labouchere, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Cor-
responding, Mr. J. G. Fleet, 141, Fenchurch-street ; Finance, Mr.
C. H. Charlton, 28, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars ; Minute, Mr.
T. M. Ball, 10, Albion-terrace, Canonbury. — Depositary and
Collector, Mr. Thomas Geo. Broadstock, 169, Fleet-street.
The Church of Etigland Schooli/nasters and Mistresses
Mutual Provident Society partakes of the usual charac-
teristics of a mutual assurance fund. It is not within our
limits to do more than refer to it, as available and apparently
desirable for teachers and assistants. The office is at 10,
Exeter-hall, but detailed information can be obtained at
this institution. Secretary, Mr, S. J. J. Hind.
The chief effects aimed at by the two next institutions,
being the exercise and extension of Christian influence upon
a class, they appear closely associated in object with many
of the foregoing, and therefore comprehended in the present
chapter.
CHURCH OF ENGLANDYOUNG MEN'S SOCIETY
foraiding missions athomeandabroad,10,St.Bride's-passage,
Fleet-street. Established 1844. For promoting a missionary
spirit among young men, by the dissemination of information,
«fec., respecting missions. There are twelve branch associa-
tions in London, and thirteen in the country. Weekly meet-
ings are held for prayer and reading scripture ; also monthly
lectures on missionary topics. Various reading-rooms and
libraries are supported for the use of members, furnished with
good works in biography, history, travels, etc.
The funds, after deducting expenses, are paid in equal
proportions to the Church Pastoral- Aid Society; the Colo-
401
INSTITUTIO>'S FOR ||atillllitl (BiUrHtilltt. young men.
nial Church Society ; the London Society for promoting
Christianity among the Jews ; and the Church Missionary
Society for Africa and the East ; except where donations
or subscriptions are given for either of them in parti-
cular. The whole expenses of the institution are under
;£100 per anniun, and about £400 is contributed by it to
the purposes above mentioned : of course regulated each
year by the amount of income, which depends entirely on
the volutary contributions of its members. Young men under
thirty-five years of age, subscribing one penny per week or
upwards, or collecting to the amount of two pounds per
annum or upwards, are members of the society.
The aggregate increase of members during last year was
700, making a total, at present time, of 2,700; and the num-
ber of the Branch Associations is twenty-eight.
President, Sir R. H. Inglis, Bart., M.P. — Treasurer, Henry
Kingscote, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Mr. Edwin Hough, 5,
Exeter Hall ; and Mr. Charles Reeves, 102, Guildford-street. —
Secretary, Mr. R. Lockhart, Handyside.
YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, 7,
Gresham-street, City. Instituted 1844. Somewhat similar
in its objects to the last institution, as far as it aims at the
moral and intellectual improvement of a class ; but the funds
of this are devoted to the extension and further development
of its own purposes, whilst in the former instance, they are
devoted to the cause of missions. Strictly speaking, this
partakes more of the character and benefits of a Christian
club, and comprehends the following advantages : — a first-
class library and reading-room, with a selection of good
standard works ; meetings for Biblical instruction, and mu-
tual improvement ; evening classes under the superintendence
of efficient masters, for the acquirement of the French, He-
brew, Greek, German, and other languages, English litera-
ture, etc. A room provided with tea, coffee, etc.
Terms for membership, one guinea annually ; or 10s. 6d.
under the age of 18 ; the classes for languages extra. The
income averages from £500 to £600 per annum ; but ^150
of this is derived from sale of tickets and publications. The
expenditure, judging from last year's statement, exceeding
this amount by £30.
The entire management of the institution is in the hands
of the committee ; and the selection of books, etc., regulated
by the examiners. An annual covirse of twelve lectures at
26
402
TODNG men's christian ASSOCIATION.
Exeter-hall, is promoted by the funds of this society, upon
intellectual and Christian subjects ; generally in December
and January, conducted by clergymen and gentlemen of
acknowledged talent and oratory. Admission to these lec-
tures is extra, 2s. 6d. the course, and they obtain a crowded
audience.
Chairman, R. C. L. Bevan, Esq. — Treasurer, George Hitchcock,
Esq — Secretary, Mr. T. Henry Tar Iton.— Examiners of Books:
Hon. and Rev. H. M. Villiers, A.M. ; Rev. John Harris, D.D. ;
Rev. J. Farrar ; Rev. T. Hartwell Home, B.D. ; Rev. J. Howard
Hinton, A.M. — Rev. James Hamilton, D.D.
403
CHAPTER XVII.
BIBLE AND MISSIONARY SOCIETIES.
The Missionary Cause. — Its comparatiTely feebleAgencies. — Total Amount
expended through the Metropolitan Societies. — A General Summary
of their present Resources and Extent. — Bibln Societies : The British
and Foreign. — The Trinitarian. — And Naval and Military. — Mission-
ary Societies of General Operations, arranged according to Date of Or-
ganization : The Gospel. — The Baptist. — The London. — The Church.
— The Wesleyan. — Female Education in the East. — The Scotch
Church. — Continental: The Foreijrn Aid. — Colonial: The Negro Con-
version. — The Mico Fund. — Newfoundland. — The Ladies' Negro So-
ciety. — Colonial Church. — Bishoprics' Fund. — The Colonial, with
other Funds connected with the Baptist and Congregational Unions.
— Mission and School Societies for Ireland and Scotland: London
Hibernian, Ladies'.etc. — Sunday .School. — Religious Tract. — Scripture
Reader. — Irish Society. — Irish Church Missions. — Royal Highland
School. — Scottish Episcopal. — Jewish Missions, S^c. : The London. —
The British. — The Operative Convert. — Moral Improvement and Train-
ingofJews: The Ladies' Society. — The Industrial Society. — TheSyrian
Education, — and German Mission.
According to the arrangement of the last chapter, we have
now to consider all those institutions whose operations extend
more especially or exclusively to foreign lands, our colonial
dependencies, and united kingdoms. When the magnitude
and value of the cause advocated is considered, and the vi-
tality depending upon the promulgation and right reception
of the great truths embodied therein, we instinctively look
with dismay upon the feebleness of the attempt, and the
means devoted to its accomplishment: for, however impos-
ing and gratifying the present machinery of missionary
effort may appear, as, one by one, each compartment is per-
404
GENERAL 5Billlt flllil REMARKS.
sented to view, and even as a whole, when viewed abstract-
edly, — yet, taken in connexion with what is professedly
aimed at — with what the whole is designed to effect — the
merely intelligent will exclaim : Any extent of good is im-
possible. — But the Christian is constrained to add, " with
God all things are possible", and to derive comfort and en-
couragement from the very peculiarity attending the feeble-
ness of the means : for he knows that it is by little and
little the Almighty has declared that He works ; and that,
as certain as His word, ^Hhou mayest not do it at once'''' has
its wisdom, so certain will be the final accomplishment, that
the " earth shall be filled with the knowledge of the Lord as
the waters cover the sea." And it is this conviction that
makes him deem it a privilege to be instrumental, in ever so
slight a degree, in bringing to pass that which needs not his
assistance, except as an evidence of his obedience to Divine
command, and as an earnest of his own faith and love.
It is, then, more on account of the evidence the support
of the cause affords, than for any impediment to the accom-
plishment of the great purpose its contrary can effect, that,
both as a nation and individuals, we have to regret more has
not been attempted during the past, and that the operations
of the present do not excite more general interest, more
devoted zeal, and more liberal support. It has been well
said, and often quoted by the Christian advocate, that " it is
England's privilege to teach other nations the way of life";
but this was never recognized until the eighteenth century ;
and even now, our search over the records of the one hundred
and fifty years of the history of missions, discovers to us that
the whole amounts devoted to the purpose of propagating
in heathen lands the knowledge of the Gospel of Christ may
be thus summed up : —
Total amount of the incomes of three Bihle Societies, £
from 1780 to 1850 .... 3,670,000
9 Missionary Societies, 1701 to 1850 . . 10,876,344
8 Colonial ditto, 1795 to 1850 (exclusive of the opera-
tions comprehended in the preceding Societies) . 395,000
11 Irish and Scotch ditto, 1806 to 1850 . . 296,380
2 Jews ditto, 1808 to 1850 .... 640,147
Total ..... 15,877,871
Present annual aggregate income (1849-50) i£561,552
It comes not within our present purpose to do more than
405
THE B. <fc F. BIBLE 3^130111^1111); ^^IimfeS. SOCIETY, A.D. 1804
record this summary : it may be depended upon, so far as
honest investigation can arrive at the truth ; and we trust it
may be found useful in preventing anything like exultation
for the past ; serve, at the same time, to add a stimulant to
renewed exertions for the future ; and prove a reason for con-
firmed trust that He, who has declared " not by might nor
by power, but by my Spirit", will abundantly bless every
effort made to extend His kingdom ; making it subservient
to His own glory, and the sanctification of those who engage
in it in His name.
The following statement affords a concise summary of the
number and present resources of our missionary societies, as
detailed in this chapter : —
3 Bible societies, with an aggregate income of —
from contributions . . ^54,900
from sales . . . J44,203
from funds, &c. . . J840
Total £99,943
8 general mission societies to foreign parts ;
with a present aggregate income of —
from voluntary sources . ,£376,531
from dividends, rents, <fec. . ^£1 5,486
Total £392,017
8 societies for promoting Christianity in the
colonies ; with an aggregate income of —
from voluntary contributions . £15,810
dividends, &c. . . £6,129
Total .... £21,939
11 for promoting Christianity in Ireland and
Scotland.
with an aggregate income of . . £13,263
arising from voluntary contributions, ex-
cept about £400, sale of publications.
2 for promoting Christianity amongst the Jews.
with an aggregate income of . . £34,390
Besides these, will be found in this chapter, 2
for improvement of Jews ; 1 for Germans ;
1 for Syrians.
BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY, 10,
Earl-street, Blackfriars. Exclusively for the promotion of
the circulation of the Holy Scriptures, without note or com-
ment, both at home and abroad (the authorized version only,
406 _^_
BRITISH & FOREIGN, -JBiIiIB ^IinftKS. A.D. 1804
excluding the Apocrypha). Established 1804, nearly 25
years after the Naval and Military Society ; but we cannot
so far recognize the arrangement of dates, as to place it any-
where but first : it appears to claim this position, as the
most catholic in its operations and supporters of any reli-
gious society. On the twelfth of March, in 1804, wheii the
committee met to complete their final organization, the
appointment of secretary met with much opposition, on the
ground of impolicy in constituting, as was proposed, a Dis-
senting minister (Rev. Joseph Clarke), the manager of an
institution which proposed to unite the whole body of Chris-
tians. " This led at last to an arrangement, the principle of
which was at once so judicious and liberal, that it has con-
stituted one of the chief pillars of the society's stability and
success. Three secretaries were appointed, — a clergyman,
a Dissenting minister, and a foreign secretary, in order that
the foreign churches might be represented. And thus, the
progress of an hour carried the committee on from the hasty
suggestions of a shortsighted attachment, to the wise deter-
mination of a liberal policy."^ At the same time, it would
appear, the future proportion of Churchmen, Dissenters, and
Foreigners in the body of directors was laid down, as ob-
served to the present time ; the business of the society being
conducted by a committee, consisting of thirty-six laymen,
six of whom are foreigners residing in London, fifteen mem-
bers of the Church of England, and fifteen of other denomi-
nations of Christians. Every clergyman and Dissenting
minister, who is a member of the society, is entitled to attend
and vote at all meetings of the committee. The funds of
the society are supported by voluntary contributions, ex-
ceeding £50,000 per annum ; amount of sales, from £40,000
to £45,000 ; and dividends, under £1,000. The income
last year amounted to £91,634.
The centre of this institution is in London ; and its aux-
iliary societies, branch societies and associations, extend
throughout the British dominions in every quarter of the
globe, amounting, in Great Britain, auxiliaries, to 416 ;
branches, 344 ; associations, 2,457 ; total, 3,217. Of these
associations, the far greater part of them are conducted by
ladies. In the colonies and other dependencies, auxiliaries,
68 ; branches, 267 ; associations, 190 ; total, 525. Extensive
* Owen's Histoiy of the Bible Society.
407
THE TRINITARIAN, %Mt §inthim. A.D. 1831
correspondence has been opened with the clergy and laity
of different nations ; and powerful coadjutors are actively
employed in circulating copies of the sacred Scriptures
among men " of every nation under heaven."^ During the
forty-five years that the society has existed, it has circulated
more than twenty-three millions of copies of the Scriptures,
and promoted, directly or indirectly, the distribution, print-
ing, or translation of the sacred volume into one hundred
and forty different languages or dialects, and expended
nearly three millions and a half sterling.
One guinea annual, or ten guineas donation, constitutes a
member ; five guineas annual, or ^50 at one time, constitutes
a governor, entitled to attend and vote at all meetings of the
committee. At the last annual meeting, it was announced
that Prince Albert had become a life; governor. Members
are entitled to purchase Bibles and Testaments at reduced
prices, to five times the amount of their annual subscription.
Auxiliary societies are allowed to purchase Bibles and Tes-
taments at prime cost ; their members having the same
privileges at the local depositories as the members of the
parent society enjoy in London.
All letters on the business of the society, to be addressed
to the oflScers respectively, at the society's house, 10, Earl-
street, Blackfriars, London.
President, Lord Bexley.— Treasurer, John Thornton, Esq. —
Secretaries : Rev. Andrew Brandram, A.M., Rector of Beckenham,
Kent ; Rev. George Browne, Clapham. — Superintendent of the
Editorial Department, Rev. Thomas Meller, A.M., Rector of Wood-
bridge. — Hon. Solicitors, Messrs. Marten, Thomas, and Hollams,
Mincing-lane, London. — Accountant and Assistant Secretary,
Mr. William Hitchin. — Assistant Foreign Secretary, Mr. Henry
Knoleke. — Depository, Mr. Richard Cockle. — Collector, Mr.
William Davies.
THE TRINITARIAN BIBLE SOCIETY, 151, Strand.
Instituted 1831. This institution in its object is identical
with the preceding society, of which, indeed, it is an off-
shoot. It is composed of members of all Protestant denomi-
1 There is a diificulty in ascertaining correctly the grand total, in-
cluding those issued from the Continental and American Societies, com-
plete reports not being given in some few instances ; but, from the list
before us, we may safely put down the number as forty millions of copies
of the entire Bible, or New Testament, or integral portions thereof, in
different languages, to the end of July 1849.
408
NAVAL (fe MILITARY, %Mt ^^UUHn. A.B. 1780
nations, holding the doctrine of the Holy Trinity ; whilst
the other stipulates for no test for membership, but the de-
sire manifested to circulate the Scriptures : this requires so
much, at least, of uniformity of faith in essentials, as is im-
plied by the recognition of the Divinity of the Father, of the
Son, and of the Holy Ghost.
The Bible adopted is the authorized edition, without note,
comment, or Apocrypha ; the number of copies annually cir-
culated averages 5,000 Bibles, 3,000 Testaments, besides
" portions." Also translations in the Spanish, Portuguese,
and Italian languages : of these, the circulation appears to
vary ; in 1847-8 being 2,102, in 1848-9 only 270. The cir-
culation of portions of Scripture in Ireland, consisting of
Matthew, Acts, Romans, and John, has, the last two years,
been extensively promoted, to the number of 55,000 copies.
The mode employed for circulation is by agents, disposing
of them, either by gift or for weekly reduced payments, to
such poor in their districts as require them.
The subscription constituting membership is one guinea
annual, or ten guineas donation. The funds are supported
by voluntary contributions, to an extent of £1,100 per aiv'
num ; and the amount of payments for Bibles, from £400
to £500. The committee meet once in every month, and
oftener, as business may require. Attendance is given at
the depository from ten to five o'clock. The weekly sub-
committee meet every Friday evening at half-past five, ex-
cept the Friday succeeding the meeting of the general com-
mittee, which takes place monthly.
Treasurer, John Labouchere, Esq. — Hon. Clerical Secretary,
Rev. G. Washington Phillips. — Hon. Lay Secretary, J. J. Cum-
mins, Esq. — Secretary, Mr. William Henry Johnson. — Collector,
Mr. R. G. Burrows, 34, Exmouth-street.
]:^AVAL AND MILITARY BIBLE SOCIETY, 32,
Sackville-street. Instituted 1780. For promoting a wide
circulation of the Holy Scriptures, without note or comment,
to sailors and soldiers. The annual average number of Bibles
and Testaments circulated by the society is about 20,000 ;
and a total of 517,691 since the establishment of the soci-
ety. The following analysis of last year's distribution shows
at one view the value of the society's operations, and affords
a true conception of the large classes to be benefited thereby.
To Her Majesty's ships and vessels, Haslar Hospital, &c.,
781 Bibles, 675 Testaments ; soldiers, barracks, guard rooms,
409
PROPAGATION OP IHissinnHtij |>nrrttip3. the gospel, i7oi
hospitals, military schools, &c., 1 ,485 bibles, 56 test. ; troops,
Hon. East India Company, 500 bibles ; royal marines, bar-
racks, (fee, 291 bibles, 60 test. ; pensioners, 79 bibles, 19 test ;
boatmen, bargemen, fishermen, etc. on canals and rivers,
1,747 bibles, l,206test. ; merchant seamen, fishermen, schools,
(fee, in grants, and by sale at reduced prices, 9,657 bibles,
6,619 testaments.
A subscription of one guinea per annum or donation of ten
guineas, constitutes a member ; a subscription of five guineas
per annum, or donation of £50, a governor. All governors
are entitled to attend and vote at the meetings of the com-
mittee. The annual income does not exceed ,£2,000 per an-
num from contributions, and about .£500 from payments for
Bibles, <fec.
President, the Marquis of Cholmondeley. — Treasurer, Mr. T. P.
Piatt. — Sub-Treasurer, Mr. James Nisbet. — Honorary Secretary,
Major P. S. Sotheby. — Travelling Agent, Lieut. G. V. Simmonds,
R.N. — Assist. Secretary, Lieut. W. Skinner. — Distributing Agent,
Mr. John Jeffery. — Collector, Mr. Thomas Pitts.
SOCIETY FOR THE PROPAGATION OF THE
GOSPEL in Foreign Parts. 79, Pall-Mali. Incorporated
1701.1 Por tiie « receiving, managing, and disposing of such
funds as may be contributed for the religious instruction of
her Majesty's subjects beyond the seas ; for the maintenance
of clergymen in the plantations, colonies, and factories of
Great Britain ; and for the propagation of the Gospel in those
parts." The corporation consists of the Bishops of the United
Church of England and Ireland, the members appointed
by charter, and of three hundred other members. Every
incorporated member contributes not less than 2 guineas
annually, or not less than 20 guineas in one sum. AH sub-
scribers of one guinea annually, or 10 guineas in one sum,
and clergymen subscribing half-a-guinea annually, are asso-
ciated members, and from them the incorporated members
are chosen, by ballot.
The total number of missionaries maintained, in whole or
^ Amongst its founders and earliest supporters were Archbishops Teni-
son, Sharp, Wake, Potter; Bishops Compton, Patrick, Burnet, Beveridge;
Dean Prideaux, Robert Nelson, William Melmoth, John Evelyn, etc.
The Rev. John Wesley was originally a missionary of this society, and
in that character proceeded to America in 1735, returning to England,
1738.
410
THE BAPTIST, Bigglniiarq |nmfe. a.d. 1792
in part, by the society, is 355 ; besides 46 in Canada, sup-
ported by the interest of the Clergy reserve fund ; and 17
in Nova Scotia, by a parliamentary grant, limited to the
lives of the present missionaries ; total 413. These are chiefly
engaged in the Canadas, Newfoundland, India, Australia,
New Zealand, etc.
The following summary of the amounts expended last
year in different portions of the world, will best illustrate in
what proportion. In British N. America, £27,464 ; West
Indies, £5,912 ; East Indies, £23,528 ; Australia and New
Zealand, £9,991 ; Cape, Mauritius and Seychelles, £3,929.
The ordinary annual income of the Society from voluntary
sources, (including special funds and legacies), averages
£61,000 ; from rents, annuities, and dividends, £8,825 :
this amount is aided from time to time by the grant of a
" Queen's letter",^ w^hich for this purpose realizes, we believe,
now somewhat under £40,000. The present annual amount
of expenditure averages £79,000.
Upper Canada Committee of the Society for the Propagation
of the Oospel in Foreign Parts. Established ] 837. Formerly
entitled " Upper Canada Clergy Society." Is now compre-
hended in, and its missions supported by, the parent society ;
the Rev. Septimus Ramsay, for some years the secretary in
London of this committee, is now engaged in Upper Canada
as one of the society's missionaries. AU sums destined for
the Upper Canada committee, may be therefore correctly
appropriated to the society.
Treasiu"ers : Rev. John Russell, D.D.; Charles John Manning,
Esq. — Consulting Physician, R. B. Todd, Esq. — Secretary, Rev.
Ernest Hawkins, B.D. — Assistant Secretaries : Rev. Henry John
Vernon, B. A. ; Rev. H. Hyndman Jones, M. A.— -Treasurer's Clerk,
Mr. Edmund Reynolds Fayerman.
THE BAPTIST MISSION SOCIETY, formed in 1792.
Is entitled to be next mentioned, as being the first that
sprang up in London after an interval of nearly a century
from the establishment of the last-named venerable institu-
tion. The present number of stations maintained by it are
232, of which 79 are represented as being in the Island
of Jamaica.2 The number of European missionaries main-
^ Once every third year. Vide note, page 367.
^ By the report of the Baptist Mission, it appears that the stated num-
ber of their members in the island of Jamaica comprehends one ninth of
the whole population. '
411
THE Loyppy %i55innari| Inrirtrrs. a.d.i795
tained by it was 48, and the number of native teachers 120,
and gratuitous agents 180. The income varies from £18,000
to £26,000 per annum ; last year (1849) .£19,736, wholly
dependant on voluntary contributions. The funds are now
represented to be in debt about £6,000.
The management of this society is connected with the Bap-
tist Union hereafter referred to, and all communications are
to be addressed to the house, 33, Moorgate-street.
Treasurers : W. B. Gumey, Esq. ; S. M. Peto, Esq. — Secretary,
Rev. Joseph Angus, A.M.
THE MISSIONARY SOCIETY, umaUy called THE
LONDON Missionary Society. Mission-house, 8, Bloomfield-
street, Finsbury, was established 1795. Upon the fundamental
principle, " not to send any form of Church order and govern-
ment, (about which there may be difference of opinion among
serious persons), but left to persons to assume for themselves
such form of Church government as to them shall appear most
agreeable to the Word of God." The number of European mis-
sionaries maintained by the society isl71 ; and native agents
about 700. The annual expenditure for the purposes of the
society, is between £60,000 and £70,000 ; the income de-
pending on voluntary contributions, except about £700
derived from dividends.
One guinea annually, or 10 guineas donation, constitutes
a member ; also, a collection of £5 by a minister or other
representative of a congregation. The committee meet the
second and fourth monday in every month.
The Boys' and Girls' Mission Schools, established 1838
and 1842, at Walthamstow, are conducted for the children
of missionaries. The former now under the care of Dr. Bell
of Stockwell-green. The terms to the parents are in each
case £\5 per annum, for maintenance. Number of boys, 17;
girls, 31. Annual income of the former establishment £380,
the latter, .£1765.
Tnistees : William Alers Haukey, Esq.; Thomas Challis, Esq.,
Alderman ; Thomas Merriman Coombs, Esq. — Treasurer, Sir Cul-
ling Eardley Eardley, Bart. — Foreign Secretary, Rev. Arthur
Tidman.^ — Home Secretary, Rev. Joseph John Freeman. — Collec-
tor, Mr. John Sard, 58, Westmoreland-place, City-road.
CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY for Africa and
the East. Salisbury -square. Fleet-street, Established 1800.
This society is conducted in conformity with Ecclesiastical
412
THE CHURCH MSgipgHnj; .^Hrife. A.D. 1800
principles as they are recognized in the constitution and prac-
tice of the Church of England, and the missionaries sent out
are all under the superintendence of the Bishop of the diocese
to which they may be sent.i It was established shortly after
the " London Missionary Society", in order to afford an in-
creased missionary spirit, and to develope energies hitherto
lying dormant in the Church of England. The Society for
the Propagation of the Gospel did not, it was considered at the
time, sufficiently partake of and impart a national impetus to
missions ; and the large field open for exertion, and the subse-
quent success attending the operations of this society during
the last fifty years, fully justify the proceedings and anticipa-
tions of its early founders.^ The former society devoted its mis-
sions more exclusively to the British possessions ; this sought
the whole unoccupied sphere of the heathen in Africa and the
East, and proposed the employment of catechists where suffi-
cient clergy could not be obtained. The following is a brief
summary of the missions now supported by the society : —
Missionary stations, 104; European clergymen, 134; native
and East- Indian clergymen, 13; European lay teachers, 27;
native and East-Indian lay teachers, 1321 ; communicants,
13,551.
The Institution atlsUngtonis a recent but important branch
of the society's machinery ; here the students are trained
for future missionaries. The number resident at one time
generally averages 24 ; during the year perhaps 1 2 or more
enter on probation, and about that number leave for their
stations abroad. The annual cost to the society is about
£3,000.
^ The following passage from the thirty-ninth annual report illustrates
the practice of the Society in reference to this rule : " The Bishops of the
Church, under the authority of the law of the land, ordain, and send
forth (ecclesiastically speaking) our missionaries ; these missionaries are
licensed and superintended ahroad, in every case where it is practicahle,
by colonial Bishops of the Church of England, — as are the other clergy-
men of the Church officiating in the same colony. Tlie services which
the missionaries perform are in strict conformity with the ritual and dis-
cipline of the Church."
^ Amongst these may be mentioned the revered names of M''ilberforce,
Scott, Cecil, Newton, Venn, and Pratt. It was chiefly matured at the
meetings of a religious association, termed the " Eclectic Society," assem-
bling then, and at this present time, at the vestry of St. John's chapel,
Bedford-row.
413
THE CHURCH, Blt55mnan{ Inmfe. a.d. isoo
The annual cost of the society's operations averages
£100,000; or somewhat under £1,000 for every station, and
its concomitant benefits of schools, teachers, catechists, etc.,
including therein all contingent expenses, home and foreign,
and funds for both training students, relieving and pension-
ing disabled or superannuated missionaries, etc., foreign
voyages, outfits, etc. The annual income, from all sources,
varies from £98,000 to £110,000; for the year ending March
18oO,.£l04,270; and the previous year, including the amount
raised for the "Jubilee", £155,000: the funded property
reserved, mostly for special purposes and funds, amounts to
J110,270.
Annual subscribers of 1 guinea and upwards, and, if cler-
gymen, half-a-guinea, with collectors of 52s. and upwards
per annum, are members of the society. Benefactors of 10
guineas and upwards, clergymen making congregational
collections to the amount of 20 guineas, and executors pay-
ing to the amount of £50, are members for life. Annual
subscribers of 5 guineas are governors, and benefactors of
£50 and upwards governors for life. Members and governors
of associations who contribute the above sums are considered
as members and governors of the parent society.
All bills and orders for money to be made payable to one
of the secretaries. The office of the society is open daily
(Sundays excepted), from nine in the morning tiU six in the
evening. One of the secretaries attends daily, between the
hours of 1 1 and 4. The committee meet at the society's
house, every second Monday in the month, at eleven o'clock.
The general annual meeting is held on Tuesday, the 30th of
April, or the first Tuesday in May.
Vice-Patron, Archbishop of Canterbury. — President,, the Earl
of Chichester. — Treasurer, John Thornton, Esq. — Principal of the
Institution, Rev. Charles Frederick Childe, M.A. — Secretaries :
Rev. Henry Venn, B.D.; Rev. John Tucker,vB.D. ; Major Hector
Straith. — Acting Secretary, Rev. Joseph Ridgeway, M.A. —Asso-
ciation Secretaries : R«v. Thos. Bartlett, M.A., Kingstone, Can-
terbury ; Rev. R. G. L. Blenkinsopp, M.A., Shadforth, Durham ;
Rev. Henry Carpenter, B.A., Liverpool ; Rev. R. Collins, M.A.,
Kirkburton, Huddersfield ; Rev. George Hodgson, M.A., York ;
Rev. John Johnson, M.A., Congleton, Cheshire ; Rev. George
Pinhom, M.A., Brimfield Court, Ludlow ; Rev. Henry Powell,
Chalford, Stroud ; Rev. J. Ridgeway, M.A., Church Missionary
House ; Rev. Samuel Rowe, Crediton, Devon ; Rev. T. C. B.
Stretch, M.A., Pottersbury, Stony Stratford ; Rev. John Thomas,
414
WESLEYAJf, 1816. BiSSinnari^ ^nriffe. Moravian, 1817
Pembroke ; Rev. Carr J. Glyn, M.A. (Hon. Sec), Witchampton,
near Wimborne ; Rev. C. W. Bingham, M.A. (Hon. Sec), Mel-
combe Horsey, near Dorchester ; and George C. Greenway, E.sq.,
Church Missionary House. — Collector, Mr. John Bumingham, 13,
Liverpool-street, King's Cross.
WESLEY AN METHODIST MISSIONARY Society,
Centenary-hall, Bishopsgate-street Within, was established
1816.^ To combine on a plan at once systematic and eflBcient,
the exertions of the societies and congregations of the Wes-
leyan Methodists, in the support and enlargement of the
foreign missions first established by the Rev. John Wesley,
M.A., and the Rev. Thomas Coke, LL.D., and others ; and
which are now from year to year carried on underthe sanction
and direction of the Conference " of the people called Me-
thodists."
General summary of all the Wesleyan missions : Central
stations, called circuits, 290; chapels and other preaching
places, as far as ascertained, 2,302 ; missionaries and assist-
ants, 393 ; other paid agents, as catechists, interpreters, day-
school teachers, etc., 743 ; unpaid agents, as sabbath-school
teachers, etc , 7,298 ; full and accredited members, 100,231;
on trial, as far as ascertained, 5,066 ; scholars, deducting for
those who attend both the day and Sabbath schools, 74,318;
printing establishments, 8.
The total income from all sources, including ordinary re-
ceipts at the mission-houseand district associations,£75,167;
foreign auxiliaries, £11,836 ; Colonial grants, .£5,907; le-
gacies, £6,065 ; also annuities, dividends, and special funds
realizing in the total, £111,685. Persons subscribing an-
nually one guinea and upwards, or at one time ten pounds
and upwards, are deemed members of the society.
Treasurers : Thomas Farmer, Esq. ; Rev. John Scott. — Secre-
taries : Rev. Dr. Bunting ; Rev. Dr. Beecham ; Rev. Dr. Alder ;
Rev. Elijah Hoole.- — Bankers, Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Co. —
Treasurer of the Auxiliary Society for the London District, John
Josiah Buttress, Esq., 29, Spital-square.
THE MORA VIAN MISSIONS LONDON ASSOCIA-
TION, 28, Charles-street, Parliament-street. Established
1817. Known as the London association in aid of the mis-
sions of the united brethren, commonly called " Moravians."
The Moravian missions among the heathen, designated as "the
^ Virtually, however, the missions commenced as early as 1786.
^ The Church, uuder its present name, was formed, about sixty years
415
FEMAIE EDUC. ttsillliani |>Iiriptif5, INEAST,A.D.1834
societyfor the furtherance of the Gospel amongst the heathen",
have attracted much attention, both as models of what such
establishments should be, and as presenting details of noble
and painstaking perseverance in the cause they advocate ;
the chief field of their labour comprises Greenland and Lab-
rador, the VV'est Indies and Danish Islands, etc. Their exer-
tions have been blessed with much success, and at the present
time their operations are carried on by 265 missionaries, at
60 stations. The " London Association" in aid of these
missions, is composed of those not in Church fellowship with
the Brethren, and has existed for upwards of thirty years,
contributing towards the cause about £4,000 annually.
The income last year amounted to .£5,827 ; but this included
^1,050 for special funds, the whole is derived from voluntary
contributions.
President, John Willing Warren, Esq. — Treasurer, William
Leach, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev. John Harding, M.A. ;
Rev. James Stratten. — Corresponding Secretary, Mr. Robt. Webb.
— Collector, Mr. Robert Watkins, jun.
SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING FEMALE EDUCA-
TION in the East. 32, Cheapside. Established 1834. For
the establishment and superintendence of schools in the East.
The selection and preparation in this country of pious and
well-educated persons to go out as mistresses, and the train-
ing of subordinate native teachers, its special care and
sympathy being the female population. About X1500 a
year is thus devoted through the instrumentality of the so-
ciety ; besides the sums realized totally by contributions of
ladies work, disposed of last year for as much as ,£702.
The applications for assistance and extended operations,
however, far exceed the means at hand, and the conunittee
represent that a large increase of usefulness could soon be
effected by them, if their receipts were but increased.
President, the Duchess of Beaufort. — Treasurer, John Labou-
chere, Esq., 20, Birchin-lane. — Sub-Treasurer, Mrs. Bonar. — Hon.
before the Reformation, out of the wreck of the Bohemian Church which
had escaped into Moravia after the martyrdom of John Huss. There,
previously to the time of Luther, they employed the newly-invented art
of printing in disseminating three editions of the Word of God in the
vernacular tongue. The missions were first commenced by the brethren
to the West Indies, 1732; Greenland in 1733; North America, 1734 ;
South Africa. 1736 ; Labrador, 1770.
416
VARIOUS LONDON 3Hi55imian| ^Cmtigg. AUXILIAKIES.
Secretaries: Miss Adam; Miss Bridges. — Assistant-Secretary,
Miss Webb, 15, Shaftesbury-crescent, Pimlico, London.
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND'S MISSIONS. The Lon-
don auxiliary of these missions, instituted 1830, contributes
an amount of about £2,300 per annum; the operations of the
parent society consist in Home, Colonial, Indian, and Chinese
missions. The schools supported in Scotland educate about
15,000 children, at an expense of between £6,000 and £7,000
per annum ; the amount spent in home missions, £3,527 ;
and amongst the Jews, .£2,000 : the gross income realizing
last year £25,620.
President, Duke of Argyll. — Hon. Secretaries in London : Rev.
John Gumming, D.D. ; Rev. A. P. Black, A.M.
THE HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Free
Church of Scotland, appear to have no organized auxiliary
in London, although considerable assistance is afforded by
individuals, and a public meeting is occasionally held in
London in aid of its funds. The oflSce in Edinburgh is at 38,
York-place. Secretary of the board. Rev. John Jaffray.
FOREIGN-AID SOCIETY. For promoting the objects
of the European " Societes evangel iques." 10, Exeter-hall.
Established 1841. By collecting funds in aid of the Societes
Evangeliques of France and Geneva, and other institutions
formed on similar principles, within the limits of the French
Protestant churches ; and likewise to promote the religious
principles of the Reformation beyond those limits on the
continent and islands of Europe. The annual income varies
from £2,000 to £3,000, depending entirely on voluntary con-
tributions; last year £2,612: and the expenditure £2,251.
One guinea annual, or ten pounds at one time, constitutes
a member.
President, Marquis Cholmondeley. — Treasurer, Sir W. Far-
quhar, Bart.— Hon. Secretary, Rev. Richard Burgess. — Secretary;
Major S. Thorpe. — Collector, Mr. R. G. Burrows, 34, Exmouth-
street.
SOCIETY for advancing the CHRISTIAN FAITH in
the British West Indian Islands, etc. Bounty-office, Dean's-
yard. Incorporated 1795 and 1836.'' Commonly known as
^ The original " Continental " and " European" missionary societies have
merged into this.
^ The original plan was matured in 1793, under the direction of Bishop
Porteus, for the " conversion, iustructioo, and education of the negro
417
CHURCH OF 3Hi55mrq InrittitS. England , a.d. 1823
" the society for the conversion of negroes", for which pur-
pose clergymen were employed to act as assistants to the
parochial clergy there. We have been unable to obtain any
report of the state of the funds, or plan and extent of opera-
tions, but believe the former are derived chiefly from rents of
estates, vested in the corporation of London, under decree of
the court of Chancery, upon the will of the Honourable
Robert Boyle.
President, Lord Bishop of London. — Treasurer, Christopher
Hodgson, Esq.,Dean's-yard, Westminster. — Secretary, Rev. Jona-
than Tyers Barrett, D.D., Bounty Office. — Collector, Mr. John
Holford, Great Dean's-yard, Westminster.
THE MICO FUND, for the Education of the Negro and
Coloured Population of the West Indies. Arises out of an old
bequest, of considerable extent, left by Lady Mico, in trust
of the Ironmongers' Company, for the redemption of slaves.
In default of objects more in accordance with the founder's
purpose, the income derived from this property had for some
years merged into the general charity fund of the com-
pany ; until, by a Chancery scheme, bearing date 1835, trus-
tees were appointed, for the purpose of devoting the funds
to the support of schools, chiefly normal, for the education
of native teachers ; also juvenile, infant, and Sabbath schools,
conducted upon the British system. For some years after
the abolition of slavery, a government grant of about .£20,000
a-year, was annexed to the funds at the disposal of the trus-
tees ; but since the discontinuance of this, they have only
the original amount, realizing now about £4,000 annually.
The fund, being considered of a private character, has no
printed report. Amongst the original trustees were — The
Eight Hon. Stephen Lushington, D.C.L., T. G. Hoare, Esq.,
J. E. D. Bethune, Esq., James Gibson, Esq., Sir T. F, Bux-
ton, Bart., (fee. The present Secretary is Robert Stokes,
Esq., 20, Buckingham-street, Strand. — (See African Civili-
zation Society.)
CHURCH OF ENGLAND SCHOOL SOCIETY for
Newfoundland and the Colonies, 14, Chatham-place, Black-
slaves in the British West Indies;" the Bishop indulging a hope, "that
the same beneficent spirit of the Gospel, which, by degrees, extin-
guished pagan slavery, will also gradually, and without injury to any
one, relieve mankind from the pressure of this personal and perpetual
slavery."
27
418
COLONIAL CHURCH, IHtSginMrq InrftfeS. A.D. 1836
friars. Established 1823, The schools under the superinten-
dence of this society are in all cases managed by teachers,
who are members of the Established Church, and conducted
as nearly as possible on Dr. Bell's system. Thirty schools
are supported by the society in various districts of Canada,
and thirty-six in Newfoundland : the aggregate number of
scholars attending which are between 4,000 and 5,000.
The funds are represented as very inefficient for the extent
of the requisite operations, and two of their most valuable
schools have lately been closed in consequence. During the
year 1849, the receipts only amounted to about £1,600, de-
rived wholly from voluntary resources ; and the cash state-
ment presented the necessity of having effected a loan of
£200, in order to cover the expenditure.
One guinea annually, or 5 guineas at one time, constitutes
a member.
President, Right Hon. Lord Bexley. — Treasurer, John Deacon,
Esq. — Secretary, Rev. Henry Deck, M.A. — Assistant Secretary
and Collector, Mr. George Eagleton.
LADIES' SOCIETY^ for promoting the early education
and improvement of the children of negroes and people of
colour in the British West Indies. 12, Charter -house-square.
Established 1825. The special and immediate object of its
founders was to fit the population for the coming boon of
emancipation, by establishing and assisting schools in the
West Indies, for the instruction of the children of the black
population. Until within the past two years, a gradually
decreasing allowance was annually made to the society by
government ; this has now ceased, likewise the local island
contributions much reduced ; consequently from these two
causes, the society's usefulness is greatly contracted by
want of funds ; at the present time, however, as many as
140 schools are aided by it, to an extent varying from £5
to £30 each. The whole amount of income is under £1,000
per annum, and depends entirely on voluntary contributions.
Treasurers : the Hon. Miss Calthorpe, GrosVenor-square ; Mrs.
Hoare, Hampstead— Hon. Secretaries : Miss Fuller Maitland,
Park-place, Henley ; Mrs. Henry Smith, Morden College, Black-
heath. — Secretaries : Mrs. and Miss A. Lloyd, 12, Charterhouse-
square.- — Bankers, Sir C. Scott, Bart., and Co., — Collector, Mr.
Vaughan, Sloane-square, Chelsea.
COLONIAL CHURCH SOCIETY, 4, Sergeant's-inn,
Fleet-street. Instituted 1836. For sending out clergymen.
419
COLONIAL BISHOP, l^lissfpngrii; jnmtirs. fund , a.d. i84i
catechists, and schoolmasters to the colonies of Great Britain,
and to British residents in other parts of the world. The
society is managed by members of the Church of England.
The support afforded to its funds appears very short of
what the importance of the cause requires, and the peculiar
claims which her Colonies have to missionary assistance on
the part of a Christian nation. The annual income is under
.£4,000 ; last year only £3805 ; consequently its stations are
at present but few, and power of usefulness limited, although
embracing the large territories of eleven distinct colonies
and one station in France. They have a total of forty-
three persons only, engaged in carrying on the work as mis-
sionaries, catechists, and schoolmasters and mistresses.
One guinea and upwards annually, or, if clergymen, half-
a-guinea, collectors of £2. 12s. and upwards, and donors of
10 guineas and upwards, are members of the society.
President, the Earl of Gainsborough. — Treasurer, R. C. L.
Bevan, Esq. — Clerical Secretary, Rev. W. Chave. — ^Assistant
Secretary, Mr. Edwin Hough.
West London Ladies' Association : President, the Right Hon.
the Countess of Gainsborough. — Treasurer, Hon. Jlrs. Arthur
Kinnaird. — Secretaries : Lady Louisa Boyle, 69, Cambridge-ter-
race ; Mrs. Chave, 9, Porteus-terrace, Paddington.
North London Ladies' Association : President, Lady Ashley. —
Treasurer, Mrs. Wood. — Secretary, Miss Minot, 11, North-cres-
cent, Bedford-square.
COLONIAL BISHOPRICS FUND, otherwise, Council
for Colonial Bishoprics. Office, 79, Pall Mall. Was formed
at a meeting of the archbishops and bishops at Lambeth
Palace, Whit-Tuesday, 1841, when a declaration was drawn
up setting forth the great need of the immediate erection of
thirteen new bishoprics : of the thirteen provinces then stated,
ten have since been formed into dioceses, and one besides, not
then contemplated. Of the bishops consequently thus or-
dained, the first was Bishop Selwyn, 1841, (New Zealand) ;
the last, Bishop Smith, 1849, (Hong Kong). For the endow-
ment of the latter, one-half the amount was contributed from
one quarter, under the designation of a " brother and sister."
It may not be uninteresting to observe the effects of these
new bishoprics in extending the number of the clergy in
each respectively.
420
THE BAPTIST IHissiniiiinj; ^nmtits. union, a.d. 1812
Bishoprics founded.
No of Clergy
when the See
was founded.
No. of Clergy
hy the last
reports.
1841.1 New Zealand
1842. Tasmania (Van Diemen's Land)
1842. Gibraltar (Mediterranean)
1845. Fredericton (New Brunswick)
1847. Melbourne (Port Philip)
1847. Adelaide (South and West Australia)
1847. Newcastle (New South Wales, North)
1847. Cape Town (Cape of Good Hope)
1849. Victoria (Hong Kong)
9
19
30
30
3
4
17
13
10
135
25
63
32
45
15
15
27
34
13
259
Since the formation of the fund, upwards of £50,000 has
been collected for special application to stated bishoprics,
and £70,000 to the general fund ; -which, with dividends,
amount in total to above £140,000 ; the present amount of
stock invested is upwards of £100,000, to meet the annual
payment to the various dioceses.
President of the Fund, Archbishop of Canterbury. — Honorary
Secretary, Rev. Ernest Hawkins.
THE BAPTIST UNION, 33 Moorgate-street. Esta-
blished 1812. For the purpose of promoting unity of feeling
and concentration of action amongst the ministers and
churches of the Baptist denomination ; obtain accurate sta-
tistical information relative to their societies, institutions,
colleges, &c., throughout the world ; and address to the
united congregations an annual publication, termed " The
Baptist ManuaV, reporting the proceedings of the Union,
and the state of the denomination . The number of Baptist
chapels in the United Kingdom is reported as 1,911. The
minister of every chapel connected with the Union is an ex
officio member, besides two others appointed on its behalf.
Treasurer, George Low, Esq., 39, Finsbury-circus. — Secretaries :
Rev. Edward Steane, Camberwell ; Rev. John Howard Hinton,
M.A., 59, Bartholomew-close.
1 The dioceses of Toronto (Upper Canada) and Newfoundland were
founded in the year 1839, — two years before the creation of the " Colonial
Bishoprics Fund"; and in both these dioceses a similar result in the in-
crease of the number of the clergy has followed. Thus there were, — in
1839, in Toronto, 71 ; Newfoundland, 10 : in 1850, Toronto, 138; New-
foundland, 42.
421
CONGREGATIONAL 3Si5Hiniian]; ilimtlBS. union, A.D. 1830
The following are the principal London institutions con-
nected with the Baptist denomination, with their respective
incomes : —
Baptist Mission. Formed 1792. Income £19,736. Trea-
surers, W. B. Gumey, Esq., S. M. Peto, Esq. — Secretary,
Rev. Joseph Angus. Vide page 410.
Baptist Home Mission. Formed 1797. Income ^4621, Se-
cretary, Rev. S. J. Davis.
Baptist Irish Society. Formed 1814. Income £2546. Secre-
tary, Rev. F. Trestrail.
General Baptist Mission. Formed 1816. Income £2689.
Secretary, Rev. J. G. Pike.
Bible Translation Soc. Formed 1840. Income £1774.
Particular Baptist Fund. Formed 1717. For education
of ministers, assistance of poor churches, &c. Income
£2,604. Secretary, Mr. Bailey.
Bath Society. Formed 1816. For support of superannu-
ated ministers. Income £352.
Baptist Building Fund. Formed 1824. For erection of
chapels. Income £528. Secretary, Mr. John Eastley.
CONGREGATIONAL UNION, 4, Bloomfi eld-street.
Established 1830. Chiefly for promoting efficiency and uni-
formity of operations amongst the Congregational denomi-
nation, by the publication of appropriate tracts and books ,
meetings of the representatives ; efforts to promote missions ;
&c. Meetings of the committee are held on the first Tues-
day in every month, at twelve. The annual expenses are
about £350, derived from the contributions of its members.
The Congregational Year Book is an authorized organ of
the Union, and affords full information on all points con-
nected with it and its societies.
The Congregational Fund Board should have obtained
insertion in chapter xiii, being chiefly for the purpose of
assisting ministers. It was formed so long back as 1695,
and is an association of nine churches in the metropolis,
usually making a collection in aid of the fund.
Treasurer, Benjamin Hanbury, Esq. — Secretaries : Rev. Alger-
non Wells, and Rev. W. Stem Palmer.
Connected with the Union are the following societies,
amongst which its funds are divided, all comprehended
under the designation of
422
IBI3H Hissiflnarij: .^nrirtiM. education
The British Missions. Established 1847. Are conducted by
one board of directors ; but each continuing its original in-
dependence, and having their own officers.
I. Home Missionary Society. Established 1819 ; with the
design of " the evangelization of the unenlightened inhabi-
tants of the towns and villages of Great Britain, by the
preaching of the Gospel, the distribution of religious tracts,
and the establishment of prayer meetings and Sunday
schools, with every other scriptural method for the accom-
plishment of this important object." The society, in fur-
therance of its object, cooperates with county associations,
and extends assistance to country ministers, whose labours
are impeded by want of pecuniary resources. Income £6,445.
This institution, but for its connexion with the others,
would have appeared with those of kindred objects in the
last chapter.
Treasurer, Thomas Thompson, Esq. — Secretary, Rev. J. W.
Massie, D.D. — Collector, Mr. Pitts, 8, Melina- place.
II. The Irish Evangelical Society. Established 1814. To
promote the preaching of the Gospel in Ireland, by assisting
pastors of congregational churches, by supporting mission-
aries, itinerant preachers, and Scripture-readers of the same
denomination : and to aid in the education of approved can-
didates for that ministry, intending to labour in the country.
Income, £3,701.
Treasurer, Thomas Merriman Coombs, Esq. — Secretary, Rev.
Thomas James.
III. Colonial Missionary Society. Instituted 1836. To
promote evangelical religion among British or other Euro-
pean settlers, and their descendants, in the colonies of Great
Britain, in accordance with the doctrine and discipline of
Independent or Congregational churches. Income, £2,950.
Treasurer, J. R. MiUs, Esq. — Secretary, Rev. Algernon Wells.
LONDON HIBERNIAN SOCIETY, in aid of the
Church Education Society for Ireland, 29, Southampton-
street, Strand. Instituted 1806. The operations of this so-
ciety are merely those of an association confined to raising
funds to be employed by the committee in Dublin, for the
support of the old Hibernian schools, and the purpose of
scriptural education generally. The objects of the parent
society are " to assist schools at present existing in the
country, and to establish new schools on an improved system,
423
SOCIETIES, 3?Ii.55innari{ Inrittie. a.d. 18O6-22
for the purpose of aiFording to the children of the Church,
instruction in the Holy Scriptures, and in the catechism and
other formularies of the Church, under the direction of the
bishops and parochial clergy, and under the tuition of
teachers who are members of the United Church of England
and Ireland."
The sum raised in England averages about ^3,000 annu-
ally for this purpose ; and the total amount received in
Dublin by the parent society, embracing all sources, is an-
nually about £37,500, which is expended in maintaining
the following operations : and when it is considered that
the whole of the education imparted is based upon Scripture,
there is great reason to urge for continued and increasing
support of the society's operations.
The total number of schools in connexion is now 1,870,
and scholars on the rolls, 120,202 ; showing an increase of
two schools and 3,234 scholars, as compared with 1847, and
giving an average attendance of 73,372. The schools are open
to all, and are attended by Roman Catholics, and Protestant
Dissenters. The lists made up shew the following numbers :
children of the Established Church amounted to 58,533 ;
children of Protestant Dissenters, to 15,562; and children of
Roman Catholics, to 37,857 ; total, 111, 952. — And that the
increase of numbers during the past year, has occurred in
the following proportions : — children of the Established
Church, 489 ; children of Protestant Dissenters, 1,016 ; of
Roman Catholics, 1,729 ; total, 3,234.
One guinea annual, or 10s. 6d. from a clergyman, or ten
guineas donation, constitutes a member of the London society.
President, Marquis of Cholmondeley. — Treasurer, John Dea-
con, Esq., 20, Birchin-lane. — Honorary Solicitor, G. F. Abraham,
Esq., 6, Great Marlborough-street. — Secretary, Rev. H. Hughes,
M.A. — Assistant Secretary and Accountant, Mr. James Brown.
— Collector, Mr. R. G. Burrows, 34, Exmouth-street, Spa-fields.
LADIES' HIBERNIAN FEMALE SCHOOL SOCI-
ETY. London association, 15, Shaftesbury-crescent. Insti-
tuted 1822. For providing the female population of Ireland
with religious instruction, by means of girls' schools ; the
present number of which is 197, containing 12,738 scholars.
The usual annual income is about ^2,000, derived from
voluntary contributions.
A special fund, raised during the time of the scarcity, was
the means of support to 11,000 children.
424
IRISH 3Ii55innari]: ^grtptiBS. educatiox
President, Duchess of Beaufort. — Treasurer, Hon. Miss Walde-
grave. — Collector, Mr. Ashley, 9, Exeter-street, Sloane-street. —
Secretary and Sub-Treasurer, Mrs. R. Webb, 15, Shaftesbury-
crescent, Pimlico ; to whom all letters should be addressed. —
Assistant Secretary, Miss A. E. Webb. — Secretary in Dublin, C.
French, Esq., 2, Foster-place.
SUNDAY SCHOOL SOCIETY FOR IRELAND.
OflSce, 32, Sackville-street. Established 1 809. To promote
the establishment and facilitate the conducting of Sunday
schools in Ireland, by disseminating the most approved plans
for the management of such schools, and supplying them
with spelling books, and copies of the Sacred Scriptures,
or extracts, without note or comment, either gratuitously or
at reduced prices. The present number of Sunday schools
in connexion with the society is 2,936,^ containing 224,171
scholars, nearly one-half of whom derive no other instruction,
on account of their poverty, or other causes. The number
of gratuitous teachers, 20,000. The number of bibles, por-
tions of scripture, and other books, issued since 1809, has been
2,297,564. One guinea annually constitutes a member.
President, Earl of Roden. — Treasurers, Messrs. La Touche
and Co., Dublin. — Honorary Secretary, James Irvine, Esq. —
Travelling Agent, Mr. George O'Neille. — Agent in London, Mr.
John Johnston, 32, Sackville-street, Piccadilly.
TEE RELIGIOUS TRACT and BOOK SOCIETY
for Ireland, 32, Sackville-street. Established 1814. The
object of this society is to compose, compile, and review
religious tracts and books, to purchase copyrights, and to
promote generally throughout Ireland the circulation of
such as are approved. The works published by the society
are mostly directed against the errors of Romanism, and are
written for the special adaptation of the Irish people. The
total number stated to be issued since the society's commence-
ment is, tracts 8,000,000, and books nearly 3,000,000. A
considerable number of lending libraries are also maintained.
The society's funds are supported, half by contributions, and
half by payments for publications, amounting last year, in
total, to only £777.
One pound annually, or £10 at one time, from members
^ This Society, at its first formation, was entitled " The Hibernian
Sunday School Society." The progress of the Sunday school system in
Ireland may be inferred from the fact, that, at its establishment in 1809
only about eighty were known to exist throughout the country.
425
SOCIETIES, %i55icnan^ ^nmtig0. a.d. 1814-46
of the Established Church, constitute members of the society,
or half that amount from a clergyman.
President, Viscount Lorton. — Treasurers : Messrs. La Touche
and Co., Dublin; Messrs. Puget, Bainbridges, and Co., London.
— Honorary Secretary, P. J. Majoribanks, Esq. — Collector in
London, Mr. R. G. Burrows. — Agent in London, Mr. Orton.
SCRIPTURE READERS SOCIETY for IRELAND,
32, Sackville-street. Instituted 1822. For affording assist-
ance to the parochial clergy in Ireland, in instructing Roman
Catholics and others. This society at present employs
eighty-three readers, stationed in the several provinces and
counties of Ireland, who make themselves useful in reading
the Scriptures amongst the poor from house to house ; and
being of the same grade, they are willingly admitted where
Protestant clergymen cannot gain access.
Honorary Secretary, Baron Lefroy. — Assistant Secretary, Mr.
Falconer Miles, 27, Lower Pembroke-street.
IRISH SOCIETY OF LONDON, 32, Sackville-street.
Instituted 1822. For promoting the education and religious
instruction of the native Irish, through the medium of their
vernacular language, as well as affording them an accurate
knowledge of the English : and for this end, are distributed
among them, the Irish version of the Scriptures, by Arch-
bishop Daniell and Bishop Bedell, the Irish Prayer-book,
where acceptable, and such other works as may be necessary
for school books.
The funds are supported to an amount of between £7,000
and £8,000 annually, derived from voluntary contributions ;
and the present operations of the society embrace eight mis-
sionary stations, in charge of five Irish- speaking clergymen,
two itineratingmissionaries,and two candidates for ordination.
One hundred and eight Irish readers, and eight hundred and
twenty-three teachers, under the care of fifty gratuitous su-
perintendents, are employed in instructing 33,000 pupils,
old and young, who are examined every fourth month, by
thirty-three inspectors, each in his own district.
Two guineas annually, or twenty guineas or upwards at
one payment, constitutes a governor, entitled to attend and
vote on committees, if a member of the Established Church
of England and Ireland. One guinea annually, or ten gui-
neas at one time, constitutes a member for life.
President, Marquis of Blandford. — Treasurer, Captain the Hon.
Francis Maude, R.N. — Hon. Secretaries : Rev. Henry Hamilton
426 ^
ROYAL HIGHLAND, 3111351^1311} ^011^1115. SCHOOL, A.D.I 709
Beamish, A.M.; Tliomas Cook, Esq., R.N. — Secretary, Rev. John
Edward White, M.A. — Collector, Mr. William Stone.
THE SOCIETY for IRISH CHURCH MISSIONS to
the Roman Catholics, 14, Exeter Hall. Originated as " The
Special Fund" of 1846. Formed during the collecting of the
large sums for Irish distress, to meet the spiritual wants
of the land, by aiding in their then exigencies the societies
just detailed. To the close of 1847, £6,260 was distributed
amongst them. In 1848, the committee were induced to
extend the operations of this fund, by employing curates to
labour among the Roman Catholics ; and in order to avoid
any interference with the Irish Society, an arrangement
was made with the committee of the latter, to continue its
labours exclusively to the Irish-speaking population ; the
chief attention of the Irish Church Mission being directed
to the English-speaking population, except in the missions
to Galway, and in such districts as may not be occupied by
the Irish Society.
The society has at present fifteen clergymen, nine ordained
specially for the mission, and one a reformed priest. The
other agents consist of a corresponding missionary agent, four
lay agents, forty-three readers or assistants, twenty-four
schoolmasters, ten schoolmistresses, in all ninety-five persons.
The operations of the mission in the various localities are
conducted with the concurrence of the bishop, and generally
in combination with the parochial clergy. The funds are
supported by voluntary contributions to an extent of nearly
£5,000 per annum, and the continuance or increase of this
wUl, of course, regulate the future proceedings of the society.
President, Duke of Manchester. — Hon. Secretaries : Rev. Alex.
R. C. Dallas, Wonston Rectory, Andover-road ; Rev. Robt. Bick-
ersteth, Clapham-rise. — Clerical Secretary, Rev. Wm. Wilkinson.
— Assistant Secretary, John Knott, J^sq., 14, Exeter-hall. — Trea-
surer, John Dean Paul, Esq., Messrs. Strahan, Paul, and Co.,
Strand.
ROYAL HIGHLAND SCHOOL SOCIETY, Edin-
burgh. Incorporated 1709 and 1738. London corresponding
board, established 1773. This association is for the purpose
of collecting subscriptions and otherwise aiding the society
in Scotland for propagating Christian knowledge in the High-
lands and islands, which was originally founded in the year
1701, " for the reformation of manners" in Edinburgh. And
427
LONDON SO CIETY, 3^15510113^ |nril?tir5. jews, a.d. 1808
on the 27th of May, 1709, it received a patent of incorpora-
tion from Queen Anne, under the title of the Society in
Scotland for propagating Christian knowledge. The last re-
turn of scholars on the first and second patents, shews that
including the children taught by the various missionaries,
catechists, etc., the present number is beyond 20,000. 138
schools on the first patent, giving instruction only ; 43
superannuated teachers on ditto ; 40 missionaries and cate-
chists ; 104 schools on the second patent, including both
instruction and manual occupations ; 18 superannuated teach-
ers on ditto. The sum total of annual expenditure, including
the charges for school-books, Gaelic printing, usually exceeds
.£5,000. The amount raised by this London board in volun-
tary contributions is under £300 annually.
President, Duke of Cambridge. — Treasurer, B. B. Cabbell, Esq.,
M.P. — Bankers, Messrs. Hoare, 37, Fleet-street. — Secretary, Chiis.
Mackie, Esq., 72, Farringdon-street.
LONDON A UXlLlARYof the SCOTTISH EPISCO-
PAL Church Society, 79, Pall-mall. Instituted 1838. For
providing Episcopal schoolmasters, books, and tracts for the
poor ; and to assist in the formation or enlargement of dio-
cesan libraries ; providing for aged or infirm clergymen,
salaries for their assistants, and general aid for congregations
struggling with pecuniary difficulties ; and to assist candidates
for the ministry, in completing their theological studies.
All applications for assistance must be certified by the bishop
of the diocese, or the committee appointed by him, that exer-
tions reasonably to be expected have in each particular case
been made by the congregation to provide their pastor with
a suitable income.
Every Episcopalian subscribing IDs. annually, or £5 or
upwards at one time to this society, or the Episcopal Fund,
is a constituent member of the society. The London com-
mittee meet on the last Tuesday in January, April, July,
and October. The last cash statement presents an income of
about £2250 from contributions, and £500 from dividends,
the funded property being about £12,000.
Secretaries for London Board : Rev. Thos. Bowdler, 79, Ches-
ter-square, Pimlico ; A. J. C. Lawrie, Esq., Westwood House,
Sydenham, Kent.
LONDON SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRIS-
TIANITY amongst the Jews, 3 Chatham-place, Blackfriars,
was founded 1808, and has for its object the spiritual wel-
428
BRITISH SOCIETY. 3Hi55iiniHn]; .^nrirfe. jews', a.d. i84i
fare of the Jews. Public worship, and the education of the
children under the care of the society, within the United
Kingdom, are conducted in strict conformity with the prin-
ciples and formularies of the Established Church.
The Hebrew College lately founded by this society —
principal. Dr. McCaul, — trains young Jewish converts for the
ministry, devoting themselves to the missionary work abroad
after a probationary trial on the same work at home. There
is a total of 76 agents employed by the society, 17 in Great
Britain, and the remainder in other parts of the world — 38
of these are believing Jews.
The committee meet at the society's office, at 12 o'clock
at noon, on Wednesday. The report for the year ending
March 1850 presents a very encouraging statement of the
funds, the receipts being £28,283; the items of this will serve
to develope the present operations : — for general purposes,
such as foreign mission-schools, home missions, etc.,£25,758,
raised chiefly by auxiliaries, congregational, and anniversary
collections ; besides which, contributed for special purposes
of Hebrew Bible Fund, £387 ; Hebrew schools, £119; Jeru-
salem mission, Hebrew church at Jerusalem, £74 ; Hospital
for sick Jews at Jerusalem, £219 ; House of Industry at
Jerusalem, £41 ; for the purchase of house for ditto, £700 ;
Convert relief fund, £177 ; Widows' and Missionaries' fund,
£130, etc.
Annual subscribers of one guinea, and upwards (or if
clergymen, half-a-guinea), donors of ten guineas and up-
wards, and every person collecting to the amount of 52s. per
annum, and upwards, or clergymen making congregational
collections of £20 at one time, are members of the society.
Patron, Archbishop of Canterbury. — President, Lord Ashley. —
Treasurer, John Labouchere, Esq. — Home Secretary, Captain
W. H. L. Layard. — Foreign Secretary, Rev. William Ayerst, A.M.
— Collector, Mr. R. G. Burrows, 34, Exmouth-street, Spa-fields.
BRITISH SOCIETY FOR THE PROPAGATION
OF THE GOSPEL among the Jews, 1, Crescent-place,
Blackfriars. Established 1841. The objects of this are
much the same as those of the preceding society, but its
directors comprehend Christians of all sects ; whilst the
former, in spirit and direction, is exclusively Church of
England. A Jewish Mission College is supported by the
society, at 48, Stamford-street, Blackfriars, where there are
at present eight students training.
429
ladies'. IHiBsiDEari); ^nmtiBS. industrial.
A Prayer Meeting on behalf of the Jews is held at the
office on the third Wednesday in each month, at 7 o'clock.
Judging from last year's receipts, the income is £4390;
of which about £80 is derived from publications, the re-
mainder from voluntary contributions; the present extent of
operations is consequently limited. Last year the amount
disbursed in its immediate objects, was £2456, and total
expenditure, £3714.
Ten shillings annual, or five pounds donation, constitutes
a member.
Treasurer, John Dean Paul, Esq. — Honorary Secretaries : Rev.
E. Henderson, D.D.; Rev. James Hamilton, D.D.; Rev. William
Bunting. — Resident Secretary, Mr. George Yonge.
OPERATIVE JEWISH CONVERTS' INSTITU-
TION, Palestine-place, Bethnal Green, London. Insti-
tuted 1831. It is a well known fact, that the first indi-
cation even of a wish on the part of a Jew, to inquire into
the truth of Christianity, cuts him off from the sympathies
of his brethren, excludes him from their connexion, and
annihilates his means of livelihood. He has to encounter a
series of persecution and privation, which, though it affords,
in most cases, the best proof of sincerity, leaves the convert
without the means of future support. This institution,
therefore, has virtually become an indispensable auxiliary
to the work of the societies for promoting Christianity
amongst the Jews.
To furnish him, in this extremity, with the means of
earning his own maintenance, is the object of this institu-
tion, which, after ascertaining in each case, by every possible
scrutiny, the reality of a change of mind and heart, accom-
panied by evidence that the party is utterly destitute, re-
ceives and shelters him for the time that may be requisite
for his learning a trade.
During its establishment, 250 persons following had the
benefit of its operations, many of these, in the course of so
many years, are necessarily lost sight of ; but, upwards of
100 can now be traced as leading consistent and useful lives.
The number of inmates at one time is generally 25.
Patron, Bishop of London. — President, Right Hon. Sir G. H.
Rose. — Treasurer, Jolm Twells, Esq. — Honorary Secretary,
W. Wynne Wilson, Esq. — Clerical Superintendent, Rev, J. C.
Reichardt. — Collector, Mr. Samuel J. Behrens.
430
EPucATioN ly Bissmnani: §>mttm. syria, a.d. isss
THE LADIES' SOCIETY for Promoting the Mental
Improvement and Religious Welfare of Jewesses, 27, Red
Lion-square, was formed in April 1840 ; with an Auxiliary
in Edinburgh, under the sanction and patronage, it is repre-
sented, of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland ;
also in Dublin, where a Ladies' Association is formed, adopt-
ing the same rules.
The parent society confined their labour amongst the Jews,
to the populous districts of Spitalfields and Goodman's
Fields, for four years, establishing schools, and urging the
Jews forward to promote an improved state of education
amongst themselves, which has been effected very satisfac-
torily.
A Mission to the Continent was undertaken, 1844, with
the object of promoting the interest and welfare of this an-
cient people.
An Industrial Branch was added to the Educational
Society, in 1845, for the purpose of affording a respectable
trade to those children who had distinguished themselves at
the schools of the society. Funds, it is stated, alone have
been wanting to render the general operations invaluable
in promoting the temporal and eternal welfare of the Jews.
The present School for Jewesses is at 3, Church-passage,
Spital-square, conducted on the Pestalozzian system. Mrs.
Jane Simpson, Honorary Secretary.
SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING INDUSTRY AND
RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION amongst the Jews of loth
Sexes, 27, Red Lion-square, Bloomsbury, appears to have
been formed in 1846, with the view of extending the opera-
tions of the last-named to both sexes.
The especial objects of the undertaking are thus ex-
plained : " to lead the rising generation of Jews into habits
of industry and a knowledge of the Word of God, as re-
vealed in the Old and New Testaments ; and teach them
various useful Trades, united with a System of Bible In-
struction."
In furtherance of the Industrial Branch, a printing press
has been established in Theobald's-road, worked by Jewish
youths, under the direction of a Christian manager ; other
trades have been sought, but printing, it is stated, has been
found to be an employment well suited for the Jews.
The last report published, that for July 1846, exhibited
the receipts up to that time to be £144, and the disburse-
431
GERMAN POOR, jHissinpflni Inmfeg. a.d. 1549
meut thereof to have been applied chiefly in preliminary
expenses.
Treasurer, John Labouchere, Esq. — Honorary Secretary, Mr.
J. G. Simpson.
CHURCH OF ENGLAND SOCIETY for Promoting
Christian Education in Syria, 250, Blackfriars-road. Formed
1838, for the establishing of native agency, and educating
for that purpose Syrian youths, from time to time sent
to this country ; to some being afforded medical instruction,
others instructed for schoolmasters and ministers ; uniting
with all mental accomplishments, Christian knowledge. Dr.
Assaad y Kayat, an Assyrian, was engaged, in his native
country, in furthering the obje6ts of this society, for some
time ; but the committee now represent a great want of pe-
cuniary assistance, and we believe, have virtually suspended
all operations for the present.
Treasurer, Hon. Capt. Maude, R.N., 52, Eaton-sq. — Bankers,
Messrs. Puget, Bainbridges, and Co., 12, St. Paul's Churchyard.
— Collector, Mr. Stone, 250, Blackfiriars-road.
The Syrian Medical Aid Association was founded in con-
nection with the above, for the purpose of granting efficient
medical attendance to the indigent sick of Syria, but was in
existence only a short period. Dr. Hodgkin, of Lower
Brook-street, officiated as one of the honorary secretaries.
GERMAN EVANGELICAL MISSION in LONDON^
Savoy. Instituted 1849. For the purpose of diffusing the know-
ledge of the Gospel amongst a numerous class of poor Ger-
mans, dispersed in various parts of London, many of whom
are in the most deplorable state of ignorance, irreligion, im-
morality, and wretchedness. At present, one missionary is
employed, who, within the short period of six months, has
paid upwards of eight hundred visits to about two hundred
families ; and either sold or gratuitously distributed nearly
two hundred German bibles and testaments. A Sunday
school has also been formed, in which from sixty to eighty
boys and girls are instructed. The mission is conducted
by a committee, consisting of a number of German cler-
gymen and laymen, who desire to extend its benefits, by
the employment of one or two additional missionaries, and
by the establishment of a school of industry ; provided the
liberality of the public enables them thus to enlarge the
sphere of their operations.
Further particulars may be obtained of Mr. C. Schoell,
the Savoy, Strand,
432
EVANGELICAL BliEBllKlItnilS CjiarifeS. ALLIANCE, 1846
CHAPTER XVIII.
MISCELLANEOUS CHARITIES, LOCAL
AND TEMPORARY FUNDS.
Institutions not comprehended under previous subjects. — Evangelical
Alliance. — Peace Society. — Aborigines Society. — Anti-Slavery Soci-
ety. — Blockade of the African Coast. — Petition of the Church Mis-
sionary Society. — African Civilization. — Temporary Funds, for Irish
Distress, and British Workpeople in France. — Irish Amelioration
Society. — List of Societies ceased to exist, within the last few years.
— Form of Charitable Bequest. — Congregational Associations and
Collections : Examples afforded of amounts in aid for one year, with
usual local Charities attached to Parish Churches, and District, and
Dissenting Chapels. — General Summary and Review. — Concluding
Remarks.
But few institutions now remain on our list : these, having
failed to find their place under preceding subjects, are, con-
sequently, comprehended in this, our concluding chapter ;
the contents, as may be gathered from the above, are mis-
cellaneous, but all, more or less, are required, in connexion
with our subject, to render the information as a whole com-
plete. The institutions coming under notice are of too mis-
cellaneous and indefinite a class for a summary of their
character and extent, and, indeed, too few to require it. We
therefore proceed at once to detail each separately.
TEE E YA NGELICAL ALLIANCE, Office, 10, Adam-
street, Adelphi. Formed first at the conference in Liverpool,
the first of October 1845, and in London, 20th August 1846,
Has for its aim the union of all classes of denominations, as
thus expressed : — " The great object of the alliance is to aid
in manifesting the unity which exists among the true disci-
433
PEACE SOCIETY, BJisMlgiifngg Citflrilips. a.d. isu
pies of Christ. In subserviency to this great object, the
alliance will endeavour to exert a beneficial influence on the
advancement of evangelical Protestantism, and on the coun-
teraction of infidelity, popery, and other forms of supersti-
tion, error, and profaneness. No compromise of the views
of any member, or sanction of those of others, on points
wherein they differ, is required or expected ; but all are held
to be as free as before to maintain and advocate their reli-
gious convictions, with due forbearance and brotherly love."
" In the admission of members, regard shall be had not
simply to an intellectual assent to the summary of doctrines
enumerated in the basis, but also to the practical exhibition
of their influence upon the conduct and temper of the indi-
vidual ; and no member shall be admitted, except he be re-
commended by two members of the organization resident in
the same sub-division, or a member of the divisional com-
mittee, or a member of the executive council, as being, in
their judgment and belief, a person of Christian character,
spirit, and deportment."
Members are entitled to attend the various meetings, and
introduce friends, without its necessarily involving member-
ship to the devotional meetings. Members are expected to
contribute to the funds. The amount of income last year,
for the whole of the different divisions, as well as central
fund, amounted to about £800, disbursed chiefly in expenses
of conference, salaries, and other items for carrying out the
objects.
Chairman, Sir C. E. Smith, Bart. — Treasurers : R. C. L. Bevan,
Esq. ; J. Farmer, Esq. — Office Secretary, Rev. J. P. Dobson. —
Publishers and 'Agents, Messrs. Partridge and Oakey, 34, Pater-
noster-row.
SOCIETY for the PROMOTION of Permanent and
Universal PLACE, 19, New Broad-street. Established
1814. The society consists of persons of every denomina-
tion, who represent themselves as desirous of uniting in " the
promotion of peace on earth and good will towards men."
Its chief supporters are amongst the Society of Friends, also
many who take a prominent part in promoting the tempe-
rance movement ; and likewise, those who are agitating for
retrenchment of standing army expenses, (fee. ; so that its
members are actuated by various motives and feelings, in
advocating and promoting the design. The amount of con-
28
434
aborigines' ^isrdianrnMS CljarrtiM. protection,i836
tributiou constituting membership is ten shillings and six-
pence annually, or five guineas donation.
An annual convention is held in May or June, to receive
reports of the progress of peace from all parts of the world,
and to deliberate upon the best means for promoting its
adoption. Last year's convention was held in Paris, and
formed a congress of all nations, lasting several days, and
concluding with great eclat, by the various delegates attend-
ing a grand reception given in honour of them by the French
president.
The last annual cash statement presents an income, de-
rived from voluntary contributions, of £1,800, disbursed in
printing and circulating papers illustrative of the society's
objects and plans, and other expenses incurred in advocating
generally a system of arbitration in lieu of war, (Sic.
President, Charles Hindley, Esq., M.P. — Treasurer, Samuel
Gurney, Esq., 65, Lombard-st. — Secretary, Rev. Henry Richard.
— -Assistant Secretary, Mr, Alexander Brockway, 19, New Broad-
street. — Travelling Agent, Mr. William Stokes.
THE ABORIGINES PROTECTION SOCIETY, 35,
Bedford-square. Established 1838. Instituted on much the
same principles as, but in advance of, the Anti-Slavery So-
cieties. The recognized object of this being, " to record the
history and promote the advancement of uncivilized tribes."
One guinea annual, or .£10 donation, constitutes a mem-
ber, entitled to all the publications of the society. The an-
nual income appears a very limited one, under ,£100 a-year.
President, Samuel Gurney^ Esq. — Treasurer, James Bell, Esq.,
15, Langham -place. — Hon. Secretary, Dr. Hodgkin, 35, Bedford-
square. — Secretary, Mr. Ij. A. Chamerovzow, 4, Leipsic-road, Cam-
berwell.
BRITISH AND FOREIGN ANTI-SLA VERY SO-
CIETY, 27, New Broad-street. Instituted 1839. For "the
universal extinction of slavery and the slave-trade, and the
^ The original anti-slavery society was established, 1787, for " the
abolition of the trade"; in 1807 this merged into " The African Institu-
tion to promote Civilization", which continued its operations until 1827,
when it ceased to exist. In the meanwhile (1823)" The London Society
for the gradual Abolition ofSlaver3-" was founded ; and in 1831 a branch
from it commenced, for " the immediate and entire abolition of slavery."
In 1834 the measure abolishing slavery in the British possessions became
law ; but the system of negro apprenticing continuing, against this, in
435 ^
ANTI-SLAYERY j^JBrfllgngDnS CljaritiEH. S0CIETY,A.D.1839
protection of the rights and interests of the enfranchised
population in the British possessions, and of all persons cap-
tured as slaves." This object the society endeavours to ad-
vance by pacific means only, such as by circulating accurate
information on the enormities of the slave trade and slavery ;
furnishing evidence to the inhabitants of slave-holding
countries, not only of the practicability, but of the pecuniary
advantage of free labour ; diftusing authentic intelligence
respecting the results of emancipation in Hayti, the British
colonies, and elsewhere ; corresponding with abolitionists in
America, France, and other countries ; and encouraging
them in the prosecution of their objects by all other methods
consistent with its principles.^
Every person who subscribes ten shillings annually, or
makes a donation of £5 or upwards, is a member of this
society. The funds are chiefly supported by such contribu-
tions, last year amounting to £1,241, and the proceeds of
publications to ^'188. The disbursements consist chiefly of
expenses in conducting the society,and printing publications.
This society appears strongly adverse to the continuance
of the armed squadron on the African coast for the suppres-
sion of the trade, — there being much affinity in the principles
upon which the society is conducted, and the general charac-
ter of its promoters, with what characterizes the Peace Con-
vention. There is, however, besides the ground taken by
the society, much reason to doubt the desirableness of this
protracted national expense. As regards the slave trade it-
self, there can be, or ought to be, but one opinion — of its ini-
quity ; and it is to be hoped an active abhorrence of it will
ever influence the humane and generous-hearted of our
country. But it is much to be questioned, whether the
society is not about right in its conclusion, however it may
1837, " The Central Negro Committee" directed its efforts, and it was
finally suppressed August 1838. In 1839, some of the friends of the old
societies organized themselves into the above society ; and another sec-
tion took up with the plan for the civilization of Africa, which so signally
failed in the disastrous attempt known as the Niger expedition, as referred
to page 437.
■^ The last statistical table of the extent of slavery furnished by this
society, presents the startling fact of there being no less a number than
7,.500,000 slaves at the present time. Thus : — in the United States,
3.09.5,000; Brazil, 3,250,000 ; Spanish colonies, 900,000 ; Dutch colonies,
8.5,000; South American republics, 140,00 J ; African settlements, 30,000.
436
AjTTi-sLAYERY BHisrrilaTO giis Cjiaritirs. society,a.d.i839
arrive at it, " that abolition of slavery must be the work of
Christian influence, example, and representation, rather than
compulsion and bloodshed." Sir T. F. Buxton's fortified
and well-proved assertion, that " for every slave embarked
one was sacrificed", will always remain an argument in its
favour ; as, not only does coercion tend to degenerate into a
system of privateering, expensive to the country, but it
necessarily renders the packing and general treatment even
more hazardous and insupportable for the unfortunate mer-
chandize. Besides this, after years of perseverance, and cost
of brave men and public resources, no perceptible progress
whatever has been made. Slavery is as much carried on
along the African coast as ever, and proves as profitable to
those who traffic.
There remains, however, on the other hand, one argument
which should weigh somewhat with those who so strenu-
ously oppose any longer continuance of the squadron, —
what provision can be suggested in lieu thereof, for the
safety of the various missionary stations formed under the
protection guaranteed thereby, and pursuing their quiet in-
fluence of good, to an extent at once successful and grati-
fying ? At the present time, in the colony of Sierra Leone,
with a population of forty-five thousand, mostly liberated
negroes, the Church Missionary Society maintains a cler-
gyman in thirteen parishes of the colony, and a staff of
twenty European clergymen and teachers, together with
sixty-four native teachers, three in full orders ; also twenty-
six places of worship, forty-three schools, with between five
and six thousand scholars. In Free Town, a grammar
school, containing fifty pupils, imparting a general and libe-
ral education, a theological college, <tc. The society expends
£10,000 annually, in maintaining these establishments,^
which are supported and cherished upon this extensive scale
^ " To the British government, — beyond his rescue from the slave-ship,
and emancipation from future slavery, and a temporary sustenance, and
his being placed within the reach of missionary efforts (to vphich it has
not contributed), — the liberated African cannot fairly be said to owe
much. To the invaluable exertions of the Church Missionary Society
more especially, and also, to a considerable extent, — as in all our African
settlements,- — to the Wesleyan bod}', the highest praise is due. By their
efforts nearly one-fifth of the whole population — a most unusually high
proportion in any country — is at school ; and the effects are visible in
considerable intellectual, moral, and religious improvement." — Report of
Parliamentary Committee (Lord Sandon, Chairman), 1842.
437
AFRICAN ^isrrllmirmrs Cjiaritius. civilization.
in Sierra Leone, not merely for the benefit of the locality,
but in order that it may become a seed-plot for the whole
western coast of Africa — that the liberated Africans, brought
in froni time to time by the cruising squadron, comprising
natives speaking above forty different languages, may be
trained in Christian knowledge, and prepared in due time
to return to their fatherlands, carrying with them the arts
of civilization, the Christian religion, and gratitude indelibly
stamped upon their minds towards the British nation. The
Church Missionary Society represents, that vjere the cruising
squadron to be removed from the coast, the existence of all
these agencies for the regeneration of Africa would be placed
in immvaent jeopardy. — " The agents of the slave trade would
at once take means for the expulsion of missionaries, for the
exciting of internal wars, and for debasing the population
by ardent spirits, and by all the degrading influences which
have ever marked the progress of the slave trade. The whole
continent of Africa will be thus given up to ruin by wars
and bloodshed, and slavery will increase twenty-fold.''^
Treasurer, G. W.Alexander, Esq., Lombard-street. — Secretary,
John Scoble, Esq.- — Collector, Mr. Thomas Boulton.
THE AFRICAN CIVILIZATION SOCIETY. Formed
1839; to promote the extinction of the slave trade, deve-
lope the capabilities of the African soil, <fec. Appears to have
suspended all operations, and even active existence, since
the disastrous failure of the Niger expedition. No formal
dissolution of the society has, however, taken place ; conse-
quently, although the accounts have been made up, and
there remains, it is represented, no funds in hand, the name
of the society is retained, its ostensible representative being
the Secretary of the Mico Trust, 20, Buckingham-street,
Adelphi. The other names retained on the list of supporters
are: Prince Albert, President;^ Chairman, Right Hon. S.
Lushington, LL.D ; Treasurer, John Gurney Hoare, Esq.
The African Native Agency Committee, was formed by the
exertions of several of the members of the preceding Society,
^ Petition to Parliament, March 18, 1850, from Committee of Church
Missionary Society.
^ It will be remembered that this Society commenced its labours with
great hopes, and under the highest auspices, the Prince Consort making
his first public appearance by presiding at the general meeting in 1840.
His Royal Highness became the president of the Society ; and, we are
given to understand, has never formally withdrawn his name.
438
IRISH RELIEF. Cmprarif jFimits. a.d. 1847
in 1843 ; its operations appear limited, the whole having
been sustained by a total amount of voluntary contributions,
to the present time, of less than £1,500. They consist
chiefly of aiding local plans of the Church Missionary So-
ciety, for the benefit of native Africans at Cape Coast, Sierra
Leone, and the Bahamas, <fec. ; assisting in maintaining an
agency, for the promotion of native educational and indus-
trial objects.
Treasurer, John Gumey Hoare, Esq. — Secretary, R. Stokes, Esq.
BRITISH ASSOCIATION for the RELIEF of EX-
TREME DISTRESS in the Remote Parishes of Ireland and
Scotland, Committee Room, South Sea House. Instituted
1847. Although this fund was raised only for a special pur-
pose, and temporary in its operations, yet the occasion for it
was so deplorable and recent a one, and the extent and ap-
plication of the relief so characteristic of English benevo-
lence, that its mention^ as an historical reminiscence, among
existing charities, will not be deemed amiss, especially as the
details afforded may prove satisfactory to those who contri-
buted to the fund, and who may not yet have ascertained
how it was disbursed.
A very interesting and detailed report, illustrated with
maps, has lately been published by the committee, entering
at length into the description of relief afforded, and mode of
distribution, <fe:c. ; also a list of the contributors. The same
will be delivered gratis to any subscriber, or, price one shil-
ling to the public.
STATEMENT OF THE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE FROM
JANUARY 1, 1847, TO DECEMBER 25, 1848.
Cr. RECEIPTS.
To Subscriptions . . . . . . £269,302 6
The First Queen's .Letter
Fund .. .. £170,571 10
The Second ditto . . 30,167 14 4
200,738 15 2
Total Subscriptions . . . . . . £470,041 1 2
Provisions sold in Ireland . 44,282 13 11
Provisions issued from the depots of the
Association to Her Majesty's Government 35,384 16 8
Transfer of Provisions of the Association
to Her Majesty's Government . . 29,450 18 7
Gross Receipts for Provisions . . . . 109,118 11 2
Seed sold in Ireland, and to Her Majesty's Government, for
Scotland . . . . . . . . . . 16,069 2
Interest and Premium on Exchequer Bills, &c. . . 8,306 15 8
£603,335 8 2
439
REFUGEE WORKMEN, fellipranj ^1111^5.
A.D. 1848
EXPENDITURE.
By Provisions shipped to Ireland . . ^178,576 13 2
H. M.' sPaymaster General, for Provisions
issued from the Government Depots in
Ireland to 1st October, 1847 .. 58,933 17 3
Seed
Total for Provisions, to October 1st, 1847
237,510 10 6
18.314 16 9
77,6a3 15 7
10,000
7,250
3,692 15 8
Remittances to the Edinburgh and Glasgow Committees
Grant to the Dublin Central Relief Committee
Grants to various Charitable Associations
Small Grants of Money to Relief Committees in Ireland,
including £500 for Clothing, and £500 for the purchase
of Turnip Seed
H. M.'s Paymaster General, for Provisions
issued since 1st October, 1847 . . 107,207 15 10 i
Advances in money to Unions, for Relief of
General Distress and Rationing School
Children .. .. .. 111,171 17 1
Clothing for Schools .. .. 12,000
Cost ofReliefsince 1st October, 1847 .. 230,379 12 11
Distribution in Ireland, and Agency and
Supercargo's Expenses .. .. 1,990 16 10
Advertisements, Stationery, and Printing 1,824 8 6
Salaries .. .. .. 1,074 15
Postages and Petty Cash .. .. 219 17 10
Rent of Office .. .. .. 176 10
Total Expenses of Management
Poor Law Commissioners for Ireland
Balance at Smith, Payne, and Co.'s, on 25th December
5,286 8 2
12,OC0
602,117 19 6
1,417 8 8
£603,535 8 2
Auditors : Sir James Weir Hogg, Bart., and J. B. Heath, Esq.
— Honorary Secretaries : the Hon. Stephen Spring Rice ; Francis
Carleton, Esq. (deceased) ; and £. Caine, Esq. — Secretary, Mr.
J. B. Standish Haly.
SUBSCRIPTION FOR THE RELIEF OF BRITISH
WORKMEN, Refugees from France, 4, St. Martin' s-place.
Instituted 1848. Like the former fund, this is merely
brought forward here to shew, on the one hand, what, in
special cases, has been done to provide against distress ; and,
on the other hand, to serve as an example of what may be
attempted in similar cases. It originated in the Spring of
1848, to relieve the distress occasioned to the British work-
people and others, in France, by being thrown out of employ
during the revolution ; popular feelings compelling them to
leave the country.
The fund raised by voluntary subscriptions throughout
440
IRISH AMELIORATION. 3Hi3CEUflntnilS. A.D. 1849
this country, realised about ^6000 ; and the details of its
disbursement will sufficiently represent the mode of appli-
cation thereof: — about £1000 to the mayors and consuls of
Calais, Boulogne, Havre, Dover, and Folkestone, for distri-
bution to the refugees in leaving and arriving at the various
ports ; ^800 distributed amongst those arriving in London ;
between £3000 and £4000 for passages and fares of the
various families to their respective homes and parishes, and
others emigrating to the colonies ; also, outfitting them ;
and about £500 to orphan and other charities in London,
for the reception and benefit of several children of refugees
obliged to be removed from similar institutions in France.
The amount now remaining in band for further contingent
claims is £1366.
Secretary, Mr. W. T. Haly. — Agent, etc., Mr. J. B. Standish
Haly.— Auditor, G. C. Glyn, Esq.
IRISH AMELIORATION SOCIETY, 9, Waterloo-
place, established' 1849, is a commercial undertaking, but
based more upon the prospect of affording remunerative and
reproductive labour for the Irish peasantry, than upon any
estimate of large profits. The chief operations projected by
the society appear to consist of various methods to reclaim
the peat bogs, the cleansing of the cities and towns, and the
rendering available for agricultural purposes the refuse and
manure thus collected ; united with these objects, is the
even more philanthropic one of ameliorating the peasant's
present condition, pointing out to him how to economise
and improve time, space, and means.
The amount of capital stock is stated to be £500,000, in
shares of £10, to be paid up by deposit and future calls of
10s. each. Twenty-one days' notice of call to be given, and
three months given to pay.
The first call was paid September 25, 1849.
Chairman of the Court of Directors, Lord De Mauley. — Chair-
man of the Committee of Works, Major-General Macleod.
Mention is made of the following two or three societies,
not that they come within our defined limits, but their titles
and presumed objects rendering it possible that their omis-
sion might mislead, we deem it better thus briefly to notice
them.
The Religious Freedom Society, Bolt-court, Fleet-street,
established 1839,has, for the present, suspended its operations,
which, according to its objects, were directed towards main-
441
LIST OP DEFUNCT, OR 9tli5rrllaiIfDII5. OTHERWISE OMITTED.
taining " that it is the inalienable right of every man to
worship God according to the conviction of his own will";
and opposed to the union of " Church and State ", " Church-
rates ", <fec.
Treasurer, R. Peck. Esq. — Bankers, Messrs. Hanbury and Co.
— Secretary, Josiah Conder, Esq., Bolt-court, Fleet-street.
British and Foreign Unitarian Association, 2, Essex-
street, Strand, instituted 1825, is formed for the promotion
of the principles of Unitarian faith at home and abroad ;
the support of its worship ; the diffusion of biblical, theolo-
gical, and literary knowledge, on topics connected with it ;
and the maintenance of the civil rights and interests of its
professors.
One guinea annually, or ten guineas at one time, consti-
tute a member.
Treasurer, Mr. Thos. Hornby. — Honorary Secretary, Mr. Edw.
Tagart, Bayswater. — Resident Secretary, Dr. Thomas Rees.
The Christian Tract Society, established 1809, must be
distinguished from the Religious Tract Societies already
given in detail. The avowed objects of this are " for dis-
tributing amongst the poor small cheap tracts, inculcating
moral conduct, upon Christian principles"; but its views are
in unison with the association above.
Treasurer, Mr. James Esdaile, 24, Upper Bedford-place. — Secre-
tary, Mr. J. E. Clennell, Mare-street, Hackney. — Publisher and
Agent, Mr. Chapman, 142, Strand.
From a consideration likewise that it may be useful to
know for certain of the cessation of such charitable societies
as, until within the last few years were in operation, we sub-
join a list of such as have come under personal observation ;^
with a reference, to prevent misconception, to existing insti-
tutions of a similar character ; with the addition of a few
others, which, for various reasons, have been omitted from
our work.
Animals' Friend Society (not the Royal Society, page 86), — ceased to exist.
Association for Abolition of Imprisonment for Debt, &c., late of 30. Nicho-
las lane (not the Craven-street Society, page 136). ditto.
Bengal Military Orphan Society, 69, Comhill, is exclusively an Indian
Society .
^ This may prove of service in detecting the attempted impositions of
unprincipled persons soliciting contributions ou the credit of past societies,
of which lately there have been many instances.
442
LIST OF DEFUNCT, OE 3Hi3rtllfinjIIlI3. OTHERWISE OMITTED.
Biblico-Philological Institution, 15, Exeter Hall, — ceased to exist.
Christian Philanthropic Institution, — is only the name given to 20, Red
Lion-square, where several offices are held.
Dispensary for the Treatment of Ring Worm, and other Diseases of the
Skin, late of 2, Princes-street, Leicester-square, — ceased to exist.
Evangelical Voluntary Church Association, 4, Bloomfield-street, — ditto.
Eye Dispensary, late of 28, Denmark-street, Soho, — ditto.
Friendly Loan Society, late of 50, Leicester square, — ditto.
Galvanic and Electric Institution, late of ArKvllstreet, — ditto.
Lascar Benevolent Institution, late in connexion with the British Sailors'
Society, — ditto.
London Benevolent Society's Repository, late of 20, Wigmorest. — ditto.
London Dispensary for Diseases of the Lungs, late of 92,Newman-st. — ditto.
— West ditto, for Asthma, Consumption, and all Diseases of the
Chest, late of 83, Wells street, Oxford-street,— ditto.
London Episcopal Floating Church Society (vide page 390), — ditto.
Itinerant Society, Bloorofield-street, — ditto.
Institution for Diseases of Teeth, late of 10, Windmill-street, — ditto.
Masonic Provident Society, Prince's Head, Princes-st,Westminster, — ditto.
Master Bakers' School, late of 22, Pleasant-row, Fentonville, — ditto.
Medical Benevolent Society, late of 73, Lamb's Conduit-street, — ditto.
Metropolitan Institution for Commercial Schools in the Metropolis and its
Suburbs, late of 79, Pall Mall, — ditto.
Royal Metropolitan Hospital for Sick Children (not the Royal Infirmary,
page 35), late of 11, Broad-street, Golden-square, — ditto.
National Friendly Society for the Mutual Assurance of Life and Health,
18, Red Lion square, is an insurance office only.
North West London Penitent Female Refuge, late of 52, Camden-street,
Camden-town, — ceased to exist.
Newspaper Press Benevolent Association (vide also page 274), — ditto.
Polish Economical and Clothing Society (see page 143), late of 10, Duke-
street, St. James, — ditto.
Richmond Institute, of 88, St. James-street, — not yet completed or made
public. Supposed to contemplate the relief of agricultural distress.
Sanatorium, late of Devonshire-place House, New-road, — ceased to exist
(vide page 50).
Servants' Institution, 42, Great Marylebone-street, — amalgamated (vide
page 165).
Society for Charitable Purposes, late of 8, Great Stanhope-street, May-
fair, — ceased to exist.
Soldiers' Friend Society, late of 4, Charles-street, Hampstead-road, — gone.
Syrian Medical Aid Association, 9, Lower Brook-street, — ceased to exist.
Welsh Dispensary, 18, Great Newport^street, — closed.
West London Association, 32, Sackville-street, — ceased to exist.
Free Dispensary for Diseases of the Skin, 45, Dorset-street,
Baker street, — gone.
Medicated Vapour Bath Institution, 8, Great Castle-street,
Oxford-street, — ditto.
443
FORM OF BEQUEST SJliSCpllailfDllS. TO A CHARITY.
In accordance with a request that has been made, and
with the desire of preventing inadvertencies which cause
litigation and loss, where only the affording assistance was
contemplated, we briefly notice the subject of making be-
quests for charitable purposes.
An act of Parliament " for the amendment of the laws
with respect to wills," passed July 3, 1837, and coming into
operation January 1, 1848, contains the following enact-
ment, to which perhaps it may be well to call attention.
It does not affect wills executed prior to that date ; but
alterations and codicils to such must be so treated : —
" And be it further enacted, that no will shall be valid
unless it shall be in writing, and executed in manner here-
inafter mentioned ; (that is to say) it shall be signed at the
foot or end thereof, by the testator, or by some other person
in his presence and by his direction ; and such signature
shall be made or acknowledged by the testator, in the pre~
sence of two or more witnesses present at the time ; and such
witnesses shall attest and shall subscribe the will in the pre-
sence of the testator ; but no form of attestation shall be
necessary." (1 Victoria, cap. 26, sec. 9.)
We submit the following form of bequest as agreeable to
the statute, to such as may be desirous of availing them-
selves of our suggestions : —
I give and bequeath unto the treasurer for the time being
of the
the sum of
pounds sterling ; to be paid with all convenient speed after
my decease, exclusively out of such part of my personal
estate not hereby specifically disposed of, as I may by law^
bequeath to charitable purposes ; and 1 hereby lawfully
charge such part of my estate with the said sum, upon trust,
to be applied towards the general purposes of the said society;
and the receipt of such treasurer for the time being of the said
society shall be a suficient discharge for the said legacy. (And
I direct that the duty upon the said legacy be paid by my
executors out of the said fund.)
^ Devises of land, or of money charged on land, or secured on mort-
gage of lands or tenements, or to be laid out in lands or tenements, or to
arise from the sale of lands or tenements, are void ; and even where no
particular fund is pointed out in the will for the payment of charitable
Our work, so far as regards the account of the public
charities and religious societies of London, is now brought
to a close ; but before briefly reviewing the result of our
investigations, it may be as well to refer to local charities ;
these, as we have before intimated, it has been found inex-
pedient to attempt describing on the present occasion, except
so far as they present peculiar features or benefits available
beyond their immediate localities.
Examples have been afforded, however, of district visiting
societies (p.l28),schools(p.311), (fee, in detail; and a general
view of the aggregate extent and value given under each
subject. And we now, lastly, notice congregational associa-
tions and collections in aid : we do this from the feeling that
it may justly be expected, that a source from whence our
public charities so largely derive their prosperity, should be
recognised, with an attempt at affording some idea at least
of the completeness of local operations ; and, at the same
time, of the essential influence exercised by Christian congre-
gations in the support of the more general; for real " Cha-
rity", although it " begins at home", ^et it never ends there.
Any attempt to give a complete list of congregational
and local associations is a subject intimately connected with
that of aflfording an account of the numerous churches and
chapels of our metropolis, and may form the subject of a
future volume ;i but for all useful present purposes, we
think every end answered by the information we are en-
abled, by the courtesy and kindness of their respective in-
cumbents or trustees, to give, of two parish churches, one dis-
trict church, one chapel of ease, and two dissenting chapels.
legacies, and they are consequently a charge on the residue, and the resi-
due consists, in part, of property before mentioned ; so much of the lega-
cies will become void as shall bear the same proportion to the entire
legacies as the exempted property bears to the residue.
^ A small but useful pioneer to such a work, as far as regards the
churches and chapels of the metropolis, already exists, entitled "A Guide
to the Places of Public Worship." Is. Low.
445
AND CONGREGATIONAL 3Hi5rpllfllIfniI5. COLLECTIONS.
ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS. Rector, Rev, J. E.
Tyler, B.D. This parish was divided, somewhat more
than a century ago, into two pai'ishes, St. Giles-in-the-
Fields, and St. George, Bloomsbury. The greater propor-
tion of the charities belong to both parishes, jointly ; and
depend, either wholly or in part, on annual subscriptions.
The Shelton School, adjoining St. Giles' Church, belongs to
both parishes equally.
The Parochial Schools, near St. George's Church, for one
hundred boys and sixty girls, depending partly on the divi-
dends of some funded donations, and partly on voluntary
subscriptions, w^hich latter amount to an average of ^600
per annum, receive the children of both parishes alike ; the
boys are clothed and taught, the girls maintained and
lodged.
The National School, for boys and girls, near St. Giles's
Church, is wholly supported by voluntary contributions. The
school was built in 1828, at an expense Uttle short of £2000;
the number of boys who pay 2d. per week, averages two
hundred. The expenses are about £150 per annum. The
girls pay Id. weekly. There is a clothing fund attached.
The charge is about j£150 per annum ; the number is nearly
two hundred.
An Infant School has lately been added.
Schools for infants, and for boys and girls, have lately
been opened in Parker-street, near Trinity Church, capable
of holding near six hundred children. These school-rooms
were converted out of capacious warehouses, at an expense
of about £1400.
St. Giles's District Visiting Society is supported wholly
by voluntary contributions, to an extent of somewhat above
£300. To this is attached the Ladies' Lying-in Charity, by
which, on an average, one hundred and fifty mothers are
assisted, at an expense of somewhat more than £70 per
annum ; also, a lending library ; and a district committee
of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. The
savings' fund is in a most satisfactory state, upwards of
1000 poor annually contributing their small savings, to
whom the premium of Id. in the Is. proves a great assistance.
EXAMPLES OF
440
BlisrpUanrniis. local associations
ST. PA NCSAS. Vicar, Rev. Thomas Dale, M.A. The
extent and large population of this parish renders it next
to impossible to draw up anything like a correct view of
what is effected therein •, in fact, such an attempt Avould
be involving the question of doing so throughout London,
a subject, as before intimated, sufficiently large and inter-
esting to suggest a future volume ; the following statistics
must be taken, therefore, as simply referring to the parish
church in Euston-square, and the immediate district there of
which may be taken as one-tenth of the population of the
whole parish.
First, the amounts collected at the Church doors during
1849, viz. :—
For the Female CharitvSchool £115
Tlie Royal General Dispensary
(page* 66) . - - - 113
St. Pancras Church Extension
Fund - - - - 259
1 National School 171
Metropolitan Churches' Fund 87
Infant and Sunday Schools - 148
District Visiting Society - 137
Collections on Easter Day - 92
Daj- of Humiliation - *. 167
Of General Thanksgiving - 110
Total - - - 1899
The amount of the sacramental collections during the year -
And in Church boxes .....
261
103
£1763
In addition to this the congregation subscribed, in 1849,
somewhat of an approximation to the foUoAving sums : —
Scripture Readers' - - 150
District Visiting Society and
Provident Fund - - 100
St. Pancras Di.spensary . 100
General Charities • - 150
About £1,700
Church Extension
. £500
Infant School Building
. 200
Free Church
. 100
National Schools
- 200
Soup Kitchen
. 100
Northern Dispensary -
- 100
447
AND CONGREGATIONAL BliSKllflUBIIlIS. COLLECTIONS.
ST. JOHN'S CHJlPEL, BEDFORD ROW. Rev.
Thomas Nolan,' M.A., incumbent.
An Association for the Church Missionary Society, realiz-
ing annually from sermons between £60 and ^80, and from
benefactions and subscriptions £250. In 1848, a special
fund was raised for the jubilee collections, amounting to
£485. The Juvenile Missionary Association produces alone
£30 annually. The total amount remitted to the parent
society exceeds £15,000.
An Association in Aid of the London Society for Promoting
Christianity amongst the Jews remits annually about £30.
Irish Union Association collects from between £30 to
£40 annually, for distribution amongst the religious societies
of Ireland.
The North London Ladies' Association for the Colonial
Church Society was formed and is chiefly supported by the
congregation. The donations having been very liberal, and
the annual sermons generally producing above £60, the ag-
gregate amount remitted in nine years has been upwards
of £2000.
An Association in Aid of the London City Mission remits
to the parent society nearly £200 per annum, securing for
the contiguous districts, the visiting of three or four mis-
sionaries from the society.
The Queen-square Bible Society is only in part supported
by this congregation. The sermons produce about £40
annually ; and
The North London Auxiliary for Promoting Female
Education in the East is partly supported by an occasional
sermon.
^ Few, if any, con,i;re};ations, in London, of a like character, have con-
tributed more extensively and systematically to the public societies, as
well as influenced and carried out local usefulness to a greater extent, than
that connected with this place of worship. At the present time, perhaps, the
state of the various charities sliould not be taken as the criterion of either
what has been their ordinary extent, or how far the same will be sustained
or exceeded for the future. The secession from the church of one who, for
so many years, was their chief advocate and warm supporter, naturally
brought them under the depressive influence of uncertaiuty and change ;
but this being overcome, by the prospect now open of a permanent and
valuable pastoral ministration, they sustain their eflicieucy, and are re-
gaining their usual support.
418
EXAMPLES OF SiliSfdlfllltnUS. liOCAL ASSOCIATIONS
Besides these associations are the following schools and
other local operations more immediately dependant upon
the exertions of the congregation, viz. : —
The Sunday Schools for religious instruction, occupying
the upper galleries of the chapel preceding morning service,
instituted, by Mr. Cecil, 1797, instruction being given by
about twenty-five members of the congregation to an average
attendance of fifty boys, and sixty girls, who are chiefly the
children of small tradespeople and others of a respectable
class.
The Sunday and Day Schools, Baldwin's-place, established
about 1826. Average attendance on Sunday for many
years has been 400, instructed by about 70 members of the
congregation. The day school has an average attendance
of 100 boys and 60 girls ; and is supported in part by the
children's pence. This school is now connected with the
Committee of Council on Education ; and the master, who
lately passed a most creditable examination, receives pupil
teachers. The supplies for meeting the expenditure of the
united schools are derived from an income much as follows :
annual subscriptions, £160; donations, £100; children's
weekly payments, £50 ; collections after sermons, £60 to
£70 ; total, about £380.
The Infant School, established 1828, educates nearly 250
children, and is supported by the collection after the annual
sermon, by subscriptions and donations, and children's pence;
averaging an annual income of about £200.
District Visiting Association and Ladies' Fund, has been
already detailed as an example of such local societies (vide
page 130). Total annual income about £250, arising from
contributions and collections after sermons.
Penny Savings' and Working Bank, or Provident Fund,
is connected with the schools ; and many of the parents and
children are depositors. The entire number of depositors is
about 200 ; aided by subscriptions to an extent of ,£35.
The Sacramental Fund is distributed in small weekly pen-
sions to the poor who regularly attend the chapel. This
amounts, annually, to about £200.
449
AND CONGREGATIONAL jiliSCtllaHfllllS. COLLECTIONS.
CAMDEN CHAPEL, CAMDEN TOWN. Rev. E. P.
Hannam, M.A., incumbent. Annual summary of local cha-
rities in connexion therewith : —
Infant Sunday and National Schools. Honorary Secretary, Mr. £
T. W. King. About - - - - - 450
District Curates' Fund, for the maintenance of an evening ser-
vice, and a more adequate pastoral superintendence of the
sick and poor. Treasurer, Mr. Ingpen - - - 130
Church District Visiting Society, for the relief of sick and poor.
Treasurer, J. Dand, Esq. - - - - 120
Camden Town Clothing, for providing the poor in the winter
season. Treasurer, Mrs. Hannam - - - 57
Camden Town Maternity Society. Treasurer, Mrs. Pocock - 40
Camden Town Dispensary (page 67) ... J34
Camden Town Choral Society. Treasurer, Mr. Yardley - 20
Camden Town Almshouses, Cfindle, and Coal Fund (page 221).
SURREY CHAPEL. Rev. James Sherman, minister.
Among the many useful institutions connected with this
chapel, " The Benevolent Society''' stands as principal, both
on account of its founder and its present extensive benefits.
It was founded in 1 784, by the Rev. Rowland Hill, for admi-
nistering to the temporary necessities of the sick poor at their
own habitations, without regard to sect or party; it relieves
annually about 700 cases of distress. The amount of re-
ceipts, including interest on funds, averaging little short of
£500.
'^ An Auxiliary Missionary Society,''' supported by sub-
scriptions, donations, and box collections, contributes to the
" London Missionary Society " about £700 per annum.
" Southwark Sunday School Society," established 1799,
supports twelve schools, containing above 3,500 children,
superintended by 380 teachers, and is chiefly supported by
the congregation. As nearly as can be computed 94,000
scholars have entered these schools since the time of their
formation.
"A Bible Association," founded 1812, pays annually about
.£150 towards the funds of the " Southwark Auxiliary."
Southwark Auxiliary Religious Tract Society i?, also greatly
assisted by the congregation. The Association purchases of
the parent society 30,000 tracts and nearly 10,000 small
books annually, for distribution or sale at reduced prices.
29
450
EXAMPLES OP IMisrtllEHEnilS. local associations.
School of Industry, founded 1808, for 30 girls, clothed
and educated.
Dorcas Society relieves about 70 persons annually with
money, coals, soup, clothes for the infant, &c.
Female Clothing Society dispenses female clothing at a
cheap rate to the holders of subscribers' recommendations,
who are entitled to one for every 7s. subscribed.
Surrey Chapel Almshouses. See page 229,
Also, various Associations for promoting religious instruc-
tion and advice, viz. : — The Christian Instruction Associa-
tion ; The Maternal ; The Young Men's Association ; Mutual
Improvement, etc. etc.
The Centenary Fund — to erect new schools in memory of
the Rev. Rowland Hill, now amounts to £2000.
The Jews' Class is generally attended by about twelve
young Jews for general instruction ; and
The Christian Mutual Provident Fund — for relief in sick-
ness, granting annuities, sums payable at death, etc., for the
benefit of members only, their wives and children.
CRA VEN CHAPEL. Minister, Rev. Dr. Leifchild. Col-
lected for the year 1849 : —
British Day Schools: 265 boys, 151 girls, 132 infants -^74 17
Sabbath Schools: 200 boys, 200 girls, 120 infants
Sick Visiting Society, for relieving the sick poor at their
own dwellings .....
Dorcas and Infant Friend Society, for half-price cloth-
ing, and lying-in-woraen ....
Auxiliary to London Missionary Society
Youthful Branch of ditto ....
Native Teacher in India ....
Auxiliary to Home Missionary Society
Auxiliary to London City Missionary Society
Auxiliary to Christian Instruction Society - . ]
Religious Tract Society . . . . J '
Ladies' Amicable Society ...
£1i 17
4
18 8
102 14
I
78 13
6
144 18
6
50 2
4
15
68 14
10
119
10
[52 13
6
19 3
3
^744 6 2
This is exclusive of subscriptions and donations.
451
REVIEW AND (tyUIirlllSillll, GENERAL SUMMARY,
AVe here come to the conclusion of the pleasant labours
of many mouths, naturally with somewhat of satisfaction,
although the feeling is far from being unalloyed. The fear
of not having used this opportunity of usefulness aright, or
that by some ill-conceived opinion, or inadvertent expres-
sion, the appreciation of a deserving charity may suffer,
constrains us to close our work in much diffidence, and to
review and sum up with fear.
Nevertheless, we are sure that a glance at the extensive
character of the information afforded in the foregoing pages,
and a consideration of the variety of sources from which
such information must necessarily be sought, will secure
credence for the assurance that much application and dili-
gence have been demanded for the purpose. This at least we
may say, that the time and application devoted to the sub-
ject has been most cheerfully afforded, and with a sincere
purpose of rendering the book useful, not only to those who
require the aid of a metropolitan charity, but to the charities
themselves ; desiring that their scope and objects may thus
be more extensively made known, and that those to whom a
Gracious Providence has entrusted the means, may never be
at a loss for a suitable channel in which the current of their
benevolence may flow.
To what an extent our metropolitan charities have been
multiplied, and what diversity of objects they are intended
to embrace, we have now fully shewn, and it remains for us
only to present an abstract of the entire — a summary, in
detail, has been already furnished under each chapter ; and
to this, reference will be at once satisfactory and interesting,
upon any point not sufficiently represented here.
This summary, it must be borne in mind, does not include
local charities, or the charities in the gift of the corporate
companies, etc. ; the latter will be found detailed page 19U.
452
REVIEW AND
€mt
nsinn
.
GENERAL SUMMARY.
§mm[
It
.a
Si
u
11 = 2
II ^g
lnmmani.
il
P
•Oo2
3
Income
from
proper
otherw
cured.
1^
fa
General medical hos-
£
£
page
pitals
5
5
2
12
31,265
111,641
4
Medical charities for
special purposes
38
11
1
60
27,974
68,690
20
General dispensaries
22
13
—
35
11,470
2,954
62
Preservation of life
and public morals .
11
1
—
12
8,730
2,773
82
Reclaiming the fallen ,
and staying the pro-
gress of crime .
14
4
—
18
16,299
18,737
96
Relief of general des-
titution and distress
12
2
—
14
20,646
3,234
117
Relief of specified dis-
tress
9
2
1
12
19,473
10,408
134
Aiding the resources
of the industrious .
13
1
—
14»
4,677
2,569
148
For the blind, deaf.
and dumb
8
3
—
11
11,965
22,797
179
Colleges, hospitals,
and other asylums
for the aged .
10
24
69
103+
5,857
77,190
205
Charitable pension so-
cieties
14
1
1
16
15,790
3,199
236
Charitable and provi-
dent, chiefly for spe-
cified classes .
36
1.5
3
74
19,905
83,322t
248
Asylums for orphans
and other necessi-
tous children .
16
15
—
3111
55,466
25,549
291
Educational founda-
tions?
—
10
10
15,000
78,112
328
Charitablemodem do.
3
1
—
4
4,000
9,300
School societies, reli-
gious book, Church
aiding.and Christian
**
visiting, etc. IT .
36
3
1
40
159,853
158,336
a'J7
Bible and missionary
27
8
—
35
494,494
63,068
405
Miscellaneous .
Total
—
—
—
—
—
—
432
294
109
88
491
1,022,864
741,869
"
• This is exclusive of Savings' Banks and Loan Societies. Vide p. 173.
+ Exclusive of Chelsea and Greenwich Hospitals. Vide page 215.
t This amount of ^683,322 of course includes " members' payments".
II Exclusive of parochial schools.
§ Does not include libraries, modem colleges, or proprietary schools.
Vide page 339, etc.
^ Irrespective of government grants, or establishment.
** This apparently large amount comprehends sale of publications, etc.
453
OF THE CHARITIES CnHrlHSilUI. of LONDON.
What an amazing comprehensiveness is here developed in
the operations of Christian charity for the relief of suffering
and dependent humanity, — how all classes of wretchedness
and want are included, — and every description of need, in-
firmity, and ignorance, designed to be provided for ! More-
over, what means are thus afforded of carrying into effect
that which, in the beautiful and feeling language of our
English Liturgy, we beseech our Heavenly Father to grant,
when we pray of Him —
" To strengthen such as stand."
" To comfort and help the weakhearted, and to raise up them that fall."
" To succour, help, and comfort, all that are in danger, necessity, and
tribulation."
" To preserve all that travel by land or by water, all women labouring
of child, all sick persons, and young children"; and
" To defend, and provide for, the fatherless children and widoivs, and all
that are desolate and oppressed."
How wonderfully does the completeness of the foregoing
summary correspond with the need expressed in these peti-
tions, presenting to us the opportunity likewise of
" Bringing forth the fruits of the Spirit"
And doubtless this is one of God's gracious ways of
answering these prayers, at the same time that He offers a
test to our own sincerity and warmth of love, by wisely or-
daining that the administration of the comfort and help He
designs to afford, shall be through the instrumentality of
those who believe in Him.
Neither can a review of this vast machinery of Christian
benevolence, and means of usefulness, embodied in a perma-
nent form, be without another gratifying association ; we
joyfully acknowledge the increasing evidence it affords of a
lively faith, and exercise of Christian love ; as it cannot be
doubted that the charities of our land are realli/ the fruits of
that sacred principle, that, " he who loveth God loves his
brother also"; and that they afford hope of the prevailing
acknowledgment and extensive experience amongst us of
the constraining love of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.
App.
454
INDEX.
Aborigines Protection Society, 434
Accident Relief Society, 131
Adelaide, (ftueen), and British Ladies
Institution, 32; Dispensaiy, 70;
Lying-in Hospital, 32
AdtQt Orphan Institution, 298
African Civilization Society, 437; Na-
tive Agency Fund, 437
Aged Christian Society, London, 244
Aged, Hospitals and Asylums for, 203
Aged Pilgrims' Asylum, 230; Friend
Society, 244
Aged Poor Society, 243
Agricultural Orphan School, the, 302
Aiding the Industrious, Charities for,
148
Aldersgate-street Dispensary, 73
Aldis, Sir Charles, Glandular Institu-
tion, 8
Alleged Lunatics, the Friends So-
ciety, 56
Alleyn's, Edward, Foundation of Dul-
wich, 212 ; Almshouses, 220-221
Almshouses, summary of, 205 ; gene-
ral account of, 219
Amesbury's, Joseph, Spinal Institu-
tion, 44
Amyas' Almshouses, 220
Ancient Britons, Honourable and
Loyal Society of, 308
Animals Friend Society, (the late), 441
Animals, Society for the Prevention of
Cruelty to, 86
Anniversary Festival of the Sons of the
Clergy, 250 ; of the Patrons of
Charity Schools, 317
Annuities rendered available to Go-
vernesses, 260 ; Servants, 265
Annuity Societies, see Pensions 239
Apothecaries, Chaaities and Gifts un-
der the management of Company
of, 193
Apprenticeship Fee Funds, referred
to, 167 ; Clergy Orphan, 294
Apprenticing Poor Children, Fellowes
Charity for, 168; of Herefordshire
Parents, 169; of Somersetshire
Parents, 169; of Worcestershire
Parents, 169; of Wiltshire Pa-
rents, 170
Armourers and Braziers' Company,
Charities in the gift of, 193; Alms-
houses, 220
Army Medical, Friendly Society, 264 ;
OflBcers' Benevolent Society, 264
Army, Chelsea Hospital for, 215
Arneway's Charity, 167
Artists' Benevolent Fund, 257
Artists' Gi'neral Benevolent Institu-
tion, 258
Ashton's Charity for Relief of Poor
Clergymen, 253
Aske's Charity School, 224 ; Hospital,
224
Associate Fund or Ministers Friend.
255
Associate Institution for Protection of
Women, 106
Associated Catholic Charities, the, 321
Association for the Aid and Protection
of Dressmakers and Milliners, 162
Association for the Relief of the Poor
of the City of London and Parts
adjacent, 122
Association for the Relief of Destitu-
tion by means of Parochial and
District Visiting, 126
Associations, the Extent of Local, 444
Asthma Infirmary, for, see also Con-
sumption, 24
Asylum for Idiots, 56
Asylum for the Support and Education
of Indigent Deaf and Dumb Chil-
dren, 187
Asylum for Worthy Aged and Decayed
Freemasons, 231
Asylums (Educational) for Orphans
and others, 293
455
Bib.
%hx.
Bri.
Asylums and Almshouses IbrtheAged,
253
Australia, Bishopric of, 420
Ayres' Almshouses, 219
Badger's Almshouses, 220
Bagnigge Wells Model Buildings, 87
Bakers Company, charities in the
gift of, 193 ; Almshouses, 221
Bancroft's Almshouses, 220 ; Hospital
School, 305
Banks, see Savings Banks, 176; also
Penny Banks, 177
Baptist College, 342
Baptist Mission Society, 410 ; various
Mission Societies, 420
Baptist Union, 420
Barbers' Company, charities in the
giftof, 193
Baremere's Almshouses, 220
Barkham's, Mr., Fund for Incurable
Lunatics, 53
Baths and Washhouses, 89
Bathursts (H. A.) Plan for Children's
Hospital, 36
Bayham-street Almshouses, 227
Beaufoy's, Henry, gifts to Citv school,
350
Bedford's, Duke of, Early patronage
of British schools, 361.
Begging Letter Inquiry, Mendicity
Office, 118
Bell's. Dr., first efforts on behalf of
Education, 360 ; Munificent Be-
quest of, 362
Benefit Societies, Charitable and Pro-
vident, 247
Benefit Societies' Asylum, Metropoli-
tan, 233
Benevolent and provident institutions,
remarks upon, 272
Benevolent Institution, National, 236
Benevolent Institution, North and
East London, 241
Benevolent Repository, London, 442
Benevolent Society of Blues, 289
Benevolent Society of St Patrick, 310
Bethlehem Hospital, 52; Barkham
Fund, .53 ; the Old Hospital, note
to, 52
Bethnal-gi-een Almshouses, 220 ; Dis-
pensary, 70
Betton's Bequest for Slaves, 197
Bibles, total number of copies, or parts
of, circulated, note to, 407; Dis-
tribution on the Thames, 390;
Distribution throughout London,
388
Bible and Missionary Societies, 403
Bible Society, British and Foreign,
405; total amount expended, 404;
Auxiliaries, Number of, and Asso-
ciations, 406
Bible Society, Naval and Military, 408
Bible Society, the Trinitarian, 407
Bishop's boys,WestminsterCollege,336
Bishopries' (Colonial) Fund, 4 19
Bishops' Court Dispensary, 65
Blenheim-street Free Dispensary, 65
Blind, charities for, 179; Came's cha-
rity for, 186; Grainger's Pensions,
194 ; Hetherington s Charity, 183 ;
Jewish Persuasion, 145; Painters'
Charity to the, 185; Indigent, Vi-
siting Society, 180; employed as
organists, 183
Blind Man's Friend (the), 184
Blind, School for the Indigent, 182
Blind, Teaching the, to read, 18'J
Bloomsbury Dispensary, 64
Blue Coat School, Christ's Hospital,
331
Blue-coat School, Westminster, 318
Blues, the Benevolent Society of, 289
Bolton's (Duke of) origin of Marine
Society, 314
Book-binders' Pension Society, 274 ;
Provident Asylum Society, 274
Booksellers' Provident Institution,
271 ; Retreat, 271
Book Society for Promoting Religious
Knowledge among the Poor, 373
Boone's Almshouses, 221
Boot and Shoemakers' Provident In-
stitution, 285
Borough-road British Schools, 361 and
363
Bounty, Queen Anne's, 249
Bowerman's (Mrs.) Distribution for
Poor Widows, 332
Bowes' (Sir M.) and others, gifts to
Goldsmiths, 196
Bowvers' Company, exhibitions in the
gift of, 193
Bowver's& Strahan's gifts to Printers,
200
Brassfounders' Pension Institution,
279
Bray's (Dr.) Institution, 340
Bray (Dr.) founderof various societies,
340
Brewers' Clerks' Annuity Fund, 286
Brewers' Company, Almshouses in
trust of, 221 ; other chaiities in
the gift of, 193
Bridewell Hospital, 107; remarks on
the insertion of, 96 ; origin of, 107
Bridge-street Infii-mary for Diseases
of the Skin, 47
British and Foreign Anti-slavery So-
ciety, 434
British and Foreign Bible Society, 405
456
Can.
'Mhx.
Chel.
British and Foreign Sailors' Society,
389
British and Foreign School Society,
363; Origin of, 361
British ami Foreign Temperance So-
ciety, 92
British and Foreign Town Missionary
Society, 388
British and Foreign Unitarian Asso-
ciation, 441
British Beneficent Institution, 242
British Endeavour (the old), referred
to, 316
British Hairdressers' Benevolent and
Provident Institution, 288
British Ladies' Institution (Queen Ade-
laide), 32
British Ladies' Female Emigrant So-
ciety, 160
British Ladies' Society, 110
British Lying-in Hospital, 28
British Orphan Asylum, 298
British Penitent Female Refuge, 102
British Philanthropic Pension Soci-
ety, 240
British Reformation Society, 377
British Society for Propagating Gos-
pel among the Jews, 428
Bromley College, 214
Brompton and Belgrave Dispensary,
138
Brownlow.street Lying-in Hospital, 28
Brunswick Maritime Establishment,
138
Builders' Benevolent Institution, 288
Burlington Charity School, 319
Burton-crescent Dispensary, 66
Butchers' Almshouses, 282
Butchers' Chai-itable Institution, 281
Butchers' Company, charities in the
gift of, 193
Butler's Almshouses, 221
Byrne's Natal Emigration Scheme,158
Cabbe ll's, Mr. B. B., gift to the Fis-
tula Infirmary, 44
Caledonian Asylum, 308
Cam's, Mrs. Ann, bequest to Clergy
Orphans, 293; fund for Poor Cler-
gymen, 2ol
Camberwell Free Grammar School,337
Camden Chapel local Charities, 449
Camden Town Dispensary, 67; and
Kentish Town Almshouses, 221
Camden, 'Viscount, bequests for Exhi-
bitions, 330; bequest to Mercers,
198
Game's bequest for Clergymen's
■Widows, 194; for the Blind, 186;
for the Deaf and Dumb, 186
Camp's Almshouses, 221
Canada (Upper) Bishopric of, 420
Canada (Upper) Gospel Society's Mis-
sion to, 410
Cancer 'Ward, Middlesex Hospital, 13;
Hospital for Women, 34
Canterbmy Settlement, New Zealand,
159 ; further refeiTed to, 1 78
Cape of Good Hope, Bishopric of, 420
Cai-ey-street Dispensary, 66
Carey's, Dr., bequest to Westminster
school, 337
Caron's Almshouses, 221
Carpenters' Company, charities in
trust of the, 193
Carpenter's, John, endowment for City
school, 349
CarshaltonConvalescentInstitution,48
Cataract, see Ophthalmic Institutions.
Catholic charities (Roman), 321
Central London Ophthalmic Hospital,
41
Challoner's, Miss, Loan Fund at Tun-
bridge Wells, 172
Chandler's, the Tallow, Benevolent
Society, 288
Chandos-street Ophthalmic Hospital,
39
Chapel Building Ftmd,lhe Congrega-
tional, 382
Charingcross Hospital, 13
Charitable Fund and Dispensary, 72
Charitable and Provident Society for
the Deaf and Dumb, 187
Charitable Purposes, Society for, 442
Charitable bequests, Remarks upon,
204-5 ; form of bequest, 443
Charitable Corporation, the old, 171
Charities attached to theCongregations
of Churches, Chapels, etc., 444
Charities and Gills under the manage-
ment of the City Corporation, 190
Charity School of the whole parish of
St.-Marylebone, 320
Charity Schools, Anniversary of the
Patrons of, 317
Charity schools referred to, 316
Charlotte-street General Ljring-in and
Sick Dispensary, 33; Provident
Dispensary, 63
Charter-house, the, 209; Memoirofthe
founder, 210; referred to as a
Foundation school, 337
Charter-house square Infirmary, 44
Cheesemongers' Benevolent Institu-
tion, 282
Chelsea Royal Hospital, 215; Mili-
tary school, 302
Chelsea Parochial Distribution, 202
Chelsea, Brompton, and Belgrave Dis-
pensary, 77
Cheltenham School of Industry refer-
457
Chu.
^nki.
Coa.
red to, 298 ; Training School re-
ferred to, 369
Chest, Diseases of the (see " Spine",
" Consumption").
Children, Royal Infirmary for, 35;
contemplated Hospital for, S-'i
Cholera Orphans, see note to Infant
Orphans, 301; Home for, 302
Cholmley, Sir Roger's, foundation for
Grammar school, 335
Cholmondley Trust, the, 201
Choral Fund, 5:63
Christ's Hospital, 331-3 ; errata for Gre-
cians, (12 not 16); Qualification
of Governor, see errata ; Privilege
of Lord Mayor and Aldermen,
see errata; and in page 333, dele
" and Mr. F. W. Goldsmith", and
insert writing-masters Messrs.
Griggs and Bowker, (omitted).
Christ's Hospital, Hetherington's cha-
rity, 183 ; Benevolent Society of
Blues, 289
Christian Association for Toung Men,
401
Christian Influence Society, 376
Christian Union Almshouses, 231
Christian Female Servants' Registry,
165
Christian Instruction, Societyfor pro-
moting, 387
Christian Knowledge, Promotion of
identified with National Educa-
tion, 355
Christian Knowledge, Society for the
Promotion of, 371 ; annual issues
of, 373
Church Brief (old) superseded, 267
Church Education, see chapter xvi ;
for Ireland, 422
Church extension fund, 381
Church Missionary Society, 412; its
auxiliaries, 413 ; total income, 404;
Church of England Young Men's
Society for, 40l
Church Pastoral Aid, 383 ; Church of
England's Yotmg Men's Society
for, 401
Church and Chapel collections, ex-
amples of, 444
Churches and Chapels, Commissi-
oners for building additional, 380;
Metropolitan Fund, 381 ; Incor-
porated Church and Chapel Soci-
ety, 379; Number of districts re.
quiring new, 382; Parliamentary
Return of the buUding of, 380;
Southwark fund fur, 383
Church of England Society Propa-
gating Christian Education in
Syria, 430
Church of England Metropolitan
Training Institution,368
Church of England Scripture Readers'
Association, 385
Church of England Sunday School
Institute, 399
Church of England Village Institu-
tion, Plan for, 150
Church of England Young Men's So-
ciety, 400
Church of Scotland Foreign Missions,
416
City Dispensary, 73 ; Western, 75
City General Pension Society, 238
City Kitchen, the, 122
City Lying-in Hospital, 28
City Mission, London, 388 ; first Rag-
ged school, of, 391
City Truss Society, 45
City School, the, 349
City of London companies, list of, 191;
aggregate value of charitable gifts,
193
City of London and East London Dis-
pensary, 73
City of London Hospital for Diseases
of the Chest, 25
City of London School, 349 ; Ditto for
Orphans, 350
Civilization Societies, 437
Clergy, Anniversary Festival of the
Sons of, 250 ; Corporation of the
Sons of the, 250; Ori^han and
Widow Corporation, 249 ; Orphan
Society, Incorporated, 293; Ap-
prenticing Fund, 294 ; amount col-
lected for Orphan School, at St.
Paul's, 318
Clergy Widows, Bromley college for,
214 ; Game's bequest to, 194 ; the
London Widows' Fund, 252
Clergymen, (see also Dissenting Mi-
nisters) Ashton charities for relief
of, 253 ; Cholmondeley trust, 202 ;
Stock's distribution, 199; Por-
teus' Annual Donation, 253 ; So-
ciety for the Relief of Poor Pious,
251 ; Fund of the Church of Eng-
land Fire Assurance, 254
Clerical aid fund, 383
Clerical Education aid Fund, 386
Clerks, see Brewers' clerks, 286
Clerks' Mutual Benefit Association,
269 ; Society, United Law, 269
Clockmakers' Company, charities in
the gift of, 193
Cloth workers' Company, Charities in
the gift of, 193 ; Almshouses, 226
Club Foot and other Contractions,
Hospital for, 42 ; method of treat-
ment, 42
458
Con.
Coach Proprietors' Provident fund
286
Cochrane's (Mr.) Soup Kitchen, 123;
Poor Man's Friend Society, 149
Coke (Rev. Thomas) amongst the first
founders of Wesleyan Missions,
414
Colet's (Dean) endowmentof St. Paul's
Sch0(jl, 328 ; testimony of Eras-
mus to the character of, 3i8; rea-
sons in appointment of trustees,
329
Colleges for the Aged, 207
Collegiate Establishments for Educa-
tion, 325 ; modern ditto, 341
Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum, 55
Colonial Bishopric fund ,419 ; contri-
buted to by Christian Knowledge
society, 373 ;
Colonial Church Society, 418; Church
of England young men's society
for, 401
Colonial Missions of the Gospel So-
ciety, 410; Colonial Mission So-
ciety (Congregational), 422
Colonial Land and Emigration board,
(note) 153
Colonization and Emigi-ation, 152
Colonization School fund, 155
Commercial Travellers' Society, 285 ;
Necessitous Institution, 285 ;
School, 313
Commercial Schools, Metropolitan In-
stitution for the Institution of,
442
Committee of Council on Education,
358; comprehensiveness of plans,
357
Commissioners under the Act 58 Geo-
III, c. 45, for BuUdiug additional
Churches, 380
Companies of the City of London, list
of, 191
Congregational Board of Education,
371; Chapel Building fund, 382;
Colleges, 341 ; fund Board, 421 ;
Normal Schools, 371 _
Congregational School, 351
Congregational Union, 421
Congregational collections, examples
of, 444
Consumption and Diseases of the
Chest, Hospital for, 23 ; Infirma-
ries and Dispensaries for, 24;
West London Institution for, 442
Consumptive Patients, decrease of
deaths of, 23
Continental Missionary Society, 416
Convalescent Institution, tlie Metro-
politan, 48; Loss of large legacy,
49
:Sniifx.
Def,
Cooks' Almshouses, 221
Cooks' Company, charities in the gift
of, 194
Coopers' Company, charities in the
gilt of, 194 ; Almshouses, 221
Coram, (Capt. Tliomas), founder of
FoundJing Hospital, 90
Cordwainers' charitj- to the Blind, 186;
charities in the gift of, 194
Cork-street Eye Infirmary, 39
Cottage Allotment System referred to,
151
Cottage, the school society, 396
Cotterell's Almshouses, 222
Council, Committee of, on Education,
358
County Benefit societies, 169
Coventry (Thomas) charity to the
Blind, 183
Covent-garden Theatrical Fund, 276
Coward college, 341
Craven Chapel, Summary of the Cha-
rities of, 449
Crime and Criminals, chapter on, 95
Cruelty to animals, Martin's act for
prevention of, 86 ; Boyal Society
for, 86
Criminals, Institutions for the Refor-
mation of, 107 ; Philanthropic So-
ciety for tlie Children of, 109
Cumberland Benevolent Institution,
245
Curates, Society for Promoting the
Employment of Additional, 384
Cure's Almshouses, 221
Cure's (Thomas) foundation of St. Sa-
viour's School, 334
Currier's Company, charities in the
gift of, 194
Curriers' Benevolent Institution, 289
Curtis's Ear dispensary, 41
Cutlers' Company, charities in the gift
of, 194; Almshouses, 221
Dacee's (Lady) Emanuel College, 208
Dancer' .s Provident society, 277
Davis's Almshouses, 222
Day's charity to the Blind, 184
Deaf and Dumb, charities for, 179;
earlv instances of the treatment
of, 187; Game's charity to, 186;
Charitable and Provident Society,
188
Deaf ChiIdren,Asylimj for the Support
and Education of, 187
Deaf, Institution for the Employment
and Religious Instruction of the
Adult, 189
Deaf, Royal Dispensary for the, 41
Debtors' Relief society, 136
Defunct Societies, list of, 448
459
Dom.
%nhx.
Degrees to Students, London Univer-
sity for granting, 346
Destitute Females, Eoyal Asylum for,
112; the Eeluge for the Destitute,
111
Destitute, Homes for the, 119
Destitute, Sailors' Asylum, 137
Destitution and Distress, charities for
relief of, 115
Dickenson's Marriage portions, 168
Dixon (Mr. H.) on the prisons of
London, referred to, 96
Diocesan Board of Education referred
to, 364
Diseases of the Chest, medical chari-
ties for, 24
Diseases of Children, Infirmaries and
contemplated Hospital for, 35
Diseases of the Ear, Dispensaries for,
41
Diseases of the Eye, see Ophthalmic
Institutions
Diseases of the Skin, Infirmaries and
Dispensaries for, 47; West Lon-
don Free Dispensary for, 442;
Dispensary forEingworm, 442
Diseases of Women, Hospital for, 34
Diseases of the Kectum, Infirmary for,
44
Diseases and Distortions of the Spine,
Chest, Hips, etc., Institution for,43
Dispensaries, general remarks respect-
ing, 61 ; statistics of, 62 ; the first
established, 61 ; testimony to their
value, 61
Dispensaries for General Purposes, 62
Dispensaries for Special Purposes, 24
Dissenters' Library, 340
Dissenters' new coUege, 341
Dissenting Ministers' Evangelical
Magazine, Fund for the Widows
of, 265; Friend, the, 255; Protes-
tant Union for, 255; Society for
the Reliefof DistressedWidows of,
254; Society for the Relief of the
Aged and Infirm Protestant, 255
Distress, Societies for diminishing, 148
Distressed, Societies for the relief of
the, 115
Distressed, Visiting societies for relief
of the, 125 ; remarks upon, 117
District Visiting, examples of local so-
cieties, 128; Associations, value
of, 117; General Society for Pro-
moting, 126; the Association for
promoting, 126; local societies,
127; societies for religious pur-
poses only, 385 and 387
Domestic Mission, the, 387
Domestic Servants, number of in the
metropolis, 166; general benevo-
Emi.
lent institution, (see also ser-
vants), 167
Drapers' Company, charities in the
gift of, 194; Almshouses under
the management of, 222
Dreadnought Hospital, 20
Dressmakers and Milliners', associa-
for the aid of, 162; provident in-
stitution, 162
Di-ury-lane Theatrical fund, 276
Dulwich College, 212; Gallery, 213;
Almshouses, 221
Dukinfield's (Sir Henry) public baths
act, 90
Dutch Almshouses, 222
Dulwich Gallery, 213
Dyers' Company, charities in the gift
of, 195 ; Almshouses, 222
Eae, Eoyal Dispensary for Diseases
of the, 41
Ear and Eye Infirmary, the Metropo-
litan, 41
Early Closing Association, 91
East India Almshouses, 222
East London Genereil Pension Society,
238
East London Pension Society, 239
East London Irish schools, 321
EastLondon Model Lodging house,I19
Eastern Dispensary, 70
Eclectic Society, the, referred to,412
Edmondson's Almshouses, 222
Education, Committee of Council on,
358; Congregational Board of, 371;
London Diocesan Board of, 370;
Irish Societies, 422; see also Na-
tional; first introduction of teach-
ing into England, 326; the influ-
ence of the Reformation upon,327;
Bell and Lancaster's system. 360 ;
amoimt of parliamentary vote for,
358; statistics of Metropolitan
Church schools, 365
Educational charities, 291 ; orphan
asylums, 293; general asvlimas,
304; Clerical aid Fund, 386; So-
cieties and Boards, 357
Educational Foundations, 325 ; cause
of presentprosperity,note to, 327;
summary of in London, 328
Edwards' Almshouses, 223
Electric and Galvanic Institution, 422
Elizabeth's (Queen) college, 208
Emanuel College, 209 ; Hospital
School, 210
Embroiderers' Company, charities in
the gift of, 195
Emigrant Female Fund, 159 ; Ladies'
Female Society, 160 ; Ragged
School Fund, 396
460
Fie.
Mn.
Emigration, various schemes for, 152;
Rate Act, 155; statistics respect-
ing, 166
Emigration Society, National Benevo-
lent, the, 157
Emigration to Natal, 158; New Zea-
land, 159 and 178
Emigration School Fund, 155
Endell-street Lying-in Hospital, 28
Endowed Charities, general remarks
upon, 204; one cause of present
prosperity of, 327
Endowments and Trusts, the, of City
companies, 190
English Monthly Tract Society, 375
Establishment for Gentlewomen dur-
ing lUness, 60
Eton Benevolent Fund, 289
European Missionary Society, 416
Evangelical Alliance, the, 432
Evangelical Magazine Fund, 255
Evangelical Voluntary Church Asso-
ciation, 442
Eye (see Ophthalmic institutions).
Farringdon General Dispensary, 74
Fellowes' Charity for apprenticing
poor children, 195
Feltmakers' Company, charities in the
gift of, 195
Female Aid Society, 103
Female Education in the East, 415
Female Emigration Fund, 159 ; Emi-
grant Society, 160
Female Inva]ids,Home for Confirmed,
49 ; Asylum, 48
Females, London Society for the Pro-
tection of Young, 103 ; South Lon-
don Institute, 106
Female Mission, London (the late),195
Female Orphan Asylum, 294; (see
also Orphan Asylums.)
Female Penitents, societies for, 294;
Penitentiary, London, 101 ; St.
Marylebone, 105 ; British Refuge,
the, 102
Female Penitentiaries, present accom-
modation of, 96
Female population, statistics of, 159
Female Prisoners, Refuge for, 110;
Ladies' Society for the Reforma-
tion of, 110
Female Servants' Home Society, 163 ;
National Guardian Institution for,
164; Provisional Protection, So-
ciety for, 164 (see also Servants) ;
Home, and Registry for, 104 ; the
Christian Register for, 165; St.
John's School, for training of, 307
Fever Hospital, London, 22
Field -lane Ragged School, 394
Fru.
Fielding's (Sir John) Establishment
for Orphan Girls, 294; original
plan for Marine Society, 314
Fine Arts, Dealers in, Benevolent In-
stitution, 273
Finsbury Dispensary, 72
Finsbury and Shoreditoh Benevolent
Institution, 241
Fire, Royal Society for the Protection
of Life from, 84
Fire Escapes, Public, summary of
usefulness of, in London, 85
Fisher's Almshouses, 228
Fishermen (shipwrecked) and Mari-
ners' Benevolent Society, 139
Fishmongers' Company, charities in
the gift of, 195 ; Almshouses, 223
Fishmongers' and Poulterers' Institu.
tion, 282
Fistula Infirmary, the, 44
Flaherty's and Andrews' scholarships,
the, 343
Floating Church Society, London
Episcopal, 390
Flood's Charitable Distribution, 202
Food and shelter, institutions for
affording, 115
Fore-street Dispensary, 72
Foreign Aid Society, 416
Foreigners in Distress, Society of
Friends of, 141
Form of charitable bequest, 442
Fothergill's (Dr.) connexion with the
Humane Society, 83
Focmdling Hospital, 96; chapel of,
note to, 97 ; estates, value of, 97 ;
Benevolent Fund, 290
Founders' Charitable Fund, 195
Fox's (Mr. J. W.) Education BUI, re-
ferred to, 357
Framework Knitters, jharities in the
gift of, 195 ; Almshouses, 223
France, Temporary Fund for British
Workpeople, 439
Frederick Town, Bishopric of, 420
Free Dispensary, Blenheim-street, 64
Free Hospital, the Royal, 14
Free Hospital for Women and Chil-
dren, 34
Freemasons (see Masons).
Free Watermen and Lightermen's
Almshouses, 233
French Benevolent Society, 143 ;
Protestant School, 307 ; Protestant
Almshouses, 223; Hospital for
Protestants, 141
Friend in Need Society, 131
Friendly Female Society, 243
Friendly Loan Society (the late), 171
Frugality Banks,original designation
of, 175
461
Gro.
^nhx.
Hoi.
Fry (Mrs. Elizabeth) memorial to,112
Fuller's Almshouses, 223
Furniture Brokers' Benevolent Insti-
tution, 280
Gabdenebs' Benevolent Institution,
289
Gat«s of Hope, and other charity
schools, 322
General Domestic Servants' Benevo-
lent Institution, 167
General Post Office Sub-sorters' Pen-
sion Institution, 286
General Society for Promoting District
Visiting, 126
General Theatrical Fund Association,
276
Gent's, Egbert, Almshouses, 222
German Evangelical Mission, 431 ;
Hospital, 21; Sanatorium, 22;
Convalescent Fund, 22; Society
of Benevolence, 143 ; School, 321
Girdlers' Company, Almshouses of
the, 223; charities in the gift of,
196
Gibraltar Bishopric, 420
Glandular Diseases, Institution for
the cure and relief of, 46
Glass-sellers' Company, charities in
the gift of, 196
Glaziers Company, charities in the
gift of, 196
Gold and Silver Wire Drawers' Com-
pany, charities in the gift of, 196
Goldsmiths' Benevolent Institution,
276
Goldsmiths' Company, charities in the
gift of, 196 ; Almshouses, 223
Governesses' Benevolent Society, 260 ;
Asylum, 261 ; Home, 260 ; Queen's
College, 347; Temporal^ Resi-
dence for, 264
Graham's Almshouses, 224
Grainger, Bequest to the Blind, 194
Grammar Schools, 325 ; ancient date
of, 316 ; further referred to, 326 ;
list of nominal, 338
Grant's, Lady, Bequest to Clergy Or-
phans, 293
Greenwich, Royal Hospital, 215;
Royal Hospital Schools, 315
Green Coat Hospital, 318
Gresham Almshouses, 224 ; College
Lectures, 339
Gresham's, Sir Thomas, Agreement
for Mercers' School, 330; Holt
Grammar School, 195 ; various
bequests, 198
Grey Coat Hospital, 319
Grocers' Company, charities in the
gift of, 196
Grocers' and Tea-dealers' Benevolent
Protection Society, 281
Guardian Society, 101
Guy* s Hospital, 9 ; origin of fortune
of founder, 200; his bequest for
Hospital, 9; and bequest to Sta-
tioners, 200; Hunt's bequest to
Hospital, 9
Haberdashebs" Benevolent Institu-
tion, 284
Haberdashers' Company, charities in
the gift of, 197; Almshouses, 224
Hackney Refuge for Destitute, lU
Hair-dressers' Benevolent, 288
Hand-in-Hand Charitable, 145
Hans Town School of Industry, 306
Hanway's, Jonas, commencement of
Marine Society, 314
HanweU Pauper Lunatic Asylum, 45
Harris's Bequest to the Blind, 183
Harrison's Spinal Institution, 44
Harwar's Almshouses, 224
Hasilwood's Foimdation for Alms-
houses, 225
Hatton's, Lady, bequests referred to,
219
Hawes and Cogan, Drs., early promo-
ters of the Royal Humane Society,
83
Hay, Atte, gifts to Goldsmiths', 196
Heath's Almshouses, 224
Heather's Trust, 193
Herefordshire Society, 169
Hernia, societies for relief of, 45
Herve, Peter, foundation of National
Benevolent Institution, 236
Hetherington's benefactions to Brom-
ley College, 214; (Rev. William)
Charily to the Blind, 183
Hibernian Societies (see Ireland)
Hickson's Grammar School, 338
Highbury College, 341 ; change of oc-
cupancy of, 368
Highgate Grammar School, 335
Highland Society of London referred
to, 309
Highland School Society, Royal, 426
Hill's, Richard, foundation for Alms-
houses, 226 ; gift to Merchant
Tailors' School, 333
Hill's, Rev. R., Almshouses, 229
Hill s, Henry, Almshouses, 224
Hillier's Almshouses, 225
Hinton's Almshouses, 225
Holditch's Bequests for Apprenticing,
332
Holies' Almshouses, 225
HoUoway School Fund, the 344
HoUoway and North Islington Dis-
pensary, 68
462
Ind.
Mkt
Jen.
Holy Scripture essential in education,
357
Home and Registry for female ser-
vants, 104; Home for friendless
young females, 104; for penitent
females, 104
Home and Colonial Infant School
Society, 367
Home forconfirmed Female Invalids,
49
Home Missionary, 421
Homerton College, 341
Homily Society, Prayer-book and, 377
Homoeopathic Dispensaries, 79
Hong Kong, Bishopric of, 420; contri-
buted to by Christian Knowledge
Society, 372
Hopton's Alnshouses, 225
Hospitals, General Medical, 5 ; Sisters
and Nurses, for, 57; Lying-in,
28; for Women, 34; Bridewell,
107 ; Chelsea, 215 ; Christ's, 331 ;
Greenwich, 215
Hospital, Magdalen, 100
Hospital for Consumption, 23
Hospital for Poor French Protestants,
141
Hospital for Sick and Diseased Sea-
men, 28
Hospitals and Asylums for Relief of
the Aged and Distressed, 203
Hotel and Tavern-keepers' Provident
Institution, 283
House of Charity for distressed per-
sons, 120
House of Occupation, Bridewell Hos-
pital, 107
Houseless (see Distressed), societies
for the, 117; Nightly Shelter for
the, 119; West-end Refuge, 119
Howell's Marriage Portions, 194
Hoxton Refuge for Destitute, 111
Humane Societies, the, 81 ; Royal, 82 ;
the Medal of, 83
Hunt, Mr., of Petersham, bequest to
Guy's Hospital, 9
Idiots, Asylum for, 56 (see also Lu-
nacy).
Immoral books, suppression of, 93;
their influence, 94
Improvement of Dwellings, society
for, 87
Imprisoned for Small Debts, Society
for the Relief of persons, 136 ;
Philanthropic Society for the Re
lief of persons, 136
Incurable Patients, Westminster Hos-
pital Fund, 8; Bethlem Hospital,
53; note respecting a society for,13
Indigent blind, School for, 184
Indigent Blind "\^isiting Society, 180
Industrial Home for indigent gentle-
women, 262
Industrious classes. Societies for aid-
ing the resources of, 161 ; improve-
ment of dwellings of, 87
Infant Orphans' Asylum, 299 ; extra
election foi', 300 ; new Asylum for,
301
Infant School Society, Home and Co-
lonial, 367
Infant School, Spanish and Portu-
guese, 323
Infidel Lectures, Suppression of, 93
Infirmaries, 19
Innholders' Company, charities in the
gift of, 197
Inoculation first practised in England,
36
Inspectors of Schools, Her Majesty's,
359
Invalid Ladies' Establishment, 50
Invalid Asylum for respectable females
in London and its vicinity, 48
Invalids, Home for confinned Female,
49
Iphigene, as a Cholera Hospital for
seamen, 21
Ireland, Ladies' Hibernian Female
School Society for. 423 ; London
Hibernian, 422; Religious Tract,
424; Scripture-Readers' Society
for, 424 ; Sunday School Society
for. 423 ; Government grant for
education, 358
Irish Amelioration Society,
Irish Charitable Society (the old) re-
ferred to, 310
Irish children, St. Patrick's School
for, 310; East London schools, 421
Irish Church Missions, 425
Irish Distress, Temporary Fund for,
438; Special Fund for, 425
Irish Loan Funds 172 (see silso errata).
Irish EvangeliciU Society, 422
Irish Society of London, 425
Iron, Hardware, and Metal Trades'
Pension Society, 279
Ironmongers' Company Almshouses,
225; charities in tiie gift of, 197-8
Islington Dispensary, 67
Islington Almshouses, 222
Islington, North, and HoUoway Dis-
pensaiy, 68
Islington Protestant Institute, 378
Islington Proprietai-y School, 349
Jeffery's Almshouses, 225
Jennerian (Royal) Institution, 37
Jenner s. Dr., first work on 'Vaccina-
tion, 36
463
Infei.
Lab.
Jewesses, Ladies' Society for promot-
ing Education among the,429
Jewish Boys' West Metropolitan
School, 3-24; Western Institution
for Educating, 324
Jewish Converts Institution, Opera-
tive,428
JewishGirls' Western Free School, 323;
Juvenile Benevolent Association
for clothing poor, 147
Jewish Institution for the Relief of the
Indigent Blind, 145
Jewish Ladies' Benevolent Society,
145
Jewish (Western) Philanthropic and
Pension Society, 145
Jews' Hospital, 144 ; the Spanish and
Portuguese ditto, 2 1
Jews' Miscellaneous Relief Societies,
for food, clothing, and pensions,
147; Philanthropic Society lor
Widows, 140; Hand-iu-Hand cha-
ritable, 145
Jews, British Society for Propagation
of the Gospel, 428 ; London Soci-
ety for promoting Christianity,
427; Society for promoting Indus-
try amongst the, 430
Jews' charity schools, Spanish and
Portuguese, 322 ; Free School, 323;
Orphan Asylum, 322
Job and Post Masters' Provident
Fund, 286
Jones, Dr., Gynepathic Institution, 34
Jones s Lectureship, 197
Journeymen Tailors, Benevolent In-
stitution for Relief of, 283
Jubilee Fund, Church Missionary So-
ciety, 413
Judd's, Sir Andrew, Endowment of
Tonbridge school, 327
Judd's Almshouses. 225
Loa.
Katharine's, St, Hospital, 205
Kensington Dispensary, 7s
Kent (Royal) Dispensary, 70
Kentish "Town Almshouses, 221
King's College, 344; Hospital, 15;
School, 346
King' s-sti-eet Dispensary (St George's,
&c.), 64
Kmloch Bequest, 140
Kueller Hall, 358-9
Kneseworth's, Sir Thomas, Bequests
for Exhibitions, 195
Labourers' Friend Societ,',87; refer-
red to, 151
Labourers' Relief Emigration Com-
mittee, 153
Labouring Classes, Society for Im-
proving, 86
Ladies' Charity School, 306
Ladies' Hibernian Female School So-
ciety, 423
Ladies, Industrial Home for, 262
Ladies' Invalid Establishment, .*>0
Ladies' Society for Education of Negro
ChUdren, 418
Ladies' Society for Jewish Females,
145
Lambeth Lying-in Hospital, 31 ; Pen-
sion Society, 239
Lame Painters, Stock's charity for, 186
Lancaster's (Joseph) Foundation of
the British Society, 361 ; memoir
of, 362 ; poverty and distress of
the last days of, 362
Lanesborough House for Hospital, 11
Lascar Benevolent Institution, 442
Law Association, 268
Law Clerks' Society, United, 269
Law Writers' Provident Institution,
269
Leathersellers' Company, almshouses
in trust of, 225 ; charities in the
gift of, 198
Leicester-square Soup Kitchen, 123
L'Epee's (the Abbe) treatment of the
Deaf and Dumb, 187
Letter-carriers' Pension Institution,
2ti6
Lewisham Congregational School, 351
Licensed Victuallers' Asylum, 229;
Pei-manent Fundof,283; School,
313; cost referred to, 283
Life, societies for the preservation of,81
Lily, (William). First head-master of
St Paul's, 329
Lind (Mademoiselle) benefactions to
the Consumptive Hospital, 24
Linen Drapers' Institution, 284
Linusarian Benevolent Loan Society
the, 172; referred to, 147 '
Literary Association of the Friends of
Poland, 143
Literaiy Fund, the Royal, 256
Lithotriptic Fund, Westminster Hos-
pital, 8
Livery Stable Keepers' Provident
Fund, 286
Lloyd s Patriotic Fund, the 201
Loan societie.-i, 173 ; loans referred to,
167 ; need of a Christian Society,
170; evils and failures of existing
societies, 171 ; general summary
of, 173 ; Arneway s cliarity, 167 ;
Linusarian Fund, the, 172
Loan Funds in Ireland, 172; error
corrected in table, see errata ; in
Kent and Sussex, 172
464
Lua.
^iikr.
Local charities, examples of, 444
Lock Hospital, Asylum, and Chapel,
98; referred to, 46; derivation of
its naine,98; Duke of Ccimhridge's
appeal on behalf of, 95
Lodging Houses for the Poor, 87, 119;
see also Samaritan Society, 121
London Aged Christian Society, 244
Loudon Almshouses, Institution of
the, 232
London Benerolent Eepository, 442
London City Mission, 388
London (City) School for Orphan Free-
men, 350
London Clergy Widow Fund, 252
London Diocesan Board of Education,
370
London Dispensaiy, 72
London Domestic Mission Society,387
Loudon Female Mission, 103
London Female Penitentiary, 101
London Fever Hospital, 22
London Hibernian Society, 422
London Homoeopathic Medical Insti-
tution, 79
London Hospital, 1 1 ; Samaritan So-
ciety, 11
London Infirmary for Diseases of the
Skin, 47
London Itinerant Society, 442
London Lying-in Hospital, 28
London Maritime Institution, 267
London Missionary Society, 41 1
London Orphan Asylum, 297
London Penny Bank, the, 177
London Philanthropic Society, 124
Loudon Society for Improvement of
Female Servants (old title), 163
London Society for promoting Chris-
tianity amongst the Jews, 427 ;
Church of England Young Men's
Society, for, 401
London Society for teaching the Blind
to Read, 181
London Society for the Protection of
Young Females, 193
London Stone Visiting Society, 130
London University, 346 ; original
charter of, 346
London Vaccine Institution, 37
Lord's Day Society, the, 375
Lucas' (Alderman) Endowment for
Almshouses, 234
Lumley's Almshouses, 225
Lunatics, house for, Guy's Hospital , 9 ;
public hospitals for, 51 ; Bethle-
hem Hospital, for, 52: Queen
Adelaide's fund for, 55 ; Hanwell
Asylum for, 64 ; new county asy-
lum at Colney Hatch, 65; St.
Luke's Hospital for, 53
Med.
Lunatics and idiots in England, statis-
tics of (see also idiots), 61; re-
turns of Metropolitan Commis-
sioners, 51 ; statutes regarding the
care of, 61
Lunatics', the Alleged, Friend Society.
56
Lying-in Hospitals, 28 ; Visiting cha-
rities, 33.130
Machine Rulers' Pension Society,
274
Madeira Sanatorium, 26
Madras System of Education, intro-
duced by Dr. Bell, 360
Magdalen Hospital,100; chapel (note),
100
Manor House, Dalston, 111
Margate Infirmary, 26
Mai'ine Society, 314
Mariners' Friend Society, the, 389
Mariners', Master, Benevolent Soci-
ety, 267
Maritime Institution, London, 267;
asylum, 267
Marriage portion funds referred to,
167; Howell's bequest, 194; Dick-
enson's, 168; Raine's,306
Marsden (Dr.) founder of Free Hos-
pital, 14
Marylebone (see also St Marylebone)
Almshouses, 232
Marylebone and Paddington Hospital,
14; General Dispensary, 62; Pro-
vident Dispensary, 63
Masonic Institution for Boys, 312;
Provident Society, 246; (Royal)
Benevolent Fund, 245; Asylum,
231 ; School for Female Children,
312
Master Bakers' School, 442
Master Boot and Shoemakers' Provi-
dent and Benevolent Institution,
285
Master Mariners' Benevolent Society,
267
Maternity (Royal) Charity, 29
Maternity charities, origin of, 28 ; ge-
neral character of, 33
Maundy Gifts, the, 202
Mayhew on Ragged Schools referred
to, 392
Medical Army Benevolent Societies,
264
Medical Hospitals, extent of accom-
modation, 2; simimary of, 4; sis-
ters and nurses for, 57; charities
for special purposes, 19
Medical Men, Society for Widows and
Orphans of, 270 ; Benevolent So-
ciety, the old, referrea to, 270
465
Mil.
Snki.
Medical Naval Supplemental Fund,
268
Megg's Almshouses, 225
Melbourne, Bishopric of, 420
Melbourne's Almshouses, 225
Mendicity, Society for suppression of,
118 ; general character of, 116
Mercers' Company, Almshouses in
trust of, 225 ; charities in the gift
of, 198; Grammar school, 330;
Dean Colet's reasons for appoint-
ment of, as trustees of St. Paul's
school, 329
Merchant Seamen's Corporation, 265;
Projected measure before Parlia-
ment, 266 ; Orphan Asylum, 303
Merchant Tailors' Company, Alms-
houses in trust of, 226 ; charities
in the gift of, 198 ; School, 330 ;
University Exhibitions, extent of,
334
Metropolis Churches' Fimd, 381
Metropolitan Benefit Societies' Asy-
lum, 233
Metropolitan Association for Improv-
ing the Dwellings of the Poor, 88
Metropolitan Convalescent Institu -
tion, 48
Metropolitan Destitution, 115
Metropolitan Dispensary (Fore-street),
72
Metropolitan Early Closing Associa-
tion, 91
Metropolitan Eye and Ear Infirmary,
41
Metropolitan Free Hospital, 66
Metropolitan Institution for Commer-
cial Schools, 442
Metropolitan Omnibus Servants'
Friendly Society, 287
Metropolitan Sanitary Association, 88
Mico's Almshouses, 225
Mico's (Lady) Charity, 417
Middlesex Hospital, 12; Cancer Ward,
13
Middlesex Society for Educating Poor
children, 320
Middlesex Dispensary (title altered),
32
Middleton (Sir Hugh), gifts to Gold-
smiths, 196
Middleton, Lady, and others, gifts to
Grocers, 197
Military Asylum for Orphans, Royal
(see Army, Soldiers , Royal Hos-
pital), 302
Militai-y Department to King's College,
345
Millbank Prison (note on), 109
Milliners' , Association for the Aid of,
162 ; Provident Institution, 162
Nat.
Ministers' Friend, or Associate Fund,
255
Miscellaneous charities, 432
Mission cause, the, 404; feebleness
of its agencies, 405 ; total amount
expended in English Missions,
404 ; a general summary of their
extent,405 ; notice of some founded
by the Christian Knowledge Soci-
ety, 372
Mission, London City, 388
Mission Society, British and Foreign
Town, 388
Missionary Society, the, 411; Church,
412; Home, 421; Colonial, 418;
Gospel, 409 ; Baptist, 410 ; Mora-
vian, 414 ; Church of Scotland,
416; Free Church of Scotland's,
416; Wesleyan,4l4; West Indian,
417; Gei-man, 431; Jewish, 427;
Syrian, 430 ; Mission Schools (the
London), 411; Institution at Is-
lington (Church Missionary), 412
Model Buildings, Bagnigge Wells, 87
Model Lodging House, East London,
119; St. GUes',87; for famUies,87
Monox, George, Almshouses, 226
Montague's, Lady, introduction of Ino-
culation, 36
Morden College, 217
Morals, Societies for the Preservation
of Public, 81
Moravian Mission Society, 414
Morning Advertiser's Fund, 283
Morrice's, Lady, E ndowment for Alms-
houses, 220
Moses', Mr. Seijeant, Exhibitions at-
tached to Christ's Hospital, 332
Mosse's, Dr., origination of Lying-in
charities, 28
Mothers' and Infants' Friend Society,
131
Mount St. Bernard Hospice, 123
Murray, Dr., originator of Foreigners'
Relief Society, 141
Music, Royal Academy of, 351
Musicians of Great Britain, Royal So-
ciety of, 263 ; (Female), Royal
Society of, 264 ,- Choral Fund for,
263
Natal Emigration Fund, 158
National Benevolent Emigration So-
ciety, 157
National Benevolent Institution, 236
National Guardian Institution, 164
National Education, tlie subject of,
355 ; various Institutions for pro-
moting it, 357-8 ; Parliamentary
Grant for 1849, 358
National Society, 364 ; origin of, 360
30
466
Oph.
^nhx.
Par.
special fund for manufacturing
districts, 366 ; statistics of Meti-o-
politan schools in connexion with,
365; central schools, 366; train-
ing establishments, 366
National schools, Middlesex Society,
320
National Temperance Society, 91
National Friendly Society referred to,
442
National Truss Society, 44
National Vaccine Establishment, 37
Naval (see sailor, seamen).
Naval Annuitant Society, Royal, 265 ;
Benevolent Society, Koyal, 265 ;
Medical Supplemental Fund So-
ciety, 268 ; Royal Hospital, Green-
wich, 315 ; Seamen s Hospital
Society, 20 ; School, Royal, 352 ;
School, Royal (Female), 353
Naval and Military Bible Society, 108
Navy Asylum, Royal, 315 ; Captains'
Widows' Fund, &c., 315
Needle Women's Society, 161
Negroes, Societies for the conversion
of, 416 to 418 ; civilization of, 435
Neil's, John, ancient petition for a
grammar school, 317
Newberry's Almshouses, 227
New College, St. John's Wood, 341
New South Wales, Bishopric of, 420
New Zealand, Bishopric of, 420;
Bishop Selwyn referred to, 159
New Zealand, Emigration to, 159 and
178
Newfoundland Society for Educating
the Poor, 417
Newman-street lying in Institution,32
Newspaper Press Benevolent Fund,
274
Newsvenders' Benevolent and Provi-
dent Institution, 275
Nicholas's Almshouses, 226
Niglitly shelters to the houseless, 119
Norfolk College, 211
North and East London Benevolent
Institution, 241
North London Ophthalmic Institution,
40
Northern Dispensary, 67
Nurses, Training Institution for, 58
Nursing Sisters, the Institution of, 58
Ogle (Mrs.) andVerral's Spine Insti-
tution, 43
Omnibus Servants' Provident Society,
287
Omychimd's Bequest to Magdalen and
Foundling Hospitals, 100
Operative Jewish Converts' Institu-
tion, 429
Ophthalmic Institutions, 38; Royal
London Hospital, 38 ; Royal West-
minster Hospital,39; the Central
London, 41 ; Royal Infirmary for,
39 ; North London, 40
Organ Builders' Benevolent Institu-
tion, 277
Orphan and other necessitous chil-
dren, schools for, 304; general
summary of ,292; average expense
of maintaining children, 297
Orphan Asylums, Adult Institution,
298 ; British, 298 ; Clergv Society,
293; Female, 294; Infant, 299;
New Infant, 301 ; Jews ', 322 ; Lon-
don, 297; Chelsea Asylum, for
Military Orphans, 302 ; Merchant
seamen s,303; girls', Sailors', 304;
home, Sailors' female, 304
Orphans, Agricultural school for, 302;
Cholera Home, 302; Female,
Bayswater School, 295; Female
School of Industry, 295 ; of Free-
men, City School for, 350 ; Or-
phan Working School, 295
Orthopedic Hospital, Royal, 42
Orthoponic Institution, 42
Oswald's, Mrs., Bequest to Clergy Or-
phans, 293
Overman's Almshouses, 226
Owen's (Lady Alice) Almshouses, 226;
School, 338
Packington's Almshouses, 226
Paddington Free Dispensary, 79 ; Ho-
moeopathic Dispensary, 80; Pro-
vident Dispensary, 80 ; and Mary,
lebone Hospital, 17
Painter Stainers' charities, 199
Painters', the, charity to the blind, 185
Painters, John Stock's charity to poor
lame, 186
Palmer's Almshouses, 226
Palmer and Hiirs6rammarSchool,338
Pancras, (St) Dispensary, 66; local
charities of, 445
Parent Penny Savings' Working Bank,
177
Parish Clerks' Company, charities in
the gift of, 199 ; Almshouse Insti-
tution, 231
Parmitter, Mr. T., Bequest for Alms-
houses, 220
Parochial Charities, 201 ; Baths and
Washhouses, 90; District Asyliun
for Temporal Relief, 119; Contri-
butions to Fire Escapes, Act per-
mitting, 85 ; and District Visiting
Associations, 126; Schools, pre-
sumed origin of, 316
Parochial charity schools, 316
Poor.
467
Pub.
Pastoral, Church, Aid Society, 383
Pastoral and Lay Visiting Societies,
388
Patriotic Fund, 201
Patrons of the anniversary of the cha-
rity schools, 317
Patten Makers' Company, charities in
the gift ot; 199
Pauper Lunatics, number of, 53
Pawnbrokers' Almshouses, 280
Pawnbrokers' Charitable Institution,
2«0
Peace, Society for the Promotion of
Universal, 433
Penitent Female Refuge, British, 102
Penitent Female AsylumjWestminster,
106
Penitent Females, Lock Asylum for, 98
Penitentiary Institutions, 101
Penitentiary, Millbank, 109
Pennoyer's Bequest for Apprenticing,
.■B2; ditto, in trust of Christ s
Hospital, 333
Penny Bank, the London, 177
Penny Savings' Bank, 177
Pension Societies (see also annuities).
Pension Societies, Charitable and Be-
nevolent, 235; general summary
of, 236 ; Charitable and Provident,
247 ; for Professions and Trades,
273; method of polling votes, 237
Pension Society, British Beneficent,
242; British Philanthropic, 240;
Boyal General Annuity, 239; City
of London General, 238; East
London General, 238; East Lon-
don, 239; Lambeth, 239; Royal
General, 241
Pentonville Penitentiary, 101
Penlonville Prison (note on), 109
Permanent Fund of the Licensed Vic-
tuallers' Society, 283
Pemell's Almshouses, 226
Perrin's, John, various bequests to
Goldsmiths ,196
Pewterers' Company, charities in the
gift of, 199
Philanthropic Society, the, 124
Philanthropic Societ^-, Reigate, 109
Philanthropic Society for Relief of
Persons Imprisoned for Debt, 136
Philips, Miss, bequest to Hanwell
Samaritan Fund, 56
Philological School, 350
Pimlico (Royal) Dispensary, 77
Plasterers' Company's chai-ities, 199
Plumbers' Company's charities, 199
Poland, Literary Association, 143
Polish Economical Society, 144
Polish Refugee Office (note), 144
Poor Man's Friend Society, 149
Porteus' (Bishop) Annual Donations
to Poor Clergymen, 253 , Plan for
Instruction of Negroes, 416
Portland Town Dispensary, 68
Post Masters' Provident Fund, 286
Post Office Labour on the Sabbath, 376
Post Office Pension Institution, 286
Poulterers' Company's charities, 199 ;
Asylum, 281
Prayer-book and Homily Society, 377
Preservation of Human Life, Societies
for, 81
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, So-
ciety for, 86
Pnniers' Almshouses, 275; Pension
Society, 274; William Bowyers
and Straban's gifts to, 200
Prison Discipline Society, 110
Prisons referred to, 189
Prisoners, Sheriffs Fund for, 113 (see
also Female Prisoners)
Professions and Trades, Benevolent
Benefit Societies for, 253
Promoting Female Education in the
East, society for, 416
Promoting the Establishment of Baths
and Washhouses, committee for,
90 ; North West Society, 89
Propagation of the Gospel (see Mis-
sionary), 403
Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign
Parts, society for the, 409; Upper
Canada, Committee of, 410
Proprietary Schools, few modem, 344
Prostitutes, societies for penitent, 101
Prostitution, London society for the
prevention of, 103
Protection and Employment of Dis-
tressed Needlewomen, 161
Protection of Women, Associate Insti-
tution for, 106; Society for Protec-
tion of Young Females, 103
Protection of Life from Fire, Royal
Society for the, 84
Protestant and Reformation societies,
377
Protestant Union,the,for Ministers,255
Protestant Association, 378
Provident and Professional Benefit
Funds, 273
Provident Paddington Dispensary, 79
Provident Society for the Deaf and
Dumb, 188
Provident Clerks' Mutual Benefit
Association, 269
Provident Dispensary, 63
Provisional Protection Society, 164
Public Dispensary for the relief of the
sick poor, 68
Public Morals, Guardian Society for
the preservation of, 101
468
Rel,
3nkx.
Roy,
Qoeen's scholars, ■Westminster Col-
lege, 336
Ciueen's College, London, 347 ; Quar-
terly Review's exposition of the
objects of, 348 ; City branch, 349
Queen s, the (or St. Katherine's) Hos-
pital, 205
Queen's letter, the origin of, 367 ; soci-
eties granted to, 367, 379, 409
Queen Adelaide's Dispensary, 70
Queen Adelaide Fund, 55
Queen Adelaide's and British Ladies'
Institution, 32
Queen Adelaide's Lying-in Hospital,31
Queen Anne's Bounty Office, 249
Queen Charlotte's Lying-in Hospital,
28
Queen Elizabeth's College, 208
Queen Elizabeth's Grammai- School,
Southwark, 336
Queen-square Bible Association, 447
Radcliffe's (Dr.) bequest to St. Bar-
tholomew's, 5
Rahere's foundation of St. Bartholo-
mew's, 5
Ragged schools; their rise and pro-
gress, 390 ; the e£fect of, 391 ; re-
cent attack upon, 392 j description
of the neighboui'hood, 394 ; sum-
mai-y of, in London, 393 ; assist-
ance afforded by tlie London Dio-
cesan Board, 370 ; Field-lane
ragged schools, 394
Ragged School Dormitory, 395
Ragged School Refuge, 395
Ragged School Union, 392
Ragged Schools' Emigrant Fund, 396
Raikes" (Mr. Robert) commencement
of Sunday schools, 398
Railway-arch lodging houses, 121
Railway Guards' Friendly Fund, 287;
number of railway guards, note to,
287
Raine's charity, 305
Randolph's (Sergeant) University ex-
hibitions, 195
Reclaiming the fallen, charities for, 95
Redcross-street Library, 340
Reformation (see also Protestant),
Reformation, the British, Society, 377
Reformation of Criminals, charities
for, 95, 107
Refuge for the Destitute, 111
Relief afforded by Benefit Societies,
remarks upon, 272
Relief of Destitution, Association for
promoting, 126
Relief of particiilar classes of distress,
societies for, 134
Relief of the Destitute, 115; of the
Poor of the City of London, 122 ;
StMarylebone Association for,122
Religious Freedom Society, 441
Religious book societies, 371; Book
Society, the, 373
Religious Tract Society, 374; issues
of, 374
Religious Tract and Book Society for
Ireland, 424
Rich's Grammar School, 339
Richmond Institution, the contem.
plated, 442
Ringworm, Dispensary for cure of,
442
Rippon's Almshouses, 227
Robinson's (Sir John) gift to Cloth
Workers' Comi)any, 193
Roger's Almshouses, 227 ; bequest to
Leathersellers, 198
Roman Catholic schools, the, 321
Rose Charity Fund (Hospital for Con-
sumption), 24
Rose-street House of Charity, 120
Royal Academy of Music, 351
Royal Asylum (St. Anns Society), 304
Royal Asylum for Destitute Females,
112
Royal Caledonian Asylum, 308
Royal Highland School Society, 426
Royal Dispensary for Diseases of the
Ear, and the Deaf and Dumb, 41
Royal Dispensary, Pimlico, 77
Royal Female Philanthropic Society,
111
Royal Free Hospital, 14
Royal Freemasons' School for Female
Children, 312
Royal General Dispensary, 73 ; St.
Pancras, 66
Royal General Annuity Society, 239
Royal General Pension Society, 241
Royal Highland School, 426
Royal Hospital at Chelsea, 215 j at
Greenwich, 215
Royal Hospitals of the City of Lon-
don, 1
Royal Humane Society, 82
Royal Infirmary for Asthma, 24
Royal Infirmary for Diseases of the
Eye, 39
Royal Jennerian and London Vaccine
Institutions, 37
Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital,
38
Royal Literary Fund, 256
Royal Masonic Annuity Fund, 245
Royal Masoniclnstitution forBoys,312
Royal Maternity Charity, 29
Royal Militai^ Asylum, 302
469
St.
;SiiiiJ3;.
Sam.
Royal Infirmary for Children, 34 I
Royal National Institution, for preser-
vation from shipwreck, 85
Royal Naval Annuitant Society, 265 ;
Benevolent Society, 265; Female
School, 353; School,352; Asylum,
315
Royal Orthopoedic Hospital, 42
Royal Pimlico Dispensary, 77
Royal Sea-bathing Infirmary, 26
Royal Society of Female Musicians,
264
Royal Society of Musicians of Great
" Britain, 263
Royal Society forPrevention of Cruelty
to Animals, 86
Royal Society for Protection of Life
from Fire, 84
Royal South London Dispensary, 69
Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Hos-
pital, 39
Rugby school referred to, 327
Ruptui'e Society, 46
Russell (Lord John) upon Fox's Edu-
cation Bill, 357
Saddlers' Company, charities in the
gift of, 199
Sailmakers' Almshouses, 227
SaUors' Asylum, Destitute, 137
Sailors' Female Oi-phan Home, 304
Sailors, Floating Church society for,
390
Sailors' Home, or Brunswick mari-
time establishment, 137
Sailors'Orphan Girls' episcopal school
and asylum, 303
Sailors' Society, British and Foreign,
388
St. Andrew, Holborn, extent of paro-
chial charities of, 218
St Andrew's HospitaJ for Diseases of
the Lower Intestines, 44
St. Ann's society schools, 304
St. Bartholomew s Hospital, 5 ; Sa-
maritan fund, 6; Nurses and Sis-
ters of, 57
SL Benet Almshouses, 227
St. Clement Danes' Almshouses, 227
St. George's Homoeopathic Dispen-
sai-y, 80
St. George's Hospital, 10
St George's Charity for convalescents,
10
St George's and St James's General
Dispensary, 64
St. George the Martyr Benevolent
association, 128
St Giles in the Fields, summary of
chai'ities attaclied to the Parish
Church of, 444
St Giles" and SttJeorge's Almshouses,
227
St JamesjWestminster, charity school,
319
St John's Chapel, Bedford-row, Dis»
trict society, 180; Ladies' Fund,
180; Summary of the charities
attached to the congregation of,
446 ; Servants' School, 307
St John's House, Fitzroy-square, 59;
St John's Wood College, 341; Dispen-
sary, 68
St Katherine's Hospital, 205 ; school,
207
St Leonard's Almshouses, 227
St. Luke's Hospital for Lunatics, 52
St. Margaret, Westminster, charity
schools, 318
St Margaret's Hospital, commonly
called the " Green Coat", 318
St. Mai-tin's-in-the-Fields Library,etc.,
340 ; Almshouses, 227 ; Baths and
Washhouses,90
StMaryleboneBaths andWashhouses,
91 ; Provident Dispensary, 63 ;
General Dispensary, 62 ; and Pad-
dington Hospital, 17; almshouses'
institution, 232; Association for
the relief of the poor, 113; charity
school for the whole parish of,
320 ; Female Penitentiary society,
106
St Mary's, Southwark, Charitable
Fund, 130
St. Olave's and St John's grammar
school, 335 ; high character of,
336
St. Pancras parish church, summary
of congregational charities, etc.,
445
St. Pancras Royal General Dispensa-
ry, 66
St Patrick, Benevolent society of, 310
St. Paul's Cathedral, amount of anni-
versary collection at, 318
St. Paul's School, 328; original foun-
dation of, 326 ; value of Dean Co-
let's endowment, 329 ; peculiarity
in the number of boys, note, 329
St. Peter's College, Westminster, 336
St Peter's Hospital, 212
St Saviour's grammar school, 334 ;
stipulation for master of, note, 334
St Thomas's Hospital, 6
Salomon's (David) gift to City School,
350
Salters'Company, Almshouses in trust
of, 227 ; Charities in the gift of, 1 99
Samaritan Fund, London Hospital,
12 ; Middlesex Hospital, 13 ; Han-
well, 55; St Bartholomew, 6; St
470
Sea.
^nki.
Soc.
George's Convalescent Fund, 10 ;
St. George's Dispensary, 64
Samaritan society, projected, 121
Sanatorium for Madeira, 26
Sanatorium of German Hospital, 21
Sanatorium, the late, 50
Sanitary Improvement, 88
Saxton's (SirW.) bequests to Grocers,
196
Savings' Banks,176; their origin,]75;
Working Banks, 177
School of Industry for Female Or-
phans, 295 ; Hans Town, 306
School for the Indigent Blind, 182
School Societies and Educational
Boards, 358
Schools, Parochial charity, 316
Schools, see also Sunday, Ragged,
Congregational, Wesleyan, etc. ;
localschools referred to,320; the
earliest in England, 326; old foun-
dation of the schools of London,
33 6 ; statistics of Church schools,
365
Schools in union with the National
Society, statistics of, 365 ; ditto.
Diocesan Board of Education,
370; Southwark Fund for, 383
Schoolmasters' (the Church of Eng-
land) Provident Society, 400
Schoolmasters' and Mistresses' Train-
ing School,366 ; Kneller Hall,359 ;
Church of England Training In-
stitution, 368 ; infant schools, 368;
congregational, etc., 371
Schoolmasters', society of, 258 ; so-
ciety of, 259
Scotland, Caledonian Asylum for the
Children and Natives of, 308;
Missions of, 416 ; Society for Pro-
pagating the Gospel in, 426
Scotland, Royal Highland School So-
ciety, 426; Church of, Missions,
416
Scott's (Mr. J. M.) plan for Penny
Banks, 177
Scottish Box, the (old title), 139
Scottish Episcopal Church Society
London Auxiliary of the, 426
Scottish Hospital and Corporation in
London, 139
Scriptvire Readers' society, Ireland,
424
Scriptural instruction essential to na-
tional education, 357
Scripture Readers' Association,Church
of England, 385
Scriveners Companv, charities in the
gift of, 200
Sea Bathing Infirmary, 27
Seamen's Corporation, Merchant,265
Seamen's Hospital society, 20
Seamen (see Merchants); St. Paul's
Church for seamen of the port of
London, 390
Secular National Education, 356
Servants' Institutions (see Domestic
and Female) 167; St. John's school
for the training of, 307 ; the Provi-
dent Benevolent Society, 165
Severn, the. Missionary Vessel, 390
Shaftesbury House Old Hospital, 29
Shank (Mrs.) and Stocks charity to
the lame, 186
Shepherd's (Mrs.) charity for Clergy-
men's daughters, 214
Sheriffs' Fund, HI
Sheriffe's (Laurance) endowment of
Rugby school, 327
Shipwreck, Preserving Life from, 85 ;
Fishermen and Mai-ine Benevo-
lent society,139 ; Mariners'Friend,
389
Shoemakers' Benevolent Institution,
285
Shuldham's (Guy) Almshouses, 228
Silk Mercers' Benevolent Institution,
284
Silver Trade Pension society, 278
Simpson's (John) Trust of Blind Cha-
rity, 185
Sion College, 213; Almshouses, 214 ;
Clergy Widow Fund, 252
Sisters and Nurses for medical hos-
pitals, 57
Skelton's bequest to poor Clock-
makers, 193
Skinners' Company, Almshouses in
trust of, 227; charities in the gift
of, 200
Slave 'Trade, societies for the extinc-
tion of the, 434
Slavery, Blockade of the African Coast,
435; Petition of the Church Mis-
sionary Society referred to, 437
Slaves, Betten's bequest to redeem,
197; statistics of slaves, 435
Small-pox and Vaccination Hospital,
36
Smith's Grammar school, 338
Syria, Medical-aid Association, 431
Smith's (Mr.D.) Almshouses, 227
Societes Evangeliques,4l6
Societe Francaise de Bienfaisanoe,
143
Society for Encouragement of Indus-
try (old title), 151 ; of Universal
Good Will (old title), 141 ; for the
Reformation of Manners (old title)
340; for Relief of Poor Proselytes
(old title), 340
471
3nki.
Sun.
Soldiers' Friend society, 442
Somersetshire society, 169
Sons of the Clergy, Anniversary Fes-
tival of, 250
Soup Kitchens, etc., 122-4
South London (Royal) Dispensary, 69
Soutli London Institution for Protec-
tion of Females, etc., 108
Southampton's Almshouses, 227
Southwark Charitable fund, 130
Southwark Fund for Schools and
Churches, 383
Southwark Grammar Schools, 335
Spanish and Portuguese Hospital, 21
Spanish and Portuguese Jews' chari-
ties, 322
Spinal Institutions, 43-4
Spital Sermons, the, referred to, 474
Spitalfields" Dispensary, 72
Spitalfields Benevolent society, 131
Stafford's Almshouses, 218
Stafford's Fund for Clergy Widows,
252
Stanley-grove Institution, 366
Stationers and Paper Manufacturers'
Provident society, 273
Stationers' Company, charities in the
gift of, 200
Stepney College, 342
Stepney Free school, 338
Stepney Meeting Almshouses, 227
Stock Exchange Fund, 473
Stock's (John) Charity to poor lame
Painters, 186
Stock's (John) Charity to the Blind,
185
Strahan's (William) Gifts to Printers,
200
Strangers' Friend Society, 125; gene-
ral character of, 117
Stmday schools, Society for the sup-
port and encouragement of, 398 ;
school society for Ireland, 423 ;
School Union, 399
Surrey Chapel Almshouses, 229 ; sum-
mary of other charities of, 448
Surrey Dispensary, 69
Syria, society for promoting Christian
education in, 430
Streatham-street Model Buildings, 87
Street Orderly society, 150
Stromeyer andDelpech's treatment of
Club Feet, etc., 42
Sunday, better observance of, (see
Lord's-day society) ; General Post-
office, 376
Sunday schools. 397; the first esta-
blished, 398 ; their nimiber esti-
mated in England and Wales, 398 ;
Dr. Hook's testimony to their
Talue, 398; Church schools, sta-
Tra.
tistics of, 365; Church of Eug-
land. Institute for the teachers of,
399
Suppression of Vice, Society for, 93
Sutton's (Thomas) Foundation of
Charter-house, 209
Sutton's (Mrs.) bequest to Clergy Or-
phans, 293
Tabeenacle Almshouses, the, 228
Tailors' Benevolent Institution, 283 ;
Asylum, 284
Tallow Chandlers' Benevolent Society,
288
Tallow Chandlers' Company, charities
in the gift of, 200
Tasmania, bishopric of, 420
Tavern Keepers Provident Institu-
tion, 283
Taylour's (Dr.) benefactions to poor
pious clergymen, 251
Tea Dealers and Grocers' Benevolent
Protection Society, 281
Teeth, London Institution for Diseases
of the, 442
Tegg's Sheriff Fine Scholarship, 350
Temperance Society, British and Fo-
reign, 91 ; National, 91 ; World's
Convention, 92
Tennison's (Abp.) Grammar School
and Library, 340; early support of
the Gospel Society, 409
Tenterden-street Academy of Music,
352
Thames Church Mission Society, the,
389
Thanksgiving Collections, the, for In-
fant Orphan Asylimi, 301 ; for La-
bourers Friend, 87
Thavies' Estate referred to, 218
Theatrical Fund, Covent-garden, 276 ;
Drury-lane, 276 ; Association Ge-
neral, 276
Times' Scholarships, Christ's Hos-
pital, 332 ; City of London School,
350
Tonbridge School referred to, 327
Tottenham-court.road Soup Kitchen,
124
Tower Hamlets' Dispensary for Chil-
di-en, 71
Town Mission Society, 388
Tract Society, English Monthly, 375 j
Religious, 374; Weekly, 375;
Christian, 441
Trades and Professions, benevolent
and provident benefit societies,
272
Training Institution, Church of Eng-
land Metropolitan, 368
Training Institution for Nurses, .58
472
Wan.
Travellers (see Commercial)
Travers' bequests for apprenticing,
332; gifts to City School, 350
Trinitarian Bible Society, 407
Trinity Almshouses, 228; Hospital,
228
Trinity Hospital, or Norfolk College,
211
Trinity House, Corporation of, 228
Trotman's Charity School, 338
Trotman's Lectureship, 197
Truss Society, City of London, 45 ;
National, 45
Tunbridge Cottage Allotment, 87;
School referred to, 327
Turkey Company, the old, 217
Typographical Widow and Orphan
Fund, 274
Union Almshouses, Christian, 231
Unitarian associations, 441
United Law Clerks' Society, 269
United ServiceBenevolent Institution,
268
University College, 342; Hall, 342;
Hospital, 17; School, 344
University of London, 344 ; Regula-
tions of the Senate, 347
Upholders' Company, charities in the
gift ot, 200
Vaccine Institutions, 36
Vaccination, its origin, 36 ; the Act,
36
Van Dun's Almshouses, 228
VeUum-binders and Machine-rulers'
Pension Society, 274
Verrall Charitable Society, 43
Vice, Society for the Suppression of,
93 ; South London Institution,
106
Villages, plan for self-supporting, 150
Vintners' Company, almshouses in
trust of, 228 ; charities in the gift
of, 200
Virtuosi Provident Fund, 273
Visiting societies for relieving the poor
at their own habitations, 125
Visiting societies, religious, 387
Voluntary School Association, 371
Waller's, Sir W., proposal for an
Eye Infirmary, 39
Walleston's, Sir J., gift to Goldsmiths,
196
Walter's Almshouses, 229
Walton's, and others', gifts to Gold-
smiths, 196
Wanstead Asylum, the, for Infant Or-
phans, 300
Snkx.
Whi.
Washhouses for the labouring classes,
and Baths, 89
Watch Makers' Benevolent Institu-
tion, 278
Waterman's, Free, and Lighterman's
Almshouses, 233
Watson's, Shei-iff, improvement of
ragged schools, 391
Wax-chandlers' Company, charities in
the gift of, 201
Weavers Company, Almshouses in
trust of, 229 ; charities in the gift
of, 200
Weekly Tract Society, 375
Welsh charity school, 307
Wesleyan Methodist Missionary So-
ciety, 414
Wesleyan Missions previous to Soci-
ety (note to), 414; schools referred
to, 362 ; Wesley, Rev. John, origi-
nally a Missionary of the Gospel
Society, 409
West-end Nightly Refuge for the
Houseless, 119
Westby's Almshouses, 229
Western Dispensary, 76
Western General Dispensary, 75
Western City Dispensary, 75
Western Jewish free schools, 323
Western Jewish Philanthropic and
Pension society 145
West London Association, 442
West London Free Dispensary, 442
West London Homoeopathic Dispen-
sary, 79
West Metropolitan School, 324
Westminster parochial charity schools,
318
Westminster French Protestant cha-
rity school, 307
Westminster General Dispensary, 76
Westminster Hospital, 7
Westminster Penitent Female Asylum,
105
Westminster School, 336 ; original
foundation of, 326
Westminster Homceopathic Dispen-
sary, 80
Westminster (Royal) Ophthalmic Hos-
pital, 39
Westminster Ragged Dormitory, 395
West-street Ragged School, 394
West's, J. & F., gifts to cloth workers,
194 ; ditto University exhibitions,
194; (Mrs.) bequests to Christ's
Hospital, 333
Westmoreland Society, 310
Whitbread's bequestto master brewers,
193 ; cancer ward to Middlesex
Hospital, 13
Whitechapel Baths andWashhouseM.SO
473
Wil.
'Mn.
You.
White's, Dr., Foundation of Sion Col-
lege, 213
White s, Sir Thomas, Benefactions to
Merchant Tailors' school, 333
Whiteland's Training Institutions, 366
Whittemore's Hev. W. M., Plan for
cottage schools, 397
Whittington's, Sir R.,College,or Alms-
houses, 207 and 229 ; value of be-
quests, 198
Widows' Friend and Benevolent soci-
ety, 135
Widows' Fund, 254
Widows, Heather's Trust for the be-
nefit of poor, 193
Widows, society for relief of distressed,
135
Wilberforce's, Mr. W., measures forthe
discouragement of vice, 93
Williams's, Dr., Westminster scholar-
ship, 336
Williams's, Mrs. Sophia, Plan for
Adult Orphan Asylum, 298
Williams's, Sir Thomas, Foundation
of Royal Naval Female School,
353 ; part eniiowinent of ditto,354
Wilson's, Rev. Edward, foundation of
Camberwell grammar school, 337
Wiltshire Society, 170
Women, Hospital for, 34 ; and chil-
dren. Free Hospital for, 34
Worcestershire Society, 169
Working Banks,see savings' banks,l77
Workwomen, estimated niunber of,
159 ; societies for the protection of,
161
World's Temperance Convention, 92
Worozow's (Count) Almshouses, 232
Yearslet's, James, Eye and Ear In-
firmary, 41 ; Orthoponic Institute,
42
York's, Duke of, school, 302
Yorkshire Society's schools, 311
Young Men, Institutions for, 400 ; re-
ferred to, 91
Errata and Omissions.
Page 172, note {Irish Loan Funds), in number of Loans raised, 1846,
read " 319,083," not " 51 ,9a3. "
Page 193, tenth line from bottom, dele "see" before Heather's Trust.
Page 222, seventeenth line from bottom, read " Ayre," not " Lyre."
Omitted from page 258. — The Slock Exchange Fund was founded 1801,
and is for relieving the distress of old members, and their families, when
unprovided for ; intended, as its fundamental rule expresses it, " as a
stimulus to worthy conduct, and no person acting otherwise can be per-
mitted to derive any benefit from the fund itself, or transmit any allow-
able claim upon it to his family." As the characteristics of the fund
are, in essentials, the same as others of its class (chapter xiii),from which
it has been inadvertently omitted, it will be sufficient to add, that the
relief afforded varies from ;£50— to ^100 in special cases. Applications
for relief must be signed by at least six subscribers to the fund, and set
fonh, in detail, the claims of the applicant. One guinea annual, or ten
guineas donation, constitutes a member. Managed by a committee of
members of the Stock Exchange. Communications to be addressed " to
the Chairman of the Stock Exchange Fund, Capel-court."
31
474
Page 285, under Master Bootmakers' Institution, read, " President,
Robert Tayler," not " Layler."
Page 331 , notes omitted : —
^ The Lord Mayor's ex officio presentation is in addition to his annual
one as alderman. A donation of ^oUO is the usual quaUiication of a
governor ; but each alderman has the privilege of nominating one gover-
nor at half this amount.
^ The 'Spital Sermon, or Hospital Sermon, is preached at Christ
Church every Easter Monday and Tuesday, en behalf of this and the
other four royal hospitals, when a printed summary is distributed of the
operations of each hospital during the year. On this occasion the Lord
Mayor and Corporation attend in state.
Page 332, under Christ's Hospital, read " twelve" Grecians, not " six-
teen." .\lso add, seventeenth line from top, that ' mathematical boys and
deputy Grecians remain at the school until sixteen."
Page 333, sixteenth line from top, dele " and F. W. Goldsmith," also
insert " Writing Masters, Mr. Richard Griggs, and Mr. H. J. Bowker."
Page 365, head line, dele "al" after " Education." 'i,\ i
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