MPrNRLF 8 73 Y6 *B 335 051 A^c ^mih j4or fc\ S^ckrgz IN LIWTCAKY-AQfaCULTUWC bcr 1 Some Resources for Work with Girls and Young Women In Towns Some Resources for Work with Girls and Young Women In Towns U/wv\ &*. Vv\ , C NATIONAL BOARD OF THE YppNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS 600 LEXINGTON AVE., NEW YORK CITY 1916 MteMM in i ) ' I TIM . * > y* 3 : J J i > J WRITTEN BY Anna M. Clark, Secretary Town and Country Work for the Young Women's Christian Associations of the Northeastern Field. Assisted by: Margaret O'Connell, Secretary Town and Country Work for the Young Women's Christian Associa- tions in the North Central Field. Maude Trego, Secretary Town and Country Work for the Young Women's Christian Associations in the Central Field. Anna Seaburg, Secretary Large Towns for the Na- tional Board of the Young Women's Christian Asso- ciations. Marguerite Shepard, General Secretary of the West- field, New York, Young Women's Christian Asso- ciation. Gift /ff t -.t. Dy*~k dfnc. E-d. (?//} /9frL. Ocr-k.) -y * # # CONTENTS PAGE Preface 5 Suggestions for Leadership 7 Forming a Group 9 Survey 10 Constitution 12 Community Service 15 Program Helps 16 Sources of Information 17 Bibliography 21 404518 > ) > J > > > > ) > ) > t , ' ' ' . Some Resources for Work With Girls and Young Women In Towns The Young Women's Christian Association, through its field offices, is constantly receiving requests for information and help in organizing work for young women. These re- quests come from small villages and open country, as well as large towns and cities. The policy of the National Board is to organize only after careful preliminary investigation, under the direction of a field secretary. This has been found necessary in order that leadership and financial support, suf- ficient to assure the permanency of the work, may be se- cured. The preliminary work requires time. Some times it is necessary for a community to wait several months be- fore a field secretary can make a visit there. The purpose of this manual is to give suggestions that will be a help to any leader or group of young women wish- ing to organize. Following the plan here suggested, a group of girls in a town where there cannot at this time be a Young Women's Christian Association, may have meetings which will be helpful to themselves and will contribute to the com- munity life. The permanent form of Young Women's Christian Asso- ciation work which meets the needs of small communities is the organized county Association, with a trained young wo- man as the county secretary, helping and leading in work with the girls of the towns and the country neighborhoods of the county; discovering, enlisting and training local lead- c < t It t ei*ship : for' girls hi the different communities. While it is the newest form of Young Women's Christian Association work, it is proving successful wherever it has been estab- lished. If there is interest in your county in making a work of this kind possible, you can secure further information in regard to the steps necessary by writing to the field of- fice for the State in which you live. FIELD OFFICES OF THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS Northeastern Field (New England, New York and New Jersey) Office 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City. Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylvania Field, Office 630 Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, Pa. South Atlantic Field (Florida, Georgia, North and South Carolina, Virginia) Office 806 Virginia Railway and Power Building, Richmond, Virginia. Ohio and West Virginia Field, Office 1211 First National Bank Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. South Central Field (Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisi- ana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee) Office 1411 Lo- cust Street, St. Louis, Missouri. Central Field (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin) Of- fice 58 East Washington Street, Chicago, Illinois. North Central Field (Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North and South Dakota) Office 412 Flour Exchange Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota. West Central Field (Colorado, Kansas, Utah, Wyoming) Office 322 McClintock Building, Denver, Colorado. Southwestern Field (New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas) Office 512 Sumpter Building, Dallas, Texas. Northwestern Field (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington) Office Fifth Avenue and Seneca Street, Seattle, Wash- ington. Pacific Coast Field (Arizona, California, Nevada) Office 319 Russ Building, San Francisco, California. SUGGESTIONS FOR LEADERSHIP The first need of any community is wise leadership, and if such can be found a club may be started. In many places there are often young women of latent power who do not know how to lead because they have never tried. These persons should begin without fear and grow through the experience. For the help of such, the following principles are laid down. Knowledge and intense sympathy with (not for) girls is the first requisite, for a "leader is merely the foremost com- panion," and unless she feels herself very near to the hearts of the girls, she cannot put her ideals and hopes into them. The suggestion of "Let's do" always carries farther than "I want you to do." Lincoln understood this power, and Christ is the most wonderful example of it. Sympathy alone carries one along on a dead level. There must be a need felt deeply. It is not enough to say "Mary needs something," but "Mary needs this one thing." A sur- vey is given in another part of this leaflet which will help the leader see clearly what she may have felt vaguely. The need may be to feel the dignity of common labor when well done, and to have some training towards self-support. It may be that the whole town needs a more wholesome recre- ational life, and the girls' wider interests and more open minds in trying new things eagerly and hopefully. The girls may be ignorant of some of the simple laws of health. A finer and truer relationship may be needed between the girl and her home, school or office, so that she shall no longer be a detached individual but be ready to take her place and contribute to her community. The leader should set to work to fill the most pressing lack, and as her knowledge grows, new needs and new ways of meeting them will present themselves. Purpose must be backed not by wishing but by willing. The people who suc- ceed are those who hold true to their ideals with enthusiasm and at all costs, but who realize that accomplishment is al- ways a matter of time and that one must often wait as one works. A real leader works hard herself, but also knows how to make each person in the group do her share; she gives each the tasks she can do best, so that everyone has some part in the whole plan. There are some girls who bloom suddenly into animation when tea is to be poured; others enjoy keep- ing accounts, or planning a day's program, while to certain girls it is the highest joy to teach a Bible class. The hopeful fact is that all these girls live in the same community. It is the leader's task to fit each into her special place and to make many different kinds of girls work without friction. This is a great art, but once fix a purpose outside of per- sonal interest, something for which the whole group can unite, and the battle is almost won. The leader should always have a very clear cut idea of what she wants to do, and should know her group well be- fore she attempts any project, so that she will be sure that enough girls are ready to follow to assure the success of the scheme. Many a delightful plan fails because not enough of the group are in sympathy with the leader. Every leader should have a sympathetic interest and be in touch with all the churches and other organizations of the community. It is this wide interest and spirit of service that makes club work of real value, for there is nothing that binds girls together more firmly than working for something defin- nite, outside personal, selfish interest and concretely near at hand. Lastly, the vision which comes with love and purpose must be clear and the will that accomplishes so strong, that the leader will be able to go on steadily in spite of failure and discouragement. It is, after all, the long term effort that brings forth results in the lives of the girls and communities. "Place and privilege is always a challenge to service. It ought not to be looked upon as a burdensome responsibility, but as a fine opportunity." Every club leader should ask herself how the club work can be a real force in the lives of all the girls, and how the girls, as a group, can make them- selves felt for righteousness in the community. This ideal of service will determine the details of the program. FORMING A GROUP The two ideals before one who undertakes to organize a girls' club should be unity and democracy. A unit is much more easily discovered than made. It is hard to take a col- lection of girls who are strangers to each other, or indiffer- ent to each other, or antagonistic to each other, and form them into a club, though it is not entirely impossible to do this, provided there is a strong enough interest common to them all to make them lose sight of the separating element. But a much more stable and vital organization can be ef- fected if the nucleus of the club consists of a group of friends. Even a clique is not to be despised. Given a group of girls bound loyally and affectionately to each other, and a real leader who can lure them on toward higher ideals, then true democracy, that is, a gradual opening of the doors to include even those "not in our set," is a possible thing. SUGGESTIONS FOR THE USE OF A SURVEY The purpose of a survey is not for prying, but for a defin- ite focus on facts, "getting one's range," so that there shall be neither haziness of aim nor waste of energy. A knowledge of facts often shifts one's idea of need and reveals the necessity for vitalizing old institutions rather than creating new ones. There must be a preliminary survey preparatory to start- ing clubs, but as the work proceeds, the survey must be adapted to the changing thought and action in the commu- nity. Persons having special information may study along their line of interest and report to the survey committee. Each place is a different puzzle, and the life and ambitions of girls are always more or less colored by the influence peculiar to each locality, so that one must never generalize. There are always two opposing views, and it is unfair to look at a town from either angle. It may be a help to make one's report in a double column, showing the helpful and harmful aspects, with a third column of suggestions that come to mind as one faces the problem. The best expression of the findings is definite action for the betterment or development of conditions. SOURCES OF INFORMATION FOR THE SURVEY I. Direct conversation with girls and young women. II. Private inquiry of employers, teachers, pastors and parents. III. Report of public officials. IV. Study of methods and successes and failures of other town organizations. SURVEY FOR A TOWN General 1. Population of town. Number of girls between 15 and 30 years of age. 2. Different nationalities represented. If any one na- tionality predominates, which is it? Is there any section of the town occupied principally by one nationality or race? 3. Number of occupations open to women. Number of women employed outside of their homes. State how many girls are employed in each of the fol- lowing: 10 Teaching, including music teachers; clerks in stores; telephone operators; stenographers and bookkeepers; factories, hotels, restau- rants; dressmaking; milliners; domestic service. Discover for each group how many have homes in town. 4- Organizations for women and girls. Give names of clubs including whether their purpose is literary, social, civic, or philanthropic, telling names of pres- ident and number of members. Make separate list of lodges and also of church organizations. How many of these organizations have in their membership girls between 15 and 25? What or- ganizations, if any, are there whose membership is made up exclusively of girls? Educational 1. Educational institutions in town with number of girls attending. Number of girls in high school. What percentage of girls finishing the eighth grade within the last three years have entered the high school? Give for each year separately if you can. What are the girls doing who did not go on to high school? How many girls from the high school have gone to college during the last three years? What determined the others not to go? What work have they taken up? (Get the school superintendent or high school principal to help you in getting these figures.) Is there a library in town? How many volumes? Open how much of the time? Does the town have a lecture course during the season? A Chautauqua in the summer? What occasions during the year attract the largest number of people to your town? Social and Recreational 1. How much social life and recreation is furnished by the churches of the town? By the schools? Are there groups not touched by either of these? Where do they find their social life? 11 2. How many moving picture houses in town? What would you say of the character of the films shown? What is the average attendance in a week at one of these places? How many dance halls? Skating rinks? Gymnasiums in town? How much are they used? Is any organization making a definite effort to encourage out-door activities for young people? Religious 1. Number of churches in town, giving denominations. Name of pastor and approximate membership. How many Sunday school classes are there made up of girls between 15 and 25 years? What is the total membership? How many of the churches have active young people's organizations?. Is there a city union of young people or any other inter-denominational plan for working together? SUGGESTED CONSTITUTION Article I. Name and Purpose Section 1. This organization shall be called the Young Women's Club of (name of town). Section 2. The purpose of this organization shall be to unite the young women and girls of (name of town) in Chris- tian friendliness and service. Article II. Membership Section 1. Any girl or young woman at least years of age, who is in sympathy with the purpose of the club, is eligible to membership. Section 2. Any young woman may become a member on the payment of the required fee, after her name has been proposed by the membership committee and she has been 12 elected by a majority of the membership present, at a regular meeting. Section 3. The membership dues shall be (amount) a year, and shall be payable (date). Only paid-up members shall be entitled to vote and hold office. Section 4. It shall be the duty of each member to co-operate heartily in carrying out the purpose of the organization. Article III. Officers Section 1. The officers of this organization shall be a presi- dent, vice-president, a secretary, and a treasurer. They shall be elected by ballot in (date) and shall serve one year, or until their successors are elected. Section 2. The officers of the organization, together with the chairmen of standing committees, shall constitute the council. This council shall meet regularly, at least bi- weekly, and may also have special meetings at the call of the president. Section 3. The president shall preside at all business meet- ings of the organization and of the council. She shall appoint the standing committees and such others as may be needed. She shall hold all chairmen responsible for the work of their respective committees, and the devel- opment of efficiency upon the part of their members. She shall be ex-officio. a member of all committees. Section 4. The vice-president shall perform the duties of the president in her absence. Section 5. The secretary shall keep full minutes of all meet- ings and all records of the organization, including a complete list of members. Section 6. The treasurer shall have charge of the funds of the organization under the direction of the council, and shall keep a written record and give an accurate account of all receipts and expenditures. 13 Article IV. Committees Section 1. The membership committee shall help to interest all the girls in the community in the club, explain the purpose of the club to applicants and recommend eligible candidates for membership; it shall also keep in touch with sick or absent members. Section 2. The meetings committee shall have charge of all meetings, and, aided by the suggestions of the president and council, shall secure leaders, suggest subjects, select suitable music, and arrange other details necessary for the meeting. Section 3. The social committee shall plan a social program for the organization, having as its aim the uniting of all young women of the town in Christian fellowship. Section 4. The finance committee shall devise and carry into execution plans for raising money and shall audit all bills. Section 5. Special committees may be appointed as they are found necessary (i. e., "Community Service" and "Recre- ation and Athletics"). Section 6. Each of the standing committees shall hold a monthly meeting for the promotion of the work in its care. Article V. Business Meetings Section 1. There shall be an annual meeting of the organi- zation in (date) for the presentation of all reports, and the election of officers. Section 2. Special meetings may be called by the president at any time. Regular business may be transacted at the weekly or monthly meetings. Section 3. members shall constitute a quorum. 14 Article VI. Amendments Notice of proposed amendments to this constitution shall be given at a previous regular meeting, and shall require for their adoption a two-thirds vote of the members present. Note In case the club wishes to look forward to becoming a part of a county Young Women's Christian Association at some future time, and thus a part of the National Young Women's Christian Association of the United States, it would be necessary to have the fundamental purpose of the club in harmony with the general purpose of the county Associa- tion, which is: "To unite the young women of the county in personal loyalty to Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord, and to help them to grow like Him, strong, true and unselfish, with a genuine appreciation of every- thing good and beautiful around them; that they may be truly friendly, serving their community, entering gladly into the life of their church, sharing with others, near and far, the joy of Christ Himself." And, in this case, the leadership should be in the hands of those already committed to this purpose as members of churches eligible to membership in the Federal Council of Churches in America. A list of such churches can be had from the National Board of the Young Women's Christian Association, on request. COMMUNITY SERVICE There is a new emphasis on social service to-day, for we are realizing as never before the brotherhood of men, and the truth that every act of ours affects our neighbor. Mrs. Brown may study sanitation and guard carefully her chil- dren's health, but she cannot prevent Mary from catching typhoid fever if the water supply is polluted by the careless- ness of the Block family in another part of the town. This spirit of brotherhood is also making for a keener sense of justice. We no longer give at random and without thought, which method often resulted in some people having too much and others too little, but we unite the charities of our towns so that the burden which rests too heavily on some is equally distributed. We are learning to look for causes, rather than waiting 15 till the trouble has gone so far that it is hopeless. We have anti-tuberculosis campaigns in order that we may reduce the number of hospitals. We have trade schools and courses in domestic art and business methods so that our boys and girls may be trained for useful work. What can a group of young women in a town do that will be truly community service?* First of all they can study their town so that they see it as a whole. They may discover after this study that there are a number of clubs in the town having varying purposes but unfamiliar each with what the others are doing. Suppose the girls should plan a meeting, perhaps a supper, where one or two representatives of each woman's organization in town should come together, and after the good things have been disposed of, each should tell in turn the purpose of her organization and something of its program for the year. Would it not be easy after this bird's-eye view of what the women of the town are doing, for the leader or speaker to tell of some phase of community work showing how the different things that they are now doing can be related? This is only one way of getting together. Many others will suggest themselves, such as community Christmas trees, pa- geants, Sunday school conferences, and other rallies. The end and aim is the friendliness that comes with working to- gether for the whole town, the sense of justice and brother- hood that makes every class of people work together for the common good, and the will to prevent, rather than to try to cure wrong. PROGRAM HELPS Pamphlets containing suggestive club programs may be obtained from the National Board, Young Women's Chris- tian Association, 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City. Read "Civic Improvement in the Little Towns," by Zona Gale. 16 Secondary School Girl Work Eliza Butler, 10 cents. Eight Week Club Manual, contains practical suggestions for small groups, 10 cents. Eight Week Clubs for Immigrant Girls, 10 cents. Girls' Work Gertrude Griffith, 10 cents. "Federation of Industrial and Extension Clubs," 15 cents. "Reports of Industrial Club Councils 1915," 25 cents. Contains hosts of practical suggestions for constructive work in large gatherings as well as in individual club meetings. Girl Guardian Manual Y. W. C. A., Minneapolis, 5 cents. The Club Woman's Handy Book of Programs and Club Management Kate L. Roberts Funk & Wagnalls. First Aid for Club Women Caroline Benton Dana Estes & Company. SOURCES OF INFORMATION Russell Sage Foundation, 130 East 22nd Street, New York. This is a research laboratory on social questions with departments in : Charity Organization Child Helping Education Recreation Remedial Loans Surveys and Exhibits Women's Work Extension Departments of State Universities and Agricul- tural Colleges. 17 State Board of Health at State Capitol. State Library. State Schools and Colleges for information on forestry, pro- tection of birds, etc. Federal Departments in Washington, D. C, including: Education Agriculture Children's Bureau Labor Immigration International Sunday School Association, 1416 Mailers Build- ing, Chicago, Illinois. National League for Women Workers, 35 East 30th Street, New York. National Playground Association, 1 Madison Avenue, New- York. Camp Fire Girls of America, 461 Fourth Avenue, New York. Red Cross Society, Washington, D. C. Motion Pictures Community Motion Pictures Bureau, 41 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts (furnishes films and machines). Educational Moving Pictures : Mrs. Carter, 4th Avenue and 33rd Street, New York. General Film Company, Educational Department, 71 West 23rd Street, New York City. Civics American Civic Association, Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C. 13 Ford Hall, Boston, Massachusetts (will furnish speakers and plans for open forum meetings). David C. Cook Publishing Company, Elgin, Illinois Club Pins. Dennison Manufacturing Company, 15 John Street, New York Crepe Paper, Rope Work. Young Women's Christian Association, 600 Lexington Avenue, New York Commission on Thrift, Savings Systems. Association Press, Young Men's Christian Association, 124 East 28th Street, New York. Publication Department, Young Women's Christian As- sociation, 600 Lexington Avenue, New York. Drama League of America, 736 Marquette Building, Chicago, Illinois. For productions of famous pictures, persons and places send to Perry Picture Company, Maiden, Massachusetts. George P. Brown & Company, Beverly, Massachusetts. The Coply Prints, Coply Square, Boston, Massachusetts. The Mentor, 52 East 19th Street, New York. Publications from Audubon Society (Birds), 141 Broadway, New York. Bird Lore, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (bird leaflets). Music Publishers Ditson, 150 Tremont Street, Boston, Massachusetts. Schirmer, 3 East 43rd Street, New York. 19 National Educational Association Durand W. Springer, Secretary, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Extension Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Bulletins on Social Centers. Health American Medical Association, 535 North Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois. State Boards of Health of Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, Florida, New York. New York City Board of Health. Chicago Board of Health. National Cash Register Company, Dayton, Ohio good leaflets. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 1 Madison Ave., New York good leaflets. Organizations Affecting Industry American Association for Labor Legislation organiza- tion of professors, business men and labor leaders, who are working for constructive legislation, 131 East 23rd Street, New York. Achievements Workmen's Compensation Acts Occupational Diseases Unemployment Health Insurance. National Child Labor Committee, 105 East 22nd Street, New York send bulletins of latest development of Child Labor. National Consumers' League, 6 East 39th Street, New York. 20 BIBLIOGRAPHY About Girls Leaders of Girls Espey $ .75 Corner Stone of Education Lyttleton Young Working Girls Woods & Kennedy 60c. & 1.00 Girl and Her Chance Daniels : 50 The Girl in Her Teens Slattery 50 Talks with the Training Class Slattery 25 Vocations for the Trained Woman Woman's In- dustrial Union, Boston 60 Vocations for Girls Laselle & Wiley 85 About Towns The Country Town Anderson 1.00 Improvement of Towns and Cities Robinson 1.25 Village Improvement Farwell 1.00 Making of a Town McVey 1.00 Civic Improvement in the Little Towns Gale 25 Beauty for Ashes Bacon 1.50 Church in the Country Town Bemies 15 Community Study for Country Districts Taft -35 'Teens and the Rural Sunday School Alexander... .50 The Country Church and the Rural Problem But- terfield 1.08 Educational Resources of Village and Rural Com- munities Hart .- 1.00 Rural Church Message Men and Religion Forward Movement ,. 1.00 The Country Life Movement Bailey 60 On the Trail of the Immigrant Steiner 1.50 Immigrant Forces Shriver 50 Newer Ideals of Peace Addams 1.25 Community Civics Field-Nearing 60 Recreation Games for Playground, Home, School and Gymna- sium Bancroft 1.50 21 Neighborhood Entertainments Stern 1.00 Festivals and Plays Chubb 2.00 Folk Festivals Needham 1.25 Play in Education Lee Wider Use of School Plant Perry 1.25 Play and Recreation in a Town of 6,000 Recrea- tion Survey of Ipswich, Mass. Knight Russell Sage Foundation 25 Sources of Information on Recreation Hammer and Knight Russell Sage Foundation, 130 East 22nd Street, New York, containing lists of books on : Play-grounds ; social centers ; boys' and girls' clubs; recreation in rural communities; games and dramatics; athletics, sports; folk dancing; story telling; holidays, festivals and pageants; school gardens; homes and recreation surveys .10 Group Athletics for Girls Russell Sage Foundation .03 Athletic Badge Tests for Girls Playground and Recreation Association of America, N. Y. C Free Six Weeks With Women Leaders Louisa May Alcott Moses 1.25 Story of My Girlhood 'Clara Barton 50 Story of the Red Cross Clara Barton...'. 1.00 Life of E. B. Brown Ingram 1.00 Life of Frances Willard Wits 50 Life of Alice Freeman Palmer Palmer 1.50 Life of Mary Lyon Gilchrist 1.50 The Story of My Life Helen Keller 1.50 Twenty Years at Hull House Jane Addams 2.50 Queen Victoria Fawcett. 1.00 A New England Girlhood Larcom 75 From My Youth Up Sangster 1.50 Life of Ellen Richards Hunt 1.50 Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe Crow 1.25 Grace H. Dodge Association Monthly, March, 1915 .25 Note If preferred, any of the following books by Sarah K. Bolton may be used instead of the books listed above: 22 Girls Who Became Famous 1.50 Famous Leaders Among Women 75 Famous Types of Womanhood 75 Nature Study The Friendly Stars Martin 1.25 Astronomy from a Dipper Clarke 60 How to Know the Wild Flowers Dana 2.00 Camp Cooking Kephart 70c. and 1.50 A Guide to the Trees Lounsberry 1.90 and 2.50 Field Birds and Their Music Matthews. .. .2-00 and 2.50 Music Victrola Opera Book Fellowship Hymns Association Press 45 The Family Music Book G. Schirmer 1.00 Home Economics Home Furnishing Kellogg 1.60 From Kitchen to Garret Vandewater 1.00 Sewing Course Woolman 1.50 Religious Education Out of Doors in the Bible Cutler 15 Christian Citizenship for Girls Thoburn 25 Suggestions to Leaders 10 School Girl Ideals Butler-Rider 10 Questions for*^a Young Woman of Today McCulloch 10 Women of Ancient Israel Adams 25c and .40 Jesus Among His Friends Cutler 15 Jesus the Man of Galilee Slack 30c and .60 The Manhood of the Master Fosdick 50 The Parables of Jesus Russell 20c and .40 The Meaning of Prayer Fosdick 50 Daily Bible Readings Adams 05 The Inch Library series of nine leaflets 50 23 GENERAL LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. 14Ji'54HK TfNGr JUL3 01954LU. JUL 1 198fe bec. ctB. Jim 06*98 NOV 1 5 1998 21-100m-l,'54(1887sl6)476 Gaylord Bros. Makers Syracuse, N. Y. PAT. JAN.21. 1908 U.C. BERKELEY UBRARIE CDDSSbfibBS