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THE POETICAL ELEMENTS 
 
 IN THE DICTION AND SYNTAX 
 
 OF TACITUS 
 
 Charles Grenville Cole. 
 
 G. E. Stechert & Co. 
 
 New York 
 
 1910. 
 
THE POETICAL ELEMENTS 
 
 IN THE DICTION AND SYNTAX 
 
 OF TACITUS 
 
 BY 
 
 Charles Grenville Cole, A. B.. A. M. 
 
 (Princeton) 
 
 Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements 
 for the Degree of 
 
 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 
 
 in the 
 University Faculty of Language and Literature 
 
 NEW YORK UNIVERSITY 
 
 1908. 
 
Contents. 
 
 Page 
 
 Preface 6 
 
 Bibliography 7 
 
 Introduction 9 
 
 Certain laws in the composition of Tacitus' writings. 
 Psychic factors. Tacitus' conception of the function of 
 history. Poetical tendency in his works. 
 
 Life of Tacitus 10 
 
 How affected by the time in which he lived. Lack of 
 freedom of speech. His early style. Necessity of deviation 
 from Cicero's style. 
 
 Roman Education 11 
 
 Subjective and objective feeling. No public schools at 
 Eome. Earliest training. Elementary Schools. Grammar 
 Schools. Introduction of Rhetoric. Poetical works as text 
 books. Writing from poetry into prose. 
 
 Recitatio 14 
 
 Nature of the Recitatio. Organization of the poets' 
 guild. Collegium Poetarum may have suggested the 
 recitatio. 
 
 Archaisms and Graecisms 14 
 
 Sallust and Livy Tacitus' chief prose models. The use 
 of Greek words and constructions due in part to the study 
 of poetry and in part to the times. 
 
 Silver Latinity 15 
 
 Age of Silver Latinity. Language the vehicle of thought. 
 Augustus encourages literature. Prose lamentably wanting. 
 Analysis of the elements of Silver Latinity. Irresponsible 
 Emperors. Language unnatural as outgrowth of unnatural 
 thinking. 
 
 The Dialogus . . 16 
 
 Poetical elements. As far as possible measures up to 
 Ciceronian standard. Shows the influence instilled within 
 Tacitus by the study of the poets. 
 
 1* 
 
 296239 
 
Page 
 
 Tacitus' Works in General 17 
 
 A. Variety mixed with poetical coloring. Tacitus feels the 
 necessity of Euphemism. He displays a fine soul feeling 
 and keen sympathy. 
 
 B. Tacitus' Real Debt to Vergil 19 
 
 Laid Vergil deeply under contribution. Made what he 
 borrowed his own. Eomans of all ages borrowed. No 
 plagiarism. Roman authors not judged on their own 
 merits. 
 
 I. Poetical words first introduced by him 21 
 
 II. Certain words, hitherto, in sense exclusively poetical 21 
 
 III. Keminiscences 29 
 
 C. Tacitus' probable Debt to Vergil 32 
 
 I. Substantival use of adjectives 32 
 
 II. Neuter adjectives or participles, used substantively, 
 
 found in Vergil 33 
 
 III. Transitive Accusative 33 
 
 IV. Compound verbs used by Tacitus with a simple 
 accusative 34 
 
 V. Examples from Vergil 34 
 
 VI. Genitive with Adjectives 35 
 
 VII. Similar Construction in Vergil 36 
 
 VIII. Simple for Compound Verbs 36 
 
 IX. Simple for Compound Verbs in Vergil 37 
 
 X. Intransitive use of verbs usually transitive .... 38 
 
 XI. Cases occuring in Vergil 38 
 
 XII. Infinitive of Purpose 38 
 
 XIII. Some examples from Vergil 39 
 
 XIV. Infinitives with adjectives 40 
 
 XV. Cases to be noted in Vergil 41 
 
 XVI. Reflexive verbs 41 
 
 XVII. Reflexive verbs in Vergil 41 
 
 XVIII. Greek Accusative 42 
 
 XIX. Vergil uses the Greek Accusative 42 
 
 XX. The Accusative towards which motion takes place . 43 
 
 XXI. Examples from Vergil 43 
 
 XXII. Partitive or Quasi Partitive Genitive 43 
 
 a) After neuter singular adjectives 43 
 
 b) After neuter plural adjectives 44 
 
 XXIII. Partitive or Quasi Partitive in Vergil 45 
 
 a) Adjectives in the singular 45 
 
 b) Adjectives in the plural ........ 45 
 
 XXIV. Dative of Indirect Object with implied local relation 
 where the Ablative with a preposition would be 
 more usual 45 
 
 XXV. Parallel construction in Vergil 45 
 
 XXVI. Dative instead of the Genitive 45 
 
 XXVII. Some Vergilian Passages 46 
 
Page 
 
 XXVIII. Dative of agent 46 
 
 XXIX. In Vergil 46 
 
 XXX. Dative after Compound Verbs for the Accusative 
 
 with a preposition 47 
 
 XXXI. Common in Vergil 47 
 
 XXXII. Dative of Purpose 47 
 
 XXXIII. Dative of Purpose in Vergil 48 
 
 XXXIV. Local Ablative 48 
 
 XXXV. Similar Construction in Vergil 49 
 
 XXXVI. Ablative of Place Whence (without a preposition) . 49 
 
 XXXVII. Some examples from Vergil 50 
 
 XXXVIII. Anastrophe 50 
 
 XXXIX. Anastrophe in Vergil 51 
 
 XL. Adjectives for adverbs 52 
 
 XLI. Adjectives for adverbs in Vergil 52 
 
 XLII. Substantives for adjectives 53 
 
 XLIII. From Vergil 53 
 
 XLIV. The use of the preposition ex for adjectives and 
 
 adverbs 53 
 
 XLV. Vergil 54 
 
 XL VI. Eare prepositions 55 
 
 LXVII. Qui Eelative where Quis = Quitws 55 
 
 LXVIII. From Vergil 56 
 
 XLIX. Quamquam with the Subjunctive 57 
 
 L. Metonymy and abstract for concrete terms .... 58 
 
 LI. Personification 61 
 
 LII. Metaphors 62 
 
Preface. 
 
 Any work in connection with the writings of Tacitus is 
 hard, for, his style is rather concise and abstract and is filled 
 with sentiment and fire. Then too as Macaulay says: He car- 
 ries his love of effect far beyond the limits of moderation. He 
 tells a story finely, but he cannot tell a plain story plainly. 
 He stimulates, till stimulants lose their power. 
 
 To accomplish a particular line of research in Tacitus' 
 works one must have first the feeling for his style and then 
 approach it as a prospector with his tools, seeking only the 
 objective precious metal among many precious metals. For 
 the arousing of the necessary sentiment I am deeply indebted 
 to Dr. E. G. Sihler of New York University. In the biblio- 
 graphy I make mention of the prospectors' tools, works which 
 indicate many precious metals. My only task then is, as a 
 prospector seeking an objective metal, the poetical element in 
 Tacitus, to make a judicious selection from all these works in 
 connection with the text itself of Tacitus. This is the apology 
 for the attempt to add something to that which has already 
 been written on Tacitus. 
 
 Orange, N. J., July 10th, 1908. 
 
Bibliography. 
 
 Grammars. 
 
 Draeger, A. Ueber Syntax und Stil des Tacitus. Leipzig 1882. 
 Gantrelle. Grammaire et style de Tacite. 2nd Ed. Paris 1882. 
 Sirker, C. Taciteisehe Formenlehre. Berlin 1871. 
 
 Lexicons. 
 
 Botticher, Guil. Lexicon Taciteum. Berlin 1830. 
 Gerber, A. et Greef, A. Lexicon Taciteum. Lipsiae 1877. 
 Wolf fl in. Philologus XX1V-XXV1I. 
 
 Texts of Tacitus. 
 
 Cornelii Taciti Libri qui supersunt. Eec. Halm. Leipzig 1901. 
 
 Tacitus. Erklart von Nipperdey. Leipzig 1851. 
 
 Furneaux, Henry. Annals of Tacitus. 2nd. Ed. 2 Vols. Oxford 
 1906. 
 
 Texts of Yergil. 
 
 Connington revised by Nettleship. London 1881 1883. 
 Kibeck, O. Virgilus Opera. Leipzig 1907. 
 
 Texts of Horace. 
 
 Desprez, Ludovicus recog. New York 1820. 
 Wickham,E. C. Ed. 2 Vols. Oxford 1893. 
 
 Leverett, F. P. Juvenal. Boston 1854. 
 Helvetius, Daniel Crispinus. Ovid. London 1878. 
 Bonn ell. Quintilianus Institutuo Oratia. Leipzig 1903. 
 
 Works in General. 
 
 Clemm, Guil. De breviloquentiae Tacitiae qtribusdam generibus. 
 Leipzig 1881. 
 
Cooper, F. T. Eoman Bermo Plebeius. New York 1895. 
 
 Groag, E. Zur Kritik V. Tacitus Quellen id. Historien. Leipzig 
 
 1897. 
 Teuffel and Schwabe. History of Eoman Literature. London 
 
 1891. 
 
 The excerpts in the body of the thesis hare been taken for the 
 most part from the Teubner texts. Whenever it has been necessary to 
 consult such writers as Seneca, Pliny, Sallust, Livy, and Cicero, the 
 Teubner texts have again been laid under contribution. 
 
Introduction. 
 
 A careful analysis of the works of Tacitus will show that 
 he followed certain laws in the composition of his writings; 
 and it may be observed further that his conformity to these 
 laws makes possible a statement of his style and syntax under 
 three general heads, Variety, Brevity, and Poetical Coloring. 
 In a study of the poetical elements in the works of Tacitus it 
 is necessary to understand that anyone or all these elements 
 may appear. 
 
 Close observational reading of Tacitus' several writings 
 will reVeal the psychic factors which called for such a catego- 
 rical division of these elements and for a strict conformity to 
 the laws underlying them. These psychic factors found their 
 generating force and their developing power in the life of Ta- 
 citus, whose life was mightily affected by the ever changing 
 scenes of corruption, vice and murder, and many other repul- 
 sive moral and physical acts. So many times did he have to 
 narrate heinous crimes and flagrant offenses, and so much of 
 the same nature and kind, that he had to have recourse to 
 the most forceful way of presenting them. 
 
 A study of Tacitus' conception of the function of history 
 will disclose clearly, that his true purpose in writing history 
 was a moral one, for, he himself says: Quod praecipuum 
 munus, annalium reor , ne virtutis sileantur, utque prams 
 dictis factisque ex posteritate et infamia metus sit. 1 ) He 
 wishes to emphasize noble conduct and urge imitation, to show 
 
 Ann. 3, 65. 
 
10 
 
 the evils of base conduct and advise its avoidance, to formulate 
 principles of political conduct: Posse etiam sub malis principi- 
 bus magnos viros esse. 1 ) Therefore, since Tacitus' purpose is a 
 moral one, and is of the heart and not simply of the head, it 
 is necessary to consider briefly the environment in which his 
 life was lived in order to understand fully his style. It is not 
 enough to point out the occurences of poetical elements in his 
 works, but also to know the poetry of his soul. To give ex- 
 pression to his heart's pangs, and the emotion of the sublime 
 moment of moral victory, he resorted to an epigrammatic style, 
 sometimes going to the extreme, almost of poetical license, in 
 his tendency toward vivid contrast and in his lofty appeals for 
 a notice of examples of noble conduct. Hence, many times, 
 like Macaulay, he prostitutes historical exactness before the 
 tendency of satirical exaggeration. 
 
 Life of Tacitus. 
 
 Cornelius Tacitus was probably born 55 A. D. and died 
 120 A. D.; hence he lived at the time of Nero, Galba, Otho, 
 Vitellius, Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, and Trajan. His boyhood 
 falls under Nero; his assumption of the ,,toga virilis" perhaps 
 occurred during the reign of Galba, Otho, and Vitellius; the 
 former part of his manhood was spont under Vespasian and 
 Titus, and the prime of his life under Domitian, while his literary 
 activity reached its height under Trajan. 
 
 How in his youth he saw, even felt, the inhuman despo- 
 tism of Nero, and what an effect the anarchy and civil war 
 during the year of Galba, Otho, and Vitellius had upon him, 
 and how he regarded the tyrrany of Domitian, he himself tells : 
 Paulatim dehinc ab undecoris ad infesta transgrediebantur 
 **####******* Mamercus antiqua exempla jacens ******* 
 
 videlicet Scipio et Cato talia ulciscebantur. 9 ) 
 
 Proprium id Tiberio fuit Scelera nuper reperta 
 priscis verbis obtegere ********* silenti reo, vel si defensionem 
 coeptaret, non occultante cuius ira premeretur. 3 ) The reigns 
 of Vespasian and Titus furnished a striking contrast to what 
 had preceded, but alas of too short duration! But in the 
 reigns of Nerva and Trajan all that pent up feeling of the 
 
 *) Agr. 42, 5. a ) Ann. 3, 66. 3 ) Ann. 4, 19. 
 
11 
 
 reality of crime and horror found its way out in the freedom 
 of thought and speech. To Tacitus, all that had passed was a 
 dramatic horror. The full force of these events and experiences 
 shaped Tacitus' final style of which the poetical element is no 
 small part. He was educated for the bar, and without doubt 
 this had its effect upon his style, at least in the early stage 
 of its development. However, as Teuffel rightly observes. ,,The 
 Dialogus de oratoribus is an attempt to demonstrate and ex- 
 plain the decay of oratory in the Imperial period ****." ,,In 
 point of style this treatise is an interesting record of the period 
 of Tacitus' life when, fresh from the study of Cicero's rheto- 
 rical works, he endeavored to imitate that writer." 1 ) But even 
 here he feels a deviation from that author's style is imperative, 
 since he himself tells us that a pleader of his day can no 
 longer conduct a case as Cicero did: Novis et exquisitis elo- 
 quentiae itineribus opus est, utique apud eos judices qui vi 
 et potestate, non jure et legibus cognoscunt nee accipiunt 
 tempora *********** se( ^ sae p e ultra **** transgredientem 
 revocant *******. Quis nunc peret oratorem de infirmitate 
 valetudinis suae praefantem 
 
 Roman Education. 
 
 Granting that the necessity for poetical coloring found 
 its beginning in the soul of Tacitus in consequence of the in- 
 fluence of events and experiences upon that soul, yet there 
 must have been some suggestion of the objective form with 
 which to clothe the subjective feeling. The idea of the parti- 
 cular poetical elements may be thought to have been born of 
 the training which we may believe that a boy of position 
 secured. There were no public schools at Rome: the earliest 
 training which a boy secured was at home under his father 
 and mother. 
 
 Atque si vitis mediocribus ae mea paueis 
 Mendosa et natura aliqui recta, velut si 
 Egregio inspersos reprehendas corpore naevos 
 Si neque avaritiam neque sordes aut mala lustra 
 Obfieiet vere quisquam mihi, purus et insons 
 Ut me eollandem si et vivo earns amieis; 
 Causa fuit pater his, ********************) 
 
 Teuffel II, 334. 2 ) Dial. 19, 20. 8 ) Hor. lib. I, Sat. 6, 6571. 
 
12 
 
 At about the age of seven the boys came under the care of 
 regular teachers ; the teachers were generally competent slaves, 
 perhaps captured in war and ,,were often much better educated 
 than their Koman Masters". Because there was not always a 
 competent slave in every family, an owner of such a slave 
 would allow other boys than his own to be taught with his at 
 his own home. Finally a more convenient place was secured 
 and hence arose elementary schools. In these schools the sub- 
 jects taught were reading, writing, and arithmetic. Horace 
 refers to a school of this kind, in a touching way. 
 
 '***, qui macro pauper agello 
 Noluit in flavi ludum me miltere, magni 
 Quo pueri magnis e centurionibus orti 
 Laevo suspensi loeulos tabulamque lacerto, 
 Ibant octonis referentes idibus aera. 1 ) 
 
 After the Punic wars Koman Education was extended because 
 in their contact with other peoples the Komans came to learn 
 Greek and hence to know Greek methods of education. Then 
 there arose grammar schools, the teachers of which were 
 Grammatici, who used as text books poetical works. But we 
 may see that these text books were Latin translations of Greek 
 poets, so that from the earliest times the Roman youth was 
 acquainted with poetry. In the works of Tacitus we find a 
 few words used by Ennius in his writings, which might indicate 
 that Tacitus had studied the works of that teacher of Latin 
 and Greek. 2 ) On the introduction of Rhetoric and Grammar 
 into the education at Rome Suetonius remarks: Rhetorica 
 quoque apud nos perinde atque grammatica fere recepta est, 
 paulo etiam difficilius, quippe quam constet nonnumquam etiam 
 prohibitam exerceri ****** paulatim et ipsa (Rhetorica) utilis 
 honestaque apparuit, multique earn et praesidii causa et gloriae 
 appetiverant. ******* Quare magno studio hominibus iniecto, 
 magna etiam professorum ac doctorum profluxit copia } adeoque 
 floruit, ut non nulli ex infima fortuna in ordinem senatorium 
 atque ad summos honor es processerint. 3 ) 
 
 1) Hor. lib. I, Sat. 6, 65-71. 
 
 2 ) I have not been able to conclude whether Tacitus was acqua- 
 inted with such words thru a study of Ennius or of some other author 
 who had used them. 
 
 *) De Rhet. Cap. I. 
 
The custom of using poetical works as text-books never 
 
 lapsed and coming down to Tacitus' time we find their use 
 
 still prevalent. Juvenal mentions the use of Horace and 
 Vergil as text-books. 
 
 Quot stabant pueri, quum totus decolor esset 
 Flacetis, et haereret nigro fuligo Maroni. 1 ) 
 
 Teuffel observes, Vergil obtained from the first the highest 
 reputation; his poems were at an early time admitted into 
 schools, imitated, translated, commented on." 2 ) 
 
 Apud Vergilium, quern propteria parvuli legunt ut vide- 
 licet poeta magnus omniumque praeclarissimus atque optimus 
 teneris ebibitus animis non facile oblivione posset aboleri. 3 ) 
 
 Fertur in scholis saepissime cantasse inter puerulos 'Arma 
 Amens Capio' (Aen. II, 314-J. 4 ) Vergilianos versus qualiter 
 eos pueri magistris praelegentibus canebamus. 5 ) 
 
 This practice, in school, of writing passages from Vergil, 
 in prose, undoubtedly had a great influence upon the style of 
 those who followed this exercise. Augustinus refers to this 
 school custom as follows : Sine me, deus meus, dicere aliquid 
 et de ingenio meo , munere tuo, in quibus a me delirementis 
 ad terebatur. Proponebatur enim mihi negotium animae meae 
 satis inquietem praemis laudis et dedecoris, vel plagorum metu, 
 ut dicerem verba Junonis 6 ) irascentis et dolentis, quod non 
 potest Italia Teucrorum avertere regem, quae numquam Junonem 
 dixisse audierim. Sed figmentorum poeticorum vestigia er- 
 rantes sequi cogebamur, et tale aliquid dicere solutis verbis, 
 quale poeta dixisset versibus. Et ille dicebat laudabilius, in- 
 quo pro dignitate adumbratrae personae , irae ac doloris 
 similior adfectus eminebat verbis sententias congruentur vesti- 
 entibus. 7 ) In the schools of Khetoric Vergil was also used as 
 a basis of exercises for the students. - - Solebat fuscus ex 
 Virgilio multa trahere. 8 ) Titianus et Calvus qui themata 
 omnia de Virgilio elicuerunt et deformaverunt ad dicendi 
 usurn. 9 ) 
 
 *) Sat. VII, 226227. 2 ) Teuffel I, 231. 
 
 8 ) Augustin, Civ. del 1, 3. 
 
 4 ) Jul. Capitol. Clod. Albin. 5, 2. 
 
 5 ) Mac. Sat. 1, 24, 5. 6 ) Aeneid I, 3675. 
 ') Augustin Confess. 1, 17, 27. 
 
 8 ) Sen. Suas. 3, 5. 9 ) Serv. Aen. 10, 18. 
 
14 
 
 Recitatio. 
 
 Since multiplying books was an expensive process, and 
 because a writer wished, perhaps, to gain a recognition for his 
 works when finally put in written form for the public (Reci- 
 tantes et benigne et patienter audiit (Pollio Asinus), nee tan- 
 turn carmina et historias sed et orationesj, *) oftentimes a 
 reading or recitatio was given before a number of a writer's 
 own friends (T. Labienus ******* declamavit non quidem po- 
 pulo sed egreyie. Non admittebat populum et quia non dum 
 haec consuetudo erat Industra et quia portabat turpe ac 
 frivolae jactationis),*) or publicly in the temple of Apollo, or 
 in the house of some rich and noted man. This undoubtadly 
 led to the need of an emphasis upon striking ways of saying 
 things such an emphasis as would sometimes be given by 
 poetical structure and archaic forms. As early as the time of 
 Livius Andronicus the temple of Minerva in the Plebeian 
 quarter of the Aventine was assigned to the poets' guild and 
 called the collegium poetarum. The recitatio may have been 
 an outgrowth of this poets' guild, i. e. while the ,,scribae 
 histrionesque" were ranked with the other collegia opiftcum 
 and artificium, yet these may have been suggested by the 
 collegium poetarum. It is wise to conclude that those who 
 conducted recitationes, as litterateurs, not only frequented the 
 collegium poetarum, but also carried away from there some of 
 the poetical spirit; and from the frequency of their visits be- 
 came well acquainted with the power of attraction found in 
 poetry for commanding attention, and fully realized the value 
 of this power in narrating platitudinous subjects in prose. 
 
 Archaisms and Graeeisms, 
 
 Tacitus' chief prose models are Sallust and Livy, and while 
 from the latter he might have imbibed the idea of some of 
 the value of the poetical element in prose, he certainly in the 
 former discovered the element of the striking by way of 
 Archaisms, a thing which is in itself poetical. So, we find 
 him using old words and thereby indulging his poetical feeling 
 
 *) Suet Aug. 89. 3 ) Sen. Controv. praef. 4. 
 
15 
 
 which was engendered by his study of the poets and at the 
 same time yielding to the necessity of Variety. 
 
 The use of Greek words and constructions was due in 
 part to the study of poetry and in part to the prevailing and 
 increasing taste ,,for what was Greek as such". Although 
 Tacitus was loath to introduce more of the Greek than was 
 already current, yet he had to yield to the exegencies of 
 the times. 
 
 Juvenal remarks thus upon the Graecizing of Rome: 
 
 Non possum, ferre Quirites, 
 
 Oraeeam ubem: Quamvis quota portis faecis Achaei? 
 Jam pridem Syrus in Tiberim defluxit orontes, 
 Et linguam, et mores, et cum Tibieine Ckordas 
 Obliquas, nee non Gentilia Tympana seeum 
 Vexit, et ad cireum jussas prostare puettas. 
 
 lie, quibus grata est picta lupa barbara mitra. 
 
 ******************************************************** 
 
 Orammatieus, Rhetor, Oeometres, Pietor, Aliptes, 
 Augur, Sehoenobates, Medicus, Magis; omnia novit 
 Graeculus esuriens in coelum, jusseris, ibit. 
 
 ********************************************************* 
 Qui sumpsit pennas, Mediis sed Natus Athenis. 1 ) 
 
 Silver Latinity. 
 
 The age of Silver Latinity begins A. D. 14 or with the 
 reign of Tiberius. Why the end of one Emperor's reign should 
 conclude one style of writing and that of another give rise to 
 another style might to the average student appear strange. 
 But when it is considered that language is but the vehicle of 
 thought, and that thought is largely the offspring of environ- 
 ment or the desire for a certain set of conditions, then the 
 matter clears itself. 
 
 Under Augustus, certain kinds of literature could exist 
 and were encouraged. The government had been shaken for a 
 long time by civil wars, and the feeling that there was to be 
 security and peace under Augustus gave rise to a literature 
 which was indicative of the hopes of those who wrote. Augustus 
 himself regarding such literature as the most powerful agency 
 for bringing this hope of peace before the minds of men who 
 
 ') Sat. Ill, 60 et seq. 
 
16 
 
 had now lost their political freedom, encouraged it. It is true, 
 however, that prose was lamentably wanung in quantity during 
 his reign, but if so, it was more so, relative to the number of 
 years, during the century next following his reign. 
 
 An analysis of Silver Latinity shows the following to 
 be true. 
 
 Change of periodic style to short conversational style. 
 
 Greek constructions introduced. 
 
 Many new words adopted. Old words changed or given 
 new meaning. 
 
 Khetorical figures replace natural and proper methods. 
 
 Brilliant figurative style. 
 
 Cultivated antithesis. 
 
 Artificial rhetorical methods. 
 
 During the years 14 117, for the most part, tyranny, 
 despotism, and irresponsible emperors were the order. Men 
 could not talk, much less write. Under such conditions they 
 thought, and those who did not think simply looked on at the 
 passing scene and became ,,sour and morbid". What had been 
 the rule became the exception, and the rule came to be that 
 men in their silence became unnatural in their thoughts or 
 ways of thinking and hence their language unnatural when the 
 time came for expression. But if these thoughts determined 
 the kind of expression, they did not determine the quality. As 
 has been remarked above (Page 9), some vehicle of language 
 had to be found to reiterate crime after crime in a striking 
 way; and this all the more so on account of the recitatio. 
 Vide Page 14. Hence the elements in the above analysis, and 
 of which Tacitus stands as the example and exponent. 
 
 The Dialogus. 1 ) 
 
 It is interesting to note, and worthy of more than passing 
 thought, how much of the poetical there is in the Dialogus, 2 ) 
 
 a ) This remark on the Dialogus is made here simply to emphasize 
 the fact that the smouldering scintilla of the poetical is present and that 
 it burns more and more thru his successive works, until it bursts out in 
 full blaze in the Annals. 
 
 a ) It is assumed that Tacitus wrote the Dialogus. Beatus Ehenanus 
 (14851547) questioned the Tacitean Authorship, also Justus Lipsius (1547 
 to 1606). The work has been assigned severally, to Quintillian and Pliny. 
 
17 
 
 since in it Tacitus seeks to measure up to the Ciceronian 
 standard as far as possible; V. page 11, for it shows that Ta- 
 citus was unable to get away altogether from the poetical in- 
 fluence instilled within him by the study of the poets. 
 
 Genitive of Specification. 1 ) 
 incertus futuri 13. patientissimus veri 8. 
 
 Ablative of Place. 
 Statuar tumulo 13. Exsurgit toris 21. 
 
 Simple for Compound Verbs, 
 pellere = depellere 17. flexisse = deflexisse 19. 
 
 Quamquam with Subjunctive. 
 
 quamquam disputes 15. quamquam .... natus 
 
 sit 21. 
 
 Infinitive depending upon an adjective, 
 obnoxium offendere 10. manifestus est accingi 16. 
 probasse contentus 18. significasse contentus 23. 
 detrectasse contentus 26. 
 
 Anastrophe. 
 
 ipso quin immo 6. inde quin immo 33. impsam quin 
 immo 39. 
 
 Variety mixed with Poetical Coloring, 
 fatalis et meus dies 18. 
 
 Tacitus' Works in General. 
 A. Variety mixed with Poetical Coloring. 
 
 Nowhere does Tacitus feel the necessity of euphemism 
 more than in mentioning death, and in this he shows a great 
 variety tinctured with the poetical element. In this variety 
 found in his works, Tacitus displays that finer soul feeling and 
 keener sympathy which is alone characteristic of those who have 
 seen and felt, and possibly been compelled to aid in condemning 
 some unfortunate creature, the object of a tyrant's hatred. 
 
 *) These references will 'be found in duplicate elsewhere in the body 
 of the thesis for facility in comparison of occurence. 
 
reliquendae vitae certus an 4, 34. finis sponte sumptus ann> 
 6, 25. quaesita mors ann. 3, 16. suo ictu mortem invenire 
 ann. 1, 61, finem vitae sibi ponere ann. 6, 40. sumere exitium 
 ann. 3, 7. voluntario exitu cadere ann. 6, 40. sua manu 
 cadere an* 6, 39. mortem sponte sumere ann. 2, 66. se vita 
 privare ann. 4, 30. se ipsum interficere H. 2, 18. Voluntate 
 exstingui ann. 6, 25. vim vitae suae adferre ann. 6, 38; 12, 
 59. Vitam abstinentia finire 4, 35. egestate cibi perimi ann. 
 6, 25. (Venenum) haurire ann. 15, 64; 16, 14. gladio in- 
 cumbere ann. 5, 7. Senile manu ferrum tentare ann. 6, 9. 
 fuso per venas sanguine extinguitur H. 11, 16. per abruptas 
 
 venas sanguinem effudit ann. 6, 29. incisas venas 
 
 aperire rursum ann. 16, 19. brachia exsolvere ann. 15, 63. 
 levem ictum venis inferre ann. 5, 89. Morte fato propere 
 auferri ann. 1, 3. Mortem obire ann. 2, 83; 16, 6. Mortali- 
 tatem explere ann. 14, 4. finem vitae [implere ann. 2, 42. 
 Supremum diem explere ann. 1, 6. concedere vita ann. 1, 3; 
 3, 30; 6, 39; 12, 39; 14 ; 51. Vitam finire ann. 1, 9. fatalis 
 et meus dies D. 18, 13; H. 1, 18. Venas resolvit ann. 6, 48; 
 6, 9. abruptis brachiorum venis obiit an. 15, 59. suadente 
 venas abrumpere an. 16, 9. brachiorum venas Torquatus inter 
 scidit an. 15, 35. abscinditur venae an. 15, 16. eodem ferre 
 abscindunt venas an. 16, 11. Venae quamquam interruptae 
 parum sanguinis effundebant ann. 16, 5. defunctis regibus 
 ann. 12, 23; 2, 42; H. 5, 9. defuncto rege an. 6, 3; 1, 3; 
 1, 7; 2, 66. Marcello defuncto an. 6, 27. defuncto Augusto 
 an. 6, 27. quo defuncto an. 2, 64; 3, 56. etiam defuncto 
 necdum sepulto curiam ingressus est ann. 4, 85. quartum 
 intra mensem defuncto infante ann. 15, 23. ibi defunctis 
 fatale praesagium implevit ann. 11, 21. vitam defuncti homi- 
 nis A. 1, 13. cito extinguuntur A. 3. Extinguuntur magnae 
 
 animae A. 46. Alterum exstinguendo an. 4, 15. fuso 
 
 per venas sanguine exstinguitur H. 4, 11. ferro 
 
 veneno .... exstinctas ann. 3, 19. Morte fortuita an per vene- 
 
 num exstinctus esset an. 12, 52. quo damnati exstin- 
 
 gueretur an. 15, 64. intra annum exstinctus est Agr. 14. 
 Druso pridem exstincto an. 1, 3. Neque multo post extincto 
 Maximo an. 1, 5. Neque multo poet extinguitur an. 2, 72. 
 Si extinctus foret an. 3, 49. Drusus deinde extinguitur an. 
 
 6, 23. Seniores extinguuntur an. 16, 11. Nee 
 
 ilium sponte extinctum an. 3, 16. quam voluntate 
 
19 
 
 extinetam an. 6, 25. Athienses tot cladibus extinctos an. 2, 55. 
 
 Multo obisse an. 3, 63. obiere eo anno vivi inlustres 
 
 an. 3, 75. obiere eo anno viri nobiles an. 4, 44. obiit et An- 
 tonius an. 4, 44. obiit eodem anno et Lepidus an. 6, 27. fato 
 obiit an. 6, 10. Mortis imaginem obisse an. 15, 70. Burrus 
 concessit vita ann. 14, 51. eodem mori oppeteret nan. 2, 24. 
 eodem modo oppeterent an. 4, 50. vitam pessima morte 
 finierim an. 2, 71. vitamque .... finivit an. 4, 35. Boudicca 
 vitam veneno finivit ann. 14, 37. finita Juliorum Claudiorumque 
 domo H. 1, 16. 
 
 In the following examples Tacitus shows his poetical in- 
 stinct. Poetry is music expressed in words and music is one 
 of the soul's best possessions when truly possessed by it. So 
 poetry is a soul possession and all outside effort does not give 
 it being, but only embellishes what already is. The poetical 
 element in Tacitus is not artificial, the product simply of 
 materials in a master's hand, they are rather the articles of 
 embellishment, the articles of expression and agents of his 
 soul. The Elegy is no less poetic because it may be doleful, 
 no less beautiful because of the subject matter which it may 
 contain. So then Poetic elements are no more out of place m 
 the writings of Tacitus because they tell of direful portents 
 and awful deeds. 
 
 propinqua vespera ann. 15, 60. flexo in vesperam die ann. 
 
 1, 16. Vesperante die H. 4, 9; ann. 1, 65; 16, 34. inum- 
 brante vespera H. 3, 19. praecipiti in occasum die H. 3, 86. 
 extreme die H. 3, 10. sero diei ann. 2, 21. obscuro diei an. 
 
 2, 39. Vergente autumno an. 11, 4. Nocturnae quietas species 
 ann. 11, 4. oculorum tabe H. 4, 81. oculorum orbes = oculos 
 H. 4, 81. Vergente jam die an. 13, 38. inclinabat dies an. 
 12, 39. Ubi defecisset dies an. 15, 44. 
 
 B. Tacitus' Real Debt to Vergil. 
 
 It is possible to see that Tacitus is indebted to Vergil in 
 at least three ways, Viz: 
 
 I. Poetical words first introduced by Tacitus into Prose. 
 
 II. Certain words hitherto, in senses exclusively poetical. 
 
 III. Reminiscences. 
 
 2* 
 
20 
 
 His debt means that he laid Vergil deeply under contribution: 
 he has borrowed. The same might be , 1 in regard to Sallust 
 and Livy: i. e. they appropriated whatever they needed. This 
 was not plagiarism - - such a term was not in the Roman 
 vocabulary; and with us that is not the term to be applied. 
 In the main Tacitus borrowed simply expressions and ways of 
 saying things things which were far different from those 
 which were said by the ones from whom he borrowed. What- 
 ever he borrowed was made his own by the process of going 
 through his own mind and the process was justified by 
 the end. 
 
 The Eomans were a military and government making 
 people and were so engaged in these pursuits that their imagi- 
 nations could not operate, if they had any at all. History 
 such as Tacitus produced could not have been written at all, 
 in Latin, in 250 B. C., to say nothing of the elements which 
 we find in his works. Greek influence shows itself from be- 
 ginning to end in Roman history. The first teacher of Latin 
 and Greek at Rome was Livius Andronicus, 284 204 B. C., 
 who in order to furnish his pupils with a Latin text, translated 
 the Odyssey in verse, the old Saturnian measure. Already in 
 Greece we find well finished and completed Hexameters and 
 Iambics, and it is only plausible that a Greek teacher should 
 borrow from a language so mature in its structure and style. 
 Cn. Nevius, dr. 235 B. C., like Livius drew largely from Greek 
 sources, while Ennius, 239169 B. C., succeeded not only in 
 interesting his patrons and the nobles in Greek literature, but 
 also made vigorous use of the cultural elements in the Greek 
 masters in his own works. Caesar and Cicero had Greek 
 masters and borrowed from them; Vergil is deeply indebted to 
 the Greeks for constructions, words, and Mythology for 
 which he has been severely criticised. In the Bucolics Theo- 
 critus was his pattern; in the Georgics Hesiod; in the Aeneid 
 Homer. Horace followed Archilochus; Plautus borrowed from 
 Menander, and Propertius has been called the "Roman Calli- 
 machus". 
 
 Roman authors were judged not on their own merit, but 
 rather on how near they came to the Greek pattern. After 
 centuries of such feeling it became a Roman writer's virtue to 
 borrow in order to attain the desired end in literature. Tacitus 
 was a Roman in this respect and he could get away from this 
 
21 
 
 order of things no more than from the poetical instinct within 
 his soul. 
 
 I. Poetical words first introduced by Tacitus into Prose. 
 
 advectare = advehere an. 6, 13. Val Mac. 
 ambedere = circumrodere an. 15, 5. Verg. Aen. 3, 257. 
 brevia = syrtes an. 1, 70; 6, 33. Verg. Aen. 1, 111. 
 celerare = accelerare an. 2, 5 et al. Verg. Aen. 1, 357 et al. 
 densere = densare an. 2, 14. Verg. Aen. 12, 264; 11, 650; 7, 794. 
 didere = dare an. 11, 1. Verg. Aen. 8, 132. 
 eburnus eburneus an. 2, 83; 4, 26. Verg. Aen. 6, 647; 11, 11. 
 evincere = subigere an. 6, 42 et al. Verg. Aen. 2, 630. 
 exspes = desperatus an. 6, 24. Horace, 
 honorus = honorificus an. 1, 10 et al. Val. Flac. Stat. 
 inclementia = severitas an. 4, 42. Verg. Aen. 2, 602. 
 incustoditus = sine custodibns an. 2, 12. Ov, Mart, 
 indefessus = non defessus an. 1, 64 et al. Verg. Aen. 11, 651. 
 insatiabiliter = sine satietate an. 4, 38. Lucr. 3, 907. 
 intemeratus = integer an. 1, 42. Verg. Aen. 2, 143; 3, 178. 
 inviolabilis = inviolatus an. 3, 62 et al. Verg. Aen. 11, 363. 
 lapsare = labere an. 1, 65. Verg. Aen. 2, 551. 
 livere = invidere an. 13, 42. Verg. Aen. 7, 687. 
 Mersare = Mergere an. 15, 69. Verg. Geo. 1, 272. 
 Notescere = enotescere, fierie cognitus, an. 1,73 et al Cat. Prop, 
 penetrabilis = penetrari posse an. 2, 61. Verg. Aen. 10, 481. 
 
 Georg. 1, 93. 
 
 praescius = praesciscens an. 6, 21. Verg. 6, 66. 
 prolicere = illicere an. 3, 73. Plaut. Ovid, 
 properus = alacer, velox, citus, an. 1, 65 et al. Verg. Aen. 12, 85. 
 Solum in Tacitus with Genitive or Infinitive, 
 provisor = qui praesensionem habet an. 12, 14. Hor. 
 reclinis = reflectus an. 13, 16 et al. Ovid, 
 secundare = facere prosperus an. 2, 24. Verg. Aen. 3, 36. 
 son or = fremitus an. 1, 65. Verg. Aen. 9, 651. 
 transmovere = transferre an. 13, 35. Ter. Mart, 
 trudis = pertica acuta an. 3, 46. Verg. Aen. 5, 208. 
 Valescere = esse validus an. 2, 39 et al. Lucr. 
 
 II. Words hitherto exclusively poetical. 
 
 abitus = exitus an. 14, 37. Verg. Aen. 9, 380. 
 circumfluus = circumventus aqua an. 6, 37. Ov. 
 
99 
 
 uft 
 
 cura = opus scriptorum an. 3, 24. Ov. 
 
 demissus = natus an. 12, 58. Verg. Geo. 3, 35. 
 
 educere = exstruere an. 2, 61 et al. Verg. Aen. 2, 186. 
 
 evictus = exoratus an. 4, 57 et al. Verg. Aen. 4, 548 et al. 
 
 intentatus = inexpertus an. 1, 50 et al. Verg. Aen. 10, 39. 
 
 sistere = aedificare an. 4, 37 et al. Sil. 
 
 ampliare = augere H. 2, 78. 
 
 componere = seppelire an. 1, 47. Verg. Aen. 1, 249. 
 
 exercere = colere Ag. 31. an. 13, 54; 12, 43. Ger. 29. Verg. 
 
 Aen. 4, 110. 
 exigere = degere H. 1, 47. A. 38. H. 3, 33. an. 3, 16. Verg. 
 
 Aen. 1, 75. 
 
 proveuire = fortunare H. 2, 20. 
 scriptura = liber an. 4, 32; 3, 31. 
 ferratus = ferro armatus H. 4, 29. 
 flagitium = efflagitis an 4, 51. 
 flagitium = verba flagitiosa an. 1, 27. 
 flagitium = dedecus an. 3, 17. 
 
 amovere = relegare an. 1, 53; 2, 58; 4, 21. Verg. Aen. 6, 524. 
 cohibere = regere H. 1, 11. Verg. Aen. 12, 405. 
 gravare augere an. 14, 12. 
 auraria = fodina an. 6, 19. 
 
 adolere = cremare an. 6, 28; 14, 30. H. 2, 3. Verg. Aen. 7, 71. 
 aegrescere = dolere an. 15, 25. Verg. Aen. 12, 46. 
 ardescere = fulgere an. 15, 54. Verg. Aen. 1, 713. 
 contenninus = finitimus G. 36. an. 1, 60; 11, 16; 15, 1; 3, 
 
 45. H. 4, 67. 
 contiguus = finitimus an. 2, 60; 6, 45; 15, 38. Verg. Aen. 
 
 10, 457. 
 
 convectare = conferre H. 3, 27. Verg. Aen. 4, 405. 
 crebrescere = crescere H. 3, 34; 4, 12; 2, 67. an. 3, 60; 2, 39. 
 
 Verg. Aen. 12, 407. 
 
 deserta = regiones vastas an. 3, 21. Verg. Aen. 1, 384. 
 desolatus = solus relictus an. 1, 30; 12, 26; 16, 30; Verg. 
 
 Aen. 11, 870. 
 
 despectare = despicere H. 2, 30. an. 2, 43. Verg. Aen. 1, 396. 
 evalescere = posse G. 28. H. 1, 80. Verg. Aen. 7, 757. 
 evincere = supero H. 4, 53. an. 6, 42; 15. 2; 11, 4. Verg. 
 
 Aen. 2, 630. 
 
 exspes = desperatus an. 6, 24. 
 exuberare abundare D. 30. an. 15, 53. Verg. Aen. 7, 465. 
 
23 
 
 fatiscere = deficere an. 3, 38; 6, 7; 14, 24; 16, 5. Verg. Geo. 
 
 1, 180. 
 feralis = adj. = ad inferos, funus pertinet G. 43. H. 1, 37. 
 
 an. 2, 31; 2, 75; 3, 1; 14, 30; Subst. mortem fereno, 
 
 funestus an. 1, 62. H. 5, 25. an. 4, 64. Verg. 
 
 Aen. 6, 216; 4, 462. 
 flammare = incendere H. 2, 74; 4, 24. an. 15, 44. Verg. 
 
 Aen. 1, 50. 
 gestamen = vehiculum = carpentum an. 11, 33; 2, 2; 14, 4; 
 
 15, 57. 
 
 grandaevus = senes H. 3, 33. Verg. Aen. 5, 287 et al. 
 gravescere = augeri an. 1, 5; 6, 46; 14, 51. Verg. Geo. 2, 429. 
 illuvies = inundatis, eluvies, an. 12, 51. H. 4, 46. an. 4, 28; 
 
 6, 43; 1, 24. Verg. Aen. 3, 593. 
 immotus = stabilis, imperturbatus H. 1, 10. an. 15, 36; 1, 47; 
 
 15, 59; 15, 23. G. 40. an. 4, 32; 15, 27; 15, 46; 
 
 1, 51; 4, 50; 14, 37. G. 45. H. 1, 86. an. 16,15; 
 
 2, 29. Verg. Aen. 3, 77; 1, 257. 
 impervius = invius, impenetrabilis an. 3, 31; 15, 43. 
 inausus = intentatus an. 1, 42. Verg. Aen. 7, 308. 
 indecoris = non speciosus; id quod dedecet H. 1, 74. inhonestus 
 
 H. 1, 33; 2, 91. an. 3, 52; 3, 66. contemptus A. 16. 
 
 Verg. Aen. 7, 231; 11, 423; 11, 845. 
 indigus = egens H. 1, 24; 3, 22; 3, 48; 5, 2. Verg. Geo. 
 
 2, 428. 
 
 indistinctus = sine dignitate an. 6, 8. 
 
 inemptus = non emptus largitione H. 2, 60. Verg. Geo. 4, 133. 
 iniectus = induere an. 6, 50. Verg. Eel. 6, 19. 
 innectare =- jungere, implicare H. 4, 46; 4, 53; 4, 68. an. 6, 37; 
 
 16, 14; 3, 10. Verg. Aen. 4, 51. 
 insenescere = fit grandior an. 4, 6. 
 
 insurgere = surgere se attolere G. 39. A. 35. an. 2, 16; 1, 
 
 2; 11, 16. Verg. Aen. 5, 443. 
 junctissimus = valde junctus H. 4, 52. 
 lentescere = fieri lentus G. 45. Verg. Geo. 2, 250. 
 ligere = vincere G. 39. H. 4, 53. Verg. Aen. 2, 217. 
 magniloquus = gloriosus, jactans, vaniloquus A. 27. 
 marcere = esse iners H. 3, 36. G. 36. 
 marcidus = somno gravis an. 6, 4. 
 meatus = cursus, iter volatu H. 1, 62. an. 6, 28. G. 1. an. 
 
 14, 51. Verg. Aen. 6, 849. 
 
24 
 
 monstrator = demonstrator, inventor G. 21. Verg. Geo. 1, 19. 
 obliquare = reflectere, revertere G. 38. Verg. Aen. 5, 16. 
 obumbrare = obscurare H. 2, 32. Verg. Aen. 12, 578. 
 occursus = congressus H. 3, 84; 2, 88. an. 4, 60; 15, 58. 
 
 14, 5; 16, 24. 
 
 pervigil = valde vigil an. 1, 65. 
 
 placitus = jucundus an. 2, 66; 4, 37. Verg. Aen. 4, 38. 
 placitus = Subst. an. 1, 80; 3, 69; 14, 22. D. 19. Verg. 
 
 Eel. 7, 27. 
 refusus = redundans H. 1, 86. Verg. Geo. 2, 163. Aen. 
 
 7, 225. 
 praesagus = vaticanus H. 2^ 1 ; 3, 9. an. 9, 27. Verg. Aen. 
 
 10, 177. 
 praesumere = praevenire, praecipere an. 14, 3; 1, 48. H. 1, 
 
 62. Verg. Aen. 11, 18. 
 proculcare = conculcare, perequitare H. 3, 81; 1, 40. Verg, 
 
 Aen. 12, 534. 
 
 prolicere = excitare an. 13, 48; 3, 73. 
 propitiare = conciliare an. 15, 44. D. 9. 
 provisor = qui praesensionem habet an. 12, 4. Hor. 
 puellaris = juvenilis an. 14, 2. 
 ramale = ramus arefactus an. 13, 58. 
 rebellis = seditiosus H. 4, 15, 72. an-. 3, 15; 14, 39. Verg. 
 
 Aen. 6, 858. 
 
 receptare = recipere an. 4, 41. Verg. Aen. 10, 383. 
 recludere = aperire an 4, 70; 14, 44. Verg. Aen. 1, 358. 
 recursare = reverti H. 2, 78. Verg. Aen. 1, 662. 
 refugus = regressus H. 2, 24; 3, 61. 
 regnator = rex G. 39. Verg. Aen. 2, 779 et al. 
 resumere = renovare H. 2, 41. an. 12, 15; 13, 51. iterare 
 
 H. 5, 8. an. 3, 40; 14, 31. 
 revelare = aperire G. 31. , 
 
 rigor = severitas G. 16. an. 2, 23. Verg. Geo. 1, 143. 
 sinistre = non propitium H. 1, 7; 3, 52. Verg. Eel. 9, 15. 
 shmare = flectere, curvare an. 6, 37. H. 5, 2. G. 35. Verg. 
 
 Aen. 2, 208. 
 
 solidare = munire H. 2, 19. Verg. Geo. 1, 179. 
 subvectare = subvehere an. 15, 43. Verg. Aen. 11, 131. 
 suffugium = perfugium an. 4, 47; 3, 74. G. 16, 46. an. 4, 
 
 66; 14, 58. 
 suspectare = instare H. 4, 23, 30; 3, 82. 
 
25 
 
 tabum = sanies, sanguis H. 2, 70; 3, 35. an. 2, 69, Verg. 
 
 Aen. 3, 29; 11, 737. 
 
 temnere = contemnere H. 3, 47. Verg. Aen. 1, 665. 
 tenuare = extenuare an. 15, 63. Verg, Geo. 3, 129. 
 tremor = motus an. 14, 27. Verg. Geo. 2, 479. 
 undare = abundare H. 5, 6. an. 6, 39. Verg. Aen. 2, 609. 
 velamen = vestitus G. 17. Verg. Aen. 6, 221. 
 experientia = usus an. 13, 8. H. 2, 76. an. 1, 46; 13, 6 
 
 et al. Verg. Georg. 1, 4. 
 regnatrix = regina an. 1, 4. 
 
 festinavisse = transitive an. 1, 6. Verg. Aen. 4, 575. 
 diversus = separatus an. 13, 48; 14, 57. Verg. Aen. 9, 623. 
 
 remotus an. 1, 17. Verg. Aen. 3, 4. 
 piaculo = piamento an. 1, 30. Verg. Aen. 6, 569. 
 species = acies occulorum an. 11, 31. Verg. Aen. 2, 407. 
 triste = substantive an. 15, 31. Verg. Eel. 3, 80. 
 annus = proventus anni A. 31. G, 14. 
 transigere = transfigere an. 2, 68; 14, 37; 9, 9. 
 transmittere = transire silentia H. 4, 31. 
 medicamen = medicamentum an. 12, 51; 14, 6; 4, 57; 12, 
 
 67; 14, 51. 
 fragmen = fragmentum H. 5, 6. an. 1, 61. Verg. Aen. 9, 
 
 569. 
 tegumen = tegumentum H. 1, 79. an. 2, 21. G. 17. Verg. 
 
 Aen. 1, 275; 3, 594; 9, 577; 11, 77. 
 pueperium = partus an. 12, 6; 15, 23. 
 sinister == malus A. 5. H. 1, 51. an. 6, 32; 11, 19; 1, 74. 
 
 Verg. Geo. 1, 444. 
 lymphati = turibundi H. 1, 82. an. 1, 32. Verg. Aen. 7, 
 
 377. 
 indiscretis = individuus H. 4, 52. promiscuus an. 15, 32. 
 
 confusus an. 1, 35. Verg. Aen. 10, 392. 
 inausum = intentatus an. 1, 42. Verg. Aen. 7, 308; 2, 143. 
 intemeratum = immodicum an. 1, 42. Verg. Aen. 7, 308. 
 causatus = agens an. 1, 47; 13, 44. 
 egenam = inopem an. 1, 53. Verg. Aen. 1, 599. 
 inofensum = non interruptus an. 1, 56. 
 resulto = resono an. 1, 65. 
 oberro = pervagor an. 1, 65. 
 lapsantes = labentes an. 1, 65. 
 fretum = mare an. 1, 70. 
 
26 
 
 stagnaverat = inundare an. 1, 76. Ov. Met. 15, 269. 
 
 dedignor = contemnere an. 2, 2. 
 
 ^xplorare = tentare an. 2, 12. 
 
 adsultibus = impetum an. 2, 21. Verg. Aen. 5, 442. 
 
 regimen = gubernaculum or clavis an. 2, 23. Ov. Met. 11, 
 
 552. 
 
 recluderent = aperirent an. 2, 25. Verg. Geo. 2, 423. 
 stirps = poster! an. 2, 37. Ov. Trist. 3, 14, 14. Verg. Aen. 
 
 6, 864. 
 
 vanescere = evanescere an. 2, 40; 2, 82; 4, 37; 5, 9. 
 despectare = despicere an. 2, 43. H. 2, 30. 
 religit = oram legere an. 2, 54. 
 eductae = instructae an. 2, 61. Verg. Aen. 2, 186. 
 defectum = debilitatum an. 2, 70. participle chiefly poetical 
 
 cf. Ovid Met. 10, 194. lib. 2, 5, 75. 
 gratantis = gratulantis an. 2, 75; 6, 21; 12, 7; 14, 8. 
 derupto = abrupto an. 2, 80; 6, 21; 4, 45. Lucr. 
 fidissimum tutissimum an. 3, 1. Verg. Aen. 2, 23, 400. 
 adrecta = excitata videre an. 3, 11. 
 meditans = exercitans an. 3, 31. Verg. Eel. 1, 2 et al. 
 expediam exponam an. 4, 1. Verg. Aen. 3, 379, 460. 
 demutare = mutare an. 4, 16. 
 demissum = ortum an. 12, 58. Verg. Geo. 3, 35. Aen. 1, 
 
 288. Hor. Sat. 2, 5, 63. 
 rapi = diripi an. 13, 6. Verg. Aen. 2, 374. 
 inducit == adducit an. 13, 39. Verg. Aen. 11, 620. 
 fluvialibus = fluviis an. 13, 57. 
 fetus = surculus an. 13, 58. Verg. Geo. 2, 69 et al. 
 vocans = invocans an. 13, 55. Verg. Aen. 3, 264. 
 involvunt = implicunt an. 14, 30. Verg. Geo. 2, 308. 
 involvuntur = implicuntur an. 1, 70. Verg. Aen. 6, 336. 
 fibris = extis an. 14, 30. H. 2, 3. Verg. Geo. 1, 484. 
 exsultabant = subsaltabant an. 14, 34. Verg. Aen. 11, 663. 
 sonores = sonitus an. 14, 36. 
 
 intorquenda = jacienda an. 14, 36. Verg. Aen. 2, 231. 
 expedire = exponere an. 14, 35; 4, 1. Verg. Aen. 3, 379, 
 
 460. 
 
 evalesceret = fieret validus an. 14, 58. Verg. Aen. 7, 757. 
 volens = habens in animo an, 15, 1. Verg. Geo. 4, 501. 
 evinxit = circumvinxit an. 15, 2; 6, 42. H. 4, 53. Verg. 
 
 Aen. 5, 269. 
 
27 
 
 aegresceret = fieret pejor an. 15, 25. Verg. Aen. 12, 46. 
 
 Lucr. 5, 350. 
 
 ingruente = irruente an. 15, 3. Verg. Aen. 12, 628. 
 tractu = regione an. 15, 37. Verg. Geo. 3, 183. Val Mac. 
 
 6, 359. 
 
 solidarentur = facere solidum an. 15, 43. Verg. Geo. 1, 179. 
 propitiata = facere propitium an. 15, 44. D. 9. 
 tenuatum = facere tenuem an. 15, 63. Hor. Sat. 2, 2, 84 
 
 et al. 
 
 obolitum = deletum an. 16, 6. Verg. Aen. 4, 497. G. 3, 560. 
 adsimilatis = fictis an. 16, 17. Verg. Aen. 10, 639. 
 indefessum = non defessum an. 16, 22. Verg. Aen. 11, 651. 
 spargens = adspergens an. 16, 35. Lucr. 2, 195. Hor. Epod. 
 
 5, 25. 
 adscire = adsciscere an. 1, 3. H. 4, 24, 80. Verg. Aen. 
 
 12, 38. 
 
 celerare = contendere an. 2, 5. Verg. 
 de nomine = poetical phrase an. 1, 15; 6, 34. Lucr. 6, 908. 
 
 Verg. Aen. 1, 277. 
 
 causatus = agens an. 1, 47; 13, 44. 
 fida an. 1, 52. applied to inanimate objects is poetical, 
 temeravit = contaminare an. 1, 53. Verg. Aen. 6, 840. 
 properavit an. 1, 56. when transitive is particularly poetical, 
 explorandos = tentandos an. 2, 12. 
 claudae = infirmae an. 2, 24. Lucr. 4, 436. Verg. Aen. 5, 
 
 271. 
 secreti = refugii an. 2, 39 ; 4, 54, 57 ; 14, 53. Verg. Geo. 
 
 4, 403. 
 crebrescit = fama auget an. 2, 39. H. 2, 67. Verg. Aen. 
 
 12, 222. 
 
 properantius = comparative is poetical, an. 2, 55. 
 accitu =. used only in ablative singular, an. 2, 80. Aen. 
 
 1, 677. 
 
 silentia = plural confined to poets, an. 2, 82. Verg. Aen. 
 
 2, 255. 
 
 exalto = in mare aperto an. 3, 1. Verg. Geo. 3, 288. 
 quatenus = quoniam an. 3, 16. D. 5. Lucr. Hor. Ov. 
 visis (passive use chiefly poetical) an. 3, 42; 2, 31. H. 3, 62. 
 
 Aen. 1, 326. 
 
 restantibus = resistantibus. 
 ausis = in the passive chiefly poetical, an. 3, 69. Aen. 9, 320. 
 
28 
 
 tumidos = iratos an. 4, 12. 
 
 raptabat = populabat an. 4, 23; 12, 54; 13, 6. Verg. Aen. 
 
 2, 374. 
 contusis = superatis A. 4, 46; 12, 31. H. 4, 28. Verg. Aen. 
 
 1, 264. 
 persultabant = insiliebant an. 4, 47; 11, 9. H. 5, 15. Lucr. 
 
 1, 14. 
 
 adsimulabat = simulabat an. 4, 59. Verg. Aen. 10, 639. 
 terga = pelles an. 4, 72; 15, 44. H. 2, 88. Verg. Aen. 
 
 1, 368. 
 corpora = a periphrasis an. 4, 72. Verg. Aen. 9, 273. Cf. 
 
 liberis corporibus Aen. 12, 17, 1. 
 verbere = rare and poetical in the singular, an. 6, 4; 6, 24. 
 
 G. 19. 
 
 populatores = raptores an. 12, 27. 
 vapore = calore an. 11, 3; 3, 44; 14, 6; 15, 55. 
 discors = inimicus an. 11, 14. 
 clarescere = fieri inclitus an. 11, 16. Lucr. 5, 833. 
 desolatus = deprivatus an. 12, 26; 1, 30. Stat. Theb. 9, 672. 
 
 Apul. Met. 4, 24, 290. 
 
 aspectat = aspicit an. 12, 32. Verg. Aen. 1, 420. 
 pignora = liberi an. 12, 2 et al. Prop. 4 (5), 11, 72. Ov. 
 
 Met. 11, 543. 
 regnari = personal use poetical, an. 13, 54. H. 1, 16. G. 
 
 25, 44. 
 
 triumphari = personal use poetical, an. 12, 19. 
 dubitari = personal use poetical, an. 14, 7. 
 ministrari = personal use poetical. G. 44. 
 fetus = surculus an. 13, 58. Verg. Geo. 2, 69 et al. 
 praegredientem = praeter gredientem an. 14, 23. 
 obnoxios == obligates, serviles H. 1, 1. Verg. Geo. 1, 396. 
 mucronibus = gladiis H. 1, 27. 
 fatigabat = moliebatur deos precibus H. 1, 29. Lucr. 2, 
 
 1237. 
 
 hausisse = animo fingere H. 1, 51. Verg. Aen. 10, 648. 
 derimitur = dividitur H. 1, 76. Verg. Aen. 8, 226, 
 communus = suis ipsis manibus H. 2, 35. Verg. Gen. 1, 104. 
 die == sole H. 3, 86. 
 sors = responsum H. 4, 83. 
 obiectu = prominentia H. 5, 14; 3, 9. Verg. Aen. 1, 59. 
 
29 
 
 III. Reminiscences. 
 
 Exigitur enim jam ab oratore et jam poeticus decor, non 
 Accii aut Pacuvii veterano inquinatus, sed ex Horatii et Vir- 
 gilii et Lucani Sacrario Prolatus. D. 20. 
 
 Immotum fixumque an. 1, 47. fixum immotumque 
 
 Aen. 4, 15. 
 
 armorum facies an. 1, 49. Laborum facies Aen. 6, 108. 
 
 exercitum rapit an. 1, 56. rapit . . . aciem Aen. 10, 308. 
 
 vulnus adactum an. 1, 61. vulnus adactum Aen. 10, 850. 
 
 excindit .... hostem an. 2, 25. Exscindere gentem Aen. 9, 137. 
 manus .... voces .... tendens an. 2, 29. tendoque cum 
 
 voce manus Aen. 3, 17. 
 
 conlustrans cuncta an. 2, 45. omnia conlustrans Aen. 3, 651. 
 instar montium an. 2, 61. instar mentis Aen. 2, 15. 
 hastas .... ingerere an. 2, 81. ingerit hastas Aen. 9, 763. 
 quae fiducia reo an. 3, 11. quae sit fiducia capto Aen. 2, 75. 
 argenti et auri pondus an. 3, 53. Argenti pontus et auri. 
 
 Aen. 1, 359. 
 Si incubuissent an. 4, 24. turn vero incumbunt 
 
 Aen. 9, 73. 
 contusis . . . gentibus an. 4, 46. populusque . . . contundet 
 
 Aen. 1, 264. 
 
 vivoque in saxo an. 4, 55. vivo . . . saxo Aen. 1, 167. 
 sermonem abrumpere an. 4, 60. sermonem abrumpit Aen. 
 
 4, 388. 
 
 gravis exitus an. 4, 74. Manet . . . gravis exitus Aen. 10, 630. 
 rupta voce an. 6, 20. rumpit vocem Aen. 2, 129. 
 fusam humi an. 11, 37. fusus humi Aen. 6, 423. 
 poenas .... expenderet an. 12, 19. expendere poenas Aen. 
 
 10, 669. 
 
 locorum fraude an. 12, 33. fraude loci Aen. 9, 397. 
 rapiunt deripiunt an. 13, 6. Aen. 2, 374. 
 
 pieces fundentes an. 14, 30. funditque preces Aen. 6, 55. 
 
 belli commercium an. 14, 33. belli commerci Aen. 10, 532. 
 pacem .... abrumpunt an. 15, 2. fas omne abrumpit Aen. 
 
 3, 55. 
 fessis rebus succurreret an. 15, 50. rebus succurite fessis 
 
 Aen. 11, 335. 
 
 mortis imaginem an. 15, 70. mortis imago Aen. 2, 369. 
 abrumperet vitam an. 16, 28. abrumpere vitam Aen. 8, 579. 
 
30 
 
 arma rapuerunt an. 1, 49.1 
 
 ' \ arma rapiatque Aen. 7, 340; 8, 220. 
 arma rapmnt an. 2, 19. J 
 
 vulnus adegit an. 6. 35. 1 .. 
 
 vulnera derigebant H. 2, 35.1 7olnera dengere Aen " 10 ' 140 ' 
 
 abruptis vinculis an. 1, 66. abruptis vinculis Aen. 11, 492. 
 
 patriis omnibus an. 1, 80. 1 
 
 insignibus patriis an. 15, 29. j abletlbus patms Aen " 9 ' 692 ' 
 
 auro solida an. 2, 33. 1 
 
 anro solidas an. 13, 10. 1 auro sohdl Aen " 2 ' 765 ' 
 
 spolia derepta an. 2, 45. { s P olia ' ' ' d <*P ta Aen " "' 193 ' 
 
 I arma derepta Hor. Od. 3, 5, 19. 
 
 litorum oram an. 2, 78. litoris oram Geo. 2, 44. 
 quantum liceret an. 3, 15. tantum . . . licuit Aen. 6, 502. 
 
 plura revolvo an. 3, 18. ingrata revolvo Aen. 2, 101. 
 
 spargit bellum an. 3, 21. 1 
 
 spai beUum Agr. 38. ] spargam arma per agros Aen " 7 ' 55L 
 secundo rumore an. 3, 29. secundo rumore Aen. 8, 90. 
 somno et vino procumbere an. 4, 48. somno vinoque soluti 
 
 Aen. 4, 474. 
 
 precibus evictus an. 4, 57. evicta dolore Aen. 4, 474. 
 fidentem animi an. 4, 59. fidens animi Aen. 2, 61. 
 sibi ignoscit an. 6, 6. ignotum dare nobis Hor. Sat. 1, 3, 23. 
 praestantissimus sapientiae an. 6, 7. praestans animi Aen. 
 
 12, 19. 
 
 tota mole regni an. 6, 36. 1 
 
 tota mole belli H. 1, 61. / toto ' ' ' cor P ore re ^ m Aen ' U ' 3 
 dedita . . . fama an. 11, 1. tua terris dedita fama Aen. 8, 132. 
 laeta in praesens an. 11, 15. laetus in praesens animus Hor. 
 
 Od. 2, 16, 25. 
 pellibus accinctae an. 11, 31. incinctae pellibus hastas Aen. 
 
 7, 396. 
 
 fluxa arma H. 2, 99. fluxos .... astrinxit amictus Lucr. 2, 362. 
 lacrimae et questos inriti ducebantur an. 11, 37. ducere voces 
 
 Aen. 4, 463. 
 hostes ingruit an. 12, 12. ingruit Aeneas Aen. 12, 628. 
 
 f in amicitiam coeant Aen. 7, 546. 
 in societatem coeant an, 12, 15. J coeant in foedera dextrae Aen. 
 
 I 11, 292. 
 
 subtrahere oculis an. 13, 17. teque aspectune subtrahe nostro 
 
 Aen. 6, 465. 
 rerum mortalium an. 13, 19. mentem mortalia tangunt Aen. 1, 462. 
 
saltusque indogine cingunt Aen. 4, 121. velut indagine an. 
 
 13, 42. 
 concession Caveae an. 13, 54. Lucr. 4, 78. Caveae concession 
 
 Aen. 5, 340. 
 
 ira cladis an. 13, 57. ereptae virginis ira Aen. 2, 413. 
 in longum an. 14, 4. in longum ducis amores Verg. Eel. 9, 56. 
 
 adolere aras an. 14, 30. 1 T 
 
 } Lucr. 4, 1237. Aen. 7, 71. 
 altana adolentur H. 2, 3. J 
 
 saxa ac faces an. 14, 45. faces et saxa volant Aen. 1, 150. 
 
 pabulo attrito an. 15, 16. I 
 
 attritis opibus H. 1, 10. / attritus vomer Verg. Geo. 1, 146. 
 
 attritis rebus H. 2, 56. j 
 
 sui muneris an. 15, 52. totum muneris hoc tui est Hor. Od. 
 4, 3, 21. 
 
 rapit = raptim ducit an. 15, 8. mille rapit populos Aen. 7, 725. 
 
 pars .... erit an. 15, 72. quorum pars magna fui Aen. 2, 6. 
 
 miscuerunt manus an. 2, 15. Prop. 2, 27, 8. 
 
 miser e ictus Agr. 36. Miscent proelia Verg. Geo. 2, 282. 
 
 quae regnantur H. 1, 16. in quantum Germani regnatur an. 
 13, 54. regnate per arva Aen. 6, 793. 
 
 reliquias .... sectionum H. 1, 90. an. 5, 20. reliquiae Da- 
 naum Aen. 1, 30. 
 
 speculatorum lecta corpora H. 2, 11. lectissima matrum cor- 
 pora Aen. 9, 272. 
 
 barbarum tegimen H. 2, 20. barbara tegmina Aen. 11, 777. 
 
 seditionibus pot ens H. 2, 86. seditione potens Aen. 11, 340. 
 
 ingentibus telis horrentes H. 2, 88. horridus in jaculis et 
 pelle Aen. 5, 37. 
 
 recens caede vestigia H. 3, 19. 1 
 
 i TT * nn ( recentem caede locum Aen. 9, 4, 55, 
 recens victoria miles H. 3, 77. J 
 
 omne imagine mortium H. 3, 18. plurima mortis imago Aen. 
 
 2, 369. 
 
 nova laborum facies H. 3, 30. laborum facies Aen. 6, 103. 
 gravia auro . . . dona H. 3, 32. dona dehinc auro gravia 
 
 Aen. 
 in ignem considerent H. 3, 32. considere in ignis Aen. 2, 
 
 624; 9, 145. 
 
 terret solitude H. 3, 84. ipsa silentia terrent Aen. 2, 755. 
 altius expediam H. 4, 12. Altus omnem expediam Verg. 
 
 Geor. 4, 286. 
 
32 
 
 G. Tacitus' Probable Debt i jrgil. 
 
 I. Substantival use of adjectives. 
 
 In Tacitus we find that the substantival use of adjectives, 
 particularly in the neuter singular and plural, is more frequent 
 than in the classics. This use is closely paralleled in Vergil. 
 
 populi Eomani prospera an. 1, 1. H. 3, 13. A. 27. an. 14, 
 
 38; 1, 64. 
 . vel adversa an. 1, 1; 3, 15. A. 27. H. 4, 52. 
 
 per conciliabula et coetus seditiosa an. 3, 40. 
 
 quin et femina inlustres informia meditari an. 14, 15. 
 
 diverse terrarum destineri an. 3, 59; 1, 47; 6, 33; 13, 15. 
 
 adire municipia obscuro diei an. 2, 39. H. 2, 14; 1, 22. an. 
 4, 58. 
 
 incerta belli metueris an. 4, 23; 2, 39; 3, 54. H. 1, 26: 2, 77. 
 
 ambigua sonitus an. 4, 50. 
 
 ambigua culti an. 11, 15. H. 2, 86. 
 
 inter dubia G. 30. H. 3, 73 ; 2, 33. an. 12, 5. 
 
 fortuita H. 2, 1 ; 2, 60; 4, 5. an. 15, 36. 
 
 in tuta H. 3, 76; 1, 33. an. 1, 38; 12, 36. 
 
 certa H. 4, 81. G. 30. 
 
 avia an. 12, 20; 15, 11; 13, 87; 14, 23. H. 2, 85. 
 
 inacessa H. 4, 50. 
 
 angusta H. 3, 82; 4, 35. 
 
 ardua H. 4, 70. an. 11, 9. 
 
 lubrica H. 3, 82. 
 
 edita an. 15, 27; 15, 38; 12, 56. 
 
 obstantia H. 4, 81; an. 1, 50. 
 
 opportuna an. 4, 24. 
 
 amoena H. 3, 76. an. 3, 7. 
 
 plana an. 2, 20; 15, 27; 4, 65. H. 3, 42. A. 12. 
 
 subjecta an. 1, 64; 1, 65. 
 
 aperta G. 16. an. 1, 56; 2, 17; 2, 23; 1, 51; 2, 47. 
 ^ profunda A. 25. an. 1, 70; 2, 24. 
 
 secreta an. 4, 7; 3, 30; 4, 67; 15, 55. G. 19. 
 
 saeva an. 1, 6; 3, 23; 15, 10; 11, 8; 4, 67. 
 J subita an. 14, 55. A. 37. H. 5, 13. 
 
 occulta an. 2, 88. 
 
 operta H. 3, 65. 
 
 idonea an. 4, 5. 
 
 vana an. 4, 59; 3, 50; 4, 9; 1, 9. 
 
33 
 
 inania H. 3, 1\? o*. 31; 3, 13. A. 6. H. 2, 69. 
 
 falsa an. 2, 8? 16, 8; 2, 57. H. 2, 70; 4, 4. 
 
 tacita an. 4, 41. 
 
 longinqua A. 37. an. 15, 11 ; 6, 36; 3, 34. 
 
 prima an. 2, 16; 6, 32; 4, 12. A. 18. H. 2, 11. 
 
 extrema an. 1, 1. A. 28. H. 2, 47. 
 
 summa A, 37. D. 10. H. 3, 29; 2, 75. an. 1, 68; 2, 17. 
 
 praecipua an. 13, 13; 4, 40; 4, 41. 
 
 reliqua an. 13, 50; 15, 16; 3, 54; 4, 51. 
 
 cetera an. 1, 7; 3, 24; 6, 12; 14, 32. H. 3, 20. 
 
 alia H. 3, 51; 2, 94. D. 38. an. 2, 72; 2, 30. H. 1, 86. 
 
 pauca an. 1, 9; 3, 34. G. 43. H. 2, 4. D. 28. 
 
 multa an. 1, 9; 12, 33; 5, 7; 3, 28. H. 5, 20. 
 
 vera an. 4, 58; 3, 10; 16, 2; 1, 6. H. 4, 50. 
 
 properantia = properatione an. 12, 20. 
 
 II. Neuter adjectives or participles used substantively, 
 
 found in Vergil. 
 
 in convexo nemorum Aen. 1, 310. strata viarum 1, 422. sata 
 laeta (segitis) 2, 306. Angusta viarum 2, 332. opaca lucorum 
 2, 725. Namque avia cursu 2, 736. Caerula verrunt 3, 208. 
 aulai medio libabant 3, 354. Si venis implet Apollo 3, 434. 
 brevia 1, 111. inculta 1, 308. deserta 1, 384. extrema 1, 
 577. prima 5, 194; 5, 388. lubrica 5, 335. ardua 5, 695. 
 laeva 5, 825. secreta 6, 10. obscuris vera 6, 100. convexa 
 6, 241; 6, 750. opaca 6, 633. avia 9, 58. mediis 10, 407. 
 Strato surgit 3, 513. caeli medio 4, 184. rapto potitur 4, 
 217. stratisque reponunt 4, 392. caeli convexa 4, 451. coeptis 
 immanibus 4, 642. tranquillo 5, 127. summa 5, 180. sereni 
 5, 851. operta 6, 140. ad convexa 6, 241. opaca 6, 633. 
 convexa 6, 750. alta 6, /787. medio tecti 7, 59. deserta 7, 
 404. medio Italiae 7, 563. rapto 7, 749; 9, 613. coeptis 8, 
 15. pinguia 8, 63. medium caeli 8, 63. ardua 8, 221. parto 
 8, 317. extrema 8, 333. alta 9, 81. ima 9, 120. medio 9, 
 230. ausis 9, 281. audacibus adnue coeptis 9, 625. Aevomque 
 10, 235. convexa 10, 251. 
 
 III. Transitive Accusative, 
 recentissimum quodque vulnus pavens H. 3, 56. 
 dum irnminentium oblitus incerta pavet an. 5, 4. 
 qui eadem pavebant an. 15, 11. 
 
34 
 
 quid ita Marcellus judicium magistratuum pavesceret H. 4, 7. 
 
 ne seditiosum exercitum pavescerent an. 1, 59. 
 
 ne muliebre et fanaticum agmen pavescerent an. 14, 30. 
 
 nee speciem adulantis expaveris H. 2, 76. 
 
 caeli regem pavere sub antro Verg. Greo. 4, 152. 
 
 IV. Compound verbs used by Tacitus with a simple accusative 
 where a repitition of the preposition or a dative would 
 
 be regular. 
 
 ut ripam Euphratis accederet an. 2, 58. 
 quia societatem nostram volentes accesserant an. 12, 31. 
 ut quamque nationem accesserat an. 14, 35. 
 ut quosque accesserat H. 3, 24. 
 adcurrerent .... primas . . . pugionem an. 15, 53. 
 ut quosque advectus erat an. 2, 45. 
 pugnam aut vincula elapsi an. 1, 61. 
 Pontum erumpens an. 12, 63. 
 
 donee . minor . . . filius lubricum juventae exiret an. 6, 49. 
 qui cognitionem intervenerant an. 3, 23. 
 inrepere paulatim militares animos adeundo an. 4, 2. 
 Liviam uxorem Drusi praecellebat an. 2, 43. 
 qui castra praejacet 12, 36. 
 ludos circenses eburna effigies praeiret an. 2, 83. 
 aliqua cetera imperia praemineret an. 3, 56. 
 et saepe urbis adsidens extremam senectam an. 4, 58. 
 adsidendo castellum an. 6, 43. 
 quos inciderat H. 3, 29. 
 adeoque improvisi castra involavere H. 4, 33. 
 turn animos cupido involat an. 1, 49. 
 
 qui nunc patientiam senis et segnitiam . . . insultet an. 4, 59. 
 dum histrio cubiculum principis insultaverit an. 11, 28. 
 id Tiberii animum altius penetravit an. 1, 69. 
 Tiberium .... penetravit an. 3, 4. 
 Mox iter L. Lucullo quondam penetratum an. 15, 27. 
 
 V. Verbs which in Vergil become transitive in process of 
 
 composition, as the examples above in Tacitus, 
 accestis scopulos Aen. 1, 201. 
 evasisse viam Aen. 2, 731. 
 juvat evasisse tot urbes Aen. 3, 282. 
 sic fata gradus evaserat altos Aen. 4, 685. 
 
35 
 
 evaditque celer ripam Aen. 6, 425. 
 
 tela . . . exit Aen. 5, 438. 
 
 vim .... exit Aen. 11, 750. 
 
 innare lacus Aen. 6, 134. 
 
 insistere limen Aen. 6, 563. 
 
 magnum .... circumvolvitur annum Aen. 3, 284. 
 
 erumpere nubem Aen. 1, 580. 
 
 cum muros adsidet hostis Aen. 11, 304. 
 
 VI. Genitive with adjectives. 
 
 This construction in Tacitus is worth attention on account 
 of the boldness and frequency with which he uses it on the 
 analogy of the Vergilian style. 
 
 ne femina expertae fecunditatis an. 12, 2. sed veterem exper- 
 tumque belli H. 4, 76. ingens animi an. 1, 69. ingens rerum 
 H. 4, 66. diversus animi H. 4, 84. fallax amicitiae an. 16, 
 32. vetus operis ac laboris an. 1, 20. anxius potentiae an. 
 4, 12. morum non spernendus an. 14, 40. virtutem sterilis 
 H. 1, 3. praecipiens circumveniendi an. 6, 4. insolens obse- 
 quii H. 1, 87; 2, 88. an. 6, 34. manifestus delecti an. 2, 85; 
 
 13, 26; 4, 53; 13, 23; 12, 51. ferox linguae H. I, 35. atrox 
 odii an. 12, 22. ferox animi an. 1, 32 ; 1, 69. furandi melior 
 an. 3, 74. modicum voluptatum an. 2, 73. pecuniae modicus 
 an. 3, 72. modicus dignationis an. 4, 52. modicus originis 
 an. 6, 39. occultus odii an. 4, 7. occultus consilii an. 6, 36. 
 recti pervicax H. 4, 5. pervicax irae an. 4, 53. eloquentiae 
 ac fidei praeclarus an. 4, 34. Ceterum animorum provinciae 
 
 \J prudens A. 19. Celsus doli prudens repressit siios H. 2 25. 
 atque ille prudens moderandi an. 3, 69. rerum vestrarum 
 providum an. 4, 38. Providus futurorum an. 6, 46. futuri 
 improvidus H. 1, 88. improvidus consilii H. 3, 56. praestan- 
 tissimus sapientiae an. 6, 6. procax otii an. 13, 46. segnis 
 laborum an. 14, 33. occasionum . . . segnis an. 16, 14. vi- 
 rium et opium validam H. 2, 19. orandi validus an. 4, 21. 
 animi validus an. 15, 53. Vetus loci H. 2, 14. Veteres mili- 
 tiae H. 4, 20. Vetus operis an. 1, 20. vetus regnandi H. 5, 
 
 14. exitii certus an. 1, 27. incerta ultionis an. 2, 75. po- 
 tentiae securus an. 3, 28. ambiguus imperandi an. 1, 7. im- 
 piger militiae an. 3, 48. sui auxius an. 4, 59. incertus animi 
 an. 6, 46. H. 3, 55. operum ignavis an. 11, 18. irae pro- 
 perum an. 11, 26. maeroris immodicus an. 15, 23. incertus 
 
 3* 
 
36 
 
 futuri D. 13. patientissimus veri D. 8. pauca campestrum 
 G. 43. secretiora Germaniae G. 41. Extrema Galliarum H. 
 4, 28. praescium periculorum an. 6, 21. occultus odii an. 4, 
 7; 6, 36. contumeliarum insolentes an. 6, 31. audiendi .... 
 insolens an. 13, 67. bellorum insolens H. 1, 87. arborum 
 inpatiens G. 5. spei inpatiens H. 2, 40. inpatiens soils pul- 
 veris H. 2, 99. societatis inpatiens an. 2, 64. inpatiens 
 aemuli an. 4, 3. obsequi inpatientes an. 4, 72. aequi inpa- 
 tiens an. 6, 25. obsidionis impatientes an. 12, 30. 
 
 VII. The following similar construction in Vergil is to be 
 
 noted. 
 
 dives opum Aen. 1, 4; 2, 22. fessi rerum 1, 178. ditissimus 
 agri 1, 343; 10, 563. laetissimus umbrae 1, 441. integer 
 aevi 2, 638. aevi maturus 5, 73. omnium egenos 1, 599. 
 inops animi 4, 300. veri effeta 7, 440. veni vana 10, 630. 
 fortunatus laborum 11, 416. indigenus avorum 12, 649. seri 
 studiorum expertos belli 10, 173. laevique patens 11, 40. 
 
 tui fidissima 12, 659. fidens animi 2, 61. fidus animi 
 servantissimus aequi 2, 427. patiens pericli 10, 610. nimbo- 
 
 rum tempestatum potentatem 10, 225. 
 
 The above usage is in part a Graecism, and in part an 
 extension of a similar construction in prose, used by Vergil, 
 the extension being particularly that of the objective genitive. 
 
 VIII. Simple for Compound Verbs. 
 
 The use of simple for compound verbs is purely a poetical 
 one. Not only is it an archaism, but it is also a means of 
 arriving at variety and an avoidance of the stiffness of prosaic 
 expression. 
 
 vocare = provocare G. 14. ponunt = deponunt G. 27. 
 pellere = depellere D. 17. flexisse = deflexisse D. 19. 
 cluditur = includitur D. 30. finiebatur = definiebatur D. 38. 
 colunt = incolunt G. 16. vocare = provocare G. 14. H. 4, 80. 
 vocent = provocent H. 5, 25. posuere = deposuere A. 20. 
 pensavit = compensavit D. 40. trahuntur = detrahuntur A. 12. 
 pensare = compensare A. 22. firmerant = confirmerant H. 2, 10. 
 rapere = deripere H. 2, 12. sistere = consistere H. 3, 21. 
 ciebat = exciebat H. 3, 24. 
 pensabantur = compensabantur H. 3, 26. 
 judicatur = dejudicatur H. 3, 70. sperso = adsperso H. 5, 6. 
 
37 
 
 vocent = provocent H. 5, 25. premi = oppremi an. 16, 9. 
 
 haurentium = exhaurentium an. 16, 18. 
 
 egerat = coegerat an. 16, 34. 
 
 cernerent = decernerent an. 15, 15. 
 
 premunt = reprimunt an. 15, 64; 3, 6; 11, 2; 14, 5. 
 
 premi = oppremi an. 16, 9. pressus = oppressus an. 14, 5. 
 
 vocans = invocans an. 13, 55. 
 
 raperentur = eriperentur an. 13, 16. 
 
 quaesivisset = acquaesivisset an. 13, 15. 
 
 quaesitam = conquisitam an. 13, 7. rapi = deripi an. 13, 6. 
 
 noscebantur = cognoscebantur. 
 
 advertare = animadvertere an. 12, 51; 2, 32; 4, 54. 
 
 ferre = proferre an. 12, 4; 6, 49. vectum = advectum an. 11, 14. 
 
 juta = adjuta an. 14, 4. noscuntur = adnoscuntur an. 4, 35. 
 
 firmare = adfirmare an. 6, 6. noscerent = adnoscerent an. 2, 28. 
 
 solarentur = insolescerentur an. 1, 14. 
 
 ardescunt = exardescunt an. 16, 29. situm = positum an. 1, 39. 
 
 firmare = adfirmare an. 6, 6. noscerent = adnoscerent H. 4, 40. 
 
 vexisse = provexisse an. 14, 54. movetur = removetur an. 14, 60. 
 
 motus = remotus an. 14, 32. pressus = repressus an. 14, 64. 
 
 cernerent= decernerent an. 15, 15. premunt =repremunt an. 15, 64. 
 
 premi = opprimi an. 16, 9. rapere = deripere H. 2, 12. 
 
 posuit = proposuit an. 1, 7; 4, 27. 
 
 ardescunt = exardescunt an. 1, 32. firmare = adfirmare an. 1, 81. 
 
 versa = eversa an. 2, 42. 
 
 IX. Simple for Compound Verbs in Vergil. 
 
 The following cases of simple for compound verbs may be 
 noted in Vergil. 
 
 duco = produco Aen. 2, 641; 4, 560. eo = exeo 1, 246; 2, 27. 
 
 eo = abeo 5, 269. fero = aufero 10, 652; 12, 285. 
 
 fero = adfero 6, 503. fero = profero 9, 338. fero = infero 10, 797. 
 
 figo = transfigo 5, 544. fundo = effundo 6, 440. 
 
 lustro = inlustro 4, 6 ; 4, 607. mitto = dimitto 1, 203. 
 
 mitto = inmitto 12, 629. nego = abnego 4, 428. 
 
 pono = depono 1, 173; 1, 291; 1, 302; 11, 830; 12, 209. 
 
 pono = impono 1, 706; 4, 602. pono = compono 8, 639. 
 
 premo = opprimo 3, 47. primo = comprimo 6, 155. 
 
 quaero = inquaero 6, 868. rumpo = abrumpo 3, 580; 12, 669. 
 
 ruo = proruo 1, 83. ruo = eruo 1, 35; 1, 85. sisto = consisto 3, 7. 
 
38 
 
 temno = contemno 1, 542. teneo = retineo 10, 802; 12, 819. 
 voco = revoco 5, 471. volvo = evolvo 1, 9; 1, 22; 1, 262. 
 
 It may be observed that the poetical use of simple for 
 compound verbs is rare in the minor works of Tacitus, not 
 common in the Histories, but abundant in the Annals. 
 
 X. Intransitive use of verbs usually transitive. 
 This use is due to the elipsis of an accusative and hence 
 transitive verbs are treated as intransitive, 
 circumfundit eques fortemque pedites invasere an. 3, 46. 
 praefectum apud Siluras . . . relictas circumfundit 
 
 an. 12, 38. 
 
 Tune a veneratione Augusti orsus flexit ad victorias an. 1, 34. 
 dein redditas absentiae causis . . . vagis flexit ad graviora 
 
 an. 6, 15. 
 
 ad providentiam sapientiamque flexit an. 13, 3. 
 arguebatur in ambition em flexisse an. 4, 37. 
 hue flexit an. 4, 41. 
 a Formiis movere an. 15, 46. 
 
 postquam mutabat aestus .... quo ventus ferebat an. 2, 23. 
 si ita ferret an. 3, 15. H. 2, 44. 
 ilia rupturas an. 2, 17. 
 Si una alterave civitas turbet an. 3, 47. 
 Cum repente turbare fortuna coepit an. 4, 1. 
 alio vertunt atque una tres aquilas locant an. 1, 18. 
 
 XI. The following cases occur in Vergil, 
 incumbuere mari Aen. 1, 84. incumbens arae 2, 514. 
 urgenti incumbere vellet 2, 653. turn vero Teucri incumbunt 4, 397. 
 turn prora avertit et undis 1, 104. et avertus rosea ... 1, 402. 
 et jam nox . . . praecipitat 2, 9. praecipitant senis 4, 251. 
 dum praecipitare potestas? 4, 565. fors siqua tulisset 2, 94. 
 cunctis insinuat pavor 2, 229. accingunt omnes open 2, 235. 
 non .... abstinuit 2, 534. transmittunt cursu 4, 154. 
 quo proripis? 5, 741. 
 
 XII. Infinitive of purpose, 
 donee uotro ambiretur . . . consulatum accipere an. 2, 43. 
 
 ire in aciem flagrabant H. 2, 46. 
 
 Aemulabantur inlicere H. 2, 62. 
 
 inquietare .... morari .... foedari ampiectabantur H. 3, 84. 
 
39 
 
 componunt . . . concire an. 3, 40. 
 inducunt sententiam expromere an. 12, 9. 
 
 inlectus ducere uxorem an. 2, 37. 
 
 inliciebantur spiritus perstimulare an. 4, 12. 
 
 ergo nuntiat patri obicere spem an. 16, 11. 
 
 scribitur .... obsequi an. 15, 25. 
 
 scripsitque .... componere an. 12, 29. 
 
 impulerat . . . inlicere an. 6, 45; 13, 19; 14, 60. H. 3, 43. 
 
 hortatur capessere an. 11, 16. pepigere ulcisci an. 11, 9; 14,31. 
 
 adegit mittere an. 11, 10. oravit . . . adire an. 11, 32; 6, 2. 
 
 inducunt .... expromere an. 12, 9. deduci impetrat an. 12, 27. 
 
 monet celerare an. 12, 46. sumere cohortatur an. 12, 49. 
 
 repetere dehortatus est an. 3, 16. 
 
 hortatur capessere an. 11, 16. orabant cavere an. 13, 13. 
 
 impulit ire an. 13, 19. suadit . . . agredi an. 13, 37. 
 
 suasurus .... omittere an. 16, 9; 13, 37; 15, 63; 3, 53. 
 
 perpulit .... suscipere an. 13, 55; 6, 33. 
 
 promittere subegit an. 14, 14; 14, 26; 1, 39. 
 
 amittere subegit an. 14, 26. resumere . . . pepigerant an. 14, 31. 
 
 scribitur .... obsequi an. 15, 25. 
 
 scripsit componere an. 12, 29. 
 
 operire imperavit an. 15, 28. ire ... imperavit an. 2, 25. 
 
 hortarentur . . . pergere an. 15, 59. 
 
 suadet abscidere an. 15, 63. amari meruisti an. 15, 67. 
 
 pati mereretur an. 14, 48. suadenti abrumpere an. 16, 9. 
 mutare quaerebant G. 2. nee deerat elicere H. 3, 58. 
 persuaseris arare G. 14. dabaturque diserere an. 4, 6. 
 apto insumere D. 9. impulerat resumere et miscere H. 3, 4. 
 praescriptum fuisse an. 6, 23. datum deducere 12, 11. 
 visere dabatur 6, 19. negotio dato . . . discernere an. 6, 12; 2, 55. 
 refellere dabatur 3, 67. admonuit dicere Agr. 25. 
 gaudebant iterare H. 3, 11. dabatur eludere 3, 67. 
 defendere daretur 4, 60. orabat deligere 6,2; 11, 32; 12, 9: 13, 13. 
 
 XIII. Some examples from Vergil, 
 funemque manu contingere gaudent Aen. 2, 239. 
 non nos aut . . . . populare venimus aut . . . vertere 1, 527. 
 dederatque comam diffundere ventis 1, 319. 
 avidi conjungere dextras ardebant 1, 514. 
 ardemus scitari et quaerere causas 2, 105. 
 nee revocare situs aut jungere carmina curat 3, 451. 
 
40 
 
 instaurati animi .... succurere tectis 2, 451. 
 hoc regnum . . . esse . . . jam turn tendit 1, 17. 
 tendit divellere nodos 2, 220. 
 
 convellere insequor et . . . temptare 3, 31. 
 
 necque vincere certo 5, 194. 
 
 instant ducere moliri subvolere optare con- 
 
 cludere 1, 4235. 
 
 instant eruere 2, 6278. temptat praevertere 1, 721. 
 temptant .... foedare 3, 240 1. certabantque inludere 2, 64. 
 fatale adgressi sacrato avellere templo 2, 165. 
 convellere .... insequor 3, 31 2. 
 
 ne trepidate meas defenders navis 9, 114. 
 
 celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet 1, 357. 
 
 duci intra muros hortatur et arce locari 2, 33. 
 
 reddi sibi poscit honorem 5, 342. 
 
 tot volvere casus .... tot adire labores . . . impulerit 1, 9. 
 
 festinare fugam tortosque incidere funis . . . stimulat 4, 575. 
 
 metus acer agit quocumque rudentis excutere 3, 682. 
 
 impulerat foedare latebras 2, 55. 
 
 cernere letum fecisti 2, 5389. 
 
 XIV. Infinitives with adjectives. 
 
 In prose Paratus is the only adjective used freely with 
 the infinitive. Further extension of this usage is found in the 
 poets, due to Greek influence. Such a construction is confined 
 to participles of verbs or adjectives derived from such verbs, 
 and with other adjectives expressing volition or fitness etc. 
 Muta ista et inanima intercidere ac reparari H. 1, 84. 
 sed certus procul urbe degere an. 4, 57. 
 et quoque facinore properus clarescere an. 4, 52. 
 atrox ac dissentire manifestus an. 2, 57. 
 satis manifestus est . . . . accingi D. 19. 
 non falso suspectus bellum malle H. 4, 34. 
 
 peritus obsequi eritusque miscere Agr. 8. 
 
 facilis corrumpi H. 4, 39. 
 
 terris oriri sueta patiens frugum Agr. 12. 
 
 factus natura .... velare odium an. 14, 56. 
 
 offendere obnoxium D. 10. 
 
 constantus probasse D. 18. 
 
 significasse contentus D. 23. 
 
 detracasse contentus D. 26. 
 
41 
 
 XV, Vergil has the following cases. 
 
 certa . . . mori Aen. 4, 564. certari .... parati 5, 108, 
 maior .... videri 6, 49. praevertere 7, 806 7. 
 
 felicior unguere .... armare 9, 772 3. 
 
 avidus confundere 12, 290. nescia vinci pectora 12, 527. 
 praeustantior .... ciere 6, 164. 
 
 XVI. Reflexive Verbs. 
 
 in questus lacrimas vota effundi an. 1, 11. 
 lit effusi in lacrimas saeva et . . . . clamitarent an. 3, 23^ 
 et effusmn in lacrimas senatum .... erexit an. 4, 8. 
 pares validaeque miscentur Germ. 20. 
 
 Statim e somno lavantur Germ. 22. 
 
 ac jam pridem probatis adgregantur Germ. 13. 
 
 per human evolvuntur Germ. 39. 
 
 Fennosque silvarum ac montium eregitur Ger. 46. 
 
 Tiberii genua advolveretur an. 1, 13. 
 
 et hostes ad occasionem verterentur Agr. 18. 
 
 maiorem ad spem adcingi an. 11, 28. 
 
 quasi per virtutem dari honoratique agere an. 14, 15. 
 
 nee quidquam prius imbuuentur H. 5, 5. 
 
 falsa exterritus an. 4, 28. 
 
 Arguitur .... revincebatur an. 6, 5. 
 
 bracas indutus H. 2, 20. 
 
 Aram posuit expressam an, 3, 74. 
 
 XVII. Reflexive Verbs in Vergil. 
 
 The conception of the use of the passive forms in a middle 
 sense is found in the poets and is a suggestion from the Greek 
 middle voice. 
 
 et Libyae vertuntur ad oras Aen. 1, 158. 
 implentur veteris bacchi pinguisque ferinae 1, 215. 
 ipse urbem repeto et cingor fulgentibus armis 2, 749. 
 ruuntque effusi carcere currus 5, 145. circumfundimur 2, 383. 
 expedior 2, 633. Aperitur 3, 275. inferar 4, 545. 
 reddar 6, 545. eripiare 12, 948. imponere 2, 707. 
 proruptus 1, 246; 7, 459. circumfusu 2, 64. protecti 2, 444. 
 effusus 5, 145; 10, 803. converse 9, 724. 
 
- 42 - 
 
 XVIH. Greek Accusative. 
 
 This, as the terminology indicates, is a Greek construction, 
 borrowed by the poets. The prose construction would be the 
 ablative, since this accusative denotes a specified quality in 
 connection with a verb or adjective, 
 contectus humeros an. 2, 13. clari genus an. 6, 9. 
 adlevatur animum an. 6, 43. cetera degenerem 6, 42. 
 frontem .... tergum .... latera .... munitus an. 1, 50. 
 nudus brachia ac lacertos G. 17. 
 cetera egregius an. 14, 49. diversa excusantibus 3, 11. 
 magnitudinem negotiorum an. 5, 2. 
 falsum remdens vultu an. 4, 60. 
 
 quae vicerant an. 12, 60. neutraque perveniret an. 14, 14. 
 cetera intecta G. 17. bracas indutus H. 2, 20. 
 manum aeger H. 4, 81. animum vultumque conversis H. 1, 85. 
 frontem tergaque ac latus tuti H. 4, 20. 
 oblitus faciem suo cruore an. 2, 17. 
 praeriguisse manus an. 13, 35. frigidus jam artus an. 15, 64. 
 
 XIX. Vergil uses the Greek Accusative. 
 Nuda genu 1, 320. nudus membra 8, 425. 
 os umerosque similis 1, 589. sacra comam 7, 60. 
 capita . . . corusci 9, 678. saucius . . . pectus 12, 5. 
 saucius ora 12, 652. colla tumentum 2, 381. 
 Nigrantis terga 5, 97. flaventem .... malas 10, 324. 
 animum arrecti 1, 579. mentem . . . pressus 3, 47. 
 membra victus 9, 337. comam . . . nutat 2, 629. 
 vultum .... movetur 6, 470. oculos suffusa 1, 228. 
 sinus collecta 1, 320. tunsae pectora palmis 1, 481. 
 vultum demissa 1, 561. faciem mutatus et ora 1, 658. 
 oculos suffecti 2, 210. circum terga dati 2, 218 9. 
 
 perfusus vittas 2, 221. exuvias indutus 2, 275. 
 
 crinem .... solutae 3, 65. redimitus tempora 3, 81. 
 
 caudas .... commissa 3, 428. Chlamydem circumdata 4, 137. 
 
 mentum crinem .... subnexus 4, 2167. 
 
 crinis effusa 4, 509. exuta pedem 4, 518, 589, 590. 
 interfusa genas 4, 644. os impressa toro 4, 659. 
 defixus lumnia 6, 156. picti scuta 7, 796. 
 adsueta manus 7, 806. protecti corpora 8, 662. 
 fusus barbam 10, 838. thoraca indutus 11, 487. 
 
43 
 
 oculos fixus 11, 507. pictus .... tunicas 11, 777. 
 
 conversi lumina 12, 172. per pedes trajectus lora 2, 273. 
 manus . . . revinctum 2, 57. innexa pedem 5, 511. 
 
 XX. The Accusative towards which motion takes place. This 
 
 use, ordinarily confined to the names of cities, towns and small 
 
 islands, and to domus and rus, is given a wider latitude by 
 
 Tacitus after the manner of the poets. 
 
 evadere angustias an. 5, 10; 3, 14. A. 33, 44. 
 
 Hiberos pervadit an. 12, 51. incedere locum an. 16. 1; 14, 15. 
 
 Campos propinquabant an. 12, 13. eniti agerem an. 2, 20. 
 
 proximus quisque regem vi etc. 15, 15. 
 
 egredi tentoria an. 1, 61; 4, 64. H. 3, 59. 
 
 ductus uiide Caugos 12, 32. Aventium defertur H. 3, 84. 
 
 exire lubricum an. 6, 49. non ibo infitias an. 15, 2. 
 
 elabi pugnam an. 1, 61. accedere lentoria H. 2, 27. 
 
 ripam accedere H. 1, 82. an. 14, 11. 
 
 oppidum irrumperere A. 36. H, 3, 18. 
 
 incursare Germaniam H. 4, 33. an. 1, 49. 
 
 involare castra H. 4, 81. an 13, 6. advolvi genua. 
 
 XXT. Examples from Vergil. 
 
 Italiam litora 1, 2. locos 1, 365. 
 
 alias . . . oras 1, 512; 3, 601. limina 6, 696. 
 tumulum . . . sedem 2, 742. finis Italos 3, 440. 
 
 XXII. Partitive or Quasi Partitive Genitive. 
 The number of such genitives is characteristic of Tacitus, 
 "as also the frequency with which the partitive idea is almost 
 altogether lost sight of, and the genitive equivalent to a simple 
 adjective as in poetry.' ? 
 
 a) After neuter singular adjectives, 
 innudo paludum an. 1, 61. lubrico paludum 1, 65. 
 in prominenti litoris 1, 53. post multum vulnerum 12, 56. 
 eo loci an. 4, 4. id solitudinis an. 11, 32. 
 extremum inopiae Agr. 38. extreme paludis H. 5, 18. 
 extremo Anni an. 6, 27. lubrico itinerum H. 1, 79. 
 lubricum juventae an. 6, 49. 
 
 lubricum adulescentulae an. 14, 56. Sero diei an. 2, 21. 
 Medium diei an. 11, 21; 12, 69; 14, 2. H. 1, 62; 3, 11. 
 
44 
 
 medio temporis H. 2, 53. an. 14, 53. 
 
 medio montium an. 1, 64. obscurum noctis H. 2, 14. 
 
 certo anni H. 5, 6. multo jam noctis H. 3, 79. 
 
 reliquo noctis an. 14, 10. minimo temporis H. 3, 83. 
 
 obscuro diei an. 2, 39. obscuro lucis H. 4, 50. 
 
 asperrimo hiemis an. 3, 5. 
 
 secretum Asiae H. 1, 10. Agr. 25. H. 2, 100. 
 
 secreto loci an. 4, 41; 4, 57. 
 
 celeberrimo fori an. 4, 67. 
 
 in extreme ponticae orae H. 3, 47. diverse terrarum an. 3, 59. 
 
 in proximo Campaniae an. 4, 74. 
 
 b) After neuter plural adjectives, 
 media campi Agri. 35. subita belli Agri. 37. 
 orientis secreta Agr. 44. secretiora Germaniae G. 41 . 
 pauca campestrium G. 43. laeva maris H. 2, 2. 
 novissima Libyae H. 5, 2. alia honorum an. 1, 9. 
 extrema Asiae an. 2, 54. imperil extrema an. 4, 74. 
 cuncta camporum H. 5, 10. cuncta curarum an. 3, 35. 
 reliqua locus an. 12, 56. praecipua rerum an. 4, 40. 
 tacita suspicionum an. 4, 41. 
 
 simulationum falsa an. 6, 45. summa imperil an, 11, 8. 
 ad summa militiae H. 2, 75. per avia Moesiae H. 2, 85. 
 avia Armeniae an. 13, 37. vana rumoris an. 4, 59. 
 inania belli H. 2, 69. silvarum ac montium profunda Ag. 25. 
 fluctuum adversa A. 25. domum adversa an. 3, 24. 
 in aperta Oceani an. 2, 23. offensorum operta H. 3, 65. 
 inculta montium an. 1, 17. occulta saltuum an. 1, 61. 
 prima silvarum an. 2, 16. prima consiliorum H. 2, 11. 
 prima rerum H. 2, 46. prominentia montium an. 2, 16. 
 amoena Asiae an. 3, 7. amoena litorum H. 3, 76. 
 longinqua imperil an. 3, 34. 
 in longinqua et contermina Scythiae an. 6, 36. 
 dubiis proeliorum H. 2, 33. incerta respondentium 14, 8. 
 fortuita fraudi suae H. 2, 60. fortuita belli H. 4, 23. 
 angusta et lubrica viarum H. 3, 82. viarum angusta H. 4, 35. 
 derepta et avia sequentis an. 4, 45. montium editis an. 4, 46. 
 montium edita an 12, 56. altiora murorum H. 2, 22. 
 obstantia silvarum an. 1, 50. 
 proxima municipiorum an. 15, 58. 
 proxima litorum H. 3, 42. 
 
45 
 
 XXIII. Partitive or Quasi Partitive in Vergil 
 
 a) Adjectives in the singular. 
 
 quod cumque hoc regni Aen. 1, 78. Aulai medio 3, 354. 
 tecti medio 7, 59. 
 
 b) Adjectives in the plural. 
 Strata viarum 1, 422. opaca lucorum 2, 725. 
 angusta viarum 6, 633. ardua terrarum 5, 695. 
 Libyae deserta 1, 384. 
 
 XXIV. Dative of Indirect Object with implied local relation, 
 
 where the Ablative with a preposition would be more usual, is 
 
 adopted chiefly from the poets and Livy. 
 
 legionibus abstraheret an. 2, 5. cui . . . . excursari an. 1, 2. 
 morti eximant an. 1, 48. extractum custodiae an. 6, 23. 
 proripuit . . . custodibns an. 4, 45. livere iis an. 13, 42. 
 illaborare domibus G. 46. imgemere agris G. 46. 
 nihil libidini exceptum A. 15. eximere morti an. 1, 48. 
 respondenti reticens an. 14, 49. 
 sublatum capiti diadema an. 15, 29. 
 
 XXV. Parallel Construction in Vergil. 
 
 Excipiam sorti Aen. 9, 271. Memori . . . eximet Aen. 9, 448. 
 silici scintillam excudit Aen. 1, 174. mihi . . . eripuit 2, 735. 
 siculo latus abscidit Aen. 3, 418. 
 
 cui lumen ademptum 3, 658. oculos furare labori Aen. 5, 845. 
 desistere pugnae Aen. 10, 441. 
 
 XXVI. The dative of a noun so closely connected with another 
 that a genitive would be expected is frequent in the poets. 
 
 rector juveni an. 1, 24. paci firmator an. 2, 46. 
 
 suffugium hiemi et receptaculum frugibus G. 16. 
 
 subsidia dominationi an. 1, 3. subsidium rei familiari an. 15, 33. 
 
 plures seditioni duces an. 1, 22. 
 
 virtuti pretium an. 3, 40. resumendae libertati an. 3, 40. 
 
 finem hello an. 2, 21. initium bello H. 1, 67. 
 
 liberis tutor an. 2, 67. Serano fautores an. 4, 60. 
 
 Tiberio auxiliator an. 6, 43. praedam victoribus an. 4, 76. 
 
 id genti caput an. 1, 56. Genti Caput H. 5, 8. 
 
 id rex Hiberis an. 11, 8. Druso proavus an. 2, 43. 
 
46 
 
 causas bello an. 2, 64. causam sedition! H. 4, 19. 
 custos saluti an. 3, 14. corpori custodes an. 6, 36. 
 Ministri sceleribus an. 6, 36. ministros bello H. 1, 88. 
 bello ministra an. 4, 22. pignus societati an. 4, 61. 
 dona templis an. 2, 60. Othoni .... comes H. 1, 22. 
 Antonio Comes an. 3, 6. Avo Comes an. 3, 6. 
 Materiam sceleri an. 12, 22. plebi tribunus an. 16, 26. 
 initia causasque imperio H. 2, 1. 
 
 XXVII. Some Vergilian Passages. 
 
 Scaenis futuris Aen. 1, 429. 
 
 aerea cui gradibus surgebant limina Aen. 1, 448. 
 
 huic cervixque comaeque trahuntur per terram Aen. 1, 477. 
 
 populis . . . regnatorem Aen. 2, 556 7. 
 
 XXVHI. Dative of Agent. 
 
 Tacitus like the poets couples this dative freely with any 
 passive form without restriction to the gerundive or passive 
 participles or adjectives in bilis, and without any notion of the 
 interest of the agent. 
 Sibi adspici an. 1, 17. 
 
 propinquis remover entur an. 2, 50. 
 
 Claris scriptoribus memorata sunt an. 1, 1. 
 
 Aelia Paetino Narcisso fovebantur an. 12, 1. 
 
 verum audita scriptaque senioribus tradam an. 11, 27. 
 
 pluribus curabatur an. 14, 58. 
 
 Missi .... Paeto nuntii an. 15, 14. 
 
 Ulixi consecratam G. 3. Aedesque .... Komulo an. 15, 41. 
 
 Null as Germanorum populis urbes habitari G. 16. 
 
 Gallis in meridiem inspicitur Ag. 10. 
 
 Tiberio implicabantur an. 1, 11. 
 
 mihi suadatum est D. 4. oculis spectanda D. 8. 
 
 Herennio Senecioni . . . laudati essent Agr. 2. 
 
 XXIX. In Vergil. 
 
 Vetor fatis Aen. 1, 39. cunctis . . . inprovisus Aen. 1, 594. 
 lectis . . . comitatus Aen. 9, 48. miserae dilectus Aen. 1, 44. 
 dilecta sorori Aen. 4, 31. dilectus Julo 5, 569. 
 neque cernitur ulli Aen. 1, 440. 
 videri caelicolis Aen. 2, 591. nulli visa 5, 610. 
 Danais .... refixum Aen. 5, 560. 
 
47 
 
 XXX. The dative after compound verbs where the accusative 
 with a preposition would be the usual construction is also 
 
 poetical and is found frequently in Tacitus. 
 Appulsas litori naves H. 4, 84. 
 provolvi genibus an. 11, 30; 12, 18; 14, 6L 
 properantibus Blaesus advenit an. 1, 18. 
 jamque pectori usque adcreverat an. 1, 19. 
 centurionem morti deposcit an. 1, 23. 
 inecessit itineri et proelio an. 1, 51. 
 qui tributo aderant an. 4, 72. excubiis adest an. 12, 69. 
 Nee quemquam exemplo adsumo an. 6, 8. 
 urbium excidiis reperta H. 3, 84. 
 
 retinebatur adhuc terrori H. 2, 10. inducere penatibus an. 5, 1. 
 rupibus inductus an. 6, 21. imperatoris fastigio an. 14, 61. 
 factum est senatus consultum ultioni juxta et securitate an. 13, 21. 
 viae pariter et pugnae an. 13, 40. 
 
 alii matrimonio se obstruxisse an. 15, 53. honori an. 2, 7. 
 verboribus an. 13, 26* 
 
 XXXI. The above construction is found only in verse in 
 
 Classical times and is verry common in Vergil, 
 inferret .... Latio Aen. 1, 6. appulit oris Aen. 1, 377; 3, 338. 
 adnavimus oris Aen. 1, 538. 
 
 includunt lateri Aen. 2, 19. demisere neci Aen. 2, 85. 
 
 demittimus Oreo Aen. 2, 398. Miserit Oreo Aen. 9, 785. 
 
 Lateri abdidit Aen. 2, 553. Caelo .... tendit Aen. 2, 288. 
 
 it clamor caelo Aen. 5, 451. libo .... focis Aen. 3, 177. 
 
 venit medio Aen. 3, 417 ; 4, 392 ; 4, 613. decensus Averno Aen. 6, 126. 
 
 Caelo .... educere Aen. 6, 178; 2, 186; 6, 297. 
 
 terrae dejecerat Aen. 10, 546. deturbet terrae Aen. 10, 555. 
 
 Alto prospiciens Aen. 1, 126. 
 
 prospectum .... pelago Aen. 1, 181; 1, 226. 
 
 effusi lacrimis Aen. 2, 651. 
 
 XXXII. Dative of Purpose. 
 
 The dative of purpose is probably a psychological suggestion 
 of the dative of limit: while the latter indicates the end of 
 physical activity, the former would seem to indicate the limit 
 of man's purpose. The dative of purpose is found in prose in 
 Military Expressions and in the double dative construction. But 
 in Tacitus, as in poetry, it is much more freely used. 
 
48 
 
 custodiae adposito an. 1, 6. qui tribute aderant an. 4, 72. 
 opprimendo bello an. 11, 1. quibus abluendis an. 11, 2. 
 rei publicae obtentui sumpta an. 1, 10. 
 
 alii copora abiecta ostentui an. 1, 29. 
 
 equos venatui adornatos sistrant an. 12, 13. 
 
 ostentui dehonestamento an. 12, 14. 
 
 subsidio . . . victores an. 12, 29* 
 
 quod adquaerendis vulgi studiis edebatur 12, 41. 
 
 quae more militiae excubiis adest an. 12, 69. 
 
 Ultioni securitate an. 13,32. viae pariter et pugnae an. 13,40. 
 
 incessit itineri et proelio an. 1, 51. 
 
 firmando praesidio an. 13, 41. capessendo bello an. 13, 41. 
 
 trans montem Tauram reciperandis an. 15, 8. 
 
 expediri tamen itineri an. 15, 10* 
 
 obtenendae .... Armeniae an. 15, 14. 
 
 Augendis .... bonis an. 16, 1. morti deposcit an. 1, 23. 
 
 inrisui H. 1, 7. an. 14, 39. derisui Agr. 39. 
 
 deridiculo an. 3, 57. despectu H. 4, 57. metui an. 4, 69. 
 
 obtentui H. 1, 49. H. 2, 14. H. 3, 35. 
 
 ostentui an* 12, 14; 15, 29; 15, 64. Usui H. 1, 79. an. 11, 14. 
 
 potui Gr. 23. victui vestitui G-. 46. 
 
 veno dare an. 4, 1. veno posita an. 14, 15. 
 
 indutui gerere an. 16, 4. cum visui . . . praeberetur an. 12, 21. 
 
 cum ille equum placendo animi adornasset an. 6, 37. 
 
 amici accedendis offensionibus callidi an. 2, 57. 
 
 repertus est -- nudus exercitando corpori an. 14, 59. 
 
 XXXIII. Dative of Purpose in Vergil. 
 
 optare locum tecto Aen. 1, 425. Collectam exilio Aen. 2, 798. 
 optavit .... locum regno Aen. 3, 109. 
 bello armantur equi Aen. 3, 540. rimaturque epulis Aen. 6, 599. 
 excidio Libyae Aen. 1, 22. hospitio Teucris Aen. 1, 299. 
 
 auxilio Aen. 5, 686. multis exitio Aen. 9, 315. 
 
 An cordi Aen. 7, 325; 9, 615. 
 
 XXXIV. Local Ablative. 
 
 The use of the ablative without a preposition to denote place 
 is a poetical construction and used freely by Tacitus not only 
 with proper names but also with verbs signifying separation. 
 The poets use the ablative very freely to denote the source or 
 starting point of motion as well as separation in general. 
 
49 
 
 Tumulo D. 13. an. 14, 10. piano H. 3, 19. 
 
 toris D. 21. vicino H. 3, 38. loco H. 4, 84. 
 
 Delo an. 3, 61. Eodem latere H. 3, 48. 
 
 Saxo Seripho an. 4, 21. piano H. 3, 19. 
 
 Crepitudinibus an. 15, 37. sumo montium jugis H. 3, 77. 
 
 lateribus aut fronte an. 15, 38. 
 
 caelo terraque H. 1, 3. balneis an. 2, 16. 
 
 suggestu H. 1, 55. an. 6, 37. 
 
 colonia piano sita H. 3, 19. Italia an. 13, 25. 
 
 vicino sita H. 3, 38. Armenia an. 13, 7. solido an. 5, 6. 
 
 pontico mari an. 13, 39. Aequo Agr. 35. cubiculo an. 13, 44. 
 
 artissimo . . . devortis an. 12, 63. an. 1, 64; 2, 52 ; 13, 38; 15, 29. 
 
 medio H. 3, 16. H. 1, 68. an. 1, 61. an. 2, 52. Ag. 24. 
 
 isdem hibernis H. 1, 55. theatre an. 14, 20. 
 
 isdem tentoris H. 2, 45. novis hibernaculis an. 14, 38. 
 
 finibus Frisiarum an. 1, 60. surburbano rare an. 15, 60. 
 
 porta triumphal! an. 1, 8. litore oceani an. 1, 63. 
 
 structis moUibus an. 2, 60. toro an. 3, 5. 
 
 saxis et acre an. 4, 43. campo aut litore an. 4, 74. 
 
 XXXV. Similar Construction in Vergil. 
 
 terris et alto Aen. 1, 3. vasto . . . antro Aen. 1, 52. 
 
 celsa . . . arce Aen. 1, 56. Iliacis campis Aen. 1, 97. 
 
 foribus Aen. 1, 505. media testudine Aen. 1, 505. 
 
 umbris Aen. 1, 547. montibus Aen. 1, 607. 
 
 templis 1, 632. Asylo Aen. 2, 761. humo Aen. 3, 3. 
 
 imo .... gurgite Aen. 3, 42L jugo Aen. 3, 542. 
 
 Erymantho Aen. 5, 448. alta mente Aen. 1, 26. 
 
 flammato . . . corde Aen. 1, 50. 
 
 talis jactantem pectore curas Aen. 1, 227. Animis Aen. 1, 149. 
 
 promissis maneas Aen. 2, 160. dictis . . . manacres Aen. 8, 643. 
 
 ponto Aen. 1, 40. antro Aen. 1, 52. speluncis Aen. 1, 60. 
 
 XXXVI. Ablative of Place Whence (without prep.). 
 
 Armenia an. 1, 3. Etruria Lucania et Omni Italia an. 11, 24. 
 Suria an. 13, 35. fuga impediverat an. 1, 39. 
 progrediuntur contuberniis an. 1, 41. abire sedibus an. 12, 19. 
 abhorrere talibus an. 1, 54; 14, 21. H. 5, 24. 
 Italia deportarentur an. 14, 45. curia depromptum an. 6, 40. 
 globo effusa an. 2, 23. paludibus emersum an. 1, 65. 
 
 4 
 
50 
 
 solo ac parietibus eruptae an. 2, 69. 
 
 extractum cubile an. 1, 39; 15, 13. 
 
 recens dolore et ira an. 1, 41. Aegypto an. 2, 69. 
 
 testudine labi H. 3, 29. sublatum capite diadema an. 15, 29, 
 
 profugus altaribus taurus H. 2, 56. prorumptus vagina an. 15, 54. 
 
 cubiculoque prommpit an. 13, 44; 15, 40. H. 4, 34. 
 
 occursu prohibitus an. 16, 24. fuga empedire an. 1, 39. 
 
 eradendum fastis an. 3, 17. albo senatoris erasit an. 4, 42. 
 
 stipendiis recentes an. 15, 59* recentia caede vestigia an. 3, 19. 
 
 recens praetura an. 4, 52. collibus an. 2, 17. 
 
 XXXVII. Some Examples from Vergil. 
 
 progredior portu Aen. 3, 300. toto proruptus Aen. 7, 459. 
 
 Latio Aen. 1,31. Italia Aen. 1,38. finibus extoris Aen. 4,616. 
 
 montibus Aen. 6, 182. raptas . . . concessu Aen. 8, 635. 
 
 cassum lumine Aen. 2, 85. carcere dolis Aen. 2, 44. 
 
 morte resignat Aen. 4, 244. exspirantem . . . *pectore Aen. 1, 44. 
 
 imis stagna refusa vadis Aen. 1, 126. 
 
 aethere summo 1, 223. umeris . . . suspenderat Aen. 1, 318. 
 
 complexu . . . colloque pependit Aen. 1, 715. 
 
 collo intendunt Aen. 2, 236. intenta . . . remis Aen, 5, 136. 
 
 conjuncta crepidine 10, 6, 53. Maia genitum Aen. 1, 297. 
 
 Nate dea Aen. 1, 582; 1, 615. satum quo Aen. 2, 540. 
 
 Hammone satus Aen. 4,198. satusAnchisa Aen. 5,244; 5,424. 
 
 XXXV1H. Anastrophe. 
 
 Aram quin etiam Ger. 3. Ultro quin etiam Agr. 26. 
 
 paucos quippe an. 16, 17. rebus turbidus pro tempore ut an. 12, 49. 
 
 hortorum magnificentia quasi an. 14, 52. 
 
 compendiis . . . cum an. 1, 63. Classem quippe an. 2, 15. 
 Loadicenis ac magnetibus simul an. 4, 55. 
 sed inter epulas principis si an. 14, 3. erat quippe an. 2, 33. 
 ^ Subit quippe Agr. 3. acribus namque an. 1, 56. 
 divisa namque an. 2, 43. vanescante quamquam an. 5, 9. 
 mira quamquam an. 6, 30. redditi quamquam an. 14, 21. 
 frueretur immo an. 11, 30. statueretur an. 12, 6. 
 quaedam immo an. 15, 21. impudentia dum an. 14, 5. 
 hortos quin etiam an. 15, 39. litora contra an. 3, 1. 
 judice ab immo an. 3, 10. ornatum ad urbis Ger. 3, 72. 
 inito ab an. 4, 5. patriam coram obtestor an. 4, 8. 
 
51 
 
 hostem propter an. 4, 48. viam miseni propter an. 14, 9. 
 viam propter an. 15, 47. ripam an. 6, 37; 12, 11; 12, 51. 
 paucos inter an. 11, 10. rostra juxta an. 12, 21. 
 Tiberio abusque an. 13, 47. misenum inter an. 14, 4. 
 seque coram an. 1, 19. urbem extra an. 13, 47. 
 humum infra an. 11, 20. Scythias inter an. 6, 41. 
 praeturam intra an. 3, 75. Tiberim juxta an. 2, 41. 
 lucem intra an. 4, 48. hostem propter an. 4, 48. 
 humum super an. 16, 35. Caesaris juxta an. 13, 15. 
 Torsam inter an. 4, 50. Amunclanum inter an. 4, 59. 
 tectum inter an. 4, 69. partem in aliam an. 11, 3. 
 lacu in ipso an. 12, 56. Noctemque intra unum an. 11, 36. 
 inito ab Suriae an. 4, 5. ripam apud Euphratis an. 6, 31. 
 oppido a Canopo an. 2, 60. Montem apud Erycum an. 4, 43. 
 sedes inter vestalium an. 4, 16. Ferentino in oppido an. 15, 53. 
 Lupiam amnes inter an. 1, 60. disque et patria Coram an. 4, 8. 
 
 XXXIX. Anastrophe in Vergil. 
 
 "The preposition, especially if dissyllabic, frequently follows 
 its noun in poetry; in prose this use is confined to certain 
 prepositions and certain combinations. A preposition having 
 two or more objects is sometimes set between them." 
 
 Maria omnia circum Aen. 1, 32. Pergama circum Aen. 1, 466. 
 
 litus harenosum ad Aen. 4, 257. 
 
 spemque metumque inter Aen. 1, 218. 
 
 Quos inter medios Aen. 1, 348. 
 
 Scyllam atque Charybdim inter Aen. 3, 685. 
 
 et sedibus haeret in isdem Aen. 2, 654. 
 
 volat aequora juxta Aen. 4, 255. Altaria juxta Aen. 4, 517. 
 
 hos juxta falso Aen. 6, 430. quern juxta Aen. 6, 815. 
 
 Conjunctions: longius et volens Aen. 1, 262. 
 
 cernere ne quis posset Aen. 1, 413. 
 
 vina bonus quae deinde Aen. 1, 195. quae deinde Aen. 3, 609. 
 
 qui deinde Aen. 5, 258. patriae nee Aen. 2, 159. 
 
 aemula necdum Aen. 5, 415. fecissentque utinam Aen. 2, 110. 
 
 mansissetque utinam Aen. 3, 615. cuperem cum Aen. 5, 810. 
 
 cervam licet Aen. 6, 802. non me impia namque Aen. 5, 733. 
 
 quantus Aen. 12, 702. quando Aen. 6, 50; 10, 366. 
 
 quia 8, 650. sed Aen. 1, 353. Ceu Aen. 2, 355. 
 
52 
 
 XL. Adjectives for Adverbs. 
 
 Adjectives are used very often by Tacitus, as well 
 as by the poets, after the manner of the Greeks, for ad- 
 verbs, when greater power is thereby given to the dis- 
 course. 
 
 domum Germanici revivescere occulti lactabantur an. 4, 12. 
 
 Si citi advenisset an. 12, 12. 
 
 Aufert marito .... adeo properus an. 5, 1. 
 
 a se suisque orsus primam domum suam coercuit Ag. 19. 
 
 adversum luxum, qui immensum proruperat an. 3, 52. 
 
 Tiberius torvus aut falsum renidens vultu an. 4, 60. 
 
 innocentem Cornutum et falsa exterritum an. 4, 28. 
 
 quod ni frequens modo Agr. 37. 
 
 quam frequens contionibus H. 4, 69. frequens secretus an. 4, 3. 
 adesse frequens an. 4, 55. in laboribus frequens adesse an. 13, 35. 
 
 rari gladiis utuntur G. 6. rarus in tribunal! an. 2, 57. 
 
 rarus obtrectator an. 4, 33. rarus per urbem an. 14, 56. 
 
 non jam obscuri suadentes Agr. 42. 
 
 Multus in agmine Agr. 20. subitus irrupit H. 3, 47. 
 
 progressi et repentinis hostibus an. 15, 4. 
 
 Avidus intercepit Agr. 22. diversi interpretabantur an. 2, 73. 
 
 Sis Dacus Gennanusque diversi inrupissent H. 3, 46. 
 
 pergit properus an. 6, 44. 
 
 properique et singulis inferentur an. 16, 11. 
 
 dum adversam fortunam aequus tolerat an. 5, 8. 
 ut vulgus inprovidum inriti stabimus H. 3, 20. 
 inritusque discesserit ille an. 1, 59. 
 ne inriti dissuaderent an. 14, 7. 
 cupido gloriae novissima exuitur H. 4, 6. 
 adeoque improvisi castra involvere H. 4, 33. 
 mox alios ac praecipuum an. 11, 14. 
 intrepidi transiere an. 2, 8. 
 
 XLI. Adjectives for Adverbs in Vergil. 
 
 Adversus Aen. 1, 103; 2, 416; 6, 684. Alpini 4, 442. 
 Alter 6, 713. alternus 3, 423; 5, 584; 11, 426. 
 altus 1, 209; 6, 9. Anticus 1, 12. Castus 3, 409; 6, 402. 
 Certus 5, 2; 9, 96. dexter 2, 388; 5, 162; 6, 541. 
 dispersus 10, 406. diversus 2, 298; 5, 166; 9, 416. 
 
53 
 
 extremus 4, 179. ferus 4, 466. gratissima 2, 269. 
 
 gravis 5, 178; 5, 387; 5, 447. imus 10, 785. inanis 4, 449. 
 
 infensus 2, 72. ingens 3, 62. largior 6, 640. 
 
 medius 1, 348; 4, 61; 4, 204. multus 2, 397. 
 
 nocturnus 4, 303; 4, 490; 6, 252. nullus 4, 232. 
 
 oblicus 5, 274. omnis 1, 180. par 5, 580. 
 
 plurimus 1, 419; 12, 690. praepes 5, 254. 
 
 primus 1, 613; 1, 737; 5, 66. rapidus 1, 644. 
 
 secretus 4, 494; 8, 610. serus 5, 524. splendidus 1, 637. 
 
 subitus 3, 225. sublimis 1, 415; 6, 720; 1, 259. 
 
 tertius 3, 645. turbidus 9, 57. vanus 1, 392. verus 2, 78. 
 
 violentus 6, 356. volatile 8, 694. 
 
 XLII. Substantives for Adjectives. 
 Spectator populus H. 3, 83. domus regnatrix an. 1, 4. 
 corruptor animus an. 3, 54. bellator equus G. 14. 
 regnator deus G-. 39, 10. imperator populus an. 3, 6. 
 mare Hadria an. 15, 34. H. 3, 42. mare oceanus an. 4, 12. 
 Sidus cometes an 14, 22; 15, 47. 
 promenturium Misenum an. 14, 4. 
 
 vetus oppidum Puteoli an. 14, 27. Jovi liberator! an. 15, 64. 
 victor rex an. 11, 17. victor equitatus H. 3, 18. 
 victores exercitus H. 4, 57. 
 quern (exercitum) incruentum et victorem an. 12, 17. 
 
 XLIII. The following are from Vergil. 
 
 Anus sacerdos Aen. 7, 419. 
 
 regina sacerdos Aen. 1, 273. 
 
 lupi .... raptores Aen. 2, 355. bellator equus G. 2, 145. 
 
 XLIV. The use of the preposition ex for adjectives and adverbs. 
 
 A mode of expression which has been used by the poets, 
 
 generally after the manner of the Greeks. 
 
 ex honesto an. 3, 55, 53. ex integro H. 3, 59. 
 ex facile Agric. 15. H. 3, 49. 
 ex adfluente H. 1, 57. 
 
 ex aequo Agr. 20. G. 36. H. 4, 64; 2, 77, 97. an. 13, 2; 
 15, 13, 
 
 On like principle, 
 in arto an. 4, 32; 3, 13. 
 
54 
 
 in aperto an. 3, 56; 4, 4. Agr. 1, 33. 
 
 in levi an. 3, 54. H. 2, 21. 
 
 in neutrum H. 3, 32. 
 
 in mollius an. 3, 12; 3, 44; 4, 23. 
 
 in detenus an. 2, 82; 13, 43; 14, 43; 12, 64; 13, 14; 1, 62; 
 3, 10. H. 4, 68; 2, 52; 3, 13; 4, 50. 
 
 in maius an. 15, 30; 4, 23. 
 
 in incertum an. 1, 11. in speciem an. 1, 52; 2, 6. 
 
 in vulgus an. 1, 28. in confesso D. 25, 27. 
 
 in integro H. 3, 2. in incerto H, 1, 37. an. 3, 84. 
 
 in ambiguo an. 2, 45. 
 
 in agmen et numerum an. 15, 71. 
 
 in spem an. 14, 63. H. 4, 42. 
 
 in incertum et ambiguum an. 1, 11. 
 
 in lacrimas an. 1, 57. in saevitiam an. 15, 44. 
 
 in mortem an. 4, 45. 
 
 per iram Agr. 38. H. 5, 15; 3, 22. an. 3, 84; 2, 68. 
 
 per silentium an. 14, 10; 16, 25. H. 2, 74. Agr. 3. an. 2, 
 38; 4, 53; 11, 37. 
 
 per licentiam H. 3, 19; 4, 22; 2, 12. an. 3, 13. 
 
 per acies an. 1, 1. 
 
 per speciem an. 4, 8; 5, 8; 6, 50; 11, 1; 12, 13; 12, 41; 16, 
 18; 4, 54; 1, 34. H. 1, 24; 1, 71; 4, 57; 5, 12. 
 
 per nomen an. 1, 17; 13, 9. per omnem Agr. 4. 
 
 per honesta an. 1, 75. 
 
 per otium G. 15. an. 1, 31; 13, 54. H. 3, 78; 5, 10. 
 , magnas per opes an. 6, 22. per nimiam fiduciam Agr. 37. 
 v per intervalla Agr. 44. 
 v per lamenta ac maerorem Agr. 29. acies per cuneos G. 6. 
 
 per cohortes et manipulos H. 4, 78. 
 
 per catervas an. 2, 45. 
 
 per ludibrium an. 1, 20; 2, 17. 
 
 per ferociam an. 1, 20; 2, 17. per superbiam an. 1, 61. 
 s'per ambitionem Agr, 40. 
 
 XLV. Vergil. 
 
 in abrumptum Aen. 3, 422; 12, 687. in praeceps 6, 578. 
 in numerum 8, 453. per lunam 2, 340. 
 per umbram 2, 420. per mutua 7, 66. 
 
55 
 
 XLVJ. The following prepositions are rare and in no 
 earlier prose. 
 
 Adusque an. 15, 58. Ov. Met. 4, 20. Hor. Sat. bk. 1, 97; 
 
 bk. 1, 596. Verg. Aen. 11, 262. 
 abusque an. 13, 47; 15, 37. Verg. Aen. 7, 289. 
 
 "The adverbial use of neuter adjectives is extended from 
 the more regular (as multum, nimium, summum etc.) to more 
 distinctly poetical usages." 
 
 Aeternum an. 3, 26; 12, 28. Verg. Aen. 6, 401; 11, 98. 
 immensum an. 3, 30; 3, 52; 4, 27; 4, 40; 6, 37. Verg. 
 supremum H. 4, 14. Verg. Aen. 3, 68. 
 praeceps an. 4, 62; 6, 17. Verg. Geo. 1, 203. Aen. 6, 578. 
 recens H. 1, 77; 4, 68; 4, 83. an. 2, 21; 4, 5; 4, 62; 4,69; 
 
 6, 2; 6, 10; 11, 25; 12, 18; 12, 27; 12, 63; 14, 31; 
 
 15, 27; 15, 26, 51. Verg. Geo. 3, 156. 
 
 XL VII. Qui relative where quis = quibus. 
 
 dative: 
 
 quis aliqua pars et cura rei publicae H, 1, 50. 
 quis singula milia inessent H. 2, 93. 
 
 quis vetus obsequium ergra Romanos .... patientior H. 3, 5. 
 quis nee amor necque odium in partes H. 4, 31. 
 quis flagitii conscientia inerat H. 4, 41. 
 quis fausta nomina H. 4, 53. 
 quis vel ex longe pace .... amor H. 5, 16. 
 quis impugnandus agger an. 2, 20. 
 quis Cotys traderetur an. 2, 66. quis idonea aetas an. 2, 85. 
 
 quis velocissimos addiderat an. 3, 21. 
 
 quis etiam reges obtemperarent an. 3, 26. 
 quis ob infantiam tutor erat an. 3, 38. 
 quis praecipium fuit rerum an. 4, 14. 
 quis maxime fidebant an, 4, 56. 
 quis additus miles nuntios an. 4, 67, 20. 
 quis ingentium beluarum feraces saltus an. 4, 72. 
 quis nulla ex honesta spes an. 5, 3. 
 quis neque boni intellectus an. 6, 36. 
 quis ob accusatam an. 12, 9. 
 quis Caelius Pollio praefectus an. 12, 45. 
 a claudio impositus an. 13, 14. 
 
56 
 
 ablative: 
 
 quis multos antierat H. 4, 7. quis legatus lapis H. 4, 53. 
 quis flagrantem retineret H. 4, 68. 
 quis temere antea intutis consederat H. 4, 75. 
 quis solis corrumpantur H. 4, 76. quis caelestis favor H. 4, 8L 
 quis res mortalis reguntur H. 5, 4. 
 quis vel plana satis munerentur H. 5, 11. 
 quis templum ambibatur H. 5, 12. 
 quis viam Appiam .... operiret an. 2, 30. 
 quis creditur animas .... sacrari an. 2, 69. 
 quis amicitiam ei renuntiabat an. 2, 70. 
 quis pace et principe uterentur an. 3, 28. 
 quis domus ilia immensum viguit an. 3, 30. 
 quis pecunia prodigitur an. 3, 52. 
 quis lapidum causa . . . transferuntur an. 3, 53. 
 quis Servias Galba rerum adeptus est an. 3, 55. 
 quis potestatem tribuniciam Druso petebat an. 3, 52. 
 quis multo cum honore modus tamen praescribebatur an. 3, 63. 
 
 quis abesse taedia agitari an. 4, 41. 
 
 quis per occultum lacerabatur an. 4, 42. 
 quis commotus incusavit an. 6, 13. 
 
 quis secundum jussa componerent an. 6, 16. 
 
 quis primo .... quasi .... fuit an. 6, 24. 
 
 quis incusabat an. 6, 27. quis permitti .... orabant an. 11, 10. 
 
 quis subactus miles an. 11, 20. 
 
 quis fatentibus circumstrepunt an. 11, 31. 
 
 quis per eos . . . incesserant an. 14, 21. 
 
 in quis Agr. 37, 26. H. 1, 88, 6. H. 3, 77, 11. H. 4, 71, 
 
 27. H. 5, 3, 16. H. 5, 19, 12. H. 5, 21, 3. an. 
 
 I, 25, 8; 2, 8, 3, 10; 12, 28, 9. 
 a quis H. 4, 25, 11. an. 1, 57, 2. 
 ex quis an. 1, 18, 11; 1, 77, 12; 3, 55, 3; 3, 74, 3; 4, 16, 4; 
 
 4, 32, 12; 5, 6, 2; 6, 2, 9; 6, 14, 2; 11, 38, 13;. 
 
 12, 14, 5; 12, 56, 10; 14, 5, 4; 14, 42, 9. 
 cum quis 12, 28, 6. 
 
 XLVm. Vergil. 
 
 quis ante ora patrum Aen. 1, 95. 
 
 quis bella gerendo Aen. 7, 444. quis Juppiter Aen. 7, 799. 
 
 quis fortuna negarat Aen. 10, 435. quis innexa Aen. 5, 51J. 
 
_ 57 .-- : . ; ::;;-.:;: :-./ : 
 
 XLIX. Quamquam with the Subjunctive. 
 
 quamquam . k . . . depulisset an. 2, 1. 
 
 quamquam . . . permulsisset an. 2, 34. 
 
 quamquam esset an. 1, 3. quamquam pervenirent an. 3, 55. 
 
 quamquam monuisset an. 4, 67. 
 
 quamquam . . . elaborentur D. 6. 
 
 quamquam .... disputes D. 15. quamquam natus sit D. 21. 
 
 quamquam . . . habeat D. 26. 
 
 quamquam .... sequerentur D. 34. 
 
 quamquam .... miscuerit Agr. 3. 
 
 quamquam .... esset Agr. 6. 
 
 quamquam . . . potitus sit Agr. 13. 
 
 quamquam metuerint G. 28. 
 
 quamquam . . consederint G. 29. 
 
 quamquam incipiat G. 35. quamquam vocentur G. 38. 
 
 quamquam .... adissent H. 1. 
 
 quamquam .... veheretur H. 2, 5. 
 
 quamquam .... tenderet H. 3, 10. 
 
 quamquam .... tradiderint H. 3, 22. 
 
 quamquam . . promitterent H. 3, 59. 
 
 quamquam .... sequeretur H. 3, 82. 
 
 quamquam evassisset H. 5, 21. 
 
 quamquam esset an. 1, 3. 
 
 quamquam . . . legeretur an. 2, 48. 
 
 quamquam .... abruisset an. 2, 78. 
 
 quamquam .... abstmerent an. 2, 82. 
 
 quamquam . . . censuissent an. 3, 11. 
 
 quamquam . . . censuissent an. 3, 23. 
 
 quamquam .... foret an. 3, 24. 
 
 quamquam . . . pervenirent an. 3, 55. 
 
 quamquam .... sit an. 4, 4. quamquam abruerent an. 4, 17. 
 
 quamquam .... damnasset an. 4, 42. 
 
 quamquam .... suaderet an. 4, 59. 
 
 quamquam .... monuisset an. 4, 67. 
 
 quamquam cecidissent an. 4, 73. 
 
 quamquam . . . transient an. 6, 51. 
 quamquam .... offunderentur an. 11, 20. 
 
 quamquam reciperavissent an. 11, 22. 
 
 quamquam pollerent an. 11, 24. 
 
 quamquam .... eximerent an. 11, 32. 
 
^>?G^; i A ' '< 58 
 
 quamquam . . . vocaretur an. 12, 14. 
 quamquam . . . praeferret an. 13, 3. 
 quamquam censuissent an. 13, 10. 
 quamquam confideret an. 14, 36. 
 quamquam .... saepsisset an. 15, 57. 
 
 Quamquam essent Ver. Aen. 6, 494. 
 
 L. Metonymy and Abstract for Concrete Terms. 
 
 auxilia = auxiliares copiae A. 18. H. 1, 26; 2, 4. an. 
 
 13, 38. 
 
 Vigiliae = excubiae an. 1, 32. H. 3, 69. an. 13, 55. 
 militia = milites H. 3, 18. 
 matrimonia = conjuges an. 2, 13. 
 conjugium = uxor an. 11, 34; 4, 3; 14, 27; 15, 37. 
 necessitudines = propinqui H. 1, 15; 3, 59. 
 adfinitas = adfines A. 44. an. 11, 24. 
 amicitiae = amici A. 44. H. 1, 10; 2, 87. an. 4, 40; 5, 2. 
 dominationes = regna an. 3, 6; 6, 42. 
 nobilitates = nobilitas an. 12, 20. 
 remigium = remi G. 44. H. 3, 47. an. 2, 6; 12, 56. 
 clientelae = clientes an. 12, 36; 13, 37; 14, 61. 
 servitium = servitus an. 1, 23; 12, 17. 
 exilium = locus exilii H. 4, 44. an. 13, 55. in places, exiles. 
 
 H. 1, 2. 
 
 f de rebus et institutis antiquis D. 30. an. 2, 59; 
 antiquitas J 12, 61. 
 
 I antiqui an. 15, 13; 3, 4. 
 consultationes = consilium G. 10. an. 4, 40. 
 consultationes = postulationes an. 16, 14. H. 2, 4. 
 ingenia = felix cogitatio an. 12, 66; 14, 3; 15, 42. H. 3, 38. 
 delectus = copiae conscriptae H. 4, 71. 
 consilia = consultores an. 4, 40. 
 jura = licentiae an. 3, 60. 
 liberalitas = donum an. 2, 37. 
 origo majores an. 4, 9. 
 originem = auctores G. 2. 
 regna = reges an. 3, 55. 
 vitae usus = decori homines an. 4, 30. 
 verbere = rare singular form (poetical) an. 5, 9. 
 concentus = clamatio G. 3. 
 
59 ;" ;. : ;'/,;';, 
 
 gloria frontis = cornua G. 5. 
 
 press! curra = press! jugo G. 10. 
 
 Venus = concubitus G. 20. 
 
 pubertas = facultas generandi G. 20. 
 
 pretia = praemia G. 20. 
 
 magno corpore = rei publicae magnitudine G. 39. 
 
 nomen = gens G. 43. 
 
 superstitionis = religionis G. 43. 
 
 subbilitatem = calliditatem A. 9. 
 
 patientia = obsevantia A. 16. 
 
 numeri = cohortes or manipuli A. 18. 
 
 annos = annonam A. 31. 
 
 aegra = aversa A. 32. 
 
 terra editum = indigena G. 2. 
 
 satis = segetibus G. 5. 
 
 mortal! opere = hominum opere G. 10. 
 
 habitus = vestitus G. 17. 
 
 aetate = juventa G. 19. 
 
 puerperium = partus an. 12, 6; 15, 23. 
 
 atteri = vine! Agr. 9. 
 
 multus = frequens Agr. 20. 
 
 secret! = desert! G. 38. 
 
 maioribus = illustrioribus G. 40. 
 
 officio = salutatione G. 40. 
 
 militares viri = duces G. 41. 
 
 visus = species G. 45. 
 
 artibus = mores H. 1, 10. 
 
 dubiis = periculis H, 1, 28. 
 
 vexillis = manipulis H. 1, 36. 
 
 sine more = inaudita H. 1, 38. cf. Aen. 7, 377. 
 
 abruptus = praeceps H. 1, 48. cf. Aen. 2, 460. 
 
 modestia = disciplina H. 1, 60. 
 
 intent! = alacres H. 1, 62. cf. Aen. 4, 138. 
 
 tutulus = leges H. 1, 71. 
 
 dirimitur = dividitur H. 1, 76. cf. Aen. 7, 226. 
 
 otium = muneris functo H. 1, 82. 
 
 consternatis = eruptis H. 1, 83. 
 
 fugientibus = progredientibus G. 33. 
 
 exsequi = punire Agr. 19. 
 
 misceri = contendere H. 1, 38. cf. Verg. Geo. 1, 360. 
 
 expediam = exponam H. 1, 51. 
 
U/:{Yc e n < t - c l 60 
 
 magnificas = magniloquas H. 1, 74. 
 
 latum = copiosum H. 1, 90. 
 
 adolentur = immolare H. 2, 3. cf. Aen. 7, 71. 
 
 gliscentem = crescentem H. 2, 8. 
 
 expositos = objectos H. 2, 30. 
 
 summa modestia = acri disciplina H. 2, 87. 
 
 natalibus = genere or origine H. 2, 86. 
 
 adductus = serverius H. 3, 6. 
 
 interiectus = obvius H. 3, 8. 
 
 ciens = appelans H. 3, 10. 
 
 vernile = servi H. 3, 32. 
 
 consuleret = paceret H. 3, 82. 
 
 exhausisset = egisset H. 4, 33. 
 
 miscendo = communicando H. 4, 41. 
 
 hiatu = cupiditate H. 4, 42. 
 
 absurda = aliena H. 4, 48. 
 
 sublati == elati H. 4, 63. cf. Aen. 10, 502. 
 
 civitatis = urbis H. 4, 63. 
 
 occulorum tabe = caecitate H. 4, 81. 
 
 auctoribus = scriptoribus H. 4, 83. . 
 
 trahebant = interpretabantur H. 5, 13. 
 
 pondus = onus D. 1. 
 
 fabulas = sermones D. 2. 
 
 oficii = honoris D. 6. 
 
 vates = poeta D. 9. 
 
 opinio = fama D. 10. 
 
 cothurnum = tragoedia D. 10. 
 
 quatenus qnoniam D. 19. cf. D, 5. 
 
 intineribus = via D. 19. 
 
 exprimere = imitare D. 20. 
 
 eloquentia = stylu D. 23. 
 
 sensuum = sententiarum D. 23. 
 
 altitudinem = sublimitatem D. 31. 
 
 rubore = pudore D. 36. 
 
 finis = mors an. 6, 25. 
 
 lubricam = vacillantem or periculosam an. 13, 2. 
 
 ferociam = superbam an. 13, 2. 
 
 vanitas = mendaeium an. 13, 23. 
 
 gravis = obnoxia an. 13, 23. 
 
 curriculo = currui an. 14, 14. 
 
 vanitate = supestitione an. 14, 22. 
 
61 '5 ; ''? '% 
 
 vacuum = apertum an. 14, 28. 
 
 puella = uxor juvenis an. 14, 64. cf. Her. Od. 3, 22, 2. 
 
 vapore = calore an. 11, 3; 15, 43. 
 
 integris = non certis an. 15, 25. 
 
 miscuere = junxere an. 15, 28. 
 
 complexu occulo an. 15, 30. 
 
 vagis = variis an. 15, 54. cf. Aen. 6, 160. 
 
 vanitatem = credulitatem an. 16, 1. 
 
 Metonymy is common in all speech, but is used with 
 special force and effectiveness in poetry. It may be con- 
 sidered that Tacitus felt this. His love for variety also led 
 him, we may believe, to a vigorous use of the abstract for 
 the concrete. 
 
 LI. Personification. 
 
 The boldness of the figures in implied or expressed per- 
 sonification found in Tacitus is striking; so much so that they 
 are prima facie of poetical spirit and content. 
 
 intrepida hiems Agr. 22. 
 
 bellum aperuit G. 1. 
 
 virtus agnoscit G. 22. 
 
 sepulcrum caespes erigit G. 27. 
 
 prava .... agit G. 44. 
 
 circumsteterat . . . exspectatis H. 1, 17. 
 
 multa seditionis ora vocesque an. 1, 31. 
 
 vestigia morientis libertatis an. 1, 74. 
 
 ipsum . fluere an. 1, 79. 
 
 eductae . . . hostes an. 12, 16. 
 
 lacrimas .... revocat an. 15, 62. 
 
 nox . . . obsequia H. 1, 80. 
 
 (H. 3, 39. H. 2, 62. strepentibus .... intieribus.) 
 
 strepere provinciae H. 2, 84. 
 
 noctem minacem an. 1, 28. 
 
 nox tulit an. 2, 14. 
 
 nox . . . conjunxit an. 13, 17. 
 
 annus aperuit Ag. 22. an. 1, 54; 4, 14; 4, 15; 6, 45. 
 
 Tiber an. 1, 79. lux an. 1, 70. 
 
 dies an. 14, 41. consulatus D. 36. 
 
 eloquentia D. 37. 
 
''. : :'':' '..' T'i : : / "': 62 
 
 LII. Metaphors. 
 
 The following metaphors are worthy of attention on account 
 of the poetical boldness of expression. 
 
 excindere hostem an. 12, 39. H. 5, 16. cf. Verg. Aen. 9, 137. 
 eruendae civitates H. 4, 72. urbem emit Verg. Aen. 2, 611. 
 
 quidquid silvarum ac montium erigitur G. 46. er ?" ? n ' ; ' 
 
 / 4-T7 insnlfi 
 
 praecipuum montium Libanum erigit H. 5, 6. | 
 
 I engitur. 
 
 exercitus flamaverat H. 2, 74. 
 
 pugionem . . . asperari saxo et in mucronem f 15, 54. Lucan 
 ardescere jussit I 7, 139. 
 
 acerrimam bello facem praetulit H. 2, 86. 
 
 abruptis vitae blandimentis H. 2, 53. me 
 
 abruptis voluptatibus H. 4, 64. < en * 
 
 i nee somnos 
 
 pacem abrumpere 
 
 Geo. 3, 530. 
 
 fas gentium rupistis an. 1, 42. 
 
 rupturi imperium H. 3, 19. 
 
 servitium aliorum rupit an. 14, 49. 
 
 rupta voce an. 6, 20. 
 
 miscere coetus an. 1, 16. 
 
 mixtus consiliis H. 2, 7. 
 
 miscere ictus Agr. 36. 
 
 dexteras miscuere an. 15, 28. 
 
 pericula sua miscere an. 16, 34. 
 
 futura volvens an. 1, 64. | Volvens fatorum arcana Aen. 1, 262. 
 
 bellum ... volverat an. 3, 38./Multa volvens Verg. G. 2, 295. 
 
 bellum . . . volebat H. 1, 64.J fama volat Verg. Aen. 3, 121. 
 
 asperantem tumentem H. 3, 31. 
 
 vox .... intumescat G. 3. 
 
 intumere statim superbia ferociaque H. 4, 19. 
 
 intumescente motu an. 1, 38. 
 
 , . K-I f Verg. Aen. 10, 648. animo spem 
 
 hauserunt ammo an. 1, 51. \ ..... 
 
 I turbidus hausit in amem. 
 
 si aliquando obumbrentur H. 2, 32. 
 maesta fama = tristis fama H. 2, 46. 
 
 I Verg. Aen. 6, 304. 
 
 cruda ac viridis senectus Agr. 29. J cruda deo vividisque 
 
 senectus. 
 
63 
 
 ubere agri H. 3, 34. Verg. Aen. 1, 531. potens armis atque 
 
 ubere glaebae. 
 
 infamibus .... locis H. 2, 93. cf. Hor. Od. 1, 3, 20. 
 nova laborum facies H. 3, 30. J Verg< ^ ^ m ^ 
 
 facies; facies = species. 
 
 locorum facies an. 14, 10. 
 in faciem pacis an. 13, 38. 
 locorum fraude an. 12, 33. 
 furtim noctis Agr. 34. 
 
 Verg. Aen. 9, 397. 
 loci et noctis. 
 
 annus = annus proventus Agr. 31. G. 14. 
 vulnera derigere H. 2, 35. Verg. Aen. 10, 140. 
 (ictus) derigere. 
 
 fraude 
 
 vulnera 
 
i 
 
 ^o .gsaESBsteat o^ 
 
 Eupel's Hofbuchdruckerei, Sondershausen.