■■••'t?*KiWo»«»^^ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES /,. 1 - 'o? / / NOW READY A SUPPLEMENT TO THE PRESENT VOLUME PRESENTING TITLES CHOSEN FROM THE LITERATURE OF AMERICAN HISTORY, PUBLISHED IN 1900 AND 1901 EDITED WITH NOTES SELECTED BY PHILIP P. WELLS LIBRARIAN OF THE VALE LAW SCHOOL, NEW HAVEN, CONN. Published for the American Library Association by Houghton. Mifflin & Co., Boston, 1902 Cloth, $1.00, net. Postage extra Afnericmi Library A ssociation Annotated Lists I THE LITERATURE OF AMERICAN HISTORY A Bibliographical Guide In which the scope, character^and comparative worth of books in selected lists are set forth in brief notes by critics of authority CONTRIBUTORS Professors Charles M. Andrews, Edward G. Bourne, Ralph C. H. Catterall, Edward Channing, Charles W. Colby, William M. Davis, Davis R. Dewey, John R. Ficklen, George P. Garrison, B. A. Hinsdale, Samuel Macauley Jackson, William MacDonald, Andrew C. McLaughlin, Anson Daniel Morse, Herbert L. Osgood, B. J. Ramage, Edwin E. Sparks, George M. Wrong General Jacob D. Cox, Lieutenant-Colonel Ernest Cruikshank, Colonel Saimuel Adams Drake, Rev. H. W. Hulbert, Miss Grace King, Rev. George A. Thayer Messrs. James Bain, Jr., Clarence S. Brigham, Varnum Lansing Collins, Paul Leicester Ford, William E. Foster, Frederick W. Hodge, James K. Hosmer, William McLennan, Merton L. Miller, Ernest Cushing Richardson, Frank H. Severance, Frederick J. Shep- ard, Charles Howard Shinn, Reuben Gold Thwaites, Stephen B. Weeks, George Parker Winship Edited for the American Library Association By J. N. LARNED % BOSTON Published for the American Library Association by HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO. 1902 y o n *^ •: .i *< V \Jf COPYRIGHT, 190* ;CAN LIilRAHY ASSOCIATION t.VTERED AT stationer's MALL /<.',l rights rescrtid Puhlisked J'tn, , ii}o.j ^'y ^^ INTRODUCTORY Only those who have to do with the work of public libraries know how much there is of the desire for substantial knowledge among people who can satisfy it nowhere if not at those libraries, and how much such readers are misled towards books which are obsolete, or shoddy- made, or otherwise unprofitable, missing the ones that would instruct them most and inspire them best. All that librarians can do to light the way of the seeker to the worthiest literature is generally being done, with anxious and inventive zeal; but the utmost they are able to accomplish in their catalogues, without help from special students in a thousand different ^j regions of knowledge, answers to the need of common students scarcely more than a railway ; map for travelers as compared with a Baedeker guide. The case is one that calls for informa- tion to be given with particularity and discrimination, by critics of recognized acumen and character, whose judgments are set forth with no claim to finality, but stand open to revision as error is detected or new truth disclosed. An early perception of this need led the Society for Political Education, in New York, to publish in 1880 a list of books in political science recommended by Professor William G. Sumner, Mr. David A. Wells, and other special students in that department of knowledge. In 1891 this little bibliography was amplified, under the editorship of Messrs. E. R. Bowker and George lies, who were assisted in the selection and annotation of titles by many well-known publicists and economists, including James Bryce, David A. Wells, Andrew Dickson White, Horace White, Professors Felix Adler, Davis R. Dewey, E. R. A. Seligman, Richmond Mayo Smith, and others. The work thus enlarged was published by the same society i«« "The Reader's Guide in Economic, Social, and Political Science," and proved to he a valuable and welcome aid. With his understanding of the need of such "guides" much deepened bv the experience "^ obtained in this work, Mr. lies brought the subject into discussion at a meeting of the American ^ Library Association in 1892, by reading a paper on " The Evaluation of Literature," in which ^ he urged the Association to undertake the organization and execution of some plan "which shall give an inquirer in any specialty of literature, at every public library, at all times, the ^ services of the best informed and fairest adviser to be had in the Union." "A merchant or ^ banker," said Mr. lies, "when he has taken an inventory of his assets, is not content with a mere enumeration of them ; he deems a bare list as of no worth whatever until each item has been carefully valued. So, I take it, the trustees of literature will enter upon a doubled usefulness when they can set before the public not catalogues merely, but also a judicious discrimination of the more from the less valuable stores in their keeping." The suggestions of Mr. lies were discussed with warm interest, iir:d were referred to a special committee for more careful consideration; but the Association bad many things to do -with. slender means, and it hesitated to enter on a project of labor and expense which showed no bounds. Then Mr. lies began to give practical effect to the proposition he had advanced. Produced at his expense, and mostly by his own exertions, the American Library Association published in 1895-an exceedingly useful "List of Books for Girls and Women and their Clubs, with descriptive and critical notes and a list of periodicals, and hints for girls' and women's clubs; edited by Augusta H. Leypoldt and George lies.'" This was followed in 1897 by an " Annotated Bibliography of Fine Art," in which a list of works on painting, sculpture, archi- tecture, and arts of decoration and illustration, was selected and 'Critically annotated by Mr. INTRODUCTORY Russell Sturgis, and a list of works on music by Mr. Henry E. Kreht'^i^^-^^ Both of those gentle- men had been contributors to the " List of Books for Girls and "VVom'^^""; ^^ ^^^ Bibliographv of Fine Art they expanded their two depurtmeuts to a range which r '^-'luded^ib^^-^ ^ thousand volumes. The work was edited by Mr. lies, and published under ^ Vy "ua'spices and for the benefit of the Library Association, without cost to that body for the mauuscripts. Again addressing the Association, in September, 1896, on what he described as "The Appraisal of Literature," Mr. Bes placed the subject in a very impressive light. " One small class in the community," he said, "has the good fortune always to have the best reasons in reading and studying its books. The young men and women in our colleges and universities enjoy mani- fold advantages of training, discipline, and culture ; among all these benefits one of the chief is their economy of time and attention through reading and studying only the best books. Thanks to the guidance of trustworthy judges, they can shun the output of the mere mechanic of the pen ; one first-hand work of authority judiciously supplements another; the defects and errors chargeable even to the greatest writers are pointed out, and, where a subject is brought down to date in periodicals, the best of these are indicated. Popular education will receive an immense impulse when guidance of this kind is rendered the plain people, not only by the university professor, but by everybody else able and willing to give it." Publication of the "Annotated Bibliography of Fine Art" was soon followed by proposals from Mr. lies to the American Library Association which contemplated the undertaking of an " appraisal of literature" in the great and important field of American history, and provision was made by that gentleman, not only for the first execution of the work, but for continuing it in current notes of description and criticism on future historical writings as they appear, by a gift of ten thousand dollars. The work was begun in the spring of 1898; its completion has been delayed by various circumstances which could not well be controlled. My connection with it was consequent on the interest I have felt in the views of Mr. lies, and my wish to see his plans carried out in so important a field as that of American history. I have not been a special btudent in that field, and therefore I lacked qualifications which ought to have been brought to the supervision of bibliographical work in it ; but when no one with special equip- ments for the -task seemed ready or free for it, I ventured myself in the undertaking, at the reque=:»^ of Mr. lies. Fortune favored me ; for the editorial function in this work has been roi'aimized in importance to the last degree by a corps of contributors who brought counsel as well as labor, and zeal as well as knowledge, to ensure its success. Two who had eminence in that helpful company — General Jacob D. Cox, soldier, statesman, and man of letters, and Professor B. A. Hinsdale, the historian of "The Old Northwest" — have passed from life since they wrote what bears their names here. In addition to the notes specially written for these pages, a considerable number have been drawn from books of critical authority, and from a few periodicals which are scrupulously careful to employ competent pens in the preparation of their book reviews. Permission for the quotation of such notes has been given vrith a kindness which claims hearty thanks. They are didy credited in each instance to their source. • At the outset, those who consult this work should understand that it is intended to he neither an exhaustive bibliography of American history, nor merely a selection of the best l)Ooks in that department of literature, nor does it name merely curious books. The selective aim in its preparation has been to embrace the books of every character, good, bad, and indifferent, con- cerning which it seems to be important that readers of various classes should be told what their merit or demerit is. This takes in text-books for school-children as well as source-books for historians and treatises for statesmen ; and it includes a considerable class of popular writings from past generations whiclA have d'sajipeared from the bookstores, but which survive on the shelves of public librariesV wher^: lingering echoes of an old undeserved reputation help to carry them into unwary liands. With the counsel and guidance to b* found in the annotated lists given here, any person who has access to a prblic library in this land of free books may study any part of American history with thoroughness; fct his QtiH^y is vot limited to the resources of a single library or a- single iv / INTRODUCTORY town. The loaning of rare Look from one library to another is now permitted to so great an extent that it is seldom im »ossible for an earnest student to obtain any book which he really needs to make his stud ^ .omplete. This is especially true in the State of New York, where any citizen, duly vouche 1 for, may borrow books from the State Library at Albany on condi- tions that are simple a. inexpensive in the extreme. For guidance in purd isiug books of primary importance in American history, the lists sug- gested on page 463 by J-'i-ofessor Edward Channing, of Harvard University, for small public libraries or for individual use, will be found of great value. They name the books in the order in which they may be most profitably read, and each title bears a section-number referring to * 'j note in the body of this work. The note prefixed by Professor Channing to his lists contains sterling counsel to every young reader and student of American history, who cannot do better than to heed that counsel at the outset of his work. The annotated lists in this volume include but few works issued from the press since the end of the year 1899. Arrangements have been made for continuing the "appraisal" of books produced from that date forward, on subjects connected with American history, under the editorship of Mr. Philip P. Wells, Librarian of the Yale Law School, New Haven, Conn., following in a general way the lines of classification and treatment adopted in this book. The supplement for 1900 and 1901, in pamphlet form, will be published either simultaneously with the present volume, or soon afterward. Subsequent issues will duly appear, and may from time to time include works published before the close of 1899. Enlarged by these issues, it is hoped that the present guide may be republished at suitable intervals in revised form. On the work now made public my personal labor ended when the manuscript of titles and notes had been finished, classified, and arranged. From that point it was most painstakingly prepared for the press, and the type-setting and proof-reading supervised, by Mr. Franklin O. Poole, of the Boston Athenoeum, with the aid of Mr. lies, who has given his time and his care as liberally as he gave from his purse. The elaborate index has been prepared by Mrs. Mary E. Haines and Miss Mabel R. Haines, of Brooklyn, N. Y. Because many subjects are touched in more than one part of the classified bibliography, and the writings of many authors are noted in more than one place, the index is a feature of great importance and should be constantly used. To those unaccustomed to the use of a bibliography it may be said that, so far as could be ascertained, the books not priced were out of print when these pages were prepared. It has not been feasible to state the number of pages or the sizes of publications named. It is the hope of the American Library Association that what ]Mr. lies has enabled it to do for the literature of American History may be done hereafter, with help from oth"^ •'rionds, for other departments of literature, until the whole domain of letters and learning is furmshed with similar guides. BtTFPALO, N. Y., January, 1903. J. N. LARNED. It is proper to acknowledge here that JVIr. Lamed gave without fee or reward his labors as General Editor of this work. GEORGE ILES. New York, January, 1903, v^-^. ^Oa \ CONTENTS PAGES INTRODUCTION iii TABLE OF CONTENTS vii CONTRIBUTORS ix PART I. — SOURCES 1-20 A SYLLABUS OF EXISTING MATERIALS FOR ORIGINAL STUDY OP AMERICAN HISTORY BY PAUL LEICESTER FORD 1-13 HISTORICAL SOCIETIES 14-20 PART II. —AMERICA AT LARGE 21-68 GENERAL HISTORY 21-23 GEOGRAPHY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY 23-28 EARLY GOVERNMENTAL EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS ..... 23-25 LATER GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS 25-28 NATIONAL SURVEYS 25-27 STATE SURVEYS 27-28 MISCELLANEOUS GEOGRAPHICAL LITERATURE 29-32 ARCHEOLOGY — ANTHROPOLOGY ARCHiEOLOGICAL STUDIES 32-38 ABORIGINES 38-50 EUROPEAN DISCOVERY AND EARLY EXPLORATION: GENERAL ACCOUNTS AND COLLECTIONS 50-56 PRE-COLUMBIAN DISCOVERY 56-59 SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE DISCOVERY AND EARLY EXPLORATION . . 59-65 OTHER DISCO\'ERIES AND EARLY EXPLORATION ....... 65-68 PART III.— THE UNITED STATES 69-357 DIVISION 1 : HISTORICAL PERIODS 69-273 PERIOD OF COLONIAL SETTLEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT. 1607-1760 . . 69-111 THE COLONIES IN GENERAL 69-76 NEW ENGLAND COLONIES 76-92 MIDDLE COLONIES 92-100 SOUTHERN COLONIES (ENGLISH) 100-106 SOUTHERN AND WESTERN COLONIES AND SETTLEMENTS (fRENCH) . . 106-110 SOUTHERN AND SOUTHWESTERN COLONIES AND SETTLEMENTS (SPANISH) . 110-111 PERIOD OP DISCONTENT, REVOLT, AND INDEPENDENCE. 1700-1783 . . . 111-153 PERIOD OP FEDERAL IINION AND CONSOLIDATION. 1783-1828 . . . 152-181 WAR OP 1812 167-173 WESTWARD EXPANSION. 1783-1838 172-181 PERIOD OP THE SLAVERY QUESTION. 1828-1860 . . . . . . 181-213 THE JIEXICAN WAR 204-206 WESTWARD EXPANSION. 1828-1860 206-213 PERIOD OP CIVIL WAR. 18'i0-1865 , . . . 213-260 PERIOD OP RECONSTRUCTION AND AFTER. 1865-1899 . . ^ . . . 260-273 SPAN^SH-AMERICAN WAR. 1898 r^ tMi»:w«KJ^ ■ v - 267-270 THE NEW POSSESSIONS AND THE EXPANSION POLIClT OF '/HB ti'VITED STATES 270-273 vii CON'i.EiSi£> PAGES DIVISION 2: COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY 273-294 DIVISION 3 : CONSTITUTIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY AND EXPOSITION 294-319 TEUTONIC AND ENGLISH ORIGINS 294-301 AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT 302-319 DIVISION 4 : ECONOMIC HISTORY 319-331 DIVISION 5 : EDUCATIONAL HISTORY 331-337 DIVISION 6 : CHURCH HISTORY 337-357 PART IV. — THE UNITED STATES BY SECTIONS 358-394 NEW ENGLAND 358-365 THE OLD "MIDDLE STATES" 365-375 THE OLD "border" AND "SOUTHERN" STATES 375-383 THE MIDDLE WEST AND NORTHWEST 383-389 MIDCONTINENTAL AND PACIFIC REGIONS ^^89-394 PART v.— CANADA 395 440 GENERAL NOTE 395-397 DIVISION I : MATERIALS FOR HISTORY 397-399 CARTOGRAPHY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 397-399 ETHNOLOGY 399 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES, ETC. . . . 399-405 DIVISION II : CONSTITUTIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY .... 406^08 DIVISION III : COMPREHENSIVE HISTORIES 408-410 DIVISION IV : FRENCH REGIME, INCLUDING ENGLISH CONQUEST . . . 410-421 DIVISION V : ENGLISH REGIME 422-430 DIVISION VI : MARITIME PROVINCES, INCLUDING NEWFOUNDLAND . . . 430-4:33 DIVISION- vri : Hudson's bay, north-west and Labrador .... 433-438 DIVISION viii : education 438-440 PART VI. — SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES 441^62 general note 441^142 general works . : 442^45 MEXICO 445-450 central AMERICA AND NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA 451-453 PACIFIC STATES OF SOUTH AMERICA 453-456 ATLANTIC STATES OF SOUTH AMERICA 456-458 THE WEST INDIES 458-462 APPENDIX, BY EDWARD CHANNING, PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY 463-471 INTRODUCTORY NOTE 463-464 BOOKS SUGGESTED FOR A GOOD SCHOOL LIBRARY 464-465 BOOKS SUGGESTED FOR A TOWN LIBRARY 465-466 BOOKS SUGGESTED FOR A GOOD WORKING LIBRARY 46(>-467 LIST OF PUBLISHERS 473-477 INDEX 479-588 ADVERTISE:ttENTS 589-596 CONTRIBUTORS INITIALS PREFIXED TO NAMES C. M. A. — Andrews, Charles McLean, Profes- sor of History, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. J. B. — Bain, James, Jr., Librarian, Public Li- brary, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. E. G. B. — Bourne, Edward Gaylord, Professor of History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. C. S. B. — Brigham, Clarence Saunders, Libra- rian, Rhode Island Historical Society, Provi- dence, Rhode Island. R. C. H. C. — Catterall, Ralph Charles Henry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Dlinois. E. C. — Channing. Edward, Professor of His- tory, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mas- sftcli 11 setts C. W. C. — Colby, Charles William, Professor of History, McGill Univ-jish' Montreal, Province of Quebec, Canada. } V. L. C. — Collins, Varnum Lansing'. Library of Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey. J. D. C. — Cox, General Jacob Dolson, Soldier of the Civil AVar, Ex-Governor of Ohio (died August 4, 1900). E. Cr. — Cruikshank, Lieutenant-Colonel Er- nest, Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada. W. M. D. — Davis, William Morris, Professor of Geology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. D. R. D. — Dewey, Davis Rich, Profes.sor of Economics and Statistics, Massachusetts In- stitute of Technology, Boston, Massachu- setts. S. A. D. — Drake, Colonel Samuel Adams, Care of Messrs. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, Massachusetts. J. R. F. — Ficklen, John Rose, Professor of History and Political Science, Tulane Uni- versity, New Orleans, Louisiana. P. L. F. — Ford, Paul Leicester. 37 East 77th Street, New York City. W. E. F. — Foster, William Eaton, Librarian, Public Library, Providence, Rhode Island. G. P. G. — Garrison, George Pierce, Professor of History, University of Texas, Austin, Texas. B. A. H. — Hinsdale, Burke Aaron, Late Pro- fessor of Pedagogy. University of Michi- gan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (died Nov. 29, 1900). F. W. II. — Hodge, Frederick Webb, Bureau of American Ethnology, Washington, D. C. J. K. H. — Hosmer, James Kendall, Librarian, Public Librarv, Minneapolis, iMinnesota. H. W. H. — Hulbert, Rev. Henry Woodward, Old Stone Church Stvidy. Cleveland, Ohio. S. M. J. — Jackson, Samuel Macauley, Profes- sor of Church History, New York Univer- sity, New York City. G. K. — King, Grace, 2221 Prytania Street, New Orleans, Louisiana. W. MacD. — MacDonald, William, Professor of History, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. A, C. McL. — McLaughlin, Andrew Cunning- ham, Professor of American History, Uni- versit}' of Michigan, Ann Arbor, jMichigan. W. McL. — McLennan, William, 1056 Dor'ches ter Street, Montreal, Province of Quebec, Canada. M. L. M. — Miller, Merton Leland, Walker Museum, Chicago, Illinois. A. D. M. — IMorse, Anson Daniel, Professor of History, Amherst College, Amherst, Mas- sachusetts. H. L. O. — Osgood, Herbert Levi, Professor of History, Columbia University, New York City. B. J. R. — Ramage, Burr James, Professor of Law, University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee. E. C. R. — Richardson, Ernest Gushing, Libra- rian, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey. F. H. S. — Severance, Frank Hay ward, 150 Jewett Avenue, Buffalo. New York. F. J. S. — Shepard, Frederick Job, Public Library, Buffalo, Nfw York. C. H. S. — Shinn, C-liarles Howard, Niles, Ala- meda Countv, California. E. E. S. — Sparks, Edwin Erie, Professor of American History, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. G. A. T. — Thaytr, Rev. Georce Augustine, 304 Oak Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. R. G. T. — Thwaites, Reuben Gold, Secretary State Historical Society, ^ladison, Wisc<"-nsin. S. B. W. — W'-elis, Stephen Beauregard, Santa Fe, New ^lexico. G P. W. — Wiuship. George Parker, Libnirian, John Carter Brown Library, Providence, Rhode Island. G. M. W. — Wrong, George McKinnon, Pro- fessor of Modern History. University of To- ronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. THE LITERATUHE OF AMERICAN HISTORY PART I. SOURCES A SYLLABUS OF EXISTING MATERIALS FOR ORIGINAL STUDY OF AMERICAN HISTORY By PAUL LEICESTER FORD Of essential value to the historical student are classes of material not subject to analysis or appraisal. These naay be divided roughly as follows : — General Archives and Bibliographies Collected Documents Periodicals Publications of Societies and Clubs Publications of Different Governments Swedish British Canadian United States States in General States, Particular Spanish Mexican Portuguese Italian French Dutch German Necessarily the system involves a certain amount of duplication and cross-reference, as well as the inclusion of some volumes or series treated in a critical sense in another part of this work. As will be noted, wherever a satisfac- tory bibliography or index exists, a reference to it is given in lieu of any detailed descrip- tion. ^ GENERAL Archives and Bibliographies The Reports of the American Historical Manuscripts Commission, published in the Re- ports of the American Historical Association, are valuable, and include Printed Guides to, and Descriptions of Archives, etc. (Report for 1896, p. 483), and Items respecting Historical Manuscripts (Report for 1898, p. 573 1, ^ In Win- N irrative and Critical History of America ^'iii. 414) is a description of mai iscript ma- ' 'L..C referTicc numbers introduced .i this matter uf 1' ' convenient guidance from f ■ author and r'. i. ; Index at the end of the voluuu terials for American history. ^ See, also. Lane and Bolton's Notes on Special Collections in American Libraries (Cambridge. 1892).* The Bxilletins of the Department of State (Wash. 1893-1900. lOv.) are devoted to calendars and republications of the Department of State ar- chives ; for which see, also, Allen's The Histori- cal Archives of the Department of State (Annual report of the American Historical Association for 1894, p. 281), and A List of Manuscript Vol- umes in the Department of State, containing the Records and Papers of the Revolution (American Historical Association Report for 1894, p. 554). "5 Fricdenwald's Historical Manu- scripts in the Library of Congress (American Historical Association Report for 1898, p. 35) and Hoar's Account of the Material for Histor- ical Study now accessible in Washington (The American Antiquarian Society Proceedings, New Series, Ii, l^S) describe government ar- chives.® Other calendars <.*' 'mportance are those of the Arthur Lee Ma^^iiUb^ripts (Cam- bridge. 1882), Winsor's Calendar of tW S-)ark3 Manuscripts (Cambridge. 1889), and the Ca>n- dar of the Emmet Papers (New York Public Library Bulletin, v. 1-3).'' In bibliography, Sabia and Earaes's Diction- ary of Books relating to America (N. Y. 1868- 92. 19v.+), though unfinished, stands first, but of value is Rich's Bibliotheca Americana Nova (Lond. 1832-44. 3v.).* Of positive importance for special periods are Harrisse's Bibliotheca Americana Vetustissima (N. Y., Paris. 1866-72. 2v.), Bartlett's Bibliotheca Americana (Provi- dence. 1870-82. 4v.) a catalogue of the John Carter Brown Library, and Leypoldt and Bow- ker's American Catalogue of Books in Print 1876 (N. Y. 1880-1. 2v. Supplements, 1885- 1900. 4v. ). A similar catalogue, for books printed 1800-76 is announced. ^ See, also, 10-31 SOURCES Ford's Check List of Bibliographies, Cata- logues, Refereuce-Lists, and Lists of Authori- ties of American Books and Subjects (Brook- lyn. 1889)." Collected Documents Hazard's Historical Collections (Phil. 1793- 94. 2v.) is the earliest collection of docu- ments illustrating American history, and is still of value. ^^ Brown's Genesis of the United States (Boston. 1890. 2v. ) covers the founda- tions of the English influence in America, chiefly drawn from Spanish and English docu- ments. ^^ Force's Tracts (Wash. 1836-46. 4v.) contjiin many reprints of pamphlets relating to the early settlement of the British colonics. ^^ Poore's Constitutions and Charters (Wash. 1877. 2v.) is a valuable collection of the gov- ernmental instruments and compacts of the colonies and states." See, in this connection, the list of printed Commissions and Instruc- tions to Royal Proprietary Governors in the English Colonies in North America (American Historical Review, III, 170)." Stevens's Facsimiles of Manuscripts in Eu- ropean Archives relating to America, 1773- 1783 (Lond. 1889-98. 25v.), is a monumen- tal piece of collecting and editing.^* A vast storehouse of material for the years 1774- 1776 is Force's American Archives (4th series, 6v. ; 5th series, 3v.). A large mass of docu- ments intended for the continuation of this work is in the Congressional Library. ^^ The diplomatic correspondence Lad been edited, first in Sparks's Diplf^'^.atic Correspondence of the Americar ^.^?t)lution (12v.), and better, in "Wharto','c fipid A valuable sup- plemem. to '' : ' -'"■:■ lary list printed in Giiffirr« upon American 2v.).3* The most torical Magazine .), the Magazine 01 1877-93. 30v.), t' /■,.;, Review (N. Y. 1^'.;.5-. '..--; iJ! ■ ■■ Western History (Cleveland i;-*S4-i.)'*. J4v the New Eng- lai! 1 Ili.stori a"! 'j,nd ^\bpe:Ao. 1 Register (Bost. 184:(-. ou^.-ri, i-hvi Sbv. *v/rk Genealogical and Biographical Record (N. Y. 1870-. 30v.4-), the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography (Phil. 1877-. 25v. + ), Publications of the Southern History Association (Wash. 1897-. 5v.+), the Southern Bivouac (Louisville. 1884-87. 6v.), Papers of the Southern His- torical Society (Richmond. 1876-. 29v.+), and Moore's Rebellion Record (N. Y. 1861-68. llv. and supplt. ).3s Wherever a periodical specially relates to one state, it is mentioned in the lists of titles succeeding this. Though not limited to historical subjects, the historian cannot neglect Niles' Register (Bait. 1811-49. 76v.), the American Register, or General Repository of History, Politics and Science (Phil. 1807- 1811. 7v.), the Historical Register of the United States (Wash. 1814. 4v.), the American An- nual Regi.ster (N. Y. 1825-35. 8v. ), the South- ern Literary Messenger (Richmond. 1834-64. 38v.), and the Nation (N. Y. 1865-. 73v.+).36 See, also, under Briti.sh and French. Societies and Clubs The Proceedings and Collections of the vari- ous societies number many hundred volumes, a list of which, with the contents of each and an index, is given in Griffin's invaluable Bib- liography of American Historical Societies (Wash. 1896). 3'' The most important of these societies as regards published material are the American, the Massachusetts, New York, Penn- sylvania, Virginia, and Wisconsin. In addi- tion, there are many societies not absolutely historical which print historical material, the most important of which are the American Geographical Society, the American Philoso- phical Society, the American Antiquarian So- ciety, the Johns Hopkins University in its Studies in Historical and Political Science, the Hakluyt Society, the various New Eng- land and Pilgrim societies, the Society of the Cincinnati, the Mayflower, Holland, Huguenot, Colonial Wars, and Colonial Dames societies, the Sons of the Revolution, the Sons of the American Revolution, the Daughters of the Revolution, the Daughters of the American Revolution, the Society of the War of 1812, the Aztec Club of 1847, the Loyal Legion, and the Grand Army of the Republic. ^^ Yet another class of publications are those of sectarian societies relating to their own his- tory. The more important of these are : the Annual Reports of the American Baptist His- torical Society (Phil. 1865-), the American Catholic Historical Researches (Phil. 1884-98. 15v. ), the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia Records (Phil. 1884r-. 12v.-|-), the Proceedings of the United States Catholic Historical Society (published in New York, ir- regularly, beginning with 1885), Hawks's Con- tributions to the Ecclesiastical History of the United States of America (N. Y. 1836-39. 2v.), the Collections of the Protestant Episcopal Historical Society (N. Y. 1851-53. 2v.), Hawks and Perry's Documentary History of the Pro- testant Episcopal Church in Connecticut (N. Y. 1863- " 2v.), 'Pej^j- Historical Collections .'^^idng to the American Colonial [Episcopal] Church (Hartford. 1870-78. 5v ). Perry's His- torical Notes and Documents illu3ii-J„*''i2; the Organization of the P. E. Church (Claremon"tr~" 1874), Facsimiles of Church Documents issued by the Historical Club of the American [Epis- copal] Church (N. Y. 1874-9), the Papers of the American Society of Church History (N. Y. 1889-97. 8v.), the Reports of the Presbyterian Historical Society (Phil. 1852-99), and Dex- ter's Congregationalism of the Last Three Hun- dred Years as seen in its Literature (N. Y. 1880). 39 Not easily divided from the foregoing are certain publications relating to special peoples, the lines of division of which nearly always have followed religious lines. The most im- portant included in this division are the Pro- ceedings of the Pennsylvania-German Society 40-50 >n\ (Lancaster. 1891-. 9v.+ ), . v.^; . -, u. Pionier (Cin. 1869-87. 17v i . ■ Deutsch- Amerikanisches Magazin (Cin ". .. the Pro- ceedings of the Scotch- Irish S >f America (Phil. 1889-96. 8v.), the Joi ^ue Amer- ican-Irish Historical Society ( • '*-0^ V 1 -f ), the Proceedings (1S84-. ■ lections of the Huguenot Sc (N. Y. 1836-), the Collectiono ll Lhc ixo.. In addition, the tiles of this office have furnished the bulk of the material con- tained in Brymners Canadian Archives, and in several of the collections of documents printed by the various states, for which see New Hamp- shire, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, North Carolina, and South Caro- lina. ''• From this source, also, has been taken a material part of Stevens's Facsimiles of Man- uscripts in European Archives. '^ Only second in importance to the above col- lections are the reports of the Historical Manu- scripts Commission (1-15+). A complete list of these is given in the Appendix to the 15th report, which includes a list of the collections examined but not yet reported upon. The most valuable for American history of those so far printed are the Townshend, Carlisle, Dart- mouth, Lansdowne, and Sackville papers. A chronological and "colony" index is printed in the 3d Report of the American Historical Manuscripts Commission. ''3 Material is to be found in Cobbett's Parlia- mentary History of England from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803, and Hansard's Parlia- mentary Debates, as also in the Parliamentary Blue Books issued from time to time, bearing on such international questions as have arisen between the two countries since their separa- tion.''* For the period of the American Revo- lution, Almon's Parliamentary Register (1st series, 17v., 2d series, 18v.) not merely gives all the debates on the war, but, in the various ap- pendices, prints many important papers laid before Parliament. ''^ TheDebatesof the House of Commons, taken by Sir Henry Cavendish during the years 1768-74 (3v.), cover a period not included in Almon.''^ The laws of Great Britain governing the colonies mu.st be searched for in the mass of the Statutes at Large (Lond. 1762-1866. lOOv. ).''■' Most of tlie colonial charters are printed in Charters of the British Col(mies(Lond. [1774]).''* For the treaties, see llertslefs Complete Col- lection of the Treaties and Conventions subsist- ing between Great Britain and Foreign Powers, and of the Laws, Decrees, Orders in Council, etc., concerning the same (Lond. 1820-98. 20v.).''9 Canadian Brymner's Reports on Canadian Archives (Ot- tawa. 1884—. 18v.-|-) contains much material rehiting to the colonies and the United States ; see, also, in this connection Brymner's Descrip- tion of the Canadian Archives in the Papers of the American Historical Association for the year 1889 (HI, 149). 8° Of much importance are the publications of the Literary and His- torical Society of Quebec, especially their series of Historical Documents, and Anderson's Ar- chives of Canada (New Series, part 9)." In the Transactions for 1891 is Wurtele's Index of Lectures, Papers and Historical Documents published by the Society, 1829-1891 ; this has also been separately published. *2 See Dennis" Sources of Northwestern History (Manitoba Historical and Scientific Society, Transactions, No. 6. 1883). 83 The Legislature of Quebec has published a Collection dc manuscrits con- tenant lettres, memoires, et autres documents historiques relatifs a la Nouvelle-France (Que- bec. 1883-85. 4v.), and Jugements et delibe- rations du Conseil souverain de la Nouvelle France (Quebec. 1885-91. 6v.).84 Faribault's Catalogue d'ouvrages sur I'histoire de I'Ame- rique et en particulier sur celle du Canada, de la Louisiane, de I'Acadie (Quebec. 1837), is of value, as is also Gaguon's Essai de bibliogra- phic canadienne (Quebec. 1895). Under No. 145 of this latter are noted a number of reports on Canadian archives which should not be overlooked. 86 See, also, French, British. United States The documentary material relating to the government of the United States begins in 1774 with the meeting of the First Congress, everything prior thereto being of British or provincial origin. The official proceedings of the Continental Congress are contained in the Journals of Congress (13v.), and Secret Journals of Congress (4v.). A complete edition, includ- ing hitherto unprinted portions, and many official papers, edited by "Worthington C. Ford, is announced for early publication.*^ The ex- ecutive documents and miscellaneous publica- tions of this period form a very rare class of material, for which see Ford's Bibliography of the Continental Congress. 87 6 DOCUMENTARY SOURCES 88-108 Tn 1789 the government of the United States was organized under the present constitution. The official proceedings of Congress are con- tained in Journals of the House of Representa- tives (Wash. 1826. 9v.) and Journal of the Senate (Wash. 1820-1. 5v.), supplemented by Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate (Wash. 1829. 16v.).88 The debates of the early period were collected from the news- papers and abridged in Gales's Debates and Proceedings in Congress, 1789-1824 (W^ash. 1831-56. 42v.), continued in The Register of Debates in Congress (Wash. 1825-37. 14v., bd. in 39). 89 There are a number of minor pub- lications covering various periods of this time which give the discussions at greater length. A convenient collection for this period is Ben- ton's Abridgment of Debates of Congress from 1789-1856 (16v.).90 The later period is contained in the Congressional Globe (46v.) and the Congressional Record (34v.+).9i The laws have been issued in innumerable forms, the most important being Statutes at Large (31v.+), and Revised Statutes of the United States (Wash. 1878-91. 2v.).92 gee, also, Index to the Laws, 1789-1827 (Wash. 1828). 93 Supplementary thereto are the United States Reports. 9* Related to these is Opinions of the Attorney-General of the United States (Wash. 1852-. 21v.+).96 Cognate to the laws are Treaties and Conventions between the United States and other Powers, 1776-1887 (Wash. 1889). 96 See in this connection Whar- ton's Digest of the International Law of the U.S. (Wash. 1886. 3v.: 2ded. 1887). 9t There have also been a number of special compila- tions, such as Laws respecting Public Lands, Navy and ^Marine Laws, Tariff Acts 1789-1897, Laws respecting Light Houses, Revolutionary Pension Laws, Acts of Congress relating to Coins and Currency, and Digest of the Revenue Laws. 98 The executive documents of the United States government constitute a great mass, collections of the earlier part of which have been made : Wait's State Papers from 1789- 1818 (12v.), and American State Papers, 1789- 1837 (1st series, 21 v.. 2d series, 17v.).99 There are several collections of the ^lessages and Papers of the Presidents, of which Richard- son's (Wash. 1896-9. 10 v.) is the latest and most inclusive. ^o" See, also, Poore's Veto Messages of the Presidents of the United States (Wash. 1888).^"^ Other government publica- tions, more strictly historical than official, will be found above, under the first section. During four years the Confederate govern- ment exercised sway over a material part of the United States, but its publications were few in number, and included little more than its laws and a few executive documents. See in this connection Sumner's Materials for the History of the Government of the Southern Confederacy (Papers of the American Histori- cal Association, IV, 5). Many of its archives have, however, been printed in the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, for which see sect. 22. "2 There have been published many catalogues and bibliographies of government publications, the most valuable of which are Poore's Descrip- tive Catalogue of the Government Publications of the United States, 1775-1881 (Wash. 1885), and Crandall's Checklist of Public Documents, from the First to the Fifty-Third Congress (Wash. 1895. Second edition, revised and en- larged). ^"^ gee, also. Index to the Subjects of Documents and Reports, and to the Committees, Senators and Representatives presenting them (Last edition. Fifty-Fifth Congress, 1898). and McKee's Index to the Reports of Committees (Wash. 1887. 2v.)."* Theearlier period is more fully treated in Greely's Public Documents of the Early Congresses (American Historical As- sociation Report for 1896), and in the N. Y. Public Library Bulletin (III. 462). "» The last few years are best given in Hickcox's Monthly Catalogue of Government Publications (Wash. 1885-94. lOv.), The Monthly Catalogue of thq United States Documents (Xos.t-83+). and the' yearly lists contained in the Executive Docu- mcnts."6 States, in General L'nder each state is grouped the more im- portant collections of historical material ; but as every state has issued certain publications, a brief resume here will save needless repeti- tion. The beginning of a complete bibliography of all state ofl[icial issues will be found in Bowker's State Publications, only one part of which, The New England States (N. Y. 1899), has been issued, i"'' For the period covered, similar lists have been printed in The American Catalogue, 1884-1890 and 1890-1895. "» Almost all the colonies and states have printed the jour- nals of their respective Assemblies or Legisla- 109-124 SOURCES tures; a bibliography of these during the colo- nial period is giveu in the annual report of the American Historical Association for 1897 (p. 405). ^°8 In the interregmuu between the suspension of the governments of the thirteen original colonies and the organization of state governments, various revolutionary conven- tions and committees carried on the govern- ment, and their proceedings were generally printed, and will be found reprinted in Force's American Archives."" The laws of each state were issued in the form of yearly session acts and occasional collections. For the colonial period, consult the Charlemagne Tower Collec- tion of American Colonial Laws (Phil. 1890). '■^ Not printed by the states, but of essential importance, are the Reports of decisions of their various courts.^" From time to time each state has held conventions for the framing or revising of constitutions, most of which were printed. ^^3 Jq addition, the original thirteen states held conventions to consider the Fed- eral Constitution, and a list of the Journals and Debates of each is given in Ford's Bib- liography and Reference List relating to the Adoption of the Constitution of the United States (Brooklyn. 1896). i" Many of the.se are reprinted in Elliot's Debates on the Fed- eral Constitution (Phil. 1861. 5v.).i" As a preliminary to the War of Secession, the southern states held other conventions to pass ordinances of secession, and to make such alterations in their constitutions as this in- volved, and the journals of most of these were printed. ^^^ For the period of the War of Secession, the reports of the state Adjutants-General are of much value, as are the histories of the states during that war, and the histories of the varioiis state regiments which have been pub- lished, i" Certain of the cities have printed material relating to their own history, the most impor- tant being the following : Reports of the Bos- ton Record Commission (Bost. 1876-98. 28 v.), and Early Records of the Town of Providence (Providence. 1892-9. 15v.) ; see, also, in this connection, the Bibliographical List of New England Town Records in the American His- torical Review (l, 581, 771 ).i" New York City has printed the Records of New Amster- dam (N. Y. 1897. 7v.), and the Manuals of the New York Common Council (N. Y. 1841-70. 28v.), which latter contains much relating to 8 the history of the city and state, and is analyzed in a Historical Index (N. Y. 1900). i" Phila- delphia has printed one volume, Minutes of the Common Council, 1704-76 (Phil. 1847). Charleston has i.ssued for a number of years the Charleston City Year Book with docu- mentary matter. Not strictly relating to local history, but appropriately mentioned here, are the Bulletins of the Boston Public Library, the Harvard College Library Bulletins, and the New York Public Library Bulletins, all of which contain historical material : see in this connection Newman's Index to Subject Bibli- ographies in Library Bulletins (New York State Library Bulletin. Bibliography No. 14. Albany. 1898). "o Maine No systematic publication of the records has been made, but the following works have been issued : Bradbury's Transcript Copy of the Early Court Records and other Important Doc- uments pertaining to the Settlement, 1636-1686 (Portland. 1843-5. 4v.), Sargent's Maine Wills, 1640-1760 (Portland. 1887), York Deeds, con- taining Ancient Land Grants in the Province of Maine (Portland. 1887-96. llv.), and Hough's Papers relating to Pemaquid (Albany. 1856. Maine Hist. Soc. Coll., v. 5. 1857). "i Of value are : Catalogue of Original Documents in the English Archives relating to the Early History of the State of Maine (N. Y. 1858), Drummond's Bibliographical Memorandum of the Laws of Maine (Maine Hist. Soc. Coll., 2d ser. II, 891), and Williamson's Bib- liography of Maine (Portland. 1896. 2v.)."2 The Gorges Society publications relate chiefly to this state ; likewise the Maine Genealogist and Biographer (Augusta. 1875-8. 3v.), the Maine Historical and Genealogical Recorder (Portland. 1884-98. 9v.), and the Bangor His- torical Magazine (Bangor. 1885-92. 7v.), con- tinued as Maine Historical Magazine (Bangor. 1893-95. 2v.).i23 [See, also, Maine Historical Society, sect. 275, below.] New Hampshire Under various editorships, the Provincial Papers and State Papers have been published (Concord. 1867-96. 27v.).i2* The state has also printed : Inde.x of the Historical Mat- ter contained in the New Hampshire Registers from 1772-1892, in tlie Political Manuals from 1857-1872, and in the People's Handbooks for DOCUMENTARY SOURCES 125-144 1874, 1876 and 1877 (Concord. 1891), List of Reports of Departments of the iState of New Ilanipsliire, and other Documental Mat- ter, publislied in tlie Appendices of the Legisla- tive Journals, and suhscciueutly in the Annual Reports, 1822-1889 (Concord. 1890), Check List of New liampsliire Laws, 1789-1889 (n. p. 1889), Index to the Journals of the House of Representatives of New Hampshire, 1711-1784 (Concord. 1890-4. 2v.), and Index to the Records of the Council of New Hamp- shire, 16131-1784 (Concord. 1896). "^ Farm- er's Collections, Topographical, Historical and Biographical (Concord. 1822-4. 3v.), is val- uable, as are the New Hampshire Reposi- tory (Gihnanton. 1846-7. 2v.) and the Granite Monthly (Concord. 1877-. 27v.+).i26 The latter contains McClintock's Bibliography of New Hampshire (IV, 280). ^^7 g^^^ ^Iso, Hoyt's Historical and Bibliographical Notes on the Laws of New Hampshire (Am. Antiquarian Society Proceedings, 1876). ^^s Vermont The mo.st important series on the history of the state is the Records of the Council of Safety and Governor and Council of Vermont (Montpelier. 1873-80. 8v.)."9 An earlier pub- lication is Vermont State Papers, with the Journal of the Council of Safety, the Early Journals of the General Assembly, etc. (Mid- dlebury. 1828). ^^o There has been a reprint of the Laws of the State, 1782 (Wash. 1898)."^ In various numbers of the Argus and Patriot, M. D. Gilman has published an elaborate bibliography of Vermont, also published complete in one volume (Burlington. 1897), and a briefer list was printed in Norton's Literary Letter, 1860. ^32 The Vermont Histor- ical Gazetteer (Burlington. 1867-91. 5v.) is practically limited to the local history of vari- ous towns. ^3* Massachusetts Under Shurtleff's editing have been issued Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England, 1628- 1686 (Bost. 1853-4. 5v. in 6 pts.), and Records of the Colony of New Plymouth (Bost. 1885-7. 12v.).^3* Goodale's reprints of the Acts and Resolves, with Historical and Explanatory Notes (Bost. 1869-. 8v. +), is now in course of publication. ^35 The Acts and Resolves of 1780-1799 (Bost. 1890-7. lOv.) have been printed. 136 The Laws of Massachusetts of 1660 and 1672, witli Supplements thereto, have been reprinted under the editorship of W. H. Whit- more (Bost. 1887-89. 2v.)."7 Hutchinson's Collections of Original Papers relative to Massachusetts-Bay (Bost. 1769. Repr. Albany. 1865. 2v.), Hough's Papers relating to the Island of Nantucket (Albany. 1856), and Papers relating to the Public Events of Massachusetts preceding the Revolution (Phil. 1856) are im- portant, as are also Journals of each Provincial Congress, 1774-5, and of the Committee of Safety, with other Documents, edited by Lin- coln (Bost. 1838), and Bradford's Speeches of the Governors of Massachusetts, 1765-1775, and the Necessary Answers of the House of Representatives to the Same (Bost. 1818)."* A Roll of Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of theRevolutionary War (Bost. 1896-. 8v.+) has been printed. ^39 The state has published sev- eral reports on its archives, among which are Report to the Legislature of Massachusetts upon the Condition of Records, Files, Papers and Documents in the Secretary's Department (Bost. 1885), and Reports of the Commission of Public Records of Parishes, Towns and Counties on their Custody and Condition (Bost. 1885, 1889-1898. llv.+)."° Of value are Colburn's Bibliography of Local History of Massachusetts (Bost. 1871), and Green's and Paine's List of Early American Imprints (Cam- bridge. 1895 ; Worcester. 1896), which are really lists of Massachusetts publications prior to the year 1700. ^*^ Important magazines are : the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, and the Bay State Monthly, now con- tinued as the New England Magazine. "^ xt is scarcely necessary to call particular attention to the publications of the Massachusetts Histor- ical Society, the Prince Society, the Essex In- stitute, the American Antiquarian Society, and the New England Historic and Genealogical Society, as well as to those of many minor societies. "3 [See, also. Historical Societies, sect. 227, 262, 284, 367, 387, below.] Rhode Island The Records of the Colony of Rhode Island -were edited by J. R. Bartlett (Provi- dence. 185(>-65, lOv.). A necessary supple- ment to this is Staples' Rhode Island in the Continental Congress (Providence. 1870). "* Another publication of the latter author is the Proceedings of the First General Assembly, and 145-1G3 SOURCES the Code of Laws adopted by that Assembly iu 1647 (Provideuce. 1847). "* Bartlett also is- sued An Index to the Acts and Resolves, 1758- 1850 (Provideuce. 1856), supplementary vol- tmies to which have been printed. ^^^ Sidney Rider has printed Laws and Acts, from the First Settlement in 1636, to 1705 (Provi- dence. 1896), and Acts and Laws, with the Charters, 1719 (Providence. 1895), and his Rhode Island Historical Tracts are valuable.^*'' The Early Records of the Town of Providence, 1636-1714, haA'e been issued (Providence. 1892- 8. 12v.)."8 Bartletfs Bibliography of Rhode Island was printed at Provideuce in 1864. ^^^ See, also, the Newport Historical Magazine, continued as the Rhode Island Historical Mag- azine (Newport. 1880-87. 7v.)."o Connecticut The Colonial Records of Connecticut, edited by J. H. Trumbull and C. J. Hoadly, have been printed (Hartford. 1850-90. 15v.).i5i Supplementary to these are Hoadly's Records of the State of Connecticut (Hartford. 1894-5. 2v.)."2 ^\iso consult Hoadly's Records of the Colony of New Haven, 1638-1665 (Hartford. 1857-8. 2v.).i53 Earlier publications are Hin- man's Antiquities, or Letters from Charles II, James II, etc., to Governors of the Colony of Connecticut, with their Answers, and other Documents (Hartford. 1836), and his Historical Collection from Records, etc., of the Part sus- tained by Connecticut during the War of the Revolution (Hartford. 1842)^154 The Record of Connecticut Men in the War of the Revo- lution, War of 1812 and Mexican War was printed at Hartford in 1889.^55 Brinley re- printed the Book of General Laws, 1672 (Hart- ford. 1865) ; Audros, the Code of Laws estab- lished by the General Court, 1650 (New Haven. 1822) ; Hoadly, The New Haven Code of 1655 (Hartford. 1855), and this latter is also con- tained in Trumbull's Blue Laws (Hartford. 1876). "6 New York O'Callaghan's Documents relative to the Co- lonial History of New York (llv. including index) is a vast series of documents collected in Holland, England, and France. Subsequent to this, four supplementary volumes have been printed from material drawn from the state archives ; see in this connection, Brodhead's Final Report to the Senate of New York (Al- io bany. 1845)."' In addition the state has issued in two editions the Documentary History of the State of New York, edited by O'Callaghau (Albany. 1849-51. 4v.)."8 The state archives have been further treated in a Calendar of His- torical ^Manuscripts in the Office of the Secre- tary of State (Albany. 1865-6. 2v.), a Calendar of Historical Manuscripts relating to the War of the Revolution (Albany. 1868. 2v.), a Cal- endar of New York Colonial Manuscripts, In- dorsed Laud Papers in the Office of the Secre- tary of State, 1643-1803 (Albany. 1864), O'Cal- laghan's Index to Vols. 1-3 of Translations of Dutch Manuscripts in the Office of the Secretary of State (Albany. 1870), and in a Catalogue of Historical Papers deposited in the New York State Library (Albany. 1849). "9 A complete republication of the laws to 1775 is included in the Colonial Laws of New York from 1664 to the Revolution (Albany. 1894. 5v.). Sup- plementary to these are Laws of the Colony of New York passed 1774-5 (Albany. 1888), and Laws of the State of New York passed 1777- 1801 (Albany. 1886-7. 5v.). In this connec- tion, see General Index to the Laws of the State from 1777-1865 (Albany. 1866), Index to the Journals of the House of Assembly of New York, 1777-95 (Albany. 1814), Index to the Journals of the Senate, 1777-99 (Albany. 1814), General Index of Documents and Laws of the State of New York (Albany. 1866), and Gen- eral Index to the Legislative Documents of the State of New York (Albany. 1891). "<> Im- portant republications are : Journal of the Votes and Proceedings of the General Assembly, 1691-1765 (N. Y. 1764-6. 2v.), Journal of the Proceedings of the General Assembly of the Colony of New York, 1766-76 (Albany. 1820), Journal of the Legislative Council, 1691-1775 (Albany. 1861. 2v.), Journal of the New York Provincial Congress, 1775-77 (Albany. 1842. 2v.), and Votes and Proceediugs of the Gen- eral Assembly, 1780 (Albany. 1859). "i The Reports of the state historian for '96, '97, and '98 include two volumes. Colonial Series, and v. 1 of the Military Papers of Daniel D. Tompkins. ^^2 Tjie University of the State of New York has published three History Bulle- tins, being Supplementary List of Marriage Licenses (Albany. 1898), Colonial Records, General Entries, v. 1, 1664-5 (Albany. 1899), and Annotated List of the Principal Manu- scripts in the New York Stnte Library (All)any. 1899). 163 It is needless to call attention to DOCUMENTARY SOURCES 164-181 tlie value of the publications of the New York Ilistoricul Society and the New York Genea- logical and Biograpliical Record (N. Y. 1870-. 30v.-f ; Index to v. 1-24). "4 O'Callaghan's Register of New Netherlands, 1626-1674 (Al- banJ^ 1865), his New York Colonial Tracts (Albany. 1866-72. 4v.), Hough's Papers relat- ing to Pemaquid [Maine] (Albany. 1856. Repr. in Maine Hist. Soc. Coll., v. 5), his Papers relating to the Island of Nantucket (Albany. 1856), and Munsell's Historical Series (Albany. 1857-95. 28v.) cannot be omitted. "^ Hildc- burn's List of the Issues of the Press of New York, 1693-1752 (Phil. 1889), with additions to the same in Old New York, is the only important piece of bibliography. 1*6 [See, also. New York Historical Society, etc., sect. 351, below.] New Jersey The Archives of the State of New Jersey (Newark. 1880-99. 21 v. General Index to V. 1-10. Newark. 1888) are now in course of publication.^^'' Supplementary thereto are : Journal of the Procedure of the Governor and Council, 1682-1703 (Jersey City. 1872), Jour- nal and Votes of the House of Representatives of New Jersey, 1703-1709 (Jersey City. 1872), Journal of the Proceedings of the Provincial Congress of New Jersey, 1775 (Woodbury. 1835), Minutes of the Provincial Congre.ss and Council of Safety, 1775-1776 (Trenton. 1879), Journal of the Votes and Proceedings of the Convention of New Jersey, 1776 (Trenton. 1831), Minutes of the Council of Safety of the State of New Jersey, 1777, 1778 (Jersey City. 1872), Minutes of the Provincial Congress and the Council of Safety (Trenton. 1879), the First Report of the Public Record Commission of New Jersey (Somerville. 1899), Stryker's Official Register of Officers and Men of the Revolutionary "War (Trenton. 1872), and his Record of Officers and Men in the Civil War, 1861-5 (Trenton. 1876. 2v.)."8 Two impor- tant publications of the New Jersey Historical Society are Selections from the Correspondence of the Executive of New Jersey from 1776- 1786 (Collections, v. 5. Newark. 1848), and Stevens' Analytical Index to the Colonial Documents of New Jersey in the State Paper Office in England, ed. by Whitehead (N. J. Hist. Soc. Collections, v. 5. N. Y. 1858) ; this latter contains a Catalogue of Books on New Jersey during the Colonial Period. ^^^ In this connec- 11 tion consult Nelson's Check List of the Issues of the Press of New Jersey, 1723, 1728, 1754- 1800 (Paterson. 1899). "<> Pennsylvania A selection of Pennsylvania Archives (Phil. 1852-6. 12v.) has been supplemented by a second series (Harrisburg. 1874-93. 19 v.) and a third scries (1894-5. 4v.)."i Kindred to this is Colonial Records, 1683-1790 (Phil. 1852. 16v.)."2 The Statutes at Large of Pennsyl- vania from 1682-1801 (Phil. 1896-. v. 2-f ) are now in course of publication. The Votes and Proceedings of the House of Representatives were collected and reprinted (Phil. 1752-76. 6v.).^''2 The Proceedings relative to the Calling of the Conventions of 1776 and 1790, with View of Proceedings of the Council of Censors (Har- risburg. 1825) have been reprinted in one volume.^''* The Report of the Commission to locate the Site of the Frontier Forts of Penn- sylvania (Harrisburg. 1896. 2v.) is an histor- ical investigation authorized by the state. ^'^^ The publications of the Historical Society of Penn.sylvania form a series of much value, es- pecially the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. ^^^ Other society publications and periodicals are Proceedings of the Penn- sylvania German Society (Lancaster. 1891-. 8v.+), Egle's Notes and Queries (Harrisburg. Series 1-4. 8v.), and Hazard's Register of Pennsylvania (Phil. 1828-36. 16v.)."7 In cal- endars there have been published Report of the Select Committee on the Colonial Records of Pennsylvania (Phil. 1851), and a Catalogue of Papers relating to Pennsylvania and Dela- ware deposited at the State Paper Office, Lon- don (Phil. 1850)."* Of essential importance is Hildeburn's Century of Printing : Issues of the Press of Pennsylvania, 1685-1784 (Phil. 1885- 6. 2v.)."9 [See, also, Pennsylvania Historical Society, sect. 369, below.] Delaware The Minutes of the Council from 1776-1792 has been printed by the Delaware Historical Society (Papers, v. 6. Wilmington. 1887). i*" See, also, a Catalogue of Papers relating to Pennsylvania and Delaware, deposited at the State Paper Office, London (Phil. 1850). ^si Maryland The Archives of Maryland (Bait. 1883-. 21v.-f) are, by authority of the state, in course 182-201 SOURCES of publication by the Maryland Historical Soci- ety. ^*2 Kindred thereto, of the publications of the same society, are Streeter's Papers relating to the Early History of Maryland (Fund publi- cations, V. 9. Bait. 187G)."3 The General Public Statutory Law and Public Local Law from the Year 1692-1839, with a Copious Index, has been printed (Bait. 1840. 3v.)."4 Iq this connection see Indices to the Laws and Resolutions of Maryland, 1800-1845 (Annapo- lis. 1815-46. 4v.), Index to the Journals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Maryland (Annapolis. 1856-7; 3v.), Index to the Printed Bills of the House of Delegates of Maryland, 1824-49 (Annapolis. 1850), and Index to the Public Documents of the House of Delegates, 1834-44 (Annapolis. 1845). iss The Proceed- ings of the Conventions of the Province of Maryland, 1774-6, was printed at Baltimore in 1836.^** Publications on the state ar- chives are : Alexander's Report of Certain Documents touching the Provincial History of Maryland (Bait. 1860), Ethan Allen's Report of the Condition of the Public Records (An- napolis. 1860), and Report of the Special Committee appointed for the Purpose of exam- ining the Condition of the Public Records of this State (Annapolis. 1853).^*'' In bibliogra- phy, see Lee's Hand List of Laws, Journals and Documents of Maryland, to 1800 (Bait. 1878), and the incomplete Bibliography of Maryland by J. G. Morris (Historical Magazine, n. s. 7 : 240-328). "8 Virginia The Calendar of Virginia State Papers is now in process of publication (Richmond. 1875-. llv.-)-).^*9 Hening's Statutes at Large from 1619 was printed in various places (1819-1823. 13v.).i90 The Proceedings of the [Revolution- ary] Convention [of 1775-6] (Richmond. 1816), the Journal of the Senate 1778-90 (Richmond. 1827-8. 9v.), and the Journal of the House of Delegates from 1776-1786 (Richmond. 1827-8. 4v.) have been printed."^ The Virginia His- torical Society has issued the Records of the Virginia Company (Publications, n. s., v. 7, 8. Richmond. 1888-9. 2v.), and other publica- tions of this society are of importance, especially the Virginia Historical Register (Riclimond. 1848-53. 6v.), the Virginia Historical Re- porter (Richmond. 1854-60. 2v.), and the Vir- ginia Magazine of History and Biographj" (Richmond. 1893-. 6v.-l-)."2 Another valu- 12 able magazine is the William and Mary College Quarterly (Williamsburg. 1892-. 7v.+)."3 North Carolina The Colonial Records of North Carolina have been printed (Raleigh. 1886-. IGv.-f)."* The state has issued Indexes to Documents relative to 2n orth Carolina during the Colonial Existence of said State, now on File in the Offices of the Board of Trade and State Paper Office in Lon- don (Raleigh. 1843), and Saunders' Abstracts of Records and Documents relating to the Colonial History of North Carolina (Raleigh. 1885). ^^^ Valuable publications are Weeks' Press in North Carolina (Brooklyn. 1891), which contains a list of books printed there to 1800, his Libraries and Literature of North Carolina in the Eighteenth Century (Wash. 1896), and his Bibliography of the Historical Literature of North Carolina (Cambridge. 1895). "« South Carolina In the Collections of the South Carolina His- torical Society (Vols. I and III) are printed Lists and Abstracts of Papers in the State Paper Office, London, relating to South Caro- lina, and the same society has recently issued a Report of the Committee in the Matter of Pro- curing Transcripts of the Colonial Records of this State from the London Record Office (Charleston. 1891) ; see, also. The Colonial Re- cords of South Carolina (]\Iagazine of American History, 26 : 388)."' Of value are Carroll's Historical Collections of South Carolina (N. Y. 1836. 2v.), embracing many valuable and rare pamphlets and other documents relating to the history of the state, Weston's Documents con- nected witli the History of South Carolina (Loud. 1856), Gibbes' Documentary History of the American Revolution, consisting of Let- ters and Papers relating to the Contest for Lil)erty, chiefly in South Carolina (N. Y. and Columbia. 1853-7. 3v.), and State Papers on Nullification (Bost. 1834). "» The Statutes at Large from 1682 to 1838 have been printed (Columbia. 1836-73. lOv.), and subsequent volumes have been i.ssued, covering the years 1839-1892 (v. 11-21+). "9 Whitney's Biblio- graphy of the Colonial History of South Caro- lina is printed in the American Historical Association Report for 1894 (p. 563). 200 The Historical Society has just begun the publi cation of the South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, ^oi DOCUMENTARY SOURCES 202-224 Florida Buckingham Smith's Coleccion de varios documentos para la historia de la Florida y tierras adyacentes (Lond. 1857) is valuable. 202 In the Papers of the Southern History Associ- ation (I, 211) is a Bibliography of the Statute Law of Florida by T. L. Cole. 203 French's His- torical Collections of Louisiana somewhat re- lates to Florida. ^''^ See, also, Alabama. Alabama In the American Historical Review (I, 380) is a reprint of part of the State Paper Office Calendar?!, Colonial Series, relating to West Florida. 206 A List of the Original Authori- ties on the History of the British Province of West Florida, in the Record Office, London, is printed in the publications of the Louisiana Historical Society (I, pt. 3, p. 31). In the Amer- ican Historical Association Report for 1897 is printed Owen's Bibliography of Alabama, and the Bibliography of the Statute Law of the State, by T. L. Cole, is printed in the Pa- pers of the Southern History Association (I, 61). 206 Louisiana French's Historical Collections of Louisiana (N. Y. 1846-75. 7v.) is of much importance, and includes an Analytical Index of all the Public Documents in Paris relating to the Dis- covery and Early Settlement of Louisiana, in the Archives de la departement de la marine et des colonies. 20'' In this connection see Boi- mare's Notes bibliographiques etraisonnees sur les principaux ouvrages publics' sur la Floride et I'ancienne Louisiane (Paris. 1855). 208 gee, also, French and Canadian above. Tennessee Journal of the Proceedings of the Legislative Council of the Territory of the United States south of the River Ohio, and the Journal of the General Assembly of the State of Tennessee for the Years 1794-6, were reprinted in Nash- ville in 1852.209 The Tennessee Historical So- ciety Papers (Nashville. 1884) contains a Bib- liography of Tennessee. 210 13 Ohio The state has published no record.s, but of value are the issues of the Ohio State Archae- ological and Historical Society (Columbus. 1891-. 7v.+), the Ohio Valley Historical Se- ries (Cin. 1868-71. 8v.), Howe's Historical Col- lections of Ohio (Columbus. 1889-91. 3v.), and Olden Time (Pitt.sburg. 1846-8. 2v.).2ii See Thomson's Bibliography of Ohio (Cin. 1880).'2" The West No systematic publication of archives, jour- nals, or laws has been made throughout the balance of the United States, but a few passing notes may be of value. The State Historical Society of Wisconsin Reports and Collections (Madison. 1855-98. 14v.) are important, and only second thereto are the Iowa State Histor- ical Society's Annals of Iowa (Iowa City. 1863- 94. 16 v.), supplemented by Documentary Ma- terial relating to the History of Iowa (Iowa City. 1895-6), and the Iowa Historical Record (Iowa City. 1885-. 15v.+).2i3 A Bibliography of Arkansas Laws is given in the Papers of the Southern History Association (I, 113), 21* and other bibliographies are Yohn's Catalogue of Books relating to Indiana (Indianapolis. 1878), 21° Howe's Descriptive Catalogue of the Official Publications of the Territory and State of Indiana from 1800-1890 (Indiana Histor- ical Society Pamphlets, No. 5. Indianapolis. 1890), 210 Williams' Bibliography of Minnesota (Minnesota Hist. Soc, v. 3, pt. 1, p. 13. St. Paul. 1870), 2" Durrie's Bibliography of Wisconsin (Historical Magazine, n. s., vol. 6),2i8 Raines' Bibliography of Texas (Austin. 1896), 210 Wil- liams' Bibliography of Dakota (Minnesota Hist. Soc, III, 37), 220 Foster's Bibliography of Oregon (Magazine of American History, VII, 461), 221 Taylor's Bibliografia Californica (Sac- ramento. 1863), 222 Shinn's Documents on Cal- ifornia (Magazine of American History, XXV, 394), Shinn's Early Books and Magazines of California (Overland Monthly, n. s., XII, 337), 223 Silliman's Partial Reference List of United States Government Publications on Alaska (Monthly Catalogue of U. S. Pub. Doc, No. 37. Wash. 1898). 22* HISTORICAL SOCIETIES The more important documents and papers contained in the publications of such historical societies, printing clubs, etc., as have not re- stricted their collections to a limited field, are mentioned in the following notes. The publi- cations of societies less general in the scope of their work are classed with the bibliography of the sections or divisions to which they per- tain. American Academy of Political and So- cial Science. Philadelphia, Pa. This society was organized in 1889, and has published An- nals of the American Academy, 17 volumes, 1890- 1901, with Supplements, 19 nos., 1891 to 1901 ; also a series of 318 numbered Publications, 1890 to 1901. [225 Among the Priblicntions are the following:: Canada and the U. S., by J. G. Bourinot :— Origin of Connecti- cut towns, by C. M. Andrews: — Constitution of Mex- ico, tr. by I?. Moses : — Recent constitution-making in the IT. S., by F. N. Thorpe :— Congress and the cabi- net, by G. Bradford : — Constitution of Colombia, tr. by B. Moses : — First state constitutions, and sources of American Federalism, by W. C. Morey : — Nicaragua Canal and the Monroe doctrine, by L. M. Keasbey : — Growth of the French Canadian race in America, by J. Davidson : — First appointment of federal repre- sentatives in the U. S.,by E. J. James: —.State consti- tutions' of the American Revolution, by W. C. Web- ster. [226 American Antiquarian Society. Worces- ter, ]\Iass. The American Antiquarian Society was organized in 1812. At various dates from 1820 to 188.5 it published 7 volumes of transac- tions and collections under the general title of Arclmologia Americana. Proceedings of the society, from 1843 to 1880, were published in 64 numbers. In 1882 a new series of Proceed- ings vfm begun, of which 14 volumes had been published in 1901. [227 The most important contents of the Archxoloyia Americana are the following: — V. 1 : Accounts of the discovery of the Mississippi, by Lewis Hennepin. [228 V. 2: Synopsis of the Indian tribes of North Amer- ica, by Albert Gallatin. [229 V. 3: Records of the Company of the Massachusetts Bay to the embarkation of Winthrop and his asso- ciates. [230 V. 4 : Original dociuncnts from the State Paper Office, Londr)n, and the British Museum, illustrating the his- tory of Sir AValter Raleigh's first American colony and the colony at .Jamestown: —A Discourse of Virgini;i, by E. M. \Vingfield. [231 V. 5, G : History of printing in America and an ac- count of newspapers, by Isaiah Thomas. [232 In the new series of Proceedings the following are chiefly important : — V. 1 : Notes on the bibliography of Yucatan and Cen- tral America, by A. F. Bandelier: — Origin of the names of the states of the Union, by H. B. Staples. [233 V. 2: Notes on the history of witchcraft in Jlassa- chusetts, by G. H. Jloorc. [234 V. 3: The history of Connecticut, as illustrated by the names of her towns, by F. B. Dexter. [235 V. 4 : The connection of Massachusetts with slavery and the slave trade, by Charles Deane: — Archaeologi- cal research in Yucatan, by E. H. Thomi)son. [230 V. 5: Estimates of population in the American colo- nies, by F. B. Dexter : —King Philip's War, with special reference to the attack on Brookfield, by G rindall Rey- nolds:— The early African slave trade in New Eng- land, by W. B. Weeden: — Notes on the bibliography of witchcraft in Massachusetts, by G. H. Moore: — The legislative history of the Ordinance of 1787, by J. M. Merriam : — Naval history of the Revolution, by E. E. Hale. [237 V. G: The navigation laws, by Edward Channing. [238 V. 7 : Government in Canada and tlie U. S. com])ared, by G. F. Hoar: — The French Canadians in New Eng- land, by E. C. Smyth. [239 Y'. 8 : Yucatan at the time of its discovery, by E. H. Thompson : — The British Public Record Office, and the materials in it for early American liistorj , by W. N. Sainsbury. [24O V. 9: Edmund Burke, his services as Agent of the Province of New York, by C. Stebbins: — Concord, [Mass.], by J. McK. Merriam:— The rival claimants for North America, 1497-1755, by Justin Winsor. [241 Many of these articles have also been published separately. Among the occasional publications of the Society are the following: Records of the Council for New England, in 3 parts, ed. by Charles Deane: — The Mathers and the witchcraft delusion, by S. F. Haven : — Lieut. -Gen. John Burgoyne and the Convention of Saratoga, by Charles Deane: — Massachusetts and ]Maine, their union and separation, by P. E. Aldrich : — The Katunes of Maya history, by P. J. J. Valen- cini: — Origin of New England towns, their powers and duties, by P. E. Aldrich. [242 American Historical Association. Wash- ington, I). C. This association was organized in 1884. From 1885 to 1891 it published 5 14 HISTORICAL SOCIETIES 24^-274 volumes of Papers. Tlie Annual reports with papers from 1889 to 18!)9 form 13 volumes. [243 The most iiiiiiortaiit articles are the following: — 1891 : The earliest Texas, by Mrs. L. C. Harby. [^44 1893: TIk' hi.storieal siy;nitieanee of tlie Missouri Coiniiroiiiise, by J. A. Wooilbxirn : — The establi.sh- nieiit of tlie first southern boundary of the U. S., by B. A. Hinsdale. [245 1894: The regulators of North Carolina, by J. S. IJas- sett. [246 1895: The .surroundings and site of Raleigh's colony, by Talcott AVilliams: — Governor Edward Winslow, his place and part in IMyniouth colony, by Ucv. W. C. Winslow: —"Free burghs" in the U. S., by J. 11. Blodgett: — Slavery in the I'rovince of South Carolina (1670-17701, by Edward McCrady. [247 1896: Journal and papers of the Continental Con- gress, by Herbert Friedenwald: — The anti-rent e\)\- sode in the State of New York, by David Murray : — The West as a field for historical study, by F. J. Tur- ner: — Proposed amendments to the Con.stitution of the U. S. during the first century of its existence, by H. V. Ames. [248 1897: The diplomacy of the U. S. in regard to Cuba, by J. H. Latane: —The Protestant revolution in Mary- land, by B. C. Steiner. [249 1898: The Society of Separatists of Zoar, Ohio, by G. B. Landis : — Diplomatic relations of the Confeder- ate States with England, by J. M. Callahan. [250 Many articles in the Reports and Papers are also issued separately. Bradford Club. New York. Organized in 1859. [251 Among other papers published are the following: Papers concerning the attack on Hatfield and Deer- ticld by a party of Indians, Sept. 19th, 1G77 : — The oper- ations of the French fleet under the Count de Grasse, in 1781-82: — The northern invasion of October, 1780, papers relating to the expedition from Canada under Sir John Johnson : — The army correspondence of Col. John Laurens, 1777-78. [252 Columbia University. New York City. In 1891 the University began the publication of a series of Studies in history, economics, and public law, of which 13 volumes had been issued in 1901. [253 Among their contents are : — V. 1: History of tariff adnunistration in the IT. S., by J. D. Goss : — Financial history of Massacluisetts, by C. H. J. Douglas. (254 v. 3: History of elections in the American Colonies, by C. F. Bishop : — Commercial policy of England toward the American Colonies, by G. L. Beer. 1 255 V. 4: Financial history of Virginia, 1609-1770, by W. Z. Ripley. [256 V. 5: Double taxation in the U. S., by F. Walker. [257 V. 6 : History of proprietary government in Penn- sylvania, by W. R. Shepherd. [25^ v. 7 : History of the transition from j)rovincial to commonwealth government in Massachusetts, by H. A. Gushing. [259 V. 8 : Struggle between President Johnson and Con- gress over reconstruction, Ijy C. E. Chadsey. [260 V. 10: Rhode Island and the formation of the Union, byF. G.Bates. [26 1 Harvard University. Cambridge, ^lass. In 1890 and 1891 two volumes of Harvard historical monographs were published, and a series of Harvard historical studies was be- gun in 1896, of which 6 numbers have been issued. [262 The contents of the Monographs are : — Y. 1 : The veto power in the U. S., by E. C. Mason. [263 Y. 2: Introduction to the study of federal govern- ment, by A. B. Hart. [264 The Studies are : — V. 1 ; The suppression of the African slave trade to the U. S. 1G38-1870, by W. E. B. DuBois. [265 Y. 2 : The contest over the ratification of the Federal Constitution in Massachusetts, by S. B. Harding. [266 Y. 3: A critical study of nullification in South Caro- lina, by D. F. Houston. [267 V. 4: Nominations for elective offices in the U. S., by F. W. Dallinger. [268 Y. 5: A bililiography of British municipal history, including gilds and parliamentary representation, by Charles Gross. [269 Y. 6 : The Liberty and Free Soil Parties in the North- west, by T. C. Smith. [27O Historical Printing Club. Brooklyn, N. Y. The Historical Printing Club was formed in 1876, and has published a considerable number of volumes and pamphlets on subjects relating to early Amei-ican history, especially the Revo- lutionary period. [271 Among them are bibliographies of Alexander Ham- ilton and Benjamin Franklin, compiled by Paul Lei- cester Ford : — a collection of Pamphlets and of Essays on the Constitution of the U. S. published during the discussion by the people, 1787-1788, ed. by Mr. Ford: — Bibliograi>liy of the adoption of the Constitution of the U. S., by Mr. Ford. [272 There are also the following : Report of a Com- mittee of the Lords of the I'rivy Council on the trade of Great Britain with the U. S., Jan. 1791 : —The spu- rious letters attributed to Washington: — The U. S. and Spain in 1790, an episode in diplomacy, with an introduction by W. C. Ford: — The Washington-Duche letters : —Letters of William Lee, 1766-83. 3v. : — Prison- ers of war (British and American), 1778, ed. by W. C. Ford. [273 Johns Hopkins University. Baltimore, Md. In 1883 the Johns Hopkins University began the publication of the University studies ill historical and political science, of which 19 series and 19 extra volumes had been issued in 1901. The more important ones are separately noticed, in their proper places, hereafter. [274 Maine Historical Society. Portland, Me. 15 275-300 SOURCES Organized in 1822, and from 1831 to 1891 pub- lished its 1st series of Colltctions, consisting of 10 volumes. The 2d series, called Collections and proceedings, from 1890 to 1901, contains 10 volumes. There is also a Documentary series, of which the 1st volume was issued in 1869, the 8th in 1901. All three series are devoted to subjects relating to the history of Maine. [275 Among the most important articles in the 1st series are: — V. 2: Kriefe narration of the originall undertakings of the advancement of plantations into the parts of America, by Sir Ferdinando Gorges, London, 1G58. [276 V. 6: French neutrals in Maine, by Joseph William- son. [277 V. 7: Journal of the attack of the rebels on His Majesty's ships and troops, 24th July, 1779, in Penob- scot Bay, from the Nova Scotia G.azette, Sept. 14, 1779: — Slavery in Maine, by Joseph AVilliamson. [278 In the 2d series is : — V. 2. The capture of the Margaretta, the first naval battle of the Revolution, by G. F. Talbot. [279 On the contents of the Documentary series, Prof. H. L. Osgood writes as follows : — " Vol. 1 contains J. G. Kohl's History of the discovery of Maine. This is an elaborate monograph, not simply on the voyages to the Maine coast, but on the entire work of discovery by Europeans along the North American coast from the time of the Northmen till, at the close of the liitli century, Raleigh initiated English coloniza- tion. It is an original woi-k of the first importance and contains many of the most valuable among the early maps. [280 " Vol. 2 contains Richard Hakluyt's Z)(>co?«Me concern- ing icestern planting, edited, ^^•ith notes by Charles Beane and introduction by Leonard Woods. [28 1 " In vol. 3 are T/ie Tiekncvy pojin-s, edited by J. P. Baxter. Robert Trelawny and Moses Goodyear se- cured from the New England Council in 1031 a patent for Richmond's Island and Cape Elizabeth, near Port- land, Me. John AVinter was sent over as agent, and a large trade was opened. Much of the correspondence here printed is between Trelawny and his agent. The rest of it chiefly concerns the controversy over the award in 1G48, transferring Trelawny's plantation to Robert Jordan and his heirs. The papers throw much light on the early history of Maine. [282 "Vols. 4 and H contain the Baxter manuscripts, a mis- cellaneous collection of documents procured in part from the I'.ritish Public Record Office. These relate to the history of the settlements along the Maine coast previous to 1700." L283 Massachusetts Historical Society, Bos- ton, Mass. Organized in 1791, in 1900 this So- ciety bad published 61 volumes of Collections, and 36 volumes of Proceedings. [284 The Collections are divided into series of 10 vols, each — the tenth volume containing a consolidated index to the M-liole series. The first 20 volumes of the Pro- ceedings form also a series with a consolidated index 16 in a separate volume. Several of the early volumes of the Collections have been reprinted. Innumerable papers, taken from the Collections anil the Proceedings, have been separately printed, and many documents first printed by the society have since been published by individuals or by i)ublishiug houses. But, as many 01 these reprints have either been '• privately printed" or published in " limited editions," the volumes of the Society's Collections and Proceedings remain the great storehouse to which the student must have recourse. The earlier volumes of the Collections contain masses of miscellaneous matter ; but the later volumes have been devoted to single works or to classes of papers. Since 1H58 the shorter disconne(;ted pieces have been printed in the Proceedings. The following list is neces- sarily confined to an enumeration of the more impor- tant pai)ers and volumes (the Society has in contem- Xjlation a working bibliography of its printed matter). [285 COLLECTIONS Francis Higginson's New England's plantation, 1629, describes events in the early history of Salem : — Ex- amination of Dr. Benjamin Church: — New England's first fruits in respect to the progress of learning at Cambridge, 1643, the earliest account of Harvard Col- lege: —William Morrell's Account of New England, in verse. Ser. 1, v. 1. [286 Thomas Pemberton's Historical journal of the Amer- ican war. Ser. 1, v. 2. [287 Roger Williams' Key to the language of North America. Ser. 1, v. 3. [288 Thomas Brattle's Witchcraft delusion, 1692: — Wil- li.am Bradford's Letter book [Extracts]: — [Hartwell, Blair, and Chilton], Present state of Virginia, 1696. Ser. 1, V. 5. [289 Review of the military operations, 17.53-56 [and other papers relating to the same epoch]. Ser. 1, v. 7. [29O Edw.ard .Johnson's Wonder working Providence of Sion's Saviour in New England, an early account by one of the settlers. Ser. 2, v. 2-4, 7, S. [29 1 J. Meigs' Journal of Arnold's expedition to Quebec. Ser. 2, v. 2. • [292 New England's Jonas cast up in London, 1647. Ser. 2, V. 4. [293 William Hubbard's General history of New England, the earliest compiled history, now largely superseded owing to the discovery and printing of Bradford's and Winthrop's histories. Ser. 2, v. 5, 6. [294 Prince's Annals of New England, v. 2, nos. 1-3: — Rhode Island state papers (1638-1676). Ser. 2, v. 7. [295 Massachusetts and the Commissioners, 1662-1666: — The new life of Virginia, 1612: — Capt. John Mason's Brief history of the Pcquot war. Ser. 2, v. 8. [296 A perfect description of Virginia, 1649. Ser. 2, v. 9. [297 Edward Winslow's New England's Salamander dis- covered: — Josiah Cotton's Vocabulary of the Mas.sa- chusetts Indians. Ser. 3, v. 2. [298 John Smith's Advertisement for the unexperienced planters of New England: — Lechford's Plain dealing: — Josselyn's Two voyages to New England. Ser. 3, V. 3. [299 Tr.acts relating to the attempts to convert to Chris- tianity the Indians of New England. Ser. 3, v. 4. [3OO HISTORICAL SOCIETIES 301-336 Journal of the Congress at Albany, 1754 : — Journal of CluistopliLT Gist, 1783: — Journal of a treaty with the ludian.s, 1TU3. Ser. 3, v. 5. [301 UnderhiU's History of the Pequot war, 1C38 :— Vin- cent's True relation [of the Pequot war] : — Sir Ferdi- nando (iorges's Description of New England : — A brief narration, etc., U>58: — Capt. John Smith's Description of New Kngland, IGIG. Ser. 3, v. (',. [302 N.,^amuel Niles's History of the Indian and French wars. Ser. 3, v. 0; ser. 4, v. 5. [S^S Documents relating to Gosnold's Voyage to New England, 1C02: — Voyage made, 1605, by Capt. Way- raouth: — Voyage into New Enghmd, 1G23-24, by Chris- topher Levett : — Massachusetts' IJody of liberties, 1G41. Ser. 3, V. 8. [304 Winthrop papers. Ser. 3, v. 10 ; ser. 4, v. 6, 7 ; ser. 5, V. 1, 8 ; ser. 6, v. 3, 5. This mass of papers relates to the history of New England from 1C30-1727, more particu- larly to that of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Many other papers from the Winthrop collection are scat- tered through the Proceedings and the earlier volumes of the Collections. For a partial enumeration of those in the Proceedings, see Coll., ser. 6, v. 9, preface. [305 Joseph Hunter's Collections concerning the early history of the founders of New Plymouth : — Strachey's Account of the Popham Colony and other papers relat- ing to the same settlement: — Newell's Journal (Bos- ton, 1775-76). Ser. 4, v. 1. [306 John Clark's Ill-newes from New England, 1652. Ser. 4, V. 2. [307 William Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation, edited by Charles Deane, ser. 4, v. 3; still the most serviceable edition for the student. [3^8 Correspondence as to the relief of the sufferers by the Boston port bill. Ser. 4, v. 4. [309 Hinckley papers, ser. 4, v. 5; relate mainly to the affairs of New Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts from 1676 to 1690. [31O Mather papers, ser. 4, v. 8; relate to New England (1650-1725), especially to the period, 1670-1690. [311 Aspinwall papers. Ser. 4, v. 9, 10. Some of these papers relate to the earlier history of Virginia, but most of them have to do with the critical years, 1763-1775. [312 Belknap papers. Ser. 5, v. 2,3; ser. 6, v. 4. These papers cover the years, 1766-1798; but the great mass of the material relates to the years after 1780. [3^3 Letters and documents relating to slavery in Massa- chusetts. Ser. 5, V. 3. [314 Centennial volume. Ser. 5, v. 4. It contains Wash- ington's Letters to General Heath, John Adams's Cor- respondence with Professor Winthrop, and John Ad- ams's Correspondence with Mrs. Mercy Warren. [31S Samuel Sewall's Diarj-, ser. 5, v. 5-7, and his Letter book, ser. 6, v. 1, 2, form an admirable exposition of New England life in the mid-colonial period. The diary is unique among American contemporaneous records. [3^6 Trumbull papers. Ser. 5, v. 9, 10. These jiapers re- late to the colonial history of Connecticut and to the correspondence of Washington and Governor Trum- bull. [317 Belcher papers, ser. 6, v. 6, 7, concern the history of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and New Jersey, of which colonies Belcher was governor. Interesting also for the light they throw on social life at a later period than is covered by Sewall's Diaiy. LS^^ Historical index to the Pickering papei'S, ser. 6, v. 8, is a calendar of the papers of Timothy Pickering ex- tending from 17G9 to 1828. This collection numbers 57 bcmnd manuscript volumes and is the largest collec- tion of Federalist papers open to the public. The calendar is so constructed that the student can see at a glance what each paper contains. [3^9 Bovvdoin and Temple papers. Ser. G, v. 9. The papers printed in this volume extend from 1756 to 1782. Many of them are of great value. Among them are letters from Washington, George Grenville, Temple, Whately, Franklin, Bollan, Bowdoin, and Trumbull. [320 Pepperrell papers, ser. 6, v. 10, are an exceedingly valuable collection of official documents and private papers relating to the capture of Louisburg by the New Englanders in 1745. l32I Jefferson papers (1 770-1 82G). Ser. 7, v. 1. These are personal papers, which throw light on Jefferson's char- acter, a few important political letters, and a good deal of interesting material respecting the University of Virginia. [3^2 PROCEEDINGS Diary of Thomas Newell at Boston, 1773-74. Ser. 1, V. 4. [323 George Livermore's The opinions of the founders of the Republic respecting negroes. Ser. 1, v. 6. [324 Samuel Sewall's The selling of Joseph, 1700. (Also in Coll., ser. 5, v. 6.) Reprint of a rare tract against negro slavery : — Ezekiel Price's Diary [siege of Bos- ton]. Ser. 1, V. 7. [32S John Andrews's Letters, 1772-76. Ser. 1, v. 8. These relate to the period of the Revolution in Massachu- setts. [326 Joel Parker's Origin of the towns of New Eng- land: — James Walker's Memoir of Josiah Quincy: — Bacon and Ingram's Rebellion [in Virginia]. A most valuable original account of this interesting move- ment: — T. C. Amory, Memory of General John Sul- livan vindicated. Ser. 1, V. 9. [327 Charles Deane's The forms used in issuing Letters- Patent by the crown of England : — William Bradford's Dialogue between old men and young men. Ser. 1, V. 11. [328 Capt. John Smith's New England's trials [Lond. 1620]. Ser. 1, V. 12. [329 Papers relating to the Boston Tea Party: — Charles Deane, On the Massachusetts Bill of Rights. Ser. 1, V. 13. [330 Charles Deane, On Paul Revere's Signal. Ser. 1, V. 15. [331 Narrative of JoUey Allen, 1775-76 [a Bo.ston Tory]. Ser. 1, v. 16. [332 Journal of Thomas W\allcut, to IMarietta [and back in 1720]. Ser. 1, v. 17. [333 Papers relating to the I'opham colony : — G. E. Ellis and J. G. Whittier on the latter's poem entitled The King's missive. Ser. 1, v. 18. [334 Journal of Dr. Belknap's journey to Oneida, 1796. Ser. 1, V. 19. [335 C. F. Adams' Sir Christopher Gaidiner. Ser. 1, V. 20. [336 17 337-359 SOURCES G. H. INIoorc and others on "Witchcraft in Massa- chusetts: — Samuel Maverick's Account of JCcw Eng- land in U;.'?(): — Mellen Ch;imberhiin's The authentica- tion of the Declaration of Independence. Ser. 2, T. 1. L337 Wild's and Dearborns Journals of Arnold's expe- dition to Quebec: —I'erkins's Narrative of the insur- rection in San Domingo, 1793: — Diaries and jour- nals of Sullivan's Indian campaign, ITT'J. Ser. 2, v. 2. [338 Joseph Priestley's Letters, 1798-1800. Ser. 2, v. 3. L339 Josiah Quincy's Account of a journey through south- ern New England, 1801: — Report of the trial of Mrs. Anne Hutchinson, 1G38. Ser. 2, v. 4. [34° Journals of the Canada expedition of 17(>0. Ser. 2, y.4,5. L341 Djt. PiercCs Notes on Harvard Commencements. Ser. 2, V. 5. This describes not merely the Commence- ment exercises, but many eminent persons who partici- pated in them. [342 Ebenezer Wild's Journal, 177G-81 : — H. M. Dexter's English exiles in Amsterdam, 1.597-1025: — Inscrip- tions on the Cabot map. Ser. 2, v. C. 1 343 C. F. Adams and others. Genesis of New England towns. Ser. 2, v. 7. [344 Francis Tarkman's Autobiography. Ser. 2, v. 8. [345 Jabez Fitch's Journal [of the siege of Boston], Aug.- Dec. 1775: — Dr. AVatts's Letters to New England cor- respondents. Ser. 2, v. 9. [34° John Rowe's Diary (Boston, 1764-1779): — E. L. Pierce's Recollection as a source of history. Ser. 2, V. 10. [347 Dudley Bradstreet's Diai-y at siege of Louisburg, 1745. Ser. 2, v. 11. [348 Amos Farnsworth's Diary (siege of Boston). Ser. 2, V. 12. [349 John T. Hassam's The Bahama Islands: —The Dud- ley records, cover the period of Dudley's presidency. Ser. 2, V. 13. [350 E. C. New York Historical Society. New York City. This society was organized in 1804. Its Collactions exist in tliree series, tlie 1st c-on- taining 5 volumes, the 2d 4 volumes, the .-5d, or Fund series, containing 26 volumes. [351 The matter contained in the 1st series was prepared and is.sued in the earlier years of the Society's exist- ence, and is naturally less abundant and less valuable than that to be found in its more recent volumes. The most valuable feature of the 1st series is an authori- tative edition of William Smith's JTislory of New Yorlc, in 2 volumes (vols. 4, 5).' Next to that in import:incc is the reprint of the Easthami)ton MS. of The T)ukr of York^s Irnvs, to be found at the close of the 1st volume. The other volumes of the series contain reprints from Hakluytand Purchas, and papers read before the Soci- ety in its earlier years. Among the reprints, the rela- tion of Robert Juct concerning the third voyage of Henry Hudson, in Mhich he dis(;ovored the Hudson Elver, is the most Important. This is in volume 1. [352 The matter contained in the 2d series relates chiefly to the Dutch period and the early English period of New York history. It consists in large part of trans- lations from Dutch and French sources concerning those times. We find here, for example, a translation of Vcrrazano's RHalion of his voyage to the North American continent (vol. 1) ; a translation of Van der Douck's Description of I\'eu' Nethevland, J 656 {\o\. 1); a translation in full of De Vries' Voyages from Holland to Aiturii-a, 1632-1644 (vol. 3); a translation of the narra- tive of the Marquis de Nonville's expedition against the Seneca Indians in 1C87 (vol. 2); translations also of the lie/jrcsenldtion of J^'ew Netherlands (vol. 2), of ilega- jjolensis' Sketch of the Mohawk Indians (vol. 3), of the Broud adiice, and of the Papers of Father Jogues (vol. 3). The journal of the embassy of Father Druillettes from Canada to New England in 1050 also appears in vol. 3, while at the close of that volume are the Proceedings of the First Assembly of Virginia, 1619. Vol. 4 contains the only published catalogue of the librai-y of the Society. [353 The material contained in the Fund series relates in the main to the history of the Revolution. Exceptions to this are the contents of the first three volumes, which embrace the continuation of Chalmer's Political annals; Colden''s Letters on Smith's History of Neic York ; a considerable array of dociuneuts relating to Leisler's rebellion ; the Clarendon papers concerning New York and New England alTairs soon after 1000;. documents relating to the controversy over the New Hampshire grants; matter concerning local and family history of New York city in the eighteenth century. [354 In the volume for 1880 ai)pear The case of Chief Justice William Atwood, 1713, and the Journal of the Court of Lieuteiiancy at Neiv York, 16S6-1G90. [355 The volume for 1885 contains all the material avail- able in the records of New York city and the archives at Albany, relating to great and small burgher rights in New Amsterdam, and to the admission of freemen by the city of New York, with full lists both of burghers and freemen, and a list of indentures of apprentice- ship from Feb. 1G94 to Jan. 1707. [35^ The volume for 1891 is filled with the muster rolls of New York during the French and Indian war, while a part of the correspondence which ajjpears in the other volumes relates also to that war. [357 The material in this series which concerns the Revo- lution Itegins with the Papers of Gen. Charles Lee, filling 4 volumes. The collection, nuich of which was left by (Jencral Lee to William doddard, and was intrusted by one of his descendants, ]\Ir. Samuel G. Goddard, to Mr. George H. ^Moore for ])ul>lication, contains not only the correspondence, but the political and military writings of the General. The letters relate to the en- tire period of his active life, and every effort has been made to secure a complete collecticm. The 4th volume also contains reprints of tliree of the standard me- moirs of General Lee, including that by J:ired Sparks. That volume closes with a rei)rint of George H. Moore's Treason of General Charles Lee. [35" The volume for 1875 contains the letters of General James Pattison while he was an oflRcer in the British artillery in the early jiart of 1779, and later while he was command:int in the city of New York (July, 1779 to Aug. 1780), also letters to General Lewis Morris, continuing through the Revolution and written from various quarters. [359 18 HISTORICAL SOCIETIES 360-374 The volumes for 187G ami 187" contain the Coldrn papers. These are the letter-books of Oovernor Cad- wallader ('olden, and extend from ITCiO, when, as President of the Council, he lirst became Acting (iov- ernor of the province, through his later terms of ser- vice till his death in 1775. The corresiiondcnce is voluminous, and it forms one of the most imiiortant sources of information concerning events in New York during the entire controversy which preceded the war of the Kevolution. [3^0 The volumes for 1878, 1879, and 1880 form a sub-series, entitled llivulutionary papers. They contain the papers of Charles Thomson, secretary of the Congress of the Confederation, which relate espctdally to debates in that congress and to affairs in rennsylvania during 1774 and 1775 ; letters of Colonel Armand, a French oflicer, relating in i)art to the siege of Yorktown ; letters to Robert Morris; the proceedings of the courts-mai'tial for the trials of General Schuyler (Oct. 1778), of General Robert Howe of North Carolina (Jan. 1781.'), and of Gen- eral St. Clair (Aug. 1778); the journal of Connuissary Rainsfortl of the British army, containing much niattcir concerning the employment by Great Britain of Ger- man auxiliaries for the war; a journal of octuirrences at Quebec from Nov. 1775 to May, 177U, by an officer of the British garrison. LS^^ In 1881 the Society jirinted the Moiitresor jonnuils. These are the diaries of two British engineers who were employed in the American service. The diary of Colonel James Montresor extends from 1757 to 1759, and thus relates wholly to the French and Indian war. That of his son. Captain John JMontresor, extends from 1757 to 1778. I362 In 1882 the Society printed the letter-books of Lieu- tenant Von Krafft and Captain Alexander MacDonald, both officers on the British side during the Revolution- ary war. [363 The volumes for 1883 and 1884 contain the Kemhle papers. These are the journals of Colonel Stephen Kcmble from 1773 to 1770, while he was Deputy Adju- tant-General of the British army in America ; also during 1784-5 and 1788. This collection also includes a journal, order-books, and documents relating to an exitedition in 1780-81 against Nicaragua, which was comnuuided by Kemble as Brigadier-General. In the first of these volumes (also from the Kemlle papers) are the order-books of General Sir AVilliam Howe from Nov. 1775 to May, 1778, followed by some of the orders of Sir Henry Clinton. [3^4 In the volume for 18SG the Society began the publica- tion of the Papers of Silas Deane, and these have been completed in 5 volumes (1886-1890). These letters and papers have been brought together both from printed and manuscript soiirces, and form as near as possible an exhaustive collection. They relate to the life of Mr. Deane as a member of the Continental Congress, to his labors as an American agent in France, and in great detail to the controversy which arose over his conduct in France, and to the justification of that conduct, to which Mr. Deane devoted much attention during his later years. [3^5 It will be noted that in the selection of material for this series the Society has drawn quite fully from British and loyalist sources. The contents of all the vohnnes have been carefully edited, and the series is amply provided with indexes. [3^^ n. L. o. Old South Work, Directors of. Bo.gton, Muss. Tliis iLssociiition was orgunized iu 1881, and in 1888 begun the publication of the Old jSoitth leaflets, of which 'JO liad been published in 1898. [367 The most important are the following : No. 7. Cliar- ter of Massachusetts Bay, 1629. No. 8. Fundamental orders of Connecticut, 1038. No. 9. Franklin's i)lan of union, 1754. No. 13. The ordinance of 1787. No. 14. The constitution of Ohio. No. 17. Verrazano's voyage. No. 21. Eliot's narrative, 1070. No. 22. Wheelock's narrative, 1702. No. 23. The jjctition of rights, 1628. No. 24. The grand remonstrance, 1041. No. 25. The Scottish national covenant, 1638. No. 26. The agree- ment of the people, 1648-9. No. 27. The instrument of government, 1653. No. 31. The voyages to Vin- land, from the saga of Eric the Red. No. 37. Early notices of the voyages of the Cabots. No. 39. De Va- ca's aconmt of his journey to New Mexico, 1.5.35. No. 40. Manasseh Cutler's description of Ohio, 1787. No. 41. Washington's journal of his tour to the Ohio, 1770. No. 44. Jefferson's life of Capt. Meriwether Lewis. No. 48. Bradford's memoir of Elder Brewster. No. 54. Lettersof Roger Williams to Winthrop. No. 69. Description of the New Netherlands, by Adrian Van der Donck. No. 74. Hamilton's report on the coinage. No. 77. Cotton Mather's lives of Bradford and Win- throp. [368 Pennsylvania, Historical Society of. Philadelphia. This society, organized in 1825, has made extensive and valuable contributions to the history of the state. Its publications in- clude 14 volumes of Memoirs, of which the 1st appeared in 1820 and the 14th in 189.5, a Bnllc- iin, of which 13 numbers were published in the years 1845, '0 and '7, one volume of Collections, 1853, and the Pennsylvania magazine of his- tory and biograj)hy, a quarterly, which, begun in 1877, completed its 24th volume in 1901. [369 The Memoirs contain much original material I'elative to the life of William I'enn and the settlement of Pennsylvania. Articles deserving special notice are as follows:— [37 O V. 1 : Original letters of William Penn, and pajiers relating to them: — Notices of negro slavery as con- nected with Pennsylvania, by Edward Bettle. [37^ V. 3, pt. 1 : Short description of the i)rovince of New Sweden, now called by the English Pennsylvania, by T. C. Holm : — Histoi-y of the I'niversity of Pennsyl- vania to 1827, by G. B. Wood: — Inedited letters of William Penn. [372 V. 3, pt. 2: Memoir on the histoi-y of the treaty made liy William Penn with the Indians in 1682, by P. S. Du Ponceau and J. F. Fisher. [373 V. 5: History of an expedition against Fort Du Quesne in 17.55, under Maj.-Gen. Edward Braddock, ed. from original manuscripts by Winthrop Sargent. [374 V. 6 : The insurrection of 1794 in the western coun- ties of Penn.sylvauia, by Townseud Ward: The Aca- 19 375-390 SOURCES dian exiles, or French neutrals, in Pennsylvania, by W. B. Reed. [375 V. 7: A military journal kept by Maj. E. Denny, 1781 to 1795. [376 V. 8: Minutes of the Committee of Defence of Phila- delphia, 1814-15. 1 377 V.9 and 10: Correspondence between William Penn and James Loiran, Secrctarj- of the Province of Penn- sylvania, and others, 1700-1750. [37^ V. 11 : History of New Sweden, by Isaac Acrelius. [379 V. 12: History, manners, and customs of the Indian nations who once inhabited Pennsylvania, by John Heckewelder. [380 V. 13: Life and times of John Dickinson, 1732-1808, by C. J. Stim. [381 V. 14: Writings of John Dickinson, ed. by P. L. Ford. [382 Important articles in the BnUetin are: Journal of Isaac Senter on a secret expedition against Quebec, in September, 1775 : — Letters from John Clark, Jr., to General Washington, during the occupation of Phila- delphia by the British. L383 The ('o//erf!oniS contain : Narrative and journals of Conrad Weiser: — General ^Muhlenberg's journals of 1776 and 1777: — Journal of the campaign to Amboy, &c., by B. Loxlcy :— Journal of William Feltman, 1781-82, embracing the siege of Yorktown. Many of these articles have also been printed separately. [384 The occasional iniblications of the Society are nu- merous, the following being specially notable: Life of John Heckewelder, by E. Rondthaler: — The Mor- mons, by T. L. Kane: — The history of Mason and Dixon's line, by J. H. B. Latrobe: — History of the Ordinance of 1787, by Edward Coles: —History of the consolidation of the city of Philadelphia, by Eli K. Price: — Historical map of Pennsylvania, ed. by P. W. Sheaf er and others. [385 Prince Society. Boston, Mass. This soci- ety was organized in I808, and has published the following, which are separately noticed elsewhere. [386 The Hutchinson papers: — Wood's \ew Englatid's prospect: — The Andros tracts, 3v. — Sir William Alexander and American colonization : — John Wheel- wright, his writings: — Voyages of the Xorthnien to America, ed. by Kev. E. F. Slafter: — Voyages of Sam- uel de Champlain, tr. by C. P. Otis, 3v. — The New English Canaan of Thomas Morton : — Sir Walter Ra- leigh and his colony in America: — Voyages of Peter Esprit Radisson : — Capt. John Mason, the foiuider of New Hampshire: — Sir Ferdinando Gorges and his province of Maine. 3v. — Antinomianism in the colony of Massachusetts Bay, ed. by C. F. Adams: —John Checkley, or. The evolution of religious tolerance in Massachusetts Bay, 2v. [387 Scotch-Irish Society of America. Phila- delphia, Pa. This society was organized in 1889, and from that year to 189G published 8 volumes of proceedings at the annual con- gresses. [388 Wisconsin, University of. Madison, Wis. The University of "Wisconsin was founded in 1848. In 1894 it issued the first number of a series of Bulletins on economics, political sci- ence, and history. Seven numbers had appeared up to Dec. 1901. [389 Their contents are : No. 1 : Geographical distribu- tion of the vote of the thirteen states on the Federal constitution, 1787-8, by O. G. Libby. No. 2 : Finances of the U. S. from 1775 to 1789, with especial reference to the budget, by C. J. Bullock. [390 The reader should consult the index for further references. 20 PART II. AMERICA AT LARGE GENERAL HISTORY Adams, Charles Kendall. torical literature. N. Y. : New ed. §2.50. ]\Ianual of his- Ilarper. 1882. [391 Annual register, 1758-. One hundred pages, forming chapter XIV, are de- voted to histories of the United States. Section VI of this chapter, entitled Suggestions to students and readers, contains many excellent helps. Later edi- tions have some new matter. Too brief to be of much value to the student, but well suited to the needs of the general reader. E. C. Londou. 1759-. [392 A record of events covering everj- year from 1758 down. Almost from the start the plan has been fol- lowed of reviewing the political history of the world in the first portion of each volume, and then recording the year's remarkable occurrences chronologically. The work contains many important state papers, re- ports of celebrated trials, and obituary sketches, and of late years there have been reviews of science, litera- ture and art. Down to 1863, when the " new series '' began, the English history — which is naturally much fuller than other history — consisted chiefly of a sum- mary of jiarliamentary debates ; since then it has been put in narrative form as in the case of other countries. The Register was projected by Robert Dodsley, and for nearly 30 years Edmund Burke wrote the survey of events. Indexes have been published covering 1758- 1780, 1781-1792, and 1758-1819, and beginning with 1820 each volume has been indexed. There are separate pagings for the political history and the chronology. F. J. S. Bartlett, John Russell. Bibllotheca Amer- icana. Catalogue of books relating to North and South America in the library of the late John Carter Brown of Providence, R. I. Parti. 1482-1601. Providence. 1875. Part II. 1600-1700. Second edition. Providence. 1882. Part III (in 2v.). 1701-1800. Providence. 1870-1. 4v. [393 During 25 years of rapidly increasing interest in early Amc """ i history and of the continual publica- tion Oi b ," the subject, this catalogue of books . ...cii m or abou , • , - ,„„, t . • j VJ'- .^ America before 1801 has retained Its position as one j, .. . . _.. .. ^ , , „ . .if the most important reference books for American „,,■-,, ^ ^, . This is due less to the rarity , ' ^' , V the books which it describes he method adi, ^ , . ., , ... fipted in the descriptions. Mr. /e often inexact and his notes s collations a 1 incorrect. lis work falls far short of the ideal standards of detailed accuracy which have been created by modern bibliographic science. But his method was the right one. The fact that it is an ex- pensive method, in time, money, energy and know- ledge, may explain why it has not yet been surpassed as a model of what such a catalogue should be. Belknap, Jeremy. American biography. Boston. 1794-8. 2v. Enl. ed. N. Y. : Har- per. 1851. 3v. [394 Contains thirty-one biographies of explorers and founders of colonies, as Columbus, Cartier, Bradford and Penn. A third volume would have dealt with eighteenth century characters, but was never printed. Based on the best sources attainable then ; but now useless. Tlie edition of 1851 contains notes and some additional matter by the editor, F. M. Hubbard. Like the original work, it is now obsolete. E. C. Boston, Public Library of the City of. America. (In Bulletins. 1890-91. v. 9, pp. 136, 137.) [395 A catalogue of biljliographies relating to America in the library. Griffin, Appleton Prentiss Clark. Biblio- graphy of American historical societies, the U. S. and Canada. Wash. : Govt. Prtg. Off. 1896. [396 Reprinted from the Annual report of the American Historical Association for 1895. It is a careful list of all the publications of the various historical societies, giving the contents of the various proceedings and furnished with an index of nearly 10,000 authors and subjects. It is a remarkably painstaking and indis- pensable instrument for the study of American his- tory. E. C. R. Hart, Albert Bushnell, ed. Source-book of American history ; ed. for schools and read- ers, with practical introductions. N. Y. : Mac- millan. 1899. 60c. [397 " Is a volume that we have examined with close at- tention and can commend with confidence. In about 400 pages of text, it finds room for something like 150 examples of the original material of our history, rang- ing all the way from the voyages of Columbus to the Spanish-American war. The selections are judiciously made, edited, and annotated; the introductory chap- ters for teachers are of the most helpful sort." Dial (Chicago), 27:80. Holmes, Abiel. American annals. Cam- bridge. 1805. 2v. Annals of America, 1492-1826. Cam- bridge. 1829. 2v. [398 21 399-404 AMERICA AT LARGE " It is a book still to inspire confidence, and ' the first authoritative work from an American i)en which covered the whole field of American history ' [G. W. Greene in PiUnayn's mag., 1870, p. 171]. Librai'ies in America were then scant, but the annalist traced where he could his facts to original soiu-ces." Justin "Winsor, in Narrative and critical Mst. of Am., 5: C19. " Few of the Spanish writers have been consulted, those few only in translation, and Herrera, the most important of all, in a very mutilated form. The au- thor's collection of French authorities is equally in- complete ; and of the many important works which the ex-Jesuits have bequeathed to the world, as the legacy of their illustrious order, not one appears in his catalogue." R. Southey, in Quarterly rev., 2 : 319 (1809). Larned, J. N. History for ready reference, from the best historians, biographers, and specialists : their own words in a complete system of history. Springfield, Mass. Kich- ols. 1894-5. 5v. $25. [399 An extensive encyclopiedia of history formed by selections from the better authorities in Enjilish on each of the various subjects. Texts are reproduced faithfully and aliridgments are indicated. It contains among other things many important documents, charters, edicts, constitutions, etc. It is, in brief, a thesaurus of documents and extracts from secondary sources, arranged in most convenient form (alpha- betical with chronological subdivisions). One of the most important features is an index or extensive sj-s- tem of cross references alphabetized with the regular headings, greatly simplifying the work of reference. The supplement contains a chronology of important events, a number of genealogical tables, a select bil)li- ography, and a list of works quoted from. This latter is most suggestive of tlie character of the work, and contains an impressive list of good modern historical literature. "While the authority cited is not in every instance the best, the average of the works cited is high. The proportions in the distribution of the material are on the whole surprisingly good, consid- ering the fact that they are by quotation. The work is a unique, convenient and valualjle book of refer- ence for the general reader. It is indispensable for everv- public libran,-, and even for special libraries of a more scientific kind. Its documents and its com- prehensiveness make it extremely useful to every student. For work in secondary schools, and even in colleges, it is simply invaluable. E. C. R. Same. Revised and enlarged. Spring- field, Mass. : Nichols. 1901. 6v. §30. [399a For this edition the original 5 vols, have lieen con- siderably revised, and some new topics introduced, but their record of events still closes at about 1894-5. Tlie added sixth vol. takes up the history of the world at that point, and fits the original edition, therefore, as well as the new. Its documentary history of the Spanish-American War and the sequels thereto, of the British-Hoer controversies and war, and of events of recent years in China — to say nothing of other mat- ters— is notably complete and authentic. G. I. Mackenzie, Robert. America : a history. Lond. and N. Y.: Nelson. 1882. New ed. 18S9. $1. [400 " >Ir. Mackenzie's ' America ' is well planned to meet the needs of those Englishmen who wish a com- pendious history of all the American states; and it will not be unacceptable to Americans who desire to know something of the history of the other nations of North and South America." It is " all the more valu- able as being from an English point of view. The book is to be commended in every way — in temper and spirit, in accui-acy and fulness of knowledge, in graphic and interesting narrative. The first part, on the United .States, contains 308 pages, rather more than half the work." Nation, 34 : 152. Muller, Frederik. Catalogue of books, maps, and plates on America. Amsterdam. 1872. [401 " Next in importance [to Asher's Bibliographical and historical essay] are the catalogues of Frederik JIuller, of Amsterdam, particularly the series [entitled as above] begun in 1872, and which he calls an essay towards a Dutch-American bibliography. . . . Many of the larger notes in this catalogue were not repeated in the consolidated Catalogue . . . which Mr. I\Iuller issued in 1877." J. "Winsor, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 4: 439. Payne, Edward John. History of the new •world called America. Oxford : Clar. Press. 1892-99. 2v.+. 32s. [402 The first volume of this work is divided into two nearly equal parts. In the first part the author traces the development of geographical knowledge and the rise of the spirit of discovery, and gives an account of the jirincipal voyages down to Verrazano, 1524. His I)oint of view is suggestive and stimulating. His nar- rative, however, is in many places behind the present state of knowledge, and cannot be relied upon in its statements of fact. The second jiart is an investiga- tion into the jihysical basis of primitive American culture, and accounts for its inferiority to and diver- gence from European culture by the nature of the food supply and the lack of useful domestic animals. The second volume (1899) continues this discussion, and is mainly devoted to the primitive culture and history of Mexico. E. G. B. Robertson, William. History of America. London. 1777. 2v. [403 This famous work, wiiit'ii lnti- in the 18th century, is now entirely antiuuatid i^r tin' purjiosesof the stu- dent, with the ex'j'option of Book VIII. whicli gives one of the best aicounts available in ICnglish of the Spanish colonial administration and commercial sys- tem. E. G. B. Winsor, Justin, c'ff. Narrati' ^ Nd critical history of America. Best.: P-^^Slitou. ^qq_^ 89. 8v. NetS44. L4J4' ^ J i. _i*i 1 l>v dilTerei " ■ ''•ers Composed of critical .^ssa>'S , • ., . ., .' . ... . detail to till covering American Instory ir of the Constitution and or.'ff^ ".P """.. _ ^, U :ir eth<' en': most valuable parca of the W3] z" ,„ , , on the sources anc Mr. W uif c > 22 GEOGRAPHY— EARLY SURVEYS 40.5-413 form an exhaustive and generally critical account of the i)rinteil and inanuscrii)t sources and of the sec- ondary authorities on American history. The volumes are rich in facsimiles of maps, historical illustrations, and portraits. For the student it is the most useful and valuable work on American history that he can possess. E. G. B. The rival claimants for North Amer- ica, 1497-1 7o5. See American Antiquarian Society, sect. 241. [405 GEOGRAPHY AND PHYSIO- GRAPHY [Except as otherwise signed, the notes in this divi- sion Iiave been prepared by Prof. W. M. Davis, of Harvard University, by wliom the selection of works included in it has been made.] [406 Early Governmental Explorations and Surveys The following list includes the titles of the more important reports of the governmental surveying expeditions in the western part of the United States. They contain a great amount of trustworthy information, and at the dates of their publication doubtless presented the best accounts available for their respective regions ; but the older reports have now been largely superseded as far as their geographical and geological contents are concerned. It is chiefly as historical documents that they are valu- able, recording conditions that have now en- tirely disappeared, particularly regarding the Indians. The illustrations in many of the volumes are lithographed from imperfect drawings that give incorrect and exaggerated ideas of western landscapes. [407 Emory, Maj. William Helmsley. Notes of a military reconnoissance from Fort Leaven- worth, in Missouri, to San Diego, in California, including part of the Arkansas, Del Norte, and Gila Rivers. (U. S. 30th Cong., 1st sess., House ex. doc, no. 41.) "Wash. 1848. [408 A narrative report by Emory and other officers of a journey through the Southwest, with a general ac- count of topographical features and of various Indian tribes: to-day more interesting to the historian than to the geograjdier. W. M. D. The journals of Lieut. J. W. Abert and Lieut. -Col. P. St. G. Cooke, and the uncompleted journal of Capt. A. R. Johnson form part of the same Congressional document. , F. W. H. Report on the United States and Mexi- can boundary survey, made under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior. (U. S. 34th Cong., 1st sess.. House ex. doc, no. 135.) Wash. 1857. 3v. [409 The geographical chapters in this report are less of narrative form than is usually the case with the older western surveys, and therefore serve to give more easily a general idea of the region traversed. Much attention is as usual given to descriptions of Indians. Some of the outline illustrations are more truthful than the elaborated lithographs that illustrate most of the older reports. Fremont, Maj. -Gen. John Charles. Re- port of the exploring expedition to the Rocky Mountains in 1842, and to Oregon and North California in 1843-4. (U. S. 28th Cong., 2d sess.. House ex. doc, no. 166.) Wash. 1845. (Various editions of this report were pub- lished.) [410 Narrative of an adventurous overland expedition from the Mississippi to the Pacific, less valuable for its geographical descriptions, which are now super- seded by much more accurate information, than for its account of the uncivilized condition of regions that are now traversed by railroads and well occu- pied. Hasse, Adelaide Rosalia. Reports of ex- plorations printed in the documents of the U. S. government. See in Syllabus of Mate- rials, sect. 32. [411 Ives, Lt. Joseph Christmas. Report upon the Colorado River of the west, explored in 1857-8. (U. S. 36th Cong., 1st sess., House ex. doc, no. 90.) Wash. 1861. [412 An important and interesting report on the lower course of the Colorado River and of its canyon as seen from the plateaus on the south, by a party led by a lieu- tenant of engineers, U. S. Army. The geologist of the expedition was Newberry, by whom a clear statement was made of the origin of the canyon and of the cliffs on the plateau uplands by ordinary erosion. The steep- ness of the canyon walls is much exaggerated in the illustrations of this volume. Lewis, Capt. Meriwether, and Capt. Wil- liam Clark. History of the expedition under the command of Lewis and Clark to the sources of the jMissouri River, thence across the Rocky Mountains and down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean, performed, 1804-5-6, by or- der of the government ; [ed.] by Elliott Cones. N. Y.: Harper. 1893. 4v. §12.50. [413 This edition of Lewis and Clark is in every respect commensurate with the literature of the subject and the importance of the expedition itself. It is reprinted from the authorized edition of 1814, and is accom- panied by a copious critical commentary, prepared 23 414-420 AMERICA AT LARGE after examination of unpublished official papers, and many other .Nourees of infonuation, including a dili- gent study of the original manuscript journals and lield notes of the expi(U-ers. There is also a bio- graphical and bibliographical introduction, new maps and other illustrations, and a complete index. The information brought to the illustration of the text is remarkable for its amount, variety, minuteness and accuracy. B. A. H. Long, O'l. Stephen Harriman. Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, 1819-20, under command of Maj. S. H. Long: comp. from the notes of Maj. Long and other gentlemen of the party by Edwin James. London. 1833. 3v. Pliil. : Carey. 18-23. 2 v. [414 After a detailed narrative of the expedition through " a portion of our country which is daily becoming more interesting, but which is as yet imperfectly known," there are several supplementary chapters on scientific subjects, including geology and geography : but the chief interest attaches to the descriptions of the condition of the Mississippi valley and western plains and their Indian occupants in early days. Narrative of an expedition to the source of St. Peter's River. Lake Wiunepeek, Lake of the Woods, etc., in 1823 ; comp. from the notes of ]\Iaj. Long, Messrs. Say, Keating and Colhoun, by William H. Keating. Lon- don : Whittaker. 182."5. 2v. Phil.: Carey. 1834. 2v. [415 One of the earlier reports on the region of the upper Mississippi, more valuable for its account of the In- dians than for its geographical descriptions, long ago superseded. Marcy, Cniit. Randolph B. Exploration of the Red River of Louisiana, in 18.53. (U. S. 32d Cong., 2d sess.. Sen. ex. doc. 54.) Wash. 1853. I416 A narrative report of more than iisual value for its geographical descriptions of the upper Red River and the region about the LInno estacado. The Ajjpcndix includes reports on geology by Hitchcock and Shu- mard. Pike, Brig. -Gen. Zebulon Montgomery. The expeditions of Zebulon ]\Iontgomery Pike to headwaters of the Mississippi River, through Louisiana territory and in New Spain during the years 1805-6-7 ; [ed.] by Elliott Cones. N. Y": F. p. Harper. 1895. 3v. §10 net. [417 In historical interest and importance. Pike's reports of his expeditions stand second only to the reports of Lewis and Clark. This new edition, reprinted from the original of 1810, with copious critical commentary, exhaustive memoir of Pike, new map, and other illus- trations, and comi)lete index, presents the explorer and his work in far lietter form than he presented himself in the original edition. The work is edited 24 on the same lines as Dr. Coues' Lewis and Clark, and shows an eipial wealth of illustration. B. A. H. Simi^son, Brig. -Gen. James Hervey. Jour- nal of a military reconnaissance from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to the Navajo country, in 1849. (U. S. 31st Cong., 1st sess.. Sen. ex. doc. 64, pp. 56-168.) Wash. 1850. Phil.: Lippiucott. 1853. [418 By an unusually careful explorer who, as a topo- graphical engineer of the army, passed through a region of absorbing interest scientifically and histor- ically. It contains valuable notes on the natives, in- cluding a comparative vocabulary of the tribes visited, as well as not altogether reliable reproductions of the early Spanish inscriptions on El Morro or Inscription Rock in New Mexico, recently effaced by vandals. Simjvson's journal is still a valuable work of reference among students of the far southwest. F. W. H. Report of explorations across the great basin of the territory of Utah for a direct wagon-route from Camp Floyd to Genoa in Carson valley, in 1859. (U. S. Engineer Dept.) Wash. 1876. [419 This report stands side by side in point of importance with the jiublished accounts of Sitgreaves, Fremont, Ives, Emory, Stansbury, Marcy, Whipple, and other militai^y explorers in the then almost unknown far west. As a contribution to the knowledge of the geo- graphy, ethnology, history, and natural history of the region traversed, it is important and for the greater part thorough'y reliable. Simpson's scientific col- laborators were of high rank in their respective fields of work. F. W. H. Stansbury, Caj)t. Howard. Exploration and survey of the valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah. Phil. : Lippincott. 1853. Iv. text, Iv. maps. $4. Same. (U. S. 33d Cong., special sess.. Sen. ex. doc. 3.) [420 As an account of explorations from Fort Leaven- worth to Great Salt Lake through a vast territorj- only vaguely known to the outside world, this report of a noteworthy military ex]>e(lition is of value from many points of view. .Stansbury was a careful ob- server and a thoroughly honest recorder of the physi- ographic features and the people of the country through which he passed or in which he sojourned. His liberal views of the Mormons, based on a year's intimate acquaintance and close study of them, but expressed at a time when only contrnry oi)iniiins of the .sect were elsewhere held, resulted ;n many unjust criticisms which seriously affected his sensitive na- ture, and probably hastened the termination of a use- ful life. The appendices to the report by various naturalists enhance its scientific value. A .second edi- tion appeared in 18,55. F. W. H. United States. War Department. Re- ports of expjorafions and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for GEOGRAPHY — LATER SURVEYS 421-428 a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, made under the direction of the Secretary of War, in 1^53-4. (U. S. 33d Cong., 2d sess., Sen. ex. doc. 78; and 36th Cong., 1st sess., Sen. ex. doc. 56.) Wasli. 1855-60. 12v. in 13, [421 Narrative reports of many officers on various routes, giving mucli information concerning the western country, but in large part superseded by more recent surveys. The publication of the reports being chiefly in the form of original journals, kei)t day by day, gives them a certain accuracy that might have been lost had the writers more frequently indulged in general descriptions; yet the want of summaries by the very men best qualified to make them renders it difficult for the reader to gather all the results that these nu- merous expeditious might have afforded. The illustra- tions seem to have been elaborated from imperfect drawings, and when compared with photographs, they are often found to give vei'y erroneous impressions. There are many scientific reports upon the collections brought home. Unfortunately there is no general table of contents. Warren, Maj.-Gen. Gouverneur Kemble. Explorations in the Dacota country in 1855. (U. S. 34th Cong., 1st sess., Sen. ex. doc. 76.) Wash. 1856. Preliminary report of explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the j'ears 1855, '56, '57. Wash. 1875. [422 The geographical descriptions in these reports are excellent, including accounts of bad lands and sand- hill districts. As in all reports of early explorations, much infonnation is given about Indian tribes. Later Geological and Geographical Surveys NATIONAL SURVEYS The western exploring expeditions sent out by the Government through the first half of the 19th century were succeeded by more for- mally organized geological surveys. Several organizations of this kind were formed under different departments of the government be- tween 1867 and 1876. In 1879 they were all discontinued, and a new organization, the United States Geological Survey, was estab- lished under the Interior Department ; this action having been recommended by a special committee of the National Academy. [423 The publications of these surveys contain much of geographical interest, essential to the understanding of our historical development and not accessible elsewhere, culminating in the unrivalled series of annual reports, mono- graphs, etc., now in progress, which treat of tlic east as well as of the west. Brief indica- tion of the results of the several surveys follows. [424 Geological and geographical survey of the territories, F. V. Ilaydeu in charge. Annual reports, 1-12, 1867-78. Wash. 1873- 83. 12v. [425 This survey, organized under the Department of the Interior, was directed by F. V. Ilayden (hence com- monly known as Hayden's survey) from ISliT to 1878. Twelve Annual reports and a number of Bulklins were issued, chiefly concerning Colorado, Wyoming and Montana. The first careful descriptions of many re- markable features in the Rocky Mountain region were published in these volumes. A detailed account of the Yellowstone Park is included in the llth report. Many of the outline illustrations, from drawings by W. H. Holmes, are unexcelled. A geological atlas of Colorado accompanied these reports. Geologicalexploration of the fortieth par- allel, Clarence King in charge. [Report.] Wash. 1870-80. 7v. and atlasr [426 This sui-vey (commonly called the Fortieth Parallel survey) was under the direction of Clarence King, and rejjorted to the Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army. Its field of exploration was a belt of country contiguous to the Union and Central Pacific railroads. The sur- vey was begun in 1867, and about eleven years later seven volumes and a large topographical and geologi- cal atlas were published. The first and second vohimes contain much original geographical infonnation. Geographical and geological explorations and surveys west of the looth meridian, George M. AVheeler in charge. Reports. Wash. 1877-9. 7v. and 2 atlases. [427 The United States geographical surveys west of the 100th meridian were in charge of Capt. G. M. "Wheeler (hence known as Wheeler's survey), under the Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army. Seven volumes, one tojjo- graphic atlas and one geologic atlas were published, embodying the results of expeditions chiefly in the southwestern territories from 1869 to 1879. The first volume of the series is devoted to geography, and con- tains much material of high value. App. F., vol. 1. is an account of the discoverj- and exjiloration of the western United States from 1.500 to 1880, including an epitome of a memoir by G. K. Warren on explorations lietween 1800 and 18.")7. It is an invaluable aid to care- ful study of the western country. A brief abstract is given of various expeditions, with names of leaders, dates, routes, manner of publication, etc. Geographical and geological survey of the Rocky Mountain region, J. W. Powell in charge. [Reports.] [428 This survey was in charge of J. W. Powell, under the Department of the Interior. Its reports inchide among others the following volumes: — Powell, Gj of the Uinta Mormtains. 187C: — Gilbert, Geology of the Hmrii Mountains, 1877: — Dutton, Geology of the high plateaus of 429^65 AMERICA AT LARGE Utah, 1880. All of these reports contain abundant geographical material, much of which is of the very highest interest. Dutton's rei)ort in particular should be studied. Here may be mentioned Powell's Report on the exploration of the Colorado River of the west and its tribu- taries (M'ash. 1875), which presents the results of four expeditions between 18G9 and 1872, under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution. This report renewed the interest, first awakened by Newberry's account (see Ives, sect. 412), in the marvels of the Colorado can- yon and the lofty plateaus through which it is eroded. The record of adventure during Powell's passage through the canyon in small boats is most thrilling. A more popular account of the exi)editions is given by the same author in the Canyons of the Colorado (Meadville, Pa. 1895). Geological survey. Annual reports, 1880-, Wash. lyso. Monographs, v. 1+. Wash. 1882-. Bulletins, no. 1+. Wash. 1883-. Mineral resources of the U. S., 1882-. Wash. 1883-. Water-supply and irrigation papers, no. 1+. Wash. 1896-. Topographic atlas of the U. S. Sheets. Wash. 1882-. Same. Physiographic types by H. Gan- nett, folio 1+. Wash. 1898-. [Miscellaneous maps.] Geologic atlas of the U. S., folio 1+. Wash. 18!)4-. [429 The United States Geological Survey, under the suc- cessive directorships of King, Powell, and Walcott, issues a great variety of most valuable publications, a catalogue of which can be had, free, on application to the Director. The following deserve especial men- tion as affording the greatest proportion of geo- graphical matter, presented by the most competent writers and well illustrated: — ANNUAL REPORTS 2d: Button, Colorado Canyon: — Gilbert, Lake Bonneville (Utah). [430 3d: Russell, Lake Lahontan (Nevada) : — Chamber- lin, Terminal moraines. [43 1 4th: Riissell, Southern Oregon. [432 5tli: (Jillx'rt, Topographic features of lake shores: — Cliamberlin, Artesian wells: — Russell, Glaciers of the U. S. [433 6th: Chamberlin and Salisbury, Driftless area of upper Mississii)i)i valley : — Shaler, Sea-coast swamps of eastern U. S. [434 7th: MciGee, Head of Chesapeake Bay. [435 8th: Russell, Mono Lake, Cal. [436 9th: Dutton, Charleston earthquake of 188G: — White, Northwestern Colorado. [437 inth: Shaler, Dismal Swamp, Va. : — Irrigation re- port. [438 lltli: McGec, Northeastern Iowa: — Pliinney, Nat- ural gas of Indiana : — Hydrography and irrigation. [439 12th: Shaler, Nature and origin of soils: — McGee, Lafayette formation (southern states): — Newell, Hy- drography of the arid regions. [44O 13th: Russell, Expedition to Mt. St. Elias: — Shaler, Harbors. I a* j 14th: Keith, Catoctin Belt (Va.): — Diller, Pacific coast. [442 1.5th: Shaler, Common roads. I 443 IGth: Reid, Glacier Bay (Alaska) : — Cross and Pen- rose, Cripi)le Creek, Colo.: — Newell, Public lands and their wMter supply : — Haj', Water resources of portion of great plains. [444 17th: Diller, Northwestern Oregon: — Dall, Coal and lignite of Alaska: — Campbell and Mendenhall, New and Kanawha Rivers, W. Va.: — Gilbert, Arkansas Valley, E. Colo.: — Leverett, Water resources of llli- nois. [445 18th: Hill and Vaughan, Edwards Plateau, Texas: — Russell, Glaciers of Mt. Rainier: — Gilbert, Earth movement in the Great Lakes region: — Becker, Gold fields of southern Alaska: — Spurr and Goodrich, Yu- kon district: — Weed and Pierson, Judith IMountains, Montana: — Leverett, Water resources of Indiana and Ohio : — Darton, Well boring and irrigation in South Dakota. [446 19th: Hayes, Chattanooga district: — Darton, West- ern Nebraska. [447 MONOGRAPHS 1. Gilbert, Lake Bonneville (Utah). [448 2. Dutton, Colorado Canon district. [449 11. Russell, Lake Lahontan (Nev.). '[450 25. Upham, Glacial Lake Agassiz (Minn, and N. D.). [451 29. Emerson, Old Hampshire Co., Mass. [452 BULLETINS 5, 76, 160. Successive editions of Gannett's Diction- ary of altitudes of the United States. 1 453 13. Gannett, Boundaries of United States, and of States and Territories : an authoritative historical account. [454 39. Upham, Beaches and deltas of Glacial Lake Agassiz. VASS 40. Willis, Changes in river courses in Wash. TeiT'y due to glaciation. [45^ 44, 76, 91, 99, 135, 146, 140, 156. Successive biblio- graphies of N. A. geology, 1886 to 1897, by Darton and AVeeks. [457 53. Shaler, Geology of Nantucket. [458 58. Wright, Glacial boundary in Ohio, etc. [459 95. Holden, Earthquakes in Cal., 1890, '91. See also nos. 112, 114, 129, 147, 155. [460 100. Warman, Bibliography and index to publica- tions of U. S. Geol. Survey, 1879-1892. [461 108. Russell, Reconnoissance in central Washing- ton. [462 115-118. Gannett, Geographic dictionaries of R. I., Mass., Conn., N. J. [463 119. Eldridge, Northwest Wyoming. [464 127. Darton, Catalogue of N. A. geology, 1782-1891. This bulletin is indispensable to every .student. Its contents are arranged by authors, by states, and by geological formations. [465 26 GEOGRAPHY — STATE SURVEYS 4C6-483 128. Darton, Artesian wells, Atlantic coastal plain. [466 144. Todd, Moraines of the Missouri cotcau. [467 MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE U. S. A scries of annual statistical reports, from 1882 to 1893; after the latter date, these reports make a part of the Annual reports of the Survey. They contain the fullest and best summary of the product of our mineral resources. [468 WATER-SUPPLY AND IRRIGATION PAPERS Similar to the Bulletins of the Survey ; the most gen- erally interesting is no. 4, Russell, Southeastern Wash- ington. [469 TOPOGRAPHIC ATLAS SHEETS The preparation of a geological map of the United States, one of the chief duties of the U. S. Geological Survey, has reipiired the preparation of a topograph- ical base map. Several of the states have cooperated with the national Survey in the necessary field work. The map is jtublished in separate sheets, of which nearly 1000 have been issued for different parts of the country. The scale varies witli the density of popular tion : 1 : G2,.500, 1 : 125,000, and 1 : 250,000 are mostly em- ployed. The form of the surface is indicated by brown contour lines. Water is printed in bhie. Many of the earlier sheets were of insufficient accuracy, and have been or are to be revised. Taken all together, these map sheets are indispensable in giving the best ob- tainable information concerning facts of position and relief. Their nominal cost (single copies, 5 cts.; 2 cts. each, if ordered by the hundred, payment in advance) places them within the reach of every library. [ 470 TOPOGRAPHIC ATLAS FOLIO Two folios of a proposed TopograjMe atlas have been issued, in which a series of majis of typical land forms is accompanied by an explanatory text by Gan- nett. [471 MISCELLANEOUS MAPS Besides the ordinary map sheets, there are several maps of states or of the Ignited States as a whole, which deserve to be widely knowTi. The 3-sheet map of the United States, 1 : 2,500,000, 1898, is to be especially re- commended. r472 GEOLOGIC ATLAS Each folio of the Atlas contains a topographic map, the same with geological coloring, the same with strongest colors and areas of economic importance, and generally a sheet showing structiiral sections. An explanatory text accompanies the maps from which much geographical information may be obtained. Over sixty folios have now been issued. [473 Coast and geodetic survey. The publica- tions of this survey are of standard value, but for the most part technical. They are chiefly as follows : — [474 a. Annual reports of the Superintendent, separately published since 1844. These contain reports on pro- gress of geodetic, topographic and hydrographic work, appendices treating various technical matters, and maps of the coast. 1 475 b. Coast pilots, containing descriptions of the coast and sailing directions for various sections of our sea- board. [476 c. Tide tables, giving data for the time of occurrence and range of tides at many points, calculated and published in advance. 1477 d. Charts of the coast. These include Sailing charts, scale 1 : 1,200,000, showing a large extent of coast with off-shore soundings; — General charts, scale 1: 400,000 and 1 : 200,000, to show general configuration of the coast;— Coast charts, scale 1: 80,000, for recognition of channels and other local features; — Harbor charts, on still larger scales, for details of local navigation. The coast charts are most generally serviceable. 1 478 e. Catalogue of charts and other publications (fre- quently revised ; to be had, free, on application to Superintendent). The location of all charts is here shown by rectangles on outline mai)S. f470 Mississippi River commission. Annual reports. [480 Missouri River commission. Annual re- ports. [481 These reports are included in the report of the Chief of Engineers, but are also i>ublished separately. They are chiefly occupied with technical details of engineer- ing operations, but they also include occasional de- scriptions and illustrations of the great rivers not to be found elsewhere. The maps published by these commissions — especially by the first named — are of great value. One map of the alluvial valley of the Mississippi River in eight sheets should be more gen- erally known. STATE SURVEYS Most of the states of the Union have, earliel or later, established local geological surveys for the purpose of developing their natural re- sources. Many of the reports contain, in one form or another, more or less geographical in- formation. The reports of recent dates are in most cases to be preferred to those of 40 or 50 years ago. The list here given is by no means a complete index to state geological reports. Alabama. The report for 1881-82 gives a good general account of the agricultural and topographical features of the state. There are several special reports of later date on the coal fields and coastal plain. [482 Arkansas. Annual reports, 1888-^892 ; the volume on marbles describes the northern ]>la- teau ; that on novaculites (whetstones), the cen- tral mountain belt ; that on Crowley's ridge, the Mississippi lowknd. [483 California. A partial report was issued in 1865 ; the " Yosemite book " gives an elaborate 27 484-509 AMERICA AT LARGE account of the remarkable valley in the Sierra Nevada. [484 Georgia. The handbook of the state of Georgia, 1876, contains a brief general account of its physical features. [485 Illinois. A brief account of physical geo- graphy in vol. I, 1866. [486 Indiana. Little geographic information. [487 Iowa. Recent annual reports supersede the earlier volumes and contain many excellent descriptions of different counties. [488 Kansas. The reports of the University Geo logical Survey of this state include excellent accounts of its geographical features. [489 Kentucky. Many geological reports witli little geographical information. [490 Maine. See W. Wells, sect. 54.5. [491 Maryland. Recent annual volumes contain much excellent geographical material, includ- ing an elaborate report on local cartography. The beautiful reports of the State Weather Service are the finest of their kind : vol. I con- tains an excellent essay on the physiography of the state. [492 Massachusetts. No official account of geo- graphical features since the report on sceno- graphical geology in vol. I, 1841. The Topo- graphical Survey Commission, in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey, has issued an excellent atlas of Massachusetts in fifty- four sheets (Boston. 1890). The State Com- mission has in process of publication town boundary survey atlases. It is the intention to issue for each town and city in the Com- monwealth an atlas, containing historical and descriptive accounts of the boundaries, with photographs of the boundary marks, also topo- graphical, triangulation and position sheets giving all the details necessary for thorougli general and geodetic information. In Dec. 1899 ten atlases had been issued, and it is planned to issue thirty-five or fifty each year. [493 Michigan. Little geographical material in various geological reports. [494 Minnesota. A long series of annual reports, and several volumes of final reports ; much geographical material in special descriptions of counties. [495 Mississippi. Agriculture and geology are treated in the reports of 1854 and 1860. [496 Missouri. The tenth volume of the recent series is devoted to a well-prepared description of surface features. [497 28 Ohio. Reports of 1870-1880 contain some- thing of physical geography, but more modern treatment is much needed. [498 New Hampshire. General description; the geographical treatment of features of glacial origin is better than the rest. [499 New Jersey. The general report of 1868, the later annual reports, and vols. I and V of the "final report" contain much geographical matter ; the last-named volume includes a thor- ough discussion of local physical geography. Excellent relief maps of this state are pub- lished by the local Geological Survey. [SOO New York. The early reports on the four districts of the state (184-) are not yet super- seded by any modern official description. [501 North Carolina. The report of 1875 gives brief but effective geographical descriptions. The State Board of Agriculture has issued an attractive volume on the state and its resources (1896), the best source of geographical infor- mation. [502 Pennsylvania. The two large volumes of the "first survey" (1858) give much geo- graphical information, not altogether super- seded by the numerous county volumes of the "second survey" (1875-189.5). Among the latter, a history of early geological surveys in the United States is given in vol. A ; an ac- count of terminal moraines in vol. Z ; and a set of county geological maps with brief text in vol. X. A geological atlas of the state is also published. [503 South Carolina. The State Board of Agri- culture has issued a useful volume on resources and popidation, institutions and industries (1888), the best source of geographical informa- tion. [504 Tennessee. The report of 1869 contains a general geographical description, not yet super- seded. See also 10th U. S. Census, vol. I, pt. 1, pp. 381-464. [505 Texas. Occasional geographical pages in various reports. [So6 Vermont. A chapter on physical geography in vol. II, 1861. [507 Wisconsin. A sketch of physical geography in vol. I, 1862 ; geographical descriptions as- sociated with geological matter in the later reports, vols. I-IV, 1873-79, and in the several bulletins of the present survey. [508 Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota are treated logetiicr in a report by Owen in 1852, giving an early view of the Northwest. [509 GEOGRAPHY — MISCELLANEOUS 510-522 Miscellaneous Geographical Literature American Geographical Society. Bul- letin. N. Y. 1852-6. V. 1, 2. Journal [each vol. comprising 5 nos. of Bulletin]. N. Y. 1859-. v. 1-f . Proceedings. N. Y. 1862-4. 2v. [510 The geofiraphical publications of this society are the oldest of their kind in the United States, having been begun in 1H52. The Bulletin contains for the most part records of foreign exploration and travel. Appalachia. Boston. 1876-. v. 1+. [511 The journal of the Appalachian Mountain Club of Boston, first issued in 187G, and chiefly occupied with narratives of mountain ascents, in the United States and abroad. Chittenden, Hiram Martin. The Yellow- stone National Park : historical and descrip- tive. Cin.: Clarke. 1895. §1.50 net. [512 A useful account of a remarkable region, by a Cap- tain of Engineers, U. S. Army, well illustrated, and preceded by a history of its discovery. Davis, William Morris, C. F. King, and G. L. Collie. Report on governmental maps for use in schools ; prepared by a committee of the conference on geography, Chicago, Dec, 1892. N. Y. : Holt. 1894. 30c. [513 This report was prepared in pursuance of a recom- mendation by the Sul)-committee on Geography of the Committee of Ten of the National Educational Associ- ation, in order to facilitate the selection of maps for practical use in schools. It contains specific direc- tions about ordering maps, and descriptions of a large number of selected map sheets. Dryer, C. R., ed. Studies in Indiana geo- graphy. Terre Haute, Ind. 1897. [514 Ten essays by six authors on the physical features of Indiana, of much service in giving a good picture of the state. One essay, "A century of changes in the aspects of nature," may be especially commended to the historian. Foster, John Wells. The Mississippi val- ley ; its physical geography. Chicago: Griggs. 1869. . [515 This is the first general account of the great river and its drainage basin that has any claim to scientific character. It is somewhat diffuse, including accounts of anc: 2nt fossils and of the atmospheric circulation ; certain theories here espoused are now antiquated : yet the work gives a good measure of " popular sci- ence " thirty years ago. Glazier, Willard. Headwaters of the Mis- sissippi. Chicago: Rand, McNally. 1893. [516 An account of a visit to a small lake, south of Lake Itasca, and previously recorded on the maps of the U. S. Land Office, which the author claims to have discovered and to which his name has been given, with many polemical pages regarding the rights of the suliject. A large number of pages, with much trivial narrative, are given to a small matter. Hall, James. The West ; its commerce and navigation. Cin.: Derby. 1848. [517 An interesting account of the Mississippi and its larger branches before the day of railroads, when rivers were the chief highways of travel and trans- portation. Humphreys, Andrew^ Atkinson, and H. L. Abbot. Report upon the physics and hy- draulics of the Mississippi River. (U. S. Eng. Corps.) Phil. 1861. Reprinted, Wash. 1867, and 1876 [witli additions]. [518 A comprehensive and thorough report, universally regarded as one of the best pieces of scientific work produced by our government. The authors were offi- cers in the Engineer Corps, IT. S. Army. The report contains a general account of the Mississippi system, and elaborate measurements of the volume and sedi- ments of the trunk river. Jones, Capt. William A. Report upon the reconnoissance of northwestern Wyoming, in- cluding Yellowstone National Park, made in the summer of 1873. Wash. 1875. [519 Narrative and record of observations by a Captain of Engineers, U. S. Army, in a territory then little known, but much more fully described in the reports of later surveys. The numerous maps, like the text, are now superseded. Journal of school geography. Boston : Hammett. -1897-. v. 1-f. Ten numbers a year. §1. [520 This journal, founded in 1897, the only one of the kind in the United States, is edited by Prof. R. E. Dodge, Teachers' College, Columbia University, vrith the assistance of several associates. Its success may be judged from the fact that an English association of teachers of geography has made special arrange- ments to secure the Journal for its members. Among many articles of special use in teaching, mention may be made of descriptions of various states by local experts. King, Clarence. Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada. Boston : Osgood. 1872. [521 As member of the Geological Survey of California, King had frequent occasion to explore the mountains, which he here describes in mo.st entertaining fashion. The book is decidedly among the best accounts of the Sierra Nevada. Lesley, John Peter. Manual of coal and its topography. Phil. 1856. [522 Although treated from the standpoint of early geological theories, the descrii>tions of the Alleghanies here found are highly prized by geographers on ac- count of their keen appreciation of mountain form and of the glowing style of their presentation. 29 523-532 AMERICA AT LARGE Lyell, Sir Charles. Travels in North America, 1841-2 ; with geological observations on the United States, Canada and Nova Scotia. Lond. : Murray. 1845. 2v. N. Y. : Wiley. 1845. 2v. Second visit to the United States. Lond. : Murray. 1849. 2v. N. Y. 1849. 2v. [523 Pleasing narratives, descriptions and discussions by the eminent English geologist. The accounts of ^Niagara Fall.s and of the Mississippi ai'C of especial interest. Few books of travel are better tempered than these. MacCoun, Townsend. Historical geo- graphy of the United States. N. Y. : Mac- Coun.' 1889. N. Y. : Silver. 1892. 90c. [524 " A most valualile aid to the study of American ter- ritorial histon,-. The volume, a small quarto, contains forty-three map.s, grouped in four divisions. The first, ' Discovery,' consists of six maps. . . . The second division is ' Colonial Period,' the third ' National Growch,' giving the successive changes in territorial possessions from the time of the French and Indian war to the purchase of Alaska. The fourth division, ' Development of the Commonwealth,' gives the divi- sions of territory — colonies, cessions, states, and terri- tories — at successive epochs from the Revolution to the present day. The maps are followed by forty-four pages of ' Explanatorj- Text,' very compendious — per- haps too much so — but perspicuous and well arranged. The work is done with extreme care and accuracy. It is hardly possible that, in so varied and complicated a subject, and so comparatively new a field, there should not be errors ; but we have not been able to detect any. ... A copy of this work we must consider almost in- dispensable for any thorough study of the subject." Nation, 49: 72. Macfarlane, James. The coal regions of America : their tfjpography, geology and de- velopment. N. Y. : Appleton. 1873. [525 A valuable and tnxstworthy account of our coal regions as developed 30 years ago, and still serving well as a general description of the chief coal fields east of the Mississip])i. Morse, Jedi^iah. The American geography. Elizabethtown, N. J. 1789. New ed., rev., corrected and enl. Lond. 1794. [526 The forerunner of American geographies, but imited with American history. Many revised editions. Com- piled from the author's observation as a clergyman in different states of the Union and from journeys ex- pressly undertaken. Minute descriptions of the indi- vidual states, their topography, history, resources, inhabitants, etc. Numerous extracts from other writ- ers unobtainable elsewhere. A storehouse of informa- tion, although not always exact. Two maps showing the I'nited States in 1702. E. E. S. Muir, John, The mountains of California. N. Y. : Century Co. 1894. $1.50. [527 A most enjoyable book by an enthusiastic lover of nature who has a close personal acquaintance with the region he describes. The accounts of mountains and forest are admirable ; the geological portions of the book are less satisfactoiy. National geographic magazine. Wash. 1889-. V. 1+. [528 The organ of the National Geographic Society of Washington, founded in 1889, and since 1896 issued in monthly numbers. :More than usual attention is given to the physical geography of the United States. Many articles are the best of their kind; for example, Hayes and Campbell, Geomorphology of the southern Ap- palachians:— McGee, Serilaud: —Gilbert, Modifica- tion of the (ireat Lakes by earth movement : — Hayes, Physiography of Nicaragua Canal route : — Gannett, Lake Chelan. Maps and numerous illustra- tions accompany certain articles. National geographic monographs. N. Y. : Am. Book Co. 1896. Single monographs, 20c. ea. ; 10 nos. pap. §1.88, in bound v. $2.50. [529 A series of ten monographs prepared under the au- spices of the National Geographic Society, giving ser- viceable descriptions of certain physical features of the United States by eight specialists. Physiograiihic regions of the United States, the northern Apjyala- chians, the southern Appalachians, and Niagara Falls may be especially commended. Philadelphia, Geographical Society of. Bulletin. Phil. 1893-. v. 1-f . [530 Articles on various geographical subjects, mostly beyond the limits of the United States. Powell, Maj. John Wesley. Canyons of the Colorado. Meadville, Pa.: Flood. 1895. [531 A more popular and extended account of the voyage down the Colorado canyon than was published in the official rei)ort (see U. S. Geol. Surveys, sect. 428). It is of much interest and value. Numerous and excel- lent illustrations are gathered from various sources, chiefly official reports. Ratzel, Friedrich. Die Vereinigten Staat- en von Nord-Amerika. Munich : Oldenbourg. 1878-80. 2 v. [532 The first volume of this valuable work is devoted to physical gcograi)hy, treating in a comi)rehensive and studious manner the surface, drainage, climate, plants and animals. The second volume is devoted to popu- lation, aboriginal and immigrant, considered in its geograi)hical rather than its historical relation. The author spent two years (187.'?-7r)) travelling in the United States, being at th:it time professor of geogra- phy in Munich (now in Lfii>zig), and one of the most serious and competent students of the subject in Germany. A second edition, entirely revised and rewritten, appeared in 189.3. Reclus, Jean Jacques Elisee. Nouvelle ge- ographie universelle. Paris : Hachette. 1876- 94. 19v. The earth and its inhabitants : North 30 GEOGRAPHY — MISCELLANEOUS 53a-540 America. N. Y. : Appleton. 1890-3. 3v. 35 ea. [533 The sixteenth volume (published in 1893) of the ori- ginal edition of this great work is devoted to the United States. It contains a great amount of infor- mation compiled from various sources, well illustrated with views and maps. More than usual attention is given to physical features. An English translation by A. II. Keane devotes three volumes to North Amer- ica, of which the third covers the United States. Russell, Israel Cook. Glaciers of North America. Boston: Giun. 1897. $1.75. Lakes of North America. Boston : Ginn. 1895. §1.50. Rivers of North America. (Science se- ries.) N. Y.: Putnam. 1898. $2. Volcanoes of North America. N. Y. : Macmillan. 1897. $4. [534 Each of these four books carries the sub-title of " a reading lesson for students of geography and geo- logy." They are the product of an experienced ob- Berver who as a member of the U. S. Geological Survey has travelled extensively, and who as profes- sor of geology in the University of Michigan is an expert in presentation as well as in investigation. Each of the volumes contains a general discussion of its subject, followed by a special consideration of North American examples. The volume on rivers contains a larger proportion of general matters than the others. All are well illustrated and deserve wide reading. Scaife, Walter Bell. America, its geo- graphical history, 1492-1892. (Johns Hopkins Univ. studies, extra v. 13.) Bait. 1892. $1.50. [535 Six good lectures on the growth of information concerning America as illustrated by contempora- neous maps; on the location of national and state boundaries; and on the geographical work of the national government of the United States. Accom- panied by photographic reproductions of ten ancient maps. E. E. S. Shaler, Nathaniel Southgate. Nature and man in America. N. Y. : Scribner. 1891. $1.50. [536 "Particularly designed for beginners in the study of geology " (Preface). This is one of the best mod- ern popular expositions of the relations of organic life to environment, full of suggestions for the ma- turest minds. The first four chapters are general ; the last four take up the theme of the title. The racial, commercial and jiolitical bearing of these chapters is of the first importance. The style is simple, clear, winning. See The Nation, Jan. 14, 1892, p. 37. H. W. H. Story of our continent. Boston: Ginn. 1892. 75c. [537 The sub-title of this book, " a reader in the geogra- phy and geology of North America for the use of schools," sufficiently indicates its object. The sub- jects treated include, among others, the geological development or growth of the continent, its present condition, and the effects of its form on its history. The style is pleasing and may well attract mature as well as young readers, and liring to their attention the correlation of many topics that are too generally considered apart. Sierra Club. Bulletin. San Francisco. 1893-. v. 1+. [538 Narratives of excursions and ascents chiefly in the Sierra Nevada of California. Stanford's compendium of geography and travel : North America ; ed. and enl. by F. V. Hayden and A. R. C. Selwyu. Lond. : Stan- ford. 1883. 21s. Same, new issue [rev. and in great part rewritten]. Lond.: Stanford. 1897-8. 2v. 15s. ea. V. 1. Canada and Newfoundland ; by Samuel E. Dawson. V. 2. The United States ; by Henry Gannett. [539 " No more competent editors could have been found than the Directors of the United States Geological Surveys. Dr. Hayden is at home in nearly every por- tion of the great Rejiublic. . . . The same may be said of Dr. Selwyn so far as the Dominion is concerned. ... In G3G pages a capital outline is given of the geo- graphy, natural history, government, and social pol- ity of the New World, and what information the text fails to supply, the 48 wood-cuts and 10 admirable maps go far to furnish. In brief, though there are numerous works on America, some more pretentious and many more elaborate, there is none which afl'ords a fairer idea of the continent than the present com- pact manual. It is, perhaps, not a popular work, and much of it is far from easy reading. . . . The title is a misnomer, for it is not a ' compendium ' of ' travel ' at all ; and ... it is not on ' North America,' but solely on Canada and the United States. ... It is to be regretted that Hellwald's book was taken as the basis. In the original German it was of no authority whatever. ... It would . . . have been better had an entirely new book been prepared by fresh authors, who would have gained full credit for their own work, without being hampered by the plan of the erudite Teuton. It is, however, all the more to the editors' credit that they have completed their task so well. . . . The maps are faultless [1883], and the cuts, . . . as a rule, good." Robert Brown in Academy, 23: 447. Symons, Lt. Thomas W. Report of an examination of the upper Columbia River. (U. S. 47th Cong., 1st sess., Sen. ex. doc. 186.) Wash. 1882. [540 An exploration of the Columbia River east of the Cascade Mountains, with accounts of its rapids, branches, etc., and of the great lava plains of Wash- ington, with some account of the Grand Coul6e, Lake Chelan, and the neighboring mountain ranges. The descriptions of natural features are accurate, but the geological theories are sometimes superseded by those of later observers. United States. Mexican Boundary Com. 31 641-550 AMERICA AT LARGE mission. Report of the Boundary Commission upon the survey and remarking of the bound- ary between the United States and Mexico west of the Rio Grande, 1891-6. Wash. 1898. With atlas and album. [541 The brief descriptive text of this report gives an effective picture of the refrion traversed. Tlie album containing a large number of plates illustrating bound- arj' monuments, incidentally includes an unequalled series of landscape views of the arid country. United States. Noi'tliern Boundary Com- mission. Reports upon the survey of the boundary between the territory of the United States and the possessions of Great Britain, from the Lake of the Woods to the summit of the Rocky Mountains. Archibald Campbell, Commissioner. Wash. 1878. [542 This report includes, among much astronomical matter, a narrative of the expedition across the northern plains and into the Rocky Mountains of Montana, with maps and illustrations. Volney, Constantin Francois Chasse- boeuf, comte de. View of the soil and cli- mate of the United States of America ; tr. by C. B. Brown. Phil. 1804. Lond. 1804. [543 This is a translation from the French original, the account of an observant Frenchman, who travelled extensively in our country at the close of the 18th century; of value as giving an early picture of the physical geography of the eastern United States. Warren, Maj.-Gen. Gouverneur Kemble. See division of National Surveys, above, sect. 427. [544 Wells, Walter. The water-power of Maine. Augusta. 1869. [545 An official report on rivers and falls, with special relation to the use of water jiower in mills. Whitney, Josiah Dwight. The United States : facts and figures illustrating the phy- sical geography of the country and its natural resources. Bost.: Little. 1889. Supplement 1 : Population, immigra- tion, irrigation. 1894. Net §2. [546 " In selecting Prof. J. D. AVhitney to write the article ujwn the physical geography and statistics of the United States, for their new edition of the ' Ency- clopredia Britannica,' the editors made a wise choice. Among the older geologists of the country he stands in tlie foremost rank, both in point of learning and of wide practical experience. Prof. Wliltney's article was greatly cut down, whole topics being omitted in some cases, in others his matter so abridged that his meaning was, lie claims, sometimes rendered unin- telligible. He has published the whole article as a book. Prof. Whitney's work in general bears the im- press of great erudition, both in a literary and a sci- 32 entiflc sense, and of a mind capable of broad and impartial generalization. Hence the occasional in- stances of a want of charity towai-ds fellow-workers who may differ with him scientifically or personally are the more striking by contrast with the general tone of his writing." jS'ation,-i^: 412. Wright, George Frederick. The ice age in North America and its bearings upon the antiquity of man. N. Y. : Appleton. 1889. 3d ed. enl., Avith notes. 1891. s."). Supplementar}' notes to 8d ed. 1891. [547 A general accoimt of glacial action and its effects, especially in the northeastern I'nited States. The chief criticism to be passed on this book is that it does not recognize the comjilexity of the glacial period, but represents it as consisting of a single in- vasion of an ice sheet from the Laurentian highlands across the Great Lakes, whereas at least tliree such invasions, separated by intcrglacial ejiochs of con- siderable duration, should be recognized. ARCHAEOLOGY — ANTHRO- POLOGY Archaeological Studies Abbott, Charles Conrad. Primitive indus- try : or illustrations of the handiwork in stone, bone and clay, of the native races of the north- ern Atlantic seaboard of America. Salem : G. A. Bates. 1881. [548 This is a detailed description of axes, celts, knives, mortars, vessels and pipes made by the Indians, espe- cially those of the eastern states. It gives a good idea of their work in the more durable materials. The view advanced in the cliai)ter on pala'ulitliic imple- ments, that a people of ruder culture iirecedcd the Indians in eastern America, has been discredited by more recent studies. Illustrations are numerous. 31. L. M. Recent archfcological explorations in the valley of the Delaware. (Univ. of Penn- sylvania. Series in philology, etc., v. 2, no. 1.) Boston: Ginn. 1893. 75c. [549 A brief paper giving an account of a summer's field work. The author attempts to sliow from the evidence gathered that the Delaware valley was occupied as long ago as glacial times. lie believes a paleolithic tyi)c of implement is as certainly found in this coun- try as in Europe. His evidence lias been strongly dis- puted, and at the present time the trend of opinion is against his theory. 31. L. 31. American antiquarian and oriental jour- nal. Chicago. 1878-. v. l-j-. [550 This periodical contains many impf)rtant articles, many of ordinary merit, and some of little value. It ARCHEOLOGY 551-562 is devoted mainly to American subjects — the ruins, relics, myths, religions and people ot North America, with a little attention to South America. What the specialist in anthropology has written is for the most part excellent, but some writers, either un- used to the task or too nuicli inclined to speculate, oiler theories which have little to sustain them, espe- cially in matters connected witli myths and religions. Unfortunately it rests with the readers to determine what they may accept with contidence. Many editorial notes and a few articles are devoted to European archaeology. M. L. M. American journal of archaeology. Bait. 1885-7. V. 1-3. Bost. : Giun. 1888-96. v. 4- 11. Ser. 2. N. Y.: Macmillau. 1897-. v. 1+ [o. s., V. 12-f ]. [551 A periodical devoted almost entirely to oriental and classical arclL-voIogy. There are some original articles on North American archaeology and a few reviews and notes pertaining to American subjects. M. L. M. Archaeological Institute of America. Neve York City. Organized in 1879, has published the American journal of arehceoloruf (see above), and a classical and an American series of Papers. [552 The contents of the latter are as follows: — v. 1. Historical introduction to studies among the sedentary Indians of New Mexico. The ruins of the Pueblos of Pecos, by A. F. Baudelier. f5S3 V. 2. Archaeological tour in Mexico in 1881, by A. F. Bandelier. [554 v. 3, 4, 5. Investigations among the Indians of the S. W. United States, by A. F. Bandelier. VSSS Eminently fitted by reason of his scholarly attain- ments, thoroughly equipped for the work through years of arduous study among the Indians, as well as in the archives of Mexico and New Mexico, and with an unexcelled familiarity with all the early published sources, the author of these and other works on South- western history and historico-ethnology and archaeo- logy is the master of the field. Bandelier has probably done more toward solving the problems surrounding the Spanish discovery and colonization of New Mexico and Arizona, and the part the aborigines played therein, than all other investigators combined. His writings may be regarded as invaluable contributions to our knowledge of the region along these lines. F. W. H. [556 Atwater, Caleb. Description of the an- tiquities discovered in Ohio and other western states. (In Am. Antiquarian Soc. Archaeolo- gia Americana, v. 1. Worcester. 1820.) [557 The value of this early account of the ancient earth- works of the Mississippi valley lies mainly in the fact that it was written when they were undisturbed by cidtivation. The plans of the earthworks are among the earliest known. The descriptive part of the text is accurate, but the theories advanced to explain the purpose of the monuments and to establish the iden- tity of the people who built them have for the niost part been abandoned. M. L. M. Baldwin, John Denison. Ancient Amer- ica, in notes on American archa;ology. N. Y. : Harper. 1872. $2. [558 In its day this volume, prepared by a journalist with an arm-chair interest in the subject, was practically the only treatise on American archaeology that ven- tured to cover the entire field. 7n the light of modern scientific research, there is almost nothing in the work to commend it to students. The general reader should leave it severely alone. Some of the illustrations are from authoritative sources. F. W. H. Bandelier, Adolph Francis Alphonse. The gilded man (El Dorado), and other pictures of the Spanish occupancy of America. N. Y. : Appleton. 1893. $1.50. [559 In this succinct work Bandelier covers much ground. He clears away the mystery for centuries enveloping El Dorado, the land of the Amazons, the Seven Cities of Cibola, and the province of Quivira — all the result of personal familiarity with a vast body of documen- tary evidence, extensive travel, and careful ethnologic and historical study. From kindred sources he sheds much light on the massacre of Cholulu in 1519, settles the question of the aiiproximate date of the founding of Santa F«5, New Mexico, and renders important in- formation regarding the expedition and betrayal of La Salle, thus supplementing Parkman's studies in this direction. Unfortunately the author was absent from the country when the work was passing through press, and the editorial labor was placed in incompe- tent hands. The result is a series of typographical blunders, many of them serious. See Archaeological Institute of America, above, sect. 556. F. W. H. Boston, Public Library of the City of. America before Columbus: Pre-Columbian visits ; Mexican civilization ; Peruvian civili- zation. (In Bulletins. 1875-78. v. 3, pp. 65- 69.) [560 A sketch of the literature on this subject in the library, including magazine articles and maps, with critical estimates of their worth. Brine, Vice-Admiral Lindesay. Travels amongst American Indians, their ancient earth- works and temples, including a journey in Guatemala, Mexico and Yucatan. Lond.: Low. 1894. K Y.: Scribner. 1894. §5. [561 The book contains much that is trivial, and but lit- tle concerning the " American Indians, their ancient earthworks and temples," that is not found in previ- ously published works of greater authority. As a nar- rative of adventures it is interesting ; it is not with- out literary merit, and in the main it is instructive to the general reader. F. W. H. Carr, Lucien. Mounds of the Mississippi valley, historically considered. (Kentucky Geological Survey.) Cin.: Clarke. 1883. [562 The author attempts a clearly defined task, — to show 33 563-569 AIVIERICA AT LARGE that the builders of the mounds were in the same stage of culture as the Indians, and that there is undoubted historic evidence that the Indians built mounds. He quotes freely from the writings of the early explorers, and reaches the conclusion that the mounds and earthworks of the United States were the work of the historic Indians or their immediate ancestors. The work is logically and critically done. M. L. M. Chapin, Frederick Hastings. The land of the cliff dwellers. Bost. : xVppalachian Mt. Club. 1892. [563 An excellent popular treatise of the region in south- em Colorado in which the ruins of many ancient cliff dwellings abound. The descriptions are based on observations made during several extended visits to the ruins, supported by views previously expressed by more scientific writers. It contains an historical introduction from good sources, and is entertainingly written. The illustrations are excellent, but the map defining Coronado's route in 1540-41 is not in accord with more recent expert opinions. F. W. H. Charnay, Desire. Ancient cities of the new •world, being voyages and explorations in Mexico and Central America, 1857-82 ; tr. from the French by J. Gonino and Helen S. Conant. N. Y. : Harper. 1887. §6. [564 The book is written somewhat in the form of a jour- nal. The descriptions of modern Mexicans and In- dians make it entertaining reading and do not detract from the value of the scientific part. The author has much to say about ancient Mexico and quotes fre- quently from the early Spanish writers. The important part of the book is the account of explorations among the famous ruins, as a result of which the theory of a Toltec ci%ilization is strongly advocated. While it is hardly time to speak positively on this point, the au- thor is supporting the weaker side. M. L. M. Congres international des Amdricanistes. Compte-rendu. Paris. 1875-. [565 The first article of the statutes declares that " Tlie International Congress of Americanists has for its ob- ject to contribute to the progress of ethnographical, linguistic and historical studies relating to the two Americas, especially concerning the period anterior to Christopher Columbus, and to bring into comnni- nication with each other persons interested in such studies." Magazine of Am. History, Z: 65. Dall, William Healey. On the remains of later pre-historic man obtained from caves in the Catherina Archipelago, Alaska. (In Smith- sonian Inst. Contributions to knowledge, v. 22.) Wash. 1880. [566 A brief paper of about thirty pages with ten plates. It contains a sketch of the life and customs of the Aleuts, especially of their burial customs. Bodies care- fully prepared for burial have been found in the caves of the islands. These so-called mummies, together with the wrappings, and objects found with them, are described minutely. Tliey give some idea of the ear- lier culture of the people. M. L. M. Domenech, Emmanuel, ahhL Seven years' residence in the great deserts of North Amer- ica. Lond. : Longman. 1860. 2v. [567 The Abb^ Domenech (1825-1886), of questionable reputation for veracity, was private chaplain to Maxi- milian during the hitter's residence in Mexico. About the time of the publication of his Deserts ho issued, under the auspices of the French government, a Matm- scrit pictographique Americain, precede d'liue 11. lice sur IHdiograp/iie des Peaux Rouges, with a faosiuii'.e of a manuscript in the archives of the Paris arsenal which he claimed related to the Indians; but its authenticity was strenuously denied by Julius retzholdt,a (Jerman scholar. While the Deserts i)urports to be an account of the author's travels and labors in Texas, New Mex- ico, Arizona and California, his experience appears to have been confined solely to Mexico and Texas. The greater part of the two volumes is in reality a compilation from other works. The plates are pre- l>ared from reconstructed drawings of illustrations appearing in the books of others, and, like much of the text, are far from accurate. F. W. H. Force, Maj. -Gen. Manning Ferguson. Some early notices of the Indians of Ohio. To what race did the mound builders belong? Cin.: Clarke. 1879. pap. net 50c. [568 Tlie first part of this too brief memoir gives much valuable information on the early aborigines of Ohio, derived from the best of the narratives of its first explorers, and presented in a manner that im- presses the reader with the author's good judgment and familiarity with the early history of his state. The second part of the contribution, — that on the mounds and their builders, — although written more than twenty years ago, is thoroughly in consonance ■with modern scientific conclusions regarding the archieology of the Mississippi region. The presenta- tion is commendable. General Force evidently in- herited no small degree of the painstaking care and rare discrimination for which his illustrious father, Peter Force, was noted. F. W. H. Foster, John Wells, Prehistoric races of the United States of America. Chic. : Griggs. 1873. [569 About one-fourth of the book is a r^sum^ of the evi- dence for the antiquity of man in Europe and Amer- ica. But its main purpose is to describe the mounds, shell-heaps, human bones and rude tools found throughout the United States. Tliese the author be- lieves are evidence that a race of mound liuilders preceded the Indians. He writes partly as an original observer, but mainly from the accounts of others. The descriptions are fairly satisfactory, but the sev- eral chapters on general jMithropological subjects are of no especial value, and the theoi-y of a race of momid builders distinct from the Indians has been almost entirely abandoned. M. L. M. Harvard University. Peahody Museum of American Archiology and Ethnology. An- nual reports, 1-24, 1868-90. Cambridge. 1876- 91. 4v. (Later reports printed -with those of president and treasurer of Harvard College.) 1 34 ARCHiEOLOGY 670-576 Archseological and ethnological papers. Cambridge. 1888-. v. 1+. Memoirs. Cambridge. 1896-. v. 1-|-. [570 The various publications of the Teabody Museum, extending over more than thirty years, are of great importance to students of American ethnology and archa'ology. They contain various memoirs on special topics prepared by leading authorities in their special fields of work, and are extensively quoted by scientific men both in America and in Europe. F. W. H. Haven, Samuel Foster. Archaeology of the United States. (In Smithsonian Inst. Con- tributions to knowledge, v. 8.) Wash. I806. [571 This is a valuable chronological r6sum6 of the opinions that have been held on the origin and cul- ture of the aborigines of America from the time of the discoverj'. The survey is presented from three points of view — archseological, philological and phy- sical. The last chapter, in which the author indicates the safe conclusions which had been reached and the points still in debate, is a careful and critical state- ment, and in the main is in close agreement with the scientific opinions of the present day. M. L. M. Holmes, William Henry. Archseological studies among the ancient cities of Mexico. (Field Columbian Museum. Pubs. 8, 16.) Chi- cago. 1895-7. 2v. [572 Of prime importance, by a leading authority of wide experience and extensive scientific training in many fields. The accounts are based on personal observations, are presented in admirable style, and in the main are lucidly illustrated from sketches made by the many-sided author. Numerous writings by Holmes on archa?ologic and technologic subjects, of equally high merit, appear also in the publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology at Washington. His monograph on the archaeology of the Potomac- Chesapeake tidewater region was awarded the first Loubat prize in 1808. F. AV. H. Humboldt, Alexander von. Researches concerning the institutions and monuments of the ancient inhabitants of America ; tr. by Helen Maria Williams. Lond. : Longman. 1814. 2v. [573 The original edition included a folio of sixty-nine plates, nineteen of which have been reproducetl for this edition. In both editions the text is a series of descriptions of the plates, two-thirds of which are illustrations of ruins, sculptures, jjaintings and pic- ture writings ; the other one-third are some remark- able views to be seen in South and Central America and in Mexico. The author's purpose was to show the origin and progress of the arts in America, and to point out analogies between them and the arts of the old world. Not all the opinions expressed arc accepted to-day, but the work is entertaining and, with the plates, of great value. M. L. M. Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Antiquities of the southern Indians, particularly of the Georgia tribes. N. Y. : Appleton. IH?;'. §6. [574 The writer's object is to give a general account of the southern Indians, princijially those of the Maskoki stock, at the time of the first coming of Europeans among them, and to interpret the relics found by reference to the early writers. A great num))er of objects is described, tjrpical forms and mostly those in the author's possession. In the interpretation of some social and religious forms there are mistakes, but in general, as a picture of Indian life, the work is satisfactory. M. L. M Jones, Joseph. Explorations of the abori- ginal remains of Tennessee. (In Smithsonian Inst. Contributions to knowledge, v. 22.) Wash. 1880. [575 This is a study of Tennessee stone graves, with the skeletons and relics found in them, with a view to de- termining what people formerly lived in the region. Incidentally, other methods of burial in America are examined. The author believes these stone grave peo- ple were closely related to the people of Mexico and Central America. In this view he will find little sup- port at the present time. But so long as he confines himself to a description of graves and to an examina- tion of the historical data concerning the native popu- lation in Tennessee, his work stands to-day. M. L. M. Journal of American ethnology and archae- ology. Bost.: Houghton. 1891-4. 4v. $8. [576 Most of the contributions to this journal are by its editor. Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, and contain the results of his researches in Arizona and New Mexico under the auspices of the Hemenway Archseological Expedi- tion. Dr. Fewkes' papers in the first volume were prepared after only a brief season in a new field of research, and are therefore not comparable in im- portance with his later excellent work. Tlie Zuhi mel- odies by Benj. Ives Oilman, also in the first volume, were based on phonographic records of native songs collected by Dr. Fewkes under somewhat unfavorable circumstances. They are not regarded as perfect re- productions of the native melodies, yet they afford a more than fair conception of the character of Zufii vocal music. In the second and fourth volumes Dr. Fewkes has contributed largely to knowledge of the religious system of the Hopi or Moki Indians of Arizona. His Snake ceremoniah at Wnlpi (with the as- sistance of A. M. Stephen and J. Gr. Owens, both now deceased) exhibit an enormous amount of painstaking observation and persistent energy. It is by far the best technical account of the celebrated " Moki Snake Dance," and sheds much light on primitive religious concepts. Owens gives the results of his observations on the Natal ceremonies of the Hnjn Indians in vol. 2, describing carefully, though briefly, interesting rites previously almost unknown among the Indians. Dr. Fewkes' reliable and well-illu-strated account of Casa Grande ruin in southern Arizona appears also in vol. 2. Vol. 3 is devoted largely to an extremely important 35 577-586 AMERICA AT LARGE Outline of the documentary history of the Zuni tribe by Bandelier. Like all of this authority's contributions to southwestern historj-, this is based mainly on docu- mentary evidence gathered largely from obscure but original sources. It is blemished by a few serious tjiJographical errors. Dr. II. F. C. ton Kate, an anthropologist of note, presents, in vol. 3, new and valuable material on the physical anthropology of certain aborigines of New Mexico and Arizona, both surviving and extinct. F. W. H. Lapham, Increase Allen. The antiquities of Wisconsin. (In Smithsonian Inst. Contribu- tions to knowledge, v. 7.) Wash. 1855. [577 The paper by Mr. Lapham occupies the greater part of this volume. His object was to present surveys and descriptions of the earthworks of Wisconsin, mainly eflagj' mounds. He is cautious in offering explana- tions of the purpose of the mounds, but reaches the probably correct conclusion, that they were required by the ceremonies and beliefs of the builders, who were themselves the ancestors of the present Indians. Fifty-five plates, most of them from direct siu^eys by the author, accompany the text. M. L. M. Mercer, Henry Chapman. Hill-caves of Yucatan, a search for evidence of man's an- tiquity in the caverns of Central America. Phil.: Lippincott. 1896. §3. [578 The report that there were caves in a range of hills in Central Yucatan led to an expedition to that coun- try in 1894-95 to discover if possible whether a people preceded the Maya Indians in the peninsula. This little book is a record of the expedition, and gives a careful, detailed account of the cave explorations made. The conclusion was reached that the ancestors of the present Mayas were the earliest inhabitants, and that they came in comparatively recent times, with their culture already developed. M. L. M. Moorehead, Warren King. Fort Ancient, the great prehistoric earthwork of Warren Co., Ohio. Cin.: Clarke. 1890. §3. [579 The writer's piirjiose in this little book was to de- scribe in detail the famous earthwork and to throw light on its history and i)urp<)se. The work is thor- oughly done. The conclusion that Indians built it is in all probability correct. But the wisdom of using so many pages in describing a single rude earthwork may be doubted. M. L. M. Nadaillac, Jean Francois Albert du Pou- get, VKirqiiis de. Pre-historic America; tr. by N. d'Anvers [Nancy Bell], ed. by W. H. Dall. N. Y. : Putnam. 1884. $3. [580 There is no question that the compiler amassed a great deal of valuable material from many excellent sources, but a considerable body of unauthoritative matter is also included. It should therefore be read with discriminating care. F. W. H. Prehistoric Americans. Pt. 1 : The mound builders. Pt. 3 : The clilT dwellers. (Catholic summer and winter school library.) Chicago : McBride. 1896. 50c. [581 A revision of two of the chapters in his Pre-historic America, considerably improved by the incorporation of later evidence. F. W. H. Peet, Stephen Denison. Prehistoric America. Chicago : Am. Antiquarian. 1890-. 3v.+. v. 1 : Mound builders. 1893. V. 3 : Emblematic mounds and animal effigies. 1890. V. 3 : Cliff dwellers and pueblos. 1899. S4. [582 The books are made up largely of matter reprinted from The American antiquarian, of which magazine the author is the eilitor. The results of limited personal field work, conducted at such times as the author's ministerial duties permitted, are included, but in the main the contents embrace the results of the re- searches of others (some of them of questionable au- thority), poorly digested and jiresented in unattractive style. The books are not highly regarded by scientific men. F. "W. H. Pidgeon, William. Traditions of De-coo- dah, and antiquarian researches : comprising extensive explorations, surveys and excava- tions of the wonderful and mysterious earthen remains of the mound builders in America. N. Y. 1858 [c. 1853]. [583 "The author was animated by an eager curiosity, which unhappily was directed by no familiarity with science. . . . The numerous plates afford very clear illustrations of many remains of Indian structures." T. W. Field, Indian bibliography, p. 311. Priest, Josiah. American antiquities and discoveries in the west. Albany. 1833. [584 Extensively read in its day, it did much toward in- fusing erroneous notions regarding the American aborigines. The book contains nothing to commend it to students of the present time. F. W. H. Rivero, Mariano Eduardo, and Johann Jakob von Tschudi. Peruvian antiquities ; tr. from the Spanish by Francis L. Hawks. N. Y. : Putnam. 1853. Barnes. 1854. [585 The purpose of the writers was to present an account of Peruvian culture in the days of the Incas. It was the result of extensive travels through the countrj' and examination of the early writers, and was written primarily for the Peruvian people in the hope of inter- esting them more deei)ly in the past of their own coun- try. Like so many other works on the natives of America, it is fairly satisfactory in its descriptions of the people, their government, ceremonies, arts and architecture, but the interpretations of the various forms, rites and traditions have been shown by later studies to be inaccurate. Notes by the translator call attention to some of these errors. M. L. M. Short, John Thomas. The North Amer- icans of antiquity : their origin, migrations and type of civilization considered. N. Y. : Harper. 1880. $3. [586 36 ARCHAEOLOGY 587-595 A survey of the culture attained by the mound builders, clill dwellers, I'ueblos, Mayas of Yucatan and Nahuas of Mexico. It is a comparative study, the r\iins, sculptures, systems of writing and reli- gions being considered with especial reference to the development shown by them, and to supposed analogies with the old world. The origin of the In- dians from the standpoint of science, and as outlined in the traditions of the :Mayas and Nahuas, is treated at length. In the main, the work is to be connuended, indicating much careful research ; but the author's interest and enthusiasm seem at times to have led him to sui)port some weak theories. M. L. M. Squier, Ephraim George. Aboriginal mon- uments of New York. (In Smithsonian lust. Coutributious to knowledge, v. 2.) Wash. 1851. [587 The earthworks of New York are described by coun- ties. Mr. Squier believes them to be defensive works of the Iroquois and of no great age. One hundred of the one hundred and eighty-eight pages in the article are devoted to an appendix, made up of brief papers treating of mounds and of defensive and sacred in- closures in other parts of America and of the world. Fourteen plates, mainly from the author's sui-veys, illustrate the text. M. L. M. Squier, Ephraim George, and Edward Hamilton Davis. Ancient monuments of the Mississippi valley. (In Smithsonian lust. Con- tributions to knowledge, v. 1.) Wash. 1848. [588 Attention is mainly given to the earth inclosures of the region. They are described with great accuracy and in great detail, almost entirely from original sur- veys. The mounds and the relics found in them are also described and illustrated. The theories offered in explanation of the purpose of the monuments and the view presented as to the people who l)uilt them have been corrected by later investigations, but the plates showing surveys and the descriptions must always remain the standard for reference. M. L. M. Stephens, John Lloyd. Incidents of travel in Central America, Chiapas and Yucatan. N. Y. : Harper. 1841. 2v. [589 An entertaining account of travels in a country and among peoples little known at the time of Stephens's visit. It is especially valuable, too, fo^ its accurate and detailed descriptions of the famous ruined cities. The author, while on a diplomatic errand in the coun- try, was much interested in its early history, and vis- ited most of the important ruins. He was accompa- nied l)y Mr. Catherwood, whose drawings of sculptures and buildings made on the spot add greatly to the value of the work. They will always be standard books of reference. M. L. M. Incidents of travel in Yucatan. N. Y. : Harper. 1843. 2v. [590 Mr. Stephens's former journey in Mexico and Central America was cvit short by the illness of his com])anion, Mr. Catherwood. Their second trip w.is confined to Yucatan, and is of equal interest with the first. The greater part of the two volumes is devoted to an accu- rate and interesting description of forty-four sites of ruins visited. To the student of Maya architecture, and to one interested in bright books of travel, they will always be entertaining and valuable. Mr. Cather- wood's drawings, as in the former work, are indispen- sable. M. L,. M. Thomas, Cyrus. Catalogue of prehistoric works east of the Rocky Mountains. (Smith- sonian Inst., Bur. of Ethnology.) Wash. 1891. [591 This is simply a catalogue of ancient mounds, graves, pietographs, ruins, etc. in the region indicated, grouped by states and counties and located as accu- rately as possible. References to descriptions of the works are given together with maps of various states and counties on which the different classes of works are indicated. M. L. M. The Cherokees in pre-Columbian times. N. Y. : N. D. C. Hodges. 1890. [592 This little book is an attempt to trace back the his- tory of an Indian tribe into pre-Columbian times. The migrations and tribal connections of the Cherokees, as indicated by traditions and references in the early writers, are outlined. Conclusive evidence from the mounds and from historic data that they were mound builders is presented. The work is valuable, in that it plainly shows that some Indians l)uilt mounds, and suggests the ready inference that there was no mys- terious race of mound builders. M. L. M. The circular, square, and octagonal earthworks of Ohio. (Smithsonian Inst., Bur. of Ethnology.) Wash. 1889. [593 The object of this brief paper is to give a summary of the results of a recent survey of the most noted mounds of central and southern Ohio, and to call at- tention to some mistakes of Squier and Davis in An- cient monuments of the Mississippi valley. The description of the new survey is minute, and is accompanied by many field notes, but adds little to our knowledge of the subject. The mistakes corrected are comparar tively unimportant. M. L. M. Introduction to the study of North American archteology. Cin. : Clarke. 1893. $3. [594 By an authority of wide experience in active field investigation. As an "Introduction" it is the best treatise on North American archaeology thus far pre- sented, r. W. H. Problem of the Ohio mounds. (Smith- sonian Inst., Bur. of Ethnology.) Wash. 1889. [595 An attempt to show that the mounds of the Missis- sippi valley were built by Indians, and to identify the Cherokees as one of the mound-building tribes. The historical evidence that some Indians built mounds is briefly presented, with a statement of the similarities in arts and customs of the mound builders and the In- dians. The migrations of the Cherokees from Iowa to North Carolina are traced, and the tribe is shown to 37 73882 596-604 AMERICA AT LARGE have built mounds in historic times. Mr. Thomas makes out a clear case. M. L. M. Study of the ]\IS. Troano. (In U. S. Geog. and Geol. Survey of the Rocky Mt. Region. Contributious to N. Am. ethnology, V. 5.) Wash. 1882. [596 Of the few Maya codices now in existence not all have been published. The MS. Troano was jmblislied at Paris in 1869. Mr. Briuton's introduction to this study gives an outline of the graphic system of the Mayas, with a brief .statement of what is known of the codices. 3Ir. Thomas's paper is an attempted in- terpretation of parts of the MS. Troano. He believes it to consist of two parts — the first a religious cal- endar, and the second an illustration of the customs and employments of the jjeople. The discussion of the complicated Maya calendar system is clear. The methodof study followed — an examination of the MS. itself with comparison of other MSS., but without pre- conceived notions — is undoubtedly the right one. M. L. M. Thruston, Gates Phillips. The antiquities of Tennessee and the adjacent states, and the state of aboriginal society in the scale of civ- ilization represented by them. Cin.: Clarke. 1890. 2d ed. rev. 1897. U net. [597 The result of several years of intelligent study, based on active field investigation, careful inspection of many archaeological objects, and thorough acquaint- ance with what other students have accomplished in solving the problems of prehistoric America. It is an important contribution not only to the archaeology of the southern states, but to American archaeology in general. F. W. H. Valentini, Phillipp J. J, The Katunes of ]Maya history. See American Antiquarian So- ciety, sect. 242. [598 Whittlesey, Charles. Description of an- cient works in Ohio. (In Smithsonian Inst. Contributions to knowledge, v. 3.) Wasli. 1852. [599 A brief paper of fifteen pages describing earthworks at eighteen localities in Ohio. It is supplementary to Squier and Davis's monograiih on Ancient monuments of the Mississippi valley. Six plates showing surveys are appended. The author offers no theories in explana- tion of these monuments. M. L. M. Aborigines Adair, James. History of the American Indians. Lond. 1775. [600 "A work of great value, showing the relations of the English traders to the Indians, and is of much importance to the student of Indian customs." A. McF. Andrews, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 5: 68. American state papers : Indian affairs. Wash. 1832-84. 2v. [601 These volumes of nearly 1000 pages each contain legislative and executive documents relating to the Indians between 1789 and 1827, selected by the clerks of the Senate and House of Representatives, and in- clude not only treaties, communications from the President, cabinet officers, and superintendents of Indian affairs, and reports of connnittees, but also speeches of Indians, memorials regarding their civil- ization, journals of explorers, and some scientific in- formation. The first volume is indexed with special fulness and contains a tabulated statement of trear ties made with Indians between 1789 and 1812. See American state papers, sect. 99. F. J. S. Atwater, Caleb. 1833. Writintrs. Columbus. [602 " The zeal and industry of the author, stimulated by a thirst for the acquisition of knowledge regarding the mysterious peoi>le of whom these were the relics, have produced a work not much less valuable, because the author had little scientific training, to teach him what to search for." T. W. Field, Indian bibliography, p. 12. Bancroft, Hubert Howe. Native races of the Pacific states of North America. N. Y. : Appleton. 1874-6. 5v. [603 In these volumes Mr. Bancroft realized the first part of his plan to systematize the contents of his great collection of 16,000 books, pamphlets and manuscripts relating to the Pacific slope, and publish the result. " Indian archseology, mythology, and languages, European exploration and settlement, and American occupation, all had their part in this comprehensive scheme. And the boldness of the design is the more striking in view of the spirit of thoroughness in which it was undertaken. The treatment of each part of the subject was to be exhaustive. [The work was] " written with the aid of a corps of fellow-laborers, who, judging from the results, were exceedingly well chosen. A knowledge of languages, ancient and modern, was indispensable, and several of the assistants were foreigners of scholastic train- ing. All acted together in ]iursuance of plans deter- mined by Mr. Bancroft, who followed them with critical supervision, testing their work by comparison with original sources, and giving form and character to the whole. If this method has its objections, it is certain that no one man could accomplish the pro- posed task by any other. . . . The book is a storehouse of facts, gathered witli admirable industry and care, arranged with skill and judgment, and sustained, at all points, by copious reference to the sources whence they were drawn." Francis Parkman in North Ameri- can rerieir, 120: 34. Bandelier, Adolph Francis Alphonse. Tlie delight makers. N. Y. : Dodd. [c. 1890.] §1.25. [604 The title of the book is the English rendering of Ko.ihare, a priesthood among the Pueblo Indians whose function, among other things, is to create mer- riment between and sometimes dui-ing the public religious dances. The author has adopted the plan of " clothing sober facts in the garb of romance." The plot alone is fiction ; the details of the daily life of the participants, of their habits and customs, even of 38 ABORIGINES 605-612 their food, clothing and architecture, are all the re- sult of knowledge gleaned during several years of careful study of the Tewa and (^ueres Indians of New Mexico, and of the early Spanish records pertaining to them. The author has succeeded admirably in por- traying Pueblo life as it existed before the advent of the white man in 1510. See, also, sect. 556, above. F. W. H. Beauchamp, William M. Tlic Iroquois trail ; or Footprints of the Six Nations, in cus- toms, traditions and history : in which are in- cluded David Cusick's Sketches of ancient history of the Six Nations. Fayetteville, N. Y. : H. C. Beauchamp. 1892. [605 A reprint of a curious pamphlet by a Tuscarora, which purports to throw light on the early history of the Six Nations, valuable as a chronicle of traditions, but absurd in its chronology. In elucidation of this pamphlet Mr. Beauchamp appends 112 pages of notes; some learned and acute, some shrewd guesses at truth, and others, it is to be feared, little more than a blind groping in the dark for interpretations of which, very likely, the Tuscarora chronicler had no conception. F. H. S. Belknap, Jeremy. Journal of a visit to the Oneida Indians, 1796. See Massachusetts His- torical Society, sect. 335. [606 Biart, Lucien. The Aztecs, their history, manners and customs ; from the French ; au- thorized translation by J. L. Garner. Chi- cago : McClurg. 1887 [1886]. $3. [607 Designed to portray tlie condition of the Aztec or Nahuatl Indians at the time of the conquest. It is a faithful account as based on the writings of the early Spanish historians, but, as is well known, these are, as a rule, very unreliable. The illustrations are chiefly from objects in the Trocadero museum of Paris. F. W. H. The plan of '• repeating the accounts of the early writers without a word of explanation or a word of warning (except, perhaps, in one instance), seems to invite comment." Nothing could give a more false idea of the social and political condition of the ancient Mexicans than the accounts left by the Span- ish conquerors, who interpreted and described what they saw in terms of old-world civilization, exagger- ating for their own greater glory. The author has not proiited by the studies of Morgan and Bandelier. See Nation, 44 : 415. Bourke, Capt. John Gregory. On the bor- der with Crook. N. Y.: Scribner. 1891. 53.50. [608 By an army officer of wide experience among the Indians, especially those of New Mexico, Arizona and northern Mexico, and particularly the Apache tribes. Captain Bourke was a member of the staff of General Crook, and participated in many Indian oampiiigns. The book, which is entertainingly written, recounts personal experiences and obsei-vations during many years of frontier campaigning, and contains much information of ethnologic and recent historical value. F. W. H. The snake-dance of the Moquis of Ari- zona: being a narrative of a journey from Santa F6, New Mexico, to the villages of the Moqui Indians of Arizona. N. Y. : Scribner. 1884. $5. [609 The recent and more complete writings of Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, who has witnessed the snake-dance a number of times at the various Moqui villages and become a member of one of the societies that parti- cipate in it, wholly replace Captain Bonrke's de- scription in ethnologic literature. (See sect. 576.) Captain Bourke's book, however, contains in popular form niiu'h information regarding the Pueblo Indians of Santo Domingo, in New Mexico, not found in any other work, as well as gleanings from recognized au- thorities regarding snake worship in general, and much that is interesting and amusing concerning life and custom in the far southwest. F. W. H. Brett, William Henry. The Indian tribes of Guiana. N. Y. 1853. Lond.: Bell. 1868. [610 " All we know of the Aborigines who inhabit these deadly climes, is communicated by such fearless mis- sionaries as Brett and Bernau." T. W. Field, Indian bibliography, p. 45. Brinton, Daniel Garrison. The American race: a linguistic classification and ethno- graphic description of the native tribes of North and South America. N. Y.: Hodges. 1891. $3. New ed. in preparation. Phil.: McKay. The books of Chilan Balam : the pro- phetic and historic records of the Mayas of Yucatan. Phil.: Stern. [1882.] Essays of an Americanist. Phil.: Por- ter. 1890. $3. The Lenape and their legends, with the complete text and symbols of the Walam Olum. Phil.: Author. 1885. $3. Myths of the new world. N. Y. 1868. 3d ed. rev. Phil.: McKay. 1896. $3. [611 Forty years of continuous study of American eth- nology have made the late Dr. Brinton's works as au- thoritative as his reputation is wide. His writings deal ■with almost everj- phase of American Indian life and thought, and his personal bibliography of the subject is doubtless more extensive than that of any other ethnologist. Although most of Dr. Brinton's studies were based on material gathered by other investigators, his writings occupy very high rank among those who have contributed largely to a scientific understanding of the American aborigines. The American race in the most comprehensive and accurate account of all the Indians of Nortli and South America that has ever appeared, while it is difficult to overestimate the value of many other of his works. The literary treatment is commendable. F. W. H. National legend of the Chahta-Musko- kee tribes. Morrisania. N. Y. 1870. [612 33 613-C19 AMERICA AT LARGE '• "With the thoroughness which characterizes all of Mr. Brinton's literary labors, he has exhausted all the reser\^oirs of iiiforuiatiou relating to his subject. He takes no less pains to finish and ilhistrate it, when only a magazine article, than ^\hcn it assumes the proportions of a volume." T. W. Field, Indian bibli- ography, p. 48. ed. The 3Iaya chrouicles. Phil. : Brin- ton. 1882. [613 Brinton, Daniel Garrison, et al. Culture status of the Aiuericau Indian at the period of his discovery. (American archaeologist [Co- lumbus, O.], V. 2, pt. 2, Feb., 1898.) [614 "The sj-mposium on the culture status of the Amer- ican Indian at the time of his discovei-y is an example of how eminent authorities can differ upon what at first sight seems a simple subject. According to Dr. Brinton, ' in the American race, at the time of the dis- covery, we see a race in its decline, drifting toward deeper savagery, toward degradation and degenera- tion.' " Mr. McGuire, Dr. Beauchamp and Prof. Ab- bott hold the opposite opinion. " Tliere is very good reason to believe that at the epoch of the discovery the American Indians ' were on the threshold of a career that would have led in good time to the full utilization of the boundless resources of the country.'" — Uni- versity of Toronto. Review of hist, publicatitms relating to Canada, 1898. Brooks, Elbridge Streeter. Story of the American Indian. Bost. : Lothrop. 1887. Sl.oO. [615 For the greater part, the author has displayed the faculty of separating wheat from chaff in his use of the writings on American ethnology and archaeology. His opening chapter on " The ancient American " con- tains so many errors of fact as to make it misleading to the layman; but, while the remainder of the l)ook is not free from blemish, it covers the scope for which it was designed in a manner calculated to warrant commendation. The book contains a list of what is called " The best hundred books on the American In- dians," some of which, however, are bad or indif- ferent. F. W. H. Catlin, George. Illustrations of the man- ners, customs and condition of the North Apaerican Indians. Lond. 1841. 2v. Letters and notes on the manners, cus- toms and condition of the North American Indians, 1832-9. Lond. 1841. 2v. Am. ed. N. Y. 1841. 2v. Manners, customs and condition of the North American Indians. Lond. 1841. 2v. [Reprint from original plates, 1892. 2v. Col- ored plates.] [616 Mr. Catlin visited forty-eight tribes in the Missis- sippi and Missouri valleys and on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains during eight years' travels. His object was to paint portrsiits of men and women in evei-y tribe, together with views of villages, games, etc. The two volumes are a series of fifty-eight let- ters written while the author was among the Indians. They form an unusually entertaining narrative of travels in an almost unknown region, and at the same time are of great value in their descrii)tions of Indian life. Over three hundred illustrations from Catlin's original i)aintings accompany the text. M. L. M. " A number of copies (often announced to have been but twelve) have the etchings colored. The first which were olfered to the public were sold at a high price on account of the supposed rarity, but it is said that a large number of copies with colored etchings were found by IMr. Bohn in an out-house, and they have consequently become somewhat more common." T. W. Field, Indian bibliography, p. G3. Tlie 1857 Phil. ed. of the Letters and notes " is a re- print of the large work of Catlin, the title of which commences Illustrations. The plates of this are not so numerous as in the London edition, and are shaded instead of etched." T. W. Field, Indian bibliography, p. 64. Last rambles amongst the Indians of the Rocky Mountains and the Andes. Lond. 1867. Edin. 1877. [617 This is practically the second volume of Life amongst the Indians. It is a good book of adventure entertain- ingly written from the author's own experiences. It gives the story of his wanderings in South America and western North America. Information about the peoples of the countries visited is given incidentally. M. L. M. Chadwick, Edward Marion. People of the Long House. Toronto: Church of Eng- land Pub. Co. 1897. . [618 " Major Chadwick's book ... is written in an inter- esting style, and contains much valuable information concerning the Canadian Iroquois, an Indian people in the midst of a white man's civilization. Not a little of the author's data seems to be derived from the older authorities, but Major Chadwick has made up for this by the novelty of some of his own contributions.' ' Uni- versity of Toronto, Review of hist, publications relating to Canada, 1898. Charlevoix, Pierre Francois Xavier de. Letters to the Dutchess of Lesdiguieres. .Lon- don. 1765. [619 The author, a French Jesuit, well known for his mon- umental History of New France, spent four years in Can- ada from 1705, returning thither from France in 1720, when he ascended the St. I.awrcnec and reached the Mississippi by way of the Illinois Kiver. He descended the Mississippi to New Orleans and returned again to France after an absence of two years. The journey was undertaken by order of the king, and this series of descriptive letters to the Duchess of Lesdiguieres contain the results of his personal observations re- corded at the time. Charlevoix was an acute ob- server. The letters arc replete in valuable information regarding the Indian tribes and settlements visited, especially those of the lower Mississippi valley, many of which have since become extinct. F. W. H. Golden, Cadwallader. History of the five Indian nations of Canada, which are dependent 40 ABORIGINES 620-628 on the province of New-York in America. N. Y. 1727. Enl. ed. London. 1747. Same, reprinted from Bradford's ed., 1727, introd. and notes by J. G. Sliea. N. Y. 1866. [620 Coklcn served as survej'or general and lieutenant governor of the colony of New York in behalf of the Crown ; he was an ardent royalist, and became emi- nent in several branches of science. The first edition of the above work (N. Y. 1727) is of great r;irity; the editions of 1747, 17,50 (the reprinted 1747 edition with a new title page), and 1755 were senselessly " enlarged " by English editors, thus depriving the work of much of Its authenticity. A new edition, based on that of 1727, was jirepared by John G. Shea and i)ublished in I8C1G, in which much space is devoted to a discussion of the changes niatle in the second and third editions. The 1727 and 1800 editions are of particular value, es- pecially with respect to the political history of the Iro- quois, and notably the relation of Indian affairs to commerce. F. W. H. Colton, Calvin. Tour of the American lakes, and among the Indians of the North- West Territory in 1830. London. 1833. 2v. [621 " More than half of the first volume is occupied with personal observations of aborigin.al life, and state- ments made to him regarding it. The second volume is entirely filled with a collection of facts relating to their origin, wars, treaties, treatment by the govern- ments of great Britain antl the United States, and the result of missions among them." T. W. Field, Indian bibliography, [i. 83. Cotton, Josiah. Vocabnlary of the Massa- chusetts Indians. See Massachusetts Histor- ical Society, sect. 298. [622 Cozzens, Samuel Woodv7orth. The mar- vellous country ; or Three years in Arizona and New Mexico, the Apaches' home. Boston : Shepard. 1873. $2. [623 The author resided in New Mexico and Arizona be- tween 1858 and 1860, serving in the latter year as a dis- trict judge. Much of his narrative, which puri)orts to be a record of personal experience, is in reality derived from earlier publications, principally the re- ports of military reconnoissances. His references to the early historj^ of the country treated are very unre- liable, and his conclusions regarding the archaeology and ethnology of the region are based on the inexpert observations of earlier writers. The illustrations in the main are sensational. F. W. H. Cremony, John C. Life among the Apaches. San Francisco : Roman. 1868. [624 The late Colonel Cremony served with the U. S. Boundary Commission and with the California Volun- teer Battalion. He had unusual opportunities for studying Indian and pioneer life in Arizona and New Mexico, at intervals from 1847 to 1862. This bofek gives a readable, popular account of the Apaches, Navajos, Comanches and other tribes, together with many curi- ous frontier stories and personal adventures. Few men of the period knew the Southwest so well, but carelessness and exaggeration mar his book and have obscured his really admirable powers of observation and description. C. H. S. Dall, William Healey. Tribes of the ex- treme Northwest. (U. S. Geog. and Geol. Sur- vey of the Rocky Mt. Region. Contributions to N. Am. ethnology, v. 1. Wash. 1877.) [625 The first of three articles on Alaska outlines the dis- tribution and gives the names of the native tribes ; the second is an interesting and careful account of the development of culture among the people of the Aleu- tian Islands and the time of occupation of the region as evidenced by the, shell-heaps. In the thinl part, on the origin of the Innuit (Eskimo), the belief is ex- jjressed that they were at one time an inland ])eople, forced later to the coast by the pressure of other tribes. This view is interesting, but the point is not yet proved. An appendix is devoted to a brief account of the native languages and lists of words. M. L. M. De Forest, Major John William. History of the Indians of Connecticut. Pub. with the sanction of the Conn. Historical Soc. Hartford, [c. 1850.] Repr. Albany : Munsell. 1871. [626 The author made use of the best published and docu- mentary material available, producing a book of value, especially in so far as it relates strictly to Indian his- tory. The book still contains much material of ethno- logic worth not found in any other book. It may be regarded as the best treatise on the aboriginal tribes of Connecticut. F. W. H. Dobrizhoffer, Martin. Account of the Abi- pones, an equestrian people of Paraguay ; from the Latin; tr. by Sara Coleridge. London: Murray. 1822. 3v. [627 " The author of this work was an Austrian Jesuit, who ... in 1749 sailed from Lisbon for Buenos-Ayres, to en- ter upon the arduous duties of -a missionary in Para- guay. There he remained till Spain, in an evil hour, expelled the Jesuits from its dominions. ... In 1748 he published, under the title of a Historj- of the Abi- pones, a full account of the remarkable people among whom he had been stationed, and of his own adven- tures in a wild country, among wild men. He wrote in Latin. . . . Perhaps there is no other [work] which gives so fiill and picturesque an account of savage life ; it has a liveliness, an originality, a freshness which makes even garrulity attractive." Robert Southey in Quarterly rev., 26 : 277. Dodge, Col. Richard Irving. Our wild Indians; with introd. by Gen. Sherman. Hart- ford: Worthington. 1882. [628 During his extended experience among the Indians, particularly the plains tribes. General Dodge was en- abled to make many observations of their character and customs that would not be possible in their pre- sent modified condition; hence his work contains data not found elsewhere. The book is presented in popu- lar style, and relates many thrilling experiences of 41 629-634 AMERICA AT LARGE army life in the Indian countrj-. The narrative does not profess to be scientific, yet it contains much eth- nologic matter, marred in some instances by uninten- tionally false statements. F. W. H. Donaldson, Thomas. Report on Indians taxed and Indians not taxed in tlie United States (except Alaska) at the 11th census, 1890. Wash. : Govt. Prtg. Off. 1894. [629 The census of the Indians in 1890 was conducted under federal auspices by a man of considerable ex- perience as a compiler of books pertaining to the In- dians, but with no scientific ability. The census proper is doubtless as accurate as circumstances would permit, and the rejiort would have been less mislead- ing had it ended here. But Mr. Donaldson, the officer in charge of the work, introduced material of an his- torical and ethnological nature, compiled from various sources, regardless of their authenticity, or contrib- uted by untrained and in some cases totally incom- petent assistants. The result is a jumble of good, bad, and indifferent data that should be used only with discretion. The report is profusely illustrated, but comparatively few plates bear any reference to the text. The census officials improved the report by eliminating considerable useless matter ; to this the compiler protested ; a legal suit ensued, and it was decided that the Superintendent of the census was privileged to publish as much or as little of the report as he deemed fit. 3Ir. Donaldson consequently dis- claimed its authorship, and it appeared anonymously. F. W. H. The Six Nations of New York. (U. S. Census, 1890. Extra bulletin.) Wash. 1893. [630 Besides elaborate statistics fully illustrating the condition of the Iroquois in 1890 there is here a report by Gen. Henry B. Carrington, special agent, including an historical sketch of these Indians, maps and de- scriptions of each reservation, and much information regarding their government, religion, social life, tra- ditions, etc., together with many photographs of indi- viduals and reproductions of a 1723 map of New York province and of the Gov. Tryon map of 1771. This bulletin is considerably condensed as published in the census volume on the Indians. F. J. S. Drake, Francis Samuel. Indian history for voung folks. N. Y. : Harper. 1885. S3. [631 So much historical information drawn from the best sources and presented in popular and entertaining style had not previously been brought together for the use of the yoimg. The first chapter, on " What we know about the American Indians," contrary to its title, contains more of what we do not know about them. In this chapter occur numerous misstate- ments. The historical part of the work, however, covers the ground quite fully, clearly, and as accu- rately as the writings of the best of the early authori- ties permit. It contains numerous illustrations from photographs, portraits, and early prints, a lew of them being wrongly titled. F. W. H. Drake, Samuel Gardner. Biography and history of the Indians of North America. Bost. : Mussey. 1851. Aboriginal races of North America. Phil. 1859. Rev. by H. L. Williams. N. Y. : J. W. O'Neill. 1880. §4. [632 A fund of historical and biographical material iier- tainiiig to the aborigines of the IT. S. The compiler (father of F. S. Drake) became an indefatigable stu- dent of the many books which he brought together from time to time at Boston in the first antiquarian bookstore established in this country. The sources of his historical studies were very extensive, and al- though his book betrays some lack of discrimination in the selection of material, it embodies a great many historical facts that would require untold labor to ob- tain in any other way. The list of " tribes and nations " is of course far from complete, and many names are duplicated through misprint or failure to identify variant forms. The work appeared in many editions and under various titles. F. W. H. Eickemeyer, Carl, and Lilian Westcott. Among the Pueblo Indians. N. Y. : Merriam. [c. 1895.] $1.75. [633 Evidently without previous experience in the south- west, the authors saw four of the most frequently visited and widely exploited pueblos, and of these they say nothing that has not been told more authori- tatively many times before. The vohune is mechani- cally attractive, containing some photographic repro- ductions, but numerous misstatements practically deprive it of other value. F. W. H. Ellis, George Edward. The red man and the white man in North America. Boston -. Little. 1882. $3.50. [634 "Dr. Ellis does not concern himself with archaeo- logical questions. . . . His interest is not that of a scientist, but of a social and political philosopher, and his book appeals thus to the widest class. The method which Dr. Ellis uses is mainly topical, although in his arrangement of topics he follows as nearly as may be a chronological order. . . . He treats of the personal characteristics of the Indian, his condition, his resources and surroundings. . . . One of the strong points made by Dr. Ellis is in the substantial identity of the Indian seen by the first settlers and the Indian seen by the frontiersmen to-day ; the uninqjrovability of the savage when in contact with the white man is made to be one of the few facts established by history. . . . In two particulars only do we think the author falls short of his subject. The comjiarison of Romanist and Protestant missions is based almost exclusively upon a consideration of the Jesuits in Canada and of John Eliot in Massachusetts. . . . Again, there is a serious omission in a failure to recount the experi- ments of self-government in the Indian Territory. . . . Dr. Ellis, even in his last chapter, does not explicitly and deliberately outline an Indian policy. . . . He faces, fairly and squarely, the alternative of exter- mination and civilization. . . . But, in siiite of the generations of failure which he has been obliged to record, he ranks himself with the undaunted but not blind adherents of the better way. . . . The soundness 42 ABORIGINES 635-642 of his judgment has ordered a style which is refresh- ingly clear and, direct." Atlantic Monthly, 50 : 560. Field, Thomas Warren. Essay towards an ludian bibliography : being a catalogue of books relating to the American Indians in the library of Thomas W. Field. N. Y. : Scrib- ner. 1873. [635 A list of 1708 works, relating wholly or in part to American Indians, with bibliographical and historical notes, and synopses of the contents of the least known works. Many of the notes are long and learned, but written with delightful spirit. Incomplete as a sur- vey of literature relating to American Indians, but probably, for many years to come, incomparable in its field. F. H. S. Finerty, John Frederick. War-path and bivouac ; or The conquest of the Sioux. Chi- cago : Author, [c. 1890.] $2. [636 A clear account by a press correspondent of adven- tures with the U. S. forces in the campaign against the Sioux Indians in the Big Horn and Yellowstone regions in 1876, which resulted in the Custer massacre, and in the campaign on the Canadian border in 1879. The style is not of a high order. The narrator aims to adhere strictly to fact, and many of his statements are substantiated by official communications. It con- tains a very good map of the scene of operations, and several portraits (from photographs) of notable par- ticipants. F. W. H. Fletcher, Alice Cunningham. Indian edu- cation and civilization : a report. (IT. S. Bur. of Education. Special report.) Wash. 1888. [637 The original plan of the work was to give a history of every existing tribe from its first contact with the white people to the present time, with the special pur- pose of showing their progress toward civilization. The plan has been only in part realized. This book is a resume of the relations between the Indians and the American colonists and a statement of the origin and development of the Indian policy of the V. S. govern- ment. It contains much information about the estab- lishing of the Indian agencies and many statistics concerning the reservations. M. L. M. Force, Manning Ferguson, Some early notices of the Indians of Ohio. To what race did the mound builders belong ? Cin. : Clarke. 1879. pap. 50c. [638 "The author has gathered together many state- ments, correct, false, and dubious, and quotations from writers of some and no authority, in gener- ally undigested and sometimes indigestible masses. His essay upon the mound builders concludes that ' they were flourishing about a thousand years ago, and earlier and later,' which, though by no means incredible, is a rather vague result to reach after pages of patient reading. Neither is it unlikely that they were, as he asserts, of the same race as the tribes now living. But there are so many errors in the pre- mises for all his deductions, that any opi)onent of his proposition is furnished with a full arsenal for sucoess- 43 fully assaulting it. The title is somewhat misleading, as of ' the Indians of Ohio ' attention is confined to the Erics and Hhawnees." Nation, 28: 357. Gallatin, Albert. Synopsis of the Indian tribes within the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, and in the British and Rus- sian possessions in North America. (In Am. Antiquarian Soc. Archa;ologia Americana, V. 2.) Cambridge, Mass. 1836. [639 The distribution and relations of the tribes in the area indicated, with the history of their contact vrith Europeans, are fully outlined. A brief section is de- voted to the mode of life, degree and origin of cul- ture of the people. More than half of the 420 pages are given over to a discussion of Indian languages in general and to grammatical notices of various lin- guistic families, besides vocabularies and phrases compiled from different sources. It is a valuable piece of work to every student of Indian linguistic relations. M. L. M. Gatschet, Albert Samuel. A migration legend of the Creek Indians, with a linguistic, historic, and ethnographic introduction. V. 1. (Brinton's library of aboriginal Am. lit., no. 4.) Phil. : D. G. Brinton. 1884. $3. V. 2. (Acad, of Science of St. Louis. Transactions, v. 5.) St. Louis. 1888. [640 The author has spent many years in research among various Indian tribes, and much of our present accu- rate knowledge of the aborigines, and particularly of their languages, is due to his erudition and untiring zeal. He is one of the leading philologists and eth- nologists in America, and his authority in his chosen fields is world-wide. The work above titled is of the utmost importance and displays the great familiarity of the author with the Creeks and other southern tribes. F. W. H. Giddings, Joshua Reed. Exiles of Florida ; or The crimes committed by our government against the maroons who fled from South Caro- lina and other slave states, seeking protection under Spanish laws. Columbus, O. 1858. [641 " A glowing arraignment of the government of the United States for its complicity in the outrages per- petrated upon the Seminoles, in the interest of the slave-holders of Florida." T. W. Field, Indian biblio- graphy, p. 148. [See sect. 1783.] Gilman, S. C. Conquest of the Sioux. New rev. ed. Indianapolis : Carlon. 1897. SI. [642 A missionary book written from a Protestant stand- point (Congregationalist and Presbj^erian). Anec- dotes and personal observations gathered during sum- mer visits among the missionarj' stations. Pleasantly told, emphasizing the work of Rev. Alfred L. Riggs, Rev. John P. Williamson, Dr. and Mrs. (Elaine Goodale) Chas. A. Eastman and Rev. James Garvie. Appendix on The Indian question : a Christian point of view, reprinted from The story of a western claim. H. W. H. 643-653 AMERICA AT LARGE Gookin, Daniel. Historical account of the doings and sufferings of the Christian Indians of New England. (In Am. Antiquarian Soc. Archsologia Americana, v. 2.) Cambridge : 1836. [643 A narrative of historico-ethnologic importance con- cerning the conditions existing in Massachusetts dur- ing the Indian wars in the latter part of the 17th centun,-. Gookin was a man of learning, of high offi- cial position, of extreme piety, and of intimate ac- quaintance with the "praying Indians" of Massa- chusetts gained during. 30 years' superintendency of all the aborigines who acknowledged the colonial govern- ment. The account was annotated principally by S. G. Drake. F. W. H. Grinnell, George Bird. Blackfoot lodge tales: the story of a prairie people. N. Y. : Scribncr. 1893. SI. 75. [644 Mr. Grinnell knows the Indians, among whom he has been, and is in sympathy with them. He iiresents here thirty stories which treat of love and war, ancient customs and natural phenomena. They were taken down in Indian lodges from the Indian narrators themselves, and are told with admirable simplicity. About one half of the book is an account of the ancient Blackfoot history, their daily life and customs and a brief statement of their condition to-day. M. L. M. Pawnee hero stones and folk-tales, with notes on the origin, customs, and character of the Pawnee people. N. Y. : Forest and Stream. 1889. Enl. cd. N. Y.: Scribncr. 1893. §1.75. [64s These twenty-one stories are intended to show how Indians think and feel and especially to reveal the Pa^\Tiee character. Like the Blackfoot tales they were written in Indian camps from the words of Indian narrators. The second part does not profess to be a history, but merely notes gathered from the people themselves on the daily life, customs and beliefs in the old time and an account of their present condition and progess. The author's style is simple and pleas- ing. M. L. M. Story of the Indian. (Story of the west series.) N. Y. : Appleton. 1895. $1.50. [646 The book is designed to picture the Indian as a man — how he wooed and fought, hunted and prayed, ate and slept. One who reads it will have neither a senti- mental admiration for the red man nor a feeling of abhorrence of him, but will see him as he was. It is the Indians of the i)lains that Mr. Grinnell knows best, and it is of them mainly that he writes. There is per- haps no better book to give a picture of Indian life. M. L. M. Hale, Horatio, ed. Iroquois book of rites. Phil. : D. G. Brinton. 1883. S3. [647 Tlie editing of the rites used in tlie condoling coun- cil of the Iroquois gives occasion for presenting an ac- count of the peoide themselves. In many visits to these Indians Mr. Hale learned about their traditions, cus- toms and language. The first half of the book is de- voted to a useful summary of this material. In the latter half the book of rites is given in the Iroquois tongue with a translation on opi)osite pages. Explan- atory notes and a glossary are appended. M. L. M. Harvey, Henry. History of the Shawnee Indians, 1()S1-1S.54. Cin. 1855. [648 " The work is one of the most simple and veritable narrations of facts relating to the Indians ever printed." T. "VV. Field, Indian bibliography, p. ICl. Heckewelder, John. History, manners and customs of the Indian nations who once inhab- ited Pennsylvania and the neighbouring states. (In Am. Philosophical Soc. Trans, of hist, and lit. com., V. 1. 1819.) Same : new and rev. ed., with introd. by "Wm. C. Reichel. (Pennsylvania Hist. Soc. Memoirs, v. 12. Phil. 1876.) [649 Mr. Heckewelder was a Moravian missionarj' among the Indians late in the 18th century. He wrote from personal knowledge of them and from information which they themselves gave him. His narrative is in the main a simple account of the daily life of the people, with some notice of their traditions and a very favorable estimate of the Indian character. For the tribes included one could not find a more simple, truthful picture of Indian manners and customs. M. L. M. Narrative of the mission of the United Brethren among the Delaware and Mohegan Indians, 1740-1808. Phil. 1820. [650 A simple story of work among the Indians and a plain statement of the cruelty of the white settlers and the persecutions to which both missionaries and Christian Indians were subjected. The conduct of the latter through all this shows the milder side of the Indian character. The narrative is continuous, with- out division into chapters, and is written from per- sonal knowledge. M. L. M. — RoNDTHALER, E. Life of John Hecke- welder. See Pennsylvania, Historical Society of, sect. 385. [651 Henry, Alexander, Travels and adventures in Canada and the Indian territories, 1760-76. N. Y.: Riloy. 1809. [652 " In Pait I. the author relates the incidents of his life as a fur-trader among the Indians on the shores of the upper great lakes ; of the surprise and massacre of the garrison of Fort Michllimackinac, of his o-mi nar- row escape from the slaughter, and his capture. His narrative of the det.ails of his long captivity is very interesting, and has been deemed the most authentic •we have, relating to the domestic habits of the north- ern Indians. Part II. is a narrative journal of travels through the Indian countries." T. ^V. Field, Indian bibliography, \). 168. Indian Rights Association. Annual re- ports of the executive committee, 1883-. Phil. 1884^. L6S3 44 ABORIGINES 654-660 Contain much information regarding the treatment of the Indians by the wliites, and especially on the policy of the government toward the aborigines. The reports are useful to students of the Indian question, but are not designed as contributions to ethnology. F. W. H. Irving, John Treat. Indian sketches taken (iuriug an expedition to the Pawnee tribes. Phil. 1835. 2v. New ed. N. Y.: Putnam. 1888. Iv. §1.50. [654 " The object of this expedition was of a higher hu- manitarian order than those which the government has usually orjianized for Indian affairs. . . . INIr. Ir- ving accompanied the expedition, and his work affords us many interesting incidents of savage life. The work abounds in such fragments of the traditions, history and peculiarities of the Indian tribes as the opportunity offered the author." T. W. Field, Indian bibliography, p. 180. Jackson, Mrs. Helen Hunt. A century of dishonor. N. Y. : Harper. 1881. New ed., enl. Boston : Roberts. 1885. §1.50. [655 The title is well chosen. The dealings of the U. S. government with the Indians have been at almost every turn dishonorable. The author shows in a series of sketches based on treaties and official reports what our treatment of the various tribes has been. An ap- pendix tells of outrages committed on the Indians by the whites, and gives a variety of letters and reports showing the best side of the Indian character. Only one side of the case is presented, but it is the side little knovm. Mrs. Jackson was heart and soul in sympathy with the Indian. M. L. M. Jemison, Mrs. Mary. Seaver, James E. Narrative of the life of Mrs. Mary Jemison. Canandaigua, N. Y. 1824. Rev. ed. Bata- via, N. Y. 1842. 6th ed., with notes, etc., by Wm. P. Letchworth. N. Y. : Putnam. 1898. SI. 25. [656 A book that has grown. Originally (1st ed., Canan- daigua, 1824) Seaver's account of the life of Mary Jemison, as gathered from her own lips. She was captured by the Indians when a child (175,5), and lived with them, mostly in the Genesee valley and at Buffalo, until her death in 1833. Unique in character, invaluable as a record of its period in western N. Y., the book has been edited, annotated and augmented with new chapters by able hands — Ebenezer Mix, Wm. Clement Brj'ant, Lewis H. Morgan and others ; the latest American editions (Buffalo, 1877, and New York, 1898) were edited by the Hon. Wm. P. Letch- worth. F. H. S. " The best r^sum^ we have of incidents in the his- toi"y and common life of the Seneca Indians. Its tnithfulness is vouched for by such veracious testi- mony as that of Eli Parker, an educated chief of that nation." T. W. Field, Indian bibliography, p. 354. Kingsley, John Sterling, ed. Standard natural history. V. 6 : Naturalhistory of man. Boston : Cassino. 1885. Same : Riverside natural history. Bos- ton: Houghton, [c. 1888.] 6v. $30. V. 6: Man. [657 The section of interest in the present connection is that devoted to The races of America. The chapter treating of palaeolithic man is ba,sed on testimony now generally refuted by archaeologists, and the Eskimo and the North American Indians are treated as distinct peoples in accordance with methods now considered to be obsolete. On the whole the treatise was good in its day, but American ethnology has advanced since the work was prepared. Many misprints of proper names display careless editing. F. W. H. Kohl, Johann Georg. Kitchi-gami : wan- derings round Lake Superior ; [tr. by L. Wraxall]. London: Chapman. 1860. [658 " Under this repellant name, .suggestive of sensa- tional or fictitious writing, the eminent German trav- eller, Mr. Kohl, has given one of the most exhaustive and valuable treatises on Indian life ever written. It is wholly the result of personal experience, and one which only the most fervent scientific zeal and earnest self-abnegation, as well as a very high order of intelli- gence, could produce." T. W. Field, Indian bibliography, p. 205. Lafitau, Joseph Francois. Mceurs des sauvages ameriquains comparees aux mceurs des premiers temps. Paris. 1724. 2v. [659 A Jesuit missionary among the Indians of Canada for many years, and later a professor of belles-lettres in France, Lafitau was well equipped for preparing a work of extreme value on the tribes with which he was so long in intimate contact. He succeeded in so far as his voliunes are a record of the manners and customs of the lower Canadian tribes, but they are weakened in an endeavor to prove, by certain parallels in planes of culture, that the American aborigines are descendants of the primitive inhabitants of Greece. F. W. H. McKenney, Col. Thomas Lorraine. Me- moirs, official and personal. N. Y. : Paine. 1846. [660 McKenney was appointed, in 1816, superintendent of L'nited States trade with the Indian tribes, and, in 1824, head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, where he served until forced to retire by Jackson. He had great faith in the fundamental worth of the Indian, and has much to say in regard to the "abominable abuse of power " of the government with the Indians. In 1826 he made an extensive trip in order to nego- tiate a treaty with the Chippewa Indians at Fond du Lac. The author's observations and anecdotes are entertaining, although the volume is fragmentary. Stories are told in regard to political life at Washing- ton during the administrations of Monroe, Adams, and Jackson which strikingly illustrate the corrup- tion in governmental contracts and the workings of the spoils system under Jackson. The second volume represents lectures on the Indians. See, below, His- tory of the Indian tribes by the author and James Hall. 3v. 1854. D. R. D. 45 661-668 AIMERICA AT LARGE McKenney, Col. Thomas Lorraine, and James Hall. History of the Indian tribes of North America, with 120 portraits from the Indian gallery at Washington. Phil. 1836- 44. 3v. New ed. Phil. : F. Rice. 1854. 3v. [66 1 The principal value of this work, which has ap- peared in both folio and quarto editions, lies in the colored lithographic reproductions of many Indian portraits collected between 1825 and \U9 by the "SVar Department, of which the Indian Office then formed a part. In the latter year the Indian Bureau was transferred to the Interior Department, while the paintings were deposited in the Smithsonian Institu- tion. ZMost of the ijortraits were made from life by Charles B. King, l)ut others were copies from ori- ginals by J. O. Lewis. The entire collection was destroyed in the burning of a portion of the Smith- sonian Institution, Jan. 24, 18()5, an unfortunate oc- currence which made McKenney and Hall's volumes of permanent value. The various biographies form- ing part of the work ai-e derived from authentic sources or from personal association with the living subjects. The His/on/ of the North American Indians, occupying part of the third volume, is unscientific and untrustworthy, although it contains many ex- tracts from worthier publications. The text of the entire work was highly regarded in its day on account of the extended experience of McKenney, who was appointed superintendent of U. S. trade with the Indians in 1810, and was placed in charge of the Office of Indian Affairs on its establishment in 1824. F. W. H. Maclean, John. Canadian savage folk. Toronto : Wm. Briggs. 1896. $2.50. [662 The author has had wide experience as a missionary among the Indians of Canada, yet the greater part of his book is compiled from other writings. Mr. Mac- lean has shown commendable discrimination in the selection of his extracts and familiarity with the best ethnographic literature relating to his field of work; nevertheless some parts of the book are far behind modern scientific knowledge. It is entertainingly written. F. W. H. Marshall, Orsamus Holmes. Historical writings relating to the early history of the west ; with introd. by William L. Stone. (Munsell's historical series, no. 15.) Albany: Munsell. 1887. !>6. [663 Chiefly studies of the aborigines of western New York, and of the French exjilorers who visited the region, in good part based on the author's researches in French archives. Consjjicuously conscientious work, accurate and thorough, the style not lacking literary grace. An " Index rerum," pp. 345-468, gives many hundreds of names local to the region, refer- ences to authorities, etc. F. II. S. Mason, Otis Tufton, ed. Miscellaneous papers relating to anthropology, from the Smithsonian report for 1881. Wash. 1883. [664 The first paper is a classified bibliography of an- thropological literature published in 1881. The re- ferences are confined mainly to works on America or by Americans or republications in America of impor- tant works. This pai)er is followed by others on the mounds, relics, rock inscriptions, etc., mainly those in the Mississippi valley. M. L. M. Matthews, Dr. Washington. Ethnogra- phy and philology of the llidatsa Indians. (U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey. Misc. pubs., no. 7.) Wash. 1877. Navaho legends, collected and tr., with introd., notes, etc. (Am. Folk-Lore Society. Memoirs, v. 5.) Boston : Houghton. 1897. $6 net. [665 "With thirty-five years of intimate association among Indians, as an army surgeon, mainly during a period in which they had been little affected by civilizing influences ; with unusual ability for ethnologic inves- tigation, and a love of truth and accuracy of detail, Dr. Matthews has necessarily produced works only of the highest scientific value. His writings on the Hidatsa (or Minitari) and the Navaho are everywhere recognized as the leading authorities on those Indians and as standard works on American ethnology. The two books display not only the author's industry and knowledge, but his delightful familiarity with good English. The Navaho legends is generously illustrated. F. W. H. Megapolensis, Johannes. Sketch of the Mohawk Indians. See New York Historical Society, sect. 353. [666 Morgan, Lewis Henry. Houses and house- life of the American aborigines. (U. S. Geog. and Geol. Survey. Contributions to North American ethnology, V. 4. ) Wash. 1881. [667 By the " Father of American Anthropology," who died in 1881. The work is of great interest and high importance. It embodied all the knowledge available at the time of publication, and even the subsequent advance made in the knowledge of the subject of which the book treats leaves little to be corrected. F. W. H. League of the Ilo-de-no-sau-nee, or Iro- quois. Rochester: Sage. 1851. Rev. bylL M. Lloyd. N. Y. : Dodd. 1903. 2v. §15. [668 Tins was the first thoroughly scientific work on the Indians ever published, but the advance made since in ethnologic investigation has somewhat lessened its value. Its place in ethnologic literature has become occupied to a large extent by Horatio Hale's Iroqimis hook of riles (sect. 647), although Morgan's work still contains much data of both historical and ethnologic importance not found in any other work. Morgan was the leading American ethnologist of his time, and was the fir.st to enter this field of research with a defi- nite scientific api)reciation of the problems which confronted him. He was adopted by the Scnecas, and during his life among them gained the knowledge incorporated in the work here titled. F. W. H. 46 ABORIGINES 669-675 Morse, Jedidiah. A report to the Secretary of War of the Uuitc otates, on Indian affairs, comprising a narrative of a tour in the sum- mer of 1830. New Haven. 1832. [669 The author, who was the father of S. F. B. Morse of telegraph fame, wa.s (li.stinKuisht'd as g;eo{;rai)her, liis- torian, and ilivine. Equiiiped with more than ordi- nary learning and keen sympathy for tlic red man, his otticial tour of the Indian country, within the limits of what was then the I'nited States, was made for the purpose of aseertainin;; and reporting on the actual condition of the aborigines for the benefit of the federal authorities. This rejiort contains far more information on the natives among whom he travelled than any work published up to that period, and it had great weight in the settlement of numerous Indian questions. F. W. 11. New York State. Assembly. Report of special committee to investigate the Indian problem of the state of New York, appointed 1888. Albany. 1889. [670 The committee, of which J. S. Whipple was chair- man, was appointed by an Assembly resolution of March 21, 1888, to investigate the social, moral and industrial condition 6f the Indians and their titles to the reservation lands. The report, transmitted to the Legislature Feb. 1, 1889, devotes 40 pages to a history of this people in New York with special reference to the complicated Ogden land claim. The remaining 39 pages of the report proper describe the conditions prevailing on the several reservations and are fol- lowed by appendices containing the full text of vari- ous national and state treaties with the New York Indians, land grants, legal decisions, and miscellane- ous matter connected with the subject. F. J. S. Nordenskiold, N. O. Gustaf. The cliff dwellers of the Mesa Verde, southwestern Col- orado, their pottery and implements ; tr. by D. Lloyd Morgan. Stockholm and Chicago : Nor- stedt. [1893.] §20. [671 It is surprising that the late young author should have produced such a highly creditable work after only a single season's study of these remarkable cliff ruins, and yet his contribution to the literature of this interesting field of American archaeology is one of the best that has ever been jiresented. In addition he has given a good summary of the characteristics of the Moki (Hopi) Indians of Arizona and of the condi- tion of the Pueblos of New Mexico at the time they were first visited by whites in 1540 (quoting largely from the narratives of Coronado's great expedition), as well as a brief review of our present knowledge of the Pueblo tribes. A supplementary chapter on the human remains found by Nordenskiold is contributed by Prof. G. Retzius. The volume is a large quarto, and as a piece of book-making has never been ex- celled by any work devoted to American archaeology. Most of the illustrations are magnificent. The trans- lation by Mr. Morgan was made from the author's manuscript before the latter's death; it has not been published in Swedish. F. W. H. Powers, Stephen. Tribes of California. (U. S. Geog. and Geol. Survey of the Rocky Mt. Region. Contributions to N. Am. ethno- logy, V. 3.) Wash. 1877. [672 The Indians of California were divided into a great number of distinct tribes. Mr. Powers locates these tribes, points out their relation one to another, and describes their customs and mode of life. He gives also a great many myths and stories. Tlie work is the result of months of living and travelling among the Indians. It is useful for reference, especially since many of the tribes no longer exist. M. L. M. Radisson, Pierre Esprit. Voyages, being an account of his travels and experiences among the North American Indians, 1652-84 ; with historical illustrations and introd. by Gid- eon D. Scull. Boston : Prince Soc. 1885. [673 An interesting portrayal of the Iroquoian and Al- gonquian tribes of Canada in the latter half of the 17th century, printed from transcriptions of the ori- ginal manuscripts. It is a quaint record of personal experiences and observations by a scholarly French- man, containing much valuable historical and ethno- logical detail. As in all early writings of this kind, however, the author's conclusions cannot always be regarded as sound. The editor has performed his part well, although the notes are not so copious as they might have been. F. W. H. Rink, Hinrich Johannes. The Eskimo tribes ; their distribution and characteristics, with a comparative vocabulary. (Meddelelser om Gronland, v. 11.) Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzel. London : Williams & Norgate. 1887. 4s. 6d. Tales and traditions of the Eskimo, with a sketch of their habits, religions, lan- guage, etc. ; tr. from the Danish by the author, ed. by R. Brown. Edin. : Blackwood. 1875. [674 This eminent authority, recently deceased, held several prominent positions under the Danish govern- ment which necessitated residence in and travel about the shores of Greenland during sixteen winters and twenty-two summers up to the time of the pub ication of his Tales and traditions. He is the highest authority on the Greenland Eskimo, and his books are excellent reading. F. W. H. Ruttenber, Edward Manning. History of the Indian tribes of Hudson's River. Al- bany : Munsell. 1872. [675 Displays a great deal of careful, discriminating study of the early authorities, and the unusual ability of its author as an historian. It has received high praise from scientific students. The etjnnology of some of the Indian names is faulty. The literary feature is good. F. W. H. Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe. Historical and statistical information respecting the history, 47 676-680 AMERICA AT LARGE condition and prospects of the Indian tribes of the United States ; prepared under the direc- tion of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Phil.: Lippincott. 1851-7. 6v. Myth of Hiawatha, and other oral le- gends of the Indians. Phil. : Lippincott. 185G. Notes on the Iroquois. Albany. 1847. Oneota ; or Characteristics of the red race ; from original notes and MSS. N. Y. 1844-5. 8pts. [Iv.] Personal memoirs of a residence of 30 years "vvith the Indian tribes on the American frontiers, 1812-42. Phil.: Lippincott. 1851. Report to the Secretary of State, trans- mitting census returns in relation to the In- dians : Census of the Iroquois. (N. Y. Senate.) Albany. 1846. [The official production of his Notes on the Iroquois, 1847. See above.] [676 In brief, the many writings of Schoolcraft may he regarded as of greater value to the advanced student of ethnology and archeology than to the general reader. Of wide experience among the Indians, par- ticularly the Ojibwa and the Iroquois, with full ac- quaintance with the most reliable observations that had been made among various tribes, and with more or less general learning, Schoolcraft has written much that will prove of permanent value ; but lacking in the scientitic discrimination for which such students of his i)eriod as Albert Gallatin and Lewis H. Morgan were noted, Schoolcraft weakened many of his ob- servations by false reasoning. Practically everything which he jircviously wrote on the Indians is embodied in his voluminous Historical and statistical irt formation, etc., prepared under governmental auspices. These six volumes contain a vast body of data pertaining to al- most every field of American ethnology. The material is badly arranged and poorly digested ; but the com- piler is scarcely to blame, since he was expected to produce at least a volume a year. The statistical in- formation, drawn from many sources, occupies a large part of the work and is valuable. Material for a sev- enth volume had l)ecn gathered, but the necessary means for its publication were not afforded; the IMS. is believed to be in the Library of Congress. In his Ojibwa studies Schoolcraft had the assistance of his first wife, an educated half-breed. Captain Eastman, U.S. A., of considerable Indian experience, prepared most of the illustrations for his largest production. V. W. H. The Mylh of Hiawatha "is a reproduction of Algic researches, printed in 1839, with some additions. Mr. Schoolcraft was not the only claimant for the honor of bringing to Mr. Longfellow's notice the Indian legends, from which the poet derived the foundation of his beautiful poem. Mr. Clark traces its origin to the Onondagas, the central tribe of the Iroquois." T. "W. Field, Indian bihliography, p. 352. Onedta " was originally published in numbers, subse- quently in the above form, and afterwards rearranged and printed under the title of The Imlian in his wigwam. In his personal narrative, the author has told us pre- cisely what no one cares to know, and omitted all that would possess any interest, — incidents of his per- sonal intercourse with the Indians." T. AV. Field, Indum bibliography, p. 352. The Report on the Iroquois " is the most valuable of Mr. Schoolcraft's works, having been executed after personal examination in an official capacity of all the tribes inhaliiting New York. There is an almost en- tire absence of the speculative and sentimental cogi- tations which so greatly marred his works." T. W. Field, Indian bibliography, p. 351. Smet, Pierre Jean de. Letters and sketches, with a narrative of a year's resi- dence among the Indian tribes of the Rocky Mountains. Phil. 1843. [677 Father de Smet .spent many years among the In- dians of the extreme northwest, among whom he seems to have become remarkably influential. His writings, shorn of their extreme religious bias, are of great interest and value. F. W. H. Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of Eth- nology, Johji W. Powell, director. Annual re- ports, 1879-. V. 1+. Wash. 1881-. [678 A series of volumes on American ethnology abun- dantly illustrated. Attention is given almost entirely to the natives of North America, their arts, architec- ture, customs, myths and rites. The object is to gather all possible information concerning our native tribes while it can be done. The sign language, picto- graphy, burial mounds, religious rites, stone imple- ments, etc., are described in the greatest detail. These papers are the result of original investigation and must always be one of the best sources of information on the subjects treated. Many of them are, however, far too long. Fewer words would convey the ideas and save the time and patience of the reader. M. L. M. Squier, Ephraim George. Historical and mythological traditions of the Algonquins, with a trans, of the " Walum-olum." (New York Hist. Soc.) [N. Y. 1848.] [679 Read before the N. T. Historical Society in June, 1848 ; imblished in the American review, n. s., vol. Ill, N. Y.,1849. Reprinted in "W. "SV. Beach's Indian miscel- lany (Albany. 1877), and in S. G. Drake's Aboriginal races of North America (N. Y. 1880). Superseded by I). G. Rrinton's The Lenape and their legends (Phil. 1885), in which the complete text of the original " Walara Olum," with translation, appears. F. AV. H. Tanner, John. James, Edwin. Narrative of the captivity and adventures of John Tan- ner, U. S. interpreter at the Saut de Saint Marie, during 30 years' residence amon^ the Indians, in the interior of North America. N. Y. 1830. [68o " Mr. James was a man of much information upon Indian affairs, and must have been able to discriminate between the probable and the uncertain portions of Tanner's narrative. The renegade himself (for he had 48 ABORIGINES 681-690 during his long sojourn among the Indians become even more savage than they) was a person of reten- tive memory and fair intelligence. His relation of his life among the northern Indians is probably the most minute if not authentic detail of their habits, modes of living, and social customs, ever printed." T. W. Field, Iiidian bibliography, p. 189. Thompson, Edward H. Archaeological research iu Yucatan. See American Antiqua- rian Society, sect. 236. [68i Tomo-Chi-Chi. Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Historical sketch of Tomo-Chi-Chi, Mico of the Yamacraws. Albanj^ 1868. [682 "The large-minded and heroic Indian chief, who welcomed Oglethorpe to the lands of his nation, and fed and protected the infant colony during those early years when disease and the Spaniards threatened its existence, well deserved a biography. No hero of the colonies of North America, even the loud boasting Captain John Smith, the zealous yet humane Roger Williams, or the noble Oglethorpe himself, better de- served an enduring monument than Tomo-Chi-Chi. . . . Mr. Jones has done full justice to his subject by fortifying the facts of his biography with undoubted authorities." T. W. Field, Indian bibliography, p. 195. Tracts relating to the attempts to convert to Christianity the Indians of New England. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 300. [683 United States. Congress. Joint special committee [on the] condition of the Indian tribes ; appointed under joint resolution of March 3d, 1865. Report, with an appendix. (U. S. 39th Cong. , 2d sess. , Senate report, no. 156.) Wash. 1867. [684 " This volume contains the evidence of the horrible massacre of unoffending Indians at Sand Creek. Nothing in Las Casas' relations of Spanish atrocities surpasses it." T. W. Field, Indian bibliography, p. 85. United States. Oeograp7iical and Geological Survey of (he Rocky Mountain Region. Contri- butions to North American ethnology. "Wash. 1877-93. V. 1-7 and 9. [685 It is probable that no other volumes will be issued in this series. The papers relate to the natives of North America and include studies of stone carv- ings, house architecture, social customs in various tribes, myths and stories in the native tongues with interlinear translations, dictionaries, and a study of a Maya manuscript. More than half of the material is linguistic and is the more valuable as it is becoming increasingly difficult to gather. M. L. M. Vetromile, Eugene. The Abnakis and their history ; or historical notices on the aborigines of Acadia. N. Y. 1866. [686 Father Vetromile (1819-1880) had lived for 8 years as a mission.iry among the Indians of whom his little book treats, having been assigned to them in 1858. His labors continued among the Abnaki for more than a quarter of a century, and he has been regarded as an authority on that tribe and its language ; beyond the treatment of this tribe, however, he must be regarded with caution. Like many missionary writers, he dis- plays extreme religious bias throughout. F. W. H, Walker, Brig. -Gen. Francis Amasa. The Indian (question. Boston : Osgood. 1874. [687 A scholarly treatise by a well-known statistician and economist, recently deceased. During 1870-71 General Walker was U. S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs, a pt)sition which afforded ample opportunity for study- ing the relations of the Indians with the Federal Gov- ernment as they then existed. A section of the book is devoted to " Indian civilization," and another to "An account of the tribes" — the latter, mainly sta- tistical, being comi)iled from official data. The book gives an excellent account of the policy of the United States toward the aborigines, and offers valuable sug- gestions. It contains a map showing the western reservations, tribal ranges, and areas of white popula- tion. F. AV. H. Wallace, Mrs. Susan Elston. The land of the pueblos. N. Y. : Alden. 1888. [688 By the wife of Gen. Lew Wallace who was Gov- ernor of New Mexico in 1878-81. The author's experi- ence with the Pueblo Indians was evidently very lim- ited, and her knowledge of the history of New INIexico even moi'e so. The book contains so many glaring misstatements that it would prove misleading to any one in search of information regarding its subject. The style is light. F. W. H. Washington, Anthropological Society of. American anthropologist. (Quarterly.) Wash. 1888-95. Illus., maps. 8v. §8 ea. (Monthly.) 1896-98. V. 9-11. §2 ea. Transactions, 1879-85. Wash. 1882-5. 3v. $1 ea. Same, v. 1, 3. ' untrustworthy.] For Colum- bus, Herrera copied Las Casas. For the later history he used documents now lost. An important work but hastily and uncritically written. The stock source for the general historians of other countries. The reader will find a penetrating criticism of these histories in the prologo to Munoz' Historia del nuevo mundo, the first history of the new world to be written by an historical critic of a high order. (^Madrid. 1793. Eng. trans. Lond. 1797. Fluent but lacks pre- cision.) Their contributions to our knowledge of Columbus are examined in Harrisse's Chriis- tophe Colomb, I, 85-135. Their general charac- teristics are discussed in ]Markham's Columbus, pp. 328-334 ; and in Bancroft's Central America, I, 309-317. E. G. B. [710 Behaim, Martin. Ghill.'Vny, Friedrich WiLHELM. Geschichte des Seefahrers Ritter Martin Behaim nach den altesten vorhaudenen 51 711-717 AMERICA AT LARGE Urkunden bearbeitet; eingeleitet durch eine Abhandlung: uber die altesten Karten des neuen Continents und den Namen Amerika von Alexander von llumboldt. Nuruberg. 1853. [7" A highly important contribution to the histoiy of the discoveries. Humboldt's essay is a succinct pre- sentation of the results of his studies in the history of the earliest maps of the new world, which were to form the closing jiart of the third division of his Examen de la giograplde du iiouveau continent, but which were never published. Ghillany's monograph on the career of Martin Behaim is a masterly piece of inves- tigation of all the materials i)rinted and unprinted that could be collected in Germany and Portugal. In an appendix is a small collection of letters of Behaim and his family, a translation of essays on Behaim by two Portuguese scholars, Trigozo and GaryHo-Stockler. Behaim's globe is reproduced in two plane spheres of the actual size of the original with all the inscriptions legible. E. G. B. Boston, Public Library of the City of. Early explorations in America. (In Bulletins. 1875-78. V. 3, pp. 103-6, 136-41, 305-9, 241-4.) [712 The main heads of this list are: — The Cabots, Juan de la Cosa, Amcricus Ycspucius, Maps and explora- tions, America in the loth centurj', Gomez, Verrazzano, Southern sea, Pizarro, Cartier, Notes of Americana, Early English explorations. It forms a sketch of the subject with bibliographical and critical notes on its literature. The works mentioned, with a few excep- tions (mostly maps), are in the library. Cronau, Rudolf. Amerika, die' Geschi elite seiner Entdeckuug. Leipzig. 1892. 2v. M. 24. [713 A richly illustrated work of a popular character by a German artist and newspaper correspondent. It be- gins with a sketch of prehistoric America, then fol- lows an account, uncritical in character, of the pre- Columbian voyages. The ordinary range of contents of books in this, field, Cronau has extended to include Polar expeditions aiul the exploration of the west. He has personally travelled over a very large part of the western hemisphere, and most of the illustrations of scenery are fi-om his own drawings. A final chap- ter reviews the literature of American travel. These volumes are not the product of critical historical scholarship, but the author's extensive travels and readiness with pen and pencil have enabled him to write an attractive work for the general reader. E. G. B. Fiske, John. The discovery of America; with some account of ancient America and the Spanish conquest. Boston : Houghton. 1892. 2v. S4. [714 A rare comlunation of thorough scholarship, well- balanced judgment and literary charm characterize this work. A distinctive feature is the thoroughgoing application of the theory of evolution to explain the featmes of primitive culture in America, which is 52 thereby correlated with the general evolution of human civilization. ijVIr. Fiske's defence of the authenticity of the first voyage of Amerigo Vespucci and his belief in the Zeni voyages are not in accord with the prevalent view of scholars, and his presentation of these ques- tions is misleading as to the relative strength of the case for and against.\ E. G. B. Gaffarel, Paul. Ilistoire de la decoxiverte de rAnicrique, dcpuis les origines jusqu'Ji la mort de Christophe Colomb. Paris: Rousseau. 1892. 3v. 18fr. [715 The first volume of this work covers the field to which Humboldt devoted a large part of his Examen de la geographic du nouveau continent — the literary and ar- chiKological evidence advanced in favor of pre-Colum- bian voyages and the geographical ideas of the Middle Ages. Gaffarel's clear and orderly method of exposi- tion and his abundant and systematic references to the literature of the subject make his book a very satis- factory guide. (The fullest treatment of this field for the English reader is in Winsor, I, pp. 1-132.) Gaffarel verges to the credulous at times in his attitude to- ward the evidence. Vol. 2 is devoted to the life of Columbus and to the discoveries down to his death. As in vol. 1 the narrative is clear and the references full and very serAiceable. The shortcoming of Gaf- farel's work is the lack of rigorous and penetrating criticism of evidence. Of this his acceptance of 1494 as the date of the first Cabot voyage is a good ex- ample. E. G. B. Hakluyt, Richard, ed. Divers voyages touching the discouerie of America and the ilands adiacent. London. 1582. Same ; ed. with notes and introd. by John Winter Jones. London: Hakluyt Soc. 1850. [716 The earliest contribution of Hakluyt to the cause of English colonization, to promote which he devoted his life. The most important pieces are Robert Thome's account of the Sijanish and Portuguese discoveries (1527), the narrative of Verrazano's voyage, Ribault's Discovery of Florida (the original text is lost), the voy- ages of the Zeno brothers, some brief manuals of directions for voyages of discovery, and notes on the places where spices grow, prices of precious stones, etc. It was in this volume that the letters ])atent of Henry VII to John Cabot and his sons were first pub- lished. The editor gives in his introduction most of the comparatively little that is known of Hakluj-t's life. The contents of the volume are included by Goldsmid in his new ed. of Hakluj-t's Principal navi- gations, E. G. B. Principall navigations, voiages and dis- coveries of the English nation. London. 1589. Principal navigations, voyages, traf- fiques and discoveries; ed. by Edmund Gold- smid. Edin. : E. and G. Goldsmid. 1884-90. 16v. Subs. V. 12-15 : America. V. 16 : Voy- ages of circumnavigation. [717 Hakluyt's Principal navigations was the fruit of a life devoted to promoting the cause of English coloniza- EUROPEAN EXPLORATION — COLLECTIONS 718-723 tion and commerce by disseminating knowledge about, and stimulating interest in, all the less known or recently discovered parts of the world. This great repository of exi>lorations, travels, and adventures " within the compasse of these 1500 years " was aptly styled by Mr. Froude " the prose epic of the modern English nation." The earlier editions are scarce and expensive. In Goldsinid's edition the contents have» been carefully rearranged according to a geographical classification, and Ilakluyt's other works not originally included in his collection arc incorporated. The matter relating to America is in vols. 12-16. The range of this can be gathered from the fact that in the third vol. of the ed. of IGOO Hakluyt got together 243 narratives of voyages or travels in the new world. Goldsmid's edition is well provided with indexes and tables of contents, and is of more convenient size than the earlier ones. E. G. B. [Selected papers.] See New-York His- torical Society, sect. 353. [718 Harrisse, Henry. Diplomatic history of America ; its first chapter, 1453-94. London : B. F. Stevens. 1897. K Y. : Dodd. 1898. Net $2.50. [719 This first chapter of an extended discussion of the political relations in which the discovery of America involved the European powers is the most thorough and critical examination that we have of the Papal grants to Portugal in 1452 and later, of the demarca- tion Bulls of Alexander VI, 1493, and of the treaty of Tordesillas, 1494. Mr. Harrisse also gives a careful de- termination of the true location of the demarcation line. E. Cx. B. Discovery of North America : a critical, documentary, and historic investigation, with an essay on the early cartography of the new world. London : H. Stevens. 1893. $37.50. [720 The first part of this monumental work, the greatest contribution to the history of American geography since Humboldt's Examen, is a concise, critically Sifted presentation of the ascertained facts of the dis- covery and exploration of the coast of North America, down to 1525. ' The notes give the reader a clue to all the original sources and to the best modern discus- sions. The second and third parts on the early maps of the New World surpass in range and completeness all other treatises on the subject. In the fourth and fifth parts, — the chronological lists of voyages and the biographies of the pilots, — each notice is supplied with notes indicating the sources. For each phase of the history of the discoveries with which it deals, this work is an indispensable guide to the student and investigator. E. G. B. Higginson, Col. Thomas Wentworth. A book of American explorers. Boston : Lee & S. 1877. $1.50. Young folks' book of American ex- plorers. N. Y. : Longmans. $1.30. [721 " He has rightly conceived that the narrative sources of history can be made as clear and as interesting to the youthful mind as ' Robinson Crusoe ; ' and happily the size of our continent, and the fact that three nationalities took a leading part in its discovery and settlement, combine to give a fascinating variety to the relations that are available, partly in the quaint English of the original, partly in that of Hakluyt and others, and partly in the sympathetic versions of modern scholars. Mr. Higginson's selections . . . have been made with great discrimination, and often with a more subtle purpose than children, not on the look- out for historical ' side-lights,' will discover on the first or on the twentieth reading. The field covered is surprisingly wide for the size of the volume. Colum- bus, the Cabots and Verrazano, Cabeza de Vaca, Car- tier, De Soto, Kibaut and Laudonnifire, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, Capt. John Smith, Champlain, Hudson, the Pilgrims and the Puritans, appear in chronological sequence, telling their own stories or celebrated by contemporaries and associates. Every book or chapter is introduced by a statement of the authorities quoted, and brief footnotes, not too numerous, explain the hard words and otherwise illustrate and correct the text. In short, the plan and the performance are ad- mirable." Nation, 24 : 254. Humboldt, Alexander von. Cosmos; tr. by E. C. Otte et al. London: Bohn. 1847- 58. 5v. N. Y. : Harper. 1850-9. 5v. [722 The first six divisions of Part II of this great review of man's knowledge of the universe give a rapid sur- vey of the progress of geographical discovery from the earliest times to the sixteenth century, and of the results of these discoveries in the development of the various phases of civilization. The quickening of the intellectual life and the extension of scientific knowledge that came from the great military and exploring expeditions in history is nowhere else so impressively displayed. E. G. B. Examen critique de I'histoire de la geo- graphic du nouveau continent, et des progres de I'astronomie nautique aux quinzi^me et sei- ziSme siecles. Paris. 1836-8. 5v. Kritische Untersuchungen iiber die his- torische Entwickelung der geographischen Kenntnisse von der neuen Welt, etc. ; aus dem Franzosischen iibersetzt von J. L. Ideler. Berlin. 1853. 3v. [723 This pioneer and epoch-making book is the most important contribution of the century to the history of geographical ideas and knowledge relating to the discoverj' of America. According to Humboldt's de- sign the work was to consist of four parts, but he completed only the first two (for the results collected for a portion of Part III, see Ghillany's Behaim, sect. 711), which take up the causes contributing to the discovery of America and the work of Cohnnbus and Vespucci and the chronology of the discoveries. The most original part of the work was its i-evelation of the stock ideas about the world which formed the basis of Columbus's reasoning. Another striking contribution was the discovery of the origin of the name America, and the proof that Vespucci was in no way responsible for its being attached to the new world. The German edition is the best for use as it is provided with an 53 724-731 AlVIERICA AT LARGE index of 120 pages, while the French edition is a maze without a clue save the titles of the two parts. The English reader will find in the second volume of Hum- boldt's Cosmos some of the most important discussions of the Examen. E. G. B. Jacobs, Joseph. Story of geographical discovery. (Library of useful stories.) N. Y. : Appleton. 1899. 40c. [724 A popular sketch on much the same scale as Keane's, and like that based on the common secondarj' authori- ties, but covering the liistoiy of exploratiim down to the present. The maps are less well executed than in Keane's book. A useful feature is the Annals of discovery — a chronological and a classified table of discoveries from the earliest times. The author has command of a more extensive literature in this field than Keane, but his references very inadequately re- present even the best secondary authorities. E. G. B. Keane, John. Evolution of geography : a sketch of tlie rise and progress of geographi- cal knowledge, to the first circumnavigation of the globe. London : Stanford. 1899. 6s. [72s A popular survey of the same field revieweil by Kretschmer. The author was very inadequately equipped for the task, as is revealed by his text and' his bibliography. His naiTative is clear and readable and the facsimiles of the maps are well executed, but it would not be safe to rely upon his statements in regard to critical or doubtful questions. E. G. B. Kerr, Robert, ed. General history and col- lection of voyages and travels. Edin. 1811- 24. 18v. [726 This collection of voyages, like the earlier ones of Astley and Churchill and the later one of Pinkerton, contains a large number of narratives derived from Hakluji;. The student of American history will find in Kerr's collection the voyages of the Zeni (which the editor believes fictitious), Galvano's treatise on the discoveries (Hakluyt's version rewritten but not com- pared with the Portuguese), Cada Mosto's voyages, vol. 2, Ferdinand Columbus' life of his father, Her- rera's account of Columbus, the voyages of Vespucci, trans, from the Latin as published by Grynaeus, and in vol. G the early English voyages to America, mostly from Hakluyt. E. G. B. Kohl, Johann Georg. Popular history of the discovery of America, from Columbus to Franklin ; tr. by II. R. Noel. London : Cliap- man. 1862. 2v. [727 Besides the matter ordinarily to be found in his- tories of the discovery of America this work gives an account of the Russian explorations which resulted in the possession of Siberia and Alaska, and a review of Arctic exploration from 1572-1850. Tlie final chap- ter entitled Concluding ohservations on the residts of the discoveiy of America to commerce, navigation, science, reli- gion and politics, is singularly rich in suggestion and instruction. E. G. B. Amerika's in ihrer Bedeutung fiir die Ge- schichte des Weltbildes. Berlin : Kiihl. 1892. With atlas. M. 75. [728 A Columbian memorial of the German Geographical Society. An arevious writers was noted by ^Mufioz in the prologo of his Historia del nuevo mondo, 1793. E. G. B. Berchet, Guglielmo, Fonti italiani per la storiadclla scoperta del nuovo mondo. I. Car- teggi diplomatici. II. Narrazione sincroue 59 764-771 AMERICA AT LARGE (Raccolta colombiana, pt. 3, v. 1-2 ; see sect. 699 above.) Roma. 1893. [764 The first of these voUimes contains every reference to the discoverj- of the new world in Italian diplomatic correspondence down to 1536, comprising in all about 140 passages. Much of this material is new and printed for the first time. The most important single piece is the letter of Angelo Trevisan written in 1501 to Mali- piero, which formed the ha-sis of the famous Libretto di tutta la nmiyazione de re di Spngna, of which only a single copy is extant. This letter contains the oldest descrip- tion of Columbus's personal appearance. In substance it is a translation several years before its publication of Peter Martyr's first Decatie. The second volume com- prises all the passages in books and MSS. by Italian writers down to 1550 which refer to Columbus or the dis- covery of America, excepting Peter Martyr's Decades, of which a full table of contents is given. Some of these books are extremely rare. The text of the unique copy of the Libretto (see above) is reprinted, as are all the relevant passages of Peter Martyr's letters, the letters of Vespucci, Giustiniani's sketch of Colum- bus's life, Verrazano's letter, etc. These volumes pre- sent more new material than any others of the Raccolta and make generally accessible much which, although known, wa-s beyond the reach of all but the most fa- vored scholars. E. G. B. Casas, Bartolom^ de las. Coleccion de las obras del obispo de Chiapa, ed. by J. A. Llo- rente. Paris. 1833. 2v. In Spanish and also in French, 3v. [765 A useful reprint of the more important of Las Casas' publications (not including the Historia), with some pieces not before printed. " Las Casas stands justly chargeable with enormous exaggerations of the number or estimate of the vic- tims of Spanish cruelty. Hut I have not met with a single case in any contemporai-y writer, nor in the challengers and opponents of his pleadings at the Court of Spain, in which his hideous portrayal of the forms and methods of that cruelty, its dreadful and revolting tortures and mutilations, have been brought under question." G. E. Ellis, in Narrative and critical hist, of America, 2 : 313. Ilistoria de las Indias. Madrid : Real academia de la historia, 1875-6. 5f. [Also forms vols. 63-64 of Coleccion de documentos ineditos para la historia de Espana, sect. 702.] [766 Brings the histor\' of Spanish America to 1520. Largely written from jiersonal observation. Other- wise based on documents many of which have since been lost. 'Written with prejudice against the con- querors, this work Is the foundation of a large part of later accounts of the period. E. C. See, also, sect. 708. — Helps, Sir AnTnuR. Life of Las Casas, "The apostle of the Indies." Phil.: Lippin- cott. 1868. [767 This " life, which was constructed mainly by the son of Arthur Helps out of The Spanish conquest in Amer- ica by the father, is the most considerable account in English. The larger work was written in a spirit readily appreciative of the character of Las Casas, and he is made such a centre of interest in it as easily to favor the excision of parts of it to form the lesser book. . . . The great friend of the Indian is mainly, however, to be drawn from his own writings." Justin Winsor, yarrative and critical hiit. of Am., 2: 343. Colombo, Cristoforo. Scritti ; pubblicati ed illustrati da Cesare de LoUis. (Raccolta colombiana, pt. 1. See sect. 699.) Roma. 1894. [768 A critical edition of all the writings of Columbus, arranged chronologically, with elaborate introductions to each document. Where known writings have been lost, e. g. the journals of the second voyage, the editor prints texts which he believes faithful abstracts or transcripts : e. g. for the journal of the second voyage he prints in parallel columns the narratives of Fer- nando Colombo and Las Casas as immediately derived from it. All the quotations imbedded in the Historic and in Las Casas' Historia de las Indias are given in their proper order. The marginal notes that Columbus made in his copy of CuTdinald'Ailly'sImngommidiand in his Marco Polo are now made accessible to the stu- dent. The third volume is devoted to photographic fac-similes of every piece of vrriting known from the hand of Columbus excepting those printed in the Au- lografas de Cristobal Colon. The text of the new letters, etc., of Columbus in the Autogrofas Lollis was able to include. This great work must remain an indispen- sable source to the critical student of Columbus. Al- though not much of this material is strictly new, much of it has been relatively inaccessible from its being widely scattered. E. G. B. Select letters, with other original docu- ments ; tr. and ed. by R. H. Major. London : Hakluyt Soc. 1847. 2d ed. 1870. [769 Contemporary narratives by Columbus or his com- panions of his four voyages to America, preceded by a critical review of the career of Columlius and the sources of his inspiration. The letters are jirinted in both the original Spanish and in a careful English version. There is also a bibliography of the fifteenth century editions of Columbus' first letter. The pri- mary source of the larger part of our knowledge of Columbus' life and work. E. G. B. Writings descriptive of the discovery and occupation of the new world ; ed. by Paul Leicester Ford. N. Y. : Webster. 1892. [770 A more comprehensive collection than that of Major^ containing English translations only, which are by various hands. Besides letters the editor has included the will of Columbus, his deed of entail and the priv- ileges of Columbus (1497 and 1501). These documents illustrate the beginnings of the Spanish colonial system. E. G. B. — Adams, Charles Kendall. Christo- pher Columbus, his life and his work. (Makers of America.) N. Y. : Dodd. 1892. §1. [771 An excellent brief life, written in an impartial spirit. The author, although not a si)ecialist in this period, has approached his material as an ex- 60 EUROPEAN EXPLORATION — SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE 772-776 peiiencod historical student and teacher, and has clearly discriminated in his narrative between the ascertained, the probable and the legendary elements of the body of fact and report that have come down to us as the life of Columbus. In general he has been guiiled by the results of Harrisse's researches. Too much significance is given to Cronau's study of the landfall and the actual resting-place of Columbus' remains. E. G. IJ. — Belgrano, L. T. , e M. Staglieno, eds. Documenti relativi a Cristoforo Colombo e alia sua famiglia. (Raccolta colombiana, pt. 2, V. 1.) Roma. 1896. [772 This volume contains all the known documents of a non-public character which refer to Columbus, his family, his ancestors and his descendants, excepting such of his own writings as were included in the pre- ceding vols, of the Raccolta. The critical introduction is by Staglieno on the basis of the labors of Uelgrano. The larger part of the earlier documents from the no- tarial records of Savona and Genoa were discovered by Staglieno, and a considerable number are here published for the first time. Harrisse published a good many of those notarial records in the second vol. of his Christophe Colomb. The Spanish documents were, many of them, unearthed by Harrisse and pub- lished by him. There is a full index to this volume and a genealogical tree with dates recording suc- cinctly the material in these records. E. G. B. — Belgrano, L. T., e M. Staglieno, eds. II codice dd privilegi di Cristoforo Colombo ; editosecondoimanoscritti di Genova, di Parigi e di Providence. (Raccolta colombiana, pt. 2, V. 2.) Roma. 1894. — Spotorno, G. B., tr. Codice diploma- tico colombo-americano, etc. Genoa. 1823. ^Memorials of Columbus ; or A collec- tion of authentic documents. London. 1823. [773 ' Columbus had several authenticated copies made of the royal documents which conferred upon him his official dignities and privileges relating to his voyages, discoveries and riglits and duties as Admiral of the Indies. One of these copies came into the possession of the republic of Genoa in 1670, and was published in 1823. Spotorno jirefixed a brief life of Columbus, ■which is in the English translation, and gave an Italian translation of the documents. Belgrano and Staglieno assure the student that they have repro- duced the text of the MS. with scrupulous fidelity ex- cepting as regards forms of letters like u and v, and affirm that Spotorno's text is in places incorrect. These documents were also published by Navarrete in the second vol. of his Collecion from the MS. which Columbus retained and which went to his heirs. E. G. B. — Boston, Public Library of the City OF. Columbus : a list of the writings of Christo- pher Columbus and of the works relating to him in the possession of the library. (In Bulletins. 1892-93. V. 11, pp. 221-33.) [774 A list of his maps, letters and other writings, mainly in Spanish. The works about him concern his life, family, burial place, bibliography, portraits, etc., and include references to periodicals. — Colombo, Fernando. Historic del S. D. Fernando Colombo; nelle quail s'ha partico- lare et vera relatione della vita, et de' fatti deir Ammiraglio Christoforo Colombo, suo padre, etc. Venetia. 1571. [Several subse- quent editions, the latest, London : Dulau. 1867.] History of the life and actions of Ad- miral Christopher Columbus, etc., written by his own son. (In Churchill's Voyages, 2 : 501- 628 ; the same, cd. of 1744, 2: 481-604; Kerr's Voyages, 3 : 1-242 ; Pinkerton's Voyages, 12 : 1-155.) [775 The source of the traditional accounts of Columbus and for the period before 1492 of most of the legendary matter rejected by Harrisse and other modern schol- ars. The Spanish original was never published and the MS. is not extant. The impossibility of reconcil- ing the account of the earlier life of Columbus given in this biography with the facts established by docu- ments discovered by himself and others, has led Har- risse to deny its authenticity. That Las Casas took over almost all of the earlier chapters into his Historia de las Indlax is the strongest argument of the defend- ers of Ferdinand's authorship. The drift of present critical opinion is in favor of accepting the book as the work of Ferdinand. Its trustworthiness, how- ever, for the period where it should be most useful, before 1492, is shattered. For a brief account of the controversial literature, see K. Haebler, Historische Zeitschrift, 57: 223-5; 74 : 239^0. The Italian text of the London ed. of 1869 does not conform faithfully to that of the original edition of 1571. The English translation was originally prepared for Churchill's Voi/ages. It is a readable and tolerably faithful ren- dering. Pinkerton reprinted the Churchill text with- out cliange. For Kerr's Voyages the division into short cliapters was dropped and the text revised, yet with- out consulting the original ( !). The Spanish transla- tion printed by Barcia in his Historiadores primilivos and reprinted in Madrid, 1892, is pronounced " mali- sima" by Mufioz. E. G. B. — Harrisse, Henry. Christophe Colomb devant I'histoire. Paris: Welter. 1892. lOfr. [776 The first part of this book is devoted to a sarcastic running commentary on some of the curiosities of the Columbian celebration, the fictitious relics, etc.; then follows a brief statement of the results of the author's investigations in regard to the disputed questions relating to Columbus' life, and an estimate of liis work. In this last he defends Columbus from the dis- paragements of some recent biographers. The review of the ascertained facts is called forth by the super- ficial, uncritical, mistaken, and legendary character of nmch that was written about Columbus at the time of the celebration. There are full notes. E. G. B. 61 777-781 AMERICA AT LARGE — Hakrisse, Henry. Christoplie Colomb, son origine, sa vie, ses voyages, sa famille et ses descendants ; d'apres des documents inedits tires des archives de Genes, de Savone, de Se- ville et de Madrid : etudes d'histoire critique. Paris: Leroux. 1884-5. 2v. lOOfr. [777 Tlie most important critical study ever devoted to the life of Columbus, and an indispensable guide to every student of the problems of his career. A most valual)le feature is the elaborate critical discussion of all the known sources very systematically arranged. The title indicates clearly the scope of the body of the work. Footnotes provide the scholar with the ma- terials for checking the author's results. The inves- tigations in regard to Columbus' family have been especially exhaustive. A large number of hitherto unprinted documents are given in the Appendices. Besides this monumental work Harrisse has printed a large number of monographs and articles relating to Columbus and to his family. A chronological list is appended to his Diplomatic history of America. In AVin- sor, Nar. and crit. hist., II, 88-92, the new material and conclusions of Harrisse are epitomized. E. G. B. — Irving, Washington. Life and voyages of Christopher Columbus ; to which are added those of his companions. N. Y. : Putnam. 1828. 4v. Various editions. [778 " Washington Irving . . . being in Bordeaux in the winter of 1825-26, was informed by Alexander Everett, the United States Minister in Spain, that Jsavarrete was about to publish his famous Collection of Docu- ments. Irving immediately planned a translation of it into English, and went to Madrid for the purpose. Upon his arrival, however, he changed his mind and wrote this fine History of Christopher Columbus, which, all in all, has never been equalled. . . . Irving studied with care almost all the documents relative to Colum- bus that were then known, and the genuineness of his researcli is proved by the frequent quotations from the histories of Las Casas, Oviedo, and Bernaldes, then unpublished and known to exist in only two or' three copies. Irving's work has more than merely literary merit. It is a history written with judgment and inii)artiality which leaves far behind all the de- scriptions of the discovery of the New World pub- lished before or since." Henry Harrisse, in his Christophe Colomb (Paris. 1884), I, p. 13G. " Having the opportunity of examining excellent books and valuable manuscripts, of consulting spe- cialists in this lield, of using at every turn the au- thentic documents which we had just published, Irving has succeeded in giving his History a. range and degree of impartiality and accuracy which place it far ahead of all writers who have preceded him." Navarrete, in the introduction to the third vol. of his Coleccion de los viages y descuhrimientos, i)p. xiii-,\iv. The publication of Navarrote's third volume was closely followed by Irving's f'oyages of the companions of Columbus which is closely based upon it. In addi- tion to the contemporary verdict of Navarrete and to that of Harrisse it is only necessary to remark that the progress of critical scholarship and the publica- tion of the sources since Irving's time have diminished the value of Irving's work for the student in tlie same way that they have diminished the value of Prescott's Ferdinand and Isabella. Irving, too, did not draw characters with the realistic fidelity now in favor. He smoothed his portrait of Columbus, and defects are passed over in silence or left obscure in the back- ground. — I\ATSERLrNG, Meter. Christopher Co- lumbus and the participation of the Jews in the Spanish and Portuguese discoveries ; tr. from author's MS. by Charles Gross. N. Y. : Longmans. 1895. $1.25. [779 An interesting contribution to Jewish history and sidelight on the history of the discoveries. The author, after many years of study of the history of the Jews in Spain, undertook the special investigation of which this book is the result. It is based on an examination of a wide range of material. It is not, however, the work of a specialist in the history of the discoveries and is consequently not free from errors and hazard- ous conclusions. And it might further be said that if the author had been as well versed in the ancient his- tory of Israel, as disclosed by modern criticism, as he is in the history of.the Spanish Jews, he could not have treated so respectfully the idea that the aborigines of America might be descended from the " Lost Tribes " of Israel. In the appendix are about forty pages of hitherto imprinted documents from the Spanish Ar- chives illustrating the relations of the Santangel fam- ily to the kings of Aragon and showing how the king met the expenses of Columbus' second voyage from the confiscated property of the Jews. E. G. B. — Markham, Si?' Clements Robert. Life of Christopher Columbus. Loudon: Philip. 1892. 4s. 6d. [780 Author a careful and conscientious student and translator of Spanish sources. The Life is impartial, readable, and accurate. The best brief account in English of the discovery of America. E. C. — Roselly de Lorgues, Antoine Fran- (jois Felix. Christophe Colomb: histoire de sa vie et de ses voyages, d'apres des documents authentiques tires d'Espagne etd'Italie. Paris. 1856. 2v. 8e ed. 1886. Life of Christopher Columbus, from Spanish and Italian documents ; comp. from the French of Roselly de Lorgues by J. J. Barry. Boston : Donahoe. 1870. [781 An idealized picture of Columbus as a hero of the Church and deserving of sainthood. The author de- voted himself to securing if possible the canonization of Columbus, and has become the accepted authority on Columbus of many of the Catholic religious writers. His forced interjiretations, his ignoring counter evi- dence, and lack of sound criticism render this and the other works that he wrote in the same cause com- pletely untrustworthy. Barry's Life is an abridg- ment and adajttation. Another presentation of Rosel- ly's material in an engaging narrative is the Life of Christopher Columbus by Arthur George Knight. Lon- don. 1877. E. G. B. — Tarducci, Francesco. Life of Chris- 62 EUROPEAN EXPLORATION — SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE 782-789 topher Columbus ; tr. from the Italian by H. F. Browuson. Detroit : H. F. Brownson, 1890. 2v. $2. [782 A very readable detailed narrative designed for the general public. Tarducci approaches his subject in the spirit of Irving. He is not a specialist in this ticld, and, in accordance with the aim in view, lie does not discuss at any length the doubtful questions. In re- gard to some of them, in fact, he does not seem to be familiar with the latest investigations. It is strictly a life of Columbus, and little attention is given to the general history of the discoveries. There is no index. E. G. B. — WiNSOR, Justin. Christopher Columbus, and how he received and imparted the spirit of discovery. Boston : Houghton. 1891. $4. [783 Contains not only a detailed account of Columbus' achievements, but also a mass of bibliographical and cartographical detail of great value. Based on careful study of printed sources. Written in a spirit of hos- tility to Columbus. Style often hard to understand. Eden, Richard. The decades of the newe worlde or West India. London. 1555. Decades 1-3. (In Arber, E. , ed. First three English books on America. Birmingham. 1885. N. Y. : Macmillan. S6.0O.) [784 The first English collection of voyages and the main source of English knowledge of the new world before Hakluyt. The contents relating to America are the first three Decades of Peter MartjT (see sect. 761), a long extract from Oviedo's Natural history of the West Indies (manners and customs, flora, fauna and min- erals), an epitome of Pigafetta's narrative of Magel- lan's voyage, a statement of the jDrices of precious stones and spices, Gomara's description of the con- ference at Badajos in 1524 to determine the demarca- tion line, and Gomara's account of Columbus and the earlier discoveries. Mr. Arber's introduction contains a very careful review of Eden's career. The First and Second English books are of more interest as literary and historical curiosities than as presenting primary sources to the English student. The Second is a trans- lation by Eden from Sebastian Munster's Cosmography. E. G. B. Herrera Tordesillas, Antonio de. De- scripcion de las Indias ocidentales. Madrid. 1730. 4v. [785 Original ed. 1601 and 1G15. Best ed. by Barcia in 1730. Very poor translation of a portion, by John Stevens, in London in 6v. 1725-26. Various portions have been printed in translations, in collections of voyages, etc. Describes the years 1492-1554. Herrera was second " Chronicler of the Indies." His work is a painstaking compilation. It is arranged chronologically. Based on Las Casas, on conversations with explorers and conquerors, and on documents, many of which have Since disappeared. The best of the earlier Spanish compilations. 63 Magellan, Ferdinand. Guillemard, Fran- cis Henry Hill. Life of Ferdinand Magellan and the first circumnavigation of the globe, 1480-1521. London: Philip. 1891. 4s. 6d. [786 An admirable piece of work, based on a critical study of all the sources accessible, printed and un- printed. There are eight small facsimiles of the maps of Magellan's day, and in the appendices Magellan's genealogy, wills, a statement of the personnel of the fleet, a detailed statement of stock and equipment and the names of the crews that sur\'ived to circum- navigate the globe. The author's footnotes area com- plete guide to his sources. E. G. B. — Stanley op Alderley, Henry Edward John Stanley, 3d baron, tr. First voyage round the world, by Magellan ; tr. from the accounts of Pigafetta and other contemporary writers ; with documents, notes, etc. London : Hakluyt Soc. 1874. [787 This volume contains all the contemporary narra- tives of Magellan's voyage and the first circumnavi- gation of the globe. The most important is that of Pigafetta. Of the other five, two are from the hands of pilots of the voyage and the third is a letter from Maximilianus Transylvanus, a secretary of Charles V., to the Cardinal of Salzburg, written a few weeks after the " Victoria " reached Spain. The introduction con- tains an excellent short life of Magellan and trans- lations of the contracts that Magellan made with Charles V. E. G. B. Markham, Sir Clements Robert, tr. and ed. Journal of Christopher Columbus during his first voyage ; and documents relating to the voyages of John Cabot and Gasper Corte Real. London: Hakluyt Soc. 1893. [788 This volume contains what has come to be considered as the recognized standard English rendering of the Cabot documents. These are reprinted in American history leaflet, no. 9. Mr. Markham's valuable intro- duction should be compared with his address on Cabot printed in the Journal of the Royal Geographical Soci- ety for June, 1897. G. P. AV. Navarrete, Martin Fernandez de. Co- leccion de los viages y descubrimientos, que hicieron por mar los Espaiioles desde fines del siglo XV. Madrid. 1825-37. 5v. [789 Editor the most careful and successful of the Span- ish compilers. These vols, contain five hundred of the most imi^ortant documents relating to the period of discovery, 1400-1540. A^ol. Ill comi)rises the Viages menores of which Irving's Companions of Columbus is scarcely more than a free translation. Supplementary works published after Navarrete's death give the re- sults of his study of these documents and of other papers which were to form vols. V and VI. E. ('. Oviedo y Valdes, Gonzalo Fernandez de. Ilistoria general y natural de las Indias. [Com- plete edition, ed. by Jose Amados de los Rios.] 790-796 AMERICA AT LARGE Madrid: Real academia de la liistoria. 1851- 55. 4v. [790 Comprises the history of the Spaniards in America to the end of the first third of the sixteenth century, and inchides also tlie best memoir of Oviedo yet pub- lished. In later life Oviedo was the first " Chronicler of the Indies." He passed several years in Central America and West Indian Islands. He had ample knowledfic from ])crsonal experience, from conversa- tions with explorers and from access to official docu- ments. Oftentimes prejudiced, and sometimes care- less as to dates and sequence of events, his work is nevertheless a vast mine of information and indispen- sable to the student. It was only partly printed in the author's lifetime. Pacheco, Joaquin Francisco, F. de Car- denas, et al., eds. Coleccion de documentos ineditos relatives al descubrimiento, conquista, y colonizacion de las posessiones espaiioles en America y Occeania. Madrid. 1864-83. 42v. [791 A vast repository of documentary evidence, badly edited and arranged. Vol. 33 is an index to the first 32 vols. This work is being continued as Documentos ineditos . . . de ttUramar. Series II. No one can master the history of the Spanish conquest vsdthout a thorough knowledge of these volumes. United States. Commission to the Colum- bian liistorical exposition, Madrid, 1892-93. Report. Wash. 1895. [792 The exhiliition was held in November and Decem- ber, 1802, and January, 1893, under the auspices of the Spanish government, and was designed to exhibit American prehistoric remains, the characteristics of the American aborigines, and the results of European influence on America up to the middle of the 17th century. The United States Commission included Dr. George Brown Goode of the Smithsonian Insti- tution. Its report, besides describing the exposition as a whole, gives catalogues of the anthropological, ethnological, and other exhibits sent from the United States, but its most interesting feature is an account of the 77 portraits of Columbxis exhibited, reproduc- tions of many of which are given, as well as pictures of numerous Columbus statues and monuments. F. J. S. Vespucci, Amerigo. First four voyages of Amerigo Vespucci ; reproduced in facsimile with translation, introduction, etc. London: Quaritch. 1893. 3s. [793 A very convenient edition of the Soderini letter with an excellent translation. The editor is favorable to the authenticity of all "Vespucci's voyages, and be- lieves this letter to be " the only genuine piece of sustained composition which Vespucci has left." Quaritch's translation of this Soderini letter is more exact than Markham's. This translation of the first voyage and Markham's translation of the third voyage are in Old South leaflets, nos. 34 and 90. E. G. B. — Harrisse, Henry. Americus Vespuc- cius : a critical and documentary review of two recent English books [Letters of Vespucci ; tr. and ed. by Markliam, and Voyage from Lisbon to India, 1505-6, by Albericus Ves- puccius ; tr. and ed. by Coote]. London : B. F. Stevens. 1895. 250 copies. 12s. [794 The main object of the first book " was to throw dis- credit on the arguments of Varnhagen and Fiske, adduced in support of the alleged voyage of 1497 to America. Harrisse, whose opinions have veered from time to time on this disputed question, now decides that ' the accounts which have reached us, whether in Italian or Latin, are all liable to grave objections, which we certainly do not pretend to be in a position to remove.' ... It would seem, then, that Harrisse's present opinion is that Ves])uccius could have made the disputed voyage, though there is not indisputable evidence that he did make it." The second book was " issued originally in Flemish at Antwerp in Decem- ber, 1508, and reprinted in 1894 with annotations by C. H. Coote, accompanied by an argument to show that the author of it was Vespuccius." Mr. Harrisse concludes that the book was written by Balthazar Sprenger, who accompanied Almeida in 1505. The Antwerp publisher altered dates and text and pub- lished it under the name of Vespuccius. In the present aspect of the evidence Mr. Harrisse's views " must stand till some better solution of the enigma can be found. Mr. Coote has not certainly made out his case. Mr. Harrisse has come very near making one out." Nation, 61 : 17. — Lester, Cftarles Edwards, and An- drew Foster. Life and voyages of Ameri- cus Vespucius. N. Y. : Baker & Scribner. 1846. [795 The author was attracted to his subject while con- sul at Genoa, but he lacked the critical training to produce a work abreast of the scholarship of his day. To-day the work is entirely out of date and would mis- lead and waste the time of any one beginning a study of the subject. It may still be serviceable, however, in a measure, from the translations which it contains of Vespucius's letters to one who cannot consult the work of Varnhagen, Markham, or Quaritch's First four voyages. To the more advanced student it is of some value as a compendium of the materials and views in the works of Bandini, Bartolozzi, and Canovai, who championed the cause of Vesjiucius in the last cen- tury. Canovai's famous eulogy is given in translation in an ai>i)endix. Another ap])endix gives Toscanelli's letters to Columbus. Bandini's Life of Vespucci has recently been republished with notes by llzielli and a bibliography by Fumagalli. Florence. 1898. E. G. B. — Markham, Sir Clements Robert, tr. Letters of Amerigo Vespucci and other docu- ments illustrative of his career ; tr. with notes and an introd. London : Hakluyt Soc. 1894. [796 64 EUROPEAN EXPLORATION - ENGLISH, DUTCH, FRENCH, ETC. 797-802 This volume contains translations of Vespucci's two letters, of the most important documents in Na- varrete respecting him, and Las Casas's detailed criti- cisms of Vespucci's claims. The last is new and im- portant material for the English reader. Markham thoroughly distrusts Vespucci's narratives and in his introduction rejects without hesitation the first voy- age. He attaches almost decisive importance to Las Casas's confutation and rejection of Vespucci's story as coming from an honest writer with ample oppor- tunities of knowing tlie truth. Markham's transla- tion is less exact than that of Quaritch in The first four voyages. E. G. B. — Santarem, Manorl Francisco de Bar- Ros Y Souza, visconde, de. Researches respect- ing Americus Vespiicius and his voyages ; tr. by E. V. Childe. Boston: Little. 1850. [797 Tliis is a translation of Recherches historiques, critiques et bihliogrnjihiques sur Americ Vespuce et ses voyages (Paris. 1842). Viscount Santarem was a very eminent student of the history of geography. His little book is the most thoroughgoing of the attacks on the authen- ticity of the voyages of Vespucci. It is strongly biased against Vespucci by the conviction that either he or liis friends had defrauded Columbus by attaching the name America to the New World. In Santarem's pages uncertain or ambiguous data are relentlessly turned against Vespucci as uniformly as they are in- terpreted in his favor by Varnhageu. E. G. B. — VARNHAfiEN, FrANCISCO AdOLPHO DE. Amerigo Vespucci : son caractfire, ses ecrits, sa vie et ses navigations. Lima. 1865. [798 Varnhagen was a distinguislied Brazilian scholar, and is chiefly known for his Historia gcral do Brazil (1854) and for his series of monographs on Vespucci (see Winsor, II, 156, for a list of them), which are among the most important contributions on this sub- ject. Varnliagen was the first to print a critical edi- tion of all the writings which have been attributed to Vespucci. These he divides into two classes, those published during his life and tliose published two or three centuries after his death. These texts form the first and second part of the monograph whose title is given above. The third part is a critical study of Ves- pucci's life. The later monographs are usually bound with this. The first is a critical investigation of tlie doubtful first voyage (pub. Vienna. 1869), which Varn- hagen accepts and of which he gives explanations not generally adopted. A third essay, NouveUes recherches sur les derniers voyages du navigateur Florentin (18G9), is written in Portuguese, although the title is in French. In an apjiendix to it are the documents published by Navarrete which relate to Vespucci. In 1870 Varn- hagen published a brief summary of the results of his investigations, entitled Post face auz trois Uvraisons sur Amerigo Vespucci. In 1874 in an essay in Portuguese he advanced new points in defence of his interpre- tation of the first voyage. The English reader will find in Fiske's Discovery of America, ch. VII, a presenta- tion of Varnhagen's positions, of which Mr. Fiske is sometimes more confident than their author. E. G, B. Other Discoveries and Early Ex- ploration Bourne, Henry Richard Fox. English seamen under the Tudors. London : Bentley. 1868. 2v. [799 A history of English exploration, merchant voyages and naval achievements during the sixteenth century. The author has constructed a very readable and com- prehensive narrative on tlie basis of the material col- lected by Hakluyt and Purchas, supplemented by con- stant reference to the state papers. In regard to the naval history of this period, much new material has been brought to light since 1868 which the reader will find in Corbett's Drake. For the other aspects of liis subject Mr. Bourne's work is still the most serviceable general account in English. E. G. B. Cabot, John and Sebastian. Beazley, Charles Raymond. John and Sebastian Cabot : the discovery of North America. (Builders of greater Britain.) N. Y. : Long- mans. 1898. $1.50. [800 The most useful, and the most readable, volume upon the Cabots, for the purposes of the general reader. Like every other book devoted to these ex- plorers, it is largely filled up with the original docu- ments, which Mr. Beazley interprets with much care, conservatism and common sense. G. P. W. — BiDDLE, Richard. Memoir of Sebastian Cabot. Phil, and London. 1831. [801 One of the earliest American works of serious his- torical scholarship, and important in the history of historical study and writing in America. A powerful argument advocating the achievements of the son, as more important than those of the father ; the source from which nearly every article upon Cabot, during the succeeding forty years, derived both its inspira- tion and facts. Many of these facts, and most of the conclusions based upon them, have been overthrown by the discovery of documents unknown to Mr. Biddle. G. P. W. — Davs^son, Samuel Edw^ard. The voy- ages of the Cabots. (In Royal Soc. of Canada. Transactions, v. 12. Montreal. 1894.) The voyages: a sequel. (In Trans- actions, ser. 2, V. 2. Ottawa. 1896.) The voyages : latest phases of the controversy. (In Transactions, ser. 2, v. 3. Ottawa. 1897.) [802 These three papers contain the best discussion of the problem of Cabot's landfall in 1497. Dr. Dawson ]iro- sents much stronger and more convincing arguments in favor of a landfall on Cape Breton than have been presented for any other locality. The tln-ee essays contain much valuable material upon all phases of the Cabot controversies. G. P. W. " Recent Cabot literature may be divided into three main sections, each corresponding to a subject of spirited debate. These are, firstly, the circumstances 65 803-812 AMERICA AT LARGE under which John Cabot came to England and made his voyage of 14U7; secondly, the exact geographical site of the landfall, and, thirdly, the character of Se- bastian Cabot. In Europe, as was natural, discussion has turned more on the first and third of the above topics, while in America the second has received the lion's share of attention." Dr. Dawson " is, we should think, the leading living advocate of a view once sup- ported by Mr. Cliarles Deane and Dr. Winsor [the Cape Breton theorj-]. Mr. Harrisse in like manner stands for the pretensions of Labrador, and Judge Prowse for those of Newfoundland. Dr. Dawson now publishes in pamphlet form a long paper which he submitted to the Royal Society of Canada at its last meeting, and which is reprinted from its Transactions. The term 'latest phases' apparently relates to the landfall question alone. . . . Dr. Dawson believes that Cape Breton can lay claim to the honor of Cabot's landfall. . . . We should call attention to the large number of maps which are reproduced in support of Dr. Dawson's contentions. Much valuable material is also to be found in the appendices." Nation, 67: 96. — Deane, Charles. Voyages of the Cabots. (In Winsor, J. Narrative and critical history of America, v. 3. Boston. 1884.) [803 This essay is the only thoroughly satisfactory, thor- oughly sensible and well-proportioned statement of what is known and what may be surmised about the Cabots. G. P. W. — Early notices of the voyages of the Cabots. See Old South Work, sect. 368. [804 — Harrisse, Henry. Discovery of North America by John Cabot. 3d ed. enl. London : B. F. Stevens. 1897. Is. [805 An enlarged reprint of controversial periodical com- munications. It is an interesting presentation of the phases of the Cabotian history which seem most im- portant to Mr. Harrisse, and which have absorbed a chief i)art of the attention of nearly evei-y student of the Cabot discoveries. Mr. Harrisse's later publications usually contain a list of his numerous writings in the magazines and elsewhere upon Cabotian jjroblems. G. P. W. — Harrisse, Henry. John Cabot, the dis- coverer of North-America, and Sebastian his son. London: B. F. Stevens. 1896. 30s. [806 An expansion, in English, of the narrative and argu- mentative portion of Harrisse's Jean et Sibastien Cabot (Paris. 1882). The French volume contains the most correct text Mr. Harrisse could secure of every im- portant document which throws light upon the Cabots, and is the recognized source for reference to these texts. The English volume is "a laboratory manual, in which the student finds revealed each step of the processes through which the material of history has been forced, in order that it might be made to render up the truth which was contained within it." G. P. W. — Inscriptions on the Cabot map. See Mas- sachusetts Historical Society, sect. 343. [807 — NiCHOLLS, J.VMES Fawckner. Remark- able life, adventures and discoveries of Sebas- tian Cabot. Loudon : Low. 1869. [808 A valueless eulogy, in which all the available evidence is interpreted so as to add to the glory of Sebastian as a native of England and of Bristol. G. P. W. — Tarducci, Francesco. John and Se- bastian Cabot ; tr. from the Italian by Henry F. Brownson. Detroit : H. F. Brownson. 1893. §2.50. [809 Useful as a presentation of what might be called the surviving legcndaiy histoiy of the Cabots. The author enthusiastically records whatever may add to the credit and glory of a son of Venice. A strong state- ment of the arginnents of those who refuse to accept the destructive criticism of Harrisse, and who believe that Sebastian may have accomplished something, and may have possessed a creditable personality. G. P. W. — Weare, G. E. Cabot's discovery of North America. Phil. : Lippincott. 1897. §3.50. [810 A discursive narrative, possessing little critical value. The original texts, accurately printed and with English versions of all the Cabot documents, are embodied in the narrative, and may be compared here more conveniently than in any other single volume. G. P. W. Champlain, Samuel de. Narrative of a voyage to the West Indies and Mexico, 1599- 1602 ; tr. with notes by Alice Wilmere. Lon- don : Hakluyt Soc. 1859. [811 The original text of this narrative, the earliest pro- duct of Champlain's pen, was first printed by Laver- difere in vol. I of his (Euvres de Champlain (Quebec. 1870). It is merely a sketch, occupying only thirty-six pages in the Hakluyt Soc. edition. It gives a glimpse of Porto Rico, San Domingo, Cuba, and a more detailed account of the city of Mexico. There are brief notes on the animals and products of the countries and on the administration of the Indians. The manuscript contains 62 quaint drawings, repi-oduccd by Laver- difere, of which the Hakluyt Society ed. contains twelve. The notes to this edition do not reveal any special scholarship. The long introduction on Cham- plain will not detain readers who have access to Laver- diijre, Parkman or Slafter. E. G. B. De Vries, David Peterson, Voyages from Holland to America, 1633-44; tr. by H. C. Murphy. (In New York Hist. Soc. Collec- tions, ser. 2, V. 3. N. Y. 1857.) [812 An interesting personal narrative throwing much light on the early history of New York, with glimpses of Virginia, New Haven and the Connecticut colony, and a somewhat more extended account of Guiana. De Vries was an energetic promoter of colonization, and gives expression to nmch candid criticism of the meth- ods of Wouter van Tvnller and Kicft. His account of the Indians is borrowed from that of Johannes Mega- polensis which is given in the same volume of the N. y. Hist. Soc. Coil. In vol. I of the 2d ser. were 66 EUROPEAN EXPLORATION — ENGLISH, DUTCH, FRENCH, ETC. 813-819 published a series of extracts from De Vries. These extracts had been copied in MS. from the printed volume when no copy was to be found in this country. In some cases the narrative is condensed. Murphy's complete and superior translation entirely supersedes the earlier publication. E. G. B. Drake, Sir Francis. Coubett, Julian Stafford. Drake and the Tudor navy, with a history of the rise of England as a maritime power. N. Y. : Longmans. 1898. 2v. $5. [813 The best work on Drake and the rise of the English sea power. It is written in the light of the most recent researches in the English and foreign archives, and is especially useful to the student for its clear explana- tion of contemporary naval and marine terminology. The voyage of circumnavigation is fully treated (I, pp. 226-324), and an ellort is made to present a solution of the mysterious case of Thomas Doughty. E. G. B. — Fletcher, Francis. The world encom- passed bj' Sir Francis Drake ; ed. by W. S. W. Vaux. London: Hakluyt Soc. 1854. [814 This volume contains the original sources, so far as known in 1854. for Drake's voyage around the world. The main narrative The tcorhl encompassed was compiled from the notes of Drake's chaplain, Fletcher, and edited in Drake's interest. Fletcher's original notes, so far as extant, are given in running footnotes. The other narratives are those of Francis Pretty, the source of The trorld encompassed for the latter part of the voyage, that of John Cooke, unfriendly to Drake, and that of Nuno da Sylva, a Portuguese pilot, and Cliffe's account of the voyage of John Winter. The editor's analysis of his sources and discussion of their relative importance is unsatisfactory. For such a comparison and for the sources discovered since 1854 see Corbett's Drake, I, pp. 423-29. E. G. B. Harrisse, Henry. Notes pour servir a I'his- toire, a la bibliographie et a la cartograpliie de la Nouvelle France et des pays adjacents, 1545-1700. Paris: Tross. 1872. lofr. [815 This book contains the titles of 187 publications printed between 1545 and 1700 relating to Canada and the valley of the Mississippi. It aims to be exhaus- tive and is based mainly upon the collections in the Bibliotheque Xationale at Paris. There are also de- scriptions of early maps, 76 unpublished and 111 en- graved but not dated, and of 460 documents, such as letters patent, commissions, correspondence, etc., writ- ten between the above named dates but in many cases published later. The author sometimes gives the text of important documents and there are many histor- ical and biographical notes. Mr. Harrisse has long- devoted himself to the histoi-y of European discov- er}' in America, and has studied the original material exhaustively. This work is scholarly, painstaking and indispensable as a record of the early editions of works like Champlain's Voyages, the Jesuits' Relations, etc. G. M. W. Hudson, Henry. Asher, George M., ed. Henry Hudson the navigator : the original documents in which his career is recorded. London : Hakluyt Soc. 186U. [816 A collection of the original sources relating to Hud- son's explorations with an introduction containing a critical account of these documents and a histoiy of the attempts to find a northeast and a northwest pas- sage. An appendix contains Dr. Cogswell's transla- tion of the narrative of Verrazano's voyage and the original Italian, according to the MS. found in the Magliabecchian library, and a bibliography. Besides the original sources, the editor has included extracts from the contemporary Dutch historians, van Mete- ren, de Laet and fierritz, from van der Donck's ac- count of New Netherland, and from the modem writer Lambrechtsen van Ritthem. (^f the contents of this volume, the Divers voyages and Northerne discoveries, derived from Purchas' Pilgrims, are to be found in Collections of the N. Y. Historical Soc, vol. I, 1811 ; and Juet's Journal, Verrazano's Voyage, and the extracts from van der Donck and de Laet, in vol. I, 2d ser., 1&41. E. G. B. — Bardsen, Ivar. Sailing directions of Henry Hudson, prepared for his use in 1608 ; from the old Danish, with notes by B. F. De Costa. Albany: ^Munsell. 1869. [817 Bardsen, said to have been a functionary in Green- land, wrote, long before the days of Columbus, the fullest account we have of the Icelandic colonies in Greenland. This, which had been translated into Dutch in 15G0, was retranslated into English in 1608 for Sir Henry Hudson. The text is here accompanied by explanatory notes and by a revised translation from the Antiquitates Americanm of Rafn. The preface con- tains a dissertation on early voyages to America, with especial reference to the discovery of the Hudson River, and such information as exists regarding Hud- son's career and character. F. J. S. — JuET, Robert. Relation concerning the third voyage of Henry Hudson. See New York Historical Society, sect. 352. [818 — Read, John JVIeredith, Jr. Historical inquiry concerning Henry Hudson. Albany: Munsell. 1866. [819 This book " is a most scholarlike and admirable ex- ample of a species of investigation which lies at the base of all accurate and trustworthy history. Its sub- ject is a discoverer who holds a conspicuous place in the early annals of this continent, but whose life has nevertheless been \7rappcd in an almost impenetrable obscurity. . . . Mr. Read traces the descent of the navigator Henry Hudson from the eminent merchant of the same name who was the founder of the ^Muscovy Company, and one of the leading spirits in that course of mercantile adventure which, in the sixteenth cen- tury, resulted in discoveries so glorious to the British name. . . . The most interesting part of the book is that which relates to the voyage of Hudson in the ser- vice of the Dutch East India Company." Atlantic monthly, 19 : 764. The Nation said, in 1866, that " we are rather inclined to believe than to doubt that the additions to the materials of history which Mr. Read's ingenuity and laborious research have given us are as correct and valuable as he thinks them.'' Nation, 2 : 741. 67 820-826 AMERICA AT LARGE Kohl, Johann Georg. History of the dis- covery of Maine ; with an appx. on the voy- ages of the Cabots, by M. d'Avezac. (Willis, W., ed. Documentary history of Maine, v. 1. Maine Hist. Soc. Collections, documentary ser. 3, V. 1.) Portland. 1869. [820 Dr. Kohl was one of the most eminent students of the historj- of American geography, and this work until the publication of Harrisse's Discovery of North America was the most elaborate summai-y of the ex- ploration of the eastern coast of North America down to 1525. It still remains such for the period 1525-1573. The narrative is illustrated by 22 reduced copies of early maps (mainly of the 16th century), each of which is the subject of a brief explanatory essay. Dr. Kohl inscribed on these copies the original legends in a readable form so that, although these copies are small, the clearness of outline and legibility of the names make them especially useful to the student. In using this book the reader must keep in mind that new light has been thrown on many points since Dr. Kohl wrote. This fact deprives the essay on the Cabots by d'Avezac in the appendix of much of its original value. E. G. B. Payne, Edward John. Voyages of the Elizabethan seamen to America : 13 original narratives from the collection of Hakluyt. London : De La Rue. 1880. New ed. Frowde. 1893. Ser. 1. 5s. Ser. 2, in press. [821 In view of the rarity or costliness of the editions of Hakluyt's voyages, this collection of the most impor- tant of the contemporary narratives illustrating the English explorations of Elizabeth's age is of especial service. Mr. Payne has supplied a suggestive intro- duction, and has modernized the spelling of Hakluyt's text. The narratives describe the voyages of Haw- kins, Frobisher, Drake, Gilbert, Amadas and Barlow, Cavendish and Raleigh. The second edition contains only the voyages of Hawkins, Frobisher and Drake and is called " first series," but no continuation has as yet been published. E. G. B. Raleigh, Sir Walter. Discovery of the large, rich and beautiful empire of Guiana, with a relation of the great and golden city of Manoa (which the Spaniards call El Dorado), etc., performed in 1595 by Sir Walter Ralegh. Reprinted from the edition of 1596, ed. with notes, etc., by Sir R. H. Schomburgk. Lon- don : Hakluyt Soc. 1848. [822 Sir Robert H. Schombiirgk's memoir " is an admi- rable summary of what was then known of Raleigh, and the pul)lication is a complete vindication of Ra- leigh's statements and conduct in reference to Guiana. The notes of the author are of the greatest value." W. M'. Henry, in Narrative ami critical hist. 0/ Am., 3 : 122. Verrazano, Giovanni da. Relation of his voyage to the North American continent. See New York Historical Society, sect. 353. [823 — Brevoort, James Carson. Verrazano the navigator ; or Notes on Giovanni da Verra- zano and on a planisphere of 1529 illustrating his American voyage in 1524. [Reprinted from Am. Geog. Soc. Rept., 1873.] N. Y. 1874. [824 A sketch of Verrazano's career followed by a running commentary on the narrative of his voyage identifying so far as practicable the places described with the help of the map of Girolamo da "Verrazano which is given in reduced facsimile. Mr. Brevoort accepts the narrative of the voyage. An appendix contains an elaborate de- scription of the map and a number of transcripts from MSS. and early printed books relating to Verrazano. E. G. B. — Murphy, Henry Cruse. The voyage of Verrazzano: a chapter in the early history of maritime discovery in America. N. Y. Privately printed. 1875. [825 This monograph is an attempt to prove by the pro- cesses of external and internal criticism that the nar- rative of Verrazano's voyage of 1524 is a forgery based on the data supplied by the discoveries of Estevan Gomez recorded on the Ribero map of 1529. IMr. Murphy made out a strong case, but the drift of criti- cal opinion has been in recent years in favor of the reality of Verrazano's voyage. A recent critical study of the question, which in the opinion of Sophus Ruge must finally remove all doubt, is that of Dr. Karl Lechner in Globus, 1890, pp. 114-116, 139-142, 153-156. Cf. also Harrisse's argument in \ii^ Discovery 0/ North America. The appendix to Mr. Murphy's book includes Dr. Cogswell's translation of the Verrazano letter and translations of transcripts of documents about Ver- razano as well as a facsimile of the Verrazano map. Dr. Cogswell's translation is also to be found in the N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll., 2d ser., vol. I, with the Italian original, Asher's Hudson, and by itself in Old South leaflets, no. 17. E. G. B. Verrazano's voyage. See Old South Work, sect. 368. [826 68 PART III. THE UNITED STATES DIVISION i: HISTORICAL PERIODS I. Period of Colonial Settlement and Development. 1607-1760 THE COLONIES IN GENERAL Albany, N. Y. Journal of the Congress at Albany, 1754. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 301. [827 Alexander, Sir William. Slafter, Ed- mund Farwell, ed. Sir William Alexander and American colonization. With annotations and a memoir. (Prince Soc. Publications.) Boston. 1873. [828 " The episode of Sir William Alexander and his futile schemes of colonization is treated exhaus- tively." Mr. Slafter " reproduces all the original charters and other documents bearing on his inquiry, and apparently leaves nothing for any future gleaner in that field. But ... it must be concetled that Mr. Slafter attaches more importance to Sir William Alex- ander's somewhat visionary plans than they really merit." Chas. C. Smith, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 4: 155. Baird, Charles Washington. History of the Huguenot emigration to America. N. Y. : Dodd. 1885. 2v. S3. 50. [829 A pioneer work of highest grade, giving illustrative details of earlier attempts at settlement in Brazil, Florida, Acadia, Canada, New Netherlands and the Antilles. The author analyzes the episode of the Revo- cation, the flight from various parts of France, the refuge in England, and the settlement in New England and adjacent parts, leaving accounts of other migra- tions to later volumes. A book more satisfactory to the genealogist than to the historian, though the meagre details at the author's command are handled with skill. A work stimulating to further research. Indispensable to the student of Am. history. See the Natii)n, May 28, 1885, p. ■144. H. W. H. Beer, George Louis. Commercial policy of England toward the American colonies. (Columbia College. Studies in history, etc., V. 8, no. 2.) N. Y. 1893. Pap. §1 net. [830 The author undertakes to prove that the colonial policy of England was not consciously tyrannical. " It was a policy of unconscious ignorance, not of conscious malice." A careful, though condensed ac- count is given of the early English navigation acts and a presentation of the forces and causes which led to colonization. This is followed by the history of some of the most important commercial products of the colonies ; also a statement of the restrictions placed upon commerce and manufactures. The investigation is thoroughly scholarly, and is based upon original state calendars and documents. It is a contribution to the rational method of regarding historical events as evolutionary. D. R. D. Bradstreet, Dudley. Diary at siege of Louisburg, 1745. See Massachusetts Histor- ical Society, sect. 348. [831 Burke, Edmund. Account of the European settlements in America. London. 1757. 2v. 2d ed., with improvements. 1758. 2v. [832 A very noteworthy account, not indeed written throughout by, but receiving its final revision from, one of the most eminent English men of letters. It describes the American colonies of six European na- tions from 1492 to about 1750 ; and was evidently under- taken in consequence of the Seven Years' War. It was compiled from a wide variety of sources, most of which are complained of in the preface, as imsatisf ac- tory. In spite of this, the work shows wide know- ledge, unusual judgment, a somewhat too slight toler- ance for other nations than the English, and, here and there, Edmund Burke's resplendent English style, though not perhaps to such an extent as to draw the interest of the general reader. The work has no in- dex nor illustrations, but has maps of North and South America. It was issued anonymously, and is not usu- ally included in Burke's collected works. W. E. F. Burnaby, Andrew. Travels through the middle settlements of North America, 1759-60. London. 1775. [833 " There is a pleasant tone, a wise and educated spirit in this record, which make ample amends for the ob- vious influences of the writer's religious and political views upon his impressions of the country and the people. The Rev. Andrew Burnaby was a native of Lancastershire, an 61eve of Westminster School, and a graduate of Queen's College, Cambridge. . . . His book on America was ' jiraised and valued ' as a fair and agreeable report of ' the state of the colonies ' then called the ' Middle Settlements.' " H. T. Tuckerman, America and her commeiitaturs, p. 173. Bury, William Coutts Keppel, Viscount. E.Kodus of the western nations. London- Bentley. 1865. 2v. [834 The author is a scholarly English nobleman, and the period covered by the book is from 1492 to 18G5. The work is less a study from original sources than a philosophic consideration of the principles of colonial 69 835-842 THE UNITED STATES development. It is intelligent, judicious, fair-minded, careful and eminently readable, but by no means an indispensable book to the student. W. E. F. Chalmers, George. Contiouation of Polit- ical aunals. (In New-York Historical Soc. Collections. Publication fund, v. 1. N. Y. 1868.) [835 Three chapters of Book II of the work as planned by Chalmers arc here printed. They contain the his- toiy of the colonies from the Revolution of 1089 to the establishment of the Board of Trade in 1G9C. Instead of treating each colony separately, as in Book I of the Anruils, the author treats the colonies collectively as constituting a system ; though he adheres as closely as possible to the chronological order of events. The same qualities appear as in the earlier part of the work. [See sect. 354 and 12C2.] H. L. O. Coffin, Charles. Old times in the colonies. N. Y. : Harper. 1880. $3. [836 An old style " juvenile " history of the American colonies to 1760 with especial reference to their inherit- ance from the old world of customs and principles of government. Attractive in its description of occur- rences, but likely to be incomprehensible to a child's mind in its deductions. Also, likely to give erroneous impressions in its imaginary conversations between historical characters. E. E. S. Dexter, Franklin B. Estimates of popula- tion in the American colonies. See American Antiquarian Society, sect. 237. [837 Douglass, William. Summary, historical and political, of the British settlements in North America. Boston. 1747-50. 2v. Lon- don. 1755. 2v. [838 " A large part of the book relates to New England. It contains a good deal of valuable information from original sources, but it is put together without system or order." C. Deane, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 3 : 34C. Doyle, John Andrew. The American col- onies : Arnold prize essay. London : Riving- tons. 1869. [839 An excellent brief sketch of the American colonics to the Declaration of Independence, discussing man- ners, religion, law and social customs, as well as poli- tics. Almost one-half of the space is given to a study of the causes of the Revolution, justifying the colo- nists. The sources and secondaiy authorities have been carefully examined. The critical acumen so notable in Doyle's later work is in large part lacking. In judgment, temper and style, the book is a model of historical writing. R. C. H. C. English in America. V. 1 : Virginia, Maryland and the Carolinas. London : Long- mans. 1882. N. Y.:Holt. 1882. $3.50. [For V. 2, see sect. 918.] [840 Covers 17th century only. Based on printed sources and on documents in the British Record Ollice. Con- tains some new facts. Oftentimes is necessarily very brief. Style dry and lacking in distinctive quality. E.'c. Earle, Mrs. Alice Morse. Child life in colo- nial days. N. Y. : Macmillan. 1899. $2.50. Colonial dames and goodwives. Bos- ton: Houghton. 1895. SI. 50. Colonial days in old New York. N. Y. : Scrlbner. 1896. Sl.25. Costume of colonial times. N. Y. : Scribner. 1894. 81.25. Curious punishments of bygone days. Chicago : Stone. 1896. $1.50. Customs and fashions in old New Eng- land. N. Y. : Scribner. 1893. $1.25. Home life in colonial days. N. Y. : Macmillan. 1898. $2.50. In old Narragansett : romances and realities. (Ivory series.) N. Y. : Scribner. 1898. 75c. Sabbath in Puritan New England. N. Y. : Scribner. 1891. $1.25. ed. Diary of Anna Green "Winslow, a Boston school girl of 1771. Boston : Hough- ton. 1894. $1.25. [841 By means of a graphic and accurate account of dress, drinks, houses, furniture, home life, religious life, child life, etc., based oh reliable sources of informa- tion, in print and manuscript, Mrs. Earle has succeeded in reconstructing the life, customs and manners of the New England colonists from the time of the ear- liest settlements to the Revolution. Much that she has done will appeal chiefly to the curious reader, but a great deal may demand the attention of the scholar, especially of him who studies social and economic his- tory. In Old Narragansett the author gives a series of sketches of life in the lands occupied by the Narra- gansett Indians at the coming of the English ; and in Colonial days in old New York deals with the Dutch period. The l)00ks varj' in merit ; INIrs. Earle is at her best in the Sabbath in New England and Child life in colo- nial days; and is not so good in Costume of colonial times ; but there is not one of her books that may not be cordially recommended for its accuracy and read- ableness. C. M. A. Eggleston, Edward. The beginners of a nation. N. Y. : Appleton. 1896. $1.50. [842 The first volume of what promises to be an extended work. Is devoted to the colonizing enterprises of the English on this continent prior to the middle of the 17th century. It adds little to positive knowledge of the subject, but is distinguished throughout by a broad and tolerant spirit and by keen criticism. Great care has been used in ascertaining and sifting facts. The book is written in a brilliant, sententious style, and contains some admirable characterizations of per- sonalities. Roger "Williams and that which he stood for seem to be special objects of the author's admirar tion. H. L. O. Entick, John, ct al. General history of the 70 COLONIAL PERIOD, 1607-1 7C0— GENERAL 843-850 late war in Europe, Asia, Africa and America. London. 1763-4. 5v. [843 Seven books in live volumes, dedicated to William Pitt, recite tlie causes Icailiiij; up to the " Old French War," 1756-03, and, with unusual fulness, the events in America, Europe and the island possessions of France and Spain. Published in the year when peace was declared, it has the value of a contemporary- record ; many letters, addresses and official papers are printed. The narrative of the American campaif^ns is fully and vif^orously told ; it lacks the minuteness and accuracy of personal and technical knowledfre to be found in Mante or Pouchot, but, better than they, it shows the relation of events to the p^cneral policy of the British emjjire. Its faults are those of a partisan ■who sees his king always in the right, the king's ene- mies always in the wrong ; and an antiquated style, little likely to attract the casual reader. F. H. S. Evelyn family. Scull, Gideon Dela- PHAiNE, comp. The Evelyns in America, 1608- 1805. Oxford: Privately printed. 1881. [844 Compiled from family papers and other sources. Contains matter relating to early Maryland ; Plan- tagenet's Description of New Albion; Memoir and letters of Capt. W. G. Evelyn (1774-76) ; and an appendix of miscellaneous matter relating to the Revolutionary War. Most of the matter in the last two items is also printed separately. Editor's work unobtrusive. Con- tains nnicli valuable material. E. C. Fernovv, Berthold. The Ohio valley in colonial days. Albany: Munsell. 1890. [845 Presents much valuable material concerning the dis- covery of the Ohio valley, the aborigines inhabiting it, and the struggle between the French and English for the supremacy. There is a brief chapter on the Indian wars following that struggle. The last two chapters give material concerning the earliest at- tempts at settlement both north and south of the Ohio before 1788. For the most part the book " is only an arrangement of already known facts." H. W. H. Fisher, George Park. The colonial era. (American history series.) N. Y. : Scribner. 1893. SI. 25. [846 ■ An excellent book intended primarily for students. It covers the colonial period to 1756, treating the colonies separately and including brief discussions on " manners, customs and phases of intellectual progress." Three maps are given. Prof. Fisher is an able historical scholar, has consulted the sources, is temperate in judgment and accurate. An appendix gives a useful bibliographical note discussing briefly the chief secondary authorities in colonial history. R. C. H. C. Fisher, Sydney George. Men, women and manners in colonial times. Phil. : Lippincott. 1898. 2v. $3. [847 Written by an acute historical student whose earlier published studies of the colonial period have been chiefly political in character. As compared with the works of similar purpose by Mrs. Earle and Mrs. Whar- ton, this one is wider in scope, including something, at least, on all thirteen of the colonics (not, however, treated with ecjual fulness), and is rendered attractive by iihotogravures and other illustrations, chiefly of colonial architecture. The author's knowledge is wide, his judgment and temper fair, his method careful (though the reader is seldom allowed to verify his cita- tions), and his style clear and interesting. There is a useful index. Emphatically a book for the gener.il reader, rather than the special student. W. E. F. Force, Peter, ed. Tracts and other papers relating principally to the origin, settlement and progress of the colonies in North America. Wash. 1836-46. 4v. Same : American colonial tracts, month- ly. Rochester: G. P. Humphrey. 1897-. V. 1-f . 25c. ea. [848 This collection of tracts on early American history is indispensable to all students, whether of the north or the south, and by frequent reprints should be made accessible to all. The collection was made by Peter Force in order to supply his need for the possession of the writings it contains in accessible fonn as an aid to research. By far the larger number of the tracts con- cern the history of the south, but some of the most important have to do with Xew England. Among those of greatest value in the collection are Nova Brit- tania, and its second part, The new life of Virginia: — The beginning, progress and conclusion of Bacon's rebellion, by Thomas Matthews: —John Smith's New England's trials: —White's Planters' plea: — Virginia and Maryland, or Lord Baltimore's case uncased : — The simple cobbler of Agawani: — Leah and Rachel: — Xew England's Jonas cast up in London : — Gor- ton's Simplicities defence against seven-headed policy : — Father Andrew White's Relation of the Colony of the Lord Baron of Baltimore: — Byfield's Account of the late revolution in New England : — The revolution in New England justified. H. L. O. Franklin, Benjamin. Plan of union, 1754. See Old South Work, sect. 368. [849 [Most works relating to Franklin are placed in the period next following.] Grahame, James. History of the United States of North America, from the plantation of the British colonies to their revolt and decla- ration of Independence. London. 1836. 4v. 2d ed., enl. and amended. Phil. 1846. 2v. [850 This edition of Mr. Graham's work comprises the revision of his History of the United States till 168S, which was first issued in 1827, and its extension to 1776. The author never visited this countr>% and relied wholly on such materials as he could collect in Great Britain or find in the library of the University of Giit- tingen. He does not .seem to have made researches, at least to any extent, among the British archives. Pam- phlet literature he does not seem to have extensively used. His materials, when compared with those at the command of the historian at the present time, were scanty. He wrote too under the influence of the ex- 71 851-856 THE UNITED STATES tremely democratic ideas of 1830, and was not sparing in the use of strong expletives. The work then may be regarded as to a large extent superseded. Still it is written in an excellent style and contains passages of great suggestiveness. H. L. O. Great Britain. Master of the Rolls. Calen- dar of state papers, colonial series, 1574-1660, preserved in the State paper dept. of Public Record Office ; ed. by W. NoOl Sainsbury. Loudon. 1860. Same; colonial series: America and West Indies, 1661-80 ; ed. by W. Noel Sains- bury and J. W. Fortescue. London. 1880- 96. 4v. [851 These volumes are issued by the British govern- ment, under the immediate authority of the Master of the Rolls, and form a part of the great series in which the materials of modern British history are being given to the world. The volumes upon America and the "West Indies contain, within the specified dates, carefully prepared outlines of every document in the Public Record Office relating to the western depend- encies, all arranged in strict chronological order. Each volume has, in addition, an elaborate historical intro- duction by the editor, in which the period covered by its contents is discussed in the light of the new ma- terial made public in the calendar. This series is of the highest importance for all students of the British colonial system, and its value will increase with suc- cessive issues. H. L. O. While formal documents are very briefly described, the editors were instructed to adhere closely to the text in the case of secret or very rare information and when the papers were more than ordinarily obscure. F. J. S. Greene, Evarts Boutell. The provincial governor in the English colonies of North America. (Harvard historical studies, v. 7.) N. Y. : Longmans. 1898. §1.50. [852 " The scope of this excellent monograph is some- what narrower than its title indicates. It deals with the office of governor prior to 1763, but only in those royal and proprietary colonies which later became part of the United States. The forms of government these colonies gradually assumed, and the evolution of the executive office as such, constitute the subject- matter of the opening chapters. The precise powers attached to the office of governor and his relations with the various public bodies in the province — viz., the council, the judiciary and the assembly — are then discussed at length. Special attention is given to the conflict of mutually encroaching claims on the part of the governor and the assembly. From this conflict the popular body, strong in its control of the purse, came forth triumphant. A brief reference to the legal and political accountability of the governor concludes this veiy suggestive guide-book to the traveller in a new region of research. In the appen- dices are found several representative commissions and instructions, together with a list of others that have been elsewhere printed in full, and a comi)lete bibliography. . . . The list of authorities shows almost complete dependence upon printed sources readily accessible ; and, with one exception, no use has been made of recent monographs." Wm. R. Shepherd, Political science quarterly, 14 : 153. Guerber, Helene Adeline. Story of the tliirteen colonies. (Eclectic school readings.) N. Y. : Am. Book Co. [c. 1898.] 65c. [853 Miss Guerber has added one more to her long list of comi^ilations for young peoj)le. Her story of the col- onies is pleasantly told. C. M. A. Hakluyt, Richard. Discourse on western planting, written in the year 1584 [first pub- lished, 1877] ; with a preface and introd. by Leonard Woods, ed. with notes in the appen- dix, by Charles Deane. (Maine Hist. Soc. Coll., documentary ser., v. 2.) Cambridge. 1877. [854 Tlie most suggestive contemporary introduction to the study of English colonization. It was written at the request of Raleigh, to be laid before the Queen, and is a vivid revelation of the motives prompting the voyages and colonial undertakings of Elizabeth's reign. Hakluyt describes the resources of the new world and the opportunities for English commerce; Spain's possessions there are the sources of her strength in Europe, but her hold is really weak; her title by discovery to the Atlantic coast of North America is inferior to England's, and that by Papal Bull invalid; the Indies are the place to attack her and destroy her power, etc. Dr. Deane's notes trans- late the passages in the text in Latin and Italian, and supply explanations of Hakluyt's references. Gold- smid includes this Discourse in his new ed. of Hak- luyt's Principal navigations. E. G. B. Haliburton, Thomas Chandler. The Eng- lish in America. Loudon. 1851. 2v. Rule and misrule of the English in America. N. Y. : Harper. 1851. [855 This work by the well-known " Sam Slick," a Nova Scotian statesman and judge, is a study in the spirit of Tocqueville of democracy in America. The author has an unbounded admiration for the United States as a republic, and thinks that the English colonies were practically republics long before their independence. On the other hand, he thinks that if Canada is to remain a part of the British Emjjire the authority of the mother country should be greater. The historical sketch of the English in America prior to 1783 forms tlie greater part of the work. The style is dignified and pleasing. G. M. W. Hazard, Ebenezer, ed. Historical collec- tions: state papers and other authentic docu- ments. Phil. 1792^. 2v. [856 This is the work of a pioneer among American col- lectors and editors of historical material. The first volume contains miscellaneous documents relating to the discovery and colonization of America prior to IGGO. These have reference mainly to English enter- jirise, l)ut that of the Spanish and French is not ex- cluded. The documents are arranged in chronological order and are taken from strictly authoritative sources. 72 COLONIAL PERIOD, 1607-1760— GENERAL 857-864 Many of these may now be found elsewhere, but some are still accessible only in this collection. The second volume consists mainly of the Records of the United Col- onies of New England. A more perfect edition of these now exists in vols. IX and X of the Plymouth Colony records, and hence the second volume of Hazard's Col- lections has been largely superseded. H. L. O. Johnson, Rossiter. History of the French war, eiuiiiiu: in the conquest of Canada; with a preliminary account of the early attempts at colonization. (Minor wars of the U. S.) N. Y. : Dodd. [c. 1882.] [857 Less than half the volume is devoted to the " Old French War," 175G-G3, the first 200 pages containing a review of early voyages, French exploration, set- tlement and wars in America prior to the middle of the 18th century. The work is a compilation ; with no references to sources or authorities, the pages uniniunil)cr('d with footnotes ; but it admirably fulfils the purpose for which it was written — to sup- ply a popular narrative. Generally accurate, it well brings out the romantic features of the struggle for French dominion in America, while giving due recog- nition to the political forces which were operative. The style is animated and agreeable. There is an ade- quate index. F. H. S. Journals of the Canada expedition of 1760. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 341. [858 Kalm, Peter. Travels into North America ; tr. by John Reinhold Forster. Warrington. 1770-71. 3v. London : Lowndes. 1772. 2v. [859 The author was "Professor of O^^conomy" in the University of Aobo, Swedish Finland. He set out from Sweden in February, 1748, accompanied by " a gardener well skilled in the knowledge of plants and mechanics," first studied husbandry and botany in England, and arrived at Philadelphia in September. He made a tour through the Middle Colonies, going as far west as Niagara, and returned to Stockholm in 1751. This English edition of the Travels omits his experiences in England, and abbreviates the journal of his trip to America, biit otherwise practically gives the author's work in full. The translator contributes some notes of his own, and the publisher adds a map and several drawings of American birds and animals. Professor Kalm comments garrulously on all things American, especially in the department of natural history; his observations upon manners and customs are informing, although sometimes amusing. Excel- lent for the student of American development, mate- rial and social. R. G. T. Knox, Capt. John. Historical journal of the campaigns in North America, 1757-60. London. 1769. 2v. [860 A blunt, matter of fact record of events from day to day. It is absolutely candid and reliable and has furnished materials for all subsequent writers of any authority. The military and naval orders incorporated in this journal are singularly valuable for the light they throw upon the operations of war as they were conducted at that time by the armies of two great nations. E. Cr. Leroy-Beaulieu, Pierre Paul. De la colo- nisation chez les peuples modernes. 4e ed. Paris: Guillaume. 1898. 12fr. [861 This is a standard work upon the history and prin- ciples of colonization. The first part deals in detail with the colonial policy of the principal i>eople of Europe and notes the different systems and their suc- cessive modifications from the discovery of America to the present time. The second part contains an ex- position of the principles of the science of cohmiza- tion, and deals in broad generalizations regarding the conditions under which colonization maybe favorably carried on and the advantages other than material that will accrue to the people of the mother country. Successive editions have brought the historical por- tions down to date. The period from 1808 to 1001 will be covered by a fifth edition which is announced as soon to appear. C. M. A. Liberty bell leaflets ; ed. by Martin G. Brumbaugh and Joseph S. Walton. Phil. : Christopher Sower Co. 1899-. 5c. ea. [862 1. Inducements offered by the States-General of Holland, 1G14-26, to those merchants and navigators who would discover new countries ; together with the Charter of privileges granted to the Patroons. 2. The West Jersey constitution of 1G77. 3. Penn's frame of government of 1682, and privi- leges and concessions of 1701. 4. Charter of the province of Pennsylvania, granted by Charles the Second to William Penu, January, 1C82. Lodge, Henry Cabot. Short history of the English colonies in America. N. Y. : Harper. 1881. Rev. ed. $3. [863 This is a handbook of the history of the colonies. It contains political and social histoi-y combined. Each colony is treated separately, the author beginning with Virginia and working first southward and then northward. Three supplementary chapters on the Revolution conclude the volume. The book contains a large array of facts, and is written in a clear style. But its plan is wholly mechanical, and therefore it fails to bring out the spirit and meaning of the period. It is wrritten from the ordinary American point of view. H. L. O. MacDonald, William, ed. Select charters and other documents illustrative of American history, 1606-1775 ; with notes. N. Y. : Mac- millan. 1899. Net §2. [864 "The period covered is 1606-1775, the series begin- ning with the first charter of Virginia and ending with the Prohibitory Act. One would expect to find in such a book as this many pieces taken from the 17th cen- tui-j', when all the most important colonies gained constitutional status, and so it is. For the period which lies before the peace of Ryswick, Prof. Mac- Donald is much more detailed than for the years 1697-1763. He gives 80 documents in all, and of these only eight are allotted to the 66 years which we have last indicated. ... With the Peace of Paris he again 73 865-873 THE UNITED STATES becomes detailed, and traces distinctly each principal stage of the rupture between the colonies and the mother country. 20 documents relating to the last 12 years of the colonial era do not, however, constitute an undue proportion when one considers the inter- ests at stake. Piof. JIacDonald shows good judgment in his selections, and his book should materially assist the teaching of American historj' in colleges which are unfortunate enough to lack large libraries. More than this, it will be a great convenience everywhere." A^a- tion, 69 : 429. Mante, Maj. Thomas. History of the late war in North America, including the campaign of 1763—1 against His ]\Iajesty's Indian ene- mies. London. 1TT2. [865 " Mante was an engineer officer in the sei-vice, but he did not share in the war till the last year of it. The book has eighteen large maps and plates. It has been praised by Bancroft and Sparks." Justin Winsor, in Narrative and critical hist. 0/ Am., 5: 61C. Marshall, John. A compendious view of the colonies planted by the English on the con- tinent of North America. (Life of Washing- ton, V. 1. London and Phil. 1804. 5v.) History of the colonies. Phil. 1824. [866 In this volume the political history of the colonies till 1763 is reviewed. The author in its preparation made use of the standard works and sources accessil)le in his time, as Stith, Hutchinson, Smith, Chalmers. Occasionally, though not often, a statement appears which later investigations have shown to be improb- able or unfounded. In general its accuracy, and in all parts its fairness, are unimpeachable. The view which the author took of Nathaniel Bacon may well be recommended to later historians. Still, except as evi- dence of the wide knowledge, clear style, and well- balanced judgment of the great jurist, the volume now i)ossesses little importance for those who are ac- quainted with the later literature of the subject. H. L. O. Neill, Edward Duffield. The English col- onization of America during the 17th century. London and N. Y. : Routledge. 1871. [867 Rev. Mr. Neill was an assiduous and learned investi- gator, and one of the earliest critics of the beginnings of colonial history. In this work, as in his other writ- ings, he has drawn largely from original manuscrii)ts and documents, some of which have been since more fully and accurately printed. The narrative, which is badly proportioned and often disconnected an- few, but it is well worth while to have a thoroughly studied accoimt of what was then written. Though in the case of the most illustrious their desert in other fields is greater than in literar ture, — as explorers, svibduers of the forest, regulators of new societies, zealous preachers and teachers of the truth as they saw it — yet the world needs to know what they did with the pen. Professor Tj'ler's schol- arship reaches deep and far. With picturesque feli- city of touch, the grotesque quaintness, the pathetic shortcomings due to narrow surroundings, harsh in- tolerance, sturdy heroism in desperate crises, lurid beliefs, most forceful striving — things attractive and things repulsive are combined into a great portrayal. J. K. H. No other such work has ever been attempted. "Whether or not, if the author had lived, he would have \vished to carry his account through post-revolu- tionarj' times to the present day, may well be doubted. A consideration of later American literature on a sim- ilar scale would form a vast library, to complete which would require far more than one man's life and one man's brains. Wallcut, Thomas. Journal, [journey] to Marietta [1720]. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 333. [886 Washington, George. Journal of my jour- ney over the mountains in 1747-48; ed. by J. M. Toner. Albany: Munsell. 1892. S3. [887 This work, claimed by its editor to be "the first systematic attempt to produce the writings of "Wash- ington with literal exactness as to abbreviations, the use of capitals, punctuation, spelling, etc.," is the initial volume of an intended complete collection of "all the writings of Washington," planned by the late Dr. J. M. Toner, " long engaged in collecting accu- rate copies of all the obtainable writings of this great man." Its chief interest centres in the fact that it is the earliest known composition of Washington, for the major ijart consists of surveying notes and re- cords. The text is as literally printed as type can be made to reproduce script, but the insertion of numer- ous, and often over-long or irrelevant notes between the entries, instead of as footnotes, is a material piece of mis-editing, and another curious contradic- tion to the editor's claim of literal accuracy, is the inclusion of surveys, from " pen-tracings " instead of by photographic reproductions. P. L. F. Weiser, Conrad. Narrative of a journey from Tulpebocken to Onondaga, 1737, and Journal of proceedings in his journey to the Ohio, 1748. See Pennsylvania, Historical Society of, sect. 384. [888 Wharton, Anne Hollingsworth, Colonial days and dames. Phil.: Lippincott. 1895. Sl.'25. Martha Washington. (Women of Colo- nial and Revolutionary times.) N. Y. : Scrib- ner. 1897. §1.25. Through colonial door"^vays. Phil.: Lip- pincott. 1893. SI. 25. [889 A readable series on the general plan of choosing extracts from old letters and papers and connecting them by comments, conjectures and deductions. The first book describes colonial life under such topics as women, poetesses, old landmarks, and weddings and meri-y-makings. There is no order in the arrange- ment. The third book describes social life in the colonies, chiefly in Philadelphia and New York. The life of Mrs. Washington is necessarily made up of scanty material, eked out by contemporary descrip- tion and events in the life of her husband. It is as good as anything of the kind that has been done. E. E. S. Wolfe, Maj.-Oen. James. Wright, Rob- ert. Life of Major-General James Wolfe. London : Chapman. 1864. [890 " In coming to the great victory which closed the war on the Heights of Abraham we can but be con- scious of the domination which the character of Wolfe holds over all the recitals of its events, and the best source of that influence is in the letters which Wright has introduced into his life of Wolfe." Justin Winsor, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 5: 602. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES Adams, Brooks. Emancipation of Massa- chusetts. Boston: Houghton. 1887. SI. 50. [891 An account of the breaking of the bonds imposed by the theocracy instituted by Puritan ministers over Massachusetts in her colonial period. A work of learning, ability and courage; written, however, in a spirit far from judicial : the spirit is rather that of a prosecuting attorney determined upon a strong pre- sentation of the side for which he is retained, leaving it to another to make the counter-plea. Mr. Adams has in his own veins the blood of some of the men whom he accuses, notably of John Norton, the foremost figure in the Quaker persecution, and of Thomas Shepherd of Cambridge. He ruthlessly uncovers the nakedness of his forefathers: he pulls from their niches some of the most conspicuous worthies of New England, to gibbet them as bigots, tyrants and hypocrites. While it is a book of absorbing interest and undoubted value, it gives the harshest emphasis to facts about which history has been reticent. There are two sides here. J. K. H. Adams, Charles Francis. Three episodes 76 COLONIAL PERIOD, 1G07-17G0 — NEW ENGLAND 892-899 of Massachusetts history : the settlement of Boston Bay, the Antinomian controversy, a study of church and town government. Bos- ton: Houghton. 1892. 2v. S4. [892 As to the settlement of Massachusetts Bay, Mr. Adams shows full knowledge of everj' extant source, reaching the essential truth with acuteness and stat- ing it with a true Adams directness. Longer and more imiioitant than the other jiapers is a Study of church and town government, a detailed account of the town of Quincy, Mass., througli two centuries and a half. An utter absence of glamour characterizes the narrative. With Munt plainness the shortcomings as well as the creditable things are unsparingly stated. In the realistic i)icture are traits to admire, to stand aghast at, to inspire loathing. While the reader will sometimes glow over the strength and worth of the generations concerned, he will be abundantly con- vinced that his own lot is cast in wiser and kinder times. No more trustworthy delineation of the life of a New England town has ever been drawn. J. K. H. ed. Antiuomianism in the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, 1636-38. (Prince Soc. Publications.) Boston. 1894. [893 The important material reprinted in this volume is the Short story of the rise, reign, and ruine of the Antinomi- ans, the exanunation of Mrs. Hutchinson before the general court at Newtown (reprinted from the appen- dix to Hutchinson's History of Massachusetts, v. 1), the trial of Mrs. Hutchinson before the church at Boston, and that part of Cotton's Way of the churches cleared ■which contains his account of Antinomianism. The object of the able introduction by the editor is to prove that the Short story was written, not by Rev. Th. Welde, but, excepting the introduction, by Gov. Winthrop ; also that it was sent at once and in manu- script to England. There it was kept till 1C44, when the controversy over toleration between the Presby- terians and Independents had waxed hot. Then it was published in the interest of the Presbj'terians, ultimately with the addition of prefatory matter by Mr. Welde. H. L. O. Adams, Hannah. Summary history of New-England. Dedham, Mass. 1799. [894 " She does not profess to have done more than abridge the usual printed sources, as they were then understood, and to have made some use of MS. ma- terial, particularly respecting the history of Rhode Island." Justin Winsor, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 5: 159. Andros, Sir Edmund. Whitmore, "W. H., ed. Andros tracts ; with notes and memoir. (Prince Soc. Publications.) Boston. 1868-74. 3v. [89s The first volume of this series contains Mr. Whit- more's Memoir of Andros, and pamphlets, with other material, which have directly to do with the uprising in Boston of April, 1689, and its causes. The second volume is devoted chiefly to the mission of Increase Mather to England, and contains his account of nego- tiations there and various writings which he issued in defence of the conduct of Massachusetts. The contents of the third volume are more miscellaneous, including papers relating to Andros' administration, a reprint of part of Cotton Mather's memoirs of Increase Mather, and papers relating to Edward Randoljih. In these volumes is collected nearly all of the original material bearing on the revolution of 1689 in Massa- chusetts which is to be found outside the colonial archives. H. L. O. Mr. AVhitmore's memoir has effected a great change of opinion regarding the character of Andros, an opinion for which the hostility of New England his- torians toward Andros is largely responsible. Mr. Whitmore has successfully refuted the old charges against Andros, and has relieved him of the stigma of being either a placeman or a tyrant. C. M. A. Arber, Edward, ed. Story of the Pilgrim fathers, 1606-23 a. d., as told by themselves, their friends and their enemies. Boston : Houghton. 1897. $2. [896 Selections from contemporary narratives like those of Bradford and Winslow, the records in the English state papers, the city records in Leyden and Amster- dam, and those of Plymouth, etc., illustrating every phase of the history of the Pilgrim fathers down to 1624. An elaborate index, comprising over 90 columns, gives a complete clue to all the names mentioned in any of the extracts. The editor's work has been per- fonued with great care and thoroughness. No other single volume contaips so much varied contemporai-y and authentic information about the Pilgrims. E. G. B. Atwater, Edward Elias. History of the colony of New Haven to its absorption into Connecticut. New Haven : Author. 1881. [For sale by Edward P. Judd Co., New Haven, Conn. §5.] [897 Arranged topically, e. g. : Foundations laid in church and state ; Domestic and social life, etc. Based on a careful study of the sources. Patriotic but fair. Covers only a limited period in a very detailed man- ner. Style suited to a work of reference. One of the best of the New England town histories. E. C. Baker, Charlotte Alice. True stories of New England captives carried to Canada dur- ing the old French and Indian wars. Cam- bridge, Mass. : Author. 1897. §3.50. [898 No more picturesque stories can be found than those of some of the New England captives carried during King William's and Queen Anne's wars to Canada. Miss Baker, whose home is a house two centuries old, in the heart of old Deerfield, a house spared in Hertel de Rouville's raid, in 1704, seems to have imbibed from her surroundings her antiquarian zeal. With a most sympathetic touch, after having turned over in Can- ada many a parish and convent record, walking pity- ingly in tracks which the captives she celebrates trod with bare and bleeding feet, she tells of those by-gone sorrows. J. K. H. Bartlett, William Henry. Pilgrim fathers; or Founders of New England in the reign of James the First. London. 1853. New ed. Edin. : Nelson. 1866. [899 77 900-906 THE UNITED STATES Tliis work was -mitten that the British public might be better informed regardinjj: the early historj' of their kinsmen across the sea. It is a compilation put to- gether in an anecdotal and gossipy fashion, calculated to interest its readers. :Mr. ISartlett may lay claim to some originality in the attention he has given to topo- graphical details, but taken as a whole he has shown little critical ability, and in all that relates to the Pil- grims in Holland and America has contributed no- thing of value. C. M. A. Baylies, Francis. Historical memoir of the colouy of New Plymouth. Boston. 1830. 2v. " " Same ; ed. by Samuel G. Drake. Bos- ton: Wiggin. 1866. 2v. [900 Of the two editions of this work to which reference is here made the latter is the more valuable. It con- tains corrections and additions with a copious index, by S. G. Drake. Proof of the accuracy of the work is furnished by the fact that a scholar like Drake, after the lapse of thirty years, found so little to correct. Its chief defect, when viewed from the standpoint of present scholarship, arises from the fact that it was written before Bradford's History was recovered and published, and before the issue of the Plymouth Colony records. But it is still a book of such authority that the student cannot afford to neglect it. A part of it is devoted to the history of the towns of the Old Colony. It contains abstracts of the laws, and a very thorough treatment of King Philip's war. H. L. O. Belcher papers. See Massachusetts His- torical Society, sect. 318. [901 Boston. Record Commissioners. Reports. 1876-. Boston. 1876-. [902 These volumes contain, so far as printed, the records of the town of Boston. They have been carefully ed- ited, and each is furnished with a brief introduction. The two principal series of records are those of the town meetings and those of the selectmen; Until 1700 these were kept in the same books, and so are printed together. But subsequent to that date they were sep- arately kept, and are printed as two distinct series, Boston town records and Selectmen's minutes. Records of towns which are now a part of Boston — Charlestown, Dorchester, Roxbury — also ai)pear in these volumes. The Roxbury church records (Gth report) are especially interesting. A variety of miscellaneous matter has also been printed, as the "book of possessions," tax lists, deeds, lists of births, deaths and marriages, lists of admissions to the town. Of special interest are the " Gleaner'' articles in the .5th Report. H. L. O. Bradford, William. History of Plymouth plantation [ed. by Charles Deane]. (In Mass. Hist. Soc. Collections, ser. 4, v. 3.) Boston. 1856. Bradford's history of Plimoth planta- tion ; from the original MS., with proceedings incident to the return of the MS. to Massachu- setts ; printed by order of the General Court. Boston. 1898. History of the Plimoth plantation, re- produced in fac-simile by photography of ori- ginal MS. ; introd. by J. A. Doyle. Boston : Houghton. 1895. Net §25. [903 This ranks with Winthrop's Journal as one of the two most important works in early New England his- torical literature. It is as authoritative as Winthrop, and is superior to it in that it is not simply a diarj' or book of annals, but a history. It has, that is, plan, unity and a distinct literary form. It is a book which may be read through with pleasure. The author, after a part of the events occurred and as others were oc- curring, undertook to set them forth in a narrative, in such a way that their meaning might be inter- preted to and by the reader. On the one side it is the careful record of an experiment in coloniza- tion, and in it may be read the account of the con- tinuous struggle between planters and adventurers, i. e. between religion and state-building as motives, and profit as an incitement to activity. On the other side, however, the book is intensely idealistic. A fun- damental thought underlying it is, that historical development is the result of the providential dealings of God with men, carrying his saints through to tri- umiih and overwhelming their opponents with ruin. Bradford thought that the part played by the Pil- grims and New Plymouth in the great drama was not unimportant, and therefore he became the worthy historian of the colony. The sumptuous fac-simile edition possesses value as a curiosity. It will enable those who desire to see how Gov. Bradford's handwriting and manuscript looked to be gratified without a journey to Boston, where it is now preserved. But to the ordinary reader or student the only value of the book is in the sketch of Bradford's life and writings which has been pre- pared for it by Mr. Doyle. See, also, Jameson's History of historical writing in America, p. 13. H. L. O. Letter-book. See Massachusetts His- torical Society, sect. 289. Mourt's Relation. See Mourt, George, beyond, sect. 990. [904 Brattle, Thomas. Witchcraft delusion, 1692. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 289. [90s Brewster, William. Steele, Asitbel. Chief of the Pilgrims ; or The life and time of William Brewster. Phil. : Lippincott. 1857. [906 This life of Elder Brewster was authorized by the Brewster family, and its execution pl.aced in the hands of the Rev. Mr. Steele, already known as an authority on the subject. Mr. Steele had excep- tional .advantages in the way of obtaining informa- tion and his account is unbiased and fairly complete. The facts regarding Brewster's life are nowhere better given. The treatment is very subjective, the narra- tive being freely interspersed with personal comment. C. M. A. Brown, John. The Pilgrim fathers of New 78 COLONIAL PERIOD, 1607-1760 — NEW ENGLAND 907-918 England and their Puritan successors. N. Y. : Re veil. [c. 1895.] $1.50. [907 " Not a dull chapter in the book." A clear, strong account, written with special reference to Gov. Brad- ford's Histonj of Plymouth plantation and having illus- trations of high grade. Two thirds of the book are devoted to the Scrooby Company. The precursors of the Pilgrim fathers are dated back to 1105 a. u. A careful analysis of the writings of John Robinson is given. It is an English account of a great episode, unbiased and readable, but olfering no new material. " Avoids controversy." '* Conservative." See the Nation, Feb. 13, 181)6, p. 144 ; Amer. hist, rev., vol. I, Apr. 1896, pp. 541-2. H. W. H. Byington, Ezra Hoyt. The Puritan as a colonist and reformer. Boston : Little. 1899. S2. [908 " Supplements the author's ' The Puritan in Eng- land and New England.' Chapters on the Pilgrim as a colonist, the Puritan as a colonist, John Eliot, the apostle to the Indians. Jonathan Edwards and the great awakening, and Shakespeare and the Puritans." Publishers' weekly, Dec. 16, 1899. The Puritan in England and New Eng- land ; with introd. by Alexander McKenzie. Boston: Roberts. 1896. Little, $2. [909 Detached essays brought together into an attractive book. Written with a genial temper, which is in dan- ger of lapsing " into mere apology." " Explains away the bigotry of the Puritan." A popular statement, written from secondary sources, largely. The ar- rangement is topical. The last three papers furnish the most valuable and original matter, especially the researches into the records of the Pyncheon family. S>ce Amer. hist, rev., Apr. 1897, p. 532; and the Nation, Jan. 14, 1897, p. 37. H. W. H. Church, Benjamin. Entertaining passages relating to Philip's war. Boston. 1716. History of King Philip's war ; [ed.] by Henry Martin Dexter. (Library of New Eng. history.) Boston: Wiggin. 1865. [910 This is not a history of King Philip's war, but of that part of it which was fought in southeastern New England. It is a carefully prepared edition of Col. Church's Entertaining passages relating to Philip's war. This is an account told by the Colonel himself, or pre- pared from his notes, chiefly of his own exploits in that struggle. It is one of the most interesting and realistic narratives of Indian warfare which has come do\vu to us. The editor. Dr. Dexter, has corrected the text, has added notes which explain all points of topographical and genealogical interest, and has also furnished a chronological table which will be of material aid to the reader. H. L. O. History of the eastern expeditious of 1689, 1690, 1692, 1696, and 1704, against the Indians and French; [ed.] by Henry Martin Dexter. [Philip's war, pt. 2.] Boston : Wig- gin. 1867. [911 This was originally issued with the Entertaining pas- sages, though it concerns wholly different events. It contains Col. Church's account of three expeditions led by him to Maine and two to Acadia. The.se were sent out during the first and second intercolonial wars. The last was the most important, and was a plundering expedition organized in retaliation for the destruction of Deerfield. (See Parkman, A half cen- tury of conflict, 1 : 116.) The work is edited by the same hand and in the .same manner as King Philip's war. The narrative is not so interesting or detailed as that of King Philip's war, but as a record of events the two are equally reliable. H. L. O. Clark, John. Ill newes from New England, 1652. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 307. [912 Connecticut. Fundamental orders of Con- necticut. See Old South Work, sect. 368. [913 Council for New England. Records ; ed. by Charles Deane. See American Antiquarian Society, sect. 242. [914 Davis, William T. Ancient landmarks of Plymouth. Pt. 1 : Historical sketch and titles of estates. Pt. 2: Genealogical register of Plymouth families. Boston : Williams. 1883. Damrell. $4.50. [915 Neither a history of the old colony nor a history of Plymouth. The result of long delving in the Ply- mouth records. Of local interest mainly. E. C. Dexter, H. M. English exiles in Amster- dam, 1597-1625. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 343. [916 Dexter, Morton. Story of the Pilgrims. Boston : Congregational Sunday-School and Pub. Soc. [c. 1894.] Pilgrim Press. Pap. 75c. [917 This volume was written by the son of the late Henry M. Dexter, the historian of Congregationalism, for the use of Scrooby clubs, which were formed in Congregational churches for the study of the history of the Congregationalists. Mr. Dexter is at his best in his treatment of the Pilgrims out of England, and his account of their life in Holland is valuable ; but the work as a whole can be considered only moderately successful. The earlier chapters are marked by a tone of sectarianism, and the entire production is inferior, both in scholarship and in temper, to ^Valker's Con- gregationalists, which appeared in the same year (sect. 3104 a). C. M. A. Doyle, John Andrew. English colonies in America. V. 2 : The Puritan colonies. Lon- don : Longmans. 1887. 2v. N. Y.: Holt. 1887. 2v. §7. [For v. 1, see sect. 840.] [918 Covers the history of New England to near the close of Queen Anne's reign. Valuable as written by an English student from an English point of view. Based mainly on a study of some of the more important sources. Local records, as the Reports of the Boston Record Commission and serial publications as the Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society were not used by the author. Bibliography poor and maps bad. Style heavy and indistinct. E. C. 79 919-929 THE UNITED STATES Drake, Samuel Adams. Border wars of New England, commonly called King "Wil- liam's and Queen Anne's wars. N. Y.: Scrib- ner. 1897. $1.50. [919 Samuel G. Drake had collected a mass of materials for the history of these two French and Indian wars in New England, but he did not live to arrange them for publication. These materials and others his son has used in the preparation of this volume, and that with a beauty of style and arrangement to which the father could scarcely lay claim. The book is an origi- nal contribution to the history of the intercolonial wars, and has, at the same time, the popular charm which belongs to all the writings of this author. The views expressed concerning the essential conditions and issues of the struggle are believed to be sound. H. L. O. The making of New England, 1580- 1643. N. Y.: Scribner. 1886. §1.50. [920 This book embodies the results of thorough scholar- ship, presented in attractive form. In it the history of New England is traced from the beginnings of dis- covery to the formation of the Confederacy in 1643. The part devoted to Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine is especially satisfactory. Connecticut and Rhode Island receive in comparison somewhat inadequate treatment. The purpose of the book be- ing to interest youth and general readers in history, more attention is properly paid to social than to po- litical development. It comes near to being a model of its kind, both as to matter and style. H. L. O. On Plymouth Rock. 1897. 60c. Boston : Lee. [921 Rehearses the Pilgrim story in a brief, attractive form. Well suited to school use. E. C. • The taking of Louisburg, 1745. (De- cisive events in Am. history.) Boston: Lee. 1891. 50c. [922 This is a brief story, popularly told, of the siege and capture of Louisburg in 1745. Mr. Drake has dealt with the topographical features of the fortress, its strategic importance, the composition and character of the besieging forces, and the incidents and results of the siege. The account is accurately and vividly presented. C. M. A. Drake, Samuel Gardner. Annals of witch- craft in New England : and elsewhere in the U. S. Boston. 1869. [923 Earlier monographs deal almost exclusively with the well-known events of 1692. Mr. Drake here col- lects all the recorded cases of witchcraft, from the first settlement of New England to the culmination of the delusion. An opportunity for forming an impar- tial and independent judgment of the whole subject is thus made easily accessible to students, and much popular error refuted. More space is given to the earlier cases as being less familiar. Perhaps no writer has given the subject more thorough study. Ordinary students will find all they want in these Annals. S. A. D. History and antiquities of Boston, 1630-1770. Boston. 1856 [c. 1852-6]. [924 Like all the writings of Mr. Drake, this shows ex- haustive knowledge and scrupulous care. But it is the work of an antiquarian rather than an historian. The author failed to grasp the difference between a history of a town, or a municipality, and that of a colony. The larger part of the space is devoted to events which strictly concern the history of the col- ony. Municijjal affairs proper are often referred to in notes rather than in the text. H. L. O. The old Indian chronicle: being a col- lection of exceeding rare tracts written and published in the time of King Philip's war. Boston. 1836. S. A. Drake. 1867. [925 The title of the work is suggestive of its exceeding importance as a contribution to the history and eth- nology of Massachusetts in the latter part of the 17th century. It contains several tracts not appearing in the edition of 1836, and a map showing the places made memorable by King Philip's war. F. W. H. Particular history of the five years' French and Indian war, 1744-49, sometimes called Gov. Shirley's war. Albany : Munsell. 1870. [926 By "Particular history" the author means a de- tailed history. The book consists mainly of a " diary of the depredations " committed by French and In- dians along the New England frontier between 1744 and 1749. The horrors of border warfare — what the French called la petite guerre — are brought out with clearness and force. Among the contemporary narra- tives used, the author mentions, with special praise, those of Rev. Benj. Doolittle of Northfield, Mass. In the valuable appendices Rev. John Norton's Redeemed captive, and a part of Rev. Th. Prince's thanksgiving sermon, preached after the fall of Louisburg, are re- printed. The author was one of the most painstaking students of Indian history, and here he lets the events, carefully collected and clearly presented, tell their own story. H. L. O. Dudley, Thomas. Jones, Augustine. Life and work of Thomas Dudley, the second governor of Massachusetts. Boston : Hough- ton. 1899. Net $5. [927 "No one can deny that Mr. Augustine Jones, in his Life and work of Thomas Dudley, shows careful reading of his sources, and much zeal and patience in select- ing and bringing together, facts relating to that worthy. Not so much can be said for his literary method." X>tai (Chicago), 27 : 245. Dudley records. See Massachusetts His- torical Society, sect. 350. [928 Dunton, John. Letters written from New- England, A. D. 1686 ; with notes by W. H. Whitmore. (Prince Soc. Publications.) Bos- ton. 1867. [929 An important and interesting account of New Eng- land, and particularly of Boston society, as it was 80 COLONIAL PERIOD, 1607-1760 — NEW ENGLAND 930-939 near the close of the 17th century. The writer was a be used as a text-book or not, it cannot fail to acconi' bookseller and editor, who visited New Enj^land in 1680, and who pives his impressions in letters which may, or may not, have been written in their present form to his friends in England. The writer is on the whole a sympathetic observer of Puritan society in its later and milder form. He borrows freely and with- out acknowledgment from other writers — Josselyn, Mather's Magnolia, and Williams' Key to the Indian lan- guages. The long conversations which he reports must not be considered as verbally accurate reproductions. H. L. O. Eliot, John. Narrative, 1670. See Old South Work, sect. 368. [930 Elliott, Charles Wyllys. The New Eng- land history, A. D. 986-1776. N. Y. : Scrib- ner. 1857. 2 v. [931 The aim of the writer of these volumes was to give " a more simple, compact and picturesque re-presenta- tion " of the history of the period than it had received. By the discussion of opinions, forms of general and local government, laws, manners and social life ; by tracing the characters and careers of leading person- alities, and by a judicious selection of events upon which to lay emphasis, the author sought to exhibit the real tendencies of the period. He frequently re- sorted to apt quotations to illustrate his views. But he did not produce a genuinely philosophical history. The work contains much that is suggestive, and the use made of material is often admirable. But the author exhibits the shallowness which is characteris- tic of 18tli century writers, and his admiration for colonial democracy is of too pronovinced a type to per- mit of his doing justice to aught save the independent tendencies of old Puritan New England. H. L. O. Ellis, George Edward. Paper and letter on Mr. Whittiers poem. The king's missive, with letter of Mr. Whittier on the same. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 334. [932 Puritan age and rule in the colony of Massachusetts Bay, 1629-85. Boston : Hough- ton. 1888. S3. 50. [9133 An elaborate study of the sources, vrith a philosophi- cal grasp of the essential elements of Puritanism. Impartial, critical. A portrayal of " the inner life of that strange period." The author's implied thesis is, — "No organic form of civil government can safely base itself on religion." He emphasizes the cordial reception given by the Puritans to the Jesuit Father Druillettes. See Nation, July 12, 1888, p. 35. H. W. H. Fassett, James Hiram. Colonial life in New Hampshire. Boston : Ginn. 1899. 60c. [934 This book has been written to cany out the author's pedagogical theoiy ; namely, that children should tirst be interested in local legends and tales, later in colo- nial history, and, finally, in state histoiy. It is, there- fore, a text-book for young New Hampshire students. It is admirably written and printed, and whether it plish its puri)ose of interesting the young people for whom it is intended. C. M. A. Felt, Joseph Barlow. Customs of New England. Boston. 1853. . [935 Strictly speaking, this is more a catalogue of articles of domestic use, and of what the people of New Eng- land wore from infancy to old age, than of thejr cus- toms 250 years ago. But from his standjioint Dr. Felt comes very near exhau.sting the subject. The correct stage-setting and costuming of a remote period have a recognized value to its history. These Dr. Felt gives us as no one else has done, describing the nature and uses of everything with painstaking fidelity. S. A. D. Ferguson, Henry. Essays in American his- tory. N. Y. : Pott. [c. 1894.] $1.25. [936 This volume contains four essays, " The Quakers in New England," "The witches," "Sir Edmund An- dros," and "The loyalists," written for the purpose of controverting the older views of such historians as Bancroft, Palfrey and others. Professor Ferguson presents a severe indictment of the Puritans for their treatment of the Quakers and the witches, yet treats the subject with calmness and impartiality, as well as with learning. In his defence of Andros and the loy- alists he is more argumentative and assumes the atti- tude of a pleader. He cannot be said in either of these instances to be strictly impartial, though in relieving Andros and the loyalists of the reproach that has hitherto been cast upon them he has sei-ved the cause of truth and justice in histoi^:. C. 31. A. Fiske, John. Beginnings of New Eng- land ; or The Puritan theocracy in its relations to civil and religious liberty. Boston: Hough- ton. 1889. $2. [937 As the title indicates, this is not a formal history of New England, but an attempt to indicate the principles at work in its history down to the Revolution of 1689. The whole is considered as an illustration of the Eng- lish method of nation-making, i. e., by incorporation with representation. The settlement of the Puritan colonies, the formation of the Confederacy and the overthrow of the Andros government are taken as the chief features of the period. But a good deal of extraneous matter is introduced, and the elements of the problem are not very clearly defined. The part played by the Gorges interest has been treated with scant justice. Though written in an interesting and suggestive style, it is not a well thought out book. H. L. O. Folsom, George. History of Saco and Biddeford, with notices of other early settle- ments. Saco. 1830. [938 " The best town history then written in New Eng- land, as it was also the best history of the Province of Maine." C. Deane, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 3 : 365. Foster, William Eaton, ed. Early attempts at Rhode Island history. See Rhode Island His- torical Society. Coll., V. 7. 1885. [939 81 940-954 THE UNITED STATES Gardiner, Sir Christopher. Adams, C. F. Sir Christopher Gardiner. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 336. [940 Goodwin, John Abbott. The Pilgrim re- public, an historical review of the colony of New Plymouth; with sketches of the rise of other New England settlements, the history of Con- gregationalism and the creeds of the period. Bosl;on: Ticknor. 1888. Houghton. §4. [941 An elaborate and impartial study, based on a care- ful examination of original sources, not easily found. Written for poimlar reading, but " without much imagination and humor." The preface contains an estimate of the original and secondary authorities. There is considerable fulness of valuable detail as to local affairs at Plymouth. " Sombre." " Learned." See ^.^ation, July 12, 1888, p. 35. H. W. H. Gorges, Sir Ferdinando. Briefe narration of the originall undertakings of the advance- ment of plantations into the parts of America. See Maine Historical Society, sect. 276. [942 Description of New England. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 302. [943 — Baxter, James P., ed. Sir Ferdinando Gorges and his province of Maine. (Prince Soc. Publications.) Boston. 1890. 3v. [944 Among the works issued by the Prince Society to illustrate the hitherto neglected side of New England history^ this occupies a prominent place. The first volume contains a careful memoir of Gorges by Sir. Baxter; also a critical reprint of Gorges' Briefe relation. In the second volume is a reprint of the Briefe narra- tion, of the Breefe answer to charges against Gorges growing out of the Essex trial, of Gorges' will and other miscellaneous matter. The third volume, to- gether with part of the second, contains the corre- spondence of Gorges. Here, edited with skill and accuracy, are all the accessible materials upon wliich to base a judgment concerning the character and ob- jects of the Founder of Maine. H. L. O. Gorton, Samuel. Simplicities defence against seven-headed policy. See Rhode Island Historical Society. Coll., v. 2. 1835. [945 — Janes, Lewis George. Samuell Gor- ton, a forgotten founder of our liberties, first settler of Warwick, R. I. (Rhode Island series, 8.) Providence: Preston. 1896. Net§l. [946 " Mr. Janes does not add much to our knowledge of Gorton (who is anything but ' forgotten '), but he makes plain the peculiar views of this uncomfortable neighbor to the Bay." A'aiiora, G4: 114. Gosnold, Bartholome-w. Documents relat- ing to his voyage to New England. See Mas- sachusetts Historical Society, sect. 304. [947 Griffis, William Elliot. The Pilgrims in their three homes, England, Holland, America. Boston: Houghton. 1898. $1.25. (Riverside library for young people.) 75c. [948 A vigorous, rhetorical, popular account of the Pil- grim fathers. The closing chapters deal topically with the social, political and religious conditions obtaining in the early New England days. Polemic rather than historical. Hall, Benjamin Homer. History of east- ern Vermont to the close of the 18th century. N. Y. : 1858. Albany : Munsell. 1865. 2v. [949 This is emphatically an original work, the result of long research among the sources of Vermont history. The author himself states that the book was prepared from MS. materials found in the offices of the Secre- taries of State of Vermont, New York, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Connecticut. The Clinton papers at Albany proved a valuable source of information. Much detailed local histoi-y respecting the settlement of towTis is incorporated into the work. It contains a verj' full and authentic history of the controversy over the New Hampshire grants. And yet this is imperfect, for it has reference chiefly to events which occurred in eastern Vermont. The account of that conflict merges into the history of the Revolution and of the organization of government in Vermont, which occu- pies more than one half of the work. It closes with the admission of Vermont into the Union. H. L. O. Haven, Samuel F. The Mathers and the witchcraft delusion. See American Antiqua rian Society, sect. 242. [950 Higginson, Francis. New England's plan- tation, 1629. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 286. [951 Hinckley papers. See Massachusetts His- torical Society, sect. 310. [952 Howe, Daniel Wait. The Puritan repub- lic of the Massachusetts Bay in New England. Indianapolis: Bowen. [c. 1899.] §3.50. [953 This is an attempt to tell once more the story of the Puritans and the devclojiment of the government they established in America. Mr. Howe prejudices his reader against him at the outset by confounding Pilgrims with Puritans and so throwing doubt on his sense of historical accuracy. He has told his story with unnecessary dryness, and without an adequate appreciation of the needs of the general reader on one side or the demands of the student on the other. The book contains much information, but nothing that is either new or original. C. M. A. Hoyt, Epaphras. Antiquarian researches: comprising a history of the Indian wars in the country bordering on the Connecticut River, to 1760. Greenfidd, Mass. 1824. [954 " A systematic treatment of the whole subject." Justin Winsor, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 5: 187. 82 COLONIAL PERIOD, 1607-1760 — NEW ENGLAND 955-961 Hubbard, William, General history of New England, to 1680. Boston : Mass. Hist. Soc. 1815. Same. 2d ed. [rev.]. Boston: Mass. Hist. Soc. 1848. Same. (Mass. Hist. Soc. Collections, ser. 2, V. 5-6.) Boston. 1848. [955 James Savage, in a note to his edition of Winthrop's History of New England, I, 297 (old pagination), gave tlie following estimate of this work: "A small part of his (Ilul)bard's) volume was certainly compiled from several scarce tracts relative to the discovery of oin- coast and the early voyages to it; and for any- thing of date preceding 1630, his information is some- times authentic, and often curious. A collation witli Morton's Memorial will, however, prove the facility with which Hubbard transcribed wliole pages in suc- cession, even from a printed book. But from the time when Winthrop came to his aid, he generously relies on him, and deems the labor of copying sufHcient ; so tliat more than seven eighths of his volume, be- tween 1630 and 1660, is borrowed, usually by specitk; extracts, occasionally with unimportant changes, from the text of the 'Father of Massachusetts.' It must be acknowledged, however, that sometimes he wisely abbreviates; though much more frequently he slides over circumstances, as dates or numbers, in which the chirography of the MS. would have given him too much trouble to be accurate." This judg- ment, while in the main correct, is a little too sweep- ing. Considerable matter about the smaller colonies of New England subsequent to 1630 will be found in Hubbard which is not in Winthrop, while purely ecclesiastical affairs are treated more at length. The value of Hubbard's History for the period following the death of Winthrop is not great. H. L. O. History of the Indian wars in New England to 1677. Eev. by Samuel G. Drake. Roxbury, Mass. : Woodward. 1865. 2v. [956 This is Hulibard's best work; Drake calls it "valu- able and popular." The latter it certainly was. It con- tains a detailed history of the so-called King Philip's war, in two parts. The subject of the first part is the war in southern New England ; that of the second part is the war, or " troubles " from Piscataqua to Pema- quid. In addition the work contains a briefer review of earlier conflicts and difficulties with the Indians, especially the Pequot war. In his account of the latter, Hubbard made use of Capt. Mason's History of the Pequod ivar. Inaccuracies appear in the work ; some declare that they are numerous. But Drake, whose notes are elaborate, and whose knowledge of the subject was unrivalled, makes few corrections, and they only in minor points. H. L. O. Hunter, Joseph. Collections concerning the early history of the founders of New Ply- mouth. See jMassachusetts Historical Society, sect. 306. [957 Hutchinson, Mrs. Anne. Report of her trial, 1G38. See Massachusetts Historical Soci- ety, sect. 340. [958 Hutchinson, Thomas. Collection of origi- nal papers relative to the history of the colony of Massachusetts- Bay. Boston. 1769. Hutchinson papers. (Prince Soc. Pub- lications.) Albany : Munsell. 1865. 2 v. [959 A miscellaneous collection of letters and other papers which w.as made by Hutchinson preparatory to the writing of tlie first volume of his History of Massachusetts. As the originals of many of tliem have been lost, the copies here are unique. Worthy of particular mention are documents illustrative of the Antinomian controversy, the record of the quo war- ranto proceedings against the Massachusetts charter in 1635, Winthrop's answer to the Ipswich letter about La Tour, the Abstract of the lawes of New England pro- posed by John Cotton, documents relating to tlie con- troversy with Robert Child and others (Presbj1;erians), and (in 2nd vol.) those relating to the controversy with the home government which culminated in the recall of the charter. Of special importance among these last are the letters and reports of Randolph. A col- lection of prime importance to the student and liis- torian. H. L. O. Diary and letters, with an account of his administration ; comp. from the original documents by P. O. Hutchinson. Boston : Houghton. 1884-86. 2v. SIO, net. [960 The story as narrated by himself of a man whose fate was perhaps as tragic as that of any figure in American history. Possessed of great abilities and high personal character, of tlie best New England stock, coming forward almost in youth into conspic- uous position, an efficient public servant in a variety of places, — places thrust upon him rather than sought by him and in which he served for little or nothing, — selectman, representative, councillor, chief justice, governor, — the best financier, the ablest judge, the most capable administrator, the most conspicuous lit- erary figure of his time, he yet was without demo- cratic sympathies, and quite failed to see that the infringement by the British government of popular riglits justified the breaking loose which resulted in the United States. For his shortcoming he was made to atone most bitterly. With his life in his hand he fought for his losing cause. Exiled at last, with his fortune confiscated, his sons ruined, his daughters dying broken-hearted, — with calamity overwhelming almost every being, almost every institution he cared for, he lived a pensioner until he sank into his wel- come grave. The pathetic story is unrolled in these extracts, the editing of which leaves much to be de- sired. (See sect. 1371.) J. K. H. History of the colony of Massachusetts- Bay, 1628-91. Boston. 1764. History of the province of Massachu- setts-Bay, 1691-1750. Boston. 1767. History of the province of 3Iassachu- setts Bay, 1749-74. London: Murray. 1828. [961 A work of high importance as the first connected history of Massachusetts from its foundation to the 83 962-968 THE UNITED STATES beginning of the Revolution. Vols. I and II pub- lished in Boston, 17W, '67: vol. Ill not until 1828, nearly fifty ye;irs after the writer's death. 'Written in the intervals of a pressing public career ; for the most part, as regards the first two vols, at least, it was the first thought that went to the printer, the writer finding no time for revision. The shortcomings are grave. There are unfortunate gaps, the historian failing to make note of important events which should have been considered. In the author's circum- scribed view the relations of the story he is telling to the general world movement are imperfectly appre- hended. The style is quite unrelieved by any pictur- esqueness. Hawthorne said of it that " a duller book never came from the brain of mortal." Making every deduction, however, it is a work of great value. Hutchinson had access to many documents which have since perished. He is in the main accurate, and when he reaches the period during which he himself was a great political figure, the calmness of his tone and his g leral candor are remarkable. The third volume has most interest. J. k. H. Johnson, Ed-ward. History of New Eng- land. 1628-52 [runninrj title. The wonder- working Providence of Sion's Saviour in New England]. London. 1654. Same. (In Massachusetts Hist. Soc. Collections, v. 12, 14, 17, 18.) Boston. 1814- 19. [962 "The London publisher saw fit to alter this upon the title-page to The history of New England; but in the head-lines of the pages the title chosen by the author is followed throughout. A history of New England the book is not, but rather a history of Mas- sachusetts down to the year 1651. Among the New England histories it has the distinction of having been the first to appear in print, for it was printed in London in 1653 (dated 1654). It was printed anony- mously, but its author is known to have been Captain Edward Johnson, selectman and town clerk of the town of Woburn in Massachusetts. . . . The hot zeal, the narrow partisanship, the confident dogmatism, which characterized so much of Puritanism, have in him a striking example. . . . While he gives much valuable information, especially as to the successive planting of new towns and churches in Massachu- setts, he is not seldom inaccurate." J. F. Jameson, Tlie history of historical writing in Am., pp. 29-40. Josselyn, John. Account of two voyages to New-England, 1638, 1663. London. 1674. *S'«7fte, 2d ed. London. 1C75. Same. {In Mass. Hist. Soc. Collec- tions, ser. 3, V. 3.) Boston. 1833. Same. Boston : W. Veazie. 1865. [963 The only critical edition of the two voyages together Is that published in 1865. Josselyn was chiefly an observer of nature (see his New England's rarities, in Transactions of Am. Antiiiuarian Soc. IV), and hence his narratives in this volume consist chiefly of ac- counts of the author's voyages across the ocean, of the weather, plants, animals, native inhabitants of New England. He visited Boston and points on the Maine coast. The accovmt of the first voyage is a very slight production; that of the second is much longer and more important. In this he devotes more space to the English settlers, describes Boston, comments unfavorably on the inhabitants of New England because of their independency in religion. " His history," says Ch. Deane, "is often erroneous." He returned home in 1671, " heartily weai-y." H. L. O. Knight, Mrs. Sarah Kemble. Journal, 1704-5, ed. by Theodore Dwight. N. Y. 1825. Albany. 1865. [964 " The Journal kept by Mistress Sarah Kemble Knight, a dame of Boston — buxom, blithe, and de- bonair—who in October, 1704, being then thirty-eight years of age, a wife and a mother, traveled on horse- back from Boston through Rhode Island and southern Connecticut to New Haven, a journey of five days ; thence in December, to New York, a journey of two days ; returning home by the same route, and reach- ing Boston in March, 1705. In the pauses of her jour- ney each day, she carefully jotted do^vn her adventures and her own comments upon them, doing this with no little sprightliness and graphic power. . . . Her Journal, published for the first time in 1825, is an amusing little book, and has special value as a realis- tic picture of rural manners in New York and New England in the first decade of the eighteenth century." Moses Coit Tyler, A history of American literature, v. 2, p. 97. Lechford, Thomas. Plain dealing ; or Newes from New-England : a short view of New-England's present government, both ec- clesiasticall and civil, compared with the an- ciently-received and established government of England. London. 1642. Same. {In Massachusetts Hist. Soc. Collections, v. 23. 1833.) Same; ed. with notes and introd. by J. Hammond Trumbull. Boston. 1867. [965 " Full of valuable information relating to the man- ners and customs of the colony, written by an able and impartial hand." C. Deane, in Narrative and crit- ical hist, of Am., 3: 351. Levett, Christopher. Voyage to New England. See Massachusetts Historical Soci- ety, sect. 304. [966 Love, W. DeLoss, Jr. Fast and thanks- giving days of New England. Boston: Hough- ton. 1895. S3. [967 A very thorough and exhaustive, but discriminating and interesting work. A culture-historical work of permanent value. E. C. R. Lowell Institute, Boston. Lectures by members of the Massachusetts Historical So- ciety on subjects relating to the early history of Massachusetts. Boston. 1869. [968 84 COLONIAL PERIOD, 1607-17G0 — NEW ENGLAND 909-980 Tliis volume contains a series of thirteen leetures delivered in 1809, and separately i)ul)lislied by the So- ciety. They concern the early institutions and policy of Massachusetts, chietly under the first charter. Of special value are the lectures by Dr. Ellis, one on the Aims and purposes of the founders of M/tssachusetts, and the other on The treatment of intruders and dissentirmls. Out of these have grown his Puritan age in Massachu- setts. In the History of grants under the Great Council for New England, S. F. Haven supplements and cor- rects the list of those grants given by I'alfrey. The first charter and early religious legislation, by Joel Parker, is one of the most important monographs extant on the early policy of Massachusetts. The volume is one of great interest both to the student and general reader. H. L. O. McManus, Blanche (IVIrs. M. F. Mansfield). Voyage of the Mayflower. (Colonial mono- graphs, no. 1.) N. Y.: Herrick. 1897. [969 The series of colonial monographs is intended to present terse but authoritative sketches of some of the most interesting, important, and decisive events that led up to the founding of the American republic. This volume contains only seventy-two pages, is clev- erly illustrated, and gives an account of the move- ments of the Pilgrims from England to Holland, and from Holland to America. It is accurate and appre- ciative, and is more scholarly than are many more pretentious works. C. M. A. Mason, Capt. John. Brief history of the Pequot war. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 296. [970 — Dean, John Ward, ed. Capt. John Mason, the founder of New Hampshire: in- cluding his tract on Newfoundland, 1620, etc., with a memoir by Charles Wesley Tuttle. (Prince Soc. Publications.) Boston. 1887. [971 This book is similar in plan to Baxter's Gorges (sect. 944). In the memoir is brought together all that is knowTi about the European career of Mason. In this and other essays, particularly that on Mason's Plan- tations on the Piscataqua, his American projects are described. His charters and wlU are here printed, and also such correspondence of his as can be recov- ered. Of special importance is the light thrown on the history of the Laconia Company in the mono- graph on Mason's Plantations. The liiographical and editorial work in this volume is thorough and exhaus- tive. H. L. O. Massachusetts and the Commissioners, 1662-66. See Massachusetts Historical Soci- ety, sect. 296. [972 Massachusetts Bay, Company of the. Records to the embarkation of Winthrop and his associates. See American Antiquarian So- ciety, sect. 230. [973 Massachusetts Bay Colony. Charter, 1629. See Old South Work, sect. 368. [974 Massachusetts. Body of Liberties. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 804. [975 Mather, Cotton. M.\rvin, Abijaii Piiu- KiNs. Life and times of Cotton Mather; or A Boston minister of two centuries ago. Bos- ton: Congregational Sunday-School and Pub. Soc. [c. 1892.] [976 This is a voluminous 1)iography, drj', and conven- tional in treatment; a chronicle of the events of a busy man's life. Based on Mather's diary and other reliable sources, it is full of valuable facts. These facts are, however, badly arranged and without other nexus than that of time. No attempt is made to give Ma- ther's place in New England history or theology, and consequently the work has neither historical back- ground nor depth. It has, however, substantial mer- its in that it is accurate and full of details of Mather's public and domestic life. It is temperaft'and fairly impartial, though the author has great admiration for the subject of Iiis biography and is anxtOus to relieve him of the charges brought against him, notably ^ superstition and belief in witchcraft. C. M. A. — Poole, William Fredeuick. Cotton Mather and Salem witchcraft. Boston. 1869. [977 Mr. Poole here defends, vigorously and ably. Rev. Cotton Mather against the charge of having pro- moted the spread of the witchcraft craze, at Salem,' Massachusetts, in 1092. Not only was Mr. Poole well equipped for the discussion, but he knew how to mar- shal his facts with telling effect. No stronger vindi- cation of Mather has yet appeared, and no attempt to fix criminal responsibility upon him has been so ably controverted. Incidentally, some discrepancies in Calef's More wonders are noticed. Mr. Poole handles his opponents without gloves, but makes no loose or ill-grounded statements. S. A. D. Mather, Increase. Relation of the troubles which have hapned in New-England, by rea- son of the Indians there, 1614-75. Boston. 1677. Early history of New England; with introd. and notes by Samuel G. Drake. Bos- ton : for editor. 1864. [978 An elaborate edition of this famous source together with Mather's Historical discourse concerning the preva- lency of prayer, wherein is shown that N. England^s late de- liverance from the rage of the heathen is an eminent answer to prayer. The text is reliable but introd. and notes crowded with affectations and of little or no value. See Hist, mag., May, 18G4, pp. 191, 192, for another view. H. W. H. Mather papers. See Massachusetts Histor- ical Society, sect. 311. [979 Maverick, Samuel. Account of New Eng- land in 1630. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 837. [980 Minot, George Richards, Continuation of 85 981-989 THE UNITED STATES the history of the province of Massachusetts Bay, 1748-65 ; with iutroductory sketch of events from its original settlement. Published according to act of Congress. Boston. 1798- 1803. 2v. [981 This is a continuation of Hutchinson's History of Massdchuselts Bay, based on such material as could be found at that time in the state and dealing chiefly with the internal history. The work covers the ad- ministrations of Shirley, Fhips, Pownal and Bernard. It was Judge Minot's intention to continue his his- tory to 1775, but he died before he could do this, and the second volume, unfinished, was published post- humously. The work is inferior to that of Hutchinson both in plan and in arrangement, yet it contains much important information and comment and is written in a graceful and pleasing style. C. M. A. This work, had its author lived to complete it, would have formed an introduction to the history of the Revolution in Massachusetts. It is written by a trained lawyer and judge, and is filled with sober and weighty discussion of political and constitutional questions. It, of course, is written from the Amer- ican standpoint, but it does not betray that intensity of partisanship which some later writers have shown. It is one of the best of the older state histories. Its style is clear and concise. It may be read with profit in connection with the third volume of Hutchinson's History of Massachusetts and Bradford's State papers. H. L. O. Moore, George Henry. Final notes on witchcraft in Massachusetts. Boston : Cup- pies. 1885. [982 Besides being Dr. Moore's final word in his discus- sion with Mr. Goodell, an Appendix deals with the legality of the court which tried the witchcraft cases. Dr. Moore emphatically denies its legality. Tliere is also a history of the Massachusetts General Court records. Cotton Mather's agency in the witchcraft troubles is severely denounced. (Read with this Poole's vindication, sect. 977.) The discussion is chiefly im- portant to that class of students who wish to leave no stone unturned, and for bringing out facts, in the form of citations and footnotes, that show exhaustive research. Dr. Moore argues with much force, and ■s\ith thorough knowledge, though not always in a strictly judicial temper. S. A. D. Notes on the bibliography of witchcraft in 3Iassachusetts. See American Antiquarian Society, sect. 237. [983 Notes on the history of slavery in Mas- sachusetts. N. Y.: Appleton. 1866. [984 This book was prepared to controvert the view, often expressed during the slavery controversy, that slavei-j- was never legal in Massachusetts. The author shows by careful citation of facts and authorities that this view is false. He reviews thus the history of the enslavement of Indians, of their exchange in the West Indies for negroes, and of the direct trade in slaves carried on by provincial Massachusetts with Africa. The author also traces the growth of an anti- slavery sentiment in the colony, but finds no proof of its existence, except in the minds of individuals, prior to the period of the American Revolution. No attemi)t is made to give literary form to the material in the book, but it is a most thorough and authorita- tive collection of data on the subject. H. L. O. Notes on the history of witchcraft in Massachusetts. See American Antiquarian Society, sect. 234. [985 Moore, George Henry, et al. Witchcraft in ]\Iassachusc'tts. See Massachusetts Histor- ical Society, sect. 337. [986 Morrell, William. Account of New Eng- land. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 286. [987 Morton, Nathaniel. New-England's me- moriall. Cambridge. 1669. New England's memorial; [ed.] by John Davis. Boston. 1826. Same; with [extracts from] Bradford's History, etc. Boston : Cong. Pub. Co. 1855. New ed. 1878. [988 This puriJorts to be a historj' of Xew Plymouth from its settlement to 16G9, with some account of the fortunes of the Leyden Separatists in Europe. The writer was for a long time Secretary of Plymouth Colony, and hence had a good opportunity to give original information. But the larger part of the book is, as Morton admitted in his preface, an outline of Bradford's History, to which he had access in manu- scrijit. Some additional information was obtained from Winslow's writings. The only part of the book which has even any literary merit is that M'hich has come from these sources. The rest possesses neither literary nor historical value. H. L. O. Morton, Thomas. New English Canaan. London. 1G32. Same; [ed.] by Charles Francis Adams. (Prince Soc. Publications.) Boston. 1883. [989 The contents of this volume are an elaborate me- moir of Thomas Morton by the editor, and a critical reprint, with notes, of Morton's Kew English Canaan. Morton was a royalist libertine tran.splanted into Xew England, who therefore speedily became an object of distrust and attack by the settlers in the neighbor- hood of Merrymount. He in turn labored against the Puritans both in England and in the colonies, so long as he had strength and opportunity. The book which he wrote and dedicated to the Commissioners of Plan- tations, at the head of whom was Archbishoj) Laud, is the production of an erratic mind, and contains a mix- tiire of truth and error about New England, its aborigi- nal and English inhal)itants. " It is," says the editor, " the author's sense of humor which gives to the New Canaan its only real distinction among the early works relating to New England." But its interest is such as to justify the able editing which it here receives. H. L. O. Mourt, George. Relation or iournall of the beginning and proceedings of the English plantation at Plimoth. London. 1622. 86 COLONIAL PERIOD, 1607-1760— NEW ENGLAND 990-998 jMourt's Relation : or Journal of the plantation at Plymouth ; with introduction and notes by Henry jNIartyn Dexter. Boston : Wig- gin. 1865. [990 This relation was edited with care by Alexander Young;, and printed in his Chronicles of the Pilgrims, but Dexter's edition contains notes and a critical in- troduction by an antiquarian whose knowledge of the Old Colony has not been surpassed. In some minute points it improves upon Younji's edition, and prob- ably does for the Relation all that modern scholar- ship can accomplish. But in the preparation of the text — as in other instances of American bookmaking — antiquarianism has veritably run mad. So anxious were the editor and publishers to reproduce the origi- nal with exactness that they have been as careful to preserve the misprints as the genuine parts of the text. H. L. O. Mourt's Relation, " a daily journal of the first twelve months (Sept., 1C20, to Dec. 11, 1G21), so called from the name, ' G. Mourt,' subscribed to the preface, but doubtless written by Bradford and Winslow. ■The standard edition is that of 1865, with notes by Dr. H. M. Dexter." Franklin B. Dexter, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 3: 290. Neal, Daniel. History of New England, containing an impartial account of the civil and ecclesiastical affairs of the country to 1700 ; appendix containing present Charter, ecclesiastical discipline, and municipal laws. London. 1720. 2v. 2d ed. 1747. 2v. [991 Neal wrote in 1719, and brought his hLstory down to the year 1700. His chief authorities were Winslow, Morton, Wood, Josselyn, Increase and Cotton Mather, and Hubbard, but he used also contemporaiy pam- phlets and letters, and obtained by inquiry some pri- vate information. His work was, therefore, superior to anything of the kind that preceded it. He de- pended to a large extent on M.Ather's Magnalia, but his attitude is that of one who wishes to be impartial. This is shown in his condemnation of the Puritans for their treatment of the Quakers, and in his criticism of their attitude toward witchcraft. Though he deals chiefly with political, militarj', and religious questions, he has an interesting chapter, largely condensed from Josselyn, describing the state of New England ; and he has paid some attention to legislative history, as an abridgment of the laws and ordinances of New Eng- land, which is printed in his appendix, attests. His style is often sprightly and he displays a sense of humor. For some aspects of the revolution of 1C88-9 his work is still useful. C. M. A. Kevins, Winfield S. Witchcraft in Salem village in 1692. Boston: Lee. 1892. §1.25. [992 Tlie author aimed at writing a popular book on the subject of witchcraft. He reviews the earlier cases, gives a good deal of the testimony, and adds brief sketches of the lives of the accused persons. So far the book meets the requirements of those who are looking for a condensed, yet fair, narrative. As re- gards the causes of this insolvable mystery, Mr. Nev- ins advances a theory of his own which is interesting, if not convincing. He defends Cotton Mather. S. A. D. New England primer : a reprint of the earliest known edition ; with many facsimiles and reproductions, and an historical introd. ed. by Paul Leicester Ford. N. Y. : Dodd. 1899. [c. 1897.] 81.50. [993 " Contains in a condensed form the essential features of the expensive illustrated edition of the New Eng- land primer edited by Mr. Ford and published in 1897. See notice, ' Weekly record,' P. W., October IG, '97." Publisher's weekly, 56 : 867. New England's Jonas cast up in London, 1647. See ]Massacliusetts Historical Society, sect. 293. [994 New Hampshire grants. Documents re- lating to the controversy. See New-York Historical Society, sect. 354. [995 New Hampshire province. Records and court papers, 1680-92. See New Hampshire Historical Society. Coll., v. 8. 1866. [996 Northend, William Dummer. The Bay Colony : a civil, religious and social history of the Massachusetts colony, 1624-50. Boston : Estes. 1896. §2. [997 " This is a well-written epitome of the story which has been told so many times in the larger histories. The introduction treats of Plymouth colony and the work antecedent to the foundation of Massachusetts Bay. . . . The settlements at Cape Ann led to the larger movement of the Bay Colony proper. ... Of neces- sity, the stoi-y is founded on Winthrop's journal, and copious extracts are drawn from that masterly piece of history. If the general reader can be induced to read the original for himself, this book will have served a very useful purpose. . . . The book is inter- esting and agreeable, as much detail encumbering the larger histories is stripped off or avoided. It ends rather precipitately, with the death of Winthrop." American historical review, 2 : 534. Oliver, Peter. The Puritan common- wealth : an historical review of the Puritan government in Massachusetts, to the abroga- tion of the first charter. Boston : Little. 1856. [998 An account of colonial Massachusetts from the point of view of an ardent churchman and upholder of aristocratic ideas. Peter Oliver was a descendant of the Olivers who at the time of the American Revolution stood stoutly with the Tories. He has no love for Puri- tanism. While the tone of Mr. Oliver is thus that of a belated cavalier and prelatist, he is well informed and able. The work has value as a counter-weight to the numerous presentments of New England Puritan- ism quite too partial. J. K. H. Off, Charles, ed. History of the Pequot war: the contemporary accounts of Mason, Underbill, Vincent and Gardener; reprinted 87 999-1007 THE UNITED STATES from the Collections of the Massachusetts His- torical Society, with additional notes and an iutrod. Cleveland: Helman-Taylor. 1897. §3.50. [999 Contents : A brief history of the Pequot war . . . ; by. Maj. John :>Iason, with introd. by Thomas Prince. Boston. 173G. — Xewes from America; by Captaine John rncleriiill. London. 1638. —A true relation of the late battell fought in New-England, between the Englisli and the Pequet salvages, by Philip Vincent. London. 1638. — Leift Lion Gardener his relation of the Peciuot warres [extract]. Palfrey, John Gorham. Compendious his- tor}^ of New England to the first general con- gress of the Anglo-American colonies. Boston : Houghton, (c. 1873.) [v. 1-2 first pub. 18G5.] 4v. $6. [looo The character of these volumes can best be indi- cated by stating what parts of Mr. Palfrey's larger work they do not contain. All of the notes and ref- erences are omitted, as are the chapters in which Mr. Palfrey traced the progress of events in England during the 17th centuiy. In some parts also the text of the original has been greatly cut down and merely the most important statements or passages retained. As the last two volumes of the original contain no special chapters on English history, those appear in the Compendious historywith least change. Distinct headings have been supplied for the chapters through- out. To the serious reader the omission of the notes and references involves irreparable loss. He will not care to use the Compendious history if the original is accessible. H. L. O. History of New England during the Stuart dynasty. Boston : Little. 1858-64. 3v. [lOOI Mr. Palfrey was the leading representative of the so-called filio-pietistic school of New England histo- rians. He was a thorough-going defender of Puritan Massachusetts. He seemed to think that the posi- tion which that colony sought to occupy within the British system was a normal one. He justified her ecclesiastical policy, as well as her attitude toward the home government. In these volumes may be found the facts and arguments upon which that view is based, and by which it is supported. It is a most thorough, painstaking work, indispensable to the student and serious reader. The notes are especially valuable. Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Maine inadequately treated. H. L. O. History of New England from the revo- lution of the 17th century to the revolution of the 18th. Boston: Little. 1875-90. 2v. (With preceding period, 5v., net $20.) [1002 The same point of view is held in these volumes as in their predecessors on the 17th centurj'. Here may be found the colonial side of the controversies between the rei)resentatives and the royal governors in provin- cial Massachusetts, and of the discussions which im- mediately preceded the outbreak of the war for inde- pendence. These volumes also contain a good account of the intercolonial wars, so far as they affected New England. A high degree of accuracy in the statement of facts is attained throughout. But we have by no means so exhaustive a treatment of the 18th as the earlier work furnishes of the 17th century. The MS. of the second volume was left incomplete at the author's death and was issued with some additions and corrections by his son. H. L. O. Papers concerning the attack on Hatfield and Deerfield by Indians, Sept. 19, 1677. See Bradford Club, sect. 252. [1003 Penhallow, Samuel. History of the wars of New England with the eastern Indians, 1703-13, and 1722-25. Boston. 1726. Saive [with memoir and notes by W. Dodge]. Cin. 1859. [1004 " Tlie chief English authority for Queen Anne's and Lovewell's wars is [Penhallow's Ilisforyl. The author was an Englishman, who, in 1C8C, at 21, had come to America to perfect his learning in the college at Cam- bridge, designing to acquire the Indian tongite, and to serve the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Indians. Trade and public office, however, diverted his attention, and he became a rich trades- man at Portsmouth. His book is of the first value to the historian, and the object of much quest to the collector, for it has become very rare. ... It has been reprinted in the first volume of the N. H. Hist. Soc. Collections, and again ui 1859 at Cincinnati." Justin Winsor, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 5: 424. Pepperrell, Sir William. Parsons, Usher. Life of Sir William Pepperrell. Boston. 1855. [1005 Dr. Parsons, in his Life of Pejyperrell , besides using the Pepperrell papers collected by Dr. Belknap for his History of New Haynpshire, " sifted a mass of papers found in an old shed on the Pepperrell estate. This lot covered the years 1696-1759. . . . Unremitting re- search yielded gain to Dr. Parsons in other direc- tions." Justin Winsor, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 5: 436. Pepperrell papers. See Massachusetts His- torical Society, sect. 321. [1006 Peters, Samuel, General history of Con- necticut ; by a gentleman of the province. London. 1781. Same; with additions by Samuel J. Mc- Cormick. N. Y. : Appleton. 1877. $1.50. [1007 An entertaining but wholly untrustworthy account of Connecticut by an exiled and embittered Tory. Fiction and fact are so run together in the narrative that their separation is well-nigh impossible. The most famous part of the book is the alleged code of New Haven laws popularly called " Blue laws." Of the character and derivation of this " code " the most satisfactory discussion is that by W. F. Prince in the Report of the American Hist. Assoc, for 1898. E. G. B. 88 COLONIAL PERIOD, 1607-1760 — NEW ENGLAND 1008-1019 Pike, Robert. Pike, James Shepherd. The uew Puritan. N. Y. : Harper. 1879. $1. [ioo8 This book contains an account of the life and opin- ions of a Puritan layman of the more liberal type, who lived in Massachusetts in the latter half of the 17th century. He freely criticised the policy of the (Jen- eral Court toward the (Juakers and the attitude of the magistrates toward witchcraft at Salem. He was punished twice for his independence, but was not ex- pelled from the colony. The book is chiefly important for the letters and documents which it contains and for the proof which it furnishes of the inadequate guarantees of personal liberty which existed in the American colonies. Its later chapters contain the record of Major Pike's share in the first intercolonial war. H. L. O. Popham colony, Papers relating to. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 334. [1009 Prince, Thomas. Chronological history of New-Eugland [tol633]. [V. 1.] Boston. 1736. New ed. [complete]. Boston. 1826. [loio For forty years Thomas Prince was pastor of the South Church, Boston. In the intervals of a busy life he collected, for the times, a large library of books and manuscripts on American history. With great diligence and care he prepared the material for hLs CJironolo'jical hititory. His aim was to present an epitome of history in the briefest and most accurate form. A strictly chronological arrangement and the simplest form of statement were chosen. As an intro- duction to the work he traced general chronology from the creation till the accession of James I. Then be- gan the work proper — New England chi'onology. Of this only a part was completed, viz. : that from the accession of James I. till a few months subsequent to the landing of Winthrop and his colonists in Mas- sachusetts Bay. Large use is made of Bradford's His- tory of Mew Phjmoutli. Prince was one of the most accurate of compilers. He was intensely critical, though living a century before the art of criticism began generally to be applied to the preparation of historic material. The quaint sfcitement given in his preface of what he considered to be his duty as an historian in the matter of accuracy and fairness is one of the gems of early New England literature. H. L. O. "Even as a fragment, the Chronological hintory of Neic Eiujland is the most scholarly piece of literary work wTOught in America during the colonial time." Moses Coit Tyler, A history of American literature, V. 2, p. 15C. Reynolds, Grindall. King Philip's war, with special refeience to the attack on Brook- field. See American Antiquarian Society, sect. 237. [loii Sewall, Rufus King. Ancient dominions of Maine. Bath, Me. 1859. [1012 Contains an account of the discovery and settlement of the region between the Kennebec and Penobscot Rivers and a narrative of the interminable Indian wars which characterize the history- of th;; ' The first part is now largely obsolete. The second part preserves the local traditions and also brings together extracts from records accessible when the book was compiled. Of interest only to the student of local history. E. C. Sewall, Samuel Edmund. Diary, 1674- 1729. (Massachusetts Hist. Soc. Collections, ser. 5, V. 5-7.) Boston. 1878-82. 3v. [1013 A minute record of the daily doings of a prominent Bostonian who lived at about the middle of the Puri- tan i)eriod of Massachusetts history. In interest it ranks with the diaries of Evelyn and I'epys. For 36 years the author was a judge of the Superior Court, and during the last 10 of this period he was Chief Justice. The Diary throws some light on the politi- cal conflicts of the time, but is chiefly important for the material it contains which illustrates social life. All the events of the household, the neighborhood, the Church, the wider circle of acquaintances are set forth with perfect naturalness. Of course the leading feature is the religious devotion of the Puritan. The work is admirably edited. H. L. O. — Chamberlain, Nath.-vn Henuy. Sam- uel Sewall and the world he lived in. Boston: De Wolfe. 1897. 82. [1014 Based on a careful study of Sewall's Diary and Let- ter-book. Text largely made up of extracts from the Diary. Brings together in brief compass many of the most interesting events in Sewall's career. Generally readable. E. C. — Tiffany, Mrs. Nina (Moore). Samuel E. Sewall : a memou*. Boston : Houghton. 1898. §1.25. [1015 As a lawj'er of high standing Mr. Sewall " rendered peculiar services to the cause in drafting anti-slavei-y measures or in helping rescue the fugitive ; and this professional talent he concurrently applied to the amelioration of the laws affecting the status of women. . . . Mrs. Tiffany has found her material but scanty — no great store of letters even ; and her addi- tions to w^hat was already accessible in print are chiefly in the province of the rights, not of man, but of woman." Nation, Gl : 72. Smith, Gapt. John. Advertisement for the unexperienced planters of New England. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 299. [1016 Description of New England, 1616. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 302. [1017 New England's trials. See Massachu- setts Historical Society, sect. 329. [1018 Standish, Capt. Miles. Johnson, Henry. E.xploits of Myles Standish. N. Y. : Apple- ton. 1897. §1.50. [1019 "The author of the following story has used the license of probability and inference to supply the deficiency of accredited facts" (Preface). The book is thoroughly uncritical and unreliable — slangy. H. ^y. H. 89 1020-1029 THE UNITED STATES Strachey, William. Account of the Pop- bam colony. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 306. [1020 Tiffany, JTrs. Nina (Moore). Pilgrims and Puritans: the story of the phuiting of Ply- mouth and Boston. Boston : Ginn. 1888. 60c. [1021 This book is a compilation for the use of children, made from Bradford's History of Plymouth, Bradford and AVinslow's Journal, the beginning- of Winthrop's Journal, and a few of the other original authorities on the founding of the Old Colony and of Boston. Frequent quotations are made from the quaint and simple language of the originals, and thus the story is made more lifelike than otherwise would be pos- sible. In style the book is well adapted for its pur- pose ; but the storj' is not carried far enough to give an adequate picture of the founding of Plymouth or Boston. II. L. O. Trelawny papers, and Baxter MSS. relating to the settlement of Maine. See Maine His- torical Society, sect. 282, 283. [1022 Trumbull, Benjamin. Complete history of Connecticut, civil and ecclesiastical, to 1764. New Haven. 1818. 2 v. New London : Utley. 1898. $3. subs. [1023 The reprint contains an index lacking in the origi- nal. Citations are usually made to the edition of ISI8. "Written from original sources. The standard history of Connecticut to 17G4. An appendix to vol. 1 con- tains several valuable documents. E. C. Trumbull, Henry. History of the Indian ■wars. Boston. 1841. New ed., rearranged, cor. and enl. Phil. 1854. [1024 This book appeared originally, without date, as a History of the discovery of America ... by the Rev. James Steward, and has been republished, under dif- ferent titles, many times. According to Dr. ,T. Ham- mond Tmmbull, it was " written by Henry Trumbull, then of Norwich, when about seventeen years old." " It was vigorously denounced in Field's Indian bib- lioyrapliy. . . . Col. Peter Force is quoted as having said that he found twenty-two chronological errors on a single page." A. McF. Davis, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., C: G51. Trumbull, James Hammond, ed. The true- blue laws (jf Connecticut and New Haven and the false blue laws invented by the Pev. Sam- uel Peters ; to which are added specimens of the laws and judi-cial proceedings of other col- onies and some blue laws of England in the reign of James I. Hartford. 1876. [1025 This volume was compiled for the purpose of de- fending Connecticut and' New Haven against the asixTsions of the Kev. Samuel Peters in his History of Corni'diciU (1781) ; and at tlie time of its publication it served a useful end. It contains a learned introduc- tion on the origin and historj- of " blue-laws," though the greater part of the volume is taken up with well- known laws and codes of Connecticut, New Haven, and other colonies. The attitude of the author toward Peters is uncritically hostile. Dr. Truinbull's con- tention in chapter VIII that Peters forged the laws he l)rints has been disproved, though with unnecessary sarcasm, by Prince, Report of the American Historical Association, 1808, pp. 97-138. C. M. A. Underbill, Capt. John. History of the Pe- quot war, 1638. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 302. [1026 Upham, Charles Wentworth. Salem Witchcraft. Boston. 1807. 2v. [1027 Of this work no better description is possible than that given by Lowell in his learned essay on witch- craft : " He (^Ir. I'ljliani) has written not merely a his- tory of the so-called Salem witchcraft, but has made it intelligible by a minute account of the place where the delusion took its rise, the persons concerned in it, whether as actors or sufferers, and the circumstances which led to it. . . . We are made partners in parish and village feuds, we share in the chimney corner gossip, and learn for the first time how many mean and merely human motives . . . gave impulse and in- tensity to the passions of the actors in that memorable tragedy. . . . Mr. Upham 's minute details, which give us something like a photographic picture of the in- door and out-door scenery that surrounded the events he narrates, help us materially to understand their origin and the course they inevitably took. In this respect the book is original and full of new interest." The volumes " are in some respects a clinical lecture on human nature, as well as on the special and epi- demical disease under which the patient is laboring." The account Mr. Upham has given of the phenomena of demoniacal possession, of the trials, of the conduct of the accused, of the reaction against the delusion, also contribute to make his book a notable contribu- tion to the social history of New England. Upham lays heavy I'esponsibility for the tragedy on the shoulders of Cotton Mather. A learned and able reply to this charge by W. F. Poole may be found in North Amer- ican review, April, 1869. See sect. 976-7. H. L. O. Vane, Sir Henry. Hosmkr, James Ken- DALr>. Life of young Sir Henry Vane, Gov- ernor of Massachusetts Bay and leader of the Long Parliament. Boston; Houghton. 1888. $4. [1028 A thorough and critical biography. Treats of Vane in connection with the history of his times. The au- thor sympathizes strongly with the political and reli- gious views of Vane, but is not unduly partial. He uses original, as well as secondary .sources, through- out. From the Order books of the Council of State under the English Commonwealth he throws new light on his subject's career. Vane's writings and the views which have been held concerning him are critically discussed. He is set forth as a connecting link be- tween New and Old England, and a forerunner of the freedom and democracy which have come to prevail in both. H. L. O. Vincent, P. True relation [of the Pequot ■.jr]. ••■( Massachusetts Historical Society, [1029 90 COLONIAL PERIOD, 1607-1760 — NEW ENGLAND 1030-1040 Waymouth, Capt. George. Rosier, James. True rclatiou of the voyage of Capt. George Waynioutb. See Massachusetts Historical So- ciety, sect. 304. [1030 Wheelock, Eleazar. Narrative, 1762. Sue Old South Work, sect. 80S. [1031 Wheelwright, John. Writings, including his fast-day sermon, 1637, and his Mercurius Americanus ; anil a memoir by Charles H. Bell. (Prince Soc. Publications.) Boston. 1876. [1 032 The reader of this vohime will turn with greatest in- terest to the Memoir of Wheelwright anil to the fainou.s Fa.it iJdij sermon which aroused such excitement in Massachusetts in 1(!37. If he is interested in Indian history and land claims, he will read the Wheel- wright deed of 1G2'J and examine Mr. Bell's defence of its authenticity against the attacks of Mr. James Savage. The Mi'rcKrius Amrricaniis is Wheelwright's defence of himself against the charges urged in the Rise, reign and rulne of the Antlnovilans. This pamphlet and the sermon are genuine specimens of Puritan polemic and argumentative literature. The editing is of the high character found in all the pub- lications of the Prince Society. H. L. O. Williams, John. Biographical memoir of the Rev. John Williams ; with papers relating to the early Indian wars in Deerfield. Green- field, Mass. 1837. [1033 " The narrative of the Rev. John Williams, who was taken captive to Canada, is the chief contemporary account " of the Indian attack on Deerfleld in 1704. Justin Winsor, in Karratlve and critical hist, of Am.^ 5: 185. Williams, Roger. Letters, 1633-83 ; ed. by John Russell Bartlett. (Narragansett Club. Publications, v. 6.) Providence. 1874. Prov- idence. 1883. .?6.50. [1034 This is the standard edition of Williams' correspond- ence. Nearly all of the letters here brought together have appeared elsewhere in print, as in the Whithrop jJapers, Backus's Hlstor\i of the Baptists, and the various biographies of Williams, but here they may be seen together and in the order in which they were written. The collection is of the highest value, both to the student of New J^ngland history and to those who are interested in the career of Williams. Said J. R. Lowell, in his essay on iVefc England two centuries ago: "There are two men above all others for whom our respect is heightened by their letters — the elder John Winthrop and Roger Williams. . . . Charity and tolerance flow so noticeably from the pen of Williams that it is plain they were in his heart." H. L. O. — Ei.TON, Romeo. Life of Roger Williams. London. [1853.] Providence. 1853. [1035 "Largely based on Knowles's Memoir, but contains some new matter, notably the Sadlier correspond- ence." C. Deane, in Narrative and critical hist, of .<4m.,3:378. 91 — Knowles, James Davis. Memoir of Roger Williams. Boston. 1834. [1036 "A minute 'and conscientious biography; . . . but it is written with a strong bias in favor of Williams where he comes in collision with the authorities of Massachusetts." C. Deane, in iS'urruiive and criti- cal hist, of Am., 3: 37». — Stkaus, Oscar Solomon. Roger Wil- liams, the pioneer of religious liberty. N. Y. : Century Co. 1894. §1.25. [1037 A reliable and trustworthy sketch of the life and opinions of the apostle of soul liberty. The author shows that he is familiar with the writings of Wil- liams, with the material concerning him which is to be found in Masson's Life and tunes of Milton, in the works of John Cotton and of the other New England writers who treat of his career. On most important points he takes issue with Dr. Dexter and other writers who criticise Williams and defend the conduct of Massachusetts. His view of Williams is the one toward which opinion is now gravitating. The style in which the book is written is rather dull. H. L. O. Williams, Samuel. Natural and civil his- tory of Vermont. Walpole, N. H. 1794. 2d ed., enl. and corr. Burlington, Vt. 1809. 2v. [1038 This history was written more than a century ago by a clergj-man who had been a close observer of the events he related, if not an actor among them. A large part of his work was devoted to the natural his- toi-y of the region which became Vermont and to the Indians who inhabited it. The account of the French and Indian wars which appears in the second was not in the first edition. A clear, and so far as it goes, a trustworthy account of the controversy with New York follows. Letters and public documents are quoted at considerable length. After the historj- of the war of the Revolution along the northern frontier has been reviewed, the author returns to the internal affairs of the territory. An outline of the dealings with Congress, and with the neighboring states, ac- companied by an account of the negotiations with the British, follows, which led up to the admission of Vermont as a state. The woi-k is well written and holds an honorable place among the histories of the state. H. L. O. Winslow, Edward. New England's sala- mander discovered. See Massachusetts His- torical Society, sect. 298. [i039 — Winslow, Rev. William C. Governor Edward Winslow, his place and part in Ply- mouth colony. See American Historical Asso- ciation, sect. 347. [1040 Winthrop, John. Journal of the transac- tions and occurrences in the settlement of Massachusetts and the other New England colonies. Hartford. 1790. HLstory of New England, 1630^9; from his original MSS., with notes by James Savage. 1041-1049 THE UNITED STATES Boston. 1825-6. 2v. New ed. Little. 1853. 2v. [1041 The journal of John Winthrop, fathef and founder of the Colony of Massachusetts Hay, as a source for our early historj- is equalled in value only by the sim- ilar record of Svilliani Bradford. Governor of Ply- mouth. A^Tiile "VVinthrop's name has sometimes suf- fered detraction, Mr. Brooks Adams, for instance, in the Emancipation of Massachusetts, painting him as the weak and culpable tool of tyrant priests, the only fair way is to regard him as a man of the most solid worth. In the struggles of his time, he was himself a combatant in the fore-front, always unassuming, brave and honest. The Journal (the first volume of which, preserved in Connecticut, was published in 1790 ; the second, found in the tower of the Old South, in Boston, at a later time) is quaint, not always clear, often short-sighted, — nevertheless the narrative of a wise, well-meaning man. The merits of the disputes are no more distorted in Winthrop's rendering than was ine-v-itable. The antagonists whom he fought are not unworthily belittled or misrepresented ; some- times, the war being over and opportunity coming for a calm retrospect, the tone toward the rival, so far from being acrimonious, becomes magnanimous, even affectionate. This is especially to be noted in the later references to Henry Vane. James Savage, the best antiquarian of his day, has supplemented the Journal with notes of great value. J- K. H. See, also, Jameson's History of historical writing in America, p. 25. — TwicHELL, JosErir IIopkiks. John Win- throp, first Governor of the Massachusetts colony. (Makers of America.) N. Y. : Dodd. [c. 1891.] SI. [1042 Mr. Twichell has wTitten a brief but delightful bio- graiihy of the elder Winthrop. The work is based on well-kno\\ni authorities, all readily accessible, and the author has dealt with the personal and private life of Winthrop, and not, so far as could be avoided, with the political history of the colony. No more attrac- tive biography than this is to be found in the series. C. M. A. — WiNTirRor, "RoBEUT CiiAULES. Life and letters of John Winthrop, Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company. Boston : Tick- nor. 1864-7. 2v. 2d ed., enl. Little. 1869. 2v. Net 87. [1043 This is one of the chief authorities for the life of the founder of Massachusetts. The first volume is one of the choicest examides of Puritan biograi)hy extant. It is made so by the extracts which are givc^n from the early diaries and correspondence of Win- throp. It also contains material of the greatest im- portance for explaining the origin of the settlement of Mnssachusetts. The second volume closely follows Winthrop's Journal, but it also includes important state papers. The work is indispensable to the stu- dent of Puritanism, whether in Old or Xew England. H. L. O. Winthrop, Mrs. Margaret (Tyndal). Earle, Mrs. Alice (Morse). Margaret Win- throp. (Women of colonial and revolutionary times.) N. Y. : Scribuer. 1895. §L25. I1044 Jlrs. Earle's appreciative biography of the wife of John AViuthrop, the elder, is based in the main on the Winthrop papers, Winthrop's Journal, and Win- throp's Life of Winthrop, though the author has had access to manuscript materials also. The book gives a strikingly interesting picture of a woman's work and iuHuence in Boston 250 years ago, and written, as it is, in a picturesque style, and being at the same time scholarly and reliable, it will appeal not only to the general reader for whom it is intended, but also to every student of the social and domestic life of the Massachusetts Bay colony. C. M. A. Winthrop papers. See Massachusetts His- torical Society, sect. 305. [1045 Wood, William. New England's prospect. See Prince Society, sect. 387. [1046 Young, Alexander. Chronicles of the first planters of the colony of ]\Iassachusetts Bay, 1623-36. Boston: Little. 1846. [1047 This volume contains a part of White's Planters' plea, the Records of the Massachusetts Company prior to its removal into Xew England, Higginson's Journal, and Xcu'-Enr/land's plantation, the Jlumhle request, and a variety of other material relating to the founding of iNIassaehusetts. Mr. Young was a learned antifjuarian, and evidence of it appears in his notes and in the care with which the text of the documents has been edited. Though some of the material is now accessible elsewhere, this volume is still indispensable to the student of early JIassachusetts history. H. L. O. Chronicles of the Pilgrim fathers, 1602- 25. Boston: Little. 1841. [1048 This volume contains a reprint, of a part of Brad- ford's History, of Mourt's Relation, of Winslow's Good neiccs from Xcu- England, and of other less important sources relating to the founding of Xew Plymouth. They are edited with great care and learn- ing by one of the best of the early 3Iassachusetts anti- quarians. In spite of the fact that Bradford's History . has since been printed in full and Mourt's Relation has again been edited, Mr. Young's collection is still of great value both for its notes and for a part of its text. H. L. O. MIDDLE COLONIES Acrelius, Israel. History of New Sweden ; tr. with introd. and notes by W. M. Reynolds. (Hist. Soc. of Pennsylvania. Memoirs, v. 11.) Phil. 1874. [1049 This is a careful translation, with notes, of the most imjiortant original work concerning Xew Sweden which has proceeded from any Swedish author. It reviews the history of the Swedish settlement on the Delaware, and follows the fortunes of that people till after the relations between I'ennsylvania and the lower counties had been finally settled. The customs and secular pursuits of the Swedes also receive con- 92 COLONIAL PERIOD, 1607-1760 — MIDDLE COLONIES 1050-1064 siderable attention. Tlie last half, and more, of the hook is devoted to the history of the Swedish churches along the Delaware and to their condition at the time the author wrote — middle of the ISth century. As the writer was provost over the Swedish congrega- tions in America, and pastor of the church at Chris- tina, he possessed ample opportunities for gaining information. H. L. O. Asher, Georg M. Bibliographical and his- torical essay ou the Dutch books and pamphlets relating to New Netherlaud. Amsterdam. 1854-67. [1050 " In the bibliography of New Netherland, the first place must be given to [Asher's Efisdij}. It embodies the results of work in the royal library and in the royal archives at the Hague ; at Leyden in the library of the University and in that of Dr. Bodel Xyenhuis, rich in maps, and particularly in theThysiana Library, in which he found a rich field ; and at Amsterdam, among the extensive stock of Mr. Frederic Muller, without whose assistance, the author says, the book would not have been written. In his introduction he gives a succinct sketch of the historj- and geography of New Netherland." Justin Winsor, in Xarrative and critical hist, of Am., 4: 439. Atwood, William. Case of Chief-Justice Atwood, 1713. See New-York Historical So- ciety, sect. 355. [105 1 Bartram, John. Observations in travels from Pennsilvania to Onondaga, Oswego and the Lake Ontario ; [with] a curious account of the cataracts at Niagara, by Peter Kalm. Lon- don. 1751. Reprinted for 6. P. Humphrey, Rochester. 1895. $1.50. [1052 " Bartram was born in Pennsylvania, and made this journey in company with Conrad "Weiser, the agent sent by Pennsylvania [1737] to hold friendly confer- ence with the Iroquois. . . . Bartram's principal object was the study of the flora of the country, in which pursuit he acquired such a rei)utation as to attract the notice of Linnseus, but his record throws light upon the people which came in his way." Justin Winsor, in Karrative and critical hist, of Am., 5: 244. Broad advice to the L^nited Netherland provinces. See New-York Historical Society, sect. 353. [1053 Burgher rights in New Amsterdam. See New-York Historical Society, sect. 356. [1054 Clarendon papers concerning New York and New England affairs .soon after 1660. See New-York Historical Society, sect. 354. [1055 Cobb, Sanford Hoadley. Story of the Pala- tines : an episode ifi colonial history. N. Y. : Putnam. 1897. $3. [1056 The author has neglected the important German sources. His book " fulfills our expectations only as a sympathetic presentation of the stonj of the Pala- tines, and will do much to arouse popular interest in the subject. The treatment of the early stage of the migration to England is superseded by the work of Mr. Dilfenderffer [Publications of the Pennsylvania (ierman Society, 1807]. . . . The history of the Pala- tines, however, written from the original sources and covering the entire migration, is yet to be written." M. D. Learned, in American historical review, 3: 553. Colden, Cadwallader. Letters oa Smith's " History of New York." See New- York His- torical Society, sect. 354. [1057 Dankers, Jasper, and Peter Sluyter. Jour- nal of a voyage to New York, 1679-80 ; tr. and ed. by Henry C. Murphy. (Long Island Hist. Soc. Memoirs, v. 1. Brooklyn. 1867.) [1058 In 1G79, " New York was visited and carefully de- scribed by two verj' keen and intelligent Dutch observers, the so-called Labadist emLssaries, Ja.spcr Dankers and Peter Sluyter. . . . The worthy brethren . . . left an interesting journal of their visit, which was discovered a few years ago ; and they made some quite artistic pencil sketches of the city withal, which are extremely precious as historical documents." John Fiske, in Dutch and Quaker colonies, 2: 61, 74. Denton, Daniel. Brief description of New York; new ed., with iutrod. and notes by Ga- briel Furman. (Gowans' Bibliotheca Ameri- cana. 1.) N. Y. : Gowans. 1845. [1059 " Daniel Denton, the son of a minister in Connecti- cut, removed, in 1C44, into the province of New York, where he rose to distinction both as a landowner and as a politician. In 1670, apparently with the view of attracting immigration to that province, he pub- lished, in London, A brief description of Neic York, — a book of twenty-two pages, uncommonly graphic and animated. He kept closely to the facts that had come under his own eyes." Moses Coit Tjder, in A history of American literature, v. 2, p. 207. Donck, Adriaen van der. Description of New Netherland. See New-York Historical Society, sect. 353. [1060 Dunlap, William. History of the New Netherlands, province of New York, and state of New York, to [1789]. N. Y. 1839-40. 2v. [1061 See note under Lambrechtsen's Xew Xetherlands, sect. 1078, beyond. Du Ponceau, Peter Stephen, and J. Fran- cis Fisher. Memoir on the history of the treaty made by William Penn with the Indi- ans, 1682. See Pennsylvania, Historical Soci- ety of, sect. 373. [1062 Easthampton MS. of the Duke of York's laws. See New-York Historical Society, sect. 352. [1063 Ferris, Benjamin. History of the original settlements on the Delaware. Wilmington. 1846. [1064 93 1065-1074 THE UNITED STATES "Gives a very full account of New Sweden, ex- tracted from works already published in English, and is interesting and valuable as identifying and describing many of the places mentioned." G. B. Keen, in Xarrative and critical hist, of Am., 4: 497. Field, R. S. The provincial courts of New Jersey. See New Jersey Historical Society. Coll., V. 3. 1849. [1065 Fiske, John. The Dutch and Quaker colo- nies in America. Boston : Houghton. 1899. 2v. $4. [1066 '■ The latest addition to Mr. John Fiske's popular historical series is plainly marked by the well-known characteristics of its author — wide reading, affluence of interesting facts and ideas, firm grasp of materi- als, great literary skill, fondness for episodes, keen enjoyment of the picturesque, much ingenuity in hj-pothesis and explanation, proneness to generaliza- tion, ardent Americanism, and greater conformity to truth in the picture than in the single stroke. Still further, no subject that occurs in the series is better suited to his peculiar genius than the Dutch and Quaker colonies ; perhaps no other is so well suited to it. I'ntil recently, and even now in diminished degree, the larger sources of interest in our early history have been found in Virginia and New Eng- land, . . . but . . . from the point of view furnished by the word ' people,' Massachusetts and Connecticut, and even Virginia, are tame and monotonous com- pared with I'ennsylvania or even with New York. . . . Such is ]\Ir. Fiske's oijportunity, and he makes the most of it. . . . The book is thoroughly characteristic of its author, and will be accounted one of the bril- liant pieces of historical writing of its period." B. A. Hinsdale, in />/«/ (Chicago), 27: 357. Gerard, James Watson. Old streets of New York under the Dutch. N. Y. 1874. [1067 This was presented as a paper before the New York Historical Society. It is one of the many topographi- cal descriptions of New Amsterdam. In imagination a circuit is made of the old city, attention being called to the places where town life in its various phases centred. Some personal and social reminis- cences are interwoven to give life to the picture. The literature relating to New Y'ork City abounds in es- says of this character, which, without in any case being very valuable, doubtless serve to maintain an antiquarian interest in the subject. H. L. O. Gordon, Thomas F. History of New Jer- sey, to the adoption of the federal constitution. Trenton : Fen ton. 1834. [1068 In this volume the general facts of New Jersey history may be found clearly and concisely set forth. The most valuable part of the book is that which deals with the pn)i)rietary period, and with the land system as it was when New Jersey became a royal province. In the i)reparation of this original authorities were used, which cannot always be said of the later parts of the work. With the volume is bound up a topo- graphical and statistical gazetteer of New Jersey in 1833. H. L. O. History of Pennsylvania, to 1776. Phil. 1829. [1069 " It has never enjoyed much popularity. Its style is labored." F. D. Stone, in Sarrutive and critical hist, of Am., 3: 508. Hazard, Samuel. Annals of Pennsylvania, from tlie discovery of the Delaware, 1609-82. Phil. 1850. [1070 This is an elaborate and authoritative documeiitaiy histor\- of the settlements on Delaware River and Bay from their origin till the founding of Pennsylvania. The title, therefore, is somewhat misleading, as the book forms rather an introduction to the history of Pennsylvania than the annals of that province itself. It is specifically concerned with the Dutch and Swedes on the Delaware. The materials have been collected from many sources and carefully sifted and ed- ited. The book contains many extracts from original sources, as well as full reprints of valuable documents. The text binds these together in chronological order. Tlie work is an authority of the highest value on the period of which it treats, though its importance has been somewhat diminished by more recent publica- tions of New York and Pennsylvania documents. H. L. O. Holm, Thomas Companius. Short de- scription of the province of New Sweden, now called by the English, Pennsylvania. See Pennsylvania, Historical Society of, sect. 372. [1071 Horsmanden, Daniel. The New York con- spiracy. 1741-2. N. Y. 1810. The negro conspiracy ; ed. by "\Vm. B. Wedgwood. N. Y. 1851. [1072 Originally published in 1744, as Jonrnal of the pro- cerdiuf/s in the detection of the conspiracy, etc. " The main printed source respecting the Negro plot of 1741." Justin AVinsor, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 5: 242. Janvier, Thomas Allibone. In old New York. N.Y.: Harper. 1894. §1.75. [1073 New Y'ork writers on the histoi-y of their beloved city rarely go further than to treat of its topography and its social life. The streets, the Kissing Bridge, Love Lane, the Collect, the pleasure gardens of the olden time, and other similar localities chiefly awaken their interest. The genuine history of the city mean- time lies buried and forgotten. Each writer contents himself with repeating the substance of what others have said before him, only attempting to make it, if possible, a little more agreeable to the popular taste. Mr. Janvier's book is one of the best of this class. H. L. O. Jogues. Isaac. Narrative of a captivity among the Mohawk Indians, and a description of New Netherland in 1642-3 ; with a memoir of the holy missionary, by John Gilmary Shea. (In New-York Hist. Soc. Collections, ser. 2, v. 3.) N. Y. 1857. [1074 94 COLONIAL PERIOD, 1607-1760 — MIDDLE COLONIES 1075-1080 Father Jogues was a Jesuit missionary whom the Dutch rescued from captivity among the Mohawks. "The letters of this courageous and zealous servant of the Church to his superiors teem witli itiformation concerning the Indians, whom he endeavored to Cliris- tianize and at whose hands lie died." H. Feruow, in Narrattre and critical hist, of Am., 4: 421. Johnson, Sir William. GniFFis, William Elliot. Sir William Johnson and the Six Na- tions. (Makers of America.) N. Y. : Dodd. [c. 1891.] SI. [1075 Practically an Indian history of the Mohawk valley, the result of some local knowledge and tradition, and a certain amount of original study. In endeavoring to condense his abundant matter into the narrow limits of a "series" volume, the author has dwelt longest on the earlier and less generally known por- tion of Johns(o/ (Chicago), 25: 353. Vries, David Peterson de. Voyages from nc)]]an(l to America, 1632-44. See New-York Historical yociety, sect. 353. [mS Whitehead, William Adee. East Jersey under the proprietary governments. (New Jersey Hist. Soc. Collections, v. 1.) 1846. 2d ed. enl. Newark. 1875. [1116 This book was first issued in 184G as vol. 1 of the Col- lections of the New Jersey Hist. Soc. The edition to which reference is here made is a revision of its prede- cessor, into which has been incorjiorated material from the Xew York colonial documents and other sources. It is unsystematic, sketchy in parts, and written in poor style. Hut it is accurate, and is the work of one of the foremost students of New Jersey history. It is the standard authority on the period of which it treats. In the notes and appendices it con- tains original material of considerable value ; aLso has valuable maps and plans. It is of great importance to the student of proprietary government. H. L. O. ed. Documents relating to the colonial history of the state of New Jersey. 1631-1776. Newark. Patterson: State. 1880-99. 21v. [1117 Wooley, Charles. A two years' journal in New York and part of its territories in America ; new ed. with iutrod. and notes by E. B. O'Cal- laghan. N. Y. : Gowans. 1860. [11 18 The Rev. Charles Wooley or Wolley, a graduate of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, accompanied Sir Ed- mund Andros to New York in 1GT8 as his chaplain. Two years later he returned to England, and in 1701 he published in London this .Journal, which describes the Indians whom he knew, but has little to say of the whites. It does, however, throw some light on the trade of New York, giving the prices of furs and other commodities. The notes contain sketches of many of the persons mentioned. F. J. S. SOUTHERN COLONIES (ENGLISH) Bacon's and Ingram's rebellion. See Mas- sachusetts Historical Society, sect. 327. [1119 Baltimore, George and Cecilius Calvert, barons. Browne, "Willi.xm Hand. George Calvert and Cecilius Calvert, Barons Baltimore of Baltimore. (Makers of America.) N. Y. : Dodd. [c. 1890.] $1. [1120 This work, which is seemingly a biography of the founders of Mai-yland, is in reality a historj' of the colony during the life of Cecilius Calvert. But two chapters are devoted exclusively to biographical de- tails, and the remaining chapters have little to do with Calvert's personal history, though based Tipon the let- ters and oilicial communications of the proprietor. The style lacks charm and the author is by no means always impartial in his judgment ; yet the work will serve as an introduction to the liistorj- of colonial Ma- ryland from the point of view of the proprietors. C. M. A. Beverley, Robert. History of Virginia, in four parts ; with introd. by Charles Campbell. Richmond: Randolph. 1855. [1121 This work comes down to 1707, with a continuation to 1720. It was written primarily to correct Dldmixon, whose own account " was too faulty and too imperfect to be mended." Jefferson calls Beverley " conci.se and unsatisfactory," but this can apply only to the first book, which deals with the civil history and makes up only a third of the whole. The .author had had experi- ence in the public records of the colony, and the books treating the institutional life of the colony and the Indians are both full and satisfactory. The Indian section is particularly full, being based on Smith's and Harlot's accounts and illustrated by DeBry's en- gravings. The editor supplies a biographical intro- 100 COLONIAL PERIOD, 1607-1760 — THE SOUTH (ENGLISH) 1122-1129 duction, and pronounces tho style easy, unsophisti- cated and pleasing. S. 1$. W. Bozman, John Leeds. History of Mary- laud, 1633-00. Bait. 1837. 2v. [1122 Written by a man who was thoroughly familiar with Maryland government and with the sources (jf her history. As a literary production the work is dull, but as a source of information for the student it is invaluable. The author in all cases used the original sources, and that with scrupulous care. He refers to all his authorities and prints many important docu- ments in his appendices. The printing of the INIai-y- land Archives since Bozman wrote has lessened the value of those appendices and of parts of the text, but the book as a whole has by no means been super- seded. Viewed from the scientific standpoint it is one of the best of our state histories. if. L. O. Brown, Alexander. The first republic in America: an account of the origin of this na- tion, written from the records then (1624) con- cealed by the council, rather than from the histories then licensed by the crown. Boston : Houghton. 1898. $7.50 net. [1123 A work of great importance, but difficult to read or use. Under a strict chronological arrangement, with hardly a trace of connected narrative form, are pre- sented the important facts contained in the records of the Virginia Company, supplemented by others gleaned from the author's industrious researches, and interspersed with connnent, correction nnd reflection. The disparagement of Capt. John Smith, abundantly shown in the author's Genesis of the United States, is here greatly intensified, while the plan of the work precludes extended discussion of the wider signifi- cance of events. The book contains invaluable mate- rial for history, but is itself annals rather than history. AV. MacD. ed. Genesis of the United States : a nar- rative of the movement in England, 1605-16. Boston : Houghton. 1890. 2v. $15. [1124 An invaluable collection of documents, the larger number previously unprinted, relating to the incep- tion and first years of the Virginia colony. There is no narrative, but the documents are prefaced with necessary explanatory matter, and loosely connected by note or comment. The early history of Virginia here gains markedly in significance by being viewed, first, from the standpoint of previous attempts at colo- nization, and, after 1G06, from the standpoint of influ- ences and events in England. A feature of special value is an extended series of condensed biographies, filling half of vol. 2. The author is somewhat inclined to disparage the work of early writers on Virginia, and is particularly severe in his criticisms on Capt. John Smith, though not to such an extent as in his later volume, The first republic in America. W. MacD. Byrd, William. The Westover manuscripts ; containing The history of the dividing line be- twixt Virginia and North Carolina. Peters- burg. 1841. History of the dividing line, and other tracts, from the papers of William Byrd of Westover. Richmond: privately printed. 1866. 2v. [1 125 William Hyrd of Westover was a Virginian of large fortune and English education, who took part, as one of the commissioners, in a survey of the dividing line between Virginia and North Carolina, in 1729. " Of the two exjwditions that .accomplished this labor, William Byrd kept a journal, which, after lying in manuscript upwards of a century, was first published in 1841, under the title given to it by its author — ' The history of the dividing line.' In the peculiar qualities that distinguish this little book, it is almost unique in our colonial age ; and it is without question, one of the most delightful of the literary legacies which that age has handed down to ours." Moses Coit Tyler, in Hist, of Am. lit., p. 272. Campbell, Charles. History of the colony and ancient dominion of Virginia. Phil. 1859. [1126 This is the best general historj' of colonial Virginia for students' use. The narrative extends to 1781. The early portion is based on the now discredited publi- cations of Capt. John Smith. Othei-wise the work is sufficiently accurate. E. C. Introduction to the history of the colony and ancient dominion of Virginia. Richmond: B. B. Minor. 1847. [1127 Based on insufficient materials and now to a great extent antiquated. Generally readable. Carroll, B. R., comi-). Historical collections of South Carolina. N. Y.: Harper. 1836. 2v. [1128 Vol. 1 of this useful work contains a reprint, with notes and an introduction by the editor, of Hewatt's Historical account of South Carolina. Prior to the appearance of River's Sketches, Hewatt's was the best ■work extant on the colonial history of South Carolina. It still possesses value, owing to the special opportuni- ties which the author enjoyed of obtaining original in- formation. Vol. 2 contains IC pamphlets, and extracts from works of the older writers, bearing on the early history of South Carolina. Of special importance among these are the Description, etc., by John Arch- dole ; The proceedings of the 2^eo2}le . . . in J71!),hy F. Yonge; the Description, etc., attributed to Gov. Glen; and the text of the first set of Fundamental constitutions. H. L. O. Craig, Neville B. Washington's first cam- paign, death of Jumonville, and taking of Fort Necessity ; also Braddock's defeat and the march of the unfortunate general explained by a civil engineer. Pittsburgh : Morse. 1848. [1129 " Made up of papers from Mr. Craig's monthly pub- lication. The olden time, published in Pittsburgh in 1846-1848, and reprinted in Cincinnati in 1876." Justin Winsor, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 5: 576. 101 1130-1137 THE u]st:ted states Drake, Samuel Adams. Making of Vir- ginia and the middle colonies, 1578-1701. N. Y. : Scribner. 1893. 81.50. ["30 This book possesses much the same character as the author's Making of ^'eu• England, though it shows a somewhat less intimate acquaintance with the subject than (lid his earlier volume. In this work he occasion- ally falls into error, as when, on p. 173, he implies that a trial of the claim of the Duke of York to West Jersey was held in England and a judgment rendered in the case, and when, on p. 17S, he reports the tradition that Lord Delaware visited the bay which bears his name. His account also of the struggles in I'ennsylvania which led to the issue of the Charter of Privileges in 1701 is so confused and inadequate as to be of no value. But in general the external events connected with the founding of Virginia and the middle colonies are cor- rectly given, and the social traits of the settlers spirit- edly depicted. The treatment of Long Island and of Xew York during the Dutch period is especially to be commended. It is a good book for the use of young people. H. L. O. Fiske, John. Old Virginia and her neigh- bours. N. Y. : Houghton. 1897. 2v. 84. ["31 Beginning with the movement which led to the colo- nization of Virginia, the author traces the settlement of the Southern colonies and their history until KiliO. Two or three chapters in the second volume contain miscellaneous facts concerning this group of colonies in the 18th centurj'. The materials used are well- known " relations," records, state histories and mono- graphs, accessible in print. Secondary sources are not infrequently used where the originals were not difficult to procure. In the chapters on early Virginia the substantial accuracy of John Smith is warmly asserted. The cause of Virginia in its early contro- versy with ^Maryland is championed. Some new light is thro^\'n on the later histoi-j' of Maryland. A rapid sketch of Carolina history is given. The an thor writes in an interesting and popular style, but his treatment of the subject is unsystematic, and the work is not free from errors. H. L. O. Harlot, Thomas. Narrative of the first Eng- lish plantation of Virginia ; first printed at London in 1588. London: Quaritch. 1893. [1132 The history of the unfortunate attempt of Sir Walter Raleigh to plant settlements on the coast of North Car- olina, 1.'J84-1.'590, is known from Hakluyt, who prints in his Collection the various official rei)orts. One of the memlier.s of the first colony of 1585-86, who " remained to inhabit," was Thojnas Harlot, whose yarratlve was published by DeBry as the first part of his Voy- ages, accompanied by illustrations from the drawings of John White, also a colonist. These two authorities give us the first clear picture we have of the fauna and flora of eastern North Carolina and of the life and manners of the Indians. L.'iter experience has verified most that had been written by these truthful and ac- curate observers. Their work has become the basis for modern accounts of the subjects treated by them. S. B. W. Hartwell, Blair, and Chilton. Present state of Virginia. 1696. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 289. [^133 Hawks, Francis Lister. History of North Carolina. Fayetteville, N. C: Hale. 1857-58. 3v. [1134 Tlie first volume of Dr. Hawks deals entirely with the Roanoke Island settlements of 1584-91, and repro- duces the original authorities from Hakluyt, with many annotations. Vol. 2 covers the proprietary period, 1(;()3-1729, and contains many original docu- ments. It deals largely with social phenomena: ex- ploration and settlement, law and its administration, agriculture and manufactures, navigation and trade, religion and learning, civil and military history, man- ners and customs. Dr. Hawks was by far the most scholarly man who has ever undertaken a historj' of the state, as well as one of the most learned men of his day. In the matter of historical judgment and skill as a writer, he has had no competitor among the historians of North Carolina. The materials used were mostly original sources, and greater in extent than any i)revious writer had been able to command. But Dr. Hawks follows the lead of the English and Virginia Toi-ies ; is at times both bigoted and partisan, and writes as an advocate of the conventional order and the Established Church rather than as an impartial judge. Notwithstanding these blemishes, his work is the fullest and best treatment which the proprietary period has ever received in a general history of the state. S. B. W. Hewatt, Alexander. Historical account of the rise and progress of the colonies of South Carolina and Georgia. London: Donaldson. 1779. 2v. [113s " The earliest account of the history of South Caro- lina cast in a sustained retrospective spirit is the anonymous Historical account . . . which is known to have been prepared by Dr. Alexander Hewatt, —as his signature seems to fix the spelling of his name, though in the bibliographical records it appears under various forms. Carroll, in reprinting the book in the first volume of his Historical collections, added many emendations." Justin Winsor, in Narrative and crit- ical Iiist. of Am., 5: 352. See, also, sect. 1128. Johnson, John. Old Maryland manors. (Johns Hopkins Univ. studies, ser. 1, no. 7.) Bait. 1883. [II 36 Commended by Justin Winsor in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 5 : 271. Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Dead towns of Georgia. (Georgia Hist. Soc. Coll., v. 4.) Savannah. 1878. ["37 A record of more than historical interest are these memorials of towns, that, once centres of vital interest in the development of a new colony, are now as silent, still and forgotten as the sleeping occupants of their own graveyards. Old and New Ebenezer and the faith- ful Saltslmrgers ; Frederica and Oglethori)e ; Sunburj- and the patriotic Liberty County; Hardwicke, I'cters- 102 COLONIAL PERIOD, 1607-1760— THE SOUTH (ENGLISH) 1138-1144 burg, Jacksonborough, Francisville and the old to- bacco trade, — the author tells their storj' with that inimitable effect that comes only from personal feel- ing: and true knowledge, quoting his own gleanings from observation and tradition, as well as letters and reports from the English and American officials who played their part in the vicissitudes of the extinct corporations. G. K. Jones, Hugh. Present state of Virginia. London. 1724. (Sabin, J. Reprints, no. 5.) N. Y. 1865. [1 138 Jones was rector of Jamestown and a professor in the college at Williamsburg, and his book was a mis- sionary enterprise to incite attention in the mother country to the necessities of the colony. " His book is one of solid facts and solid suggestions, written in a plain, positive style, just sufficiently tinctured with the gentlemanly egotism of a Virginian and a church- man." Moses Coit Tyler, Hist, of Am. literature, 2: 268. Keith, Sir William. History of Virginia. London: Richardson. 1738. [1^39 "Sir "William Keith's History of Virffinia wns un- dertaken at the instance of the Society for the En- couragement of Learning, as the beginning of a series of books on the English plantations; but no others followed. It was published in 1738 with two maps, — one of America, the other of Virginia, — and he de- pended almost entirely on Beverley, and brings the story down to 1723." R. A. Brock, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 3 : 165. Latane, John H, Early relations between Maryland and Virginia. (Johns Hopkins Univ. studies, ser. 13, nos. 3^.) Bait. 1895. Pap. 50c. ["40 The period covered by this monograph is that from 1632 to 1G57. The first part of the work, which is largely political in character, deals with the Claiborne settlement on Kent Island and the controversies aris- ing therefrom, and contains an excellent account of the mutiny against Governor Harvey of Virginia in 1634-5. The second part treats of the attitude of the two colonies towards the Puritans, and is largely reli- gioiis in character. The most valuable portion of this part concerns the Puritans in Virginia. The essay is largely a narrative of facts, and is based upon reliable evidence ; but it is slight in treatment and but few conclusions are presented. C. M. A. Lawson, John. New voyage to Carolina; containing exact description and natural his- tory of that country: together with the present state thereof and a journal of a thousand miles travel. London. 1709. History of Carolina. London. 1711. 1714. 1718. Raleigh, N.C.: Strother. 1860. [1141 This book is of Importance as the first effort at an extensive review of the natural and Indian histoi-y of North Carolina since the days of Hariot. Lawson was a keen observer, no one had better opportunities to learn the country and the Indians than he, and no one had a more accurate knowledge of them. His work, while it contains errors in its natural history, is an uncommonly sprightly book and has been the basis of much published since, notably Urickell's History of XorthCarolina(Duhlin. 1737). The civil and political life of the colony is not considered. S. B. W. McCrady, Edward. History of South Caro- lina under the proprietary government, 1670- 1719. N. Y.: Macmillan. 1897. $3.50. Sa7ne, under the royal government, 1719-76. N. Y. : Macmillan. 1899. $3.50. Same, in the Revolution, 1775-80. N. Y. : Macmillan. 1901. $3.50. [1142 This work, one of the best of the colonial histories, carries the narrative to the close of the year 1780, and in its final volume or volumes is expected to cover the national period also. It supplants the older works of Hewatt and Ramsey, and is not only interesting and readable, but, dealing as it does with the social, eco- nomic, and religious, as well as with the political and constitutional aspects of the history of the colony, is scholarly and fairly complete. Its chief defect is the strictly chronological arrangement of events, which has made a scientific treatment dilflcult, a fact that becomes most apparent in the author's discussion of constitutional questions. In this and other respects the second and third volumes are an improvement on the first. All things considered, the history is admira- ble, and emphasizes for almost the first time the im- portance of South Carolina as a factor in colonial and revolutionary history. C. M. A. The work [vol. 1] is mainly a political historj-, the social and economic side being but briefly treated. A controversial tone is also apparent, especially mth reference to the Lords Proprietors. It is based on the very extensive printed and manuscript sources now available m South Carolina, and is beyond doubt the most complete and accurate book published on .the period covered. S. B. W. Slavery in the province of South Caro- lina, 1670-1770. See American Historical As- sociation, sect. 247. ["43 Neill, Edward Duffield. History of the Virginia Company of London. Albany : Mun- sell. 1869. [1144 This is the best work on the history of the South which the author has prodiiced. The larger part of it consists of extracts from the MS. records of the Lon- don Company, a copy of which is preserved in the Congressional Library at Washington. These are sup- plemented by a variety of letters, documents and bio- graphical notices brought together from other sources. Though the book is a collection of materials loosely arranged in chronological order, rather than a history, the compiler deserves much credit for having called attention so forcibly to the records of the Company, and for having shown to what an extent the coloniza- tion of Virginia was the result of a national effort in England. It follows from the point of view which Mr. Neill has chosen, that he should be a destructive critic of Capt. John Smith. The book has been of great service to historians, and will be superseded 103 1145-1156 THE UNITED STATES onlv when the records of the Company are printed in fuu". H. L. O. Terra Mariae ; or Threads of Maryland colonial history. Phil.: Lippincott. 1867. [I MS " A dig:ressive account of the career of the first Lord Baltimore, with some notices of men more or less connected with the province in its early days. . . . AVhat the volume contains relative to the internal affairs of the province is not always accurate." W. T. Branlly, in Xarrativc and critical hist, of Am., 3: 560. Virginia Carolorum : Virginia under the rule of Charles I. and II., 1625-85. Al- bany: Munsell. 1886. [1146 In this volume the writer aimed to do for Virginia between 1625 and 1G85 what, in his yirginia Company, he did for the earlier period. But, owing to the com- parative scarcity of records after the downfall of the Company, the compiler found it necessarj' to throw his material more into the form of a narrative. The book is valuable as a collection of material of miscel- laneous sort, brought together without criticism save as to the reliability of the "source whence it came. It is the work of an antiquarian, to whom facts of all sorts seem worth preserving. In parts it would not be uninteresting to the general reader ; to the student of the period it is indispensable. H. L. O. Virginia vetusta, during the reign of James I. Albany : Munsell. 1885. [ii47 Tliis volume is filled with scraps of information col- lected and printed with the intention that they should supplement the author's History of the Virr/inia Covv- jjaiiy. The material is historical, biographical, genea- logical — a few documents, some extracts from sermons preached before the Company, a few letters. It may be fairly described as an investigator's note-book put into print ; a collection of miscellaneous facts strung together in the order of time. Of the making of books of this kind there may easily be no end, and it will re- quire a goodly number of them to make a substantial addition to human knowledge. H. L. O. New life of Virginia, 1612. See Massachu- setts Historical Society, sect. 296. ["48 Oglethorpe, Gen. James Edward. Bkuck, IIknky. Life of General Oglethorpe. (Makers of America.) N. Y.: Dodd. [c. 1890.] $1. [1149 A well-balanced sketch, treating briefly of Ogle- thorpe in England and largely of his colonial experi- ences. There is a chapter on the Weslej'S in Georgia and the literarj- friends of Oglethorpe. This is the best brief biography of the subject. E. E. S. — H.'vnRis, TiiADDEUs Mason. Biographi- cal memorials of James Oglethorpe, founder of the colony of Georgia. Boston. 1841. — Spalding, Thomas. Sketch of the life of Gen. James Oglethorpe. (In Georgia Hist. Soc. Collections, v. 1. 1840.) — Wright, Robert. Jlemoir of Gen. James Oglethorpe. London. 1867. [1150 " The advantages enjoyed by yir. 'Wright were ex- ceptionally good, and until the aitpearance of his memoir that by Dr. Harris was justly regarded as the best." C. C. Jones, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 5: SiM. Original documents from the State Paper Office, London, and the British Museum, illus- trating the history of Sir "Walter Raleigh's first American colony and the colony at Jamestown. See American Antiquarian Society, sect. 231. [1151 Perfect description of Virginia, 1649. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 297. [1152 Raleigh, Sir Walter. Creighton, Louise. Life of Sir Walter Ralegh. (Historical bio- graphies.) London: Rivingtons. 1877. Life of Sir Walter Ralegh. N. T. : Dutton. 1877. N. Y. : Longmans. $1. [1153 In this volume, which is one of a series of histori- cal biographies edited by the Rev. M. Creighton, late Bishop of London, Mrs. Creighton's object is to pre- sent clearly and vividly for young readers the life and times of Raleigh. AVhile the five chapters devoted to Raleigh's voyages are particularly well written, the entire work is based on reliable evidence and is accu- rate and interesting. This little book is eminently suited to young readers. C. M. A. — Edwards, Edward. Life of Sir Walter Ralegh ; with his letters. Loudon : 3Iacmillan. 1868. 2v. [1154 " The most valuable of all the biographies of Ra- leigh." W. W. Henry, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 3: 122. — Hume, Maj. Martin Andricw Sharp. Sir Walter Ralegh : the British dominion of the west. (Builders of Greater Britain.) Loudon: Unwin. N. Y. : Longiuans. 1897. $1.50. Tliis work, though intended to be popular, is in fact based throughout on documentary evidence, some of which is new. Major Hume has used Simancas and Madrid papers and aims to show that " Ralegh was a martyr to the cause of a greater colonial Britain, done to death by the basest king that ever sat on Britain's throne." At the same time his account of Raleigh's earlier career is far from flattering. The author's a jcount is critical and trustworthy. It corrects and supplements the work of Stebbiug. C. M. A. — St. John, James Augustus. Life of Sir Walter Raleigh. London : Chapman. 1868. 2v. [1156 An "embodiment of the latest infoi-mation, and is better adapted to the general reader than that of Edwards, and elucidates some points more fully." 104 COLONIAL PERIOD, 1607-1760— THE SOUTH (ENGLISH) 1157-1164 ' ■ 'ical hist, of Am., Lit. ' Sir Walter • •• h admirals, .^i^rapby, v. 4. ["57 "An excellent life. . . . The author's only addition to the knowledge afforded by previous writers was in reference to the Guiana expeditions, the additional information being drawn from Spanish sources." W. W. Henry, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 3: 122. W. W. Henrj', iniA 3: 122. — SOUTHEY, Ro BERT. Raleigh. (In his Li- *" " Lardner's Cabinet cyi London: Longmans, iooi.) — Stebbing, William. legh: a biography. London 1899. 6s. net. Sir Walter Ra- Frowde. 1891. ["58 " It is not too much to say in praise of this biogra- phy that it brings Sir Walter Raleigh before us almost as vividly as though we saw him in the flesh. Stu- dents of the period may differ as to the correctness of Mr. Stebbing's treatment of this or that incident in Raleigh's career, and may, perhaps, consider that his conduct is sometimes defended by arguments not beyond question ; they will not, we are sure, deny that we have in these pages a generally accurate pic- ture of the man himself, and that the picture is full of interest. . . . Mr. Stebbing is stronger in criticism, •whether of characters, events, or the opinions of other authors, than in telling a story ; for, concise and well arranged as his narrative is, it lacks vigor and imagi- nation. . . . He is weak in geography, a serious failing in a biographer of Raleigh." Saturday review, 72: 733. — Tarbox, Increase Niles, comj). Sir Walter Ralegh and his colony in America. (Prince Soc. Publications.) Boston. 1884. [IIS9 This compilation, introduced by a memoir and por- trait of Raleigh, covers exactly the same field as the first volume of Hawks's History of North Caroliiut (sect. 1134). It presents the charter of Elizabeth to Raleigh and the documents relating to the Ave voy- ages and attempts at settlement of Virgmia, 1584-91 (the coast of the present North Carolina), and includes Harlot's Narrative. Tarbox makes a literal reprint from the original of Hakluyt, while that of Hawks is very slightly abridged, modernized in spelling and hence of less value. The notes of Tarbox are fewer in number, more general in character and of less topographical importance than those of Hawks. S. B. W. Randall, Daniel R. A Puritan colony in Maryland. (Johns Hopkins Univ. studies, ser. 4, no. 6.) Bait. 1886. Pap. 50c. [ii6o This is a clear and readable account of the settle- ment of a body of Virginia Puritans at Providence (now Annapolis) in 1649. Dr. Randall outlines briefly the history of the Puritans in Virginia and the cir- cumstances which induced the migration. His study is especially valuable for its local color and for its strong sympathy with the Puritan cause, though the picture given is probably somewhat idealized. The work is deficient in references to authorities. C. M. A. Rivers, William James. Sketch of the history of South Carolina to the close of the proprietary government by the revolution of 1719. Charleston: McCarter. 1856. [ii6i This work was continued by Prof. Rivers in A chap- ter in the early history of South Carolina, published at Charleston in 1874, " which largely consists of ex- planatory original documents." Narrative and crit- ical hist, of Am., 5:356. Smith, Col. James. Account of the remark- able occurrences in the life and travels of Col. James Smith during his captivity with the In- dians, 1755-59; with notes by Wm. M. Darling- ton. Lexington, Ky. 1799. (Ohio valley hist, ser., no. 5.) Cin.: Clarke. 1870. [1162 The author, a Pennsylvanian, was a captive at Fort Duquesne at the time of Braddock's campaign. He was a witness of the French preparations for meeting that general's fatal expedition, and the jubilant return of the victors from the battle. The original edition of his book is very rare. " It was reprinted in Cincin- nati, in 1870, ' with an appendix of illustrative notes by W. M. Darlington,' as Ko. 5 of the Oliio valley his- torical series. ... It was reprinted at Philadelphia in 1831, since dated 1834. The author published an abstract of it in his Treatise on the mode and manner of Indian war, Paris, Ky., 1812. . . . Parkman calls the earlier book ' perhaps the best of all the numerous narratives of captives among the Indians.' " Justin Winsor, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 5: 579. Smith, Capt. John. Works, 1608-31; ed. by Edward Arber. Birmingham. 1884. N. Y. : Macmillan. 2v. $4. [1163 This is the standard edition of the works of Capt. John Smith ; containing not only those which he him- self wrote, but those which he edited. They are ar- ranged in the order of publication. In the margins are cross references which enable the reader to com- pare statements about the same events which appear in the different writings. Mr. Arber, the editor, is an enthusiastic student and admirer of Smith, and has contributed valuable introductions both to the vol- ume as a whole and to the separate writings which it contains. These, with the marginal references, fur- nish one of the strongest arguments yet advanced for the reliability of Smith. At the beginning of the vol- ume a variety of letters and relations, e. g., Wingfleld's Discourse, which throw light on Smith's career, are reprinted. The volume is an example of excellent editorial work. H. L. O. See, also, Jameson's History of historical tvriting i7i America, p. 7. Stith, William. History of the first dis- covery and settlement of Virginia. Williams- burg. 1747. London. 1753. N. Y. : Sabin. 1865. [I 164 105 1165-1172 THE UNITED STATES Tliis is, and is always likely to be, one of the stand- ard books on early Virginia history. As planned by the author, it is the first volume of an extended work ; but it is the only installment which ever appeared. It covers the history of Virginia under the London Company. The author had access to the archives of the colony, to the papers of Sir John Randolph, to the Byrd library, to the litcords of the London Company. He treats the writings of John Smith as reliable so far as they relate to events which occurred while he was in the country ; considers Smith an honest man, but that his writings are very confused. The first part of Stith's volume is largely based on Smith, the latter part on the Records of the London Company. De- fends the cause of the Company against the king. Written in dignified style, with thorough scholarship. H. L. O. Strachey, William. Historie of travaile into Virginia Britannia; ed. by R. H. Major. London : Hakluyt Soc. 1849. ["65 The author was a man of considerable learning. He became Secretary of Virginia under Lord Delaware in ICIO, aivfl returned to England during or before 1G12. The Uiktorie here printed consists of one book and part of another, which were introductory to an ex- tended work on the historj' of early English coloniza- tion, but which the author failed to complete. The first book is devoted to topography and to the abo- rigines, and contains one of the best of the early ac- counts of the Virginia Indians. In the second book the historj- of ICnglish colonization is begun and is followed to the failure of the colony at Sagadahoc, 1608. The work is highly authoritative, the style dig- nified, though the treatment is occasionally pedantic. The editor contributes a valuable introduction. H. L. O. Trent, Capt. William. Journal, from Logs- town to Picliawillany, 1752 ; ed. by Alfred T. Goodman. Cin.: Clarke. 187L §1.50. [1166 Pickawillany was an English trading post estab- lished about 1750 on the Miami River at the mouth of Loramies Creek in the present state of Ohio. Trent was a Pennsylvania trader. The journal describes a journey made by him to the post to distribute pre- sents to the Indians. The editor's notes and explanar tory chapters with the journal make a valuable book on the French-English struggle for the Ohio valley. E. E. S. Virginia, General Assembly. Proceedings of the first Assembly of Virginia, 1619. See New-York Historical Society, sect. 353. [1167 Weeks, Stephen Beauregard. Libraries and literature in North Carolina in the 18th century. Wash.: Amer. Hist. Assoc. 1895. $1. This paper, reprinted from the Report of the Amer- ican Historical Association, is complementary and 8upi)lemcntary to The jwess. The Press of North Carolina in the 18th century ; with biographical sketches of printers, an account of the manufacture of paper, and bibliography of the issues. Brooklyn: Hist. Printing Club. 1891. [For sale by the au- thor, Santa Fe, N. M. $2.50.] [n68 " Dr. "Weeks, in the preparation of this volume, has rendered a service to southern literature which only the specialist can appreciate. From Mason and Dixon's line southward the incunabula and early writers of the colonies are practically unknown quantities. . . . And with this careful study of North Carolina printers and printing naturally comes new light on its early publicists. One turns in vain to any of the ordinary works on American literature concerning the colonial papers and literature of this state. . . . The fullest and most satisfactory portion is that dealing with the laws of the colony and state." Library journal, 10: 151. Weston, Plowden Charles Jennett, comp. Documents connected with the history of South Carolina. (S. Carolina Historical Soc.) Lon- don. 1856. (121 copies printed for private distribution.) [1169 Tins volume is made up of five original tracts, four of which deal with the history of South Carolina as follows : Land travels of I>avid Ingram and others in 1508-9 : — Letters of Capt. Thomas Young to Sir Francis ■\Vindebank with a brief relation of a voyage from Virginia to the northward in lo;54 ; this tract has been hitherto unprinted, it does not concern South Caro- lina, but Virginia and Maryland: — Glen's Answers to the Board of Trade ; written about 1748 and the ori- ginal of A description of Carolina, 1701, reprinted in Carroll's Collections : — Letters of Richard Cumber- land to Roger Pinckney, his deputy, in regard to the provost marshalship of South Carolina, 1704-1775 : —the South Carolina part of the Philosophico-historico- hydrogeography of South Carolina, Georgia and East Florida by William Gerard DeBrahm. There is little in the volume by w'ay of introduction, and few notes. S. B. W. Williamson, Hugh. History of North Caro- lina. Phil. 1812. 2v. [1 170 This work stops with a scant narrative of the Regu- lation war and the battle of the Almance, 17C6-71. There is no mention of the Revolution, nor a dis- cussion of its causes. It is claimed to be based on manuscript documents, including legislative jour- nals, letter books of governors, etc., since printed; but these materials have been used with little skill or judgment ; for many of the facts are unimportant, and there is little historical perspective. The work is meagre, full of errors, and altogether unworthy of the subject. S. B. W. Wingfield, Edward Maria. A discourse of Virginia. See American Antiquarian Soci- ety, sect. 231. [1171 SOUTHERN AND WESTERN COLONIES AND SETTLEMENTS (FRENCH) Bienville, Jean Baptiste le Moyne, sieur de. KiNd, Gkack. Jean Baptiste le Moyne, sieur de Bienville. (Makers of America.) N. Y.: Dodd. 1892. SI. [1172 106 COLONIAL PERIOD, 1607-1760 — THE SOUTH AND WEST (FRENCH) 1173-1178 Biography of the founder of New Orleans, called also " Father of Louisiana," one of the greatest of Canadian pioneers, who, coming in 1G99, a boy, with his brother, tlie famous Iberville, to the discovery of the mouth of the Mississippi River, threw his life into the work of holding for France the vast territory accpiired through success in this enterprise. And as his life, 1682-1769, was coextensive with the historj' of the province, from its naming by La Salle to its cession to Spain, his history is the history of the French possession of Louisiana and domination of the Mississippi River. Fresh sources of information, original local research and new handling of old ma terial are the recommendations of the book to the student. Catherwood, Mrs. Mary Hartwell. He- rocs of the middle west : the French. Boston : Ginn. 1898. 50c. [1173 Five sketchy chapters " covering the French dis- covery and occupation of the middle west, from Mar- quette and Joliet to the pulling down of the French flag at Fort Chartres." Although avowedly written for school-children, the style is stiffly labored, and lacks life and color. The preface is curiously boast- ful of the author's historical knowledge, but the ex- hibition thereof smells of the lamp. Not calculated to assist in popularizing western history. Chapman, Thomas Jefferson. The French in the Allegheny valley. Cleveland: Williams, [c. 1887.] [1 174 Under this title the author has brought together a series of studies originally made, or at least written out, for publication in the historical magazines. The first one deals with Celeron's voyage down the Alle- gheny in 1749 ; the last one with the Virginia land claims in Pennsylvania ; while between them lie four- teen others having no historical centre of unity, but bound together somewhat loosely by geographical re- lations. The book is not a contribution to knowledge, but it may be commended as a contribution to popu- lar information. B. A. H. Falconer, Thomas. On the discovery of the Mississippi, and on the south-western, Ore- gon, and north-western boundary of the United States. London: Clarke. 1844. [ii75 The first half is devoted to a sketch of La Salle's exploring expedition, based upon documents in the Archives of the Marine, at Paris. The second half consists of English translations of memoirs and let- ters of La Salle and Tonty, from the same archives. The author is a London lawyer, and the book a brief for the English contention in our northwest boundary dispute. The broad territorial acquisitions by La Salle and other French explorers who operated under Canadian auspices are considered to have included much of the western country, and to have been acquired by Great Britain upon the cession of New France. R. G. T. Griffin, Appleton Prentiss Clark. Dis- covery of the Mississippi: a bibliographical account, reprinted from the Magazine of Amer- ican history, March and April, 1883. N. Y. : Barnes. 1883. [1176 A bibliographical account of the travels of Nicolet, Alloiiez, Marquette, Hennepin and La Salle in the Mississippi valley, and of La Salle's voyage to the Gulf, 1684-87. This critical list of the principal con- temporary narratives of the first French explorations shows editions, reprints and translations, includes biographical .accounts of the explorers and the argu- ments of their supporters, and also a list of later pub- lications and periodical literature on the subject, arranged in chronological order, 1703-1882. The more important edited maps, bearing date previous to 1700, are included, with the printed works in which they may be found. The Joliet map, 1674, reproduced in facsimile, is the earliest which represents the Missis- sippi in connection with the Great Lakes. Hebberd, Stephen Southwick. History of Wisconsin under the dominion of France. Madison : Midland Pub. Co. 1890. [1177 The author's principal thesis is, that the stubborn resistance to the French, made by the Fox Indians in Wisconsin, and their allies in the middle west, from about 1694-1763, was a primary cause of the downfall of New France. The conspirators weakened the chain of connection between Canada and Louisiana, thus sapping the life of the fur trade and jeopardizing military operations. Further, the "Wisconsin Indians were the chief enemies of Pontiac ; and, overthrow- ing his plans, secured the English in possession of the continental interior. Therein Mr. Hebberd con- troverts the views of Parkman and many other writ- ers. The book exhibits much research and histoi'ical acumen, but is not always convincing, and the tone sometimes is unnecessarily bitter. No index. Hennepin, Louis. Description of Louisi- ana ; tr. from the ed. of 1683 by John Gilmarv Shea. N. Y.: Shea. 1880. [1178 The relation of an exploration of the Illinois River and upper Mississippi by Hennepin, who accompanied La Salle as almoner on his expedition in the di.scovery of the Mississippi. Captured by the Sioux, and carried up beyond the Falls of St. Anthony which he named, Hennepin experienced the adventures which form one of the most interesting, as it is one of the most impor- tant relations of French pioneers in America. Un- fortunately, Hennepin, after the death of La Salle, republished his narrative, changing it so as to contain an exploration of the mouth of the Mississippi, before ascending to its source, thus claiming the glory of La Salle's achievement. This was supported by plagia- rized descriptions. Shea disputes the charges against Hennepin and publishes fairly all the versions of his relation. G. K. New discovery of a vast country in America ; to which are added, several new discoveries in North-America [tr. from the French]. London. 1698. New discovery of a large country in the northern America, extending above 4000 miles. — Account of ]\Ir. La Salle's undertaking to discover the River Mississippi, by way of the 107 1179-1182 THE UNITED STATES Gulph of Mexico. (In Am. Antiquarian Soc. ArchtBologia Americana, V. 1. 1820.) [ii79 " ' I here protest to you, before God,' he writes, addressing the reader, ' that my narrative is faith- ful and sincere, and that you may believe even,- thing related in it.' And yet, as we shall see, this reverend father was the most impudent of liars ; and the narra- tive of which he speaks is a rare monument of brazen mendiicity. Hennepin, however, had seen and dared much : for among his many failings fear had no part ; and, where his vanity or his spite was not involved, he often told the truth. His books have their value, with all their enormous fabrications. ... It appears from his own later statements, as well as from those of Tonty, . . . that La Salle had instructed him to explore, not alone the Illinois, but also the upper Mis- sissippi. That he actually did so, there is no reason- able doubt ; and, could he have contented himself with telling the truth, his name would have stood high as a bold and vigorous discoverer. But his vicious attempts to malign his commander, and plun- der him of his laurels, have wrapped his genuine merit in a cloud. Hennepin's first book was pub- lished soon after his return from his travels, and while La Salle was still alive. In it, he relates the accomplishment of the instructions given him, with- out the smallest intimation that he did more. Four- teen years after, when La Salle was dead, he published another edition of his travels in Avhich he advanced a new and surprising pretension. Reasons connected with his personal safety, he declares, before compelled him to remain silent ; but a time at length has come when the truth must be revealed. And he proceeds to affirm that, before ascending the Mississippi, he, ■with his two men, exi)lored its whole course from the Illinois to the sea, thus anticipating the discovery which forms the crowning laurel of La Salle. . . . The story was distrusted from the first. AVhy had he not told it before ? An excess of modesty, a lack of self- assertion, or a too sensitive reluctance to wound the susceptibilities of others, had never been found among his foil)les. Yet some, perhaps, might have believed him. had he not, in the first edition of his book, gra- tuitously and distinctly declared that he did not make the voyage in question. . . . He ensnares himself in a hopeless confusion of dates. . . . Six years before Hennepin published his pretended discovery, his bro- ther friar, Father Chretien Le Clerc, published an account of the RecoUet missions among the Indians, under the title of Etahlissemcnt dc lafol. This book, offensive to the Jesuits, is said to have been suppressed by order of government ; but a few cojiies ffirtunately survive. ... It contains the journal of Father Zenobe Membr6, on his descent of the ^Mississippi in 1G81, in company with La S.alle. The slightest comparison of his narrative with that of Hennepin is sufficient to show that the latter framed his own storj' out of incidents and descriptions furnished by his brother missionary, often using his very words, and sometimes cojiying entire pages." The earlier parts of Henne- pin's book " square exceedingly well with contempo- rarj' records of undoubted authenticity. . . . He con- stantly, it is true, magnifies his own acts, . . . and yet, till he reaches the Mississippi, there can be no doubt that in the main he tells the truth." Francis Parkman, La Salic and the discovery of the great west, ch. 9, 1". La Salle, Robert Cavalier de. B.\rtlett, Chakles II., and Richard H. Lyon. La Salle in the valley of the St. Joseph. South Bend, Ind. : Tribune Prtg. Co. 1899. SI. 25. [ii8o The result of local investigation to secure materials for two historical paintings. It tries to locate the portage path used by La Salle from the St. Joseph to the Kankakee Rivers, in what is now northern Indiana, and the place where he held a treaty with the .^liamis. The illustrations are reproductions of local photographs. E. E. S. LePage du Pratz. Histoire de la Louisi- ane. Paris. 1758. 3v. History of Louisiana; tr. from the French. London : Becket. 1763. 2v. Abridged. 1774. Iv. [iiSi One of the earliest and most useful authorities in the history of Louisiana. Coming to the colony in 1718 and remaining there sixteen years, part of the period as official physician to the royal plantation opposite New Orleans, the author had the time and ojiportu- nity to exercise his shrewd yet genial powers of obser- vation, on the men and events about which he wrote on his return to Paris. If, when he dilates on his fa- vorite theme, the Indians, particularly the Natchez tribe, his credulitj', or his confidence in ours, appears at times excessive, and if naVve gossip too often p.as.ses with him for serious i)roof, his genuine in- tention to instruct and not to deceive is ever convin- cingly api)arent to the reader. G. K. "The original edition IHistoire de la Lomsiane] was published at Paris in 1758. . . . The presence of Le Page du Pratz in the colony for sixteen years (1718 to 1734) gives to his i/(,s/o(re de la Loiiisiane a value which his manifest egotism and whimsical theories cannot entirely obscure. It was an authority in the boundary discussions." A. McF. Da\is, in .\arrative and critical hist, of Am., 5: 65. Margry, Pierre, ed Decouvertes et eta- blissements dos Fran^ais dans I'oucst et dans le sud de I'Amerique septentrionale, 1614-1698 : memoires et documents inedits. Paris : Mai- sonneuve. 1879. 3v. Same, 1614-1754: memoires et docu- ments origiuaux. Paris: Maisonneuve. 1881- 88. 3v. [1 182 " A collection of documents relating to La Salle . . . was in possession of M. Pierre Margrj-, director of the Archives of the Marine nning Califomian, wrote from the Pacific coast stan(li)oint, as modified l)y the meth- ods and training of the Historical Seminar at Johns Hopkins T^niversity. The pami)hlet upon Spanish colonization is merely a preliminary study to the larger book upon Spanish institutions. The latter should long maintain a respectable place, both as a book for popular reading, since its style is easy and attractive, and also for general reference. It does not claim to be a complete history, but is simply a University study of the missions, the colonial municipalities, the presidios and other Spanish-American institutions in California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. Its "local color" is excellent. C. H. S. Davis, William Watts Hart. Spanish conquest of New Mexico. Doylestown, Pa. 1869. [1 192 Equipped with more than ordinary ability for his- torical investigation, tlie author resided for several years in New Mexico as IJ. S. attorney and for a time as acting governor, becoming deeply interested in the history of the territory through the Spanish archives at Santa lY' to which he had access. The book was the first history of New INIexico published in English, and it far excelled any subsequent effort in that direc- tion until Uandelier imblislied the results of his own noteworthy researches. These latter shed light on raanypoints concerning which Davis was either doubt- ful or in error — such, for example, as the location of Qui\ira, and the failure of Cabeza de Vaca to cross the present boundary of the territory. Considering General Davis's comparatively meagre facilities, his book was far ahead of its time. It still contains much historical and ethnological information of value, pre- sented in an entertaining manner. F. W. H. Irving, Theodore. Conquest of Florida by Hernando de Soto. Phil.: Carey. 1835. 2v. Same, rev.; History of De Soto's con- quest of Florida. N. Y. : Putnam. 1857. $3. ["93 This work presents the early history of the country called Florida to the end of De Soto's invasion. It has generally been regarded as the standard work on this period. The author, a nephew of "Washington Irving, studied in Spain the original authorities, De Vega, Biedma, etc., on which the early history of Florida should be based. His work enters somewhat more into details than the De Soto in Florida of Grace King (sect. 1197), and contains more critical notes on names and places. It is for the most part accurate ; but the author, in tracing the route of De Vaca, un- fortunately had to use the first edition of Buckingham Smith's work, which was corrected by Smith himself in 1871 (sect. 1195). The style is clear and simple ; but not so vivid and attractive as that of Miss King. J. R. F. Lummis, Charles Fletcher. The Spanish pioneers. Chicago: McClurg. 1893. §1.50. [1 194 For a number of years Lummis was an intimate of Bandelier, both in New Mexico and Peru, and per- haps no higher compliment can be paid the authen- ticity of this book on the undertjQvings of the earliest makers of American history than to say that it was prepared under his guidance. The narratives are most interestingly related, and are illumined by side- lights reflected from personal experience in much of the territory which the Spanish pioneers trod. The book casts serious doubt on some of Prcscott's writ- ings. F. W. H. Nunez Cabe9a de Vaca, Alvarez. Rela- tion ; tr. from the Spanish by Buckingham Smith. N. Y. : the estate of the author. 1871. Journey to New Mexico, 1535-6 ; from [his] Relation. (Old South leaflets, no. 39.) ["95 " The narration of the unfortunate expedition of Cabeza de Vaca across the territory now occupied by the southern states from Florida to Texas in the year 1527, nearly three and a half centuries ago, is full of the most melancholy yet absorbing interest. Nine years of wanderings and captivity among the Indians elapsed before this ill-fated member of a still more unfortunate band escaped almost alone of all who .set out so joyously with him. His narration has been received by all historians and antiquaries as vera- cious." T. W. Y\c\Ci, Indian bibliograiihy,\<. bT>. Rye, William B., ed. Discovery and con- quest of Terra Florida, by Don Fernando de Soto ; written by a gentleman of Elvas [1557] ; tr. out of Portuguese by Richard Hakluyt. London : Ilakluyt Soc. 1851. ["96 110 PERIOD OF DISCONTENT AND REVOLUTION, 1760-1783 1197-1204 To promote interest in the new colony of Virginia, Hakluyt publislied this account of de Soto's explora- tion of Florida (equivalent in meaning to our " cotton States ") in 1609 under tlie title : Vinjinia richly valued, etc. In 1611 the title was changed to The tvorthye and famous history of the travailes : . . of that great continent of Terra Florida, &c. His ver- sion was published again in the supplement to the 1809 ed. of his Voyages, in Force's Tracts, vol. 6, and in French's Hist. Coll. of La., vol. 2. In 1866, Mr. Buckingham Smith published a new translation in the Bradford Club series. The narrative is a straightfor- ward and trustworthy account by an eye-witness. It is one of the most important sources for the history of the southern Indians. This volume includes another briefer contemporary narrative by a Si)aiiish soldier, Luys Hernandez de Biedma, translated by the editor, Mr. Rye, who has supplied an extended introduction. This narrative of the " Gentleman of Elvas " is in- cluded in Goldsmid's Hakluyt's Principal naviga- tions under its original title, Virginia richly valued. The original was reprinted at Lisbon in 1844 and 1875 in the first vol. of the Colleegao de ojmseulos reim- presos relativos a historia das navegaqoes, via/fens e conquistas das Portuguezes, pp. 5-139. E. G. B. Soto, Fernando de. King, Grace. De Soto and his men in the land of Florida. N. Y. : Macmillan. 1898. $1.50. [1197 The author had access to the best original authori- ties — especially Garcilaso de la Vega, Biedma, and the narrative of a "Gentleman of Elvas." All attempts to reconcile conflicting statements were avoided, the object being to produce an interesting rather than a critical work. The author has omitted as unsuitable for her work a portion of De la Vega's narrative, describing Indian customs, etc. The chief authority used is the original Spanish of De la Vega, with ex- tracts here and there from a "Gentleman of Elvas." There are a few notes, identifying places through which De Soto passed. The stoi*y as told by Miss King is graphic and thrilling. It is destined to be the most popular account of De Soto's wanderings. The style is admirably suited to the matter ; it is clear, simple, and vivid. There is no index. J. R. F. — WiLMER, Lambert A. Life, travels and adventures of Ferdinand de Soto, discoverer of the Mississippi. Phil. 1859. [1198 " Written in a style worthy of its subject. The story of De Soto's life is told with a vigor and nervous energy, characteristic of his restless career." T. W. Field, Indian bibliography, p. 425. Venegas, Miguel. Natural and civil his- tory of California ; tr. from the original Span- ish [Madrid. 1758]. London. 1759. 2v. [1199 The author was an erudite Jesuit missionary whose field of labor was in Mexico and California. "While in the latter province he gathered much information from personal observation and even a greater body of data from the archives of the various missions. The volumes are replete with valuable historical, geo- graphical, and ethnological material not found in other works, many of the sources of Venegas' know- ledge never having been published. The work per- tains as much to Lower California, southern Arizona, and northern Sonora as to California proper. Kino's map of 1702 formed the basis of Venegas' map. F. W. H. 2. Period of Discontent, Revolt and Independence : 1760-1783 Abbatt, William. Crisis of the Revolution : being the story of iVrnold and Andre. N. Y. : Abbatt. 1899. $20. Subs. [1200 This volume is issued under the auspices of the Em- pire State Society, Sons of the American Revolution. Compiled from the sources and illustrated with excel- lent reproductions of original photographs. The story is well told. Altogether an excellent book. E. C. Adams, John. Works ; with life, notes and illustrations by Charles Francis Adams. Bos- ton: Little. 1850-6. lOv. [1201 The famous grandson of John Adams was well-fitted to collect and order the vast mass of documents, the memorials of the long life-work of the second Presi- dent. His cool judicial portrayal shows no trace of a tendency to exaggerate the merits of his subject : there is a marked abstention from filial partiality and family glorification. While many of the documents are invaluable, the world now and hereafter will probably most prize the letters and the diary. The character of John Adams is revealed in these in a most attractive light, — as frankly artless almost as Sewell, as abinipt and prejudiced as Dr. Johnson, — testy, full of foibles, self-conscious, but brave and honest to the very core ; a brain of the finest power and a heart of oak. J. K. H. Correspondence with Professor Win- throp, and with Mrs. Mercy Warren. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 315. [1202 — Adams, Charles Francis. Life of John Adams, begun by John Quincy Adams, com- pleted by Charles Francis Adams ; rev. and corrected. Phil. : Lippincott. 1871. Sv. $3. [1203 A reprint in smaller form of the first volume of The life and, works of John Adams, which appeared in 1856 (sect. 1201). Tlie " revision " consists apparently in omitting the genealogical sketch, many of the foot- notes, and the appendix. E. E. S. — Chamberlain, Mellen. John Adams, • the statesman of the American Revolution; with other essays and addresses. Boston : Houghton. 1898. $3. [1204 " The initial essay on John Adams, the longest and most important piece in the volume, is a thorough- going examination of the causes of the Revolution and of the relation of Adams to the constitutional side of the struggle. No writer has set forth more clearly or instructively the nature of the influences which brought about the separation of the American colonies 111 1205-1211 THE UNITED STATES from the mother country. In Judge Chamberlain's view, writs of assistance, the Stamp Act, and the vari- ous revenue and coercive measures of Great Britain •were the occasion, rather than the cause, of the Revo- lution. They were irritating and, from the standpoint of political expediency, indefensible, but they only hastened a crisis which, even without them, could not have been permanently averted. ... It was the pecul- iar merit of John Adams that he was one of the first to see the constitutional sijrnificance of the contest, and that he led Massachusetts, and through her the other colonies, to a more or less discerning acceptance of his ideas." Kation, 68: 115. — Morse, John Torrey, Jr. John Adams. (Am. statesmen.) Boston : Houghton. 1885. $1.25. [1205 An interesting book, well conceived and well writ- ten, an excellent example of popular biography. E. C. R. Adams, John and Abigail. Familiar let- ters during the Revolution ; [ed.] by Charles Francis Adams. Boston : Houghton, [c. 1875.] §2. [1206 In 17G4 Abigail Smith, just twenty years old, daugh- ter of the minister of Weymouth, and having in her veins the blood of a score of the most noted Massa- chusetts worthies, married John Adams, son of a small farmer in Braintree, the undistinguished family of the bridegroom as well as the fact that he was a lawyer, a calling in those days scarcely deemed respect- able, causing it to be regarded as a great come-down for the beautiful and well-born maid. John Adams achieved, through character and ability, the highest eminence ; and from the two has proceeded perhaps the most distinguished of American families. The letters of such a pair during the American Revolution naturally possess the utmost interest. The face of the time — the pabUc trials, failures, triumphs — ap- pears as in a perfect mirror. At the same time, as a revelation of noble manly and womanly worth, the correspondence has rarely, if ever, been surpassed. J. K. H. Adams, Samuel. Hosmer, James Ken- dall. Samuel Adams. (American statesmen.) Boston: Houghton. 1885. $1.25. [1207 Tliis book sets forth the man Samuel Adams, 1722- 1803, in a brief and interesting manner. It is well conceived and well written, an admirable specimen of popular biography by a scholarly writer. E. C. R. — Wells, William V. Life and public services of Samuel Adams. Boston: Little. 1865. 3v. [1208 A three-volumed work, filled with the most valuable materiaLs, by the great-grandson of Samuel Adams, who had access to the manuscripts preserved in the family, one of the best of the Revolutionary collec- tions, afterwards the possession of George Bancroft, and at present in the Lenox Library, New York. The defects of the book are that it is throughout eulogis- tic of its subject, and throughout condemnatory of the men against whom he strove. While to Samuel 112 Adams rather than to Washington belongs the title " Father of America," a title accorded him by his con- temporaries, Washington being rather the foster- father who protected and nurtured the child after it was bom, the "man of the town-meeting" was after all a very human instrument. He was wily and nar- row: his methods were to a large extent those of the "machine;" it is perhaps not too harsh to say he was the prototj-pe of the " boss." Yet withal he was thoroughly sincere, self-forgetting and brave. The opponents of Samuel Adams were sometimes men of high character and courage, holding opinions suscej)- tible of defence. The work of Wells is a treasury of important information ; but the reader must guard himself against being led by it into uudiscriminating admiration of its hero, and into aversion just as uudis- criminating as regards his adversaries. J. K. H. Adolphus, John. History of England from the accession of George IH to 1783. London. 1805. 3v. History of England from the accession to the decease of George IH. London. 1840- 45. 7v. [1209 Tills history, by its elaborate defence of the govern- ment of George III and of the attitiule of Parliament toward the American colonies, was designed to gratify British Tory sympathies, and was famous in its day. But, like all apologetic histories, it is vehemently one- sided, and worse still, in the portions dealing with the war of the Revolution is full of inaccurate statements and unjust conclusions. Some of the author's com- ments upon Washington and other leading Revolu- tionary leaders verge on the absurd. In general the work is heavj' and dull, and any usefulness that it might have to-day is impaired by the absence of an index. C. M. A. Affaires de I'Angleterre et de I'Amerique. Anvers. [Paris. ] 1776-[17:9]. 15v. in 17. [1210 This periodical, according to Barbier, was edited by Franklin, Court de Gebelin, Robinet, and others, with the purpose of placing before the French public the American side of the Revolutionary War ; and for France it is what Almon's Remembrancer {^ect. 1219) was for Great Britain. The plan of the work is three- fold: First, to print in diary form a narrative of events. Second, to rejjrint from newspapers and pamphlets matter of special interest. Third, to give in what purported to be letters from a London banker, the inside political history and Parliamentary proceed- ings of Great Britain. Though edited to a certain extent in a partisan manner, and though containing many errors, it is of singular value fi>r the history of the i)eriod covered ; but, owing to its rarity, and to the extreme bibliogra))hical confusion in its parts and volumes, it has been singularly neglected as historical material. P. L. F. Alden, George Henry. New governments west of the AUeghanics before 1780. (Univ. of Wisconsin. Bulletin, hist, ser., v. 2, no. 1.) Madison. 1897. 50c. [121 1 Thia monograph is a good example of a university PERIOD OF DISCONTENT AND REVOLUTION, 1760-1783 1212-1219 thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philo- of them into the above volumes is not to be consid- sophy. It throws new light upon its subject, or at least focalizes the light before scattered, and ranks as a aseful addition to our political history. B. A. H. Allen, Col. Ethan. Allen's captivity ; being a narrative containing his voyages, travels, etc. Boston: Perkins. 1845. [1212 This little narrative covers the capture of Ticon- deroga, the Canadian expedition with Arnold, Allen's capture by the British, and his captivity for two years at Halifax and New York. It describes in strong lan- guage the treatment given the American prisoners. The narrative was first printed at Bennington in 1779 and has passed through many editions and forms. It has been used freely in all the lives of Allen. E. E. S. — Hall, Henry. Ethan Allen, the Robin Hood of Vermont. N. Y. : Appleton. 1892. $1. [1213 A biography of an interesting Revolutionary hero (1737-89), i>osthumously published. It seems less the result of an attempt to gain exact information than of the desire to write an entertaining narrative. It is fanciful rather than judicious (as instanced on the title-page), and uncritical in the extreme (as shown in the beginning of the 7th chapter). The book has neither index, maps, nor illustrations (beyond a vignette on the title-page). W. E. F. Allen, Jolley. Narrative, 1775-76. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 332. [1214 Allen, Paul. History of the American Re- volution. Bait. 1819. Bait.: Bell. 1822. 2v. [1215 This is a work of but slight value, and has not even the merit of being composed throughout by the same " hack writer " who signs his initials to the preface. The " associates " whose names he omits to mention were John Xeal and Tobias Watkins. It is one of the early instances of •' book-making," pure and simple (to be paralleled, later, in numerous " Histories of the Rebellion," etc.), and possessing neither accuracy, judicial temper, nor an admirable literary style. It has no maps and no index. W. E. F. Almon, John, comp. Collection of political tracts, 1764-73. London. 1773. 4v. Collection of scarce and interesting tracts, written by persons of eminence ; upon the most important political and commercial subjects during the years 1763-70. London. 1787-88. 4v. Collection of the most interesting tracts lately published in England and America on the subjects of taxing the American colonies and regulating their trade. London. 1766-79. 6v. [1216 These are collections of tracts and pamphlets, the greater number of which had already been published either by Almon himself or by others. The gathering ered in the light of a regular publication, for there do not appear to have been many copies issued of any one of the Collections noted. The first contains tracts, mostly signed, but some anonymous, on politi- cal liberty and freedom of the press ; the second deals with the trade, commerce, and taxation of America ; and the third, which is of a much more general char- acter, has to do with Tory administration in England, the trial of John Wilkes, the law of libel, and a few commercial topics. Pamphlets dealing with both sides of important questions are to be found here, though Almon was a strong Whig and a friend of John Wilkes. Most of the pamphlets exist in sepa- rate form. C. M. A. Parliamentary register. See in Part I : Sources, sect. 75. [1217 [Prior documents] : A collection of inter- esting, authentic papers relative to the dispute between Great Britain and America, shewing the causes and progress of that misunderstand- ing, 1764-75. London. 1777. [1218 This collection of documents is prefatory to Al- mon's larger work the Remembrancer, which opened with the commencement of hostilities in 177.5. The prior documents are those which concern the earlier period from 17G4 to 177.5, and this collection of them was issued two years after the Remembrancer had first begun to appear. It includes acts, debates, re- solves, messages, addresses, letters, petitions, and the like in England and America, such as were appearing in the newspapers of the day. Almou's collections have not lost their utility, and are still quoted. C. M. A. Usually cited by the running title " Prior docu- ments." Remembrancer, The ; or Impartial re- ( pository of public events. London : J. Almon. 1775-84. 17v. ' [1219 Almon was a successful bookseller and journalist of liberal views, at the height of his career during our Revolutionary period. He was radical enough to be the ardent friend of John Wilkes, and sympathized fully with the contention of the Thirteen Colonies, which he helped with all his influence. His boldness brought him more than once under penalty of the law, and at one time he was driven into exile in France. Among his numerous writings and collec- tions the Remembrancer, published monthly and run- ning through the time of our war, from 1775 to 1781, has especial importance. Its plan was to select from the public prints accounts of the material public events, to issue them in octavo, and at the end of the volume to give a copious index. Almon throughout each year furnished, together with appropriate com- ments, a miscellany of news-jottings, state-papers, letters, documents of any kind likely to interest. Many important matters are here preserved, rare, or not at all to be found elsewhere. It is a fact worth noting that a man with a shrewd eye to business found his account in such a publication, there being many readers for it in the England of that day. The Re- membrancer was supplemented by Prior documents, noteworthy papers preceding the outbreak. Indis- pensable to the student of the Revolution. J. K. H. 113 1220-1231 THE UNITED STATES American archives : a collection of authen- tic statt papers [etc.], forming a documentary history of the North American colonies ; [comp. ] by Peter Force. Ser. 4, v. 1-6. Ser. 5, v. 1-3. Wash. 1837-53. 9 v. [1220 Part of a projected great collection of documents, of which only C volumes of the 4th series (1774-1776), and 3 volumes of the 5th series (1776), were published. The contents include statutes, legislative and parlia- mentarj- proceedings, proceedings of local bodies, speeches, letters, etc. Though ill-arranged, the col- lection is invaluable for the study of the early Revo- lutionary period. W. MacD. Araory, T. C. Memory of General John Sullivan vindicated. See Massachusetts His- torical Society, sect. 327. [1221 Anburey, Thomas. Travels through the in- terior parts of America. London : Lane. 1789. 2v. [1221 a Anburey was an officer in Burgoyne's army, and many of his letters were written while he was a prisoner of war. " It is an agreeable surprise to find, with occa^ sional asperity, much candid intelligence and interest- lug local information." H. T. Tuckerman, America and her commentators, p. 186. Andre, Maj. John. Dawson, Henry B., ed. Papers concerning the capture and detention of Major John Andre. Yonkers, N. Y. 1866. [1222 " The most complete gathering of authentic mate- rial which has been made." Justin "Winsor, in A^ar- rative and critical hist, of Am., 6: 464. — Sargent, Westthrop. Life and career of Major John Andre. Boston : Ticknor. 1861. N. Y. : Appleton. 1871. [1223 Tills is the best biography of " the unfortunate Andr<^'," written in the later spirit of regret which most Americans feel for his execution. The justice of the sentence is widely reviewed and various com- mentators quoted. The style of treatment is florid and the view-i)oint extreme in Andre's favor. The appendix contains some information concerning the later life of Benedict Arnold. E. E. S. — Smith, Horace Wemyss, comp. Andre- ana. Phil.: Smith. 1865. [1224 A collection of materials relating to Andr6, made by Horace W. Smith. It embraces a reprint of the Procred i nf/s of the Board of officers which tried Andr(5, the letters relating to a mitigation of his sen- tence, contemporary accounts of his execution, and a number of portraits and cartoons. There is no essay accompanying the collection, but the material has been gathered from many sources, some now inaccessible. E. E. S. Andrews, John. History of the war with America, France, Spain, and Holland, 1775-83. London. 1785-6. 4v. [1225 The period covered is from 1775 to 1783, and the nar- rative which has been herein embodied of the Ameri- can struggle (scattered through all four of the vol- umes instead of being told separately), is one of the most detailed accounts written by any Englishman, and should be compared with the later work by Lud- low (sect. 1424). The work is frankly a compilation, but shows much elfort to obtain the exact facts, is fairly judicial, and shows marked imjiartiality of tem- per in dealing with the motives of the American colo- nists, and a fair amount of care in preparation. It contains numerous portraits and 8 maps, with separate indexes to all four volumes at the end of the fourth volume. Its literary quality is not such as to com- mend it to the general reader of the present day, and it serves only as " materials for history." W. E. F. Letters, 1772-76. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 326. [1226 Armand, Col. Letters, relating to the siege of Yorktown. See New-York Historical So- ciety, sect. 361. [1227 Arnold, Maj. - Gefi. Benedict. Arnold, Isaac Newton. Life of Benedict Arnold. Chicago: McClurg. 1880. S2.50. [1228 Tlie life of the celebrated general of the 18th century (1741-1801), whose treason is one of the Revolutionary episodes, written by a member of the same family, though not a descendant. The sources of information in the present volume are, in part, family papers. As the book is frankly an attempt to overcome the " uni- versal prejudice " against Arnold, it loses somewhat in impartial treatment, though the desire of the au- thor to be just and fair is everywhere evident. The book has an index and one portrait. W. E. F. — Barbe-Marboip, Francois de. Com- plot d' Arnold et de Sir Henry Clinton. Paris : Didot. 1816. [1229 " Marbois, the secretary of the French legation at Philadelphia at the time, wrote a Complot d'' Arnold ct Clinton, which was not published till 1816 at Paris. Sparks says, that what came under Marbois' personal observation is valuable ; but otherwise the book, as most students think, should be used with caution. . . . Marbois was translated by AV'alsh in the Am,er. rcf/ister, vol. 2." Justin Winsor, in Karralive and critical hist, of Am., 6: 463, and note. — Sparks, Jared. Life and treason of Benedict Arnold. (Library of Am. biography, V. 3.) Boston: Harper. 1835. [1230 This was the most comprehensive life before the appearance of Arnold's Arnold (sect. 1228). It is de- voted almost exclusively to Arnold's military career in the American Revolution from 1775 until his trea- sonable action in 1780. The periods of his earlier and later life are slightly treated. The general attitude toward Arnold is fair. A contrast is drawn between the case of Andr6 and that of Nathan Hale. E. E. S. Arnold, Reward Payson. Historic side- lights. N. Y.: Harper. 1899. $2.50. [1231 " Benjamin Franklin and his friends both in Amer- ica and abroad are the central figures of a most 114 PERIOD OF DISCONTENT AND REVOLUTION, 1760-1783 1232-1241 entertaining collection of delightful gossip, personal anecdotes, and quaint and curious historical lore, gathered from those out-of-the-way corners which historians proper for many reasons neglect." Pub- lisher's weekly, 56: 89G. Aspinwall papers. See Massachusetts His- torical Society, sect. 312. [1232 Balch, Thomas. The French in America during the war of independence, 1777-83 ; tr. by T. W., E. S., and E. W. Balch. Phil.: Porter. 1891-5. 2v. Phil: Coates. 2v. $5. [1233 Originally printed as Les Franqctis en Amerique (Paris. 1872). Vol. 1 contains a narrative of the doings of the French in America especially in the Yorktown campaign. Vol. 2 contains lists and descriptions of regiments and officers. A contribution to our know- ledge of the Revolution. E. C. Barney, Commodore Joshua. Biographical memoir of the late Commodore Joshua Barney ; ed. by Mary Barney. Boston: Gray. 1832. [1234 Compiled from " autographical notes " and jour- nals in possession of his family and other authentic sources. In the form of a memoir with original ma- terial scattered here and there through the text, in notes, and in an appendix. Interesting, but full of prejudice. E. C. Bartram, William. Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, etc. Phil.: James. 1791. London. 1792. [1235 The author, a botanist, sailed from London for Charleston, S. C, in April, 1773, " at the request of Dr. Fothergill, of London, to search the Floridas, and the western parts of Carolina and Geoi'gia, for the discov- ery of rare and useful productions in nature, chiefly in the vegetable kingdom." His path lay through the territories of the Creek, Cherokee and Choctaw tribes of Indians, as far west as the Mississippi River. He reached Philadelphia in January, 1778, here closing his narrative. While the author is largely concerned with natural history, the Indians and the white fur- traders interest him greatly, and his journal abounds in graphic descriptions of forest life and aboriginal manners. An appendix of 42 pp. specifically treats of " The persons, manners, customs and government of the" tribes visited. The work is of high value as an original authority upon our southern Indians, during the period of the Revolutionary War. R. G. T. Bassett, John'S. The regulators of North Carolina. See American Historical Associa- tion, sect. 246. [1236 Bean, Theodore W. Washington at Valley Forge one hundred years ago. Norristown, Pa.: Bean. 1876. [1237 Handbook of the Pennsylvania campaign of 1777-78. Supplied with admirable maps. Covers the operations from Brandywine to the evacuation of Philadelphia by the British in 1778. Carefully written. E. C. Belknap papers. See Massachusetts His- torical Society, sect. 313. [1238 Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Caron, called de. Lomenie, Louis Leonard de. Beaumarchais and his times ; tr. by Henry S. Edwards. London : Addey. 1856. 4v. N. Y. Harper. 1857. Iv. — Same; tr. with an introd. by F. Lyster. N. Y. : Drallop. 1895. $1.50. [1239 "It is not too much to say that the character of Beaumarchais — of whom M. de Lomenie has . . . writ- ten a charming biography — was one of the most ex- traordinary in an age of extraordinary characters. . . . From a watch-maker's workshop he raised himself at one bound to a social intimacy with royal families : from suffering hardship for the want of a few francs, he passed suddenly into the ranks of the leading financiers of Europe, and as suddenly relapsed into poverty." He was " a merchant, a courtier, a diplo- matist, a lawyer, a song-writer, an admiral, a con- tractor, an inventor, a banker, a i)olitician, and the most successful dramatic author, next to Molifere, that France ever produced. . . . This extraordinary man — this French Alcibiades — was really the first man in Europe who saw the possibility of the independence of the United States, and labored practically to effect that great object. Nor does it diminish his claim on our sympathy to know that for forty years he and his heirs were unpaid creditors of this country." J. Bon- ner, in Harper's mae/azlne, 14: 70. Blanchard, Claude. Journal of Claude Blanchard, commissary of the French auxiliary army sent to the United States, 1780-83 ; tr. from a French MS. by William Duane ; ed. by Thomas Balch. Albany : Munsell. 1875. [1240 Notes made generally from day to day from the time the French army under Rochambeau left France in 1780 until its return in 1783. Contains little of impor- tance as to military operations ; but gives an interest- ing picture of the country and people of New Eng- land, the middle states, and Virgmia. Well translated and edited. E. C. Botta, Charles. History of the war of the independence of the United States ; tr. from the Italian by George A. Otis. Phil. 1820- 21. 3v. 8th ed. New Haven : Brainard. 1840. 2v. [1241 The most valuable of the earlier histories of the Revo- lution, and not yet considered anticpiated. Military history predominates. The work closes with the re- tirement of Washington in 1783. The perspective of the history is bad in places, owing to its being based on European sources. It follows classical forms in putting imaginary speeches into the mouths of the chief actors. A lofty style adds to the heroic mold in which the forefathers of the republic are cast. E. E. S. Boudinot, Elias. Journal ; or Historical recollections of American events during the 115 1242-1251 THE UNITED STATES Revolutionary War; from his own original MS. Phil. : Bourquin. 1894. Trenton, N.J. : Traver. 1899. Limited ed. [1242 Literal and exact. Valuable source for Revolution- ar>' history by one who took a prominent part in events, but miscellaneous and not verj' extensive. E. C. R. Life, public services, addresses, and letters; ed. by J. J. Boudiuot. Boston: Houghton. 1896. 2 v. $6 net. [1243 A well arranged but not critically edited publica- tion of the private and public letters of Boudinot, with his " reminiscences " inserted at proper places. Sev- eral slips of memorj- appear in the latter. ^lauy private letters to and from relatives are without pub- lic interest. Few of the i)ublic letters have not been printed heretofore; 175 pages of speeches are taken from the Annals of Congress. Valuable as a whole for the rise of the Revolution in New Jersey, Benedict Arnold, treatment of British prisoners, Yorktown, Continental Congress (1778, 1781-1), treaty of 1783, early Federal Congress, inauguration of Washington, and Philadelphia mint. E. E. S. Bowdoin and Temple papers. See Massa- chusetts Historical Society, sect. 820. [1244 Brant, Joseph. Eogleston, Edward, and Mrs. Elizabeth Eggleston Seelye, Brant and Red Jacket. (Famous Am. Indians.) N. y.: Dodd. [c. 1879.] §1. [1245 Disappointing and fragmentary. A book " for the general reader and especially young people." A hasty summary of the whole ground covered by Tark- man. Title misleading. Brant and Red Jacket 'hre merely incidental to the narrative. H. W. H". — Stone, William Leete. Life of Joseph Brant — Tliayendanegea, including the border wars of the American Revolution, etc. N. Y. 1838. 2v. Albany: Munsell. 1865. 2v. [1246 A historj' of operations in the Indian country, par- ticularly in New York and Pennsylvania, and on the Canadian border, dtiring the Rcvolutionai-y War, \vith sketches of the Indian relations of the United States and fireat Britain. The style of the author is clear and dignified, but is prolix and lacks imagination ; the work is conse(iuently not easy reading. These scholarly Tolumes abound in documentai-y material, for the author wrote from original sources and dis- plays abundant topograjihical knowledge ; the index also is ample. The i)oint of view is that of strong sympathy with the aborigines, therein differing from most of the earlier historians of border warfare. R. G. T. Brooks, Elbridge Streeter. Century book of the American Revolution. N. Y. : Century Co. [c. 1897.] SI. 50. [1247 A deservedly popular juvenile liook, written as the Story cf a supposed visit by a party of young people to the Revolutionary battlefields. The arrangement is both Chronological and geographical. The illustra- tions are largely photographic reproductions and cor- respondingly valuable. This volume is akin to other " Centurj' " juvenile books by the same author. E. E. S. Burgoyne, Lt.-Gen. John. A state of the expedition from Canada as laid before the House of Commons, and verified by evidence, with a collection of authentic documents. London : Almon. 1780. 2d ed. 1780. [1248 This defence of his campaign consists of Gen. Bur- goyne's prefatory speech and narrative before a com- mittee of the House, the evidence of his witnesses, his review of their testimony, and an appendix containing the wTitten evidence. Included in this last is a return by Gen. Gates of the strength of his army Oct. 16, 1777, and there are several maps illustrating the cam- paign. F. J. S. — Deane, Charles. Lieut. -Gen. John Bur- goyne and the convention of Saratoga. See American Antiquarian Society, sect. 242. [1249 — Fonblanque, Edward Barrington de. Political and military episodes in the latter half of the 18th century ; derived from the life and correspondence of the Right Hon. John Burgoyne. London : Macmillan. 1876. [1250 Five of the ten chapters describe Burgoyne's ser- vices in the Revolutionary War as a British major- general from 1775 to 177S). The narrative is founded upon letters, reports, and records, and supplemented by the author's conclusions. These are extremely apologetic and explanatory in Burgoyne's behalf. The military mal-administration of England is the excuse. Some interesting papers are in the appen- dix. E. E. S. Burke, Edmund. Conciliation WMth the colonies: speech; ed. by Robert Anderson. (Riverside lit. ser.) Boston : Houghton, [c. 1896.] 25c. Speech on conciliation with America ; ed. by Sidney C. Newsom. (]\Iacmillan's pocket English classics.) N. Y.: Macmillan. 1899. 25c. net. [1251 The last is a useful pocket edition, well printed and well bound. The biograi)hical introduction is good and contains a brief estimate of Burke as a states- man with an estimate of his literary ))osition, which is limited to the statement of facts and ventures little criticism. The bibliograiihy is a list of seven books that all libraries possess. The notes are of unequal value, and as a text-book the edition needs a synopsis of the speech. The only index is that of the notes. V. L. C. The first-named is also a convenient edition, with introduction and notes. — MoRLEY, John. Edmund Burke: a his- torical studJ^ London : Macmillan. 1867. N. Y.: Macmillan. 1867. New ed. $1.50. 116 PERIOD OF DISCONTENT AND REVOLUTION, 1760-1783 1252-1261 — MoRLEY, John. Burke. (English men of letters.) London : Macmillan. 1888. N. Y.: Harper. [1887.] 1893. 75c. [1252 A different staiulpoint is adopted in each of these books. The lirst is philosophical and not in any sense biographical. Its six chapters treat of Burke's char- acteristics, the leading issues of his day, his attitude on the English constitution, on American independ- ence, on political and economic reform for the Brit- ish possessions and, lastly, on the French Revolution. The book remains the best estimate we have of Burke's political position. The style accords with the suTiject-matter. The " Men of letters " volume with its reprint is almost entirely biographical, taking up Burke's life by periods and giving a narrative of his career a.s a statesman, author, orator and as a figure in society. "Well written and authoritative, it sadly needs an index and contains no bibliography. To- gether, these two books give all that the average reader or student needs in order to know Burke's place in English history and literature. V. L. C. — Stebbins, C. Edmund Burke, his ser- vices as agent of the province of New York. See American Antiquarian Society, sect. 241. [1253 Campbell, William W. Annals of Tryon County ; or. The border warfare of New-York, during the Revolution. N. Y.: Harper. 1831. [1254 Tryon County included all of the province lying west of a longitudinal line ninning not far from the centre of Schoharie County. This region was long debatable land, and the scene of New York's princi- pal border wars. Campbell's book attracted wide at- tention at the time of its appearance, and inspired many other frontier histories in New York and ad- joining states. The author was a native of Cherry "Valley, and wrote many of his chapters for a local historical society ; before publication, he widened his field to embrace all of Tryon County, but Cheri-y Val- ley remains the principal theatre of his investiga- tions. A pioneer work in the annals of early western New York, it will always remain a standard authority, for it is compiled with judicious care, in good literary form, contains much which the author obtained from first sources, oral and documentary, and may be recommended as entertaining reading. R. G. T. Carrington, Brig. - Oen. Henry Beebee. Battles of the American Revolution. N. Y. : Barnes. 1876. $5. 2v. $6. [1255 Covers only the military side of the Revolution. Based on a careful study of the leading sources. Abundantly supplied with good plans. An admira- ble book in conception and execution. E. C. Carroll, Charles. Journal during his visit to Canada in 1776 ; with memoir and notes by Brantz Mayer. (Maryland Hist. Soc. Publi- cations.) Bait. 1845. [1256 Carroll, with his brother John, Benjamin Franklin, and Chase, was sent by the Continental Congress to persuade the Canadians to join the rebellious colo- nies. The journal extends from April 2 to June 10, 177G, and is here edited with notes and an introduc- tory memoir. Of interest as explaining why Canada did not join in the Revolution. The subject-matter has been made use of in the several lives of Carroll. E. E. S. — Rowland, Kate Mason. Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, 1737-1833. N. Y.: Put- nam. 1898. 2v. $6. [1257 Although associated with almost every public event from 1770 to 1800, Carroll habitually destroyed his cor- respondence. Hence this, his only worthy biography, finds its material largely in official records, i)ublica- tions of the Maryland Historical Society, the journal of "William Maclay, and a few unpublished family letters. It is a mixture of his public and private life, but especially a Carroll family book. A point is stretched to prove liim a strict constructionist and " states-rights " man, although a Federalist. E. E. S. Caruthers, E, W. Interesting Revolution- ary incidents and sketches of character, chiefly in the "Old North State." Ser. 3. Phil. 1856. ' [Ser. 1: Revolutionary incidents, etc.] [1258 "Much of this work seems to be based on good material ; but one should be especially careful to sepa- rate such portions from those founded on tradition, which must have misled Caruthers in several in- stances." E. Channing, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 6: 514. Carver, Caj;)t. Jonathan. Travels through the interior parts of North-America, 1766-8. London. 1778. Three years' travels, etc. Phil. : Cruik- shank. 1784. [1259 A narrative of a journey to the Mississippi River, in 1766-C8, by a native of the New York Province, told with some skill but with an absence of critical in- sight, and showing an unscrupulous use of earlier narratives. The value of Carver's " Cliippeway vocab- ulai-y," here included, is also impaired by the pre- sence of the same defects. "W. E. F. Cavendish, Sir Henry. Debates in Parlia- ment, 1768-1774. See in Part I: Sources, sect. 76. [1260 Chalmers, George. Introduction to the history of the revolt of the American colonies. London. 1783. Boston: Monroe. 1845. 2v. [1261 One of the most suggestive works ever written on early American history. To be sure, it is only a sketch of a large subject ; it contains crude statements ; it shows lack of sympathy with much that was new and valuable in colonial development ; it exhibits the narrow spirit of English officialism. But it reveals, as does no other work, the essential unity of the period of which it treats. In it the correct point of view, viz., that the colonies were parts of a growing mari- 117 1262-1269 THE UNITED STATES time empire, is chosen and maintained throughout. The coutlict between the iniuciple of imperial control on the one side, and that of local or colonial inde- pendence on the other, is shown to be the issue of profoundest significance in this period. It is that which trives unity to it, and it is not unlikely that the historians of the future will return to the fun- damental thought of Chalmers, though it must be developed on broader and less partisan lines. H. L. O. Political annals of the present united colonies from their settlement to the peace of 1763. London. 1780. [1262 Not strictly a book of annals, but a history of the English-American colonies prior to 1689. For his time Chalmers made good use of the materials in the Hrit- ish I'ublic Record Office. He is an authority of the first importance on points of colonial public law. He ii not sympathetic toward the I'uritans or toward other early defenders of colonial independence. Still his temper is judicial, his knowledge — considering the time when he wTote — was adequate, his judgment sober. His style is clear, but without ornament. He cites authorities for all important statements. [See sect. 835.] 11. L. O. Chamberlain, Mellen. Authentication of the Declaration of Independence. See Massa- chusetts Historical Society, sect. 337. [1263 Chastellux, Francois Jean, marquis de. Travels in North-America, 1780-82 ; tr. by J. Kent. London. 1787. 2v. N. Y.: White. 1827. [1264 " Many important economical, social, and personal facts are gracefully recorded ; and the character of the coiuitrj- and of the men who directed the War of Independence and the formation of a free govern- ment are described ; there are some lively anecdoti- cal episodes, and not a few acute speculations: the work is traly French in the constant alternation of a light vein of remark with serious observation, and warm sentiment with worldly wisdom." H. T. Tucker- man, America and her coinmentators, p. 60. Chatham, William Pitt, 1st earl of. Cor- respondence ; ed. by W. S. Taylor and J. H. Pringle. London : Murray. 1838-40. 4v. [1265 These volumes are largely taken up with English political questions. The detailed correspondence practically begins in 1758 and continues to 1778 ; but for a large part of the time Chatham was either out of political life or was ill. On the whole the volumes are disappointing. E. C. — Macaulay, Thomas Babington. Essays on William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. (In Edin- burgh rev. Jan., 1834 ; Oct.. 1844.) [1266 Two of Lord Macaulay's most brilliant biograiihical essays. Devoted almost entirely to English i>olitics. Only scanty allusions to American allairs — even to such episodes as the Stamp Act. May be most con- veniently consulted in the editions of Macaulay's Essays. E. C. Chevalier, Edouard. Histoire de la marine fran^aise pendant la guerre de liudependance americaine ; precedee d'une etude sur la ma^- riue militaire de la France et sur ses institutions depuis le commencement du 17e siecle jusqu'a I'annee 1777. Paris. 1877. Histoire de la marine fran^aise sous la premiere Republique, faisant suite a I'llistoire de la marine frauQaise pendant la guerre de I'independance americaine. Paris. 1886. Histoire de la marine fran^aise sous le Consulat et I'Empire, faisant suite il I'llistoire de la marine fran^aise sous la premiere Repub- lique. Paris. 1886. [1267 This history of the French navy covers the period from the beginning of the seventeenth century to the close of the Xajjoleonic empire. For the earlier period the reader must turn to the recent work of 'M. de la Ronciere, for the later to single monographs dealing with si)ecial i)hases of the subject. Of the work be- fore us only the first volume deals with American his- tory, presenting fairly and clearly the share which the French fleet took in the war of the Revolution. In close connection with this, which is his main pur- pose, INI. Chevalier attemjjts, and with considerable success, to relieve the fleet from charges of sloth and inactivity, and the officers, notably D'Estaing, frgm charges of disobedience and insubordination. Tlie author has based his work upon the 1.3.3 manuscript volumes in the Archives de la Marine in Paris, and has given a clear, readable, and straightforward nar- rative. C. M. A. Chotteau, L6on. La guerre de I'indepen- dance, 1775-83 : lesFran9aisen Amerique ; avec une preface par f^douard Laboulaye. Paris. 1876. 3e ed. Paris. 1882. [1268 Usually cited as Chotteau, Les Fran9ais, etc. Gives a French view of the Revolutionarj' War — with un- due attention to the French participation. Not criti' cal. Interesting merely from its point of view. E. C. Clark, Brig.-Oen. George Rogers. Col. George Rogers Clark's sketch of his campaign in the Illinois in 1778-9; with an introd. by Henry Pirtle. Cin. : Clarke. 1869. $2 net. [1269 " A very original and striking Revolutionary char- acter is portrayed by himself. . . . The value of tbis cami)aign and of Col. Clark's services generally al'ing the Ohio, in extending the domain of the United Colo- nies, and afterwards of the United States, is probubly not exaggerated by Mr. I'irtle in his Introduction 10 the sketch. Clark's military capacity was certan 'v of a high order, and it is seldom one reads of a c 'h;- mander possessing such boldness, resource, and tacr. He understood perfectly, for military pur])oses, X\\*^ Indian nature, and how to exhibit at the right time courageous defiance and magnanimity. . . . M ■ j<>r Bowman's journal of the exiiediticm against Vin- cenues is appended to Col. Clark's letter, and irio 118 PERIOD OF DISCONTENT AND REVOLUTION, 1760-1783 1270-1277 notes of the editor of this vohime add very much to its readableness and historical completeness." Nation, 9: 11. " A little of the romance which belongs to all French colonial history hangs about Colonel Clark's uncon- scious page, and his sketch affords here and there a glimpse of the life of the habitatis in the old seven- teenth-century settlements of the French at Kaskas- kia, Cahokia and St. Vincent ; but for the most part it is a plain and summary account of the military operations, and depends for its chief interest upon the view it affords of the character of as brave and shrewd a soldier, and as bad a speller, as ever lived. . . . The account of his campaign is in the form of a letter to the Hon. George Mason, of Gunston Hall, "Virginia, and it is given with the most familiar frank- ness and with the greatest spirit. . . . The letter is now printed for the first time. We heartily commend it to all who love to taste history at its sources or who enjoy character." Atlantic mo7ithly, 24: 641. — English, William Hayden. Conquest of the country northwest of the River Ohio, 1778-83, and life of Gen. George Rogers Clark. Indianapolis : Bowen-Merrill Co. 1896. 2v. $6 net. [1270 " The conquest of the Northwest of 1778-83 is only another name for the life and times of Clark, who first finds his adequate biographer in the author of this great work. The materials were copious ; their richness was almost embarrassing ; and Mr. English has utdized them all to the utmost advantage. The result is a noble historical and biographical work of permanent value, which at once takes first rank. The story is told with precision and in great detail ; it abounds in contemporaneous documentary mate- rial of the highest value, and is enriched with a great many facsimiles of letters and autographs, besides portraits, views, maps, and other illustrations. . . . The appendix to this volume contains a great variety of interesting matter, including in full Clark's ac- count against the State of Virginia, and the strange history of the bill in chancery over his alleged will, filed May C, 1835, and not dismissed till November 20, 1865." E. Coues, in Nation, 62: 102. Clark, John, Jr. Letters to General Wash- ington written during the occupation of Phila- delphia by the British army. See Pennsylvania, Historical Society of, sect. 383. [1271 Coffin, Charles Carleton, Boys of '76. N.Y.: Harper, [c. 1876.] $2. [1272 One of a very popular juvenile historical series. It describes the events of the Revolution from the alarm after Lexington and Concord to the surrender of Corn- wallis. There is no discrimination between the tradi- tional and the authentic, but the stories are harmless. The stj'le is well adapted to young readers. The illus- trations are taken generally from Lossing's Field-book of the Revolution. E. E. S. Colden, Cadwallader. Papers. See New- York Historical Society, sect. 360. [1273 Condorcet, Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, marquis de. De I'lnfluence de la revolution de TAmerique sur I'Europe. (In (Euvres com- pletes, v. 11, pp. 237-395. Paris. 1847-49. 12v.) [1274 A philosophical prophecy, on the probable influence of the American Revolution on Europe. Written about 1785. This edition contains a supplement of events since 1784, including the work of the Federal convention, the Constitution (in French) and a disser- tation on the more important features of that great document. Interesting as a prophecy — among other enumerated advantages of the American Revolution is its effect on the preservation of peace in Europe. E. C. Conover, George S., ed. Journals of the military expedition of Major-General John Sul- livan against the Six Nations of Indians in 1779; with records of centennial celebrations. Auburn, N. Y. : Knapp. 1887. [1275 Prepared under direction of the New York Secre- tary of State, pursuant to a legislative statute of 1885. The volume contains the journals of twenty-six officers in Sullivan's expedition, with biographical notes by the editor ; the official reports of Sullivan ; and a ros- ter of the officers engaged. Closely associated with this expedition were Van Shaick's Onondaga cam- paign and Brodhead's Allegheny campaign, in which some of the journalists were concerned ; Brodhead's own final report is also given. Care appears to have been exercised by the editor in literally reproducing the journals, where those were obtainable in the origi- nal MSS. ; but the MSS. of several are missing, and earlier publications, obviously "improved" by their editors, have been reprinted. An account of the cen- tennial celebrations held in 1879 is also given. Numer- ous maps, plans and portraits embellish the volume, which may be accepted as an authoritative and ex- haustive treatment of an important event in early New York history ; incidentally, the journals are of value to the student of Indians and frontier life. R. G. T. Cooke, William D.,ed Revolutionary his- tory of North Carolina. Raleigh, N. C. : Cooke. N. Y. : Putnam. 1853. [1276 The introductory sketch describes the " War of the Regulation " (Regulators) in 1771 and connects it with the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence. The Declaration, the British invasion of 1770, of 1780 and of 1781, are treated in three lectures by different men. The result is a series of sketchr-s rather than connected history. There are several illustrations and a fac- simile of the Mecklenburg signatures. E. E. S. Cornwallis, Charles, 1st marquis. Answer to that part of the narrative of Lieut. -Gen. Sir Henry Clinton which relates to the conduct of Lieut. -Gen. Earl Cornwallis during the cam- paign in North-America, 1781. London: De- brett. 1788. Phil. : J. Campbell. 1866. [1277 Following a brief introduction in which the author defends the conduct of his campaign, he prints the correspondence between himself and Clinton from January, 1781, down to his surrender, relative to his 119 1278-1287 THE UNITED STATES Xorth Carolina campaign, his march into Virprinia, his operations therein, and his occupation and defense of Yorkto^\■n. The strength of his army on the first of each month from June to October is shown in detail by a table. F. J. S. Correspoudence ; ed. with notes by Charles Ross. London : Murray. 1859. 3v. [1278 Letters often printed in extract without any indica- tion of the fact that portions are omitted. Contains a few documents not to be found elsewhere. Editorial work poor and book uninteresting. E. C. Correspondence as to the relief of the suf- ferers by the Boston port bill. See Massachu- setts Historical Society, sect. 309. [1279 Cowell, Benjamin. Spirit of '76 in Rhode Island; or Sketches of the efforts of the gov- ernment and people in the war of the Revolu- tion. Boston. 1850. [1280 A collection of documents strung together by a brief narrative with traditions, reminiscences and bio- graphical notices. Api)endix A contains extracts from the Jonrnol of Major Simeon Thayer, who took part in the Canadian expedition and in other operations of the war. A useful but heterogeneous collection of material. The book has neither table of contents nor index. E. C. Cresap, Capt. Michael. Jacob, John J. Biographical sketch of the life of Capt. Michael Cresap. Cumberland, Md. 1826. With notes and appendix. Cin.: Dodge. 1860. [1281 " "With .slight claim to literary merit, and much in- accuracy as to dates, it contains some important docu- ments, and is an earnest vindication of Cresap's char- acter." "\V. F. Poole, Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 6: 712. — Mayer, BuAXTZ. Tah-gah-jute ; or Logan and Captain ]\Iichacl Cresap: discourse before Maryland Hist. Soc. [Baltimore. 1851.] Same. Albany: Munsell. 1867. [1282 This is a vindication of Capt. Michael Cresap from the charge made by Jefferson in his Notca on Virginia of massacring the Indian Logan's hunting party. The main evidence in behalf of Cresap consists of a letter wr'tten by George Rogers Clark in 1798, and Jef- ferson is incidentally accused of allowing his accusa- tion to stand after being shown its injustice. The genuineness of Logan's famous speech is discussed at length with somewhat damaging effect. V. J. S. Crevecoeur, J. Hector St. John de. Let- ters from an American farmer. London : Davies. 1782. Phil.: Carey. 1793. [1283 " Somewhat like a prose idyl is this record ; Hazlitt delighted in its naYve enthusiasm, and'comnicndcd it to Charles Lamb as well as in the Qxartrrly, as giving 'an idea how American scenery and manners maybe treated with a lively poetic interest.' . . . Hector St. John Crevecoeur was of noble birth, a native of Kor- mandy, born in 17.'U ; he was sent to England when but sixteen years old, which is the cause of his early and complete mastery of our language. In 1754 he came to New York, and settled on a farm in the adja- cent region. . . . His ' Letters of an American farmer ' were published in London in 1782. He translated them into his native tongue. They have a winsome flavor, and picture so delectably the independence, the resources, and the peace of an agricultural life, just before and after the Revolution, in the more settled states of America, that the reader of the present day cannot feel surprised that he beguiled many an emi- grant from the Old World to the banks of the Ohio and the Delaware." H. T. Tuckerman, America and her commentators, p. 89. Cruikshank, Lt.-Col. Ernest. Annals of Kiagara. Niagara Falls South, Ont. : Lundy's Lane Hist. Soc. 1893. 75c. [1284 The author, a Canadian military officer, is one of the most com])etent of the several local historians of the Niagara frontier ; perhaps the best of those dwelling upon the Canadian side. The monograph is written from original sources, and gives us api)arcntly the last word ui)on an interesting region and period in mid- western history — Niagara during the Revolutionary War. Colonel Cruikshank's literary style lacks polish, but is clear and vigorous. R. G. T. Curwen, Samuel. Journal and letters, 1775- 84. N. Y.: Francis. 1842. [1285 Essential for an appreciation of the hardships in- curred by those persons who chose the Loyalist (Tory) side in the American Revolution. Describes Cur- wen's flight from Salem, Massachusetts, to Philadel- phia, and thence to England, and his daily life with the other refugees there. The infonnation thus given can be obtained nowhere else. The 162 biographical sketches in the api>endix, largely of his fellow Loyal- ists, are inferior to those given in a good biographical dictionary. E. E. S. Gushing, Harry Alonzo. IIi.story of the transition from provincial to commonwealth government in ISIassachusetts. (Columbia Univ. studies in history, etc., v. 7, no. 1.) N. Y. : Macmillan. 1896. $2. [1286 A detailed and carefully written political history of Massachusetts from 1774 to 1780 — from the close of provincial government to the adoption of a state con- stitution. The end of provincial government, the ad- ministration of affairs by the i)rovincial congress, the resumption of the charter, the rejected constitution of 1778, and the adoption of the constitution of 1780, are the topics treated. The work is b.ised upon thor- ough study of primary authorities, and has attrac- tiveness of style. W. MacD. Dawson, Henry Barton. Sons of liberty in New York. N. Y. 1859. [1287 This is a paper which, in May, 1859, was read befor. the New York Historical Society. It contains a brie review of the development of government in th province of New Y'ork, showing how completely aut. 120 PERlOr DISCONTENT AND REVOLUTION, 1760-1783 1288-1298 cratic it was under successors. He out to the stamp duty, mainly from the cc of Liberty. Heclaii . and his immediate stance in New York that this proceeded e, organized as Sons , 1...1S was the only genuinely revolutionary element in the population, and that it had to contend not only with the crown ofticials, but against the self-interest and timidity of the aristo- cratic classes. The reader will find nothing in this monograph of special signiticance except the claim that Xew York led the way in organizing committees of correspondence. H. L. O. Westchester-Couuty, New York, during the American Revolution. Morrisania : Au- thor. 1886. [1288 This monograph was published separately and also as a part of Scharf's History of Westchester County. It is a study of the conditions out of which the Revo- lution develoi)ed in the southern part of the province of New York, and contains a somewhat detailed ac- count of the movement there, from the spring of 177-1 till the close of 1776. Its author was one of the best known, and certainly one of the best informed, local historians of the region, and his work is in eveiy respect a thorough, original study of the subject. His spirit and point of view are those of the moderate Loyalist ; Isaac W'ilkins is the leader of the times for whom he has the greatest respect. The great excellency of the book consists in the true picture which it presents of the contentment and political quietism of the farmers of Westchester County, and in the account which it gives of the process by which the county was revo- lutionized from without. The style is diffuse, labored and formal. Some extravagant views are expressed and implied. But, taken all in all, this, in my judg- ment, is the most suggestive book ever written con- cerning any phase of the American Rev(}lution, and reveals a method of treatment which is likely to be greatly utilized in the future. H. L. O. Deane, Charles. On Paul Revere's signal. See jNIassachusetts Historical Society, sect. 331. [1289 On the Massachusetts bill of rights. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 330. [1290 Deane, Silas. Correspondence of Silas Deane, delegate to the congress of Philadelphia, 1774-76. (In Connecticut Historical Society. Coll., V. 2. 1870.) [1291 Papers, 1774-90. (New- York Hist. Soc. Collections, Publication fund series, v. 19-23.) N. Y. 1887-91. 5v. [1292 The Correspondence is useful for the early history of the Revolution in Connecticut. The Papers is an invaluable collection of letters and documents to, from and about Deane, dating from 1774 to 1790, is ably edited and thoroughly indexed. It is indispen- sable as a source for the history of aid received from France in the Revolutionary War. Vol. 1 contains a succinct and favorable biographical notice of Deane by the editor, Mr. Charles Isliam. V. L. C. Denny, Maj. Ebenezer. Military journal, 1781 to 1795. See Pennsylvania, Historical Society of, sect. 376. [1293 Deux Fonts, Guillaume, comte de. My campaigns in America : a journal, 1780-81 ; tr. from the French MS. , with notes, by Sam- uel Abbott Green. Boston. : Wiggin. 1868. [1294 Deals mainly with the French at Newport and in the Yorktown campaign. The French text and the translation printed successively. An interesting view from the French standpoint. E. C. Dickinson, John. Writings ; ed. by Paul Leicester Ford. V. 1. (Hist. Soc. of Penn- sylvania. Memoirs, v. 14. 1895.) [1295 Forms vol. 2 of the Life and writings of Diekin- son, but vol. 1 of the Writings alone. Although not absolutely complete, it promises to be, when finished, the authoritative edition. Vol. 1 comes down to 1774, and includes, besides minor pieces, the Declaration of rights and Petition to the King of the Stamp Act Congress, the Letters of a farmer, and the Letters to the inhabitants of the British Colonies. The editor's notes are discriminating and valuable. W. MacD. — Stille, Charles Janewat. Life and times of John Dickinson, 1733-1808. Phil.: Lippincott. 1891. [1296 — Sa7ne. (Hist. Soc. of Pennsylvania. Me- moirs, V. 13. Phil. 1891.) A careful and thorough biography, by a competent scholar. The author naturally seeks to defend Dick- inson from the charge of insincerity and political apostasy freely brought against him during his life, and goes with detail into the pamphlet and newspa- per controversy of the time ; he does not, however, bring out with clearness the singular " moral hesi- tancy " which determined much of Dickinson's wa- vering conduct. W. MacD. Doddridge, Joseph. Notes on the settle- ment and Indian wars of the western parts of Virginia and Pennsylvania, 1763-83, with a view of the state of society, and manners of the first settlers of the western country. Wells- burgh, Va. 1824. Same, with a memoir of Doddridge by his daughter; ed. by Alfred Williams. Al- bany: Munsell. 1876. [1297 "Doddridge was reprinted, with some transposi- tions, in Kercheval's Hist, of the valley of Virginia." Karrative and critical hist, of Am., 5: 581. See, also, note on Wither's Chronicles of border ivarfare, sect. 1579. Doniol, Henri. Histoire de la participation de la France a I'etablissement des Etats-Unis d'Amerique. Paris : Imprimerie nationale ; Picard. 1886-1900. 5v. and supplt. 120fr. [1298 121 1299-1305 THE UNITED STATES A monumental work, being at once a diplomatic history and a collection of documents covering the events which led to the alliance between France and the United States in 1778, the cooperation of the two powers from that time till the close of the war, and the peace negotiations that followed. It has been prepared with great labor and scrupulous care. It is a thoroughly original work, a standard authority for all time to come. H. L. O. Drake, Francis Samuel, ed. Tea leaves: being a collection of letters and documents re- lating to the shipment of tea to the American colonies in 1773; with introd., notes, etc. Boston: Crane. 1884. [1299 The letters of the American consignees to the East India Company and accompanying documents form the most valuable portion of the book. The introduc- tion running to 180 pages contains all the traditions and stories:, including biographical notices, of those who are supposed to have taken part in the destruc- tion of the tea. This part of the book is interesting but it is highly uncritical. E. C. Drake, Samuel Adams. Burgoyne's inva- sion of 1777, with an outline sketch of the American invasion of Canada, 1775-76. (De- cisive events in American history.) Boston: Lee. 1889. 50c. [1300 A useful little book, compiled with intelligence and skill, on the basis of recent knowledge, and marked by judgment and fairness, and a good English style. It has an index, and a portrait, and one other illustra- tion, but its most conspicuous merit lies in its lucid tracing of the military movements, enforced by about a dozen outline maps. Primarily for young readers, but interesting to the general reader, of any age. W. E. F. Campaign of Trenton, 1776-77. (De- cisive events in American history.) Boston: Lee. 1895. 50c. [1301 Like the same author's account of the Burgoyne cami)aign, this is a book which has young readers chiefly in mind. It is intelligently compiled from trustworthy sources, and shows an effort to be accu- rate and fair in its statements. The story is told in a lucid manner, and is supplemented by four maps. There is a good index. W. E. F. cd. Bunker Hill : the story told in letters from the battlefield by British officers engaged; with introd. and sketch of the battle. Boston: Nichols. 18T5. [1302 These 11 British narratives are preceded by jMr. Drake's brief introduction, in which Prescott is cited as the American commander, rather than Putnam. Mr. Drake belongs to a family of antiquaries, and his work is here marked by wide knowledge, fair temper, critical judgment, cautious method, and a direct style, yet the book is, on the whole, for the special student, rather than the general reader. There is no index. W. E. F. Draper, Lyman Copeland. King's Moun- tain and its heroes. Ciu. ; Peter G. Thomson. 1881. [1303 Dr. Draper's work covers operations in the south- em states from the fall of Charleston, in May, 1780 ; presents sketches of the leaders, and reprints extracts from original sources, including the Campbell-Shelby controversy. It is based on traditional accounts, gathered from the descendants and connections of participants, and on many contemporary narratives and reports gathered by Dr. Draper during a long life, devoted, with infinite industrj', to this subject. The work covers the whole subject minutely, and goes into great, almost oppressive, detail. It is a mine of information on that period, and gives vigorous sketches of the frontiersmen by whom the battle was won and a vivid account of the battle itself. While minor errors, arising from too much dependence on tradition, have been discovered, as an authority it has no rival in its field. S. B. W. Drayton, John. Memoirs of the American Revolution from its commencement to 1776 inclusive ; as relating to the state of South Carolina. Charleston. 1821. 2v. [1304 A concise description of the rise and progress of the American Revolution in South Carolina and neighbor- ing states to the year mentioned. The material was gathered largely from the memoirs and papers of Chief Justice William Henry Drayton, a contempo- rary. The first volume gives the early political events and the second the early military movements in the South, especially the expedition against the Chero- kees and the defence of Fort Moultrie. E. E. S. Durand, John, ed. New materials for the history of the American Revolution ; tr. from documents in the French archives. N. Y. : Holt. 1889. $1.75. [130S This cannot rival, but may be used as supplementary to Doniol's monumental work (sect. 1208), since it trans- lates in part many documents there published and adds others. As a reference book its value is seriously im- paired by failure to cite the exact location of the docu- ments used. There seems to be no reason, however, to entertain C. H. Lee's insinuatihic con- ception of man and life. As a writer for children Mr. Fiske is no less happy than as a writer for strong men. His language is simi^le and cheerj' ; his illustra- tions from boyish sports and occupations; his whole manner so breezy and sym])athetic that a bright boy or girl is sure to be captivated. J. K. H. Fitch, Jabez. Journal [of the siege of Bos- ton], Aug. -Dec. 1775. See Massachusetts His- torical Society, sect. 346. [131? Ford, Paul Leicester. Some materials for a bibiiograpliy of tlie oflicial publications of the Continental Congress, 1774-89. (In Bos- ton Public Library Bulletins. 1887-93. v. 8, pp. 320-323 ; v. 9, pp. 299-304, 487-91 ; v. 10, pp. 87-92, 156-66.) [1318 Mr. Ford states that the arrangement is strictly chronological, under the date of the introduction by the committee, or the adoption by the Congress. Those without date and collected jtublications are placed at the end of the year to which they belong. Ford, Worthington Chauncey, ed. Prison- ers of war (British and American), 1778. See Historical Printing Club, sect. 273. [1319 Foster, William Eaton. Treaty of peace. (In Providence Public Library. Monthly refer- ence lists, V. 3, no. 9, Sept., 1883, pp. 30-31.) [1320 A brief bibliography of the Treaty of Paris, 1783. Fox, Charles James. Memorials and cor- respondence ; ed. by Lord John Kussell. Lon- don : Bentley. 1853-7. 4v. [132 1 Compiled in succession by Lord Holland, Mr. Allen, and Lord John Russell — the whole being edited by the last named. Not a biography, but a collection of letters and anecdotes interspersed with comments of the three editors — each person's contribution being indicated. Extends from 17G3 to 17'.t2. A valuable and stimulating work although largely sujierseded by more formal collections and biographies. E. C. Franklin, Benjamin, Complete works ; ed. by John Bigelow. N. Y. : Putnam. 1887-9. lOv. [1322 This latest, and, unfortunately, limited edition, supersedes all previous ones, not only because of its substitution of a chronological for a classical arrange- ment, but because, so far as ])ossible, it gives the texts as Franklin wrote them, without the editorial sup- pressions, changes, and "improvements" made by "William Temple Franklin and Jared Sjiarks in their editions. In addition, it includes some six hundred pieces not previously included in Franklin's Works, drawn for the most part from the Stevens' Franklin collection in the Department of State. It does not, however, include much that Franklin wrote, notably the Dogood letters. Poor JlirharcVs almanac and the Historical review, and in this sense an edition of Franklin's writings is stUl a desideratum. P. L. F. Life, written by himself; now first ed., from original IVISS. and from his printed cor- respondence, by John Bigelow. 4th ed., rev. and cor. Phil.: Llppincott. 1888. 3v. S4.50. [1322 a It is to 'Mr. l?igelow, a descendant of Franklin, that we owe the recovery of the original manuscript of Franklin's autobiograiihy, and the first printing of it, so as to correct some twelve hundred errors and alter- ations made in previous editions. To this correct version, which ends with the year 17.57, and which fills little more than a half of the first volume, the editor has appended a selection of Franklin's letters and other pieces, so as to continue the narrative to the end of his life, in a partially aut()l)iograi)hical manner, with notes and comments to aid the reader ; but the result more closely a) )i)roxi mates to a selected and abridged collection of Franklin's writings than it does to a biography, such as the title leatls one to expect. P. L. F. 124 PERIOD OF DISCONTENT AND REVOLUTION, 1760-1783 1323-1331 Autobiography. (Riverside school li- brary.) Boston : Houghton. 1896. 15c. [1323 A reprint of the Bigelow text, omitting the prefaces which separate the several parts of the work, and also one 01 two brief passages " not adapted to school nse," and with inserted " chapter headings at natural breaks in the narrative," making this edition untrustworthy for use by any one but the popular reader. A few pages at the end complete the life of Franklin from the point where the autobiography ends. P. L. F. — Brooks, Elbuidge Stueeter. True story of Benjamin Franklin. (Children's lives of great men, no. 5.) Boston : Lothrop. [c. 1898.] $1.50. [1324 " So familiar and conversational a style as his seems unnecessary even for very little children. Yet the story of Franklin cannot be told too early or too often, and this gossipy biography, with its many good pictui'es, may serve to introduce the man and his achievements to some children who would be bored by a more connected and rational account." Dial (Chicago), 25:405. — Fisher, Sydney George. The true Benjamin Franklin. Phil. : Lippincott. 1899. $3. [1325 Usefui, but overdone, and gives a false and rather mean impression, by accenting the faults and giving the benefit of the doubt in favor of the unfavorable. E. C. R. — Ford, Paul Leicester, comp. Biblio- graphy of Franklin. See Historical Printing Club, sect. 372. [1326 — Ford, Paul Leicester. The many- sided Franklin. N. Y. : Century Co. 18^. §3. [1327 "Mr. Ford applies to our great diplomatist, politi- cian, agitator, wit, moralist, inventor, and natural philosopher that same method of characterism be lately applied so successfully to Washington. .. . That is to say, he considers Franklin successively under all possible aspects in as many separate chapters." The merits of this method " are no less striking for artistic than for scientific purposes. It enables one to gain an intimate acijuaintance with a great man that no chronological narrative of the events of his life could possibly confer. . . . The work, considered as convey- ing information and regardless of picturesqueness, is more a conveniently arranged assortment of facts to serve as a basis for- a thorough study of Franklin, than an essay towards a clear and unitary conception of his mental constitution. . . . The volume contains portraits, . . . facsimiles, and other valuable illustra- tions. . . . The index is copious." Nation, Q^: 355. — Hale, Edward Everett and Edward E., Jr. Franklin in France ; from original documents, most of which are now published for the first time. Boston: Roberts. 1887-8. 2v. Little. 2v. §6. [1328 In 1882 the United States government acquired from Mr. Heni-y Stevens of London a large mass of hitherto unprinted documents written by or relating to Ben- jamin Franklin, which had been bequeathed by Frank- lin to his son, AVm. Temple Franklin. From these papers Mr. Hale, assisted by his son, has compiled an account of Franklin's life in France during the nine years of his residence there (177G-85). The work has been done in a thoroughly impartial and scholarly manner, but has led to no revision of i>ast judg- ments regarding Franklin's career in France, except in some minor matters/of detail. The first volume closes with 1781 ; the second, which contains tour valuable appendices, wiflh 1785. C. M. A. — MacMaster, John Bach. Benjamin Franklin as a man of letters. (American men of letters.) Boston : Houghton. 1887. $1.25. [1329 "Written from the historical standpoint rather than the critical, in the author's brilliant allusive style. As Franklin wrote but little that may be called literature, the main subject is necessarily sometimes obscured by the interesting but secondary details. Sources have been consulted and many of the most important documents are quoted or alluded to. The closing chapter is a well-written account of the strange his- toiy of the Franklin MSS., ending with a judicious critical estimate. The only bibliography offered is merged into the index. V. L. C. — Morse, John Torrey, Jr. Benjamin Franklin. (American statesmen.) Boston: Houghton. 1889. $1.25. [1330 The author in effect confesses in his preface that he believes that Parton's Life " has left no place in Eng- lish literature for another biography of this most illus- trious of our countrymen," and that his own book is really written because the " ' American statesmen se- ries ' without a life of Franklin . . . would have ap- peared as absurdly imperfect as a library of English fiction with Scott and Thackeray absent from the shelves." The Life does not pretend to be based on any original research (although the author uses Bige- low's edition of Franklin's Writbujs), being merely a well-told, popular account, not too careful as to exact- ness of fact, and without citation of authorities. Like all Mr. Morse's work, however, it is admirably written and most readable, and unquestionably ranks high among the minor biographies of Franklin. P. L. F. — Parton, James. Life and times of Ben- jamin Franklin. N. Y. : ]\Iasou. 18G4. 2v. Boston: Houghton. 2v. $5. [1331 In this, as in his other books, Mr. Parton stands midway between the old-fashioned panegyrist of the Abbott type and the modern " critical " biographer. Much minute investigation is shown, and the result is entertainingly and graphically told. A lack of " authorities " and over-tendency to picturesque state- ment constitute the great faults of the book. Written before the recovery of the Stevens' Franklin collec- tion, while access to the Franklin papers in the American Philosophical Society collection was impos- sible, and before the publication of Doniol's Parfici- pation, Stevens' Facsimilcf!, the Rejiorts of the British Historical Manuscripts Commission, and of Bigelow's 125 1332-1340 THE UNITED STATES edition of Franklin's works, it is now thoroughly out of date, though still the longest and best balanced account of the great printer-diplomatist. P. L. F. — Robins, Edwakd. Benjamin Franklin, printer, statesman, philosopher, and practical citizen. (American men of energy.) N. Y. : Putnam. 1898. $1.50. [1332 " The familiar storj- is told in an intimate and warm manner, with use of the phra.seology and even slang of to-day. . . . The later pages are better done, for in them Mr. Robins invades no field held by the immor- tals of literature. Once free of his obligations to the Autohiof/niphij, he tells vividly of Franklin's services in England, France, and of the honors of the closing years. ... In a book ostensibly addressed to younger minds errors of fact and speech become sei'ious. . . . Something more of accuracy and less familiarity of style are commended, in a fair spirit, to JMr. llobins." A'at ion, 67: 136. Friedenwald, Herbert, Journal and papers of the Continental Congress. See American Historical Association, sect. 248. [i333 Frothingham, Richard. History of the siege of Boston, and of the battles of Lexing- ton, Concord and Bunker Hill. Bo.ston : Little. 1849. 4th ed. Boston: Little. 1873. $3.50. [1334 Author a Charlestown antiquary. Work based on thorough study of materials accessible at the time. "Well illustrated with plans. Well written though often dry. Somewhat laudatory and not always sound from a military point of view. The standard work on the subject. E. C. George III., kinr/ of Enr/land. Correspond- ence with Lord North, 1768-83 ; ed. by W. Bodham Donne. London : Murray. 1867. 2v. [1335 These brief letters reveal the character and policy of George III, besides giving much information on the struggle between the King and Parliament, and on the American Revolution. The editor, Mr. Donne, has performed his task with extreme thoroughness, prefacing the collection with a valuable historical es- say on the state of parties, and adding to the letters equally valuable explanatory notes. R. C. H. C. Gibbes, Robert Wilson, cd. Documentary history of tlie American Eevolution, chiefly in South Carolina. N. Y. : Appleton. 1853-7. 3v. [1336 The most valuable collection of documents in these volumes is the " Horry papers " which relate to M.a- rion's career. Alost of the otlier papers are of purely local interest, and the collection is less important tlian its title indicates. E. ('. Gilmore, James Roberts. The rear-guard of the Kevolution. N. Y. : Appleton. 1886. $1.50. John Sevier as a commonwealth-builder. N. Y. : Appleton. 1887. $1.50. The advance-guard of westem civiliza- tion. N. Y. : Appleton. 1888. $1.50. [1337 These three books are intended to form a continuous narrative of the settlement and growth of ea.-;tern and middle Tennessee up to the admission of the state into the Union. The central figures on the historical can- vas are Sevier, Shelby and Robertson. These men are drawn in heroic proportions, and the author asserts in the prefaice to the Advance ijnanl that " the tliree books will bear the closest scrutiny." Their historical value may be characterized in the words of Mr. Roose- velt, when he says (Winning of the West, III, 202): " In my first two volumes I have discussed once for all the worth of Gilmore 's 'histories' of Sevier and Robertson and their times. It is unnecessary further to consider a single statement they contain." This estimate is borne out by the experience of the present writer, whose examinations of the sources show that nothing which crosses the pathway of Gilmore's he- roes escapes a false presentation at his hands, even if sources have to be mutilated to that end. S. B. W. Girty family. Butterfield, Consul Will- shire. History of the Girtys ; a concise ac- count of the Girty brothers, also of the part taken by them in Lord Dunmore's war, in the western border war of the Revolution, and in the Indian war of 1790-95; Avith a recital of the principal events in the West during these wars. Cin. : Clarke. 1890. $3.50. [1338 Gathers from many obscure sources the thread of Simon Girty's renegade life, and the scarcely more reputable careers of others of the family, whose ser- vices, in aid of Indians and of British, made the name of "Girty" a terror along the western borders of Pennsylvania and Virginia. The author undertakes not merely to record the facts, but to show the falsity of a vast amount that has been publislied about the G irtys, some of it in works held in good repute. He finds Roosevelt's Winning of the West particularly open to assault. The work testifies to painstaking research, and a desire to do justice to a misunderstood character, bad enough at best. Around this unheroic hero the events of a tragically romantic period are woven into a chronicle of border warfare, so crowded with incident that the tale speeds best in plain phrases. F. H. S. Gist, Christopher. Journal, 1783. S"c Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 301. [1339 Goodloe, Daniel Reaves. Birth of the republic. Chicago: Bolford. [c. 18S!).| 1 1340 There are many extracts in this work from the standard state histories, from proceedings of the con- tinental and i)rovinci.nl congresses, and from the con- ventions, assemblies and committees of safety in all the colonics through which the gradual growth of the spirit of liberty is traced, up to the Declaration of Independence. In addition to the above, the states are taken sejiarately, and the most important docu- ments of the jieriod in each are given in brief. A few of the well-known later documents are added, includ- 126 PERIOD OF DISCONTENT AND REVOLUTION, 1760-1783 1341-1350 ing the articles of confederation and the constitution. The sources from which these extracts are taken are not indicated, but they are well known and the tran- scripts are fairly accurate ; the book will well serve as a handy manual for students who wish nmch of the sources in convenient compass. S. B. W. Gordon, William, History of the rise, pro- gress and establishment of the independence of the United States of America. London. 1788. 4v. 3d Am. ed. N. Y. : Campbell. 1801. 3v. [1341 Gordon was a dissenting minister in England, who like many of his class sympathized with the conten- tion of the Thirteen Colonies. Going to America dur- ing the disturbances, and becoming pastor of the church at Jamaica Plain, now a district of Boston, he was throughout the Revolution a spectator close at hand of many important events, and the associate of many of the chief patriots. Returning to England he published his history, which has been held to be a source of value for more than a hundred years, but has been recently shown to be a plagiarism, in great part from the Annual register. J. K. H. Graham, William A. Address on the Meck- lenburg Declaration of Independence of the 20th of May, 1775. N. Y. : Hale. 1875. [1342 For this address, given preparatory to the centen- nial celebration, the author made a thorough investi- gation, and has presented the best claim yet made for the authenticity of the declaration and the date he champions. Much of the material was gathered from the descendants of the participants. A number of pertinent papers are added. This pamphlet is rare and worthy of reprinting. E. E. S. Graydon, Alexander. Memoirs of a life chiefly passed in Pennsylvania within the last sixty years. Harrisburg. 1811. Memoirs of his own time ; ed. by John Stockwell Littell. Phil. : Lindsay. 1846. [1343 Revolutionary period in Philadelphia and in New York, where the author was a prisoner. Extremely interesting, gossipy ftiemoir full of culture historical niaterial. One of the earliest, best known and most used sources for the period, and places. E. C. R. Greene, George Washington. The Ger- man element in the war of American independ- ence. N. Y. :Hurd. 1876. [1344 The author disclaims in this book any original con- tributions to history. Its three popularly written chapters are based on Kapp's three volumes (1858, 1862, and 18C4), relating respectively to Steuben, Kalb and the German mercenaries ; and in the last named portion it needs to be supplemented by the later contributions of Max von Eelking, W. L. Stone and others. Mr. Greene's volume is not conspicuously impartial or judicial, but is a popularly written and readable narrative. It has no index. W. E. F. Historical view of the American Revo- lution. Boston: Houghton. 1865. $1.50. [1345 Especially welcome as being a one-volume account of the struggle. The sequence of chapters does not follow the successive periods of the war, but treats of it in its various phases (as finances, diplomacy, litera- ture, etc.). The book is based on extensive know- ledge, excellent judgment, admirable temper, and a historical method which is usually cautious. These chapters were first written for delivei-y as lectures, and consequently the style is unusually attractive to the general reader. W. E. F. Greene, Maj.-Oen. Nathanael. Gkeene, Maj.-Gen. Francis VrNTON. General Nathan- ael Greene. (Great commanders.) N. Y. : Appleton. 1893. $1.50. [1346 Based on a careful study of the printed sources. Author a practical soldier as well as a militaiy critic. The book is more moderate in tone than other lives of Greene. It is well supplied with clear and good maps and plans. E. C. — Greene, George Washington. Life of Nathanael Greene. N. Y.: Putnam. 1867-71. 3v. Boston: Houghton. 3v. §7.50. [1347 Author grandson of the subject of the memoir. Tho volumes are extremely valuable on account of the documents contained in them which ar^here brought together for the first time. Work written in an un- critical spirit and greatly affected by the undisguised ancestor worship of the author. E. C. — Johnson, William. Sketches of the life and correspondence of Nathanael Greene. Charleston. 1833. 3v. [1348 Based on original materials and valuable for the documents given with the text. It contains many good plans. Written in a spirit of fulsome flattery. E. C. Granville, Richard and George. Smith, William James, ed. The Grenville papers: being the correspondence of Richard Grenville, Earl Temple, and the Right Hon. George Grenville, their friends and contemporaries. London : Murray. 1853-3. 4v. [i349 The papers are arranged chronologically. Vols. 2 and 3 cover the years 17C2-66. The collection continues to the year 1777; but the chief interest is in the years 1764, 1765. Indispensable to students of the stamp act episode. E. C. Haas, Wills de. History of the early set- tlement and Indian wars of western Virginia. Wheeling: Hoblitzell. 1851. [1350 "Wills de Haas . . . has devoted one chapter to 'Land companies,' and another to the 'Employment of Indians as allies.' His treatment of these topics is brief, but the chapters contain much more infor- mation on the subjects than can generally be obtained from American histories." A. McF. Davis, in Narra- tive and critical hist, of Am., 6: G40. 127 1351-1359 THE UNITED STATES See, also, note to TTither's Chronicles of border warfare, sect. 1579. Hadden, Maj.-Oen. James Murray, Jour- nal kept in Canada and upon Burgoyue's cam- paign ; [ed. by] Horatio liogers. Albany : Munsell. 1884. [1351 Hadden's Journal and Orderly books which are here printed together form one of the most important pieces of evidence of Uurgoyne's expedition. Ad- mirably edited by General Rogers. E. C. Hale, Edward Everett, Naval history of the Revolution. See American Antiquarian Society, sect. 237. [1352 One hundred years ago : how the war began. A series of sketches from original au- thorities. Boston : Lockwood. 1875. [1353 This pamphlet is made up of extracts from news- papers, speeches, petitions and contemporary pam- phlets, connected by a running explanatorj' commen- tan,' ; and its object is " to bring before the reader such original descriptions of the eventful days of one hundred years ago as have not been often reprinted." The extracts are for the most part interesting and valuable and the commentary is entertaining and gossipy ; but, taken as a whole, the collection adds little to historical knowledge. C. M. A. Hale, John Peter. Trans- Allegheny pio- neers : historical sketches of the first white settlements west of the Alleghenies, 1748 and after. Cin. : Cox. [c. 1886.] [1354 Mr. Hale may be commended for some diligence and much enthusiasm in preparing his volume. His com- pilation may be accepted as a general picture of the first pioneer life west of the Alleghenies, but is often inaccurate in details. He patronizes the old stories about enrly western explorations made by Virginians, and finds the first over the mountain settlement in Draper's Meadows on New River, 1748. B. A. H. Hale, C(i]it. Nathan, STr.\RT, Is.\AC Wil- Li.vM. Life of Captain Nathan Hale. Hartford. 1856. [1355 This short life of Xathan Hale, wTitten for popular use, is of little value. Its chief defects are fulsome flattery of the subject of the biography, a rhetorical style that is wearisome and monotonous, and a wholly uncritical treatment of the many tales that have gath- ered about the name of Nathan Hale. It has been en- tirely superseded. C. M. A. Hamilton, Stanislaus Murray, ed. Letters to Washington, and accompanying papers ; published by the Society of the Colonial Dames of America. Boston: Houghton. 1898-. V. 1-f. S5 ea. net. [1356 " Tlie Society of The Colonial Dames of America has issued the first volume of the Letters to Wosliinrilon, and proposes to continue the series until the period of the Revolution is reached. It is to be hojjcd that no such limit will be maintained. Nothing that the society can do will better justify its existence, or prove more grateful to all interested in .Vmerican historj-, than to publish the entire series of letters to AVashington, now in the DcpartUK'nt of State. The field is exceedingly rich, practically untouched, and is essential to a proper understanding of the man and of his time. We would go further, and collect all letters to Washington to be found in other collec- tions. . . . The manner in which the volume has been edited by Mr. S. M. Hamilton calls for some comment, if only to serve as a note of warning. ... He gives the impression of being a careful and most minute editor, even seeking to reproduce in type the little oddities of writing encountered. . . . The curiously close following of pen-points would lead one to expect that at least the words were correctly printed — as written ; but this expectation is disappointed so often that serious doubt must ai)ply to the entire text as printed. . . . The contents of the letters speak for themselves, and are full of touches of a personal and historical character. But the full value of these papers cannot be developed unless the editing is im- proved." Worthington Chauncey Ford, Am. hist, rev., 4: 729. Hancock, John, Brown, Abu.\m English. John Hancock, his book. Boston : Lee. 1898. S2. ^ [1357 " Mr. Abram English Brown, an enthusiastic anti- quary and genealogist, has given in .John Hancock, his book a liberal selection from Hancock's commer- cial correspondence, as taken from his letter-book, the letters being strung together by the compiler on a slender thread of explanatoi-j' and biograi)hical nar- rative. Mr. Brown does not pretend to call his Viook a life of Hancock, but merely a contribution to such a work." I>ial, 26: 24. Heath, William, Memoirs, contiiiniug anec- dotes, details of skirmishes, battles and other military events during the American war ; by himself. Pub. by act of Congress. Boston. 1798. [1358 From the organization of the Massachusetts provin- cial troops in April, 177.5, to December, 1783. Valuable for accounts of the retreat of the British from Lexing- ton, battle of Bunker Hill, and the later engagements about New York. Also concerns the prisoners after Burgoyne's surrender and the cooperation with the French forces. This book is now out of print and very valuable. E. E. S. Heitman, Francis B. Historical register of officers of the continental army during the war of the Eevolution, 1775-1783. Wash.: Lowdermilk. 1893. 85. [^359 Compiled from muster rolls and other records on file in the departments at Washington, gives date of rank in each grade, mentions all cases in which hon', and the history is ^eritten in a pleasant, gossipy st>-le. S- »• W. Hutchinson, Thomas. Hosmer, James Kendall. Life of Thomas Hutchinson, Royal Governor of the province of ISIassachusctts Bay. Boston: Houghton. 1896. $4. [1371 The new material which appears in this volume con- sists chielly of extracts from Hutchinson's unpublished correspondence, which is preserved in the Massachu- setts archives. The value of the book is further en- hanced by the frank recognition on the part of the author of the large element of truth and justice which lay at the basis of the loyalist argument. The fact that the s\-mpathetic biographer of Sanmel Adams can do such ample justice to his chief opponent as is done in this volume proves the broad-mindedness of the writer, and indicates the extent to which the old- fashioned provincial views of early American history are being al)andoned. H. L. O. Iredell, James. jMcRee, Griffith John, ed. Life and correspondence of James Iredell. N. Y. : Appleton. 1857-58. 2v. [1372 Judge Iredell's life is told in his own letters and in those of his contemporaries, including most of the men who were prominent in North Carolina during the Revolutionarj- ijeriod. As he was in public life con- stantly from about 1775, the correspondence becomes fuller from that time and makes one of the few original sources we have for the social, political and intellec- tual life of the state, 1775-1800. Judge Iredell was a Federalist, but it is through his pages that we get most of our knowledge of his opponents who have left few memorials of their own. Many of his letters were written in the press of business, but they have an ele- gance and vivacity not always found in similar pro- ductions. S. B. W. Jay, John. (See in next following period.) Jefferson, Thomas. Writings: collected and ed. by Paul Leicester Ford. N. Y. : Put- nam. 1892-9. lOv. SoO. [1373 Tlie final and complete edition of .Jefferson's Works. The arrangement is chronological, with the exception of Jefferson's AiUohior/raphy and the Arias, which are in the first volume. Each volume contains an itineran,- and chronology. The editor has consulted new material in the French Foreign Office, the State archives, collections of historical societies, and the private papers of Washington, Adams, Madison, Mon- roe, Steuben and Gates. An introduction treating of Jefferson's work, his ideas, his character and his writ- ings, is marked by acute critical sense, and much thought and study. Critical and explanatory foot- notes are given throughout. This edition of Jefferson is indispensable to the future historian of the period. The mechanical details of the volumes are artistic and pleasing. R. C. H. C. Notes on the state of Virginia. Paris. 1782. Same. (In "Writings; col. and ed. by Paul Leicester Ford. v. 3.) [i374 A comprehensive and very valuable description of the natural history, economic resources, and social condition of Virginia drawn up in the form of answers to queries presented by Barbe dc ^larbois, secretary of the French legation. Chiefly interesting to the student of history as an illustration of the range and versatility of Jefferson's intellectual interests. The answer to the 18th eky. Thomas Paine. (Beacon biographies.) Boston: Small. 1899. 75c. [145s " The writer brings to his task a more judicious tem- per than that manifested by any of Paine's better- known biographers heretofore. ' It is difficult,' he says, ' to write of Paine without enthusiasm,' and fortunately he does not succeed in doing so ; but he gives us no rhapsodies. Neither have we any of those impossible theories and explanations which disfigured the elaborate apology for Paine to which Mr. M. D. Conway devoted so much patient zeal. . . . The rapid movement necessitated by Mr. Sedgwick's restricted space heightens the interest of his narrative." Na- tion, 70: 185. Papers relating to the Boston Tea-Party. Sec Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 330. [1456 Paterson, Maj. - Gen. John, Egleston, Thoxi.vs. Life of John Paterson ; by his great-grandson. N. Y.: Putnam. 1894. 2d ed., rev. and enl. 1898. §3.50. [1457 Of the new edition the Nation said: " A large part of the new matter is derived from the correspondence of (lenerals Heath and Knox, and is of good quality. . . . Prof. Egleston has been very industrious in search- ing for mention of Gen. Paterson in orderly books, diaries and newsi)ai)ers ; and this enables him to re- cord much that is too trivial to find a place in a fonnal history, yet possessed of enough personal interest not to be entirely i)assed over. The value of the work has thus been greatly increased, and cannot be neglected by any historian of the Revolution." Pattison, James. Letters, 1779 and 1780. See New -York Historical Society, sect. 359. [1458 Pausch, CnjH. Georg. Journal during the Burgoyne campaign [1776-7] ; tr. and anno- tated by Wm. L. Stone ; introd. by Edward J. Lowell. (Munsell's hist, series, uo. 14.) Al- bany. 1886. $2. [1459 Since the author of the original journal, in German, was a Hessian officer in Burgoyne's army, his infor- mation is at first hand. Mr. Stone's translation into English is supplied with intelligent and helpful notes, and an index. For the special student, rather than the general reader. W. E. F. Pitkin, Timothy. Political and civil his- tory of the United States. New Haven : Howe. 1828. 2v. [1460 These volumes cover the i)eriod from 1763 to 1797, and are devoted to the i)olitical events of the time. Pitkin was an industrious, careful scholar who wrote from original sources. His work is marked by accu- racy, judicial tenq)er, excellent judgment and ex- haustive research ; is still useful, though largely sujierseded by later histories built upon material then inaccessible. The style is dry and uninterest- ing. Valuable appendices are found in both volumes, including among other dociunents, the New England Articles of Confederation, 101.3 ; the Plan of Union, 1754 ; the Stamp Act ; the Declaration of Right by the Stamp Act Congress ; the Circular Letter of the Mas- sachusetts House of Representatives, 17G8 ; Address to the People of Great Britain by Congress, 1774 ; the Last Ajipeal to the King, 1775, and a letter to the Pre- sident of Congress by the British Commissioners, June 10, 1778. R. C. H. C. 138 PERIOD OF DISCONTENT AND REVOLUTION, 17G0-1783 14G1-1470 Pontgibaud, Charles Albert de More, clie- valier de. A French volunteer of the war of independence ; tr. and ed. by Robert B. Doug- las. N. Y.: Appleton. 1898. $1.50. [1461 An exceedingly bright and interesting little book of reminiscence. American ex).)urience begins in 1778. Not much light on the military history of the Revo- lution, but gossip concerning Lafayette, Talleyrand, Washington, the French emigres, and Philadelphia after the close of the war. E. E. S. Price, Ezekiel. Diary [siege of Boston]. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 325. [1462 Price, Richard. Observations on the im- portance of the American Revolution. Lon- don: Cadell. 1784. Boston. 1784. [1463 Price -was ardently interested in the welfare of the British colonies and repeatedly expressed his confi- dence in their future after they achieved independ- ence. This essay is dedicated to the people of the United States as a testimony of good will. It briefly considers the measures necessary to promote human improvement and happiness in the United States throvigh the perpetuation of peace, liberty of con- science, and education. The essay is not long. The style is stilted, and at the jiresent time the work has but little interest save for the special student. D. R. D. Observations on the nature of civil lib- erty, the principles of government, and the justice and policy of the vpar with America. London: Cadell. 1776. [1464 A celebrated tract by a somewhat famous philoso- pher and economist against the justice and policy of the British government's course toward the colonies. It is said that the encouragement it gave had no in- considerable share in bringing about the Declaration of Independence, and it gained for its author great repute. There is an appendix on the state of the British national debt and the income and expendi- tures of the government since the French war. F. J. S. Putnam, Maj.-Oen. Israel. Humphreys, Col. David. Essay on the life of the Honor- able Major-General Israel Putnam: addressed to the State Society of the Cincinnati in Con- necticut. Hartford. 1788. Enl. ed. Boston : Avery. 1818. [1465 This address, by a former officer on Putnam's staff, was delivered during Putnam's lifetime to a society, many of whose members had served under Putnam in the war of the Revolution. It is, therefore, inevitably more or less of an eulogy. But it is interesting and so proved to the readers of that time ; it is also accu- rate and corrects many errors of Peters and others. It is full of anecdotes about Putnam, and its style, though somewhat poetic and rhetorical, is pleasing. C. M. A. — Tarbox, Increase Niles. Life of Israel Putnam ("Old Put"). Boston: Lockwood. 1876. Lothrop. [1884.] $1. [1466 This is an honest attempt to write an authoritative life of Putnam by a biographer of the old school. The work is, however, not so iimch a life of Putnam as an elaborate discussion of Putnam's connection with the battle of Bunker Hill. Two hundred out of 331 pages deal with the history of but two months of Putnam's career. Dr. Tarbox is a special pleader, though, apart from his defence of Putnam's leadership at Bunker Hill, he does not appear to be actuated by undue ad- miration. The work does not display any exceptional critical ability, and the style is di-y and hard. It is, however, probably the best source of information regarding Putnam, for Dr. Tarbox has used good mate- rial unknown to either Humphreys or Sparks. , C. M. A. Quincy, Josiah. 1744--75. Quincy, Jo- siAH. 1772-ISG4.. Memoir of the life of Josiah Quincy, Jr., of Massachusetts Bay, 1744-75. Boston: Cummings. 1825. 2d ed. Boston: Wilson. 1874. [1467 Invaluable observations on life of the colonists re- corded during a journey through the Atlantic coast cities in 1773, and a journal kept whilst the author was in England in the service of the rebellious colo- nies. It contains reminiscences of Franklin and of English statesmen. Letters written to Quincy show the progress of the revolution in the different colo- nies. The volume also contains extracts from his de- fence of Captain Preston (Boston massacre) and from his political writings. E. E. S. Rainsford, Charles. Journal as commissary of the British army. See New-York Historical Society, sect. 361. [1468 Ramsay, David. History of the American Revolution. Phil. : Aitken. 1789. Trenton: Wilson. 1811. 2v. [1469 David Ramsay, bom in Pennsylvania, educated in Princeton, N. J., where he became son-in-law of the Wbig Witherspoon, President of the College, settled as a physician in Charleston, S. C. At the outbreak of the Revolution he took service as a surgeon, but was more marked as a legislator than in professional work. He served in the Continental Congress, and was long President of the So. Carolina Senate in our critical period. His second wife was daughter of Henry Laurens. He appears to have conceived early the idea of writing a history of the Revolution, for from the first he was a diligent collector of docu- ments. His memory was tenacious, his disposition impartial, his acquaintance among the great men of the time wide and intimate, connected as he was with important figures, himself a man of prominence. His history has the faults and merits of a contemporary record. As the work of an alert and sturdy eye-wit- ness, it is a source of value. J. K. H. History of the Revolution of South Carolina from a British colony to an independ- ent state. Trenton : Collins. 1785. 2v. [1470 139 1471-1480 THE UNITED STATES Author a resident of Charleston and of Soutli Caro- lina during the greater part of the Revolution. Work based on jiersonal observation or on conversations with participants. Rellects contemporary southern opinion. Stjle uninteresting. E. C. Raynal, Guillaume Thomas Fran9ois, I'ahbt. Revolution de rAmcrique. Loudou: Lockyer. 1781. Revolution of America. London: Lock- yer. 1781. Phil. : Bell. 1782. Salem : Hall. 1782. [Numerous other reprints.] [i47i The work of a philosophical French writer on polit- ical science. States in brief form the leading facts from 1763 to 1778. Discusses, after the manner of the time, the claims of both parties. Interesting from its point of view. E. C. Read, George. Read, William Thomp- son. Life and correspondence of George Read, a signer of the Declaration of Independence; with notices of some of his contemporaries. Phil. : Lippincott. 1870. [i472 Treats mainly of the years 1769 to 1791. Contains many original letters and other documents. Tlie text is written in a spirit of filial piety. Especially valu- able are the footnotes and the supplementary notes appended to the several chapters. An uninteresting but useful book. E. C. Reed, Mrs. Esther (De Berdt). Reed, William Bradford. Life of Esther De Berdt, afterwards Esther Reed of Pennsylvania. Phil. : privately printed. 1853. [^473 Esther De Berdt Reed, daughter of the London mer- chant Dennis De Berdt, and wife of Joseph Reed, President of Pennsylvania, was born in 1747 and died in 1780. This simply written story by her grandson is valuable for the insight afforded into the situa- tion in London just before the Revolution and for the description of life in the American middle colonies during the struggle. The story is told mainly by con- temporary letters, for the most part to or from Mrs. Reed. V. L. C. Reed, Joseph. Reed, William B. Life and correspondence of Joseph Reed. Phil.: Lindsay. 1847. 2v. [i474 1741-1785. Revolutionary officer. Aide to Washing- ton and President of Pennsylvania. The author was grandson of General Reed. The work is extremelv able, written from the sources in an excellent method; interesting and illuminating. E. C. R. Revere, Col. Paul. Goss, Elbridge IIenry. Life of Colonel Paul Revere. Boston: Cup- pies. 1891. 2v. [1475 This is the only worthy biography of Revere. It is scholarly and thorough. There are numerous illus- trations, some of them reproductions of Revere's engravings. The chapters treat of the services of Revere as a cartoonist in the Revolution; as an ex- press rider, especially the April rides to Lexington ; as an officer in the Revolutionary War ; on the unfor- tunate Penobscot expedition ; in connection with the adoption of the Federal Constitution in Massachu- setts ; as a Mason, and in private business relations. Quotations from Revere's diary and letters are numer- ous. An api)endix contains valuable papers, including a sketch of Dawes, Revere's fellow rider to Lexington. E. E. S. Rhode Island Revolutionary correspond- ence, 17T.J-82. See Rhode Island Historical Society. Collections, v. 6, 18G7. [1476 Riedesel, Friederike Charlotte Louise von Massow, Frnin von. Letters and jour- nals relating to the war of the American Revo- lution ; tr. from the German by Wm. L. Stone. Albany: Munsell. 1867. [^477 These invaluable memoranda record the observa- tions of an eye-witness of the Burgoyne campaign (born 174G ; died 1808). She is frankly anti-American in her symi)athies, but her notes are pervaded by an admirable temper, and a genuineness and directness of style which retain even the general reader's inter- est. Mr. Stone's editolicy. With the passing of the Declaration of Independence, however, his approval of the American course ceases. That was a mistake calamitous to the whole English- speaking race. The years of war following were years of disgrace to both sides, — the exi)atriation of the Tories at last foolish and infamous inhumanity. The fortunes of the descendants of the Tories, the United Empire Loyalists, are followed into the 19th century. Received American opinions are often contradicted, but the views are worth weighing. It is a profitable book for an American to read. J. K. H. Sabine, Lorenzo. Biographical sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution ; with an historical essay. Boston: Little. 1864. 2v. §7. [148S Lorenzo Sabine, in his latter years a respected citi- zen of Massachusetts, and once a representative in Congress, passed much of his life on the Maine frontier adjoining New Brunswick. Coming there into close connection with the descendants of the exiled Tories, he dared to compile sketches of a number of these, speaking of them in a way quite in contrast with the execration which up to that time, 1847, had been the usual tone. The world wondered at the boldness of author and pul^lishers who dared attempt the rescue from oblivion or obliquy of the men who in our Revo- lution took the losing side. The work, however, found readers, a new edition appearing after an interval. It was a path-breaker in a new class of historical writing, and has contributed in an important way to produce a more just and humane estimate of the men who went down in '76. Mr. Sabine's candor, indus- trj', and excellent sense appear in all the numerous sketches. Though many of the sketches are brief, all have value. J. K. H. Saffell, William Thomas Roberts. Re- cords of the Revolutionary War. N. Y. : Pud- ney. 1858. 3d ed. Bait.: Saffell. 1894. [i486 A compilation of the names of Revolutionary officers and privates, arranged by regiments or companies : of distinguished prisoners of war ; of the officers of the Society of the Cincinnati; of the officers entitled to land pay ; of foreign officers; and of officers receiving land waiTants. These lists are valuable for genealogi- cal purposes. A number of letters from paymasters and other officers is added, together with legislation on military land warrants. These serve the purpose of those who are tracing Revolutionary claims. E. E. S. Sanderson, John. Biography of the sign- ers to the Declaration of Independence. Phil. 1820-7. 9v. 2d ed., rev. and enl. Phil.: Brown. 1828. 5v. [1487 Written from the best source available at the time. Vol. I contains : Introduction ; A view of the British colonies . . . from their origin to their independence. 141 1488-1497 THE UNITED STATES It occupies 226 pages and when written was a valua- ble concise sketch of the colonial and Revohitionary eras. The whole work is now out of date as to all the important men whose lives it records. Written in a monotonous style. K. C. Sargent, Winthrop, cd. Loyalist poetry of the Revolution. Albany. 1860. [1488 A collection of 43 poems, mostly doggerel, privately printed (only !»v) copies). It ojiens with a tedious satire in three parts, " The American times," followed by a few rollicking ballads. One entitled " Hot stuff " by Edw. Botswood, sergeant, 1759, is of merit, worthy of place in Kii)lingiana. " The Tenth Regiment's voy- age to Quebec " (.1707) contains details valuable for the historian. The introduction and notes are fair-n\inded. See jriM. mci'j.] June, 1858, p)). 1G4-5. H. W. H. Schenck, David. North Carolina, 1780-81. Raleigh, N. C. : Edwards. 1889. [1489 The historj- of the invasion of the Carolinas by Corn- wallis in 1780-81 is here traced, beginning with the siege of Charleston and ending with Eutaw Siirings. Its particular design is to show the part borne by North Carolina in that camijaign, and to correct some of the errors into which Lee, Johnson and other histo- rians have fallen in regard to the state, especially in the conduct of her militia at Guilford Court House. It is made up from well-known printed sources, from which many extracts are reproduced. The arrange- ment is good. S. B. W. Schuyler, Maj.-Oen. Philip John. Los- sing, Benson John. Life and times of Philip Schuyler. N. Y.: Sheldon. 1860-73. 2v. Holt. 1884. 2v. 83.50. [1490 The life of one of the American Revolutionary gener- als (1733-1804), constructed chiefly on the basis of Schuy- ler's meagre i)apers which are preserved ; and written by an author who had made himself .somewhat familiar with the campaigns described. In point of informa- tion, Lossing's materials leave much to be desired, nor was he so much a writer of rigidly historical methods as a practised i)urveyor to the general reader, yet the storj' is not only entertainingly but skilfully told. The work has an index and portraits, but no majis. W. E. F. Proceedings of his court-martial. See New-York Historical Society, sect. 361. [1491 Scudder, Horace Elisha, ed. Men and manners in America one hundred years ago. N. Y. : Scribner. 1876; 1887. $1.25. [1492 Pictures of life during the Revolution in the words of contemporary observers. From diaries, letters, autobiographies, recollections, and travels of English- men, Frenchmen, Hessians and Americans have been culled vivid and entertaining descriptions of almost every i)hase of life in New England, the Middle States and the South. The best single volume from which to derive a just idea of the life of the time. E. (}. B. Senter, Isaac, .Journal on a secret expedi- tion against Quebec in September, 1775. See Pennsylvania, Historical Society of, sect. 383. [1493 Seventy-Six Society. Philadelphia, Pa. This society was organized in 185-1. Its publi- cations are as follows: — [1494 Papers in relation to the case against Silas Deane ; ed. by E. IJ. Ingraham. — The examination of Joseph Galloway, Esq., by a committee of the House of Com- mons, ed. by Thomas Balch. — Papers relating to pub- lic events in Massachusetts preceding the American Revolution. — Papers relating chiefly to the Maryland line during the Revolution ; ed. by T. Balch. Shelburne, William Petty Fitzmaurice, 2d carl of. Fitzmaukice, Edmond Geouge Petty, lord. Life of William, Earl of Shel- burne, afterwards first marquess of Lansdowne ; W'ith extracts from his papers and correspond- ence. London and N. Y. : Macmillan. 1875-6. 3v. [1495 A dull long-drawn-out book upon a subject worthy of better handling. Shelburne, at a later time the first Marquis of Lansdowne, was a statesman of liberal views, who, coming into public life at the time of the Stamp Act, stood with Pitt and Camden in resisting the policy of the government. He later stood with the Earl of Chatham, the two alone among the offi- cers of the government, in resisting coercive measures against America, and was the only man in the cabinet opposed to the expulsion from Parliament of John Wilkes. "With his intimate friend Barr^', Shelburne fought the policy of the King and his friends to the close, although he no more than Chatham could endure the thought of American independence. After Chat- ham's death, he became the leader of Chatham's adher- ents, but was hampered by great unpopularity, partly due to lack of a conciliatory spirit, but largely to his advanced views. In several ways he was before his time. He warmly advocated parliamentary and eco- nomic reform. Catholic emancipation and complete tolerance; and anticipated Cobden as to free trade. Disraeli called him the first great minister to compre- hend the rising importance of the middle class. He was possessed of unusual boldness and independence, and was jironounced by Camilen second only to Chat- ham in the House of Lords as an orator. J. K. H. Shelburne papers, pt. 2. (In Great Britain, Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts. 5th report. London. 1876.) [1496 "The Shelburne papers, belonging to the Marquis of Lansdowne, which make up a large part of the 5th report [of the English Historical Manuscripts Com- mission], while of most interest in connection with the American Revolution, reveal not a little concern- ing the colonial history of the earlier part of the 17th century." Justin "NVinsor, in Narrative and critical hiM. of Am., 5: lt'.4. Sikes, Enoch Walter. Transition of North Carolina from colony to commonwealth. (.Johns Hopkins Univ. studies, ser. 16, nos. 10-11.) Bait. 1898. Pap. 50c. [i497 This account of the downfall of the royal govern- ment in North Carolina and the establishment of the state government in 1776 is based on material which 142 PERIOD OF DISCONTENT AND REVOLUTION, 1760-1783 1498-1504 is rhawn almost entirely from volumes nine and ten v. tne Xorth Carolina colonial records, 1770-177C. 11 • author presents clearly the last stages in the quar- rel between governor antl assembly in North Caro- 1. la, and his work is chiefly of value in disclosing the conditions under which the constitution of 177G was drafted. C. M. A. Simcoe, FA. -Col. John Graves. Journal of the operations of the Queen's Rangers. Exe- ter. 1787. Military journal: a history of the oper- ations of a partisan corps called the Queen's Rangers; with memoir of author, etc. N. Y. : Bartlett. 1844. [1498 " Simcoe's narrative is even more egotistical than Tarleton's. But his details may be relied upon if one constantly remembers that events are related without any regard to their real importance." E. Channing, in Xarrative and critical hist, of Am., 6: 518. Simms, Jeptha Root. Trappers of New York. Albany: Munsell. ISoO. [^499 This book contains a biography of Nicholas Stoner and of Nathaniel Foster, two well-known trappers and frontiersmen of western New York in the latter part of the eighteenth century. Some account is also given of Sir William Johnson and his life at Johnson Hall. The material in the book was derived largely from the conversation of Stoner (who had been a famous Indian fighter), and after it was written out it was submitted to him and received his corrections. Though error could not be excluded by such a course, yet the book may be accepted as fairly accurate. Though not a work of great importance, it gives some personal details which are of value in helping the reader to form a picture of the conditions of frontier life at and subsequent to the period of the Revolution. The style is agreeable. H. L. O. Sloane, William Milligan. The French war and the Revolution. (American history series.) N. Y. : Scribner. 1893. $1.25. [1500 A compendious account, covering the period 1756- 83. The conditions do not admit of much new matter or striking originality of treatment ; but the state of the French and English colonies at the outbreak of the last French and Indian war, the causes of the Revolution, and the connection between the Revolu- tion and changing American political ideas, are well brought out. The style is agreeable. W. MacD. Smyth, John Ferdinand D. A tour in the United States. London. 1784. 2v. [1501 " Though replete with falsehood and calumny, it contains the truest picture of the state of society and manners in Virginia (such as it was about half a cen- tury ago) that is extant. Traces of the same manners could be found some years subsequent to the adoption of the federal constitution, say to the end of the cen- tury." John Randolph (in 1822) ; quoted in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 5 : 284. Soules, Francois. Histoire des troubles de TAraerique anglaise. Paris. 1787. 4v. Zu- rich (in German). 1788. [1502 Supposed to have been inspired by Rochanibeau. Covens the whole field of the Revolution from 1774 to 1783 — especially of the French and Spanish participar tion in the war. Includes also an account of the strug- gle between the Elnglish and the French in India and some interesting matter (m the financial and social condition of the ITnited States in 1783. There are also documents and letters, such as Washington's letter to the (lovernors. The text is generally accurate, but contains little that is not to be found in English. There are a few maps. Altogether the book is rather a curiosity than an authority. E. C. Sparks, Jared, ed. Correspondence of the American Revolution. Boston: Little. 1853. 4v. [1503 These volumes should be used in connection with the standard editions of the Writhigs of iVashinf/ton, whether by Sparks or Ford (sect. 1538, 1539). They contain the letters written to Washington which Mr. Sparks collected while editing the correspondence of that commander. The collection is not exhaustive, but consists of letters selected by the editor. Espe- cially important and numerous are the letters of Greene, Lafayette, Schuyler, Knox, Lincoln, George Clinton, Rochambeau, Hancock and Jonathan Trum- bull. Many by Hamilton, Jefferson, G. Morris and Madison also appear. Appendices contain correspond- ence respecting the operations in Canada in 1775 and 1776, operations in Virginia in 1776, and against Bur- goyne and along the Hudson River in 1777. About three fourths of the collection relates to the Revolu- tion, and the rest to the later events of Washington's career. H. L. O. Diplomatic correspondence of the Amer- ican Revolution. Boston. 1829-30. 12v. [1504 Sparks had access to the papers of the Department of State, and made here the first authoritative collec- tion of the Revolutionary diplomatic correspondence. The letters and other papers are grouped under the names of the persons by or to whom they were written, the arrangement within each grotip being chronologi- cal. The writers of the volumes are: 1. Silas Deane, and the American Commissioners to France. 2. Ar- thur Lee, Wm. Lee, Ralph Izard, Henry Laurens. 3. Franklin. 4. Franklin, John Adams. 5, 6. John Ad- ams. 7. John Adams, John Jay. 8. Jay, Francis Dana. 9. Wm. Carmichael, John Laurens, C. W. F. Dumas. 10. Lafayette, the Peace Commissioners of 1781-3, C. A. Gerald, C. A. de la Luzerne. 11. Luzerne, Robert R. Liv- ingston, Robert Morris. 12. Robert Morris. Sparks 's method of editing has now fallen into disrepute : he printed only such documents as he thought of impor- tance, and did not hesitate to omit or alter passages containing what he considered irrelevant or objec- tionable matter. His texts, accordingly, cannot be relied upon. For most purposes, the collection has now been superseded by Wharton's Revolutionary diplomatic correspondence (sect. 1574). W. MacD. Stanhope, Philip Henry Stanhope, 5thenrl, riscount Mahon. History of England from 143 1505-1510 THE UNITED STATES the peace of Utrecht to the peace of Versailles, 1713-83. Londou: Murray. 1836-54. 7v. Rev. ed. 7v. 5s. ea. [iS05 A book written from original sources by a compe- tent scholar, whose knowledge of the period is unusu- ally large. The author possessed a judicial temper, sound judgment, and was desirous of being absolutely just. His work, therefore, commands and deserves the reader's confidence. The book is well-propor- tioneil, the narrative is clear, and the English is choice. Valuable excerpts from original documents used by the historian are appended to each volume. R. C. H. C. Stark, Maj.-Oen. John. Stark, Caleb. Memoir and official correspondence of Gen. John Stark. Concord, N. H. : Eastman. 1860. [1506 1728-1822. About half of this work is taken up with correspondence which is full of good documentary material. This fact, together with the relationship of the author, makes the book an excellent source, although less suited for popular use, perhaps, than Everett's. E. C. R. Stedman, Charles. History of the origin, progress, and termination of the American war. London. 1794. 2 v. [1507 Author was a "commissary" in the British army during the Revolutionary War. Work reflects opinions of British officers. Sometimes very candid. Contains many excellent maps and plans. Best contemporary account of the war from the British side. E. C. Steuben, Oen. Frederick William von. KAPr, Friedrich. Life of Frederick William von Steuben ; with Introd. by George Bancroft. N. Y. : Mason. 1859. [1508 " Steuben was a young soldier under Frederick the Great. He gained reputation in many a field, and Vi'as in years of peace leading a very easy life as a sort of head-chamberlain at a little German court, when the French government secretly engaged him to cross to America, and teach the undisciplined levies of the insurgent patriots to overthrow the rule of the Eng- lish sovereign. . . . Steuben performed his mission well. ... A large German population in the States . . . were determined that the memory of Steuben should not die. Mr. Kapp took the matter in hand. On all sides, but one, he met with ready assistance. Family papers, letters, documents from Germany, France, England . . . were liberally i)laced at his disposal. To make his story [)erfect, Mr. Kapp only required to consult the state archives at Washington, but there he was ' ignominiously repulsed.' . . . Despite this opposition . . . Mr. Kapp has accomplished his task satisfactorily." Littell's living age, &l: 126. Stevens, Benjamin Franklin, ed. Cam- paign in Virginia, 1781: an exact reprint of six rare pamphlets on the Clinton-Cornwallis controversy, with very numerous important unpublished manuscript notes by Sir Henry Clinton ; with a supplement containing extracts from the journals of the House of Lords, < London. 1888. 2v. [15 ^<) Contains practically everj-thing concerning the con- troversy between Clinton and Cornwallis as to which was responsible for the fortification of Yorktown. The pamphlets here reprinted are in some of our larger libraries, but the notes, the letters and some of the papers jjrinted in the second volume as a sup- plement are to be found nowhere else and give the volume its great value to students of the Virginia campaign of 1781. Admirably indexed. E. C. Facsimiles of manuscripts in European archives relating to America, 1773-83 ; with descriptions, editorial notes, collations, refer- ences and translations. London. 1889-98. 25v. £100. [1510 It is not too much to characterize this work as mon- umental. For some thirtj' years, Mr. Stevens took notes of all the material he could find relating to the jieriod of the American Revolution, and in this vast collection embodies 2107 documents, reproduced in facsimile, chiefly from the Public Record Office, the Royal (Militarj-) Institution, the Tower of Lon- don, and the British Museum, in England, the French Bureau des Affaires des Etrangeres, in France, and the jirivate collections of the Jlarquis of Aberga- venny, the Earl of Carlisle, the Earl of Dartmouth, Lord Auckland, and of Mr. Stevens ; and the editor does not exaggerate the value of the result when he asserts that " it is like taking up a whole collection of the State Paper Office of London or Paris, and transferring it to an American librarj-." A condition made by the Public Record Office in London, in giving access to all papers, " whether general, confidential, secret, or most secret," was, Mr. Stevens states, " that I should take the whole, or leave the whole of each individual document, and that I should garble none, as had been done by two most eminent historians ; " and a little experimentation with printed texts con- vinced him that it was impossible to obtain accurate printing. " In this dilemma I conceived the notion of attempting to solve the difficulty by substituting the art of photography, with its incontrovertible and recognized accuracy, as the mode of making my further copies of original manuscripts. Each docu- ment is an absolute facsimile, without any editorial words or explanation to alter its appearance as com- pared with the original, except an identifying mark and number for reference ; but annexed to it is a separate statement, or title-page, with corresponding mark and number, indicating its endorsements, en- closures, seals, memoranda, etc., with various notes and references, the location of its original, its dupli- cates, triplicates, etc., if any, and if printed, where. There is .also added in a note in a legible handwriting, a translation into English, when the document origi- nated in another language. . . . The translaticms are intended to be literal rather than literary. They are given upon the advice of some of the best known students." So well has the work been done, that the editor's claim that his facsimiles, " for all juactical purposes, are the originals themselves," is no exagger- ation. Indeed, in his initial experiments in reiiroduc- ing them, he states that he was " both complimented and grieved to find that some facsimiles were taken 144 PERIOD OF DISCONTENT AND REVOLUTION, 1760-1783 1511-1518 to be originals, and some originals were pronounced to bo facsimiles," leading him to have special paper manufactured for the book. Necessarily, in so vast a publication, objects of criticism can be found. The collection does not pretend to be in any sense com- plete, the facsimiles being limited almost wholly to unpublished manuscripts ; and, in addition, the ed- itor has excluded the peace transcripts, including the G6rard and Luzerne correspondence, secured by him for the Department of State at Washington, and all the letters printed in his volume on the Clinton-Corn- wallis controversy. The arrangement, too, which is practically without chronology or classification, and almost haphazard, is extremely faulty and bewilder- ing ; though liberal cross references, and a most ad- mirable index, go far to remedy the confusion. P. L. F. See, also, in Part I : Sources, sect. 72. Stirling, William Alexander, Gthearlof{1). DuER, William Alexander. Life of Wil- liam Alexander, Earl of Stirling. (New Jersey Historical Soc. Collections, v. 2.) N. Y. 1847. The life of one of Washington's generals (1726-83). Though it is written by Stirling's grandson, there is a manifest effort to avoid bias, and to secure accuracy; yet the book's value is impaired by the disappearance (pp. xiii-xiv) of some of the most valuable of the family letters. It has an index and a portrait, and five maps. Alexander's claim to the earlship was never allowed by the Lords' committee on privileges. W. E. F. Stone, Edwin Martin. Invasion of Canada in 1775 : including the journal of Captain Simeon Thayer, describing the army under Colonel Benedict Arnold, in its march to Quebec ; with notes. (In Rhode Island Hist. Soc. Collections, v. 6. Providence. 1867.) [1512 The editor gives a full, carefully written account of the ill-starred expedition, and the assault on Quebec under Montgomery and Arnold. Thayer's Journal is somewhat illiterate, but has the prime value of record- ing important details, perhaps otherwise lost. Of par- ticular value, to the student of this episode, are the copious and careful notes, and biographical sketches of the principal persons in Arnold's command. F. H. S. Our French allies in the great war of the American Revolution, 1778-82. Provi- dence: Prov. Press Co. 1883. [1513 A mass of information, Init undigested and ill-edited. A portion of the book was prepared for the centennial celebrations at Yorktown and at Providence, R. I. A number of the illustrations jjossess some historic value. E. E. S. Stone, William Leete. 1792-18U- Border wars of the American Revolution. N. Y. 1843. 2v. [1514 " This work is composed principally of the narra- tives and incidents of adventure with the Indians, which are found in the two large volumes of the Life of Brant ' ' (sect. 124G). T. W. Field, Indian blbliogra- l)hij, p. 382. Stone, William Leete. 1835-. Campaign of Lieut. -Gen. John Burgoyne, and expedition of Lieut. -Col. Barry St. Leger. Albany: Mun- sell. 1877. [1515 The St. Leger portion of Mr. Stone's volume (1777), avowedly reproduced from his father's life of Brant ; and the Burgoyne portion, also in 1777 (chiefly based on Riedesel and Eelking), are serviceable, as the first connected English account founded on latest infor- mation. There is an elaborate appendix occupying about one half of the book. It is frankly a compila- tion, but it is the work of a historian who has made this field of investigation his own, in a half dozen other historical studies of the Burgoyne campaign, and is usually marked by fair judgment and temper. The book has an index, illustrations, and maps. In- tended for the general reader. W. E. F. ed. Ballads and poems relating to the Burgoyne campaign. Albany : Munsell. 1898. [1516 Among these ballads are included recent composi- tions as well as those contemporaneous with the events they describe, and they have for their subjects the death of Jane McCrea and the battles of Oriskany and Bennington as well as incidents more closely connected with the British general. Footnotes and appendices convey much information of a personal nature regarding the campaign. F. J. S. tr. Letters of Brunswick and Hessian officers during the American Revolution. Al- bany: Munsell. 1891. [iSi? These were published in a monthly magazine estab- lished in 1776 by Prof. August Ludwig Schlozer of the University of Gottingen for the pvirpose of printing private letters from German officers in all parts of the world. Most of those contained m this volume were written by officers of Burgoyne's army, and they describe their expedition and their captivity in a very interesting way. The story of the engagements at Saratoga is told by an eye-witness, and we learn how many of the American officers looked and how the American soldiers were clad as well as something of the home life of the country. Among the letters is one from Gen. Steuben. F. J. S. Stryker, William Scudder. Battles of Trenton and Princeton. Boston : Houghton. 1898. $4. [1518 Covers the period from the beginning of the retreat through the Jerseys until after the battle of Prince- ton. Part I (pp. 1-307) contains the narrative, illus- trated with more than a hundred maps, portraits, etc. Part II contains 122 original documents, being the chief sources of the work, followed by a list of books used. The author uses many documents never before laid under contribution, especially German records of the Hessian soldiers. E. C. R. Sullivan, Maj.-Oen. John. Centennial cele- bration of General Sullivan's campaign against 145 1519-1528 THE UNITED STATES the Iroquois in 1779 ; prepared by Died rich Willers, Jr. Waterloo, N. Y. 1880. [1519 " Contains a carefully prepared and clearly written historical address by the Rev. David Craft, which the editor calls ' the most complete and accurate history of General Sullivan's campaign which has yet been given to the public' The diligence of Craft in his search for the sources of authority for the campaign is shown in his List of Jonrnals, narratives, etc., of the western expedition, 1770 (Mag. of Amer. hist., 3: 673)." A. ;McF. Davis, in Xarrative and critical hist. ofA)n.,(J: G70. Diaries and journals of Sullivan's In- dian campaign, 1779. See Massachusetts His- torical Society, sect. 338. [1520 Talbot, George F. The capture of the Margaretta, the first naval battle of the Revo- lution. See ^Maine Historical Society, sect. 279. [1521 Tancock, Osborne William. England diu*- Ing the American and European wars, 1765- 1820. (Epochs of English history.) London: Longmans. 1878. (Harper's half-hour series.) N. Y. : Harper. 1878. N. Y. : Longmans. 30c. [1522 Since the " American " portion of the wars here in- cluded (177.5-82) comprises less than 40 pages, its only value is as supplying a briefer English view of the American struggle tlian those by Andrews and Ludlow. The author is an Oxford man, with many years' experi- ence in teaching, of sound capacity, excellent judg- ment, fair temper, and careful historical methods. The work has an index, and also 5 mai)S which, however, are of no great value. Professedly a compilation, and for the general reader. W. E. F. Tarleton, Lt.-Col. Sir Banastre. History of the campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the southern provinces of North America. Lon- don. 1787. [1523 Hardly a "history" but a bit of special pleading. Supi)lied with some good maps and many valuable documents not easily found elsewhere. Tarleton's unjust attacks on others brought out Strictures on Lt.-Col. Tarleton's History, by Roderick Mackenzie. By using both books one may gather a few valuable facts. E. C. Thacher, James. Military journal during the American Revolutionary War, 1775-83. Bo.ston. 1823. 2d ed., rev. 1827. [1524 Dr. Thacher (1754-1844) served as a surgeon in the American army, and his journal has the great value of first-hand knowledge of the events. It is the work of a fair-minded man, and, while apologized for in the author's preface as embodying "crude fragments," is seldom conspicuously partisan or careless in its statements ; and, had it not been too narrowly revised and diluted, would have had the literary merits of directness and vivid narration which make it still of interest to the general reader. W. E. F. Thomson, Charles. Papers of Charles Thomson, Secretary of the Continental Con- gress. (New York Hist. Soc. Collections, 1878.) N. Y. 1879. [1525 These consist of G2 pages of correspondence between Thomson and Franklin, Jay, R. R. Livingston, and others during the years 17C)5-82, the greater i)art of them conveying information from Thomson to his correspondents ; a report of the debates of the Conti- nental Congress from July 22 to Sept. 20, 1780 ; 100 pages of further corresjjondence between 1783 and 1787, chiefly personal letters to and from Jefferson, but including an important one to David lUimsaysup- jilying facts for his history ; and, finally, a paper entitled Joseph Reed's 7iarrafire and a letter to W. H. Drayton, both presenting i>icturcs of the state of affairs in Pennsylvania in 1774-5 and supposed to have been contributions to projected histories of the Revolution. F. J. S. Trescot, William Henry, Diplomacy of the Revolution. N. Y. 1852. [1526 Founded mainly on Sparks's Diplomatic corre- spondence of the Revolution. An essay and not a history. Now antiquated. E. C. Trevelyan, Sir George Otto. The Amer- ican Revolution. N. Y. : Longmans. 1899-. V. 1-f . V. 1, $3. [1527 " Sir George Trevelyan's history is in the highest degree panegyrical, and in that respect resembles the American histories of former days, though it escapes their grandiloquence. American historians have greatly advanced in inqiartiality as well as in re- search. They now admit that there were two sides to the question, and endeavor to do justice to the Royalists. The change is marked m the school his- tories, which are still supposed to be the great source of American feeling against England. In reading Sir George Trevelyan's panegyric, and comparing it with recent treatment of the subject, we have a sense of relapse." Goldwin Smith, Literattire, May 5, 1899. " It is delightful reading. . . . Perhai)s the chatty sidelights on the careers and characters of the soldiers and statesmen who fought out the oi)ening period of the Revolution are the most characteristic features of the author's treatment. . . . Occasional overstate- ments are perhai)s due to this love of the striking." F. J. Turner, in American hist, rev., 5: 141. Trumbull, Jonathan. Stuakt, Is.vac Wil- liam. Life of .lonatlian Trumbull, Sen., Governor of Connecticut. Boston. 1859. [1528 This work, though marred by serious defects, is possessed of many merits. It is based on reliable data, consisting of information furnished by jiapers, me- moirs, .and the like, which have been gathered with great industry. Though flattering to Trumbull, it is not excessively so, and it is the only biography that has been written of a man whose career deserves greater recognition ; and it is, moreover, th" best work that Stiuirt ever wrote. IMit jiadded as it is with the Amer- ican bombast characteristic of many historical works written in the middle of the century, it is twice as 146 PERIOD OF DISCONTENT AND REVOLUTION, 17G0-1783 1529-1536 long as it ought to be ; and the material, valuable and important as much of it is, is neither well sifted nor well arranged. C. M. A. Trumbull papers. See Ma.ssacliusetts His- torical Society, sect. 317. [1529 Tyler, Moses Coit, Literary history of the American Revolution, 1763-1783. N. Y. : Putnam. 1897. 2v. $8 ea. [1530 After an interval of a score of years Professor Tyler continues his Colonial literature into the great period of the nation's birth. Tlie tireless research, the picturesque touch, the fine sympathy of the pre- ceding record are preserved to the full in this. Very noticeable, too, in the present work is the calm, broad- minded candor capable of doing justice to men widely sundered in their ideas — the combatants in the lierce struggle out of which the new nation was about to emerge. Among the fathers and founders many a neglected figure receives adequate illustration. In the case of the Tory champi-s. Mary (Ball). Harland, Marion, pseud, of Mrs. M. V. (Hawes) Ter- HUNE. Story of Mary Washington. Boston: Houghton. 1893. §1. [1570 A harmless compound of tradition and hearsay, but not history. Repeats the pleasant fictions of Walter and others. Creates an ideal heroine, but far removed from the querulous though lovable mother of Wash- ington. Tries to explain away every friction between the two which would make them human. Written in a bright style and for the laudable purpose of calling attention to the uncompleted monument to Mary Washington. E. E. S. Watson, Elkanah. Men and times of the Revolution : memoirs ; ed. by Winslow C. Watson. N. Y. 1856. [1571 The record of an eye-witness, yet in many respects uncritical and ijrejudiced. The memoirs are clumsily written, and show little evidence of editing; and the book has neither index, illustrations nor maps. Its almost sole value is as embodying the record of sev- eral isolated episodes (as the Gasp6 episode of 1772). W. E. F. Wayne, Maj.-Oen. Anthony. Stille, Charles Janeway. Major-General Anthony Wayne and the Pennsylvania line in the con- tinental army. Phil. : Lippincott. 1893. [1572 Relates to Ticonderoga, Germantown, Monmouth, Stony Point, the Virginia and Georgia campaigns and the campaign against the northwestern Indians. It shows Gen. Wayne as not merely a dashing leader but an able general. Tlie work is from the sources, by a thorough student, and written in scholarly but not pedantic style. E. C. R. Webb, Samuel Blachley. • Correspondence and journals ; coll. and ed. by Worthington C. Ford. N. Y.: Burnett. 1894. 3v. [1573 151 1574-1580 THE UNITED STATES Most of the papers in the three volumes relate to the years 1774-1789. A biographical sketch by the compiler occupies pp. 251-39(; of vol. 3. The original material in these volumes is interesting and important, the biographical sketch well vrritten and adequate. E. C. Wharton, Francis, ed. Revolutionary dip- lomatic correspondence of the United States; ed. under the direction of Congress, with notes. Wash. : Govt. Prtg. Off. 1889. 6v. [1574 This work was authorized by an Act of Congress, August 13, 1888, and was designed to correct, complete, and enlarge the Diplomatic corresjjondence of the Revolution, by Jarcd Sparks, 1829-1830 (sect. 1504). It is a mine of wealth to the student of the diplomatic history of the Revolution, for it contains papers from pubUshed memoirs, family archives, and the records of the Department of State, all edited with scrupu- lous care. The period covered is that from 1775 to 1785. Volume first is entirely taken up with an elabo- rate table of contents, a life of Dr. ^aiaiton (d. 1889) by Professor John Bassett Moore, and an introduc- tion, long, discursive and ponderous, by the editor on the development of diplomacy and the careers of the diplomats of the United States during the period covered. C. M. A. Wild, Ebenezer. Journal, 1776-81. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 343. [IS7S Wild, Ebenezer, and Lt. -Col. Henry Dear- born. Journals of Arnold's expedition to Quebec. See 3Iassachusetts Historical Soci- ety, sect. 338. [1576 Wilson, Samuel Farmer. History of the American Revolution. Bait.: Kelly. 1834. New ed. 1869. [iS77 A civil and military history of the period 17C3 to 1783, with an introductory chapter on the colonists. No recognition of the Tory side of the controversy. Each event is due to a special Providence, rather than the outcome of natural laws. The work is based on good authorities, and was at one time an accepta- ble historj'; but it is discredited in many particulars by later investigation and supplanted l)y less general- ized writings ; e. g., Frothingham's liise of the repub- lic, Fiske's American Revolution, and Carrington's Rattles of the American Revolution (sect. 1315, 1255, 2734). E. E. S. Winsor, Justin. Reader's handbook of the American Revolution, 1761-83. Boston: Houghton. 1880. §1.25. [1578 A popular bibliography, still of great value for a de- tailed study of the period. It is supplemented, but not superseded, by the bibliographical notes in the same editor's Narrative and critical history (sect. 404). The arrangement is topical, and the nature and worth of the authorities are exhibited. AV. MacD. Withers, Alexander Scott. Chronicles of border warfare ; or A history of the settle- ment by the whites of northwestern Virginia and of the Indian wars and massacres in that section of the state. Clarksburgh, Va. 1831. Same. New edition, ed. and annotated by Reuben Gold Thwaites. Cin. : Clarke. 1895. $2.50. [1579 " "Withers' Chro7ucles is one of the number of books which have a great value because they preserve the traditions of the border about the Indian fighting of the second half of the eighteenth century in the West. They tell what the settlers themselves thought of the deeds done by the rough backwoodsman of the Alle- ghanies and the upper Ohio in the ceaseless warfare of the white man against the red ; they contain valuable sidelights on the ways of life and the habits of thought of the backwoodsmen ; but, as a record of facts, each of them must be used with extreme caution. "Withers, like De Haas and Doddridge, both of whom covered much of the ground that he did, gathered some of his material from the pioneers themselves in their old age ; but more often he adopted what the children of the pioneers told him, or what their successors re- ported as having been done. Thus what he relied on was really little more than family or local tradition. . . . Rather curiously these border annalists are more trustworthy when they deal with small events than when they deal with the larger facts of western his- tory." The author's "account of St. Clair's defeat is valueless, and is followed by what is probably the wildest fabrication to be found in any book of border annals. . . . However, in spite of some looseness in matters of fact, the book has great value, and must be consulted by every student of early western history. Mr. Reuben Gold Thwaites is an ideal editor for such a work ; a trained student and scholar. . . . The edi- torial work of this edition of the Chronicles is excel- lent throughout." Theodore Roosevelt, in American historical review, 1 : 170. 3. Period of Federal Union and Con- solidation, 1783-1828. Adams, Henry. History of the United States of America [during the administrations of Jefferson and Madison]. N. Y. : Scribner. 1889-91. 9v. $18. [1580 The most valuable history of this important period, remarkable alike for its research, its i)enetrating anal- y.sis of character and political tendencies, and for the flood of light which it throws upon every phase of the foreign relations of the country. The student rf >r , poleon will find in it a critical and detailed t episodes in his career that have been oursorilj ; over by other historians, e. g., the retrocession isiana by Spain to France and the attcnii)ted s 1 / - tion of the negroes in San Domingo. Mr. A' ■ '- at his best in unravelling the complications o- macy, and in analyzing the mind and feeling different sections of the country. For the f.,nii r task he discovered masses of unutilized mat(r.:.l in foreign archives ; in the latter he combines ii tual insight in interpretation with critical poise position. He stands aloof from both parties ; i 152 •EKK >D OF FEDERAL UNION AND CONSOLIDATION, 178^-1828 1581-1589 lition to the work of the Federalists and This has been called " a valuable and creditable with the aspirations of the Republi- caru E. G. B. ■ — documents relating to New Eng- xederalism, 1800-15. Boston : Little. 1878. [1581 A collection of documents, mainly letters, and with- out narrative comment, but of high importance for the light they shed on the i>olitical movements of the period, and on the opposition to the administration which resulted in the Hartford Convention. The most important document is J. Q. Adams's Reply to the appeal of the Massachusetts Federalists. An appen- dix contains a number of brief letters, mainly from the Pickering papers in the possession of the Massa- chusetts Historical Society. W. MacD. " The Reply was written under the disappointments of Adams when driven from the presidency, and with a natural bitterness ; and the editor finds it prudent to omit some passages respecting H. G. Otis." Jus- tin Winsor, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 7: 313. Adams, John. Wood, John. The sup- pressed history of the administration of John Adams ; republished, with notes, by John Henry Sherburne. Phil. 1846. [1582 A virulent party attack, prepared by the hired pen of an English writer, John Wood, for use in the presi- dential campaign of 1800. Aaron Burr, fearing that it would do injury to his own party, is said to have bought off the publisher and secured the suppression of the book until after the election was passed. When it did appear, in 1802, " a large part of the first issues was burnt uii ; but some copies escaped." It was re- printed in 1846 with the title given above. Justin Winsor, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am,., 7: 334. — See also in preceding period, sect. 1201-06. Adams, John Quincy. Memoirs, compris- ing portions of his diary from 1795 to 1848; ed. by Charles Francis Adams. Phil.: Lippincott. 1874-7. 12v. [1583 The most elaborate and valuable of the journals of American statesmen. The author kept a full daily record of events, accompanied with criticisms, reflec- tions and expressions, often pointed, of personal opin- ion. The volumes, accordingly, shed light upon nearly every political incident of importance in the period which they cover. Vol. 12 has a full index to the se- ries. W. MacD. — Morse, John Torrey. John Quincy Adams. (American statesmen.) Boston: Houghton. 1883. $1.25. [1584 One of the most successful volumes in the American statesmen series. It is written in the easy graceful style of which the author is a master. Trustworthy in details, its chief merit lies in its comprehension of the essential character of Adams and its sympathetic interpretaf' a of the man and his work. A. C. McL. — Q viN. Y, JosiAH. Memoir of the life of John Quii;:y Adams. Boston: Phillips. 1858. [1585 work, though written on the ancient principle of presenting the jiublic with a perfect man." It must be said that few statesmen are such fit subjects for hero-worship as is Adams, and the tendency to pre- sent him in a favorable light does not greatly detract from the value of the volume. The author made use of good material including unpublished sources, and gives many excerpts from Adams' speeches and writ- ings, which add to the usefulness of the book and give it vitality and interest, for these extracts, well worded and strong, help us to come into contact with the spirit of a fearless, honest, able statesman. One will get, however, a better idea of Adams' place in history from the life written by Morse. A. C. McL. — Seward, William Henry. Life and pub- lic services of John Quincy Adams. Auburn: Derby. 1849. Phil.: Porter. 1886. Coates. 75c. [1586 This biography was undertaken, but not completed by Seward. Indeed the book seems to be in large measure the work of the writer whose " literary assist- ance " the publishers acknowledge in a prefatory note. Still the political views and the reverent attitude towards Adams everywhere maintained are character- istic of Seward himself. As a political biography the matter is reasonably full ; but the treatment is not graphic. Appended to the Life is Seward's striking Address on John Quincy Adams before the legislature of New York. A. D. M. Ames, Fisher. Works, with a selection from his speeches and correspondence; ed. by his son, Seth Ames. Boston: Little. 1854. 2v. [1587 The 2d volume, chiefly political, has the wider inter- est and value, as representing the point of view of a Federalist leader, at the end of the 18th century. The two volumes are edited with a fair amount of care, but with slight critical judgment or literary skill, and they are valuable chiefly as materials for history. w. e. f. Ashe, Thomas. Travels in America in 1806, for the purpose of exploring the rivers Alleghany, Monongahela, Ohio and Missis- sippi. London : Phillips. 1808. [1588 " A curious mixture of critical disparagement, quite too general to be accurate, and of romantic and ex- travagant episodes." H. T. Tuckerman, Amci'ica and her commentators, p. 203. Barlow, Joel. Todd, Charles Burr. Life and letters of Joel Barlow. N. Y. : Putnam. 1886. [1589 The life of a once noted poet, compiled largely from Barlow's papers. Todd is hardly a competent biographer. His materials are not well digested, he lacks sense of proportion, is inaccurate in details, ex- alts Barlow unduly and fails to explain facts deroga- tory to his hero. There is little new, though much scattered information is brought together. There is material relating to the Scioto Land Company, to Ful- ton and his steamboat, to our affairs with the Barbary 153 1590-1596 THE UNITED STATES powers (1795-97^ and with France (1811-12), to Connecti- cut literarj- and social life at and after the Revolution, and to the views of prominent Americans regarding the French Revolution. R. C. H. C. The account of the Scioto Company, whose agent Barlow was in France, is too meagre to be satisfac- tory. B. A. H. Bates, Frank Greene. Rhode Island and the formation of the Union. (Columbia Univ. studies in history, etc., v. 10, no. 2.) N. T. : Macmillan. 1898. $1.50. [1590 This is an admirable study of the attitude of Rhode Island toward federal union and the Constitution in the period from 1781 to 1791. Mr. Bates lias consid- ered with full appreciation of their importance the agricultural, commercial, and financial aspects of Rhode Island's historj- ; and has brought out clearly the strength of the conservative and particularistic elements, the grounds of their hostility to the Consti- tution, the ignorance, suspicion, and prejudice that characterized their actions, and the nature of the long struggle that preceded ratification. The mono- grapli is a valuable contribution to the historj' both of Rhode Island and of the federal Constitution. C. M. A. Beltrami, Giacomo Constantino. Pilgrim- age in Europe and America, leading to the dis- covery of the sources of the ]\Iississippi and Bloody River ; with a description of the whole course of the former, and of the Ohio. Lou- don : Hunt. 1828. 2v. [1591 " Beltrami must have moved in a gigantic world, if he saw external objects through the same media with which he viewed his own i)crson and accomplish- ments." T. "W. Field, Indian bibliograjjhy, p. 28. Bernard, John. Retrospections of America, 1797-1811. N. Y. : Harper. 1887. $1.75. [1592 Bernard was an Englisli actor, whose experiences were gained during his professional visits to this country. His travels extended up and down the At- lantic coa.st from Canada to the Carolinas and west- wardly to the Ohio River. The historical investigator will find a mass of anecdotes and incidents of the drama, and scattered thro\igh it a few glimpses of "Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, and others, al- though some of the stories must be taken with allow- ance. Of more value are the glimpses of the life of the people, the cities, dress, and customs. The por- traits and footnotes are confined to actors and ac- tresses. E. E. S. Biddle, Charles. Autobiography, 1745- 1821. Phil. : Claxton. 1883. [1593 Valuable for political and social life in America, especially Pennsylvania, before, dtiring and after the Revolution. It contains also letters of Burr and Trux- tun throwing some light on Burr's character, plans and duel with Hamilton. Biddle wrote from memory, in some cases years after the events narrated, a fact which detracts from the value of his relation. He tells what he saw and what he himself did in a plain. unpretentious style. He was a man of more than aver- age ability, of clear intellect, excellent judgment and few prejudices. An appendix contains the Biddle pedigree. R. C. H. C. Bradford, Alden. History of the federal government, 1789-1889. Boston : Simpkins. 1840. [1594 Covers the period 1789-1839. The author professes to aim at a brief narrative account adapted to general use, and free from political speculation and partisan bias ; but the style is formal and rather heavy, and the Federalist and anti-Democratic symjjathies of the writer are not concealed. The work has no longer particular importance. W. MacD. Brissot de Warville, Jean Pierre. New travels in tlie United States of America, per- formed in 1788 ; tr. from the French. Lon- don: Jordan. 1792. [i595 The author, a Frenchman, restlessly interested in politics, afterwards a prominent character in the French Revolution, came to America in 1788 " to study men who had just acquired their liberty." The work was published in Paris in 1791 as useful in supporting the Revolution. Brissot's journey, covering a period of six months, extended from Boston through the Atlantic states to Virginia. Although many of his observations are naive and sui)erficial, his sketches of life and manners are entertaining and are fre- quently quoted by historians. He had a considerable interest in the economic institutions of the country. A second volume, included in the English edition, written in 1787, is an essay on the commerce of Amer- ica with Europe. Brissot at that time had not visited America, and this discussion has but little A'alue. D. R. D. Burges, Tristam. Bowen, Henry L. Me- moir of Tristam Burges ; with selections from his speeches and occasional writings. Provi- dence: Marshall. 1835. [1596 The speeches occupy nearly one half of the volume. The Memoir is also copiously interlarded with extracts from other speeches by Mr. Burges. Occasionally the book throws an interesting sidelight on social and political conditions at Providence and Washington in the first third of the century. Style painfully dull. E. C. Burr, Aaron. Private journal during his residence of four years in Europe, with selec- tions from his correspondence ; ed. by Mat- thew L. Davis. N. Y. : Harper. 1838. 2v. [1597 CUves an interesting glimpse into the daily life and thought of an enigmatical man. Has little to do with America. "Well edited. Interesting but inconsequen- tial. E. C. — Davis, Matthew L. Memoirs of Aaron Burr ; with miscellaneous selections from his correspondence. N. Y. : Harper. 1830-7. 2v. [1598 154 FEDERAL UNION AND CONSOLIDATION, 1783-1828 1599-1608 Written from original sources and from notes of conversations witli Burr. Has all the disadvantages of using recollections of an old man as a source of his- tory. Well written and replete with interesting letters and parts of letters. E. C. — Knapp, Col. Samuel Lorenzo. Life of Aaron Burr. N. Y. : Wiley. 1835. [i599 " Published the year before his [Burr's] death, and of not nmch value, except as reflecting current opin- ion." Justin Wiusor, in Narrative and critical hist. ofAm.,1: 316. — Merwin, Henry Childs. Aaron Burr. (Beacon biographies.) Boston: Small. 1899. 75c. [i6oo " A pleasantly written sketch ... in which the im- morality of that extraordinary life is lightly touched, and some of its grosser faults in part condoned. Burr's eventful course as a free lance in politics and a pagan in social relations is, on the whole, sufficiently well set forth, though with less attention to the political side of his career than is usually given. The portrait fron- tispiece is well executed." Nation, 70: 92. — Parton, James. Life and times of Aaron Burr. N. Y.: Mason. 1858. Boston: Osgood. 1874. 2v. Enl. ed. Houghton. 2v. $5. [i6oi This brilliantly written and popular work has been criticised as uncritical, too favorable and persuasive, but it adds something of real value to our knowledge of Burr and did show clearly that he had been unjustly judged in many particulars. It is a fascinating piece of biographical writing. E. C. R. Cabot, George. Lodge, Hknry Cabot. Life and letters of George Cabot. Boston: Little. 1877. Net $3.50. [1602 Cabot was a leading Massachusetts Federalist, and president of the Hartford Convention. Aside from its general value as an authoritative biography, the volume has special importance for its publication of Cabot's letters, and its exhibition of the attitude of the New England Federalists towards the national govern- ment in the time of the war of 1812. W. MacD. Campbell, P. Travels in the interior in- habited parts of North America, 1791-3. Edin. : Guthrie. 1793. [1603 The author, formerly an officer in the 42d High- landers, arrived at St. John, New Brunswick, on 27th August, 1791. After visiting the new settlements in that province he travelled overland on foot to Quebec ; thence to Niagara and the Six Nations' tract on the Grand River, visiting all the loyalist settlements on the St. Lawrence and Lake Ontario on his way. He then went to Albany by the Genesee and jNlohawk valley route and down the Hudson to New York. He was a careful and competent observer, and his book is specially valuable for the information it contains on the social life and commercial activity of the people. There is a circumstantial account of St. Clair's defeat derived from Indians who were in the battle and from Li6ut. Turner, an American officer taken prisoner. The style is concise and unpretentious and the matter generally accurate. E. Cr. Carey, Mathew. The olive branch ; or Faults on both sides. Phil. 1814. 10th ed. improved. Phil. 1830. [1604 A review of the history of the United States with the object of sliowing both Federalists and Republi- cans their faults and errors, and so drawing the par- ties together for the salvation of the Union, which seemed to be on the verge of dissolution. It con- tains some valuable original documents ; impartially scourges both parties, and bitterly attacks the Hart- ford Convention. Carey was a conscientious, indus- trious, narrow-minded man, who wrote with care, but was too near the subjects he discusses to be either fair or accurate. As literature the book is worthless. R. C. H. C. Chateaubriand, Francois Auguste Rene, vicomte de. Travels in America and Italy. London: Colburn. 1828. 2v. [1605 " All of the first volume, from p. 196 to p. 356, and all of vol. 2, from p. 1 to \>. 1-12, are devoted to the rela- tion of the history and customs of the aborigines, or an examination of their antiquities." T. W. Field, Indian bibliography, p. 72. Cobb, Joseph B. Leisure labors ; or Mis- cellanies, historical, literary, and political. N. Y. : Appleton. 1858. [1606 The historical and political essays relate to Jeffer- son, W. H. Crawford, slave trade in the District of Columbia, and the " true issue between parties in the South for union or disunion." The author is a states- rights southerner and writes from that standpoint. The review of Randolph's Life of Jefferson is a de- tailed survey in 130 pages of Jelferson's political career. It is discriminating, and notes the defects in Jefferson's character. D. R. D. Cobbett, William. Porcupine's works : a faithful picture of the United States of America, their governments, laws, politics and resources, 1783-1801. London: Cobbett. 1801. 12v. [1607 Of importance to the historian of the early politics of the United States. The volumes include Cobbett's accounts of contemporary events, and controversial articles on the men and measures of the day. At the time of writing Cobbett hated the United States ; de- spised the men and principles of the Revolution, and delighted especially in assaulting the anti-Federalists. He was the most able and scurrilous pamphleteer in the country ; an imi>udent slanderer, extremely pre- judiced and intemperate, and master of a vigorous, cutting style. R. C. H. C. A year's residence in the United States of America (1817-18). London : Sherwood. 1818-19. 3 pts. [1608 The year consisted of ten months in Long Island and two in Eastern Pennsylvania, and was spent in farming. Cobbett wrote with the particular object of describing the United States as a country for farm- ers, giving, however, some space to customs, manners, political and religious institutions. The third part of 155 1609-1619 THE UNITED STATES his book contains Hulme's Journal of a tour in tlie West (Ohio, Indiana and Illinois), and a criticism of Birkbeck's }f'ritinffs on America. Cobbett was a shrewd observer, and wrote in a far better temper and more judicial mood than was common with him. R. C. H. C. — Smith, Edward. "William Cobbett: a biography. London : Low. 1878. 2v. [1609 A study from the sources of the career of Cobbett. Written from a .symjjathetic standpoint. Style clear and readable. Vol. I contains Cobbett's American experiences. E. C. Coe, Charles H. Red patriots: the story of the Sominoles. Cin. : Editor Pub. Co. 1898. 81.50. [1 610 A history of the Seminole Indians of Florida, and their contests with the encroaching white man. The author was for some time a resident of Florida, and in his researches became convinced that the " wronged and despised Seminole fought in no less sacred a cause than did our forefathers in the days of '7C." The charge that the Luliaus held slaves is denied. Authorities are given. An extensive bibliography and a list of forts erected in Florida during the war are added. E. E. S. Coffin, Charles Carleton. Building the nation ; from the Revolution to the beginning of the war between the states. N. Y. : Har- per. 1883. S3. [161 1 A very popular relation of events between 1783 and I860, to show the expansion of territory, spread of civ- ilization, changes in social life, and the frnits of art and invention. Political and constitutional elements minimized. Jleagre evidences of investigation. Purely narrative, without deductions or conclusions. The peculiar value of the book is in the large number of reproductions and facsimiles of old pictures and docu- ments. E. E. S. Cooper, Thomas. Consolidation : an ac- count of parties from 1787. 2d ed. Columbia, S. C. 1830. [1612 An " ultra southern view " of states-rights. Justin Winsor, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 7 : 323. Davis, John. Travels of four years and a half in the United States, 1798-1802. London. 1803. [1613 " A visitor whose narrow means obliged him often to travel on foot and rely on casual hospitality, and whose acquirements enabled him to subsist as a tutor in a southern family, for several months, would chal- lenge our respect for his indejjendencc and self-reli- ance, were it not for an egotistical claim to the rank of a practical and philosophical traveller, which ob- tnules itself on every page of his journal. Some de- scriptive sketches, however, atone for the amiable weakness of John Davis, whose record includes the period between 1798 and 1802, during which he roamed over many sections of the country, and observed vari- ous phases of .\merican life." H. T. Tuckerman, America and her commentators, p. 200. Dvvight, Theodore. History of the Hart- ford Convention. N. Y. : "White. 1833. [1614 A dull narrative of the political events and condi- tions which bred the Hartford Convention of 1814-15. The report of the convention is the only feature of the book of permanent interest. W. MacD. Dwight, Timothy. Travels in New-Eng- land and New-York. New Haven. 1821-2. 4v. [1615 These volumes contain accounts of seven journeys in New England and of six in New York made in the years 17'.>G-1815. I'resident Dwight was a careful and intelligent observer of the people and their cus- toms, as well as of the scenery and the phenomena of nature. The narratives of these journeys were com- posed from notes taken at the time, and present a comi)Iete and trustworthy picture of New England and Xew York one hundred years ago. In the fourth volume President Dwight reviews in detail the learn- ing, morals, and religion of New England and the characteristics of the people. As a whole, Dwight's Travels ranks among the most valuable of its class of historical sources. E. G. B. Fiske, John. Critical period of American history, 1783-89. Boston: Houghton. 1888. §2. ^ [1616 The " critical period " is the period from 1783 to 1789. The work thus follows, in point of time, the same author's American Revolution (sfict.\Z\b). The state of the coimtry at the close of the war with Great Britain, the development of the states and the west- ward expansion, the imperfect working and gradual breakdown of the Articles of Confederation, and the formation and adoption of the Constitution are the topics treated. The work has the clearness and liter- ary grace which characterize all the author's writings, and while not an exhaustive histon- of the time, is the best comprehensive account of the period. W. INIacD. Ford, Worthington Chauncey, cd. The United States and Spain in 1790: an episode in diplomacy ; with an introd. See Historical Printing Club, sect. 273. [1617 Gallatin, Albert. "Writings ; ed. by Henry Adams. Phil. : Lippincott. 1879. 3v. [1618 This collection is of primary importance to the stu- dent of the early political, economic and linancial history of the United States. The correspondence throws nmch light upon the administrations of Jeffer- son and Madison ; and to a less extent upon those of Monroe and Aflams. Vol. 3 contains a speech made during the Whiskey Rebellion, a sketch of the finances of the t'nited States in 179G, two essays on finance and banking in the United States (1830 and 1841), and dis- cussions on the Oregon question and the peace with Mexico. The editor's work is most thorough. R. C. H. C. — Adams, Henry. Life of Albert Gallatin. Phil. : Lippincott. 1879. [1619 This biography was published in the same year that the author issued his edition of the writings of Galla- 156 PERIOD OF FEDERAL UNION AND CONSOLIDATION, 1783-1828 1620-1628 tin in three large volumes. Mr. Adams had unusual access to the private papers left by Gallatin, and adds much from the government archives not hitherto pub- lished. Several series of letters written to party lead- ers have also been rescued. As Gallatin's papers are fairly voluminous, the volume forms an important original source of history. Particularly is this so in the politics of Jefferson's and Madison's administra- tions. The typography and mechanical execution of the volume are defective and do not do justice to the editing, which is sound. The reader is obliged to be watchful to distinguish between Gallatin's writing and that of Mr. Adams. It is too large a biography for the reader with limited time — Stevens' being pre- ferable ; but for the special student it is indispensa- ble. D. R. D. — Stevens, John Austin. Albert Galla- tin. (American statesmen.) Boston: Hough- ton. 1884. §1.25. [1620 This is an excellent volume in the American states- men series. It is clear and well arranged, although the division into chapters is not strictly chrono- logical. The author by inheritance and occupation was well equipped to describe the life of a public financier. While admiration is expressed for Galla- tin, there is no eulogy. The volume serves as a polit- ical histoi-y of the United States, 1790-1816. Chapter 6, devoted to Gallatin's administration of the Trea- sury, is a useful monograph on the financial history of the period. D. R. D. Gerry, Elbridge. Austin, James Treco- THiCK. Life of Elbridge Geiry. Boston: Wells. • 1828-9. 2v. [1621 The life of one of the most prominent Anti-Feder- alist party leaders (1744-1814), by his son-in-law, also a pronounced Anti-Federalist. Its value is due chiefly to the great number of contemporary letters embod- ied in it. It is marked by a fairly judicial temper, in spite of the author's relationship ; and also by care in preparation. It contains one portrait, one facsimile and no index. It is not a book for the general reader. W. E. F. Goodrich, Samuel Griswold (Peter Par- ley, pseud.). Recollections of a lifetime. N. Y. 1851. 2v. [1622 The author, Peter Parley, describes the " homely country life in which I was born and bred." His birth was in 1793, and he lived in Ridgefleld, Conn., until 1808. Of interest is the description of household customs, domestic habits, food, clothing, furniture, travelling, school-teaching, and religious opinion. He lived in Hartford, Conn., during the war of 1812, and gives interesting notes in regard to the Hartford Convention. In 182G, he removed to Boston, and en- gaged in literarj' work. One chapter is devoted to reminiscences of "Washington life. D. R. D. Hall, Capt. Basil. Travels in North Amer- ica in the years 1827-28. Edin.: Cadell. 1829. 3v. • [1623 " Captain Hall has not only punctiliously abstained from offensive personalities, but he professes through- out, and, we doubt not, sincerely, a great degree of personal good will and kind feeling toward the Amer- icans, with whom he became acquainted on his tour." The tone of his book, however, is far from cordial. " With a few insulated exceptions, nothing is well ; the whole system and spirit are bad. Captain Hall seems to have had a misgiving that the extent and accuracy of his observation would be questioned ; and is constantly trying to be beforehand with his answer, by insinuating the unreasonableness of the Americans in exacting unqualified praise." His ob- servations are strangely inaccurate, and he has a pas- sion for generalizing from single facts, often ill understood. His style " errs in the extreme of plain- ness. It is frequently slovenly, and still more fre- quently incorrect." E. Everett, in Korth American revieiv, 29 : 522. Hamilton, Alexander. Complete works ; ed. by Henry Cabot Lodge. N. Y. : Putnam. 1885-86. 9v. ^ [1624 This is the most extensive edition of Hamilton's writings. It includes the Federalist eliminated from J. C. Hamilton's edition, and all letters to Hamilton with one or two exceptions. Only a small number of Hamilton's writings have been omitted, such as revenue circulars, statements of accounts, etc., and a list of these is given in vol. 9. There is also included the Reynolds pamphlet, vol. G. The writings with the exception of the private correspondence are arranged by subjects. There are but few notes, for the editor believes that " Hamilton is not a writer who requires much annotation." The mechanical execution of this edition is exceptionally fine. Volumes 2 and 3 are de- voted to finance and volume 8 contains the general index. D. R. D. — Ford, Paul Leicester, cornp. Biblio- graphy. See Historical Printing Club, sect. 272. [1625 — Hamilton, John Church. Life of Alex- ander Hamilton, by his son. N. Y. : Apple- ton. 1834-40. 2v. [1626 This is the unfinished life of Hamilton by his son. It closes abmptly with the adjournment of the Fed- eral Convention in 1787. The material was largely used in the author's History of the rejniblic of the United States (1857), which see, sect. 1G30, beyond. E. E. S. — Lodge, Henry Cabot. Alexander Ham- ilton. (American statesmen.) Boston : Hough- ton. 1882. $1.25. [1627 A biography of fascinating interest. Mr. Lodge has been exceptionally successful in this work in bring- ing into strong relief the salient features of Ham- ilton's character and work. The author, although strongly in sympathy with Hamilton's political posi- tion, maintains a more temperate and judicial atti- tude than he does in some of his later writings. Few books are so well adapted as this life of Hamilton to kindle an intelligent interest in American history. E. G. B. — Morse, John Torrey, Jr. Life of Alex- ander Hamilton. Boston : Little. 1870. 2v. $4.50. [1628 157 1629-1635 THE UNITED STATES This book presents what is probably one of the fair- est views of Hamilton that has yet appeared ; the writer's appreciation and praise of the Federalist leader, while hearty, are, in general, discriminating and not excessive ; but in the account of the Adams- Hamilton quarrel, Mr. .Al.trse seems not fully consid- erate towards Adams, and quite unduly charitable towards Hamilton and the secretaries who conspired with Hamilton against the President. Many will reject as untrue the decidedly sinister portrait of Jefferson. As a whole the book is more successful in portraying Hamilton than his atlversaries. A. D. M. — Sumner, Williaji Gkaham. Alexander Hamilton. (Makers of America.) N. Y. : Dodd. 1890. $1. . [1629 This volume is not strictly a biography, but is " un- dertaken to show how, and in what sense, Alexander Hamilton was one of the makers of this American state." It is in no sense a summary of other biogra- phies, but is an independent and vigorous study, in which the author makes no attempt to conceal his own political and economic philosophy. The special merit of the work is that Hamilton is brought into close relationship with the circumstances and forces of his time. Hamilton is considered as a hero in the contest with anarchy and repudiation at the end of the last century. A hundred pages are devoted to an exposition of the defects and faults of American public life between 1705 and 1780. Unfortunately there is not suflRcient care given to portray the ster- ling qualities of the American people at that time. The author makes a special and original study of Hamilton's opinions on financial matters, and believes that his attainments in this domain have been greatly exaggerated. This work is more critical and scholarly than the biography by Lodge. The reader must, how- ever, note that Prof. Sumner, in making judgments, is apt to impose present standards upon a more imma- ture past. D. R. D. Hamilton, James Alexander. Reminis- cences; or Men and events during three quar- ters of a century. N. Y.: Scribuer. 1869. [1630 This volume contains original material useful for the study of national affairs from 1800 to 18(JG, particu- larly dealing with Alexander Hamilton's party affili- ations and Jackson's administration, and to a less extent with the administrations of Harrison and Lincoln. It includes many letters to and from prom- inent politicians. Hamilton participated actively in some of the measures of Jackson's presidency, but neglects U> speak fully of the Jackson-Calhoun quar- rel, which he was instrumental in preciiiitating. Much si)ace is given to foreign experiences. The book is chaotic in constructi<»n, and Hamilton shows excusable prejudice against his fathci's oiiponents and all secession movements. R. C H. C. Hamilton, John Church. History of the re- public of tlie United States, as traced in the writ- ings of Alexander Hamilton and of his contem- poraries. N. Y. Ai)i)l('ton. 1857-64. 7v. 4th ed. Boston: Houghton. 1879. 7v. [1631 " This work was sharply attacked for its criticisms of Jefferson, the Adamses, IMadison, and Joseph Reed, and [the author] gave much offence by his in- ordinate claims for Hamilton's having been the author of a large number of Washington's letters, which he wrote as secretary. He says that he found over a thousand of such letters in Hamilton's hand- writing. In the i)reface to his second volume he at- temi)ted a defence of his claims for them to have been Hamilton's proper work. The book is, nevertheless, the essential storehouse for the student of Hamil- ton." Justin Winsor, in Narrative and critical hist of Am., 1 : 307. Hamilton Club. New York. This club was organized in 1865 and has published : [1632 The life of Alexander Hamilton, by John Williams (Anthony Pasquin). — Observations on certain docu- ments in " The history of the United States for 1796," by Alexander Hamilton. — The Hamiltoniad, by John Williams (Anthony Pasquin). — Letters to Alexander Hamilton, king of the Feds. Hart, Albert Bushnell. Formation of the Union, 1750-1829. (Epochs of Am. history.) N. Y. : Longmans. 1893. Rev. ed. 1897. $1.25. [1633 An admirably constructed book, well provided with maps and classitied lists of books for further reading. The narrative is confined mainly to political history, only brief attention being given to the militai'y events. The treatment is scientific and devoid of partisan bias, and in the choice and presentation of the subject-mat- ter is abreast of the best scholarship of the day. E. G. B. Hazen, Charles Downer, Contemporary American opinion of the French Revolution. (Johns Hopkins Univ. studies, extra v. 16.) Bait. 1897. §2. [1634 The scattered opinionsof Americansupon the French Revolution are here conscientiously brought together. The sources have been carefully explored. The com- ment on the extracts given and the conclusion drawn therefrom are scholarly, just and accurate. One not- able service rendered is the clear evidence given of the powerful influence of the Revolution upon the forma- tion of American parties, and upon American polit- ical and social ideas. R. C. H. G. Ingersoll, Charles Jared. Meigs, William M. Life of Charles Jared Ingersoll; by his grandson. Phil.: Lippincott. 1897. §1.50. [1635 Written from Ingersoll's papers, and of value in relation to politics from 1812 to 1850. Ingersoll was a Philadelphia lawyer, a Democrat who supported the war of 1S12, Jackson's attack on the Bank, the .Mexi- can war and southern interests. The events of his life are here "presented in a satisfactory manner, with accuracy, in judicious proportion and in a jdeasant and correct style. K. C H. C. Jackson, Andrew. Pauton, James. Gen- 158 PERIOD OF FEDERAL UNION AND CONSOLIDATION, 1783-1828 1636-1645 eral Jackson. (Great commanders.) N. Y. : Appleton. 1893. $1.50. [1636 "In accordance with the plan of the series, Jack- son's military career is here given with all the fulness that could be desired. . . . The author's criticism of Jackson's faults, both personal and political, is frank and explicit. . . . His political career is briefly given, but the outline is a distinct one, and while the voliune professedly deals with his military life as its principal topic, it is quite likely to be found sufficiently full in other respects to become the popular biography of a remarkable and picturesque character." Nation, 56: 427. — Reid, John, and John Henky Eaton. Life of Andrew Jackson. Phil. 1817. 1824. [1637 "The first four chapters, carrying the narrative partly through the Creek war, were written by Major John Reid, IT. S. A., who was an eye-witness of the events related." J. R. Soley, in Narrative and crit- ical hist, of Am., 7: 436. — (Works relating to Jackson are mostly placed in the next following period.) Jay, John, chief -justice. Correspondence and public papers ; ed. by Henry P. Johnston. N. Y. : Putnam. 1890-93. 4v. $20. [1638 It is doubtful if the reader will get a better idea of the character and services of Jay from these volmnes than from the biographies mentioned below. The editor has, naturally, not sought to give in his own words any account of Jay's career, but has confined his editorial work to selecting material and adding occasional notes to disclose the circumstances under which letters or documents were written. The books are useful to the specialist, inasmuch as they contain a greater amount of original material from the Jay manuscripts than can be found elsewhere in print; but unfortunately they do not include everything which an investigator would hope to find. A. C. McL. — Jay, William. Life of John Jay, with selections from his correspondence and miscel- laneous papers. N. Y. : Harper. 1833. 2v. [1639 As unprejudiced as a son's life of his father is likely to be. The Life occupies Vol. 1. It is composed of letters patched together with what are scarcely more than editorial notes. Vol. 2 is devoted to " miscella- neous correspondence." The original papers con- tained in this work give it great value to the close student. E. C. — Pellew, George. John Jay. (Ameri- can statesmen.) Boston: Houghton. 1890. $1.25. [1640 A thoughtful and judicious account of the life of one of the best and ablest of the old Federalist states- men. Although not so interesting as some of the other volumes in the series to which it belongs, it is far from dull. It abounds in excerpts from Jay's cor- respondence, and gives an unusually clear picture of the Revolutionary period and the two succeeding de- cades. The author was able to use some material to which others do not seem to have had access, and this volume is therefore the most satisfactorj- life of Jay that has been published. A. C. McL. — Whitelock, William. Life and times of John Jay. N. Y. : Dodd. 1887. [1641 An historical sketch of the history of the United States during the years 1774 to 1800, with Jay as the central figure. Based on the ordinary materials. Very favorable to Jay. Style clear and readable. E. C. Jefferson, Thomas. (See preceding period, sect. 1373-1382.) Journal of a treaty with the Indians, 1793. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 301. [1642 Kendall, Edward Augustus. Travels through the northern parts of the United States, 1807-8. N.Y.: Riley. 1809. 3v. [1643 " No previous work on this country so fully explains the state polity and organization of New England, and the social facts connected therewith. . . . He ana- lyzes the municipal system and the social develop- ment with so much knowledge and fairness, that the political and economical student will find more data and detail in his work than, at that period, were else- where obtainable. It still serves as an authentic me- morial of the region of country described at that transition era." H. T. Tuckerman, America and her commentators, p. 206. Kent, James. Kent, William. Memoirs and letters of James Kent. Boston: Little. 1898. $2.50. [1644 "Kent's Life has never before been written. His son. Judge William Kent, was to have brought it out, but died, leaving some materials which his great- grandson has now put together in an agreeable sketch. . . . During his judicial career his greatness never seems to have been questioned by his contemporaries. They saw that he was a great judge ; we see that he was a legal giant. . . . But when we read his life, and perceive his simplicity and modesty, and his unfailing refusal to trust to anything but industi-y and minute accuracy and research, we feel that, wonderful as his powers were, he earned his fame by labor as unusual, and hence the record of his achievements inspires in us, as it did in his contemporaries, less envj- than a sort of affectionate veneration." Nation, Aug. 4, 1898. King, Rufus. King, Charles R., ed. Life and correspondence of Rufus King. N. Y. : Putnam. 1894-1900. 6 v. $30. [1645 A valuable contribution to American political his- tory. Concerns the later sessions of the Continental Congress, the formation and adoption of the Federal Constitution, the first United States Senate, the Jay treaty, and especially relations vrith England from 1796 to 1803. Also embraces the admission of Missouri and many political questions to 1827. Many of the letters have been unpublished hitherto. Very worthy editing, giving only absolutely necessary explanations and connection. E. E. S. 159 1646-1652 THE UNITED STATES Lafayette, Marie Jean Paul Roch Yves Gilbert de Motier, inarquis de. Levas- 8EUR, A. Lafayette in America in 1824 and 1825; or Journal of Travels in the United States. N.Y.: White. 1829. 2v. [1646 A detailed account of Lafayette's visit to the U. S., ■written by his private secretary, who accomi)anied him. Contains not only a history of all the general's movements, but also many descriptive, historical and statistical notes concerning the U. S. of that day. La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Francois Alexandre Frederic, due de. Travels through the United States, the country of the Iroquois and Upper Canada, 1795-7. London. 1799. 2v. [1647 " Tliere is little of novel information to an American reader in his voluminous work, except the record of local features and social facts, which are now alto- gether things of the past ; yet the fairness and minute knowledge displayed account for the value and inter- est attached to this work for many years after its appearance. ... He occupied himself chiefly with economical investigations, especially those connected with agriculture. . . . The Duke was a philosophical traveller, content to journey on horseback, making him.self as nuich at home with the laborer at the way- side as with the gentleman of the manor ; and seek- ing information with frankness and patience wher- ever and however it could be properly acquired." H. T. Tuckerman, America and her commentators, p. 94. An original source of the first class for American history at the clo.se of the 18th century. Full of keen, fair-minded observation regarding every variety of detail of life in America as this exiled French noble- man found it, told in a readable style, not without an occasional touch of humor. An 18th centui-y anticipa- tion of Bryce's American com,monwealth. H. W. H. Livingston, Edward. Hunt, Charles Havens. Life of Edward Livingston ; with introd. by George Bancroft. N. Y.: Apple- ton. 1864. [1648 Edward Livingston was a member of the New York state bar in the last part of the ISth century and the first of the 19th, a member of Congress from 1794 to 1800, and for a brief i)eriod after that, mayor of New York. He then removed to New Orleans, where he followed his j)rofession for many years, until, in 1822, he was once more elected to the House of Representatives, ■where he served for six years. He was then elected senator and became secretary of state under I'rcsident Jackson. In 1832 he was apjiointed minister to France. Livingston's life is of special interest because of his preparation of a penal code for Louisiana which gave him great reputation, not only in this country but in Europe. He was also closely identified with President Jackson's administration, and, it is generally under- stood, had much to do with the preparation of Jack- son's important pajxrs. The biography is clear, though not particularly interesting. The editor had access to all of the papers left by Mr. Livingston at his death. D. R. D. Lyman, Theodore. Diplomacy of the United States, 177b^l814. Boston : Wells. 1826. [1649 Another edition in 1828 brings the storj- do^vn to 182G. Arranged by treaties and countries — not chro- nologically. Good table of contents, but no index. A creditable work when published. Now out of date. E. C. Maclay, William. Sketches of debate in the tirst Senate of the United States, 1789-91 ; ed. by George W. Harris. Harrisburg. [c. 1880.] N. Y. : Brown. 1882. [Same, enl.] Journal, 1789-91 ; ed. by Edgar S. Maclay. N. Y. : Appleton. 1890. §2.25. [1650 The only continuous and detailed account of the de- bates in the Senate during the first Congress. Maclay was the leader of the opposition to the Federalist pro- gramme, and his diary reveals without restraint the temper and motives of that opposition. His anti- Federalist feeling was so strong as to make him cred- ulous of every evil report of the party in power. Con- sequently his narrative is to be used with critical caution. There are many interesting glimpses of New Y'ork social life in 1789-91. E. G. B. Madison, Mrs. Dorothy (Payne). i\Iemoirs and letters of Dolly Madison. Boston : Hough- ton. 1886. $1.25. [1651 Letters written by the -wife of the fourth president, a bright intelligent woman who took a lively interest in what was passing about her. All of them are sprightly and entertaining ; some of them give valu- able accounts of important historical events. Short narrative statements by the editor serve to connect the letters and to explain their allusions. A. C. McL. Madison, James. Letters and other writ- ings. Phil. : Lippiucott. 1865. 4v. Papers : being his correspondence and reports of debates during the Congress of the Confederation, and his reports of debates in the Federal Convention ; pub. under the superin- tendence of Henry D. Gilpin. Wash.: Lang- tree. 1840. 3v. N. Y. 1841. 3v. [1652 A new and complete edition of Madison's letters and works is announced under the editorshij) of Gail- lard Hunt. The letters in Gilpin's Afadisoii, pajKrs relate to the years 1782-1787, while the correspcmdence in the Letters extends over the years 17G9-1836 and constitutes an invaluable source of historical know- ledge, especially for the period of ISIadison's i)olitical service. The Writimts include Madison's constitu- tional papers, except the contributions to The Feder- alist. Of the material besides letters in Gilpin's col- lection, the debates of the Congress of the Confedera- tion are especially to be noted, as they have not been reprinted elsewhere, as the debates of the Federal Convention have been. E. G. B. — Adams, John Quincy. Lives of James 160 PERIOD OF FEDERAL UNION AND CONSOLIDATION, 1783-1828 1653-1660 Madison and James Monroe, with historical notices of their administrations. Buifalo. 1850. [1653 Eulogies rather than critical bit)graphies, but valu- able as the estimates of the character and services of these statesmen made by a contemijorary who knew them well and who had himself taken a large part in the events whereof he writes. They were written to be delivered as public addresses, and are somewhat formal in style and oratorical in method. A. C. McL. Adams places a high estimate on the character and public services of both Monroe and Madison, antici- pating in this the judgment of the most recent writ- ers. Of great value, too, is the distinguished author's luminous interpretation of that long and important period of American history in which Madison and Monroe lived and acted. A. D. M. — Gay, Sydney Howard. James Madison. (American statesmen.) Boston: Houghton. 1884. §1.25. [1654 Viewed from a Federalist (and later non-" states- rights ") standpoint. Severe, if not unsjanpathetic. The author thinks Madison possessed of great powers in ordinary affairs, but lacking purpose in crises ; de- plores his defection from the Hamiltonians; belittles the War of 1812, and sustains the attitude of New England. Nevertheless it is the best brief biography of Madison extant. Especially full on the origin of the Federal Convention. E. E. S. — Rives, William Cabell. History of the life and times of James Madison. Boston: Little. 1859-68. 3v. [1655 This work was intended to form 4 vols., but, on account of the death of Mr. Rives, only three were completed. The author was a long-time and intimate acquaintance of Madison and had access to all the manuscript material. It is therefore a contribution which will always have value, although it is to be hoped that it will some time be superseded by a more complete life, giving perhaps more of life and less of times. E. C. R. Mansfield, Edward Deering. Personal memories, with sketches of many noted people, 1803-43. Cin.: Clarke. 1879. $1.50. [1656 Mr. Mansfield was educated at West Point and in Connecticut. In 1825 he moved to Ohio to practice law. The early chapters are devoted to life as cadet at West Point in 1815 ; to reminiscences of Princeton, 1820 ; and life at Litchfield, Conn., in attendance upon the law school. His father was a professor at West Point, 1814-1820, where the young man enjoyed the opportunities of the best society, and the book gives many anecdotes and speeches of men of note, both in science and politics. There is considerable informa- tion in regard to the early condition of scientific learn- ing in this counti-y. There are sketches of Ohio soci- ety, theatres, and of famous western characters as Clay and Corwin. There is no index. There are many slips in spelling and in dates. There is not very much absolutely new in the book for the general reader. D. R. D, Marshall, John. Magruder, Allan B. John Marshall. (American statesmen.) Bos- ton: Houghton. 1885. $1.25. [1657 " Only a month previous to the inauguration of Mr. Jefl'erson, Mr. Marshall, then Secretary of State and a pronounced Federalist, became Chief-Justice ; and during his long leadership the current of decision was distinctively upon the Federal line of governmental theory," that the Constitution should receive a lati- tudinarian construction, and that the Government should be made as powerful in the internal adminis- tration of the whole country as in the management of its foreign alf airs. " This book presents in a succinct and compendious form the life and character of this eminent man and the elements which went to make up his greatness. We see him in the discharge of all the duties of exalted office and in the walks of private life, and the author is particularly felicitous in the representation of his buoyancy of spirits, his kind and playful temperament, the zest with which he enjoyed the pleasures of the table or the club. Numerous per- sonal incidents are narrated in illustration of the sim- plicity of his character." Melville W. Fuller, in Dial (Chicago), 9 : 128. Mason, George. Rowland, Kate Mason. Life of George Mason, 1725-92 ; including his speeches, public papers and correspondence. N. Y. : Putnam. 1892. 2v. $8. [1658 The biography of an eminent Virginian, by one of his descendants. The work is the result of great in- dustry, of access to the necessary materials, and of constant efforts to secure accuracy, but is not so strong in judicious selection and sense of proportion. Ma- son's individuality would have made the book of much interest to a wider circle of readers if it could have been condensed within briefer limits. The work has an index, a portrait, and one facsimile. Scarcely a book for the general reader. W. E. F. Minot, George Richards. History of the insurrection in Massachusetts in 1786, and the rebellion consequent thereon. Worcester. 1788. 2ded. Boston: Burdett. 1810. [1659 In this work one finds an analysis of the causes and circumstances of Shays' rebellion in Massachusetts. Judge Minot was well known to his contemporaries as a participant in the political events of his time, and as the author, not only of the work in question, but also of a continiiation of Hutchinson's His/on/ of Massach7(setts Bay. Although his sympathies are unmistakably with the Commonwealth, the History of the insiirrcction is written on the whole in a digni- fied and temperate spirit. It contains many docu- ments illustrative of the text, and shows the author's familiarity with the views of the leading men of the time. C. M. A. Monroe, James. Writings, including a col- lection of his public and private papers and correspondence, now for the first time printed ; ed. by Stanislaus Murray Hamilton. N. Y. : Putnam. 1898- 4v.-f. $5 ea. subs. (To be 7v.) [1660 161 1661-1668 THE UNITED STATES " No collection of the writings of Monroe untU now had ever appeared. . . . The reproach, whatever the cause may have been, is about to be removed ; we have the first two volumes of an edition of Jlonroe that promises to be all that our historical scholars and pub- lic men could reasonably expect. The materials to draw upon, the editor thus describes: 'Monroe has left material in the shape of notes, together with a large collection of letters from and to the most distin- guished men of this and other countries. . . . The greater part of this collection was acquired by Con- gress from Monroe's heirs, under an approi>riation of $20,000 by Act approved March 3, 1849. These manu- scripts are now deposited in the Bureau of Rolls and Library of the Department of State, handsomely mounted and bound and calendared ; others are in our greater libraries and familiar archives, and many yet remain in the hands of individual owners. From the greater collection this edition is substantially drawn, but generous and cordial responses from other sources have enabled me to include many of the scat- tered papers.' " B. A. Hinsdale, in Dial (Chicago), 26: 333. View of the conduct of the Executive in the foreign affairs of the United States con- nected with the mission to the French repub- lic, 1794-6. Phil. : Bache. 1797. [i66i An attack on Washington's management of foreign affairs. Gives Monroe's account of his diplomatic mission in France in 1705-6. It reveals the man's mediocrity ; and convicts him of the offences charged against him by his enemies. It is an ill-written per- formance ; little skill and less judgment are apparent, and the whole is decidedly unfair and ill tempered. The appendix contains many useful documents, and gives Monroe's letters expressing his opinions of the state of France in 1795-6. R. C. H. C. — GiLM.\N, Daniel Coit. James Monroe. (American statesmen.) Boston: Houghton. 1883. SI. 25. [1662 A short and simple account of the most important events in Monroe's life. When the book was written the Monroe manuscripts at Washington, while not in- accessible, were not easily handled : they are now be- ing printed in large part. Although the author used these materials, he was far, he tells us in his preface, " from having exhausted these rich mines." The pub- lication of these papers may show the desirability of a more extended biography ; but probably the gen- eral judfrments of this book will not be overthrown. A thorough bibliography of Monroe and the ^lonroe doctrine materially adds to the value of the volume. A. C. McL. Morris, Gouverneur. Diary and letters; ed. by Anne Gary Morris. N. Y. : Scribner. 1888. 2v. $7.50. [1663 The diary was used to some extent in Sparks's Life of Aforris (see below, sect. 1665), but here it is given almost entire and unmodified. It begins with Mor- ris's arrival in France, and its constant use by writ- ers upon the French Revolution attests its value. The later letters have reference to American politics and public life to 1815. The editing in these volumes Is most judicious, limiting the comments to a simple framework for the diary and letters. E. E. S. — Roosevelt, Theodore. Gouverneur Morris. (American statesmen.) Boston : Hough- ton. 1888. $1.25. [1664 Everj'thing which Mr. Roosevelt writes has a certain dash and spirit, and in the portrayal of this energetic and brilliant statesman he found a congenial task. Occasionally the author indulges in flipjiant com- ments, or in exaggerated praise or blame ; but on the whole his method and temper are commendable. The life of Morris in Paris during the days of the French Revoluti(m is entertainingly described. Extracts from the writings of Morris, who was a master of good Eng- lish, add charm and interest to the book. A. C. McL. — Sparks, Jared. Life of Gouverneur Morris. Boston. 1832. 3v. [1665 The early standard life of Morris. The first volume contains a biography into which are woven extracts from his corresi)ondence and diarj', conscientiously expurgated and revised according to the Sparks method. The remaining volumes contain Morris's correspondence, miscellaneous writings and addresses. This work has been supplanted to a certain extent as a biography by Roosevelt's Morris (see above), and the diary and later letters have been printed with fewer alterations by Anne C. Morris (see above, sect. 1663). E. E. S. Noah, Mordecai Manuel. Travels in Eng- land, France, Spain and the Barbary states, 1813-15. K Y. 1819. [1666 " Col. M. M. Noah was consul of the U. S. at Tunis during the Algerine war, and his TraveJsin England, France, Spain and the Barbary states gives a minute picture of the condition of the affairs at this time in northern Africa, and recounts fully the circumstances of Decatur's negotiations at Tunis." Justin Winsor, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 7: 438. Palmer, T. H., ed. Historical register of . the United States, 1812-14. Phil. 1814-16. 4v. [1667 The purpose of the publication was to give a detailed account of proceedings of Congress beginning with the second session of the 12th Congress. This is pre- sented in chronological onler with no classification of topics. Reprints of important state papers are added. The last three volumes deal particularly with the War of 1812. Save as a slight index of contempo- rary judgment and weight given to current events, the work is of little value to the student to-day. D. R. D. Paulding, James Kirke. Letters from the Soutli. N. Y.: Eastburn. 1817. 2v. [1668 A charming account of an excursion made into Vir- ginia, in the summer of 1816. with bright, refreshing descriptions of the country and the people. The open- ing letter contains the confession: "The first thing that strikes a northern man, who flounders into Vir- ginia, or either of the more southern states, loaded with a pack of prejudices larger than a pedler's, is, 162 PERIOD OF FEDERAL UNION AND CONSOLIDATION, 1783-1828 1669-1679 that he has all his life long been under a very mis- taken notion of their manners." The last letter closes with the genial conviction, that sounds like a heart- ening benediction across the lapse of time : " I am sat- isfied that nothing but ignorance of each other causes those stupid misconceptions, unfounded aspersions, and ridiculous antipathies, that still subsist between the different sections of the country." G. K. Perkins, Samuel. Historical sketches of the United States, from the peace of 1815 to 1830. N. Y. : Converse. 1830. [1669 A continuation of Perkins's History of the late war [of 1812]. An accurate and painstaking chronicle of the Era of Good Feeling by the hand of a contempo- rary. Dull but useful. E. C. Philadelphia. Committee of defence of PJdla- delpJdn, 1814-15. Minutes. See Pennsylvania, Historical Society of, sect. 377. [1670 Pickering, Timothy. Pickering, Octa- vrus, and Charles W. Upham. Life of Timothy Pickering. Boston : Little. 1867- 73. 4v. [1671 This work covers Pickering's career as a student of Harvard College, officer in the Revolution, Post- master-General, Secretary of State, Chief-Justice of Massachusetts, Senator, Representative. It is very full of the best historical material. Begun by his son and finished by Mr. Upham, it is competently and sympathetically written. E. C. R. Pickering papers. Historical index to the Pickering papers. See Massachusetts Histor- ical Society, sect. 319. [1672 Pinckney, General Thomas. Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth. Life of General Thomas Pinckney ; by his grandson. Boston : Houghton. 1895. $1.50. [1673 " Thomas Pinckney . . . was born in 1750, and his death in 1828 closed a career characterized by ability, discretion, and a high ideal of political duty. He served as an officer in the Revolution, and as a gen- eral in the AV^ar of 1812. He was Governor of South Carolina from 1787 to 1789, and presided over the con- vention which ratified the Federal Constitution. He was, for four years, American Minister to Great Brit- ain, was the Federalist candidate for Vice-President in 1796, and served two terms as a member of Con- gress. He also performed the important and delicate task of negotiating the treaty of 1795 with Spain. The brief biography by his grandson gives an intelligent account of Mr. Pinckney's public services, and a pleas- ing picture of his private life. In general, the vol- ume follows the beaten track, — except in its lack of an index, — and the extracts from family corre- spondence and papers do not add materially to our knowledge of the period. . . . An unpleasant feature of the book is the frequent reference to the Civil War and the note of contrast between North and South." Charles H. Haskins, in American historical review, 1: 169, Pinkney, William. Pinkney, William. Life of William Pinkney ; by his nephew. N. Y. : Appleton. 1853. [1674 " One of those overdone performances [by a nephew of the subject] that make the unsympathetic regret." Justin "Winsor, in JSTarrative and critical hist, of Am., 7: 317. — Wheaton, Henry. Some account of the life, writings, and speeches of William Pink- ney. N. Y. 1826. [1675 Part I contains the memoir, private correspondence, etc. ; Part II contains official papers and speeches, and correspondence with Madison. The memoir is well written. It was later condensed into a life for Sparks's American hioffraphij, vol. 6. E. C. Plumer, William. Plumer, William, Jr. Life of William Plumer; ed. by A. P. Pea- body. Boston: Phillips. 1856. [1676 Plumer made excellent use of his father's papers and produced a well-written, temperate and judicious biography. He presents a careful summary of the secession movement in New England, with remarks on such movements elsewhere throughout the Union. The elder Plumer was Governor of New Hampshire and Senator of the United States. Originally a Fed- eralist, he became a Republican about 1812. His pub- lic life began before the Revolution and extended to 1820. R. C. H. C. Poole, William Frederick. Anti-slavery opinions before the year 1800. Cin. : Clarke. 1887. $1.25. Pap. 75c. [1677 " Mr. William F. Poole's essay on Anti-slavery oj)in- ions before the year 1800 has been converted into a handsome book, . . . enriched by copious notes and addenda, and a facsimile reprint of Dr. George Buchanan's anti-slavery oration of 1791, of which a copy, it will be remembered, was preserved in Wash- ington's library and led to Mr. Poole's researches. In its present form this essay gives perhaps not a com- plete, but certainly a just view of the state of pub- lic opinion on the subject of slavery at the close of the last century especially at the South, among men prominent in laying the foundations of the Federal Government." Nation, \Q: 182. Porter, Commodore David. Porter, Ad- miral David Dixon. Memoir of Commodore David Porter. Albany, N. Y. : Munsell. 1875. [1678 Traces Porter's connection with the United States navy during the latter part of the Revolutionary War ; through the "French war" of 1798; the Tripolitan war, in which he was captured ; the War of 1812 ; the suppression of West India piracy ; complication with the Spanish authorities ; and resignation after a court- martial. The biography is largely a vindication of Porter and a criticism of the management of the navy. The author is a son of the subject. E. E. S. Preble, Commodore Edward. Sabine, Lo- renzo. Life of Edward Preble. (In Sparks, J., ed. Library of Am. biog., ser. 2, v. 12. Bos- ton, c. 1844.) [1679 163 1680-1688 THE UNITED ST^ " An invaluable book, by far the largest part of which is taken up with a full and satisfactoiy exami- nation of Preble's Tripoli campaign." J. R. Soley, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 7: 419. Priestley, Joseph. Letters, 1798-1800. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 339. [i68o Quincy, Josiah. 1772-1SG4. Speeches de- livered in the Congress of the United States ; ed. by Edmund Quincy. Boston : Little. 1874. Net S3. [1 68 1 Josiah Quincy was a member of the national House of Representatives from 1805 to ISl."?, i. e., from the beginning of our serious troubles with Napoleon and England to their culmination in the War of 1812. The fourteen well-edited si)eeches here presented are of great value to the student of that stormy period in American politics and party history. Of the Federal- ist leaders then serving in Congress Mr. Quincy was one of the ablest, and without question the foremost orator. His famous speech on the admission of Loui- siana, delivered in 1811, is a classic among Northern utterances in support of state sovereignty. A. D. M. — Quincy, Edmund. Life of Josiah Quincy, bv his son. Boston : Ticknor. 1867. [1682 An admirable and judicious presentation of the letters and occasional journals of a fiery and radical Federalist and a member of the " Essex junto." Cersf)na grata in societj' everywhere. Of the I'^nglish reviews of the time, some criticise the jmblication of personal matters in this work, and others praise its judgment and taste in this regard ; but all agree as to its being a faithful and interesting account of the times. E. C. R. 164 PERIOD OF FEDERAL UNION AND CONSOLIDATION, 1783-1828 1689-1697 Sargent, Nathan. Public men and events, 1817-53. Phil.: Lippincott. 1875. 2v. [1689 A superficial book, written by a "Washington news- paper correspondent, who was an "old line Whig; " presents character sketches of notable men, together with a variety of information, sometimes weighty, sometimes trivial, on political measures. The book is vividly written, is not accurate, and is decidedly though not violently partisan. R. C. H. C. Seybert, Adam. Statistical annals ; em- bracing views of the population, commerce, navigation, fisheries, public lands, post-olfice establishment, revenues, mint, military and naval establishments, expenditures, public debt and sinking fund of the United States of America ; founded on official documents, 1789- 1818. Phil.: Dobson. 1818. [1690 The title sufficiently indicates the scope and con- tents of this extremely valuable compilation. Sey- bert was thoroughly competent, and his statistics and statements are full, accurate and conveniently ar- ranged. His book is well-nigh indispensable for the student of early American financial historj'. R.C. H. C. Sherman, Roger, Boutell, Lewis Henry. Life of Roger Sherman. Chicago: McClurg. 1896. $2. [1 69 1 Prepared from the materials collected by Senator George F. Hoar. The loss of the larger part of Roger Sherman's papers has made impossible as complete a biography as has fallen to the lot of his distinguished contemporaries. Mr. Boutell's work includes all the private letters that are extant and a careful study of Roger Sherman's activity in the Federal Conven- tion. It is a painstaking and trustworthy narrative. E. G. B. Stephen, James. War in disguise ; or The frauds of the neutral flags. Lond. 1805. N. Y. 1806. [1692 Written to rouse public feeling and move the min- istry to attack American commerce. Few political tracts have had greater direct influence. Style ad- mirably suited to the purpose. E. C. Story, Joseph. Story, William W., ed. Life and letters of Joseph Story. Boston: Little. 1851. 2v. [1693 The best life of Storj-, being written by his son. Covers politics of INIassachusetts and United States from 1805 to 1811 ; the Republican party and the em- bargo. Concerns the Supreme Court of the United States from 1811 to 1848 and is valuable for many of the cases decided within that period. Gives many anecdotes of Chief-Justice Marshall and the other justices. Al.so valuable for history of Harvard Law School. Treatment biased in favor of subject. Slightly marred by intrusion of author's personality. E. E. S. Sullivan, James. Amory, Thomas Coffin. Life of James Sullivan, with selections from his writings. Boston : Phillips. 1859. 2v. [1694 Sullivan was an active politician for forty years, embracing the period of the Revolution, and was Attorney-General, judge, and twice Governor of his state. As a leader of the Jeffersonian Republicans in Massachusetts, he was the object of the frantic hate and detestation of the Federalists. Amory, his grandson, bases his life upon Sullivan's papers and letters, quoting these at great length. The extracts exhibit the principles of New England Republicanism in the clearest and best light. Amory's task is per- formed with sympathy, candor and impartiality, but he is too diffuse, shows lack of historical training and writes in a monotonous, heavy style. R. C. H. C. Sullivan, William. Familiar letters on pub- lic characters and public events, 1783-1815. Boston. 1834. Public men of the revolution. 2d ed. enl. Phil.: Carey. 1847. [1695 Sullivan was a pessimistic and irreconcilable Fed- eralist, and his work is extremely biased. It contains interesting and often accurate sketches of men and events, but frequently want of knowledge is apparent. He is particularly hostile and unfair to Jefferson, though he supports his characterization by quoting copiously from Jefferson's Writings. He develops in a clear manner and pleasant style the principles for which Federalists stood. R. C. H. C. Thomas, Ebenezer Smith. Reminiscences of the last sixty-five years. Hartford. 1840. 2v. [1696 The first volume contains a collection of sketches upon various subjects : battle of Lexington, Wash- ington, travels in the United States, biographical sketches, and descriptions of American cities. Being written from observation, the biographies possess some value, if taken with allowances. The second volume contains the author's experience as a book- seller and editor in South Carolina and Ohio from 1798 to 1840. The comments on political and social life are interesting and the style quite unique. E. E. S. Trescot, William Henry. Diplomatic his- tory of the administrations of Washington and Adams. Boston. 1857. [1697 A clear, well-proportioned narrative of American diplomacy during the critical period 1783 to 1T89, and the scarcely less critical period from 1789 to 1800. Jay's treaty and the convention made with Bonaparte in 1800, each an event of the first importance in our do- mestic politics as well as foreign relations, are treated with considerable fulness and in a judicial spirit. In- deed the writer is exceptionally temperate and fair- minded. A. D. M. United States. Congress. State papers and publick documents of the United States, from the accession of George Washington to the Presidency, exhibiting a complete view of our foreign relations since that time. 2d ed. Bos- 165 1698-1705 THE UNITED STATES ton: Wait. 1817. lOv. 3ded. Boston. 1819. 12v. [1698 Contains the most important public documents on foreign affairs from 11S9 to 1818. The folio edition of the state papers [Gales and Seaton ed.] is prefer- able to this edition, inasmuch as the former covers a l(jnger period and gives some material not to be found in these volumes. This collection is, however, convenient and useful where the folio edition is not obtainable. Probably in the great majority of in- stances, when reference is made in historical writings to the state papers, the folio edition is the one re- ferred to. A. C. McL. United States. State Department. Report of tlie Secretary of State relative to the papers on file in the Department of State concerning the unpaid claims of f?ftizens of the United States against France for spoliations prior to July 31, 1801, etc. (49th Cong., 1st sess.. Sen. ex. doc. 102.) Wash. 1886. [1699 This consists of three lists: (1) an alphabetical list of claimants against France on account of the capture of American vessels, showing the names of the vessel and master, disposition of the vessel and of the claim, etc. ; (2) an alphabetical list of the vessels, with refer- ences to the first list ; (3) a list of names incidentally mentioned in the other two lists, with references thereto. The first list indicates whether or not evi- dence exists in support of each claim. A list is also given of contemporary memoranda and official reports concerning French spoliations on file in tlie Dejiart- ment of State. F. J. S. Ward, Townsend. Insurrection of 1794 in the western counties of Pennsylvania. See Pennsylvania, Historical Society of, sect. 37o. [1700 Warden, David Baillie. A statistical, po- litical, and historical account of the United States of North America. Edin. 1819. 3v. [1701 The author of this work was Consul of the United States at Paris. His work was chiefly a compilation, but gives a good account of the coiuitry for its time. It was also jiublished in French translation. W. M. D. Warfield, Ethelbert Dudley. The Ken- tucky Resolutions of 1798. N. Y. : Putnam. 1887. 2ded. $1.25. [1702 In this study of the causes that led to the adoi)tion of the Kentucky Resolutions of 1798, President War- field has made an examination of the condition of Kentucky at the time, and reaches the conclusion that no mere chance assigned to that state the impor- tant r61e it played, but " a manifest destiny long in jire- paring." He believes that to understand Kentucky's action it is necessary to know thoroughly the history of the state, and the prevalence there of a radical deino- cratio spirit. He defends Jefferson's authorship of the Resolutions, and explains in detail the place and influ- ence of Breckenridge, who introduced them. The monograph is an admirable one, and its value is but little impaired by the author's bias toward Kentucky. C. M. A. Washington, George. B.\ker, William Spoiin. Washington after the Revolution, 1784-99. Phil. : Lippiucott. 1898. §2.50. [1703 A calendar showing the whereabouts and occupa- tion of Washington each day as gathered from his writings, correspondence, and the newspapers. The constant reference to persons and places demands a familiarity with "Washington not possessed by the average reader. To the history student the compila- tion is invaluable. The domestic life of the Washing- ton family is shown better than in any other writing, and suggestive material for investigation abounds on every page. The statement of facts is unmarred by comments. The footnotes are excellent. E. E. S. — (Works relating to Washington are mostly placed in the preceding period, sect. 1538- 1567.) Weld, Isaac. Travels through the states of North America and the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, 1795-7. London. 1799. 2v. [1704 Tlie author visited Philadelphia, Raltimore, Xew York, and many parts of I'ennsylvania, Xew Jersey, and Virginia. From New York he ascended the Hud- son to Albany and entered Canada by way of Lake Chami)lain. After remaining for several months at Montreal and Quebec he passed up the St. Lawrence and Lake Ontario to Niagara, and eventually made his way as far west as Detroit. Returning down Lake Erie to Buffalo, he visited the settlements on the Gen- esee River and went by canoe from Newtown, N. Y. (Elmira), to Wilkesbarre and thence across the moun- tains on horseback to Philadelphia. Travelling in a leisurely manner and being a careful and generally unjircjudiced observer, he produced a work of much value, which is concise and readable and remarkably accurate in detail. E. Cr. " Scarcely any contemporary writer of American travels was more quoted and popular, sixty years ago, than Isaac Weld, whom the troubles in Ireland, in '95, induced to vi.sit this country. . . .He exitatiates on the beauties of the landscape with the perception of an artist, and is one of the few early travellers who enriched his journal with authentic sketches of pic- turesinie and famous localities. The French transla- tion of Weld's Travels in America is thus illustrated." H. T. Tuckerman, America ami her commentators, p. 207. Wharton, Francis. State trials of the United States during the administrations of AVashington and Adams ; with references, his- torical and professional, and preliminary notes on the politics of the times. Phil.: Curey. 1849. 1 1705 A valuable collection of original material of consid- erable significance in our political and co7istitutional history. It includes the trial of the western insur- gents [1795] ; the impeachment of Senator Blount ; and 166 THE WAR OF 1812 1706-1714 th- plemented by Maclay's more comprehensive history. F. H. S. Cooper, James Fenimore. Battle of L;'.ke Erie; or Answers to Messrs. Burges, Duer i,nd Mackenzie. Cooperstown: Phinney. 1848. [1721 An exposition of disputed points in the battle of Lake Erie, intended not only to clear Capt. Elliott from charges reflecting ujjon his conduct, but to f'.e- fend Cooper's History of the War of 1812 agaji.-,'. many hostile critics. The manoeuvres of the .wo fleets, and e-specially of the Niagara, are given With great particularity, assisted by diagrams. Less an account of the battle than a rancorously combaiivo cross-examination of authors who had written of ' Sharp and hot-tempered, it is a revelation iif Coo 1 or at the climax of the controversial period of his cari-r. F. H. See, also, sect. 1717. Cruikshank, Lt.-Col. Ernest. Battle nf Luiidy's Lane. 8d ed., rev. Niagara Fal.-. South, Ont. : Lundy's Lane Hist. Soc. 1^/5. 25c. Battle of Queenston Heights. 2d ed. rev. Niagara Falls South, Ont.: Luntly's Lane Hist. Soc. 1891. 25c. Drummond's winter campaign, I-^IS. 2d ed. Niagara Falls South, Ont.: Lumly's Lane Hist. Soc. 1899. 15c. Fight in the beechwoods. 2d ed. Ma- gara Falls South, Ont.: Lundy's Lane Hist Soc. 1895. 25c. [1722 The most conscientious and painst.aking of sj i."*! studies, the author supplementing his patient midy 168 THE WAR OF 1812 1723-1731 of many publications by the use of important new material and by intimate knowledge of military duty and the topography of the Niagara peninsula. These and other pamphlets from Lt.-Col. Cruikshank's pen are models of dispassionate research. Although pro- British sympathies are occasionally disclosed, there is always evident a desire to recognize and state the truth. The style is engaging, seldom ornate, but al- ways natural and forceful. F. H. S. Battle-fields of the Niagara peninsula during the war, 1812-15. (In Canadian Mili- tary Institute. Transactions, 1890-1 ; also Se- lected papers. Toronto.) [1723 A lecture delivered before the Canadian Military Institute in which he deals with the history of the war in its military aspects. The accounts of the bat- tles are in the main condensations of his monographs on Qnecnston Hcigltts, Beechwoods, Fort Erie, and Lnndtfs Lane in the Lundy's Lane Hist. Soc. Col. These are based principally on documents in the Cana- dian archives, and take the British, in preference to the American, view. No previous writer has gone into the consideration of the movements with the same minuteness. J. B. See, also, note above. comp. Documentary history of the cam- paign upon the Niagara frontier in the years 1812-14 ; collected and ed. for the Lundy's Lane Historical Soc. Welland. 1897-1900. Pts. 1-4. Niagara Falls South, Ont. $3.75. [1724-5 "The despatches and reports of each side are ar- ranged chronologically, and the student is able to fol- low closely the course of events, the changing inten- tions of either side, the fears and the hopes which alternately depressed and stimulated the British and the American forces. The secrets of the respective generals are laid bare, and the deficiencies of the two armies revealed." University of Toronto, ife- vieiv of historical publications relating to Canada, 1899. The first part contains the most of the important papers to be found in the Canadian archives, relating to the conflict in 1812-14. The second part, in addition to the British despatches, contains a large number of American, taken from official and non-official publi- cations. Many letters from the papers of the Hon. P. A. Porter are, for the first time, printed, together with extracts from the report of the Loyal and Patri- otic Society of Upper Canada. The collection is in- valuable for a study of that portion of the war. J. B. Cullum, Maj.-Gen. George Washington. Campaigns of the war of 1812-15, against Great Britain, sketched and criticised ; with brief biographies of the American engineers. N. Y.: Miller. 1879. [1726 Not a minute history of the war, but studies of the chief operations in their tactical and strategical as- pects. An admirable attempt to bring out clearly the truth on many disputed points, and to bestow praise where it rightfully belongs. Especially valuable are the copious biographical data, and the Journal of the northivestern campaign of 1812-13, under Maj.-Gen. U'm. H. Harrison, by Bvt. Lt.-Col. Eleazer D. Wood, here first published. F. H. S. Decatur, Commodore Stephen. IVIackenzie, Alexander Si-iuell. Life of Stephen Deca- tur. Boston: Little. 1846. Same. (Sparks, J., ed. Library of Am. biog., ser. 2, v. 11. Boston. 1864.) [1727 Compiled from manuscript material furnished by the Decatur family and from printed matter available at the time of writing. Written in the high-flown style of the first half of the 19th century. The stan- dard memoir of Commodore Decatur. E. C. Gleig, George Robert. Narrative of the campaigns of the British army at Washington and New Orleans, 1814-15. By an officer who served in the expedition. London: Murray. 1821. Same, at Washington, Baltimore and New Orleans. Phil. : Carey. 1821. Campaigns of the British army at Washington and New Orleans, 1814-15. 4th ed., corr. and rev. London: Murray. 1861. [1728 "The author served in the British army (subse- quently chaplain of H. M. forces), and his narrative of the Washington campaign, based upon his jour- nal, is exceedingly temperate and valuable. Although not without inaccuracies, its tone is judicial, and the author evidently intends to be fair." J. R. Soley, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 7: 435. Great Britain. Admiralty/. Papers relat- ing to the war with America. London. 1815. [1729 Give returns of the British armaments on the lakes, the vessels captured and destroyed by the Americans, returns of Americans taken prisoners, and American vessels captured. Halbert, H. S., and T. H. Ball. The Creek war of 1813-14. Chicago : Donohue. 1895. [1730 Describes in detail the earlier portion of the war. Compiled from all available material — original, sec- ondary, and traditional. Often prejudiced, but indis- pensable to an understanding of the events described. Poorly illustrated. E. C. Hatch, Col. William Stanley. A chapter of the history of the War of 1812 in the north- west ; with biographical sketch of the cele- brated Indian chief Tecumseh. Cin. : Clarke. 1872. $1.25. [1731 An account of Hull's surrender of Detroit, Aug. 16, 1812, and related events, by the acting Asst. Quarter- master-General in that campaign. Hull's conduct is attributed £0 connivance with the British general, Brock, a theory to which Hatch's allegations lend 169 1732-1740 THE UNITED STATES color, though inadequate as proof. A soldier's, not a scholar's narrative ; crude, unliterary, but of value because of it* tirst-hand infonuatiou, much of it not elsewhere given ; fi-eble in generalizations beyond the author's personal knowledge. F. H. S. Headley, Joel Tyler. Second war with England. X. Y.: Scribner. 1853. 2v. [1732 Pleasantly written, but animated throughout by an intensely anti-I>ritish feeling. The book is based largely on contcMuporarj- newspaper accounts, and re- produces all the misconceptions and misrejjresenta- tions of the war period. It refuses to see any good in those who were fighting for their homes and countrj-. For history it substitutes that inflation, and that de- nial of the rights of others, which we now associate with yellow journalism. J. B. Hull, Brig. -Gen. William. Campbell, Mrs. Maria (Hull). Revolutionaiy services and civil life of General William Hull. N. Y. : Appleton. 1848. [1733 1753-1825. The work includes also the separately titled but continuously paged History of the cam- paign of 1812, mid the surrender of Detroit, for which Hull was court-martialled. The first part is by his daughter on the basis of an autobiography, and the latter part by his grandson, James Freeman Clarke. The second work is of course vindicatory and appreciative, but its results are on the whole ac- cepted. E. C. R. Ingersoll, Charles Jared. Historical sketch of the sectmd war between the United States and Great Britain. Phil. : Lea. 1845-9. 2v. History of the second war. Ser. 2. Phil.: Lippincott. 1852. 2v. [i734 Ingersoll wrote from personal knowledge, being a member of Congress during the war, and on " inti- mate and confidential terms " with most of the ad- ministration. He was aReimblican, a violent partisan, dogmatic and deeply prejudiced, particularly against the Federalists. He has many shrewd and profound observations on the political measures of the time, and his character sketches are frequently just, some- times unfair, always striking. He digresses occasion- ally, as in the case of the Second Bank of the United States, of which he gives a com]>lete sketch. His work possesses great value, though much in relation to the war is now known which was hidden from contem- poraries. The reader will find the book entertaining. R. C. H. C. Jackson, Mnj.-Gen. Andrew. Walker, Alex^vnder. Life of Andrew Jackson: the achievements of the American army at New Orleans, 1814-15. Phil. : Evans. I860. [1735 Tliis book is misnamed. It is in fact an intensive study of the battle of New Orleans, with only a pre- liminarj' chapter on the early life of Jackson. It closes with the end of the battle. Tlie author seems to have visited the i)laces about which he writes. The style is lively and the book entertaining, but without references for its statements. E. E. 8. James, William. Full and correct account of the chief naval occurrences of the late war between Great Britain and the United States. London. 1817. [1736 Much of the substance of this volume appeared in the Kaval chronicle during the years 1813 and 1814, and was subsequently published at Halifax, N. S., as a pamphlet in March, 1816, entitled An inquiry into the merits of the principal naval actions between Great Britain and the United States of America during the late war. In a condensed and revised form it has been virtually incorporated with the sixth volume of his best-known work, the Xaval history of Great Britain, which has been reprinted four times since its i)ublication in 1823. In spite of an uncouth style and bitterly controversial and biased tone, James still remains the standard British authority on this subject; as a rule his statements have been unhesi- tatingly accepted and reiterated by later writers of his ovni nationality. E. Or. Full and correct account of the military occurrences of the late war between Great Britain and the L^nitcd States. London. 1818. 2v. [1737 " The companion piece to the A^ival occurrences. Its tone is equally offensive, and its comments are of the same scurrilous character. When dealing with the enemies of his country', James is nothing if not vituperative. The War of 1812, with its absurd gener- als and its farcical strategj-, affords a fine opportunity for caustic humor, but James only makes it the occa- sion of a tirade of vulgar abuse. The value of the book consists chiefly in the official reports and docu- ments which it contains." J. R. Soley, in Xarrative and crit. hist, of Am., 7: 425. Naval history of Great Britain, 1793- 1820. London. 1822. Sv. and 2v. Tables. Same; [ed. by Capt. F. Chamier]. London. 1887. 6v. Same ; epitomised by Robert O'Byrne. London : Allen. 1888. [1738 " Vol. 6 treats principally of the naval operations diiring the American war. The book shows much careful and even minute investigation, but its partisan reasoning is carried to the furthest limit of special j)Ieading. ... In dealing with matters exclusively British, .Tames will generally be found a safe guide, but in his voliune on the American war he has lost or sunk all sense of fairness or candor." J. R. Soley, in Xarrative and crit. hist, of Am., 7 : 422. Johnson, Rossiter. History of the war of 1812-'15. (:\Iinor wars of the U. S.) N. Y.: Dodd. [c. 1882.] $1. [1739 A description of the land and naval battles, with chapters on the causes of the war, and the Hartford convention, by a voluminous writer. The style is easy and the book readable, but shows no evidence of in- vestigation or new matter. E. E. S. Latour, Maj. Arsene Lacarriere. Histor- ical memoir of the war in West Florida and Louisiana in 1814-15 ; tr. [from the French] by H. P. Nugent. Phil: Conrad. 1816, [1740 170 THE WAR OF 1812 1741-1747 A succinct and graphic account of the campaign that culminated in the battle of New Orleans. The first appearance of the British fleet in tlieGulf; the attempt before Mobile ; Barrataria ; Lafltte's gallant attitude ; Jackson ; tlie marshalling of his forces, and means for defence of Xew Orleans ; the final and glori- ous victory of the 8th January, — are described in pages that still glow with the freshness of their first writing. An appendix contains copies of the official dociunents relating to the campaign, and a series of maps shows the military points involved in it. G. K. " Latour [who was Gen. Jackson's chief engineer] is the only trustworthy contemporary American his- torian of this war, and even he at times absurdly exaggerates the British forces and loss." Theodore Roosevelt, JVaval war. of 1812, p. 483, note. Lossing, Benson John. Pictorial field-book of the War of 1812. N. Y. : Harper. 1868. [1741 " This is a noteworthy work, partaking of the na- ture of what the French call mimoircs pour servir a I'histoire, and a rich archaeological collection, with its . . . sketches, views, plans, monuments, portraits, caricatures, autographs, medals, arms, remarkable houses, and scraps of contemporaneous poetry. Xot only is the historj' of the campaigning of 1812-14 at- tempted, but also that of the civil administration and leading political events of the period extending from the Revolution to the treaty of Ghent. To these are added personal sketches and biographies. . . . Note- book and pencil in hand, the author has travelled more than ten thousand miles between the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico, visiting nearly all the scenes of the incidents recorded, receiving accoimts from sur- vivors, and sketching scenery, battle-fields, and nota- ble localities. . . . Criticism of the book as a history of the War of 1812, or of the civil and political events of the period, is disarmed by its title. So much diver- sified material enters into its composition that the unity and sequence of a strictly historical narrative must necessarily suffer. Omissions, contradictions, and con- fusion of detail necessarily occur. . . . The military operations are well described for popular reading, and many of the battles, particularly the naval engage- ments, are admirably painted in words." Nation, 9 : 569. McAfee, Robert B. History of the late war in the western country, comprising a full account of all the transactions in that quarter, from the commencement of hostilities at Tip- pecanoe, to the termination of the contest at New Orleans on the return of peace. Lexing- ton: Worsley. 1816. [1742 " The author of this now scarce work sought and ob- tained a large amount of information, regarding the Indian wars of the western frontier, from the actors engaged in them. His narrative, therefore, contains much material, which later histories either do not pos- sess, or only copy from his pages." T. W. Field, Indian bibliogra'phy, p. 251. Martineau, Harriet. History of England, 1800-15 ; being an introduction to the history of the peace. London: Bell. 1878. [1743 Miss Martineau treats of social as well as political historj'. She had a strong, active intellect, was liberal- minded, and possessed keen insight into character and events. She diligently searched through a great part of the material then accessible to the historian in England (.1850), and has written a useful, interesting and fairly accurate book. R. C. 11. C. Morris, Commodore Charles. Autobio- graphy ; [pref. by J. R. Soley]. Boston: Wil- liams. 1880. [1744 " Unique. It is the only narrative published by a naval oflScer of the older period, giving in his own words the story of his own life. It begins with Mor- ris's entry into the service in 1799, and ends in 1840." J. R. Soley, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 7:417. Perkins, Samuel. History of the political and military events of the late war between the United States and Great Britain. New Haven. 1825. [1745 One of the best histories of the War of 1812. It nar- rates with sufficient fulness the land and naval opera^ tions ; brings out clearly the points of controversy which led to the war, the national questions involved and the effect on party spirit and the character of the people. Although like all American histories of its period, it is strongly partisan, it takes due recogni- tion of the claims of both parties to the conflict, and obviously aims to present the truth with judicial im- partialitj'. The work is not free from errors, mostly typographical. The diction is concise, lucid and agreeable. F. H. S. Perry, Commodore Oliver Hazard, Barnes, James. The hero of Erie. (Young heroes of our navy.) N. Y. : Appleton. 1898. SI. [1746 A biography of Commodore Perry, written for the young in an animated stj-le which sometimes slips into poor English. Slight tj'pographical inaccuracies occur in the account of operations on Lake Erie and the Niagara ; but as a whole the sketch is admirably planned to teach American history and strengthen the manliness, self-reliance and patriotism of the young American. F. H. S. Red Jacket. Hubbard, J. Niles. Account of Sa-go-ye-wat-ha ; or Red Jacket and his people, 1750-1830. (ISIunsell's historical series, no. 13.) Albany : Munsell. 1886. [1747 A futile attempt to do greater justice to Red Jacket than Wm. L. Stone had done, years before (see below). It offers no new information of importance, and pre- sents few facts which may not be found better state 1 elsewhere. The author unduly exalts the character of the "orator of the Senecas," and overestimates his influence. The style is sometimes ornate, grandiose, but oftener barren. F. H. S. — Stone, William Leete. Life and times 171 1748-1756 THE UNITED STATES of Sa-go-ye-wat-ha, or Red Jacket. N. Y. 1841. Albany: Munsell. 1866. [1748 " Col. Stone has connected, in a very happy man- ner, with the life of Ked Jacket, a number of anec- dotes and sketches, particularly of our war of 1812 with England, which add greatly to the interest and; value of his work. His narration of many facts and movements on the northern frontier during that war ; his account of the battle of Chippewa and its effects; of the principles and conduct of the Indians in our contest with Great Britain ; of several Indian treaties, and sales of their lands ; and of a number of the inter- views of Red Jacket with distinguished men, both foreigners and native Americans, render his volume as entertaining aa a novel." S. IMiller, in Princeton review, 14: li»4. Richardson, Maj. John. War of 1812. 1st series ; containing a full and detailed narrative of the operations of the right division of the Canadian army. Brockville. 1843. [i749 Much of the text was originally published in the London monthly maoazine in 1826-7 under the title of " A Canadian campaign by a British officer." Am- plified in some respects and curtailed in others, it next appeared in weekly parts in the Xew era or Ca- nadian chronicle, at Brockville, Upper Canada, and finallj' in book form as above. The author served during the campaigns in the vicinity of Detroit, which he undertakes to describe as a volunteer attached to the 41st Regiment, depending on his recollections, with the help of a few official documents. The narra- tive is generally fluent and vivid, but in many in- stances inaccurate in detail and intemperate in judgment. It abounds, however, in local color and deserves attention as the statement of an eye-witness. E. Cr. Roosevelt, Theodore. The naval war of 1812. N. Y. : Putnam. 1882. §2.50. [1750 A history of the navy during this war from good, often original sources. The appendix includes a brief "Previous history of the U. S. Xavy." Impartial, reliable, and scientific, without being dry. It is inci- dentally a source for the naval historj' of 1898, as giv- ing a key to Assistant Secretary Roosevelt's prepara- tions. E. C. R. Russell, J., Jr. History of the war between the United States and Great-Britain, compiled chiefly from public documents. Hartford: Russell. 1815. [1751 Contains a list of vessels captured from Great Brit- ain during the war. Thomson, John Lewis. History of the war of the United States with Great Britain in 1812; with additions and corrections. Phil.: Lippincott. 1887. [i7S2 Early editions published in 181G and 1818. " Con- tains much detail, but is of doubtful value." J. R. Soley, in Xarrativc and critical ?iist 0/ Am., 7: 422. Van Rensselaer, Solomon. Narrative of the aflair of Queenston : in Liie ^'> ar of 1812. N. Y. 1836. [1753 Far from adequate as a history of the battle of Queenston (Oct. 11, 1812), but more than adecjuate as a vindication of the conduct and discretion of ^laj.- Gen. Stephen Van Rensselaer, as presented in Arm" strong's Xoticcs of the War of IS 12. Lt.-Col. Solo- mon Van Rensselaer, nephew of the general, was an aide on his staff, and shared in the battle. The sol- dier's honest accoimt of what he saw and experienced is supplemented by rancorous rebuttal of Armstrong's strictures. The " Narrative " informs the student of to-day not only of events of a battle, but of the bitter enmities and controversies that grew out of it. F. H. S. WESTWARD EXPANSION: 1783-1828 {See sect. S016-2077, also, in Part IV) Adams, Herbert Baxter. Maryland's in- fluence upon land cessions to the United States. (Johns Hopkins Univ. studies, ser. 3, no. 1.) Bait. 1885. 75c. [1754 Commended by Justin Winsor, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 5: 271. Annals of the west, to 1845 ; comp. by James H. Perkins. Cin. : J. R. Albach. 1846. Same, to 1850. 2d ed. ; rev. and en- larged by J. M. Peck. St. Louis: J. R. Al- bach. 1850. Same, to 1856 ; comp. from the most authentic sources and published by James R. Albach. Pittsburg : W. S. Haven. 1856. [1755 "James Handasyd Perkins was a careful student of the early history of the country, and contributed many articles to the periodical literature of his day on the subject of Indian history and border warfare, which have been collected," in the Memoir and writinr/s of James Handasyd Perkins, edited by "William Henry Channing, and published in 2 vols, at Boston, in 1851. Andrew McFarland Davis, in Xarratire and critical hist, of Am., 6: G48. Barbe-Marbois, Francois, marquis de. His- tory of Louisiana ; tr. from the French. Phil. : Carey. 1830. [1756 The true intention of the author is set forth in his suVvtitlc: "Particularly of the cession of the colony to the United States." The historj' that precedes the account of this transaction is a mere summary to explain and justify the political necessity of it to his countrymen, for whose enlightenment upon the subject he avowedly wrote. As the commissioner appointed by Bonaparte to represent France in the prelimin.ai"y negotiations with the TTuited States, Barbti-Marbois was well qualified to be the historian of the event ; and his book has proved the general source of information about it. The vividness of its style quickens the usual tedium of diplomatic negoti- 172 WESTWARD EXPANSION, 1783-1828 1757-1764 ations into a real dramatic interest, which culminatea in the cession as a climax rather than as a result. G. K. Barker, Jacob. Incidents in life of Jacob Barker, of New Orleans. Wash. 1855. [1757 A curious and interesting collection of incidents and documents illustrative of the financial and {)oliti- cal career of a man of nuxch note in his day. Pul)- lished to further a claim against the (iovernnicnt, for money loaned during the War of 1812 ; and from ma- terial of the claimant's own furnishing, the volume represents but a fragmentary value. The second vol- ume, i)romised in the Introduction, which would have dealt with the more interesting period of Mr. IJarker's life, and jjolitical and financial experiences in Xew Orleans before and during the Civil War, has never been published. G. K. Barrett, Jay Amos. Evolution of the Or- dinance of 1787. (Univ. of Nebraska. Depts. of History and Economics. Seminary papers.) N. Y. : Putnam. 1891. [1758 An admirably clear and methodical history of the Ordinance of 1787 up to its adoption. Mr. Barrett treats impartially and judicially the rival claimants for the honor of having shaped the tenor of the Ordi- nance. There are full references to the sources, bib- liographical notes preceding each chapter and finally an alphabetical list of authorities. E. G. B. Birkbeck, Morris. Letters from Illinois. Phil.: Carey. 1818. [1759 The author, an English communist, in 1817 pur- chased 1G,000 acres on English Prairie, Illinois, found- ing thereon the town of New Albion, which was settled by English immigrants. The volume consists of letters written to persons in England, in reply to questions relative to economic and social conditions in the West. It is an intelligent, discriminating statement by a foreigner who soon came to under- stand his adopted country, and did much to inspire and wisely direct English emigration into Illinois. The Letters contains two maps — one, showing Birk- beck's journey (1817) from Virginia to Illinois ; the other, of English Prairie and adjacent countrj'. R.G. T. Notes on a journey in America. Lon- don: Eidgway. 1818. Phil.: Richardson. 1817. [1760 This is a brief and intelligent account of the journey of an English farmer travelling from Virginia to Illi- nois Territorj', then a frontier settlement. Birkbeck was a radical both in politics and religion, and his judgments show a slight bias. He had a keen eye for a suitable place for future settlement and, in agricul- tural matters, showed iiractical knowledge. The book gives a vivid picture of the difficulties attending pio- neer settlement. It passed through several editions in EngLand. D. R. D. Blanchard, Rufus. Discovery and conquests of the northwest. Chicago: Cushing. 1880. [1761 " Chicago is the oldest Indian town in the west of which the original name is retained. Its history nat> urally involves an account of the three conquests of the country in which it is situated. The first of the six jiarts covers the historj- of the French conquest from the exploration of the St. Lawrence by Jacques Cartier, and closes with a narrative of Bouquet's expedition, from an account printed by T. .Jelferies, London, in 17G6. This coA'ers a period of great his- torical interest, concerning many of the details of which there has been controversy. Day by day, how- ever, materials to control individual statements are being brought to light. Mr. Blanchard has made use of the best materials and put them together in an attractive waj'. We hesitate to question the correct- ness of the origin of the name given, but we refer ]\Ir. Blanchard to La Salle's account of the rivers and peoples discovered by him in U;81-2 (Mag. of Am. hist., 2: 619), in which he will find the word Chucu- goa, which means ' the Great River.' This seems con- clusive." Magazine of American history, 4: 318. Blennerhassett, Harman, Safpord, Wil- liam Hakbison. The Blennerhassett papers ; embodying the private joiu-nal of Harman Blennerhassett, and the hitherto impublished correspondence of Burr, Alston, and others, developing the purposes and aims of those engaged in the attempted Wilkinson and Burr revolution ; also the first account of the "Span- ish Association of Kentucky," and a memoir of Blennerhassett. Cin. : Clarke. 1864. $3. [1762 Tlie author published a smaU life of Blennerhassett in 1850, but having in 1859 secured the papers in the possession of the Blennerhassett family, he issued this work, the changes and additions in which were so numerous that, he says, it may be regarded as a sep- arate and independent publication. It narrates the story of the Burr conspiracy with much fullness and contains Blennerhassett's journal (Aug. 4 to Nov. 20, 1807), covering the entire trial at Richmond, but there is lack of literary skill, the account of Wilkinson's Spanish intrigue being given in two widely separated chapters, the 5th and 15th. F. J. S. Boone, Col. Daniel. Ellis, Edward Syl- vester. Life and times of Col. Daniel Boone with sketches of other leaders in the settlement of the West. Phil. : Porter; Coates. [c. 1884.] 75c. [1763 A popular accotint of a notable life, written in a pleasing style, occasionally rhetorical. A boys' book. H. W. H. See, also, FiLson, John, sect. 1777. Breese, Sidney. Early history of Illinois, 1673-1763, including the narrative of Mar- quette's discovery of the Mississippi ; ed. by Thomas Hoyne. Chicago: Meyers. 1884. Net §3. [1764 A scholarly sketch of the French occupation of the Illinois country from its discovery to 1763. Written 173 1765-1773 THE UNITED STATES by a resident of Kaskaskia (Illinois') and from sources to be found there. It seems to be a portion of a pro- jected history of the state. The book contains also a biographical sketch of Judge Breese, with an appen- dix of translations of pertinent French documents, and facsimiles of Marquette's maps. E. E. S. Brown, John Mason. Political beginnings of Kentucky. (Filson Club. Publications, no. 6.) Louisville: Morton. 1889. Net $2.50. [1765 A valualile contribution to an interesting subject ; but written i)riraarily to clear the memory of the author's ancestor, John Brown, one of the foremost men of his time west of the Alleghany Mountains, of the charge of comiilicitj- in the plan to separate Ken- tucky from the I'nion and unite it with the Spanish Government of Louisiana. See Green, The Spanish conspiracy, sect. 1784. B. A. H. Burnet, Jacob. Notes on the early settle- ment of the north--n-estcrn territory. Cin. : Derby. 1847. [1766 A valuable original contribution to the early his- tory of the Northwest and particularly of Ohio. The author, educated at Nassau Hall and bred to the law in New .lersey, made his home in Cincinnati in 1796 and died in that city in 1853. He rode the circuit with the territorial judges ; filled numerous important of- fices ; was an active participant in many of the events which he relates ; a strong Federalist, but very sen- sible of the faults of Governor Arthur St. Clair. The book is not to be implicitly trusted, although per- fectly sincere and aiming to be impartial. The author depended too much upon his memory, which he did not sufficiently refresh by reference to authorities. B. A. H. Cass, Lewis, et al. Historical and scien- tific sketches of Michigan. Detroit. 1834. [1767 These sketches and discourses, delivered by Governor Cass, H. R. Schoolcraft, Henry Whiting, and John Biddle. are interesting and valuable because they be- long to the early literature of Michigan. For the rest, they deal instructively with the more salient facts of Michigan and northwestern history, and to a less ex- tent with Scientific observation of nature. B. A. H. Coles, Edward. History of the Ordinance of 17>>T. See Pennsylvania, Historical Society of, sect. 385. [1768 Craig, Neville B., cd. The olden time. Pittsburg. 1846-8. 2v. New ed. Cin.: Clarke. 1876. 2v. $6. [1769 A mixture of original journals, reminiscences, and records, with many reprints from papers of Wash- ington, Franklin and others, descriptive of the early history of western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio. A large portion can be found in the Tennsylvauia Archives. Has articles on the various Pennsylvania boundary disputes, the French in Ohio, Mason and Dixon line, etc. Of local value for the region named. E. E. 8. Cutler, Ephraim. Cutler, Julia Per- kins. Life and times of Ephraim Cutler; pre- pared from his journals and correspondence, by his daughter, with biographical sketches of Jervis Cutler and AVilliam Parker Cutler. Cin. : Clarke. 1890. $2.50. [1770 The subject of this book, a son of Dr. ^Manasseh Cut- ler, made his home in Ohio, 1795, and died there in 1853. He was active in the affairs of the state as well as in private life. He served many years in the General Assembly, where he interested himself esj)ecially in education, taxation, and internal improvements. The book throws light upon these and other questions re- lating to the growth of Ohio ; it contains much docu- mentary material. B. A. H. Cutler, Manasseh. Cutler, William Parker and Julia Perkins. Life, journals, and coiTcspondence of Rev. Manasseh Cutler. Cin. : Clarke. 1888. 2v. Net $5. [1771 The most complete account ever published of the beginnings of the colonial system of the United States, in the first settlement and civil organization of the region beyond the Ohio River, groupetl around the i)er- sonality of one of the most pi'ominent actors in the events themselves. The theory first brought forward prominently by the late Dr. W. F. Poole (see sect. 1807), that Dr. Cutler was the real author of the most characteristic features of the Ordinance of 1787, is pushed to its extreme limit, and sometimes supported by arguments that cannot be considered valid. Much of the matter is documentary, and the book docs not show much literary skill. 15. A. H. Cutler, William Parker. The Ordinance of July 13, 1787, for the government of the ter- ritory northwest of the River Ohio. Mari- etta, O. : E. R. Alderman. 1887. [1772 A valuable study of the Ordinance from the his- torical point of view, by an admiring descendant of the pioneers. Prepared as a paper for reading before the Ohio State Hist, and Arch;t>ol. Soc. Feb. 23, 1887. The Appendices discuss the Origin of the Ohio Co. (with names of petitioners to Congress) : — Tlie charac- ter of Marietta pioneers — in memoriam : — Services of the Ohio Co. in defending the U. .S. frontier from invasion: — and the Soc. of the Cincinnati. A useful monograph. H. W. H. Denny, Ebenezer. Military journal of an officer in the Revolutionary and Indian wars ; with an introductory memoir by W. H. Denny. (In Hist. Soc. of Pennsylvania. Publications, V. 7.) Phil. : Lippincott. 1860. [1773 Maj. Denny, who had seen service on an American privateer and who lived to be the first mayor of Pitts- burg, joined a I'ennsylvania regiment as an ensign in 1781, participated in the siege of Yorktown, .and was the adjutant of Harmar and an aide-de-camp of St. Clair during the dis.astrous Indian campaigns of 1790-1, bringing the news of St. Clair's defeat to Philadel])hia. The journal extends from May 1, 1781, to May 31, 1795, with a gap from 1792 to 1794. There are diagrams illus- 174 WESTWARD EXPANSION, 1783-1828 1774-1780 trating the campaigns of Harniar ami St. Clair, and a — DuRRETT, R. T. John Filson; the first number of Mannar's letters ami vocabularies of Dela- ware ami Shawanee words are appendetl. F. J. S. Dodge, Jacob Richards. Red men of the Ohio valley, 1G50-1795. Springtiekl, O. : Ru- ralist Pub/Co. 1860. [1774 "Embracing notable facts and thrilling incidents in the settlement by the whites of the states of Ken- tucky, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois." The author was editor of 'Dip Ainrriv observations, the impressions made on his mind, the speculations in regard to the future destiny of our institutions, rather than a detailed narrative of facts and even events." A considerable part of the book is devoted to an account of banking questions. There are chapters on railroads in the United States; the city of Lowell and its factory girls ; Fitchburg ; Cin- cinnati; western steamboats; speculation; progress of societj- ; social reform ; middle classes ; aristocracy, and democracy. Chevalier was a trained observer and a careful writer, who afterward^ established a reputa- tion as an author on money and other economic sub- jects. D. R. D. Choate, Rufus. Works; with a memoir of his life by S. G. Brown. Boston : Little. 1862. 2v. $3.25 ea. [i86i The memoir of Choate is of moderate merit, some- what superficial and helped out by long quotations from memorial addresses. It is, however, fair and accurate, and written in good plain English. Choate's speeches are of much more interest and deal fully and thoroughly with many subjects, notably with the McLeod case ; Protection ; the Oreg(m question ; the Annexation of Texas; Webster; Slavery, and Judicial tenure. The point of view is always that of a Web- ster Whig. R- C. H. C. Christy, David. Cotton is king; by an American. Cin.: Moore. 1855. [1862 After reviewing the development of the cotton trade, the author concludes that slavery is the ener- gizing influence of nearly all the industrial interests of America and Great Britain, and that it is impracti- cable, in the existing condition of the world, to over- throw the system. He regrets the failure to support the American Colonization Society, criticises the Abo- litionists, and has much to say of the relations of free trade to slavery. In the appendix the growth of the cotton trade is shown by years. Tlie author's name appears in a revised and enlarged edition (N. Y. 1857), but not in this. F. J. S. Clarke, James Freeman. Anti-slavery days : a sketch of the struggle which ended in the abolition of slavery. N. Y. : Worthiugton. 1884. [1863 The author hoped, he said, in these chapters — origi- nally given as lectures — only to call attention to a few important events and characters of the struggle against slavery. He naturally dwelt mostly on the events with which he was personally familiar and the persons with whom he happened to be best acquainted, that is, occurrences in Massachusetts and in which New England men participated. The literary charm of the book is, also naturally, very great. F. J. S. Clay, Henry. Works; ed. [with life] by Calvin Colton. N. Y. : Barnes. 1857. 6v. Contents : v. 1-3. Life and times ; by Colton [1844. 2v. Rev. ed. c. 1856. 3v.]:— v. 4. Private correspondence. [1855.]: — v. 5-6. Sjieechcs. Same ; with introd. by Thomas B. Reed, and history of tariff legislation, 1812-96, by Wm. McKinlcy. N. Y. : Henry Clay Pub. Co. 1898. 7v. [1864 In Colton's original edition of six volumes, the speeches cover his whole political career, 1810-1851. Clay was prominently identified with the advocacy of the war with Englanii in 1812, the promotion of domes- tic manufactures by tariffs, federal aid for internal improvements, open though not aggressive sympathy with the South American colonies for liberty, the colo- nization of negroes in Africa, the public land policy, the settlement of southern disputes through the Missouri Compromise and the important compromise measures of 1850. On all these, as well as on other topics, Clay's speeches are part of the history of the United States. The first two volumes of the Life were written at an earlier period than the third and bring Clay's career down to 1845; the third volume deals with the last seven years of Clay's life, contains in particular the speeches on the Compromise of 18.50, the eulogies after his death, and correspondence 1843- 51. Colton's biography is eulogistic, but on the whole well done. The author was engaged on this work for years, and in the correspondence made his selections from more than three thousand documents. Down to the Treaty of Ghent there were few letters to be ob- tained. The editor includes some letters \vritten to Clay. The edition of 1897 is a reprint of Colton's with the addition of an Introduction by Thomas B. Reed and a History of tariff legislation, 1812-1896, by William McKinlcy. These additions were apparently perfunc- tory tasks and non-critical, and the latter is scrappy. Neither can be relied upon by the careful student. ISIr. Reed furnishes a useful bibliography on Clay, vol. 1, pp. 34-38. D. R. D. — Sciiuuz, Carl. Life of Henry Clay. (American statesmen.) Boston : Houghton. 1887. 2v. $2.50. [1865 This is one of the best of the biographical American statesmen series, and as Clay occupies a large space in public affairs from the war of 1812 until the middle of the centurj', it constitutes an important contribu- tion to narrative American history. The full signi- ficance of Clay's life is recognized in assigning two volumes to its treatment. The work has literary as well as biographic character. In narrating the i)olit- ical struggles and changes of Clay's period, the author shows a full recognition of the significance of move- ments of i)opular feeling which so frequently upset the balance of politicians. The work is also a real biography. The personality of Clay is constantly brought to the front. His weakness as well as strength is fully recognized. 1>. R. L). Clayton, Mrx. Victoria Virginia. White and black under the old regime ; with introd. by Frederic Cook Morehouse. Milwaukee : Young Churchman Co. [c. 1899.] Net $1. [1866 " In this little book we have the reminiscences of the widow of General Henry D. Clayton of the Con- federate army. ... It is a simple, straightforward account of the home of a southern girl and woman, on an Alabama plantation, from 1835 to 188(). . . . The second half of the book describes the Civil War, and 186 PERIOD OF THE SLAVERY QUESTION, 1828-1860 1867-1874 its effects upon the quiet plantation life. The period of reconstruction is treated with simple dignity and with a strong sense of justice. . . . The book is writ- ten in an unpretending, at times almost school-girlish, style, and is strongly religious in tone. Slave-hold- ing is justitied by numerous citations from the Scrip- tures." Am. filst. rev., 5: 401. Clingman, Thomas Lanier. Selcctious from speeches ami writings; with notes. Ra- leigh, N. C. : Nichols. 1877. [1867 A collection of addresses and periodical contribu- tions on various literary and scientific subjects. There are also many political speeches made while Clingman was a member of Congress between 184;5 and 1801. He was first a Whig, then a Democrat, and withdrew from Congress when his state seceded. E. E. S. Cobb, Howell. Scriptural examination of the institution of slavery in the United States. [Perry], Ga. : Author. 1856. [1868 The institution of slavery is held to rest upon two propositions: (1) African slavery is a punishment inflicted upon the enslaved for their wickedness ; (2) slavery, as it exists in the T'nited States, is the pro- videntially arranged means by which Africa is to be lifted from her deep degradation to a state of civil and religious liberty. The Bible is taken as the au- thority. By repudiating slavery, England and the northern states declined the objects, present and ulti- mate, of the institution, and withdrew from this great providential enterprise. Abolitionism is regarded not as a political question, but as a religious delusion. The work, apart from the curious interpretation of Biblical authority, is marred by vulgar abuse of Abo- litionists. The historical portion, relating to the im- portation of slaves, begins with chapter 3. , Chapter 4 treats of the laws of the states ; and chapter 5, of colonization. D. R. D. Cobb, Thomas R. R. Historical sketch of slavery from the earliest periods. Phil.: John- son. Savannah: Williams. 1858. [1869 The introduction and two chapters are taken from The laiv of slavery by the same author. The volume treats of slavery from the time of the Jews to about 1845. The freed negro is said to return to barbarism. The efforts of the Abolitionists are deplored. Coloni- zation is claimed to be the only remedy. E. E. S. Coffin, Levi. Reminiscences. Cin. : West- ern Tract Soc. [c. 1876.] 2d ed. with app. Cin.: Clarke. 1880. $1.50. [1870 Coffin was a member of the Society of Friends ; resided in youth in Jsorth Carolina; and removed in early manhood (1822) to Indiana. Successful in busi- ness, he devoted time and money to the help of escaping slaves, — several thousand, it is estimated, in number. Because of his activity he was termed by some the president of the underground railroad. This volume of his reminiscences is a simple but thrilling record of the escapes with which the author was associated. It is one of the few bor)ks on the sub- ject, and, owing to the fact that the work of aid had to be done in secrecy and without many written re- cords, it is likely to remain a principal authority. The author kept diaries which are drawn upon for these memories, written in his 78th year. D. 11. D. Congdon, Charles Taber. Reminiscences of a journalist. Boston: Osgood. 1880. [1871 These reminiscences begin with 1830. The author was reared in Jsew Bedford. There is interesting in- formation in regard to the Quakers, and the clergy of the day. The author afterwards became editor of the Athis newspaper in ISoston, and advocatetl the nomi- nation of Harrison instead of Webster. Chapter 8 is devoted to an account of the Dorr rebellion. The au- thor joined the staff of the New York Tribune in 1857. In the latter portion of the work there are many anec- dotes of the stage and of literary eharacteisi, as Mar- garet Fuller, and Willis. D. II. D. Corwin, Thomas. Morkow, Josiah, ed. Life and speeches of Thomas Corwin. Ciu. : W. H. Anderson. 18i;6. $3.50. [1872 The best life of Corwin. It is accurate and impar- tial, but rather superficial. There is no thorough re- search, and too little discrimination in the use of material. The speeches are well edited, and are of value in the study of the history of the Union. Cor- win was a Whig, and bitterly hostile to the Mexican war. His great speech on that topic deserves careful reading, as does also his noteworthy speech in the House on the eve of the Rebellion. R. C. H. C. — Russell, Addison Peale. Thomas Cor- win; a sketch. Cin.: Clarke. 1881. $1. [1873 This sketch throws some light upon Corwin 's char- acter and career. It is full of anecdotes and gives some information upon social matters in Ohio. It is written in a loose, rhetorical style, and is of slight value. R. C. H. C. Crittenden, John Jordan. Coleman, 3fr., Hamilton An- drews. Memoir of Abbott Lawrence. Bos- ton: Little. 1883. [1914 Lawrence was a Clay Whig, prominent as a New England manufacturer, philanthropist and politician. His biographer's abiUties are moderate, and he fails to present Lawrence's position on slaverj'. Otherwise, he has done sufficient justice to his subject, the work being accurate, painstaking and valuable from the political and social points of view. It is a dull book. There is an appendix containing six letters from Law- rence to Rives, of Virginia, discussing the tariff and Virginia's economic conditions. R. C. H. C. Leggett, William. Collection of political writings; [ed.] by Theodore Sedgwick, Jr. N.Y.r Taylor. 1840. 2v. [1915 These volumes are collections of leading editorials appearing in the Xeir York ei-ening post and the Kew York x>lahid€aler, from March, 1834, to July, 1837. They contain a variety of information, and materially assist in the comprehension of public opinion on Slav- ery ; Abolition ; Currency ; the Sub-Treasury system ; the Tariff and other vital questions of the day. Leg- gett was a Jackson Democrat, of strong natural parts, Vmt imperfectly educated, with violent prejudices, savage temi)er, and erring judgment, but absolutely honest and open to conviction. His writings sliow strong argumentative and logical talents, supported by a plain and vigorous stj-le. R. C. H. C. Letters and documents relating to slavery in Massachusetts. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 314. [1916 Lieber, Francis. Perry, Thomas Ser- geant, ed. Life and letters of Francis Lieber. Boston: Osgood. 1882. Boston: Houghton. S3. [1917 This is a very valuable book for a student of condi- tions in the United States from 1827 to 1872. Lieber dwelt for twenty-one years in South Carolina, but his sympathies in the slavery controversy were with the North. His criticisms and comments are always emi- nently fair and unprejudiced, and reveal his remark- able insight and correctness of judgment. Here, in letters to prominent Americans, are discussions of many political topics, particularly slavery, the McLeod case, the right of search, and the Kansas-Nebraska question, along with much information about the leaders of the nation, especially those in New Eng- land. R. C. H. C. Lincoln, Abraham, and Stephen Arnold Douglas. Political debates iu the campaign of 1858 in Illinois ; including the preceding speeches of each, at Chicago, Springfield, etc. ; also the two great speeches of Lincoln in Ohio, in 1859. Columbus : Follett. 1860. Cleve- land : O. S. Hubbell. 1895. New ed. Burrows. 1898. Net §3.50. [1918 This book, with a slightly different arrangement of the speeches, and with the addition of an index, was republished in 189.5 by O. S. Hubbell & Co. of Cleve- land. There were seven joint debates, and five other speeches by Lincoln and two by Douglas are included. F. J. S. Livermore, George. On the opinions of the founders of the republic respecting negroes. See Massachusetts Historical Society, sect. 324. [1919 Lovejoy, Elijah Parish. Tanner, Henry. The martyrdom of Lovejoy : life of Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy, who was killed by a pro-slavery mob at Alton, 111., 1837. Chicago: Fergus Prtg. Co. 1881. [1920 Mr. Tanner was not only an eye-witness of the kill- ing, but, rifle in hand, was one of the twenty defend- ers of the building which contained Lovejoy's press, the destruction of which was the principal object of the mob. His statement is accompanied by that of another of the defenders, and the book contains also the address of Dr. Channing to the citizens of Boston regarding the Lovejoy killing and the memorable maiden speech of Wendell Phillips in Faneuil Hall Dec. 8, 1837, at a meeting held to take action regard- ing the Alton outrage. F. J. S. Lowell, James Russell. The Biglow pa- pers. Cambridge. 1848. Boston: Houghton. 1890. §1. [1921 The first series, publi.shed originally in the Boston courier, 1846-1848, gave a most telling expression to the New England anti-slavery feeling in opposition to the Mexican War. As such they are an historical document throbbing with life and of the highest value. Tlie second series, published in the Atlantic monthfy, similarly gives utterance to the Unionist feeling dur- ing the Civil War in regard to the South and the atti- tude of England. In the Introduction to tho second series the author gives an account of the origin of the first series. The Bir/Ioiv papers are by far the most powerful political satire that has been produced in America. E. G. B. Lunt, George. Origin of the late war ; traced from the beginning of the Constitution. N. Y. : Appleton. 1866. [1922 The author was the editor, in connection with George Hillard, of the democratic Boston conrier prior to and during the Civil War. His point of view is that of the northern pro-slavery man, and his thesis is that the anti-slavery agitation was factitious in its origin and character, so far as its positively efficient agents pur- sued it, and was the fruit of a struggle for political power, instead of a moral or philanthropical demon- stration. The aggression of the anti-slavery men is 193 192a-1930 THE UNITED STATES treated as the cause of the war, and slavery, if not actuallj' defended, is palliated as a good thing for the country and perhaps even for the slaves, as shown by their subuiissiveness. The view taken of Lincoln's character in chap. 20 illustrates the opinion of him held by his contemporary oiipouents. F. J. S. McDougall, Marion Gleason. Fugitive slaves, 1619-1865. (Fay House monographs, no. 3.) Boston : Ginn. 1891. [1923 A scholarly investigation of the legal and social historj' of runaway slaves in the United States from 1619 to 18G5. It includes the national legislation to secure the reUirn of slaves, the personal liberty laws, the underground railway, the various emancipation steps, and the tinal repeal of the fugitive slave acts. The references are voluminous. Appendixes contain a summarj' of all laws bearing on the subject and a good bibliography. Published as one of the Fay House monographs of the Hr.rvard Annex. E. E. S. Marryat, Capt. Frederick. Diary in Amer- ica. Loudon: Longmans. 1839. 6v. [1924 Captain Marrj-at visited the United States in 1837 after Miss Martineau had greatly irritated the Ameri- can people with her book on the I'nited States. !Mar- ryat considered himself much handicapped by this prejudice and thought it inadvisable, even if there had been an opportunity, to seek introductions which would admit him to social privileges. He travelled quite generally, and his book is made up of numerous anecdotes and not very profound observations in re- gard to the scenes that he passed through. He is, how- ever, keen in his analysis of hinnan character, and in distinguishing between the many types of American character. The book is cliar.acterized by a reckless humor, with a large stock of anecdotes. The last vol- ume is devoted to Canada. I). R. D. Martineau, Harriet. Retrospect of west- ern travel. London : Saunders. 1838. 8v. N.Y.: Harper. 1838. 2v. [1925 A description of a voyage from England to America and a tour through the latter country made in 1834. The tour included the Hudson, Niagara, "Washington, New Orleans, the Mississippi, Cincinnati, and New England. The descriptions of social life are the most valuable, but are not always reliable. The strictures on slavery were ill received when first published. Tliere are side chapters on Aaron Burr, Channing, and a Harvard Commencement. See Society in Amer- ica by the same author, below. ' E. E. S. Society in America. London : Saun- ders. 1837. 3v. N. Y. 1837. 2v. [1926 Miss Martineau's object was to give an account of her travels, and to compare " the existing state of society in America with the principles on wliich it is proposedly founded." She was in the country from the 19th of Se])tember, m34, to the 1st of August, 1836 ; visited all sections, and met the leading men and wo- men. She discusses politics, economic life, civiliza- tion and religion. Possessing extensive knowledge, natural quickness to acquire, sound judgment and a keen intellect, her opinions are of much value, and are presented in a clear, incisive and entertaining manner. K. C. H. C. May, Samuel Joseph. Some recollections of our antislavery conflict. Boston : Fields. 1869. [1927 Mr. May " was one of the earliest disciples that gathered around INIr. Garrison when he first rallied the movement which marched forward during thirty years through an unbelieving and resisting world to its final triumph. . . . The ferocity of the pro-slavery papers of thirty years since can hardly be conceived of by the generation that has grown up since then. . . . Mr. May was spectator and part of all this pas- sage of history, and we think his tale of what he wit- nessed and underwent while a minister in Connecticut and as General Agent of the Massachusetts Anti-Slav- ery Society will seem hardly credible to the present generation. And yet it is but a plain, unvarnished tale of unexaggerated facts. Mr. May does not profess to write a history of the anti-slavery movement, but merely to relate his own experiences in connection with it. . . . His sketches of the men and women who took part in it, esjiecially in its early days, are gen- erally good, though perhaps a little undiscriminating in point of praise. Although always an ardent and active Abolitionist in whatever sphere of other duty he might find himself, he was not directly connected with the operations of the movement after he ceased to be the agent of the Massachusetts Society." Nw- tion, 9: S43. — MuMFORD, Thomas J., ed. Memoir of Samuel .Joseph j\Iay. Boston : Roberts. 1873. New ed. Boston : Am. Unitarian Assoc. 1882. 75c. [1928 A considerable portion of this memoir is autobio- graphical, another portion is made up of extracts from a diary, while the rest consists of chapters con- tributed by various writers, friends of ;Mr. May. The volume is an appreciative and beautiful tribute to a singularly noble life. B. A. H. Monroe, James. Oberlin Thursday lec- tures, addresses and essays. Oberlin, O. : Goodrich. 1897. SI. 25. [1929 An early associate in the lecture field with Garrison, Phillips, and Douglass, U. S. Consul at Rio de Janeiro during the Civil War, Member of Congress for ten years, and the rest of his life Professor of History and International Law, Mr. Monroe has garnered in these papers most valuable recollections of the early abo- litionists, of the causes of the war, of Mr. Seward and Lincoln's Department of State, of our naval offi- cers on foreign station, and outside views of our great confiiet. For matter, for wisdom of ajipreciative comment, and for attractive style, alike, the book is important in its field and i)eriod. .J. D. C. Mott, James and Lucretia. IIallowell, Anna Davis, cd. Jiiraes and Lucretia Mott : life and letters. Boston : Houghton. 1884. $2. [1930 Among the few biographies relating to the Friends ((Quakers). Of service in studying the abolition move- ment, the anti-slavery societies, and fugitive slaves and " the underground railroad " in the state of Penn- 194 PERIOD OF THE SLAVERY QUESTION, 1828-18G0 1931-1938 sylvania. Introiluces (iarrison, Pliillips, Parker and others. Judicious although sympathetic editing. E. E. S. Nichols, Thomas L. Forty years of Amer- ican life. London: Maxwell. 1864. 2v. 2d ed. Iv. Longmans. 1875. [i93i The author was a northerner who, on the outbreak of the rebellion, took refuge in England. He regarded the action of the government as unconstitutional, and yet he could not tight against the union. While in e.\ile, he wrote tlic work as a description of America, to show what was most distinctive in its institutions and people. It includes a survey of the customs, militia system, country schools, state of religion and morals. Chapter 9 describes the mobbing of Garrison in Boston; chapter 10. factory life in Lowell. Other chapters describe Buffalo and life on the Great Lakes, early visits to the "West about the period 1840, New Orleans in 18-15, social experiments, spiritualism, for- eign elements in the population, Roman Catholic Church, etc. Vol. 2, pages 227-347, is devoted to slav- ery and the cause of the war. The work is clearly and attractively written, and, while not important, is interesting in its portraiture. D. R. D. Olmsted, Frederick Law. The cotton kingdom ; a traveller's observations on cotton and slavery in the American slave states. N. Y.: Mason. 1861. 2v. [1932 Based upon three previous books by the author, namely, A JoHrney in the seaboard .slave states (1856) ; A journey through Texas (1857); A journey in the hack country (1860). "The actual economical results of slave labor upon the value of property, the comfort and the dignity of life and manners, mind, domestic economy, education, religion, social welfare, tone and tendency, may there be found, copious, specific, and authentic." H. T. Tuckerman, America and her com- mentators, p. 417. Journey in the seaboard slave states. N. Y.: Dix. 1856. [i933 This work, contributed in the form of letters to the Nerv York daily times, deals almost entirely with economic life in the South. The author, an ardent abolitionist, sees everything from that standpoint. He makes slavery responsible for all its ills, and has a remarkable faculty for seeing the worst side of south- ern society. But this is not to be wondered at when his great ability in reporting the small talk picked up from negroes and the lower class of whites is con- sidered. The work abounds in bitterness, prejudice, misrepresentation and contradictions. Still, the au- thor was a close observer, and there is much in the way of descriptions of counti-y that is reliable. S. B. W. Ormsby, Robert McKinley. History of the Whig party. Boston : Crosby. 1859. [1934 This work, at the present time, is of little conse- quence to the general reader, save as an example of a work written by an ardent supporter of the Whig party strongly criticising the abolition movement in the North. He has much to say in regard to the hypo- crisy of England and the i)ublication of anti-slavery misrepresentations in Anicrica by British gold. Chap- ters 22-24 arc dev(ited to the tarill and nullitication questions. The author again refers to the use of British gold to defeat the election of Mr. Clay in 1844. Mr. Seward is regarded as an unsafe counsellor, and altogether too radical on the slavery question. Web- ster's seventh of March speech is commended. D. R. D. Parker, Theodore. Trial of Theodore Parker for the "misdemeanor" of a speech in Faneuil Hall against kidnapping, before the Circuit Court of the United States, at Boston, April 3, 1855 ; with the defence by Theodore Parker. Boston: Author. 1855. N. Y.: Ap- pleton. 1864. [i935 While the return of Anthony Burns to slavery was under consideration by the federal court in Boston, Mr. Parker was one of the speakers at a Faneuil Hall meeting held to protest against this enforcemenc of the fugitive slave law. At the same time a riot occurred at the court house in which one of the United States Marshal's men was killed. On the theorj- that Parker's speech led to this affair he was indicted as having wilfully obstructed, resisted, and opposed the ^Marshal. The indictment was ultimately quashed on a techni- cality, but P.arker publLshed in August this defence as if it were a speech to the jury in his case. It is largely a review of past judicial tyranny in England and America and a vindication of the right of juries to disregard instructiims, while the federal officials who sought to enforce the fugitive slave law are scored with withering severity. F. J. S. — FROTHINGnAM, OCTAVIUS BrOOKS. ThCO- dore Parker. Boston : Osgood. 1874. N. Y. : Putnam. $3. [1936 In this life of Theodore Parker Mr. Frothingham has given us an exceptionally good biography of a great American of the New England type. Parker's inherited traits and gifts, his home and student life, his career as preacher, philosopher, heretic, reformer, philanthropist and patriotic citizen, are set forth in a way that makes him an attractive and impressive personality. The story is told with sympathy and great delicacy, with hearty appreciation and yet with unfailing candor. The space given to John Brown seems disproportionate ; but the matter is interesting. A. D. M. Paulding, James Kirke. Slavery in tlie United States. N. Y.: Harper. 1836. [1937 A defence of slavery on the ground that it is neces- sary to have a laboring class, that the negro is better off in civilized slavery than savage freedom, and that the condition of the slave in America compares favor- ably with that of the common laborer in Europe. The argument is in the abstract, without examjiles. Nu- merous stories of the atrocities and superstition of the blacks are added. E. E. S. Peck, Charles Henry. The Jacksonian epoch. N.Y.: Harper. 1899. S2.50. [1938 " This is a plainly told and interesting account of 195 1939-1944 THE UNITED STATES our politics, from Jackson's victory at New Orleans in 1815 to the Democratic defeat in 1840. . . . Mr. Peck has sought an original treatment of the period, as a Jackson-Clay ' epoch,' in a separation of the careers and rivalr>- of the two leaders and of the causes with which they were concerned from the continuity and generality of our historj'. He has, besides, hit upon the device of an account of public events which shall be more biographical than history and more historical than biography. Kut the difficulty with this is obvi- ous, that the result must likewise be less historical than historj- and less biographical than biography. Although it escapes one limitation of each, it does not reach the complete and artistic result of either. . . . Mr. Peck is broad in sympathy and liberal in judg- ment. He scrupulously sums up the material facts ; and if his conclusions need correction, his reader is helped to make it. He sketches Jackson, Clay, Cal- houn, Van Buren, and Benton in lifelike fashion; and he generously judges them all." Edward M. Shepard, in Am. Itist. rev., 5 : 148. Perry, Benjamin Franklin. Reminiscences of public men ; prefaced by life of the author by H. M. Perry. Phil. : Avil. 1883. Reminiscences of public men, with speeches and addresses. 2d series. Green- ville, S. C: Shannon. 1889. [1939 The first series contains notices of fifty public men, mostly southern, originally written for periodicals and newspapers. Mr. Perry for many years edited a news- paper in South Carolina, and was active in public life in that State during the period 1830-70. He was an opponent to nullification, but accepted secession and joined the Confederacy. After the war he was Pro- visional Governor of South Carolina. There is little new information in regard to the several characters described, but the work a.s a whole, because of its frankness, and sympathetic interest with the charac- ters described, gives a suggestive picture of the south- em gentleman in public life before the war. In ad- dition to the sketches in the sec'oiid series, there is a history of the nullification movpnient, pages 109- 228. There is also published a speech of July 3, 1865, which created much interest in the North ; an account of the provisional governorship of South Carolina in 1865, page 242 ; and a history of the Philadelphia na- tional union convention in 1806. To the general stu- dent, the second series is of more value. Both volumes contain a wealth of anecdote. D. R. D. Phillips, Wendell. Speeches, lectures and letters. Boston. 1863-91. 2v. Beaconed.: Lee. 2v. §1.50 ea. pap. 50c. ea. [1940 The first series of Phillips' writings was published in 1863, — the collection being made under his super- vision. The second series, printed in 1891, after his death, includes not only the most important addresses of his later life but also a few of the earlier period. Among those bearing on the slavery question are the murder of Lovejoy, 1837; the Sims ca.se; opposition to .Judge Loring because of the rendition of Burns; John lirown ; and the eulogy on Garrison (2d ed.). The .second volume is devoted more largely to other reform movements in which IMiillips was interested, as Woman's rights. Labor question. Temperance. Here also are his famous lectures on "The lost arts," and "Daniel O'Connell." As platform utterances effec- tive in the field of agitation, Phillips' speeches are de- serving of careful reading by the critical student. The positive information conveyed, however, is not great, nor are his constitutional arguments of much value. D. R. D. — Austin, George Lowell. Life and times of Wendell Phillips. Boston: Lee. 1884. New ed. 1888. $1.50. [1941 From the time that "Wendell Phillips appeared at the Boston Faneuil Hall meeting after the murder of Lovejoy, in 1837, he occupied a prominent position in the anti-slavery agitation. Of good social position, he originally carried into the radical abolition move- ment an undoubted force, while his unrivalled elo- quence and gifts of oratory commanded, throughout the long struggle, a hearing denied to others. He be- longed to the small group who would sacrifice national unity and the constitution to free the North from the responsibilities of slavery. He entered with ardor into other reforms, as in that for Woman's rights in 18,')0, and after the war showed active sympathy for the labor and greenback movements. Tliis biography is eulogistic and not discriminating. D. R. D. Pierce, Franklin, Hawthorne, Nathan- iel. Life of Franklin Pierce. Boston : Tick- nor. 1852. — Sajne. (In Hawthorne, N. Sketches and studies. Boston: Houghton. $1.) [1942 Hawthorne was a classmate of General Pierce at Bowdoin College, and, when the latter was nominated by the Democratic party for the ])residency of the United States in 1852, out of friendship and a sense of justice he wrote this biographical sketch. The char- acterization of Pierce, as a public man, is more favor- able than is now generally accepted by historians. While the sketch is too eulogistic, it is of particular value as an estimate of the personal or more private character of Pierce. D. R. D. Pike, James Shepherd. First blows of the Civil War. N. Y. : Am. NewsCo. 1879. [1943 A volume of the private correspondence on the poli- tics of the day of Horace Greeley, C A. Dana, J. S. Pike and their political friends, including Chase, Sew- ard and Sumner. The letters cover the period 1850- 1860. Greeley was editor-in-chief, Dana the managing editor, and Pike the Washington correspondent of the i\>?/' York trihnnc. A most interesting and valuable glimpse behind the scenes of the ])olitical struggles which prepared the way for the Civil War. E. G. B. Pillsbury, Parker, Acts of the anti-slavery apostles. Boston: Cupples. 1884 [^944 Written by a fanatical Abolitionist and "come- outer," and presents excellently that side of the anti- .slavery movement. It is full of information, quoting abolitionist documents and narrating the tempestuous experiences of the writer and his fellows in the abo- lition crusade in New Hampshire. It bitterly attacks the churches ; m.akes plain the hostility between new school and old school abolitionist, and the impossi- 196 PERIOD OF THE SLAVERY QUESTION, 1828-1880 1945-1952 bility of reaching any compromise with the extrem- ists, men absolutely without jiulfiment, tact, humor or a sense of proportion. The book is very disputa- tious, with little method and frequent repetitions, and is written in a loose, turgid style. R. C. H. C. Polk, James Knox. Chase, Lucien B. History of the Polk admiuistration. N. Y. : Putnam. IHoO. [i94S Chase was a Democratic member of Congress and wrote as the apologist of Polk's administration, espe- cially of the Mexican War measures. He uses docu- ments, but with little judgment, and is extremely partisan, justifying the President's acts throughout. He is fair, however, in his estimate of Polk's charac- ter and abilities. The style is abominably rhetorical, and the author's appreciation of American valor in the Mexican War is ludicrously excessive. R. C. H. C. Pollard, Edward Albert. Black diamonds gathered in the darkey homes of the South. N. Y.: Rudney. 1859. [1946 The author, who was editor of the Richmond exam- iner during the Civil War, exhibits the southern view of slavery in the fonn of a series of letters to a north- ern friend. The book is of slight moment except for the curious indignation shown by its author over the contemjjt of some slaves for the poor whites and for his advocacy of the reopening of the slave trade. F. J. S. Powell, Aaron M. Personal reminiscences of the anti-slavery and other reforms and re- formers. Plainfield, N. J. : Anna Rice Powell. 1899. $3. [1947 " An unfinished fragment of autobiography, whose chief interest lies in the simple story of the author's enlistment in the abolition cause. . . . His reminis- cences add but little to our knowledge of his eminent coadjutors. . . . Numerous portraits and facsimiles further make this volume a useful contribution to anti-slavery literature, as well as a memorial of a most excellent man." Nation, 69: 428. Prentiss, Seargent Smith. Shields, Jo- seph D. Life and times of Seargent Smith Prentiss. Phil. : Lippincott. 1884. [1948 Mr. Prentiss, a northerner by birth, settled in Mis- sissippi, studied law, and later obtained fame as an unrivalled orator. This biography, written liy a friend, is a fairly complete narrative, with copious ex- tracts from many of his speeches and addresses. These it was impossible to report accurately, and, as Pren- tiss left little manuscript, they are regarded as but in- adequate indices of Prentiss' genius. Prentiss took but little part in politics. He earnestly opposed the act of repudiation by Mississippi. He was in Con- gress a brief period, and made a speech against the sub-treasury system. The style of this biography is characterized in places by exaggerated rhetoric, and as a biography, the narrative is somewhat confused. D. R. D. Pro-slavery argument, as maintained by the most distinguished writers of the southern states: containing essays of Chancellor Harper, Governor Hammond, Dr. Slmms, and Professor Dew. Phil. : Lippincott. 1853. [^949 Harper was one of the most distinguished jurists of South Carolina, had been a United States Senator, was twice elected Chancellor of the state, and was prom- inent in the nullification movement. James Henry Hammond, who made in the United States Senate a speech in which two famous phrases occurred, — one regarding northern " mudsills" and the other de- claring "cotton is king," — was governor of South Carolina when he wrote the two letters on slavery in reply to a circular by Thomas Clarkson, the English abolitionist, which here appear. Dr. Simms was Wil- liam (iilmore Simms, the South Carolina novelist, and his essay on the morals of slavery, here printed in amplified form, appeared originally in the Sout/icrn literary messen'jer as a review of Miss Martineau's Society in America. Thomas R. Dew was a professor in AVilliam and Mary College and afterwards its jjresi- dent. His Essay in favor of slavery (1833) " produced an extraordinary effect on the public mind and for a while set at rest the subject of emancipation in Vir- ginia." F. J. S. Quitman, Maj.-Gen. John Anthony, Clai- borne, John Francis Hamtkamck. Life and correspondence of John A. Quitman. X. Y. : Harper. 1860. 2v. [1950 The life of a Mississippi disunionist written by a disciple ; containing information upon the nature of slavery in Mississippi ; the development of the opinion that slavery was a "positive good;" southern plans regarding Texas, Mexico and Cuba ; the growth of the ideas of state sovereignty, nullification, and secession; reveals clearly " the irrepressible conflict." The book is composed largely of original letters, and is written with the utmost frankness, tlie author being irrecon- cilably opposed to the North and to all compromise ; his materials are not well digested, the book being original matter rather than a finished product. R. C. H. C. Raumer, Friedrich Ludwig Georg von. America and the American people ; tr. from the German by AVm. W. Turner. N. Y. : Langley. 1846. [1 95 1 Written by the great German historian from per- sonal observation and material collected during a visit to the United States. It contains a mass of in- formation on historical, political, social and economic subjects, much of it now without value, though the book is still of service as giving a picture of American life. The author was in sympathy with the country and its people ; possessed insight ; was unprejudiced and thoroughly equipped for his task. The principal criticism of his work is that he depended too much on material furnished by others. Letters written by him while in America are appended, and constitute per- haps the most valuable part of the book. R. C. H. C. Ross, Alexander Milton. Recollections and experiences of an Abolitionist, 1855-05. Montreal. 1867. Toronto: Rowsell. 1875. [1952 197 1953-1959 THE UNITED STATES Tlie author was a Canadian, and in 18.")6 entered upon the work of freeing slaves. He describes his visit to the United States in order to learn the safest methods of procedure. He frequently visited the South to carry out his projects. He describes several Interviews with John Brown, who disclosed some of his plans. Pages GG to lOa are devoted to IJrown's trial. This volume, while very small and brief, is exact in details of the underground railroad. There are brief abstracts from letters of the abolitionists. D. R. D. Schmeckebier, Laurence Frederick. His- tory of the Know-Nothiug part}^ in Maryland. (Johns Hopkins Univ. studies, ser. 17, nos. 4-5.) Bait. 1899. Pap. 7oc. [1953 This is an excellent account of the rise and fall of Know-Xothingism in .Maryland. Mr. Schmeckebier has drawn his information from the newspapers of the time, otticial documents, pamphlets, contempo- rary letters, and conversations with members of the party who were living when he wrote. His study will form a valuable chai)ter in that liistoiy of the Know- Nothing party in the I'nited States that yet remains to be written. C. M. A. Scott, Dred. Howakd, Benjamin Chew. Report of the decision of the Supreme Court of the U. S. and the opinions of the judges thereof in the ease of Dred Scott vs. John F. A. Sand ford. Dec. term, 1856. From 19th vol. of Howard's reports. Wash. 1857. [1954 Text of the opinion of Chief Justice Taney and of the separate opinions of Justices Wayne, Nelson, Grier, Daniel, Campbell, Catron, McLean, and Curtis. The last two dissented from the opinion of the court. Justice Nelson dissented on a single point but ex- pressed no views regarding the jNIissouri Compromise law. The other six declared that act unconstituti(mal. F. J. S. Seabury, Samuel. American slavery dis- tinguished from the slavery of English theo- rists and justified by the law of nature. N. Y. : Mason. 1861. [i955 The writer was rector of a church in New York. He admits that slavery may be wrong on economic and legal grounds, but defends it in its moral and religious aspects. The arguments are based largely on the Scrij)- tures. The publication gave offense to many northern readers. See the North American review, April, 18G1. E. E. S. Seaton, William Winston. "William Win- ston Seaton of the National intelligencer : a bio- graphical sketch. Boston: Osgood. 1871. [1956 Mr. Seaton and his brother-in-law, Joseph Gales, were from 1812 until the death of the latter in isr.o the proprietors of the National intellir/encer of Washing- ton (Mr. Seaton retaining his connection with tlie paper until ISC.O), and from 1812 to 1820 they were the exclusive reporters of the debates in C(mgress. Mr. Seaton was ff)r 12 years from 1840 Mayor of Washing- ton, and, closely associated with many of the leading statesmen from the time of Madison to that of Bu- chanan, he was especially intimate with Webster. This book, prepared by his daughter, consists chiefly of letters from various hands which, generally of a social and i)ersonal rather than a political character, give information about all sorts of celebrities from Lafay- ette to David Crockett. It has the merit of being as readable as it is discursive. F. J. S. Seward, William Henry. Works ; ed. by George E. Baker. N. Y. : Redfield. 1853-61. 4v. New ed. enl. Boston: Houghton. 1883. 5v. $15. [1957 The first three volumes of this work were published in 1853. The first contains a memoir of Seward by the editor. A'olume four was added in 1801. It continues the memoir, contains the important speeches which Seward delivered in the Senate between 1853 and 18G1, and a brief but heli)ful biography of De Witt Cliuton. Volume five was jjublishcd after Seward's death and completes the series. In this are found a diary and notes on the war, selections from Seward's diplomatic correspondence, and his later sjjeeches. The guber- natorial addresses in the second volume are of special value to the student of New York politics and furnish helpful material on the development of internal im- provements. To the student of national politics, the speeches on the slave question and the beginnings of the Republican party, in the fourth volume, are of special importance. There is an index for each vol- ume. As the work was published at different stages, it lacks a well-digested plan. The editor has added, however, occasional notes of value. D. R. D. Autobiograph}^ 1801-34 ; with memoir, 1831-46, by Frederick W. Seward. N. Y. : Appleton. 1877. — Sewakd, Frederick W. Seward at Washington, 1846-73. [Suppl. to above.] N. Y. : Derby. 1891. 2v. [1958 The autobiographical portion consists of less than one fourth of the first volume, ending with the year 1834 when Seward was elected Governor of New York at the early age of Xi. The narrative of early life, his entrance into and rapid progress in politics is candid and interesting. The niemoir by his son be- gins with the year 1831 . A large i)art of this consists of extracts from Seward's letters, journals and speeches. The letters to his wife were especially frequent and unreserved, so that for considerable i)eriods of Sew- ard's life they serve as a diary. Notes of conversa- tions, anecdotes, political and social gossip are freely included. The editor, Seward's son, was closely asso- ciated with his father, being engaged in New York journalism for some years before the Civil War, and after his father's appointment as Secretary of State, made Assistant Secretary. The editor has endeavored to make the work " the stor>' of a life, not the history of a time." The correspondence with Thurlow Weed is particularly noteworthy and inehules a considerable number of letters from Weed to Seward. D. R. D. — LoTiiiiOP, Thornton Kirkland. Wil- liam Henry Seward. (American statesmen.) Boston: Houghton. 1896. $1.25. [i959 198 PERIOD OF THE SLAVERY QUESTION, 1828-1860 1960-1965 Seward was Governor of New York 1838-42 ; United States Senator 1849-(;i ; and Secretary of State during; the administrations of Lincoln and Johnson. The most important official incidents durinjj; his governor- ship were the McLeod affair and a controversy with the state of Virginia over tiie return of fugitive slaves ; as Senator he participated in the great debates over the Comjironnse of 1X50, tlii' rei>eal of the Missouri Comjiromise, and the Kansas struggle ; and as Secre- tary of State his administration dealt with the delicate questions of diplonuicy occasioned by the Civil War. On all these and other minor jiolitical events in which Seward, as a public official, was involved, this bio- graphy represents a careful and judicious narrative. It is recognized that Seward made mistakes ; on the other hand the loftiness of Seward's purpose and the strength of his character are impressed upon the reader. The work is more a partial history of the period covered than a biography. There is little at- tempt to portray Seward's personality, and in this respect the biography is too colorless and lacks in- terest. D. R. D. Siebert, Wilbur Henry. The underground railroad from slavery to freedom; with an in- trod. by Albert Bushnell Hart. N. Y. : Mac- millan. 1898. §4. [i960 " No one before Professor Siebert has undertaken to make a survey of the whole field of operations of the philanthropists, southern as well as northern, who made organized efforts to guide and shelter fugitives from slavery. These efforts were necessarily secret, and it was unsafe to keep records. . . . Professor Sie- bert's work has been to piece together a multitude of inrlependcnt facts, obtained at the cost of immense laboi". It is well he began his task while many are living who were active agents of the underground railroad. . . . He names not only the leaders and he- roes of the movement, but humbler devotees to the cause of liberty, to the number of several thousands. In an appendix he gives thirty-five pages of closely printed names of underground railroad operators, arranged alphabetically by states and counties, and this is but one of many examples of his thoroughness which might be given. . . . Professor Hart, of Har- vard University, contributes an introduction to this valuable work, in which he calls attention to the points upon which Professor Siebert's immense labor throws new light." Samuel T. Pickard, in American his- torical review, \: 557. Smith, Gerrit. FuoTniNGnAM, Octavius Brooks. Gerrit Smith : a biography. N. Y. : Putnam. 1878. [1961 Gerrit Smith was a resident of the interior of New York state, devoted during the period 1830-70 to re- forms, embracing temperance, land reform, and, espe- cially, the freedom of the negro slave. This account of him, written by a sympathetic friend and radical, is a series of characterizations imder the headings of religion, humanity, temperance, slavery, etc., rather than a biographical narrative. Copious extracts are made from Smith's letters, tracts, and speeches. He was an uncompromising abolitionist, and represents on the slavery question, the radical i)osition. The book is of value for its references to the underground railroad, fugitive slave law, and the John Brown epi- sode. D. R. D. Southern literary messenger. Richmond, Aug. 1834-June, 1864. 3Gv. (Revived and ntunbers issued for ]\Iay, June, July, 1890 ; from Washington, D. C.) [1962 This magazine, founded in 1H34 by Thomas W. White, was soon put under the editorial management of Ed- gar Allan Poe, and his remarkable work as a poet, story teller and critic, gave the magazine a national reputation which it maintained with more or less vari- ation during the thirty years of its existence. It be- came an American magazine and drew both support and contributions from all quarters. All the best writers of the South are represented in its pages. It became the chief depositoi-y for the literary output of the South, and as such will bear comparison with other contemporary American magazines. It was devoted principally to literary movements, with history and economic problems as side issues, but in later years became a bold and outspoken advocate of southern institutions and an exponent of southern opinions. Its chief value lies in the fact that it is a great store- house for the history of southern life and manners. S. B. W. Sprague, Col. John Titcomb. Origin, pro- gress, and conclusion of the Florida'war. N. Y. : Appleton. 1848. [1963 "The story of the wonderful contests of a savage tribe of less than four thousand, of all ages, in 1822, and less than one thousand in 1845, with the disci- plined forces of the United States, for nearly a quarter of a century, is here told with all its minutest rela- tions." T. W. Field, Indian bibliography, p. 375. Still, William. The underground railroad. Phil. : Porter. 1872. Underground railroad records ; new rev. ed., with life of author. Phil. : Still. 1883. [1964 A collection of stories of fugitive slaves related by themselves and compiled by the secretary of the Penn- sylvania Anti-Slavery Society, himself a free negro. Tliey concern most largely the fugitives passing through eastern Pennsylvania and show the aid ren- dered to them by the Friends (Quakers). Sketches of the persons most prominent in this assistance are inserted. The language is fi-equently complex and difficult to understand. This was the most valuable book on the subject until the appearance of Siebert's Undei-ground railroad (sect. 1960). E. E. S. Stringfellow, Thornton. Scriptural and statistical views in favor of slavery. 4th ed. Richmond, Va. 1856. [1965 This is a small work of 150 pages devoted to proving that slavery had the sanction of the Almighty in the patriarchal age ; that this institution was incor]30- ratcd in the only national constitution which ever emanated from God ; that its legality was recognized by Jesus Christ ; and that it is full of mercy. The sta- tistical view begins with page 109. A comparison is made of six New England states and five old slave 199 1966-1972 THE UNITED STATES states as to the progress of religion, wealth, increase of population, pauperism, etc. The work is of no positive value, save as a reflection of views held fifty years ago. D. R. D. Stroud, George M. Sketch of the laws re- lating to slavery iu the several states of the United States. -Phil. 1837. 2d ed. enl. Phil. 1856. [1966 " The state of slavery in this country, so far as it can be ascertained from the laws of the several inde- pendent sovereignties which belong to our confed- eracy, is the subject " of this book, which includes a particular examination of the slave state statutes and a cursory notice of the abolition of slaverj' in those states in which it had ceased to exist. The final chap- ter deals \sith the encroachments induced by slavery on freedom of speech and the press, and the federal laws relating to slavery are treated in the appendix. The author was a lawyer and wrote from an anti-slavery standpoint, though he took pains to say he had never been a member of any anti-slavery society. F. J. S. Sumner, Charles, Works. Boston : Lee. 1870-83. 15 V. §3 per v. [1967 Sumner's works are of special importance because of his prominent position in the anti-slaverj' struggle; but his long exi)erience in political life, and his wide acquaintance, add to the permanent interest of his career. In this collection, orations, addresses and speeches are arranged chronologically, without classi- fication as to subjects. There are useful prefatory notes to the various pieces. W. MacD. — Dawes, Axna Laurens. Charles Sum- ner. (Makers of America.) N. Y.: Dodd. 1892. 81. [1968 An Interesting and well written book devoted chiefly to the public career of Sumner, but giving a good por- trayal of his personal and social characteristics. Pos- sibly the author may be justly charged with leaning toward stalwart republicanism ; but on the whole the work is fair-minded. It furni.shes an entertaining narrative of the great slavery contest from the annex- ation of Texas, 184.^, until after the adoption of the fif- teenth amendment, 1870. The author is .strongly in sympathy with the anti-slavery cause but does not in- dulge in indiscriminate praise of Sumner. A. C. McL. — Pierce, Edward LrLLiE. Memoir and letters of Charles Sumner. Boston : Kol)erts. 1877-93. 4v. Little. 4v. §12. [1969 For the rise of the slavery issue, the legislation of the period of Civil War and Reconstruction, and the history of the foreign relations of the United States from 18f>l to 1871, this work is almost indispensable. Mr. Pierce was a lifelong friend of Sumner, and has edited his letters with the greatest care. The accom- panying memf)ir is remarkably fair and judicious. The first two volumes are more important for the intel- lectual and social history of Xew England than for national history ; the fourth volume offers, in many respects, the best general view yet written of the na- tional aspects of Reconstruction. The volumes con- tain a mass of letters from a large number of distin- guished foreigners. Additional selections from the letters of John Bright and Richard Cobden to Sumner during the Civil War were published in the American historical revicxv for Jan. 1897. E. G. B. Taney, Roger Brooke. Tyler, Samuel. Memoir of Roger Brooke Taney, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Bait. : Murphy. 1873. Rev. ed. 1876. [1970 Tliis volume is the work of a friend of the subject and undertaken at his request. The first chapter, treating of the early life of Taney, is an autobiography. The bulk of the book is occupied by comments on Taney's judicial decisions. The author desires to " vindicate" these opinions as well as Taney's action in the bank controversy. The work is scholarly, but strongly biased. One chapter is devoted to the i)rivate life of the Chief Justice. The appendix contains the Dred Scott decision and other papers. E. E. S. Tappan, Arthur. Tappan, Lewis. Life of Arthur Tappan. N. Y. : Hurd. 1870. [1971 Tappan was connected with the agitation for the abolition of slavery from its beginning in 1830 to its close ; associated with Garrison, Beecher, John Quincy Adams, and Whittier. He became president of the moderate or political wing in the split of 1840. The author is the brother of the subject and writes from personal knowledge. E. E. S. Trollope, Mrs. Frances Eleanor (Milton). Domestic manners of the Americaus. Loudon : Whittaker. 1832. 2v. Same; [with introd. by Harry Thurston Peck.] N. Y. :Dodd. 1894. 2v. $2. [1972 Mrs. Trollope came to the United States in 1827 and resided in different jjarts of the country for about tliree years and a half. Her observations are con- cerned chiefly with the manners and customs of the people, which are believed to be the product of the political system of democracy. In her own words, she endeavors " to show how greatly the advantage is on the side of those who are governed by the few instead of the many." The author frankly discloses her dislike for this country, and the work so angered the Ameri- can i)eoi)le that it stood tor a half century as typical of English judgment of American social life. Her travels for the most part were confined to the newer .sections of the countrj'. She si)ent by far the larger part of her time in Cincinnati, then almost a frontier town. The style is excellent and in spite of its pre- judiced tone is of value to those who can bear criticism with a calm temper. Moreover, " there are passages of great suggesti veness and power. Such, for instance, is the account of the camp-meeting scene at midnight. Equal in interest are the revival scenes ; the descrip- tion of the religious debate between Alexander Camp- bell and Hobcrt Dale Owen ; the account of the recep- tion of I'resident .Jackson in Cincinnati ; the writer's imi)ressiond- ence. E. G. B. — Curtis, George Ticknor. Life of Dan- iel Webster. N. Y.: Appleton. 1870. 2v. $4. [1981 Written from Webster's papers, and the most com- plete life of that statesman. Discusses also at length the measures in which Webster took part. Unfortu- nately 5Ir. Curtis is throughout a special pleader, and always presents his subject in the most favorable light. This fault nuich reduces the value of an ex- tremely valuable book. The writer is dogmatic and biased, but thoroughly informed and very able. The book is well written ; its style is strong and effective. R. C. H. C. — Hapgood, Norman. Daniel Webster. (Beacon biographies.) Boston: Small. 1899. 75c. [1982 See Beacon biographies, in Division 2, beyond. — Harvey, Peter. Reminiscences and an- ecdotes of Daniel Webster. Boston: Little. 1877. $3. [1983 Mr. Harvey was a merchant in Boston, and enjoyed for many years the most intimate confidence of Web- ster. He asserts that he wishes the world to know Webster's sweetness of temper, kindness of heart, the depth of his friendships, his firm hold upon the facts of the Christian religion, the pathos and humor of his home life. The personal memoirs are supple- mented by other memorabilia placed at the author's disposal, and arranged, so far as the material i)ermits, chronologically. The volume is full of anecdotes, many of which, however, are somewhat trite and do not honor Mr. AVebster in the sense that the author intended. Mr. Heniy Cabot Lodge, in his Life of Webstar (p. 95), criticises the work as untrustworthy. " There is not a statement in it which can be safely accepted unless supported by other evidence." D. K. D. — Lanman, Charles. Private life of Dan- iel Webster. N.Y.: Harper. 1852. [1984 A gossipy description of Webster's early life, his college days, his residences at Elms Park and at Marshfield, and his death. There are numerous anec- dotes and extracts from private letters. The writer was the private secretary of Webster and published this sketch soon after his death. Consequently it em- braces much of the eulogistic. E. E. S. — Lodge, Henry Cabot. Daniel Webster. (American statesmen.) Boston: Houghton. 1883. $1.25. [1985 An appreciative study written by a well-informed scholar, who has carefully examined the sources. He is no unmeasured panegyrist of the man, pointing out faults as well as merits. The writer considers Hayne to have been nearer right than Webster in respect to the original interpretation of the Constitution. The literary quality of the work is verj- high. R. C. H. C. Weed, Thurlow. [V. 1] Autobiography ; ed. by Harriet A. Weed. Boston : Houghton. 1883. [V. 2] Memoir of Thurlow Weed ; by Thurlow Weed Barnes. Houghton. 1884. [1986 Vol. 1 covers the years 1809-1880. Unfortunately, the important periods 1842-48 and 1852-GO are only briefly treated. The book is especially useful for the history of the party politics of New York and of the I'nion, Weed being always a leader of his party, whether Anti-Mason, Whig or Republican. As usual in auto- biographies, Weed by no means tells all he knows, ex- cepting in the case of the :Morgan mystery, which is discussed at great length. The book is written in a careless, rambling fashion from scattered notes, with excellent temper and in newspaper English. R. C. H. C. The second volume is a memoir of Thurlow Weed, written by his grandson, Thurlow AVeed Barnes. It contains much matter that will interest and instruct the student of politics ; but the tone is always highly eulogistic, and, at times, markedly partisan. A. D. M. Weeden, William B. Early African slave trade in New England. See American Anti- quarian Society, sect. 237. [1987 Weeks, Stephen Beauregard. Southern Quakers and slavery : a study in institutional history. (.Johns Hopkins Univ. studies, extra v. 15.) Bait. 1896. $2. [1988 " In its patient research among original records and rare books, its dispassionate statement of the facts ascertained, and its generally lucid style and onlerly arrangement, this forms a valuable contribution to the institutional history of the old states of the South." Howard M. .Jenkins, in Annals of the Amer- ican Acadeni)/, V. S. IK'.x;. " One cannot but acknowledge that Dr. Weeks is a scholar capable of both exhaustive and enthusiastic work. He has laid both a whole religious denominac 202 PERIOD OF THE SLAVERY QUESTION, 1828-18G0 1989-1996 tion and a section under obligations to him." Prof. W. P. Trent in American hisloriccd review, v. 2. 1897. Wentworth, John. Congressional reminis- cences, Adams, Denton, Calhoun, Clay and Webster. (Fergus historical ser., no. 24.) Chicago: Fergus Prtg. Co. 1882. [1989 The author, a journalist in Chicago, was a member of Congress, 184:i-isr)l, 18.53-1855. This paper is the result of a lecture before the Chicago Historical So- ciety. The reminiscences are frank, and throw light upon the fundanieiital characteristics of tlie men named. Although the author entered Congress as a Democrat, his sympathies were broad, and his char- acterizations are fair. The sketch is naturally brief, and of value only as collateral reading. In the ap- pendix are reprinted several documents of interest to the history of Illinois. D. R. D. Wheeler, Henry G. History of Congress, biographical and political. N. Y. : Harper. 1848. 2v. [1990 Consists of brief biographies of thirty-two members of Congress, serving about the years 1840 to 1850, and chapters on the House, the Calling of the Roll, and Internal Improvements. The " biographies " are com- posed largely of the speeches made by the respective sul)jects. The collection of speeches and statistics , under " Intei-nal improvements" is meritorious only because such a compilation has rarely been made. See Lanman's Dictionary of Congress, later and better arranged. E. E. S. Williams, George Washington. History of the negro race in America, 1619-1880. N. Y. : Putnam. 1833. 2v. 1885. 2v. in 1. [c. 1882.] [1991 The only important history of the colored race written by a colored man. Describes the negro in Africa and in the various American colonies, with his share in the war for independence. Treats of slav- ery extension, anti-slavery organizations, the Civil War and reconstruction period. In the writer's view, hope for the future lies in the education of the negro and his accumulation of property. The work is opti- mistic, often lacking cohesion and good historic treat- ment, and replete with faulty rhetoric. Its greatest value to the student lies in certain compilations con- cerning the negro made from the colonial records. E. E. S. Wilson, Henry. History of the rise and fall of the slave power in America. Boston: Osgood. 1872-7. 3 v. Houghton. 3 v. §9. [1992 The most extended work on the subject, and one of much value, though corrected in numerous details by the investigations of later scholars. The author was prominent in political life during the more acute phase of the slaverj' contest, and writes often from personal knowledge. Of especial importance are the sunimaries of debates in Congress and the accounts of the abolition movement ; but the absence of references to authorities is a serious drawback. The author evi- dently strives after impartiality ; but his strong preju- dices as a northern statesman are not concealed, and slavery is more an evil to be denounced than an insti- tution to be studied and explained. W. MacD. Wise, Henry Alexander. Seven decades of the Union. Phil. : Lippincott. 1872. [1993 Wise was a prominent Virginian politician in Con- gress during the thirties and Governor, 18.'i5-5'J. He was of strong personality, at times erratic, forceful, and thoroughly acquainted witli the motive forces of politics in his section. He was a special admirer and counsellor of Tyler, — and the sub-title of this volume reads " A memoir of John Tyler with reminiscences of some of his great contemporaries." The style is rhetorical and the material disconnected, so that the reader will be justified in frequent omissions. The work is valuable not only for the numerous anecdotes of prominent statesmen of the Jackson period, but also for the philosophical digressions in regard to the states right doctrine. While accepting the southern interpretation of the Constitution, Wise formulated the doctrine in a less extreme fonn. The seven dec- ades represent the period, 1790-1860. D. R. D. — Wise, Barton H. Life of Henry A. Wise of Virginia, 1806-76 ; by his grandson ; introd. by John S. Wise. N. Y.: Macmillan. 1899. $3. [1994 "This readable biography of Governor Wise is very largely an index to the history of Virginia during the very important period when a long struggle in the state was ended by the adoption of a modernized con- stitution, when the greater struggle between state sovereignty and the powers of the federal government came to an issue, and Virginia had to decide her place. . . . General Lee, when about to surrender, gave to Wise, then a Major-General and remembered by north- erners as the man who had himg John Brown, an op- portunity to leave Virginia, but Wise preferred to sur- render, to stay with his people and to help build up his fallen state. His letters and addresses after the war were marked by the same spirit." Jeffrey R. Brackett, in Am. hist, rev., 5: 1.50. An extremely well-written biography in its unusual judgment, accuracy, calm impartiality and use of Eng- lish. Tliere is no attempt to avoid facts militating against Wise, while the man and his principles are clearly presented. R. C. H. C. Woodburn, James A. Historical signifi- cance of the Missouri compromise. See Ameri- can Historical Association, sect. 245. [i99S Woodbury, Levi. Writings, political, judi- cial and literary. Boston: Little. 1852. 3v. [1996 Woodbury's life covered the period of the first half of this century. In 1823 he was made Governor of New Hampshire; 1825, United States Senator; 1831, Secre- tary of the Navy; 1834, Secretary of the Treasury; 1841, United States Senator; and in 1845 Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He thus h.id a long and varied experience in public affairs. He was specially associated with Jackson's administmtion, and a supporter of his measures. The first volume 203 1997-2004 THE UNITED STATES contains speeches ; the second, judicial decisions and arfruments; the third, "literarj-" or more general writings. Among the speeches are many devoted to tariff legislation and banking questions, including the removal of deposits from the United States banks. Among the so-called literary papers of the third vol- ume is the valuable report on cotton submitted when SecretarA- of the Treasury in 183G. Woodbury's speeches are rather ponderous in style but good examples of northern Democratic argument in the period 1830-i5. D. 11. D. Wright, Silas. Hammond, Jabez D. Life and times of Silas Wriglit. Syracuse : Hall. 1848. [1997 A continuation of Hammond's Political hiatori/ of jVci/' York (q. v.) and printed as the third volume of that work in the edition of 1852. It is the most tnistworthy history of the complicated political situa- tions in the state of Kew York between 1825 and 1847, and shows the early influence of Xew York politics on national issues. The treatment is modestly non-par- tisan, but naturally inclined to favor the Democratic party, of which Silas ^Vright was a life-long member. E. E. S. — Jenkins, John Stillwell. Life of Silas Wright. Auburu, N. Y. : Alden. 1847. [1998 The authority for the political history of the state of New York from 1824 to 1847. It presents the Demo- cratic, strict-construction, anti-tariff side. Especially valuable for information on the canal system of New York, the second bank of the United States, the anti- rent disturbances, and the New York Constitution of 1846. Several of ^Vright's speeches make up an appen- dix. E. E. S. Yancey, William Lowndes, DuBose, John Witiiekspoon. Life and times of Wil- liam Lowndes Yancey. Birmingham, Ala. : Roberts. 1892. [1999 Under this " leader of the southern movement," the author considers Alabama i)olitics from 1840 to 1854 and national politics thereafter to 1863. A most inter- esting presentation of the southern or states rights side of the great controversy. Treats of nullification, abolition, the compromises, secession, and the south- em Confederacy. The descriptions of the acts of secession ans was so strongly felt, contains so much info 1 rtaining thereto, and few narratives of ar v , • .' ■ f New Mexico's later history are more interfniagly A.itten. Thechaj)- ter on the early history of the territory formed the basis of the author's SjMmish conquest. F. W. H. Dixon, Susan Bullitt {Mrs. Archibald). True history of the jMis.souri Compromise and its repeal. Cin. : Clarke. 1899. §4. [2027 Certainly not the true history of the Compromise and repeal. Mrs. Dixon uses her husband's papers, and proves that the repealing clause was originally Dixon's, and his alone. In other respects, her work is eminently unsatisfactory. She is not qualified for her task and adopts all through the strict states-riglits view and the astonishingly sophistical arguments of Douglas as to the nature of the Compromise and its repeal. The book is too voluminous, and shows little mastery of material, page after page being quotation from the Congressional debates ; its logic is unsound ; its bias pronounced ; its temper marked ; its style dif- fuse and weak. R. C. H. C. Downie, Maj. William. Huntmg for gold : reminiscences of personal experience in the early days, from Alaska to Panama. San Fran- cisco : California Pub. Co. 1893. [2028 The author of this book was the founder of the min- ing camp of Downieville, Sierra Co., California, now a large and flourishing town, and his narrative is of the kind that furnishes many a novelist with his "raw material," so overflowing are his pages with local color and with good frontier stories. It deserves a place among the best of Pacific coast pioneer reminiscences. C. H. S. Dunn, Jacob Piatt. Slavery petitions and papers. (Indiana Hist. Soc. Pubhcations, v. 2, no. 12.) Indianapolis. 1894. [2029 Petitions to Congress from the Northwest and In- diana territories for the suspension of the article of the Ordinance of 1787 forbidding slaverj- in the North- west territorj', together with counter petitions, the reports on them, and accompanying papers. The editor has included the report of a committee of the Indiana legislature in 1808 against the admission of slavery. p. J. S. Edward, David B. History of Texas ; or The emigrant's, farmer's, and politician's guide to the character, climate, soil and productions of that country. Cin. : James. 1836. [2030 A sketch covering in a more or less satisfactory way the various subjects included in its title, written by a Texas .school-teacher, who belonged to the party op- posed, during the earlier stages of the Revolution, to a complete severance from Mexico. The members of this party were called by the radical revolutionists Tories. Tlie style of the book is bad, and the narrative often difficult to follow. Its chief value lies in the insight it gives into the " Ton." view of the Revolu- tion, and in its re])rinting entire several rare and important documents. G. P. G. Ferguson, Charles D. Experiences of a '49'cr during 34 years residence in California and Australia. Cleveland : Williams Pub. Co. 207 2031-2037 THE UNITED STATES 1888. Cleveland: The N. G. Hamilton Pub. Co. §2. [2031 About 200 pages of this book are devoted to ex- periences " on the plains" and in California. The volume is "edited" by F. T. ■\Vallace, from notes made by Mr. Ferguson " from memorj-, and from per- sonal interviews." This process has succeeded in almost eliminating the personal equation, and the fine old pioneer has nearly disappeared. His own notes, however illiterate, would have had more historical value. C. H. 8. Foote, Henry Stuart. Texas and the Tex- ans ; or Advance of tlie Anglo-Americans to the south-west; including a history of leading events in Mexico, from the conquest by Fer- nando Cortes to the termination of the Texan revolution. Phil. : Cowperthwait. 1841. 2v. [2032 A work which the author says he was invited to undertake " by more than twenty of the most con- spicuous actors " in the Revolution. It contains many rare documents, and is a valuable authority, but does not always show jtulicial fairness towards the Mexi- cans. Vol. 1 gives a brief sketch of Mexican history down to 1824, and a more extended treatment of the history of Texas from the Burr expedition down to the Revolution. Vol. 2 is devoted to the Revolution. A third volume was contemplated, but it never ap- peared. G. P. G. Forbes, Alexander (James). California: a history of Upper and Lower California from their first Discovery. London : Smith. 1839. [2033 A rare book. The author was afterwards British Vice-Consul in San Francisco. ' He published his book under the name of Alexander Forbes, leading later historians to suppose there were two prominent men of the name in California. Forbes's history was the first original work in English on California ; it called the attention of Europe to opportunities for settlement and political control, described vast agricultural pos- sibilities, spoke of afuture Isthmus canal, etc. A vei-y interesting work, full of information and still worth reading. C. H. S. Fowler, Jacob. Journal, narrating an ad- venture from Arkansas through the Indian Territory, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico, to the sources of Rio Grande del Norte, 1821-22 ; ed. with notes by Elliott Coues. N. Y. : Harper. 1898. $3 net. [2034 This journal " belongs to the rich store of Americana collected by Col. R. T. liurrett of Louisville, Kentucky, the accomplished president of the Filson Club. Major Fowler, bom in Xew York in 1765, came to Kentucky in early life to carry on the profession of a surveyor, . . . and he did much work in this line for the national goverrmient. ' His surveying,' says Colonel Durrett, ' extended to the great plains and mountains of the far west, before civilization had reached those distant wilds.' . . . The editor points out the Major's place in the history of the exploration of the vast r :gion ex- tending from the Missouri to the Rio Grande." Dial, 25 : 108. Fremont, Maj.-Oen. John Charles. Me- moirs of my life. Chicago ; Belford. 1887. V. 1. [2035 Only one volume of these memoirs has been pub- lished, covering the years to 1847. It is of service for the exploring expeditions of Fremont, and tells the story of his "conquest" of California, though hardly the true story. Sketches of Senator Benton and other public men are scattered through its pages. There are many illustrations, some ven,' good, some very indif- ferent, and seven maps, on which the same judgment must be passed. The concluding chapter deals with the botany and geology of the territory explored. The literary form is good. R. C. H. C. Report of the exploring expedition to the Rocky Mountains, 1842, and to Oregon and North Cahfornia, 1843-44. Wash. 1845. Buffalo. 1851. [2036 " The first of the two expeditions, of which we have an account in the volume above referred to, termi- nated at the summit of the Rocky INIountains, after an examination of the south pass — the lowest depression of the mountains and the present route to Oregon — and an ascent to the summit of Fremont's peak in the Wind River chain, believed to be the highest eleva- tion in the Rocky Mountain range. In the second, by a different route, he reached the same pass, and thence proceeded to the Great Salt Lake and Fort Vancouver ; he next went south just to the east of the Cascade range, over an unexplored region, to latitude 38^ 44', where he crossed the snowj' heights, and finally after severe trials arrived at San Francisco. From this place he went south, ascending the fine valley of the Joachim, and in latitude 34i° turned northeast across the California semi-desert, to Utah lake. A complete circuit was thus made in eight months, which cost them 3500 miles of travelling ; and during this time they were never out of sight of snow. Captain Fre- mont's journal is written in a graphic style, bearing evidence of literal accuracy in all its statements, and yet in many parts reading like a romance. . . . The work is illustrated by many fine views of scenery, be- sides five plates of fossils and four of recent plants. There was no retinue of science attached to the ex- pedition, yet by personal exertion, in connection with his other arduous duties, Caiitain Fn-niont made valu- able geological and botanical collections. Unfortu- nately, a considerable i)ortion of them were lost by accidents from which our travellers barely escaped with their lives." Anur lean journal of science, 53: 192. — BiGELOW, John. Memoir of the life of John Charles Fremont. N. Y. : Derby. 1856. [2037 " An excellent book, and gives many of the Cali- fornia documents." J. R. Soley, in Narrative and critical hist, of Am., 7: 445. Gladstone, Thomas H. The Englishman in Kansas ; or Squatter life and border warfare ; 208 WESTWARD EXPANSION, 1828-1860 2038-2046 with introd. by Frederick Law Olmsted. Lon- don : Routledge. 1857. * [2038 The work of an English newspaper correspondent. He supplements his own experiences and observations with numerous newspaper extracts, and presents an interesting and valuable picture of Kansas society and Kansas politics in 18,">6. The book is accurate, well- written and frankly Free-Soil in its sympathies. The introduction deals with the condition of southern slaverj-. R. C. H. C. Gray, William Henry. History of Oregon, 1793-18-49. Portland, Ore. : Harris & Holman. 1870. [2039 This book, written from the point of view of an in- tensely partisan Oregon pioneer, reflects to the fullest extent the bitterness of that remarkable conflict be- tween rival commercial companies, different religions and opposing nations and races of men, especially in its erroneous statement that the Whitman massacre was instigated by the Catholic missionaries. No other book so well sets forth pioneer views of the Eng- lish occupation of Oregon, the acts of the Jesuit fathers, the causes of the failure of the Protestant missions and the ditticulties, social, physical and po- litical, that the early settlers had to contend with. It is written with more than ordinary ability and skill in arranging evidence, so that its influence upon later accounts of the founding of Oregon has been much greater than it really deserves. In this book first ajjpears the now disproved stoi-y that Dr. Marcus Whitman by his journey to the East in 1»42 saved Oregon to the Union, a romantic tale which has passed into many popular histories, but which modern criti- cism shows to be untrue. The student will find docu- ments of value in Gray, but his statements must always be taken with caution. C. H. S. See, also, sect. 2075, 3392, 3407, 3425. Gregg, Josiah. Commerce of the prairies: or The journal of a Santa Fe trader. N. Y. : Langley. 1844. 2v. [2040 The value of the book as an account of the early trading expeditions over the famous Santa ¥6 trail, of pioneer life in the extreme southwest prior to its ac- quisition by the United States, of the condition of affairs in Xew Mexico during the author's nine years' residence as a trader therein, and of the manners and customs of the aborigines of New Mexico and Texas with whom he came in contact, can scarcely be over- estimated. The narrative is interesting, trutliful al- most beyond criticism, and withal is one of the best contributions to southwestern literature that has ever appeared. F. W. H. Hale, Edward Everett. Kansas and Ne- braska. Boston : Phillips. 1854. [2041 The preface bears date of Aug. 21, 1854 — less than three months after the passage of the act to organize the territories of Nebraska and Kansas. The book aims to present a concise account of the history and physical conditions of the territories, and assist in the effort of the emigrant aid societies to people the region with free-state settlers. Chap. 8 gives the text of the Kansas-Nebraska act, and Appendix A the constitu- tion of the Worcester Co., Mass., Kansas League. As a contemporary description, with propagandist object, of the Kansas region on the eve of the great struggle for the possession of it, the work still has value. W. MacD. Harby, Mrs. Lee C. The earliest Texas. See American Historical Association, sect. 244. [2042 Haskins, Charles W. Argonauts of Cali- fornia : reminisceuces of scenes and incidents that occurred in California in early mining days. N. Y. : Fords, Howard & Ilurlbert. 1890. S3. 25. [2043 A list of about 35,000 pioneers of California occupies 142 pages of this book, constituting its only historical value. The author had interesting experiences in the mines of California, and he tells many curious stories, mingled with a few facts, in a careless, uneducated way, but not without a crude sense of humor and some powers of observation. It cannot be said to have any literary quality whatever. C. H. S. Helper, Hinton Rowan. Land of gold : reality vs. fiction. Bait. : Author. 1855. [2044 A book essential to the understanding of pioneer California, as it gives the strongest possible account of the dark sides of life in 1849. To Mr. Helper the soil was barren, the mines were " played out," society was in a condition of anarchy, the state was bank- rupt, and everj-thing had been enormously overrated. He had the courage of his convictions, and thus has preserved much regarding that stormy, many-sided period that cannot be found in the pages of other his- torians. C. H. S. Houston, Gen. Samuel. Bruce, Henry. Life of General Houston, 1793-1863. (Makers of America.) N. Y.: Dodd. [c. 1891.] 81. [2045 The author describes himself as " unable or unwill- ing to undertake the six months' journeying through Tennessee and Texas which would have constituted the ideal prelhninary to a life of Houston." Instead, he went to London, and studied in the British Mu- seum. To this course are doubtless due some of the faults of the work. Tlie biography as given by ^Ir. Bruce is very largely composed of quotations from other biographers and from standard historians, which have been cleverly strung together. In his own con- tributions, the author is so entirely out of touch with the early career of Houston and with the Texans, that it seems a i)ity he did not leave the biography to some more sympathetic hand. The style, though bright, is often marred by flippancy. In spite of the defects of the work, however, the extracts given make a graphic story. J. R. F. — Williams, Alfred Mason. Sam Hous- ton and the war of independence in Texas. Boston: Houghton. 1893. $3. [2046 The author was well fitted for the writing of this biography by his sympathy with his hero, by his ex- tensive knowledge of the existing works on the sub- 209 2047-2054 THE UNITED STATES ject, and by his personal acquaintance with Texans some of much interest, from " Colusi," now Colusa, who knew Houston. His Information is, also, based written in 1851. upon a study of the Texan archives, and upon con- versations with Judge Keys, a Cherokee, who knew Houston, while in exile among the Indians. In his estimate of Houston's character and career, the au- thor shows sound judgment and excellent temper. The only departure from this fairness of treatment is at the period of the Civil War, where the author characterizes the southern leaders as a band of con- spirators. The style is clear and forcible. The work contains an index, a bibliography, and a map. J. R. F. Hubbard, Bela. Memorials of a half-cen- tur}'. K Y. : Putnam. 1887. [2047 The author of this work, as he teUs us, came to De- troit in 1835, when it had fewer than 5,000 inhabitants, and from this point he carried on the studies that furnished the materials which he afterwards worked up into effective literarj' form. His general field was the old Northwest, but his special field was Michigan. His period for obsei-vation was a fortunate one, and he possessed both the faculties of observation and the literary skill to use his opportunities to good advantage. The book Ls almost wholly a record of personal observation and reflection. Its general divi- sions are, Sceneiy and Description, History and An- tiquities, Fauna and Flora, and Climatology. B. A. H. Huntley, Sir Henry Vere. California ; its gold and its inhabitants. London : Newby. 1856. 2v. [2048 P*ublished without the author's name on the title- page ; chiefly compiled from a journal written in 1852 when the author was representing foreign capitalists in the California mines. The author's journeys covered a large part of the state. His observations are gen- erally accurate, extremely outspoken and very Eng- lish. The state of society he describes was long ago extinct. It is one of the most amusing of the English books on California. C. H. S. Hutchings, T. Rosenfield. California mag- azine. San Francisco. 1856-61. [2049 Tliis magazine began in July, 1856, and ceased publi- cation with the issue for June, 1861. It contained a good deal of history, but devoted more attention to descriptions of California. It was the successor to Ewer's pioneer mar/azine (sect. 20G3) and, like that publication, is now difficult to obtain. C. H. S. Ide, William Brown, Ide, Simeon. Bio- graphical sketch of the life of William B. Ide, etc. Published " for the subscribers." n. p., n. d. [c. 1880.] [2050 Also titled Scraps of California history never be- fore pnlilishfd. Extremely rare. Copy in Library of Univ. of California thought worth .?25. Essential to the full understanding of tlie Bear Flag episode in California, so strenuously discussed by historians. Rambling, illiterate and contradictory, Imt contains (p]). 100-20G) Ide's long letter to Senator Wambough, giving his amended version of the Bear Flag affair. Contains other Ide MSS. not elsewhere published. C. H. S. Irving, Washington, Astoria. Phil.: Carey. I806. N. Y.: Putnam. $1.50. 75c. [2051 Irving was put in possession of a large number of original manuscriijts relating to Astoria by J. J. Astor. In addition he drew largely from other writers on Oregon. The result is a book indispensable to the student of the early historj- of Oregon, written in the inimitable style of this ma.ster of language. Irving's powerful imagination, however, occasionally led him to embellish the facts ; he was also ignorant in respect to the geography of the West, and is not infrequently in error as to dates. An edition of the book with critical notes is a desideratum. R. C. H. C. A writer in the Xation (65 : 499. Dec. 23, 1897) at- tempts to follow the route of the overland Astoria party. Jones, Anson. Memoranda and official cor- respondence relating to the republic of Texas, its history and annexation ; including a brief autobiography of the author. N. Y. : Apple- ton. 1859. [2052 Mainly a collection of documents, the nature of which is sufficiently indicated by the title. The au- thor was the last president of the Reitublic. The work is of special value for the light it throws on the inner historj' of the time — the personal relations of promi- nent men of the republic, and especially those between Jones and Houston. G. P. G. Kennedy, William. Texas : the rise, pro- gress, and prospects of the republic of Texas. London : Hastings. 1841. 2v. [2053 Containing an important map, and being one of the best authorities for the Revolution and the period inuuediately subsequent. About half of Vol. 1 is de- voted to a geographical and jihysiographical descrip- tion of Texas, and the remainder of the work to its history and political and social conditions. The author was an Englishman of some literarj' reputation, who in 1838 had been an official in Lower Canatla. In 1839 he visited Texas and gathered materials for his work. It was intended to influence English opinion in f.avor of the republic, and doubtless did so. INIaillard's His- tory of the republic of Texas, London, 1842, was writ- ten as a rejily to it. Mr. Kennedy was subsequently British Consul at Galveston. G. P. G. Kohl, Johann Georg. Reisen im Nordwes- ten der Vereinigten Staaten. N. Y. : Appleton. 1857. [2054 Narrative of a journey in the upper Jlississippi valley by a studious observer, giving a vivid impres- sion of the earlier conditions in states that are now populous. W. M. D. Larpenteur, Charles. Forty years a fur trader on the upper Missouri : the personal narrative of CharU's Larpenteur, 1833-1872 ; ed., with many critical notes, by Elliott Coues. 210 WESTWARD EXPANSION, 1828-1860 2055-2063 (American explorers, no. 2.). N. Y.: Harper. 1898. 3v. $6 net. [2055 " This book is original matter through and through. From fragments set down now and tlien and memo- ries of fur-trade as early as 1833, it was written out by- its autlior in 1872. The manuscript was unknown to the editor, Dr. Coues, till 18'.i7. The work embodies the experiences of forty years on the dual Missouri- Jlississippi river and its affluents upward from St. Louis." Larpenteur's narrative is a " most entertain- ing and yet pathetic portrayal of the American fur- trade during the second third of our century. Its true inwardness is turned inside out by a chronicler whose eyc'' ■ never opened to see nuieh dillerence between good and evil, and who so saw nothing to con- ceal. The fur-trade in beginning, middle, and end meant whiskey." James D. Butler, in Am. hist, rec, 4: -iiZ. Letts, J. M. California illustrated, includ- ing a description of the Panama and Nicaragua routes. N. Y. : Young. 1853. [2056 Tlie first edition, entitled as above, did not contain the author's name. That appeared on the R. T. Young edition (N. Y. 1853). The forty-eight accurate and valuable lithographs from the author's sketches are seldom intact. Letts went to California in 1849, traveled a good deal and worked in the mines. The hundred pages of this book which describe life in California are most faithful notes from personal observation, methodically arranged and excellently expressed. C. H. S. McCall, Maj.-Gen. George Archibald. Let- ters from the frontiers, written during thirty- years' service in the army of the United States. Phil. : Lippincott. 1868. [2057 The period covered by this interesting volume is that previous to the Civil War, and it gives valuable reminiscences of the older officers of the army who took different sides in the Rebellion. Its description of the southern and western country are entertaining in themselves, and useful for comparison with the campaigns of the Civil War. It gives the army life, training and field service of that earlier period includ- ing the Seminole, Black Hawk and Mexican wars, and is a good introduction to the great war which followed. General McCall commanded the Pennsylvania Reserves in 1861-2. J. D. C. Manly, W. L. Death Valley in '49. San Jose, Cal. : Pacific Tree and Vine Co. 1894. [2058 Nearly the whole of this volume is devoted to Mr. Manly's account of adventures during twelve months crossing the plains, and to the desperate experiences of his party in Death Valley. AVhilc the author is ■without literary skill, he tells a plain impressive storj', and the entire desert cpisf)de deservedly takes a place in Pacific coast historj-. The pioneer explorers of the ilorado and Mojave deserts narrowly escaped a fate irdly less tragical than that of the Donner party. C. n". S. Mollhausen, Baldwin. Diary of a journey ■ rom the ^Mississippi to the Pacific, with a U. S. government expedition ; with an iutrod. by Alexander von Humboldt ; tr. by Mrs. Percy Sinnett. London : Longmans. I808. 2v. [2059 Mollhausen -was topographic draftsman and natural- ist of a military expedition which, under command of Lieut. A. W. Whipple, explored and surveyed the route for a prospective railroad along the line of the 3oth parallel from the Alississippi to the Pacific in 1853-4. [See note on official rei)ort, above, sect. 421.] His narrative is a faithful portrayal in popular form of his i)ersonal observations ; it contains nuich matter of scientific interest and value, his ethnologic inform- ation being as accurately rendered as his limited so- journ among the Indians might be expected to permit. The illustrations are from the author's own drawings. F. W. H. Nicolay, Charles G. Oregon territory : a geographical and physical account of that coun- try, with outlines of its history. London : Knight. 1846. [2060 Compiled with care and skill from Fremont, Lewis and Clark. Cox of the Northwest Co., Umfraville, Dunn and others of the Hudson Bay Co., and a large num- ber of forgotten explorers. Gives the English side of the Oregon dispute ; urges that the northern line of California is the natural boundarj' between the two countries. C. H. S. O'Meara, James. Brotlerick and Gwin: extraordinary contest for a seat in the Senate of the United States : a brief history of early politics in California. San Francisco : Bacon. 1881. 75c. [Sometimes bound under title of History of early politics in California.] [2061 Tills is a history of the nine eventful years after 1850. The struggle between the North and the South for the control of California was most bitter. Even O'Meara. a trained newspaper man personally ac- quainted with the public men of the period, cannot be entirely impartial, and shows his sympathies with Judge Tcn-j' and the southerners. An able and strik- ing book in a difficult field, C. H. S. Parkman, Francis. The California and Oregon trail : being sketches of prairie and Rocky ]\Iountain life. N. Y. : Putnam. 1849. The Oregon trail ; rev. ed. Boston : Little. 1893. $1. [2062 This is one of the classics of western narratives. The journey was undertaken in 1846, " with a view of studying the manners and character of Indians in their primitive state," After going through four editions, a fifth with title, T}ic Omjrin trtiiJ: .^ketches of prairie and Rnrhy Mninifnin Hfr, illustrated by Remington, came out in 1802 (Boston. Little, Bro\vn & Co,). No other book on the West has enjoyed equal popularity. W. M. D. Pioneer, The ; or California monthly maga- zine. Edited by F. C. Ewer. San Franoisoo. 1854-5. 4v. [2063 211 2064-2072 THE UNITED STATES This rare and interesting magazine began in Janu- ary, 1854, and closed in December, 1855. Its " monthly summarj' of events " and many other articles have historical interest. The "Shirley letters "on "Cali- fornia in 1851 " appeared here. C. H. S. Pumpelly, Raphael. Across America and Asia. N. Y. : Leypoldt & Holt. 1870. [2064 The first four chapters give a good picture of rough life in Arizona in 1860-61, when the author was em- ployed there as a mining engineer. W. M. D. Remy, Jules. Journey to Great-Salt-Lake City, by Jules Remy and Julius Brenchley ; with sketch of the history, religion, and cus- toms of the Mormons, and introd. on the reli- gious movement in the United States. Loudon: Jeffs. 1861. 2v. [2065 The author was an educated French traveler, and the work was originally published in French. (Paris. 1860.) The first volume contains, besides the philo- sophical introductory dissertation and a brief account of the journey from Sacramento to Salt Lake in 1855, a fairly complete history of the iNIormons from the beginning. The second volume is devoted to the doc- trines and customs of the sect and to the return jour- ney. Wliile admitting the imposture of Joseph Smith, the author was favorably impressed by the Mormons and repeatedly expresses his belief in Brigliam Young's sinceritj'. During their stay of a month in Salt Lake the travelers saw a good deal of both Mormon and Gen- tile leaders, and, perhaps in consequence, the histori- cal sketch is written in a more sympathetic spirit than are most accounts of the sect. There are fine steel portraits of Young and the two Smiths and other plates and a Mormon bibliography. F. J. S. Revere, Joseph Warren. Tour of duty in California ; including a description of the gold region, an account of the voyage around Cape Horn, etc. N. Y. : Francis. 1849. [2066 Lieut. Revere of the U. S. Navy made a well-deserved reputntion by this book, and the sketches with which it is illustrated. Something of its charm is due to the careful editing that it received from J. N. Balestier of New York, but Revere evidently had much literary talent. His opijortunities for first-hand observations were excellent, and no other book of the period is more accurate in respect to local nomenclature, and topography. The valuable map is copied (with a few changes) from Beechey's Voyages. C. H. S. Robinson, Alfred. Life in California dur- ing a residence of several years in that terri- tory. N. Y. : "Wiley. 1846. Same; with an appendix bringing for- ward the narrative from 1840 to the occupation of the country by the United States. San Francisco: Doxey. 1891. $1.50. [2067 The last is a partial re-issue of the first edition of Robinson's well-knovni book (AVilcy & Putnam, N. Y., 1846) together witli a few ]);igps from the second edi- tion (H. P. Collins, Loudon, 1851), but omitting 112 pages found only in the first edition — Robinson's translation of Father Boscana's important manu- script on the origin, customs and traditions of the Indians of Alta California. Lithographs from draw- ings by Robinson add much to the value of the first edi- tion. Robinson was one of the best educated observers who published any detailed account of life before the conquest. He was much loved and highly respected among the Californians, and his brief narrative is justly precious to historians. In a sense, it explains, broadens and corrects Dana's admirable Tu-o years before the mast. The first edition, long out of print, is much the best. C. H. S. Robinson, Charles. The Kansas conflict. N. Y. : Harper. 1892. [2068 " One would not believe in advance that the story of events so stirring and important could be made so miserably dull. There is no clearness in the narra- tion, and, if one does not know in advance the order of events, to disentangle it from these fragmentary chapters will be no easy matter." Nation, 54: 490. Sabin, Henry and Edwin L. Making of Iowa. Chicago: Flanagan, [c. 1900.] $1. [2069 A light sketch of the leading events in the hist