BM 105 L578cE LEVI A A^ : o I en 11 : (= n ^ 1 m ; 3D ^^ : 2 = 3D ■ m 6 ! O i Z : > ! 1 — 7 ^ - 1 — i 00 1 i > ; 33 r< ^ i J> / ^= ; 1 — " — ( B i IJalifornia 1 gional 1 cility 1 EARLY LESSONS IN THE JEWISH RELIGION I THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES \^ ^ ^^-^^ / ■ii EARLY LESSONS IN THE JEWISH RELIGION, ADAPTED FROM THE SMALLER CATECHISM <»K GIUSEPPE LEVI, AND EUustratfii bg ©uatations from tfjc ISiblc LONDON: I). N UTT, 27 0, STRAND. 18()9. THESE EARLY LESSO^^S ARE, BY PERMISSION, INSCRIBED TO THE BARONESS LIONEL DE ROTHSCHILD. 2114199 PREFACE. Jewish Education begins both in tbeory and in practice with lessons in religion. The hallowed doctrines of Judaism are to be brought home to the docile hearts of the young by clear and interesting explanations, and at the same time the application of those doctrines is to be judi- ciously enforced by the constant and consistent example of parents and teachers. The theoretical part of religious instruction has been embodied in a large number of educational manuals. JN^ot one, however, of the existing publications appears to be so well adapted for the first requirements of young learners as the little Italian Cate- chism the title of which is given below * and * Catechismo Israelitico, ad ttso deW Tnfanzia, del Cav. Prof. Giuseppe Levi. Torino; Foa, 18G7. VI PREFACE. which has served us the basis of the present "Early Lessons in the Jewish Religion." The Catechism in question is the production of Sio-nor Giuseppe Levi, whose writings have ob- tained deserved popularity in Italy. A perusal of the following pages will shew that the system therein adopted is well suited for the inquiring minds of our intelligent little Jews and Jewesses. The lucid and methodical plan upon which the Questions and Answers are composed, will remove many objections which ordinarily attach to tliis class of writings. As an improvement upon the original, appro- priate Scriptural texts have been added on the right hand pages opposite to the several para- graphs, and bear the same numbers as the cor- responding questions. The texts are in most instances intended as evidences of important religious truths ; and, at the discretion of the teacher, they may, with advantage, be committed to niemoiy. Where the statement contained in PREFACE. VI 1 tlic answer is of such a character as not to stand in need of Scriptural evidence, an impressive ad- monition from Holy Writ has been selected, us, for example, is the case in quotation No. 1. The benefit aflforded by the present compilation' of Scripture texts may be considerably extended, if pupils, under the guidance of their teachers, will search in the Bible for additional passages in illustration of the religious lessons. It need scarcely be remarked that the " Early Lessons " should be followed by a careful study of the Ten Commandments and the Creed. CHAPTER I. GOD. — THE SOUL. — RELIGION. 1. "Who has created you, my child ? God has created me. 2. To whom should all persons give thanks for their lives ? All persons should give thanks for their lives unto God. 3. Who is God ? God is the Creator of all things. 4. By whom was God created ? God has not been created : God is eternal. ITe was, He is, and ever will be. 9 QUOTATIONS FROM THE BIBLE. 1. Remember thy Creator in the days of thy youth. (Eccl. xii. 1.) 2. Every living soul shall praise the Lord. (Ps. cl. 6.) 3. For thus saith the Lord that created the heavens : God himself hath formed the earth and made it ; He hath established it ; He created it not in vain ; He formed it to be inhabited. (Is. xlv. 18.) 4. Before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me. (Is. xliii. 10.) ID EARLY LESSONS. 5. Whore does God reside ? God is present everywhere, though He cannot l)c seen. 6. Is God a Unity ? God is an eternal Unity, the Creator of the heavens and the earth, and of all they contain. 7. Which is the most wonderful creature on earth ? Man is the most wonderful creature on earth. 8. Why do you consider that man is the noblest of all creatures ? Man is the noblest of all creatures, because he consists not only of a body, but also of a soul. 9. What is the soul? The soul is a spirit. 10. What do we know about the human soul? We know about the human soul, that it has reason, and does not die. QUOTATIONS FllOM THE BIBLE. 11 5. Whither shall I go from Thy spirit, and whither shall I flee from Thy presence. If I ascend to heaven, Thou art there ; if I make my b(Kl in the grave, behold, Thou art there. (Ps. cxxxix. 7, 8.) 6. Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One. (Deut. vi. 4.) 7. Thou hast made man little lower than the angels, and hast crowned him with glory and honour. Thou hast made him to rule over the works of Thy hands, Thou hast put all things under his feet. (Ps. viii. 5, 6.) 8. God created man in His own image ; in the image of God created He him. (Gen. i. 27.) 9. Yerily there is a spirit in man ; and the breath of the Almighty giveth him undei- standing. (Job xxxii. 8.) 10. For the Lord giveth wisdom ; out of His mouth Cometh knowledge and understanding (Prov. ii. 6.) God will redeem my soul from the power of the grave, for He shall receive me. (Ps. xHx. 15.) 10 EARLY LESSONS. 11. What use does man make of his reason? Reason enables man to think, to judge, and to understand. Reason distinguishes man from all other creatures. 12. "What is meant by saying that the soul does not die ? By saying that the soul does not die, or that it is immortal, I understand that the soul does not die -when the body dies, but continues to live after the body has returned, to dust. 13. What becomes of the soul after leaving the body? After leaving the body, the soul returns to God. 14. ^Hiat is the state of the soul in the world to come ? In the world to come the souls of the good are rewarded, and the souls of the wicked are punished. 15. How can we earn God's love ? We can earn God's love by faithfully following our religion. QUOTATIONS FROM THE Bini.E. 13 11. When wisdom entereth into thine heart, and knowledge is pleasant unto thy soul, discretion shall preserve thee, understanding shall keep thee. (Prov. ii. 10, 11.) 12. In the way of righteousness is life, and in the pathway thereof is immortality. (Prov. xii. 28.) I shall not die, but I shall live, and declare the works of the Lord. (Ps. cxviii. 17.) 13. The dust shall return to the earth as it was: and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it. (Eccl. xii. 7.) 14. The Lord will reward me according to my righteousness. (Ps. xviii. 20.) The Lord knoweth the days of the upright, and their inheritance shall be for ever. But the wicked shall pass away. (Ps. xxxvii. 18, 20.) 15. If thou wilt hearken to these judgments and keep and do them, the Lord th}^ God shall keep unto thee the covenant and the mercy which He swore unto thy fathers ; and He will love thee, and multiply thee, and bless thee. (Deut. vii. 12, 13.) 14 EARLY LESSONS. 16. '^^^lat is the moaning: of religion ? Religion is a belief in God, and obedience to His laws and His will. CHAPTER II. THE JEWISH RELIGION. REVELATION. — THE BIBLE. 17. Who taught us our religion ? Moses taught us our religion, and it is called the Jewish or Israelitish religion. 18. Who are the Israelites ? We are the Israelites, and are descended from the patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. 19. Why are we called Israelites ? We are called Israelites after Israel, the name which God gave to the patriarch Jacob. 20. Where do the Israelites dwell? The Israelites are scattered in large numbers over the whole face of the earth, and everywhere keep the same religion. QUOTATIONS FROM THE BIRLE. 15 16. And now, Israel, what doth the Lord thy God require of thee, but to fear the Lord thy God, to walk in all His ways and to love Him, and to serve the Lord thy God with all thy heart and with all thy soul ; to keep the command- ments of the Lord and His statutes which I command thee this day for thy good. (Deut. X. 12, 13.) 17. Moses commanded us a Law, the inheritance of the congregation of Jacob. (Deut. xxxiii. 4.) 18. For the Lord hath chosen Jacob unto Himself; yea, Israel for His peculiar treasure. (Ps. cxxxv. 4.) 19. Thou shalt no longer be called Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name. (Gen. xxxii. 28.) 20. And the Lord shall scatter thee amono- all people, from the one end of the earth even unto the other. (Deut. xxviii. 64.) It) EARLY LESSONS. 21. ^Vliat is our duty as Israelites ? Our duty as Israelites is to cling firmly to our religion. / 22. Who gave us our religion? God gave us our religion by means of revela- tion. 23. ^Vliat do you mean by revelation? Revelation is the teaching by Avhich God made Himself kno-svn to us, and announced to us His holy will. 24. Does God continue to speak to men? God does not now speak to men, but has done so in past times. 25. Bv what name do we call those men whom God sent to declare his will ? The men whom God sent to declare his will are called prophets. 26. Were there many prophel s ? Yes, there were many prophets ; but the greatest of all was Moses, who lived about 3,000 years ago- QUOTATIONS FROM THE BIBLK. 17 21. Now therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed, and keep my covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me above all people. (Ex. xix. 5.) 22. The Lord our God made a covenant with us in Iloreb. The Lord made not this covenant with our fathers, but with us, even us, who are all of us here alive this day. (Deut. v. 2, 3.) 23. Now these are the commandments, the statutes, and the judgments which the Lord your God commanded to teach you. (Deut. vi. 1.) 24. Once thou didst speak in visions to thy pious men. (Ps. Ixxxix. 19.) We see no longer our signs, there is no more a prophet. (Ps. Ixxiv. 9.) 25. Surely the Lord God doeth naught, but He revealeth His secret unto His servants the prophets. (Amos iii. 7.) 26. And there arose not a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses, whom the Lord knew face to face. (Deut. xxxiv. 10.) A 3 18 EARIA LESSONS. 27. What made Moses the greatest of tlie prophets ? Moses -was the greatest of the prophets, because God gave to hita the Law, which teaches us the truths of our religion. 28. "Where did God announce to Moses the Ten Commandments ? God announced the Ten Commandments or the Decalogue on Mount Sinai in the desert, after the Israelites had gone out of Egypt. 29. Did Moses alone hear the voice of God? No ; all the Israelites as well as Moses heard God's voice, which proclaimed the Ten Command- ments. 30. How do we know at the present time what God taught Moses so many thousands of years ago? We know what God taught Moses, because we have received through our fathers the writings which Moses wrote by the command of God. QUOTATIONS FRO]\I THE 15IRLE. 19 27. Hemeraber ye the law of Moses ray sei'vant, which I commanded unto him in Horeb for all Israel. (Mai. iv. i.) 28. And the Lord came down xi-pon mount Sinai, on the top of the mount .... And God spoke all these words, saying, " I am the Lord thy God," &c. (Ex. xix. 20, xx. 1). 29. And the Lord spoke unto you from the midst of the fire : ye heard the sound of the words, but saw no likeness ; only ye heard a voice. (Deut. iv. 12.) 30. And Moses wrote this law, and delivered it imto the priests, the sons of Levi, who bore the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and unto all the elders of Israel. (Deut. xxxi. 9.) 20 EARLY LESSONS. 31. llow are the books called in ^yllicll Moses wrote the teachings of God? The books in which Moses wrote the teachings of God are called the Torah or Law,"^ or the five books of Moses. 32. Are the words of God contained in the five books of Moses only ? Besides the five books of Moses, there are other books which were written by the prophets accord- ing to the word of God. 33. IIow do we call our sacred books ? We call our sacred books the Bible, or Holy Scriptures. 34. In what language was the Bible written ? The Bible was written in the Hebrew language, and for this reason Hebrew is called the sacred language. 35. What does the Bible teach ? The Bible teaches us our religion, and every- thing that man should believe and do, in order to be truly good. * The Law consists of five books, called n^'J'XIB or Genesis, mtDli' or Exodus, X"1i5*1j or Leviticus, "laipa, or Numbers, and L"'')3"n or Deuteronomy. QUOTATIONS FROM THE lillJLE. 21 31. And this is tlie Law which Moses placed before the children of Israel. (Deut. iv. 44.) 32. And the Lord testified unto Israel and unto Judah by all the prophets and all the seers, saying, Turn away from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets. (2 Kings xvii. 13.) 33. (The word " Bible " means " book." The Bible has received this name because it is the Book of books, the chief Book, the Sacred Book. It is divided into three parts, viz., iTjiJ^, or the Law, D^^'??, or the Prophets, and D^nm:?, or Sacred Writings; the first letters of these Hebrew words form the word V.^, by which name the Bible is often called.) 35. Fear God and keep His commandments ; for this is the whole duty of man. (Eccl. xii. 13.) 22 EARLY LESSONS. 36. In what way has the Bible done good to mankind ? The Bible has become the light of mankind ; it is the book of true religion, and the highest glory of the Israelites, who have handed it down from generation to generation in obedience to the command of God. 37. What are the principal articles of faith taught by our religion ? The principal articles of faith taught by our religion are : — 1st. That there is a God, who is the one and only God ; 2nd. That our law comes from God Himself; 3rd. That there are rewards and punishments in a life to come. 38. What is necessary in order to be tridy religious ? In order to be truly religious, we must be truly good ; we must earnestly address our prayers to God, be carefid to observe the Sabbath and the festivals, and faithfully keep the precepts which God has taught us through our fathers. 39. What must we do to be truly good ? To be truly good we must be just and cha- ritable towards everyone. QUOTATIOKS FROM THE BIBLE. 23 36. As for ]Me, this is My covenant with them, saith the Lord ; My spirit, that is upon thee, and My words which I have put in thy mouth, shall not dejjart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of thy seed's seed, saith the Lord, from henceforth and for ever. Arise, shine, for thy light is come, and the glory of the Lord is risen upon thee. (Is. lix. 21, and Ix. 1—3.) 37. Hear, Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One. (Deut. vi. 4.) And these words, which I command thee this day, shall be in thine heart. (Deut. vi. 6.) I call heaven and earth to record this day against you, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing ; therefore choose life, that both thou and thy seed may live. (Deut. xxx. 19.) 38. Ye shall keep my statutes and my judg- ments, which, if a man do, he shall live in them ; I am the Lord. (Lev. xviii. 5.) 39. It has been shown unto thee, O man, what is good, and what the Lord requireth of thee : to do justice, to love mercy, and to walk humbly before thy God. (Micah vi. 8.) 24 EARLY LESSONS. 40. What is the reward of those who are truly good and religious ? Those who are truly good and religious earn, besides the love and esteem of their fellow-men, an everlasting reward in the world to come. CHAPTEE III. THE SABBATH AND THE FESTIVALS. 41. Why is the seventh day of the week called Sabbath ? It is called Sabbath because on the seventh day God had ended the work of His creation. The word Sabbath C^???') means " ceasing, resting." 42. Why do we keep the Sabbath ? We keep the Sabbath to remind us that God is the Creator of the world, and that we have to offer our j3raises to Him. 43. Do you know an additional reason why we keep the Sabbath ? An additional reason why we keep the Sabbath is, that we have to thank God for having delivered our forefathers from Egj-ptian sla-\t>ry, and for having chosen us to be His beloved people. QUOTATIONS FROM THE BIBLE. 25 40. The Lord knowoth the days of the up- right, and their inheritance shall be for ever. (Ps. xxxvii. 18.) 41. And on the seventh day, God liad ended His work which He had made ; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had made. (Gen. ii. 2.) 42. The children of Israel shall keep the Sab- bath, to observe the Sabbath throughout their generations for a j^yerjjetual covenant. It is a sign between me and the children of Israel for ever ; for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, and on the seventh day He rested and was refreshed. (Ex. xxxi. 16, 17.) 43. Keep the Sabbath day to sanctify it ; . . . . and remember that thou wast a servant in the land of Egypt, and that the Lord thy God brought thee out thence, through a mighty hand, and by an outstretched arm ; therefore the Lord thy God commanded thee to keep the Sabbath day. (Deut. V. 12, 15.) 26 EARLY LESSONS. 44. Tlaw do we keep the Sabbath holy ? We keep the Sabbath holy by resting from all labour; by studying the holy Law, and by attending to the services which are appointed for the Sabbath. 45. How do we call the first day of a month ? The first day of each month is called ^'IP ^'^^ or New Moon. 46. What are the names of the Hebrew months ? The names of the Hebrew months are: — Nissan (19^?), lyar {V^), Sivan (iVP), Tammuz ("»J!>), Ab (3N), Ellul i^"^^^), Tishri CT^), Marcheshvan (|1V'C7^), Kislev O."???), Tebeth (n?tp), Shebat P^^\ Adar 01^), and in leap year, Ve-adar 01^1). 47. What festival begins on the 15th day of Nissan ? On the loth day of Nissan begins np3 or Passover. This festival is kept eight days, of which the four middle days are called "lyi^n ''in. QUOTATIONS FROM THp] BIBLE. Zi 44. If thou wilt, on account of the- Sabbath, withhold thy foot from working for thy common purposes ; and if thou wilt call the Sabbath a delight, sacred to the holiness of the Lord ; and if thou wilt honour Ilim, and desist from working in thy usual pursuits, and from seeking thy own pleasure, and from saying mischievous things : then shalt thou delight in the Lord, and I will cause thee to move in the high places of the earth, and permit thee to enjoy the inheritance of Jacob thy father ; for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it. (Isa. Iviii. 13, 14.) 46. (Nissan occurs within March and April, lyar within April and May, Sivan within May and June, Tammuz within June and July, Ab within July and August, Ellul within August and September, Tishri within September and October, Marcheshvan within October and No- vember, Kislev within November and December, Tebeth within December and January, Shebat within January and February, and Adar within February and March.) 47. See Ex. xii., xiii. 1 — 10 ; Lev. xxiii. 4 — 8 ; Deut. xvi. 1 — 8. •J8 EARLY LESSONS. 48. Why is the festival of Passover kept ? The festival of Passover is kept in remembrance of the great miracles by which the Almighty delivered our forefathers from slaver}"^ in Egypt. 49. A^Tiat kind of food are we commanded to eat during Passover? During Passover we are commanded to eat un- leavened bread, which is called '"lyP . 50. "\Vhat festival do we keep in the month of Si van ? On the 6th and 7th days of Sivan we keep niy^v' ^ that is, the Feast of Weeks, or Pentecost. 51. What is tlie object of this festival ? The object of this festival is to remind us of the giving of the Law on Mount Sinai. 52. Wliich is the first festival kept in the mouth of Tishri ? On the first and second days is kept the festival of ^^^'D ^'^"^ , which is the beginning of the Jewish vear. QUOTATIONS FROM THE BIBLE. 29 48. And ye shall observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread ; for in this self-same day have I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt ; therefore shall ye observe this day in your generations ; this is an ordinance for ever. (Ex. xii. 17.) 49. In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the montli at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of the mouth at even. Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses ; for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, even that soul shall be cut ofi" from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a stranger or born in the land. Ye shall eat nothing leavened ; in all your habitations shall ye eat unleavened bread. (Ex. xii. 18 — 20.) 50. See Lev. xxiii. 15, 16, and 21 ; Deut. xvi. 9, 10, and 11. 51. See Ex. xix. 52. In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, shall ye have a Sabbath, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, a holy convocation ; ye shall do no servile work therein. (Lev. xxiii. 24, 25.) '30 EARLY LESSONS. 53. What holy clay is kept on the tenth day of Tishri ? On the tenth day of Tishri we keep the Dni22n DV^ or Day of Atonement, which is ob- served as a strict fast. 54. IIow are the first ten days of Tishri ob- served ? The first ten days of Tishri, including the New Year and the Day of Atonement, are to be spent in repentance and prayer, in order that God may pardon our sins and give us His blessing. 55. What festival begins on the 15th day of Tishri ? On the 15th day of Tishri begins the festival of riiap , or Tabernacles ; it lasts nine days, including ~\V)T^^ ?in, or the five Middle Days, n-i>'y/rpv', or the Eighth Day of Solemn Assembly, and ^"p^ rin'ptr^ or the Rejoicing of the Law. 56. Why is the festival of Tabernacles kept ? The festival of Tabernacles is kept to remind us that our fathers had no fixed houses, but only dwelt in tents during the time that God caused them to wander in the desert. qrOTATIONS FROM THK mni.K. 31 f 53. Also on tlio tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a daj^ of atonement ; it shall he a holy convocation unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls. And ye shall do no work in that same day ; for it is a day of atonement, to make an atonement for you befoz-e the Lord your God. (Lev. xxiii. 27, 28.) 54. O Israel, return unto the Lord thy God, for thou hast fallen by thine iniquity ; take with you words, and turn to the Lord ; say unto Him, Take away all iniquity and receive us graciously ; so will we render the offerings of our lips. (Hosea xiv. 1, 2.) 55. See Lev. xxiii. J33 — 43 ; Deut. xvi. 13, 14, 15. 56. Ye shall dwell in booths seven days ; all that are Israelites born shall dwell in booths : that your generations may know that I made the children of Israel to dwell in booths, when I brought them out of the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God. (Lev. xxiii. 42, 43.) 32 EARLY LESSONS. 57. ^Vhat feast Isegins on the 25th of Kislev ? On the 25th of Kislev begins '^}l% or the Feast of Dedication ; it Lists eis:ht days. 58. Why is the Feast of Dedication kept? The Feast of Dedication is kept in remembrance of the victories which our fathers, under Judas Maccabajus and his brothers, gained over their enemies. 59. In what manner is the Feast of Dedication kept ? The Feast of Dedication is kept by sapng prayers of thanksgiving, and by lighting lights in our Synagogues and our houses as a sign of rejoicing. 60. A^liat Feast do we keep on the 14th day of Adar ? On the 14th day of Adar we keep the Feast of oniB^ which lasts two days. 61. ^Vhy is Purira kept ? Purim is kept because God saved our people from being destroyed by their enemy, Ilaman. QUOTATIONS FROM THE BIBLE. 33 57, 58, 59. (About 2,000 years ago, Jerusalem and our lioh' temple were in possession of Antioclius, a Syrian king, who wished to force our fathers to become heathens. Judas Maccaboous and his four brothers, of the Hasmonean family, resisted with small bands of faithful followers the larcre armies of the cruel Antiochus. After three years' fight- ing, Judas Maccabacus regained Jerusalem, and restored the temple to the service of God. Since that time we Jews have annually kept the festival of Chanucah. See the books of the ^laccabees, and Josephus, Antiquities, XII. vi. 1 to XIY, vi. 4.) 60, 61. (The history of Purim is related in the Book of Esther.) "Wherefore they called these days Purim, from the word " Pur " which means " lot " ; and the Jews ordained and took upon themselves that they would keep these two days in their appointed time in every year. (Esther ix. 26, 27.) 34 EARLY LKSSONS. CHAPTER IV. PRAYER AND THE SYNAGOGUE. 62. What is the number of the daily services ? There arc three daily services, viz., for the morning, the afternoon, and the evening. Besides these, there are prayers for special occasions. 63. What do we call these three services ? They are called n'^nnL", or morning service ; finap^ or afternoon service ; and i^i.yo, or evening service. 64. In what manner should prayers be said? While saying our prayers, we should be at- tentive and devout, and remember that we are addressing our Maker. 65. AVhat is a Synagogue? A Synagogue is a sacred place, where we Jews come together to say our prayers. 66. How must we behave in the Svna^offue ? In the Synagogue we must behave with proper attention, and think of nothing else but our prayers. QUOTATIONS FROM TTIK nilM-K. 35 62. Daniel went into his house, and the windows being open in his chamber towards Jerusalem, he kneeled on his knees three times a da}-, and prayed and gave thanks unto his God as he had done before. (Dan. vi. 10.) 63. Evening, and morning, and at noon will I pray. (Ps. Iv. 17.) 64. The Lord is nigh unto all that call upon Him, to all that call upon Him in truth. (Ps. cxlv. 18.) 65. How lovely are Thy habitations, Lord of Hosts ! (Ps. Ixxxiv. 1 .) 66. Through the greatness of Thy benevolence I enter into Thy house ; in reverence of Thee, I bow down towards the temple of Thy holiness. (Ps. V. 7 ) 36 EARLY LESSONS. CHAPTER V. MORAL DUTIES. 67. IIow must we behave towards our fellow- creatures ? We must behave towards our fellow-creatures with kindness, justice, and charity. 68. To what persons do we owe the most sacred duties ? The most sacred duties are those we owe to our parents. 69. What duties do we owe to our parents ? We owe to our parents respect, gratitude, and love ; for they sacrifice everything to our com- fort, and are ever anxious to make us good and happy. 70. What must be our conduct towards each other in our homes ? We must behave towards each other with kind- ness, gentleness, and love. 71. What duties do we owe to our teachers ? To our teachers, next to our parents, we should ' be respectful and obedient. QUOTATIONS FKOM THE BIBLE. 37 67. Thou slialt love thy neighbour as thyself. (Lev. xix. 18.) Just scales, just Aveights, a just ephah, and a just hin, shall ye have. (Lev. xix. 36.) 68. Honour thy father and thy mother. (Ex. XX. 12.) 69. My son, keep thy father's commandment, and forsake not the law of thy mother ; bind them continually upon thine heart, and tie them about thy neck. When thou goest it shall lead thee ; when thou sleepest it shall keep watch over thee, and when thou awakest it shall talk with thee ; for the commandment is a lamp, and the law is light ; and instructive reproofs are the guide of Hfe. (Prov. vi. 20—23.) 70. Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity. (Ps. cxxxiii. 1.) 71. From all my teachers I have derived wisdom, for I reflect over Thy instruction. (Ps. cxix. 99.) 38 EARLY LESSONS. 72. Why is it our duty to learn v\'hen we are young ? It is our duty to learn when we are young, because when we get older we shall have other duties to perform, which may prevent us from improving ourselves by study. 73. How can we gain the good opinion and the love of others P We can gain the good opinion and the love of others if we are considerate and unselfish, and act towards everybody with kindness of heart. 74. Wliat must be our conduct in order that we may obtain tho blessings of God? To obtain the blessings of God we must love Him, and lead a religious and virtuous life. QUOTATIONS FROM THE BIBLE. 39 72. Hear counsel, and receive instruction, that thou mayest be wise in thy after days. (Prov. xix. 20.) In the morning sow thy seed, and iu the even- ing let not thy hands be idle. (Eccl. xi. 6.) 73. Let not kindness and truth forsake thee ; bind them about thy neck, write them upon the table of thine heart ; so shalt thou find favour and good understanding in the sight of God and man. (Prov. iii. 3, 4.) 74. And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, with all thy soul, and with all thy might. (Deut. vi. 5.) 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