■.:..;v'^ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/adventuresofgoorOObescrich r. '// ,^ '^c.li^-/LJ~^ >L... ^' - j^^n- ADVENTURES, «r<;. «fc. L_J o- LD n- /v;) _^ ^^ Qr^ ^XS 6Trr THE ADVENTURES OF THE GOOROO PAR AM ART AN: A TALE IN THE TAMUL LANGUAGE: ACCOMPANIED BY A TRANSLATION AND VOCABULARY, TOGETHER WITH AN ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST STORY. BY BENJAMIN BABINGTON, OF THE MADRAS CIVIL SERVICE. LONDON : J. M. RICHARDSON, 23, CORNHILL. MDCCCXXII. CARPENTIER PRINTED BY J. HADDON, FINSEURY. TO THE HONOURABLE THE COURT OF DIRECTORS MANAGING THE AFFAIRS UNITED EAST INDIA COMPANY, IS RESPECTFULLY AND GRATEFULLY DEDICATED, By their most obedient and most humble Servant, B. G. BABINGTON. Miassv'i J PREFACE. The Tamul language is spoken by a population of more than five millions^ being current in the Southern portion of the Peninsula of India, throughout the Jaghire, the districts of South Arcot, Salem, Coimbatoor, Combaconum, Tanjour, Tri- chinopoly, Madura, Dindigul, and Tinnivelly, as well as in many parts of the extensive kingdom of Mysore. It is not derived from any language at present in existence, and is either itself the parent of the Teloogoo, Malayalam and Canarese languages, or, what is more probable, has its origin in common with these in some ancient tongue which is now lost, or only partially preserved in its offspring. In its more primitive words, such as the names of natural objects, the verbs expressive of physical action or passion, the numerals, &c. it is quite unconnected with the Sanskrit, and what it thence so largely borrowed, when the Tamuls, by intercourse with the more enlightened people of the North, began to emerge from barbarity, has reference to the expression of moral sentiments and abstract metaphysical notions, and is chiefly to be found in the colloquial idiom. In this remarkable cir- cumstance, and also in the construction of its alphabet, the Tamul differs much from the other languages of the South, which are found to admit the Sanskrit more largely in literary and poetical 11 compositions than in the ordinary dialect of conversation, and which adopt the arrangement of the Sanskrit alphabet with scarcely any variation. The higher dialect of the Tamul, on the contrary, is almost entirely free from Sanskrit words and idioms, and the language retains an alphabet which tradition affirms to have heretofore consisted of but sixteen letters, and which, so far from resembling the very perfect alphabet of the Sanskrit, wants nearly half its characters, and has several letters of peculiar powers. Since, therefore, as might have been expected from its geographical situation, the Tamul language has stronger traces of originality than any of the cognate dialects of Southern India, it is, with propriety, taken first in the order of study, and he who adds a knowledge of this Southern tongue to the more polished language of the North,* has more than half accom- plished the acquisition of all the Hindoo languages of India. It is unnecessary to enlarge upon the utility of the Oriental languages to those who are destined to the conduct of public affairs in India; since the advantage of an immediate intercourse between the mass of the people and those who are intrusted with their government, is now not only generally acknowledged, but also earnestly sought, in the measures which have been adopted, both at home and abroad, for the education of the Honourable Company's Servants. It is the object of the following pages, to furnish materials for commencing, in this country, the study of the Tamul lan- guage, and for this purpose a Tamul Tale has been selected, of which a Translation, Vocabulary and Analysis have been furnished. * The Sani-krit is thus designated in the Tamul countries. Ill The Story of the Gooroo Paramriitan, is one of the lighter productions of that profound scholar and rare genius, father Beschi ;* and, if it had any higher aim than the mere amuse- ment which its author might derive from thus satirizing the * The few following particulars, of one whose fame is so well estabished in the South of India, may not be unacceptable to those whose views are directed to that country. They are taken from a Tamul MS. in my possession, VTramamooni or the great Champion Devotee, as Beschi is surnamed by the Tamuls, was a native of Italy, and one of the religious order of Jesuits. Having been appointed by the Pope to the East India Mission, he arrived, in 1700, at the city of Goa, on the Western coast. He thence proceeded to Avoor, in the district of Trichinopoly, where he studied the Tamul language in both its dialects, as well as the Sanskrit and Teloogoo ; and with a view to public employment, which it was ever the Jesuit policy to seek in order to promote their religious views, he made himself master of the Hindostannee and Persian. It is probable that he held political offices in the earlier part of his life, for we can hardly suppose him to have risen at once to the appointment of Divan, which he held under the celebrated Chunda Saheb, during his rule as Nabob of Trichinopoly, especially as Chunda Saheb did not assume the government of that place until the death of the Rajah, which happened in the year 1736. From the moment of his arrival in India, he, in conformity with Hindoo custom, abandoned the use of animal food, and employed Brahmans to prepare his meals. He adopted the habit of a religious devotee, and on his visitations to his flock assumed all the pomp and pageantry with which Hindoo Gooroos usually travel. He founded a church at Konangooppam Ariyanoor, in the district of Baroor, and my MS. notices particularly a picture of the Madonna and the child Jesus, which he caused to be painted at Manilla and set up in that church. It was in honour of this Madonna, of her husband Joseph and the Lord Jesus, that he composed the Sacred Poem called Tembavani : which, vying in length with the Iliad itself, is by far the most celebrated and most voluminous of his works. It contains 3615 tetrasticks, each of which is furnished with a prose interpretation; and, to judge from the only Padalam or Canto which I have had an opportunity of reading, where the murder of the innocents is described, its merits are not over-rated. VTramamooni also founded a church at Tirookavaloor, ly Indian Priesthood, it was probably intended as a pleasant vehicle of instruction to those Jesuits whose labours required a knowledge of the Tamul language. Its grammatical accuracy, the variety of idiomatical expressions and constructions which it contains, a name which he gave to the town of Vadoogapet, in the district of Ariyaloor, and on the Madonna there he composed three Poems : Tirookavaloor Kalambagam, Anneiyajoongal Andadi, and Adeikala Malei. — The following are the most im- portant of the remaining works of this author; which, with exceptions that will be noticed, are extant only in MS. Kiteri Ammal Amraanei, a poem. Vediyarojookkam, a work in prose; where, as the name implies, the duties of one who has devoted his life to religion are laid down. Veda Vilakkam, also in prose; which, from the title (the light of the gospel), I presume to contain some doctrinal exposition of the Roman Catholic Faith. A Dictionary, Tamul and French; another Tamul and Portuguese; a third Tamul and Latin (see Note to page 67). Sadoor Agharadi, or the Four Dictionaries ; a Tamul work relating to the higher dialect. Of philological works he has furnished Tonnool Vilakkam; a Tamul Grammar of the higher dialect, written in Latin. Of this I made a Translation in 1814; which, having become the property of the Madras Government, is now, as I learn, under course of publication at their College Press. The Clavis Humaniorum Tamulici Idiomatis; a second Grammatical Treatise in Latin, relating to the higher dialect. A Latin Grammar of the common dialect; which has been published at the College Press at Madras ; and of which a faulty and vulgar translation has long been before the public. Such were the literary labours of Beschi, and he was distinguished as much for his piety and benevolence as for his learning. To the conversion of idolaters his principal efforts were of course directed, and they are said to have been uncommonly successful. Perfect master of Hindoo science, opinions and prejudices, he was eminently qualified to expose the fallacies of their doctrine, and the absurdities of their religious practices ; and, accordingly, he is much extolled for the triumphs which he obtained, in those controversial dis- putations which are so frequent among the learned in India, and for the almost miraculous skill which he displayed, in solving various enigmatical questions which his adversaries propounded for his embarrassment. It remains a subject of regret, that talents so rare, should have been devoted to and the apparently studied manner in which a great number of words are brought togetlier in so small a compass, seem to justify this supposition ; but, whatever may have been its first design, if these advantages be considered, and we further add that the incidents, though by no means devoid of humour, occasionally somewhat coarse, yet owe no part of their interest to those immoral allusions so frequent in Hindoo compositions, it will, I think, be admitted, that it is not ill suited to the object to which it is here appropriated. In the Translation, it has been my endeavour rather to adhere to the literal meaning of words, than to attempt, by indulging in latitude of expression, to give the force and spirit of the original. In languages so widely differing in idiom, as the Tamul and English, it became necessary to adopt decisively one or other of these methods of translation ; and though I am aware, that where the sole aim is to convey the force and style of an Author, this is far from being accomplished by a servile adherence to his diction, yet where instruction is the object, and the interpretation the promotion of a religion scarcely less replete with error, than that which it supplanted; but we may draw this practical conclusion from Beschi's success, that a thorough acquaintance with Hindoo learning and a ready compliance, in matters of indifference, with Hindoo customs, are powerful human means, to which the Jesuits owed much of their success, and which should not, as is too much the case, be despised by those who undertake the task of conversion in a better cause. Viramamooni continued to hold the office of Divan, in Trichinopoly, until the year 1740; when that city being besieged by the Mahratta army, under Morary Rao, and Chunda Saheb being taken prisoner, he contrived to effect his escape, and fled to the city of Gayal Patanam, then belonging to the Dutch. He there remained, in the service of the church, until 1742, when he was carried off by an illness, the particulars of which are not stated. His name is still remembered in Gayal Patanam, and masses continue to be offered up for the salvation of his soul, in that city and its neighbourliood. is intended as a substitute for a living teacher, it appears to me that the student is best assisted, when every passage is rendered as closely as is consistent with clearness and grammatical accuracy. To detail the various cases, in which diversity of idiom and the consequent deficiency of analogous expression have obliged me to have recourse to periphrasis, would be but to point out what will be sufficiently apparent on inspection. I may mention, however, that I have found it difficult, and sometimes im- practicable, to represent in English the honorific forms which so conveniently and elegantly serve in Tamul to distinguish the relative rank of persons. Those who are conversant with Italian, will call to mind, that there are several gradations of respect which one individual may indicate, by his mode of addressing another. He may commence his dialogue with tu, or voi, or ella, or vossignoria, and yet it would be difficult in our language to find an exact equivalent for the value of these expressions. In Tamul these honorific distinctions are marked, as well in substantives, and even in verbs, as in pronouns,* and they are preserved not only in addressing another, but also in speaking of a third person. The Vocabulary is intended to contain all the words which occur in the original Tale, and to give such meanings to each as are in use in the common dialect of the language. The motive for thus enlarging it was to supply the want of a dictionary, which in this country is not procurable, and thus to put the student in possession of the greatest quantity of infor- mation which could be derived from the perusal of a single book. The most complicated rules of the Tamul accidence, and those which admit of the greatest number of exceptions, relate to the See an instance in Page 122 and the Note upon it. Vll formation of the past and future tenses of verbs; and, as is usually the case with grammatical anomalies, they, for the most part, occur in words of frequent use, and such as will be found in the Tale before us. I have, therefore, with a view to familiarize the student's eye to these, inserted after each verb the terminations, in the first person singular, of the past and future tenses. The parts of speech are likewise stated throughout; and, with the kind and liberal assistance of Mr. Charles Wilkins, I have been enabled to refer the derivations from the Sanskrit, to their originals in the Devanagari character. The printed Dictionary in use in India, does not give any of these particulars, and, to that extent, I may venture to hope, that the Vocabulary here offered is better adapted to the use of a beginner. Tamul Syntax, more especially that of the low dialect,* has not hitherto been considered in detail by grammatical writers; nor do the native teachers, many of whom are acquainted with English, offer any very satisfactory explanations on this subject to their English scholars. The idiom is highly elliptical, and there is therefore room for discussion with regard to the supply of what is understood; some striking peculiarities exist in the powers of verbal derivatives, and numerous are the constructions which bear no analogy to what we find in other languages. An Analysis of the first Story has been attempted, but, for the reasons just stated, it can hardly be expected that in all cases the explanations offered will prove quite satisfactory and free * In Mr. Ellis's translation of Tiroovalloovan Cooral, a collection of Moral Apophthegms, written in poetry, an analysis is given of the construction of each •listich, by which the syntax of the higher dialect may be advantageously studied. The learned author did not live to complete this translation; but as 777 pages are already printed, it is to be hoped that this curious work will be carried on to its conclusion, by some one of the many Oriental Scholars now at Madras. b VllI from objection. The method I have followed, has been to give a literal translation of each sentence, numbering the English words according to the Tamul order. I have then proceeded to parse the Tamul words in their natural arrangement, numbered con- secutively to refer them to the English. This parsing embraces an explanation of the inflections which each word has undergone, the relation which it bears to the sentence in which it is placed, and the changes which, for the sake of euphony, take place in its initial and final letters. This last branch of Tamul Grammar, is one to which I would particularly direct the attention of the Scholar; first, because, as the language is written without any division between the words, unless it be well understood, it is absolutely impossible to read with even tolerable fluency; secondly, because much stress is laid on it, as a point of education, among the more literary of the Natives; and, thirdly, because it will be found in some measure to illustrate the permutations which, in a minor degree, were in use among the Ancient Greeks. I may add another, and perhaps the most important reason for attaining a thorough know- ledge of the changes of letters ; namely, that they are not to be considered, in all cases, as merely conducing to harmony of sound, though this must have been their original, as it is their usual object : in many instances they serve the more essential purpose of marking a difference of sense in words, which, from their similarity, might otherwise be confounded.* * Thus, the letters ^, g=, g-, | i, occurring at the commencement of a word, are respectively doubled after an infinitive mood possessing its usual powers ; but if that infinitive be used in the sense of an imperative, those letters remain without augmentation. So likewise when those letters at the commencement of a word follow a noun in the nominative case, they remain single ; but they are doubled if that noun be nominative in form , but genitive in signification. Lastly IX Both in the Vocabulary and Analysis, constant reference is made to the Tamul Grammar, recently published by Mr. Anderson; a work which, by judiciously uniting all the infor- mation scattered through several grammatical treatises, has supplied a long-felt deficiency in the elementary part of the language. 1 have also made use of the printed Tamul Dic- tionary, and of two MS. Dictionaries in my possession, the one Tamul and French, and the other French and Tamul. To the latter works I am more especially indebted, for much of the matter contained in the Notes. It remains for me to notice one or two particulars, with which it is lit my readers should be acquainted. In Tamul, as in Sanskrit, all the vowels are represented in writing, except the first, which is considered to be inherent^ as essential to the proper articulation of every consonant to which other vowels are not affixed. Still there is an ambiguity, because a consonant may be dead, as the Tamuls significantly express it, that is, without any following vowel. The Natives themselves do not distinguish in writing these two cases, trusting to the context for a solution of all difficulty ; and we need not doubt that this is sufficient to guide them, when we recollect, that throughout the Mahomedan languages, not one only. to give an example from our own Tale, we find this clause in the Second Story, "sr(2g-/ra\jr5 g-(2l_jrro\5a\3n-LjGLJC5tJr(5^ :" where we observe that the initial i |, of the word Q\ \ rr gnj cTo rr lj i u remains single, and we hence conclude that the preceding word is the past participle (Jyj Q? ^, ^o"^ the verb (5YJ Qf5 ^ ^ ^. If, on the contrary, the initial i i had been doubled, we should have known the preceding word to be the pronoun «l| rg 5", and that the letter (j\j was introduced before it, with the force of the Greek diganima, that the hiatus occurring between the final vowel of the word 6r Q^ n-, and the initial vowel of the word 2^ rg gj", might be avoided. but all the short vowels are omitted, and it is only in elaborate works that the diacritical points are inserted to supply their place. Europeans, however, have felt the necessity for marking the difference between the dead and the animated consonant ; and it has therefore been a practice among- them to place a dot over quiescent consonants, where ambig-uity was likely to arise, and to mark with a dash above, a consonant with the inherent vowel. This method is never more than partially pursued, and the double distinction is evidently unnecessary. Conceiving- that, to a beginner, all cases must be equally ambiguous, I have, in the following Tale, marked the quiescent consonants through- out, in the manner just mentioned. One exception alone occurs, in the letter (na) rj, which is never marked as quiescent, and the reason is, that the fount of letter which I purchased did not con- tain the requisite character. It would have been easy to have had a new matrix cut, but of this circumstance I was not aware until a considerable portion of the work was printed ; and tlien, for the sake of consistency, it appeared better to make no alteration. The Student will not find this deviation perplexing, for the letter r^ is quiescent, only when in company with another r5 (A. G. Sect. 22), or with its homogeneous vallinam (ta) ^. The larger type used for the heading of Chapters, does not contain any dotted letters.. The English orthography which I have employed in repre- senting Tamul words, is the same as that used by Mr. Anderson, excepting only that the double o is made to correspond with his Italian u. My motive for preserving this difference was, that I might retain the m, both short and long, for the purpose of re- presenting the sound which the vowels @ and ^^ have, when followed by certain consonants of the cerebral class. What is here offered to the public, is intended as a proof. XI trifling indeed, but probably the last which it will he in my power to offer, of the desire that I feel to render myself useful to a service, for which I entertain the most unfeigned regard, and which nothing but extreme ill health should have induced me to quit. The performance, small as it is, will I fear be found to fall far short of perfection in its execution. In those Oriental languages which have long attracted the attention of European philologists, the assistance derived from books of reference is full and satisfactory ; in the Tamul language this is far from being the case, and as the present small work was begun and has been completed in England, no opportunity has l^een afforded of consulting living authorities. I am however fully sensible that I could have no right to put forth any book, especially one of instruction, which I did not believe to be at least tolerably free from error; and the experience of several years' practice in the Tamul language, lattei-ly much increased, by my duties as Assistant Translator to Government, has afforded me some ground for the expectation, that such faults as may exist will not be found either very numerous or important. With greater confidence do I ask indulgence for the typo- graphical errors. Mr. Anderson's Grammar and the present composition, may be considered as containing the first attempts whicii have been made to print Tamul in this country, and the compositor was of necessity wholly unacquainted with the language. When it is averred that no pains liave been spared to render the text accurate, perhaps the best apology is offered for those faults which may remain, and I may say, in the words of the great Porson, " Quod si in hac re et similibus aliquoties aut meo ant typothetarum errore peccatum est, ignoscet sequus Xll lector, secum reputans, quam facile et mentis et oculorum acies hujusmodi minutiis examinandis hebetetur." In conlusion, I beg to offer my warmest acknowledgments to my friend Mr. Anderson. But for the hope of that Gentleman's kind co-operation, the present work would probably never have been undertaken ; and had not that hope been amply fulfilled by the material assistance which he has throuohout afforded, it would certainly never have been finished. 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He will also be enabled to judge of the reverence paid this sacred character by a reference to the Institutes of Menu. Ch. xi. verse 229, 230 and 232. H 2 52 their return to their Matlam,* when one day, they arrived in the third watch,f- at the bank of a river.J Under a notion that this was a cruel stream, which, in consequence, could not be passed while it was awake, the Gooroo gave orders to Dunce, and dispatched him to ascertain whelher the river were asleep. Upon this he lighted with a segar, and carried with him, a fire- brand§ which he had borne in his hand, and without approaching the river, kept aloof and stretching out the brand at arms length, dipped it into the water. * The Mattam is a secluded retreat, in which the Gooroo and his disciples reside when not engaged in visitations to those who are under their spiritual controul. 'j- In their civil day the Tamuls divide the twenty-four hours into sixty parts, called rg rr y? ^^ p?, each of which consequently con- tains twenty-four minutes. Seven rgrryP^^)^ and a half make one B= rr LD LD or watch, four of which are contained in the day and four in the night. The term f5= n" ld LD, however, is more com- monly emplo} ed in marking the time of night than that of the day. I The seven rivers celebrated in books, and classed together, are, e? nv G^ Uy, the Ganges — lu O^ S/trsr, the Jumna — rg (5ur LD (23) S"? the Nerbudda— f?' cr (2 e= nr ^, the Saraswati— ^ rr Q o^u rF', the Cavcry — ©LX) rp, the Kistnah, and Q ^ rr ^ rr ctlS rF", the Godaveri. § The firebrands used in India are either large stakes of a kind of wood (Ixora parviflora) containing bitumen enough to support a flame, and which are analogous to the teda of the Ancients, or they are, as described by Tavernier, "un linge entortille et trempe dans 1' huile que Ton met dans une maniere de rechaut au bout d'un baton." 55 Observing that as soon as he had immersed it, the water smoked with a hissing noise, away Dunce ran, hurrying, stumbHng and tumbhng, and cried out, *' O Master! Master! this is not the time for passing the river. It is awake; and no sooner had 1 touched it, than it flew into a passion, hissed hke a venomous serpent, and smoking in fierce rage, leaped and rushed at me. It is indeed a wonder tliat I escaped with the preservation of my hfe." To this the Gooroo repUed, *' What can we do in opposition to the divine will ? We will wait a little while.'* So saying, they sat down in a spreading grove hard by, which formed a dark shade, and as each Avas relating, in order to pass the time there, different circumstances regarding this river. Blockhead spoke as follows : "I have many a time heard my Grandfather tell of the ferocity and artfulness of this stream. My Grand- father was a great merchant. One day, he and a com- panion of his were driving along two asses laden with bags of salt, and when they had descended into the middle of the river, they washed themselves in the cool water, which was running up to their waists, (for, as it Avas in the hot season,* they were somewhat fatigued) and stopping the asses they bathed them also. * According to book authorities the 3'ear is divided into six seasons, termed 24 /V3/a\J (S) ^ LJ LJ (^ CTU LO- The 1st called 67 a* cr, comprehends August and September; it is the rainy season, at least on the AVestern side of India. 2nd, en_ ^ 'X, the cold season. / 54 "On arriving afterwards at the opposite bank, they saw, not only that the river had devoured the whole of the salt, but that the salt had all been miraculously drawn out, while the mouths of the gunny bags, which were well sewed, were not in the least opened. They con- gratulated themselves, saying, ha! ha! since the river has seized upon this salt, is it not a great blessing that it has left us unswallowed?" Upon this Simpleton began another anecdote. "The stratagems, wiles and thefts of this river have been numerous even in my day. Listen to one. A dog* holding fast in his mouth a piece of mutton which he comprehends October and November. 3rd, (Cp^ dbr I — ^ (y^, the former dews, comprehends December and January. 4th, LS (yoT ! I (yuP, the latter dews, February and March, (these two bear some analogy to the first rains and latter rains of the Jews, see Deut. ch. xi. 14). 5th, © a\rr Q cnJ (y^ /^ m rr o\d ld, the first hot season, April and May. 6th, (^^ ^ 0~ Q, C5\J (5^ 0\5, the hottest season, June and July. The Tamul months commence about the middle of our own, which throws these seasons a fortnight in advance. In ordinary conversation the above distinctions are not observed, but the following are substituted : C5\j IT 62? Ln ^ /T a\D LD comprehends December, January, February and March, or the winter, and Q^ rr Q^ La K" ES" /T a\5 LD comprehends May, June, July, August and part of September, while the rainy season is called LD ^2^ L_P ^ ^ H" OV) LD, by which we understand October, November and December. * The reader will here recognize a fable with which he is familiar. The author has more than once, as will presently be seen, introduced current stories which seemed to suit his purpose. 55 had stolen, was swimming in the middle of the stream, when the river deceitfully exhibited in its water another piece of flesh. As for the dog, he conceived, that, without any deceit, what he saw was the bigger ; so when quitting the piece which he held, he dived to snap at the larger one, both the one and the other disappeared, and the dog went home empty/' Whilst they were thus discoursing, they spied a horse- man coming from the other side. As only a single span depth of water was flowing in the river, he remained on horseback, and without being the least afraid, came hastily splashing through. On perceiving this, they cried out, *' Alack! alack! if our Gooroo too had a horse, both he and we with hiin might descend into the river without fear." Then they began to entreat him, saying, *' O Sir, you must by all means buy a horse." The Gooroo Noodle however replied, " we will talk of this matter hereafter." So as the day was declining and the evening ap- proached, he sent again to examine whether the river were asleep. Idiot accordingly took the same fire brand, and on immersing it for the purpose of exami- nation, he found that the water did not spirt up in the least, as the fire had been before extinguished; W being greatly delighted, he ran off, crying, *' Now is the time! now is the time! come along quickly, and do not open your mouths or make any noise; the time of the deep slumber of the river is come; there is no occasion now for fear or alarm." Upon Idiot's shouting 56 out this good news, they suddenly started up, and without uttering a single word, all six of them cautiously de- scended into the stream. At each step, which was so planted that even the waves beaten up by their legs made no rippling sound, they raised their feet over the water, advanced them, pressed them down again, and with hearts beating pit-a-pat tripped along and passed the river. As soon as they reached and ascended the bank, they were elated in proportion as they had before been sorrowful, and while they were jumping about. Fool who stood behind, counted all the rest without including himself.* As he only saw five persons while he was * This story bears so close a resemblance to the 10th of "the Merry Tales of the Wise Men of Gotham," that we cannot but conclude, either that it was borrowed from that Tale, or what is more probable, that both had their origin in some commonly current story. The Merry Tales to which I allude are now so scarce, that the reader will perhaps have no opportunity of determining this important point unless assisted by the following extract. "On a certain time there were twelve men of Gotham that went to fish, and some stood on dry land ; and in going home one said to the other. We have ventured wonderfully in wading, I pray God that none of us come home to be drowned. Nay, marry, said one to the other, let us see that, for there did twelve of us come out. Then they told themselves, and every one told eleven; said the one to the other, there is one of us drowned. They went back to the brook where they had been fishing, and sought up and down for him that was wanting, making great lamentation. A courtier coming by, asked what it was they sought for, and why they were sorrowful. O! said they, this day we went to fish in the brook; twelve of us came out 57 counting, he took alarm, crying out, " Woe is me ! woe is me! one is gone with the stream. Behold, Master, but five of us stand here/' Having placed them all in a row, the Gooroo himself counted them two or three times over; but as he always reckoned, omitting himself, he too pronounced that there were but five. Thus as one and all, each leaving himself out, added together only the others, it became certain among them that the river had swallowed up one. On this account they howled bitterly, crying out *'Alas! alasT and embracing one another exclaimed, " O thou cruel river. O thou more obdurate than a block, more savage than a panther. Plast thou not feared, yea but a little, to swallow up the disciple of the Gooroo Noodle, who is saluted, respected, wor- shipped and praised from one end of the world to the other? Wretch! hast ihou such a daring spirit, thou son of a black bear; offspring of a cruel tiger! Shalt thou attain to a future world ? shalt thou hereafter roll together, and one is drowned. Said the courtier, tell how many there be of you; one of them said eleven, and he did not tell himself. Well, said the courtier, what will you give me, and I will find the twelfth man. Sir, said they, all the money we have got. Give me the money said the courtier, and began with the first, and gave him a stroke over the shoulders with his whip, which made him groan, saying, here is one : and so served them all, and they all groaned at the matter. When he came to the last, he paid him well, sayincr, here is the twelfth man. God's blessing on thy heart, said thev^ for thus finding our dear brother." I 58 thy cool stream along? May thy source be totally dried up and scorched ; may the glare dart upon the sand in thy bed ; may fire feed upon thy waves ; may thy meadows be parched and withered ; may thy depths be filled with thorns ! Without moisture, without cool- ness, without even a mark to point out the place of thy former existence, mayest thou be in future con- sumed away \" Thus did they vent their abuse and railing, stretching forth their hands and cracking their fingers.* Never- theless, from their hasty stupidity, no one knew up to that moment which among them had been carried away by the river, and no one enquired who it might be. Just at that juncture, a sensible man who was travelling along the road came up, and touched with compassion demanded, " How now Master, how now, tell me, what is this bustle about?'' They in turn related to him in due order what had happened, and he fully perceiving their idiotism replied, " What has happened, has hap- pened.-f- If you will make me a suitable recompense, I have power to call hither him who is gone with the stream ; for know, that I am deeply versed in * The Hindoos in uttering a malediction, unite their hands by inter- lacing the fingers, and then projecting them forwards produce that sound commonly called cracking the joints. Their imprecations are still further strengthened, as they think, by casting dust at the object of them. t That is, what has taken place is irremediable. 59 legerdemain/' To that the Gooroo rejoicing answered, "If you will do this, we will give you forty-five fanams which we have provided for our journey/' Then the other raising a stick which he held in his hand, "Tis in this/' said he, " that this art is contained. If you will range yourselves in a row, and as you receive a blow upon the back, will each reckon by calling out his name, I will cause all six of you to be here present/' Having thus placed them, he first gave the Gooroo a thump on the back : " Holla!" cried he, " 'tis I, myself, the Gooroo/' " One," replied the man. In this manner he gave a blow to all of them, and each repeating his name respectively and casting up the account, they agreed in finding that not one among the six was missing. Being therefore astonished they came round the conjurer, and bestowing great praise on him, paid him the money which they had promised and went away. I 2 SECOND STORY. OF THE PURCHASE OF THE HORSE'S EGG. After the Gooroo Noodle and his five disciples had arrived at the Mattam, they went about relating the dilemma in which they had been placed in the river. Upon this an old one-eyed woman,* who was in the habit of sweeping the Mattam, having heard in detail all that had happened, said, " I am of opinion that there was a mistake in the mode in which you counted your- selves and added up the sum. If one reckons, leaving out either himself or any other person, the amount will be erroneous; however, if another occasion should occur, I will tell you a method by which such a mistake as this * The Tamuls divide the natural life of women, as our immortal Bard divides human life, into seven ages, 67"0^c5YJ^2) ^ LJ I ! Q[TJ (TlJ l*d. Until seven years old they come under the denomination G 1— ' S2) ^ J from seven till eleven they are considered Qlj ^ LD <5^ ' '• ; from eleven to thirteen LD ^ 22) ^ '> from thirteen to nineteen LD La rg (^^ ^ ; from nineteen to twenty-live 24rPC2)0\j; from twenty-five to thirty-one G S" ^ S2) <3\-i '> from thirty-one to forty QLjrf aVT ldQ LJObr: after the age of forty-one a female is reckoned an old woman, and is called, like the one-eyed dame in our story, ^ L-P to go for two purposes—© C3VT S'S/K*@LjGl_''^A9 g,/, to go to the tank— a\J nr LU ^ ^ /T Q\^ ^ (^ LJ G 1— i ^ A9 21/5 to go to the channel — ^/^/v^^(gLjGLJn-AO S/> to go to the river— G CTU OT^ G U_J G 1— ' n- /v:) s^', to go out— G ^ T (T^ 2/^TO ^ @ Lj G L— "^ z^ sy> to go to the field. t This expression is equally guarded as the former, and has an implied :en. l2 meaning which cannot be mistaken. 76 There was an Ayinar* temple upon its bank, in which there was a large horse of newly baked clay, which had been brought and deposited there in fulfilment of a vow. The lake being full of water, and the water clear, Dunce saw the reflection of that clay horse in the lake; and, astonished that a horse should stand in the water, as he perceived that it was of similar colour, size and ap- pearance with the clay horse which stood on the bank, there arose a suspicion with him that it might perhaps be its reflected image which appeared below. Just-i^ then, however, the water becoming undulated and ruffled by a breeze that blew over it, the horse also Avhich appeared in it was agitated, and as he perceived that there was no motion whatever in the horse on the shore, he became convinced that the horse in the water was separate and alive; moreover, as if to drive it away, he shouted out, and pelted it with a stone. With this, the water becoming more undulated, the horse also seemed to him to raise his head, to kick out his feet, and to leap with his whole body in trepidation. So taking alarm, he ran to the rest and related every thing that he had seen. * Ayinar, SL| LLS'cSS) 'T" or 2^ lLi U_J c^^) cr ; called also «L| rP 65 O" (jbr and f5= n~ g" ^ /J", is the son of Vishnoo. His distinguishing weapon is the G ^ rr rf^ LU ^ 5" ^j determination as to whether the matter under consideration can and ought to be done. f See the Note in page 73. 78 undulation of the water, from the impetus with which it plunged in, the horse also which appeared there, seemed as if seen to leap, to wriggle and to kick, in consequence of which they all took alarm and ran awaj. One of them, however, who had hold of the turban did not let it go, but remained with it in his grasp. After the Avaves of the lake had subsided, he drew softly near, and as he continued to troll the bundle of rice which had been cast in, some large fish in the lake bit at the cloth; perceiving signs of which, he beckoned the rest to him by a signal with his hand and cried, *' Look ye! the horse is biting the bait." On drawing up the turban after a little while, the cloth and the rice were both gone, in consequence of which, the sickle which was fastened to the turban stuck in a large weed that was spreading out beneath the water. They all cried out with delight, *' Now that the hook has stuck in the horse's mouth, he is our own:" then uniting together they pulled at the turban, which being an old one, it gave way, and they all at the same instant fell on their backs. A good man coming up at the moment when they had thus tumbled down, asked what was the matter, and they related every thing as it had occurred. Upon this, he, perceiving their simphcity, veiled with a cloth the clay horse which was on the shore, and shewing them that the horse in the water was also thus hidden, he did away with the delusion. They then pointed out the Gooroo, and related to the man, with every particular, how, from their not having 79 money to purchase a horse, which was so absolutely necessary in consequence of his decrepid age, they had bought the egg of one; how it had been destroyed, and how they had suffered vexation on account of the hired ox. He, perceiving that they were well meaning folks, and without guile, had pity on them, and said, " I have a lame horse, an old one indeed, however, it will be serviceable for journeys of the description you make; fanam* or kasoo is unncccessary, I give it you gratis. Come all of you to my house.'' So saying, he took them away with him. * See the words LJ (5OTr LD and U^ rr ^ in the Vocabulary. The latter word is usually pronounced cash by Europeans, but the Tamul orthography is used in the text, that the reader may not mistake it for an English word. FIFTH STORY. OF GOING HOME ON HORSEBACK. That good man carried them away in the manner already mentioned to the village where he lived, which was in the neighbourhood. He was not a rich man;* he was indeed poor, but he was charitable; so he spread before them a repast, in which there was no lack of ghee, or milk, or tyer^-f and gave them betel leaf J and nut,§ and tobacco, and whatever else was requisite in abundance. * A rich man, ^ T (TU£ LU avj H" our. There are eight components,, aj 2I0 1 LL? er rP LU n^ Q> OvT, which constitute ^ cr crxS lu Lb, or wealth : viz. 5" (5^ LDj money — S" /itcj^llj LD^ corn, that is, land — (§■ LD n" O" 0"j children — (TU2A)^/, goods or personal property — OVJ n~ 03 (JOT lDj conveyances, horses, camels, elephants — G 0\J fj) SJy relations — G ^ <:^^ ^ ^ OVH", friends, allies — SLJ Q' S2) LD, slaves. From this enumeration it will, I think, be granted that the Hindoos have tolerably clear notions respecting the good things of this world. The eight pleasures or enjoyments of life, 24 2_i5 1 Q,\ ! rr es" ld, are 1st, G l-J ^ ^ <5^ LD^ eating. 2nd, a\J 2A3 ^ rr ld, clothing. 3rd, G ^ '3 S" LD, odours. 4th, l_j '2-p. (_J LD, flowers. 5th, ^ T Cd\_^, OV) LD, betel and areka. 6th, L_? ^vp njLOnr CUT Q lj 6W5r 9= rr ^, a beloved wife. 7th, e= ^ ^S" G ^ ^ ^ '—Q., a band of musicians. 8th, LJ OV) rr Z07sr, a couch of flowers. t Milk curdled into a solid mass, by the addition of a small quantity of milk already curdled. It is usually eaten with rice. ± Piper Betel. § Areca Catechu. 81 On the following morning, he sent for the horse which was grazing in his fields, and setting it before the Gooroo presented it to him as a gift.* The horse, besides being aged, was bUnd of an eye, shorn of an ear, lame in one of his fore legs, and limping-f* in one of the hind legs : so that it was a conveyance suitable to the woeful form of the Gooroo. Although such his plight, they were all greatly delighted that ihey had got a horse, and that it had been obtained gratis. Gathering around, they lavished on it their caresses, this one patted it, that one laid hold of a leg and twisted it, one seized the tail and pulled it, another wiped its eyes, while another fed it by cramming grass into its mouth. After this, on searching for the horse's trappings, he who had made them a present of the horse gave them an old saddle which was torn. However, as it wanted the hind-strap (crupper) which passes under the tail, they procured some palei-kodij stalks and tied them on: so likewise, as there was no rein to the bridle, they sub- * This may seem somewhat tautological, but the word G ^^ n" (5* ^ 5" fT cbr, he gave, does not necessarily imply that the object pre- sented was a free gift; therefore the w^ord ^ T 6OTP ^ 22) ^, a present or gift, is likewise expressed. Thus in Virgil, Est mihi disparibus septem compacta cicutis ristula, Damoetas dono mihi quam dedit olim. t The text is L? OT O? rr 0X5 O^ 'LQ. ^ ^ nr qvy ld. I am not acquainted with the w^ord (^^ 'LQ. ', but am inclined to think it a mistake for Qi? Lr] ^) lame or limping, from (^^ Lzi LD, lameness. X See the w^ords LJ rr ^Lf^ss^ and Q^ rr \ — q. in the Vocabulary. M 82 stituted twisted hay bands* After they had given them- selves much trouble to obtain a belly band and girths, not being able to procure them, Blockhead went to a village in the neighbourhood, and purchased both these and a martingale. When all the trappings had been thus obtained, the unlucky* days were passed over, and at a fortunate moment, according to the rules of astrology, all the village having come forth in company with them, shouting out and cheering, they placed the Gooroo Noodle on horse- back at the head -of the procession. Then, one of the five disciples laying hold of the bridle pulled forward. One placed near the tail, hooted, and drove the beast on. Two of them at the two sides, keeping hold of the Gooroo's legs, supported him ; while another in front, acting as herald,^- cried, "Take ye care, take ye care, look out, look out;" and thus they went along. * If the 12th day of the Moon's age fall on a Sunday, the 11th on a Monday, the 5th on a Tuesday, the 2nd on a Wednesday, the 6th on a Thursday, the 8th on a Friday, the Qth on a Saturday, these days are accounted unlucky. On the contrar}^, if the 8th fall on a Sunday, the 9th on a Monday, the 6th on a Tuesday, the 3rd on a Wednesday, the 9th on a Thursday, the 13th on a Friday, the 14th on a Saturday, these days are esteemed lucky. In general, the 1st day of the moon's age, the 4th, the 6th, the 8th, the 9th, the 11th, the 12th, the 14th and the 15th, are esteemed unluckly, unless their ill luck be corrected by the day of the week according to the above table. On the contrary, the 2nd, the 5th, the 7th, the 10th and the 13th, are esteemed lucky. t See Dubois' Work, page 67. 83 After they had travelled merrily along for a consider- able distance, the collector of toll belonging to the highway came running up, and stopping them, demanded five fanams for the horse. To this they replied, by crying out, "What! toll for a horse ridden by a Gooroo! Has this any thing to do with commerce? This forsooth is a horse given by a person out of charity, who perceived that owing to his decrepid age he was unable to go on foot : what toll is there for this? 'Tis an injustice/' As he would not quit his arrest, even until it was high noon, seeing no other way, they gave the five fanams. The Gooroo, too, reflecting that if he had been without a horse, this vexation would not have been occasioned, was in great tribulation. They went to refresh themselves in a choultry which was near, and to a good man whom he found there, the Gooroo himself began making great complaint. " I never,"" said he, " mounted a horse from the day that I was born. Now to-day, on the occasion of my riding for the first time, this is the injustice which I have ex- perienced. Shall the money which they thus wickedly obtain, like thieves who unlawfully take possession of the road, do them any good ? Shall not the money, which they consume* my belly by receiving, become a fire to them ?*' * OVJ LU G A9 rf^ LU is a phrase, which translated literally signifies " the belly to bum," or " be in a burning state," but which means, also, " to be very hungry," or to "grieve." In the original, there is a kind of double entendre, therefore, which does not admit of translation, arising from the two-fold meaning of the phrase. M 2 84 To which the other replied, " This, Sir, is the temper of the times; in these days, money is the Gooroo, money is the deity ; we have heard it said of old, that if you hut name money, even a corpse mil open its mouth. Now- a-days. Sir, there is no other care or love but money/' The Gooroo answered, "In these times there are some, who if they see money, though it be in ordure,* will not scruple to lick it out/' Said the other, " Is there any doubt of this ? And even that. Sir, doth not stink to them : listen to an evidence of this. "A certain king,-f- from a desire of money, after he had imposed upon his kingdom all sorts of taxes which had not existed before, levied a tax also upon urine. This, even his own son not enduring, he remonstrated with his father, saying that it was shameful to demand such a stinking tax. The king, however, dismissed his son with- out making a reply. After many days had elapsed, and the money had been collected for the tax which had been * The ordure of different animals has different names, which it is proper to bear in mind. The general term is ^ P'.Q '1 LD — that of the ox and buffalo is called ^ rr 601^, &= rr rgrTQ ^ iJo, or ^ H" xSTO Hxi Bi LD — that of the elephant and of the horse, Q> CJV» ^ ^ — of birds and lizards, 6rB=9=LD — of goats and sheep, LS* O" B" ^JS" ^^ — of the do- mestic fowl, Qm rr L^^ u^ rr rr ld— of man, 2J G C5V) S" ^ lu LD, LD C3\!) LD. The above are terms of decency, but the word l—S*, so often used by people of, low caste and education, is to be avoided as grossly vulgar. t This is the well known story of Vespasian and Titus, which the Author has artfully introduced in illustration of his subject. 8o imposed, the king, sending for his son, desired him to smell that money :.* Does it stink?" demanded he. The son, not thinking of any ulterior meaning, said it smelt well enough ; upon which the king replied, ' This is the very money from the urine tax/ Dost hear me? It is enough, if the money but comes; it is no matter, Sir, how it comes/' After they had in this manner passed the day in much conversation, in the evening the Gooroo again mounted the horse, and when they had travelled along they halted in a hamlet. They did not tether the horse, but turned him out to feed at night, and when they went in the morning to seek him for their journey, he was not to be found. On entering and searching from house to house, a person had detained him tied up in his enclosure, and when they requested that he would give him up, he re- plied, "The whole thirty hours* of the night he has been feeding on my grain, by which as I have suffered much injury, I will positively not let him go.'" Upon this the chief of the village went himself to him ; but although he endeavoured to appease him, both by entreaties and threats, he said that he would agree to give him up, only on condition that the damage should be made good. A numberj^ of persons assembled, who having enquired into the injury which had been done by the grazing, and having estimated what had been trodden down and what * See Note in page 52. t Literally, four persons ; but the number is used in an indefinite sense. S6 had been fed off, pronounced that there was a damage of ten fanams, or at least, that there was a damage of eight fanams. In the end, however, an agreement was made for four fanams; which the man having received, gave up the horse. As for the Gooroo, being greatly distressed, ''Wherefore have I this horse ?" said he, " how many expenses, how many sorrows, how many degradations have been in- curred in consequence of its coming ; all this, my friends, is ill befitting my dignity/' So saying, he resolved firmly to go on foot. Upon this both his disciples and the village folk cried, " Fie, fie, this ill beseems you, besides, you are unable to walk on foot.'" Then a certain Valloovan* hearing all this, said, "You need not grieve, Sir. Undoubtedly all these calamities have come upon you, from the sin which has possessed the horse. If you, once for all, will incur an expense and give me five fanams, I will cast out and remove that sin."' Reflecting, that " if one fears expense, business cannot he clone,'' they consented to give the money, and told him to cast out the sin. Then the Valloovan, in order to deceive them, per- formed several ceremonies, plucked some green leaves, sprinkled them over the horse, screamed out, " Moona ! moona! ah! oh!'' And having performed circumgy- rations round him, he came thrice to the right, and after patting and stroking the horse from the tail to * See the word C5\J OvT <3$£3 (5\J obr in the Vocabulary. 87 the head, seized hold of the single ear. " In this very ear," said he, " all the sin is lodged. It was in order to cast out such a sin as this, that the other ear was here- tofore cut off. Now, if we cut off this also, the sin of the present day will be suppressed and stayed."' With this, having sharpened a chopper, they cut off the ear, and in a trice bore it to a distance, in order that the sin might not attach to any one. They then dug a deep pit, buried it, and covering it with earth, placed a mark there and came away. As all that day was consumed, on the following morning they departed, and after having suffered much trouble arrived at the Mattam, SIXTH STORY. OF THE BRAHMAN'S PROPHECY. After their arrival at the convent, the Gooroo was very much out of spirits. The gift-horse was a very defective horse, yet it was a great happiness to him that it had come without purchase; still, however, harping and harping upon the sorrows and misfortunes which had happened on the road on account of the horse, he con- tinued to suffer great anxiety of mind : so, assembling his disciples, he began to give them divers sage counsels. " Brethren, I perceive every day more and more, that all the pleasures of the world are false pleasures. Good unmixed with evil, a sweet unmixed with bitter, and joy unmixed with sorrow, are here unattainable. Alas ! alas ! were we not greatly delighted, that, through civility, we had obtained a horse without paying for him? Ye have witnessed the sad misfortunes which visited us, and, on that very day, immediately followed this good fortune. Must we swallow so much bitterness, in licking up one drop of honey ? Ah ! even the grain of fine rice* is =* e= rr OnS Q r5 0X5 QO/, is a superior kind of rice. 89 within its husk, and to fruits* of every kind there is a skin and a stone.-f- All this is indeed true; nevertheless, the evil which I have endured within the space of one day is extreme. It is certainly not befitting me to go about riding on horseback. Shall I have the audacity to go in opposition to the destiny above ? No, no. It will be proper, then, hereafter to send the horse back again." To this all the disciples with one accord replied, "This must not be ; this must not be. Do not talk so, Sir. Is this a horse which you have purchased .'* Is this a horse which we have sought? No indeed, it is a horse which came of itself, as a providential assistance ; did it not? If we send it back, it will be to go in opposition to the divine will ; will this be proper? This will, indeed, be a sin. Sir. Besides this, there is nothing to excite alarm, now that that Valloovan has cast out the sin which had got pos- session of the horse.'* By their stating at large, this, as well as many other reasons, the Gooroo himself having recovered his spirits, said, " Be it according as you have said; however, in order that the mishap which we met with the other day, may not occur in future, it will not do to turn the horse out to feed at night, but we must positively keep him tied * In tlie acceptation of the word W (5^, fruits, nuts of different sorts and plantains are not included; so that the saying is precisely true in the original, though not in the translation. t In two cabs of dates there is one cab of stones and more. A Hebretc Proverb. N 90 up in-doors, and I do not know of any place foi' that purpose.'^ Then, said Simpleton, " What need of con- sideration for this? I will go now directly and cut some Banian branches, and bring them, and in a moment I will construct a neat stable up in the corner/' The instant that he spoke, he set out, and ascending a large spreading Banian tree which was by the road side, he began to cut* with an axe a straight branch which projected. He, however, stood at the end, and chopped the part next the trunk; which a Brahman traveller who was coming along the road having perceived, cried out, "Ho! brother,"!- do not stand in this manner, you yourself will fall together with the branch." To this he replied, *' Comest thou with this evil boding to me?" With that he hurled at the Brahman a knife which he kept sheathed at his waist. Whilst the other thinking, " Let this fool learn by suffering," retreated and made his escape. * This adventure will remind the reader of that admirable stroke of satire in Hogarth's engraving of an Election : where a foolish fellow sits at the extremity of the Crown sign-post, and saws the portion on which he is supported. Our Author wrote before Hogarth's time, but the idea is very ancient ; for, as I learn from an eminent Sanskrit Scholar, it is contained in an anecdote related of Kalidiisa. t The terms !2IJ LU LU d^r, a father; ^ lU L_i obr, a father; 24 LD LD IT a^, a mother ; ^ LD !_!?, a younger brother, 8cc. are frequently used, in familiar address, among persons who are not related to each other; for the Tamuls follow the rule of Erasmus, "Senes, ignotos adolescentulos filiormn cognomento salutant; adolescentes vicissiin illos patres aut Dominos." In Greek, this idiom is common : thus, 'E^ avXag & jnctTzp ; Theocrit.y and it is probably to be found in all languages. 91 As for Simpleton, he chopped away, still standing in the same manner in which he had stood before, so that when the wood was more than half cut through, it broke, and he himself fell down with it. " Am ! am ! ma !" ex- claimed he, " that Brahman is a great Shastri, a mighty Prophet, it has happened just as he predicted/' So saying, he quickly rose up, and ran to overtake the Brahman. This latter, perceiving him running all on a sudden towards him, stood in terror, doubting what this senseless wild beast might do. Simpleton, approaching, made him a reverence, and said, *' Sir, you arc a great Shastri, pray prophecy for me yet once more; I am a disciple of the Gooroo Noodle, for whom I have a great affection. As he is of a decrepid age, I am fearful that he will die in the course of a short time. Do pray now, for my comfort, tell me at what period his end will be, and what will be the signs that will appear previously to it.'' The Brahman in order to effect his escape, made various excuses ; but, as the other would not quit him, he at last said, ^' Asaiiam shltam jivana nasham." "What is this Sir? pray tell me its meaning," asked the other importunatelj'. The Brahman replied, " On whatsoever day your Gooroo's posteriors shall become cold, it will be a sign that his death is at hand." So Simpleton, having made obeisance,* departed, and dragging the branch which he had cut to the IVIattam, * Obeisance, rs LX) 2A:) U^ T T Cd. See Dubois' Work, page 20?. N 2 92 related circumstantially all the particulars that had passed. The Gooroo upon this was very sorrowful, and thus spoke. '' It cannot be asserted that the said Brahman is not a great Shastri, for every thing imme- diately happened to thee, exactly as he had foretold. In like manner, the prophecy which he has pronounced and sent to me, must be infallible. Asanam shitam fivana nasham, is a true saying. For the future, great care will be requisite : my feet* must never be washed, and for the rest — God's will be done." * The force of this expression has been already adverted to. The literal meaning of the words would be inapplicable, but the implied sense has direct reference to the Prophecy. SEVENTH STORY. OF FALLING OFF THE HORSE. After the circumspection, which has been mentioned, had been for some time used, they set out upon a tour from village to village; impelled by the consideration, that should they travel around the district, the disciples might collect their money, but that in the Mattam no income could be realized. One day, when they were on their return to the Mattam, as the Gooroo was jogging along on horseback, his turban happened to fall off behind him, in consequence of encountering the branch of a tree which hung down- wards.* Thinking that the disciples had picked it up, after he had travelled on quietly for a considerable dis- tance, he asked them, " Where is my turban ? please to * The roads, in India, are not unfrequently lined with Banian trees, whose wide spreading boughs, covered with thick fohage, afford a welcome shade to the traveller. From these boughs, the largest and lowest of which are horizontal, numerous roots are suspended, which in time reach the ground and become new trunks. They may with truth be said to hang downwards ; an expression, which would scarcely apply to the bough of any other tree. 94 give it me/' They replied, " It is yonder, and probably lies on the spot where it fell/' Upon which he grew angry, and said, "Is it not necessary to pick up every thing that hath fallen?'' So Idiot immediately ran off, and as he was bringing along the fallen turban which he had picked up, he placed in it some dung loosely evacuated by the horse (for he had been feeding on the commons, upon grass that was green in consequence of some showers of rain which had fallen that night), and delivered it into the Gooroo's hand. He then became exceedingly enraged, crying out, " Fie fie/' To this they all with one accord, replied, " How is this. Sir ? Did you not deliver your instructions before, saying, that every thing which fell was to be picked up; and now, because Idiot acts according to those instructions, you fly into a passion ; wherefore is this?" As for the Gooroo, he rephed, " Not so. There are some things which it is proper to pick up, and others which it is improper to pick up. You should act with some shew of sagacity/' To this they replied, " We are not men so clever as all that." So they requested that he would write down, separately, such things only as they were required to pick up, and these he wrote accordingly. After this, in travelling along, the ground being slippery and wet, the lame horse, which tottered as it went, tripped and fell down, and the Gooroo tumbling head downwards and feet upwards into a large hole which was near, roared out for help, and cried, " Pray run and pick me out." The disciples ran to him, and one of them taking out the 95 cadjan,* which he had before written and given to them, began to read thus : " To pick up a fallen turbanf — to pick up a fallen waist-cloth and short cloth — to pick up a fallen jacket and drawers/' Thus the Gooroo lay there * A name, probably of Portuguese origin, used by Europeans at Madras to signify the leaf of the Palmyra tree. (See the word ^ 2/u>D in the Vocabulary.) The languages of Southern India are usually written, or rather engraved, on this material. t The articles of clothing (2 — (P LJ m) among the Tamuls are few and simple ; though their names, some of which are synonymous, and others expressive of differences in manufacture, colour and other circumstances, are extremely numerous. It seems probable, that an- ciently they wore no sewn garments, and that the jackets now so much in use among the higher classes of citizens, and the boddices worn by dancing women, as well as females of the higher orders, were introduced by the Mussulmans on their conquest of the country. To this day, those who, residing far from towns, and following rural occupations, are less disturbed in their observance of the customs of their ancestors, wear none but long unsewn cloths, in the precise state in which they come from the loom ; and in none of the Ancient Sculptures of Southern India, are either jackets or boddices to be found, the men or gods bein"- represented naked, and the women being furnished with a broad ornamented belt, which passes horizontally across the breasts and under the arms. The turban is likewise of modern introduction and partial use; Brahmans, with the exception of those who hold official situations, seldom wear it, and many other classes, more es- pecially in the countiy, go bare-headed even in the hottest weather. The genuine dress of the men, therefore, consists of the Q U^ rr LSD 6OTr LD, a cloth which delicacy absolutely demands, and which is the only covering worn by the labouring classes — the Q^ rr UD cjtJT, a cloth of 8 cubits in length, which is passed several times around tlic waist and between the legs, thus entirely covering the lower half of 96 naked, while they went over each article, one by one, according as it was read out, and notwithstanding all his entreaty and all his rage, because this was not written in the cadjan, they persevered in refusal, saying, " Sir, where is it written that you are to be picked up ? shew us. We will do exactly according to what is written ; but we will never consent to do that which is not written/' He, perceiving their obstinacy and seeing no other way of the person — the G C5\J 2_e 'L-O-j a cloth, of 4 four cubits length, which is usually carried over one of the shoulders and is occasionally used to cover the head — the ^ LJ LJ 'LQ., a cloth, of from 19 to 20 cubits, which envelops the upper part of the person. Perhaps the e=cr\!)a\5 L:3 LD, a sort of short trowsers reaching half way down the thigh, and worn by soldiers and athletae, may be also of ancient origin. To these we may annex the modern additions, of the 5" SJ^K) LJ I — I /T, or turban, of 30 cubits length — the ^ Lb $225 L^j or linen vest, which fits the body in the upper part and has a full skirt, and the 2 — 22> l-3> or trowsers worn by dancers. The true dress of the women is a single cloth of 14 cubits in length, called G ^ 2/a>D or L_j l-^J ^2) the cr 524 ^ ^3) S", or boddice, already observed to be of Mussulman origin, and the 2 22) 1-3, which are loose drawers or trowsers. 97 escape, took a cadjan and a stile, and wrote, in the place where he was lying, " And if I fall you are to pick me up/' His disciples, when they saw what was written, all, with one accord went and picked him up. As his body was entirely covered with mud, because there was muck in the hollow into which he had fallen, they washed him in some water which was at hand ; and, afterwards, having put on all his clothes as before, they seated him on the horse and conveyed him to the Mattam. EIGHTH STORY. OF THE INTERMENT OF THE GOOROO. From the great alarm and bustle, on the occasion when he fell and lay in the hole, no one called to mind the prophecy which the Brahman had previously made. It was only after having again mounted on horseback, that the Gooroo himself, perceiving that his posteriors were cold, grew sorrowful. Nevertheless, he refrained from saying any thing, until their arrival at the Mattam. Owing to the shock of falling at his decrepit age, he could obtain no sleep that night, but tossed about rest- lessly, and suffered great tribulation from the thoughts of the above-mentioned prophecy. Not allowing himself to suppose, that the pain which agitated his frame and caused his restlessness, arose from the fall from the horse into the pit ; he was confirmed in the notion, that it doubtless all proceeded from his approaching death, occasioned by the coldness of his rump. With this thought he was distracted and terrified within himself during the whole night, and unable to close his eyes even for a single instant, he groaned frequently, and, urged by the unsettled state of his mind, he afterwards at break of day sent for his disciples. On their coming to see him, they were greatly alarmed to perceive, that his countenance was changed ; that his 99 two eyes had sunk in their sockets; that his face was withered and shrivelled, and that over it there was a pale hue mixed with brown; that his mouth was without moisture; his speech confused, and that he stared as it were upon vacancy. Then, fetching a deep groan, he exclaimed, " O ! my brethren, place me in the sepulchre and perform the rites of burial to my corpse/' "How is that. Sir?" demanded they in terror. "How is that!" replied the Gooroo, "have ye then forgotten the words, Asanam shitam jivana nasham. In the pit, into which I fell yesterday, there was much water and mud, in con- sequence of which my rump became wet. Never- thelesSj owing to the mishap which then took place, this did not occur to me. I afterwards perceived that my pos- teriors were very cold, and I thought upon the shaster which the Brahman had pronounced. Accordingly, I have experienced pain of body and uneasiness during the whole night, nor have I obtained the least sleep, so that I am become fully sensible that my death is approaching. Further deliberation is needless, ye will speedily prepare for my interment." They too, on thinking of that augury, were terrified ; but although terrified,* they did not disclose, but sup- * 2L| <^ ^ ^^ & 05- Ov^ sy <^ ^' e^±9 Q\2/ LD, theij zcere terrified, but although terrified. This repetition, though somewhat redundant, adds force to the disjunction. Thus also in the following passage : 'Op^CJ povi1g filv iv, (ppovovaa 8', ov BiXug naidag t oviiaai, koI gov tKauxrai (iiov. Eurip. Hippolytus, line 313, 314. o2 100 pressed their inward alarm, and administered every species of consolation in order to tranquillize the Gooroo^s mind. Perceiving, that notwithstanding all that they could say, the tribulation of his mind was not appeased, they sent for one named Asangadan (the mocker), the son of Achedanamoorti (the irrational), who had formerly been the soothsayer of the village, and took him to cast out the evil spirit which possessed their Gooroo, and to comfort his mind. After he had heard all the circumstances which had previously occurred, Asangadan came, and, with eyes, mouth and nose, convulsed (by his grimaces), demanded, '' What is the matter with you. Sir? Say, what ailment has come upon you, what pain, what grief, what affliction? My Gooroo! my Master! my Father!" To all this the Gooroo made no other answer, except the sentence, Asanam shitam jivana nasham. Then the other replied, "Very well then, that Brahman has asserted, forsooth, that a coldness of your rump will be your destruction, and I will cause the heat of his rump to be his destruction. Point me out that Brahman, I will perform rice-beater Poojei* upon him, and thus cast out and put an end to all the evil which has happened through his means. Point him out immediately, point him out." '' Is there,'' said the Gooroo, " such a poojei, as rice- beater poojei ? I have never seen or heard of such a poojei ; tell me what it is.'' To this, Asangadan began * See the word i—t) C2) ^ in the Vocabulary. lOi to reply, saying, "This sort of poojei is certainly a poojei which is not to be found among the Oodsameiyams,* or Poorrachchameiyans. Listen attentively. "There was a merchantf* who was a great worshipper of Shivan; and who, from his desire to give food daily to Pandaramsjj used to invite them to a meal wherever he met them. He had no children, and as for the wife whom he had married ,§ it being a great plague to her to dress and serve rice in this manner daily for one or two Pandarams, her husband's way of going on was by no means agreeable to her; nevertheless, as she knew that if she said any thing to her husband on this subject he would not brook it, she hit upon a stratagem. One day, * See the words 2 Lb 9= 02) LD LU LD and MA9e=9=a2)LDLULD in the Vocabulary. t The Brahmans hold, that of the four castes, namely, Brahmans, Warriors, Merchants and Cultivators, only the first and last remain in the present age, or Kaliyoogam. Those, however, who hereditarily follow commerce maintain, as might be expected, a contrary doctrine, and assert themselves to be true (S) C5\J ^ lu d^, or Merchants. There are, according to native authority, three distinct occupations, (TU ^ LU '7~ O^ gr G 57 ^ y? CJNJ, allotted to this general caste. 1 st, G ^ '^ ^ 03 2y5Vr K" 05" n~ ^ ^ a\J, guarding or keeping cattle. 2nd, LD n" LJ Q LJ IT (T^ C\rf^ 1 (fsD, to exercise commerce. 3rd, 6r & ^ G^ /^ y? 0\D G ^ U_l a\5j following agricultural labour. % An account of the Pandarams will be found in the Abbe Dubois' Work, page 60. § Literally/, whom he had bought. 102 the merchant being in the bazar, he called a Pandaram* whom he met and said to him, ' Sir, I mean to distribute alms in my house to-day ;' and, as the other accepted the invitation, he added, 'I am busy in the bazar just now; do you yourself go to my house, give notice to my wife, and wait until I arrive/ The Pandaram went away blithely, and delivered the merchant's message to his wife. To this she, perceiving that he was one who had never been there before, replied, 'Very well; please. Sir, to remain here/ So saying, she spread a mat upon the bench of the house. She then immediately proceeded to sweep the court thoroughly, sprinkled it every where with cow dung, purified her feet and hands, and then with much solemnity took in her hands the beater-j^ for pound- ing rice. She then rubbed it all over with ashes, and * Les riches idolatres s'estiment heureux et croyent que leur maisons sont remplies des benedictions du ciel, lorsq'ils ont pour hotes quel- ques-uns de ces Faquirs, qu'ils honorent d'autant plus qu'ils font plus d'auteritez. Tavernier. Voyages, 1676, Paris, Partie 2nde, Ch. \i. t To deprive the rice of its husk, which is a domestic office assigned to the females of the family, a long pestle (2 — (y\D ^ ^2) 03)5 or rather staff, made of ebony or some other heavy wood, and shod with iron, is em- ployed. The rice called, when in the husk, Paddy (sij rf^ ^) » is collected into aheap upon a hardened floor, or sometimes in a hollow in the ground, and two women usually work together. They stand opposite to one another with the heap between them, and each receives and raises the instrument with the left hand, and then forces it down again violently with the 103 having smeared herself also, laid the rice-beater in the middle of the court, and prostrating herself three times before it, muttered some incantations. When she had pronounced these, she wiped the rice-beater again, and placed it where it had been before. The Pandaram, who had been watching all this, was greatly astonished, and said, 'I have now witnessed wonders which I never to this day beheld. Pray, Dame, what sort of poojei is this?' To this she replied, 'This is a kind of poojei peculiar to the deity of our caste.' She added, speakintr in a low tone, as if talking to herself, ' You will hereafter understand it well ; for, on your going to enter the house, right, giving it a slight inclination forwards, so that it may easily be caught by the left hand of the opposite party. As the rice becomes dispersed, it is pushed back into the centre with their left feet, causing a side movement ; whence results a constant though slow revolution around the heap. This work, as indeed every other kind in India, which is performed by more than one person, and admits of adaptation to musical measure, is accompanied by a song. From a consideration of the above custom, it seems to me not unlikely, that the operation referred to in the following passage of the Proverbs, ch. xxvii. £2, may have been that of clearing grain of the outer husk, and not that of pounding it into flour: "Though thou shouldcst bray a fool in a mortar, among wheat with a pestle, yet will not his fool- ishness depart from him." Which may mean, "Though you should endeavour to separate him from his follies, as you separate wheat from its husk, by pounding, you would not succeed." This explanation seems the more probable, from the frequent allusion throughout the Scriptures to grinding wheat in mills, which were undoubtedly of the same kind as the hand mills used in India. Vide Exod. xi. 5, Judges xvi. 21, Matt. xxiv. 41, Isa. xlvii. 2. 104 it will be completed* on your head/ Although she thus spoke, yet just as she intended, it caught the Pandaram's ear. *Have I not providentially escaped with my life,* thought he : so as soon as the merchant-woman had entered into the house, without making a noise, he effected his escape. No sooner was he gone, than the merchant came, * Where, hussey, is the Pandaram wb<5m I sent?' demanded he. She replied, * He is a pretty Pandaram — is he not? — whom you have sent this time. As soon as he arrived he asked me to give him the rice-beater; to which I replied, the merchant will be here immediately, I must not give it you without his permission ; stay a little. So saying, behold how I spread the mat for him ; but he, without listening to me, instantly broke away.' The merchant answered, ' Not so, hussey, whatever Pan- darams may ask, you have my consent to give them.' So saying, he took the rice-beater in his hand, and went out in the street to seek the Pandaram and give it him. The Pandaram, in order to see the end of the affair which was about to happen, remained crouched in an alley in the street, and when he spied the merchant coming with his rice-beater, ' See, see, he is coming to close the poojei upon my head,' thought he, and so he took to his heels. The merchant too, ran in pursuit of him, crying out, 'Pandaram, Pandaram,' while he encreased his speed * 2 (5Ur /VP 2/^y\3 Q>lDQ(y\^ (^^ ^ LLJ LD, it will be completed on your head. l{kzvTaai.Tai ti kuivov dofxoig, Something new will be com- pleted in your family. Eurip. lOo more and more ; till, in the end, the merchant unable to run any longer in consequence of being advanced in ao-e, and having a pot belly, returned to his own house. Such is rice-beater poojei, and destruction will no more come upon you, Sir, than will the Brahman's posteriors become heated, if I accomplish it upon his back/' Upon this the Gooroo Noodle laughed, and said, " It is with reason that they call you Asangadan (the mocker), for you arc always cracking your jokes." The other perceiving that the Gooroo laughed, left off banter and again took up the discourse. *' Sir, the words which the Brahman spoke are according to truth, indeed ; but it is necessary to understand the meaning of them rightly. True it is, that if a coldness be perceived in the pos- teriors, it is a sign of death; but it will be as he asserted, only when the rump grows cold without any extraneous cause. You fell into water and mire : if upon this your posteriors became cold, is it any great wonder? It would in that case be a wonder if they did not grow cold. Now, therefore, abandon this chagrin. For the future, if, without sitting down in mire, or falling into the water, or without any other extraneous cause, you perceive the Asanam sliltam, then you may infer that the fivana luisham is nigh at hand. Except in so far, all else. Sir, is nonsense.'' What Asangadan said, penetrated into the Gooroo's mind, and it appeared to him like reason; therefore, having brightened up a little, he arose, and began to eat, and to talk, and to go about from place to place. p 106 After but a very few days had in this manner passed^ one night, during his sleep, there fell incessantly a heavy shower of rain. In consequence of this, a dripping of water from the roof fell upon the Gooroo's bed, directly close to his posteriors; notwithstanding which, it was unknown to him from his being asleep. After the rain, and with it the dripping, had ceased, the Gooroo having rolled in his sleep, lay slumbering with his rump imme- diately upon the wet which had fallen. By the coldness thus produced, he suddenly awoke; and perceiving that his rump was exceedingly cold, he became convinced that now there was no extraneous cause whatever to produce the cold, and that the period of his death was arrived. The disciples, also, widiout perceiving any external origin for the coldness, supposed that even the cold- ness of the bed proceeded from the frigidity of the Gooroo's rump, and thought, therefore, that this was the time of the fulfilment of the Prophecy. The people of his caste, also, who came to visit him, as they were possessed of about as much sense as themselves, coincided in all that was said : while the Gooroo uttered no other answer to those who came, but, " Now, without failure, Asanam sltitam fivana nasham" Unable to sustain the en creased depression of spirits, and the diminution of bodily strength, which in this manner he suffered from day to day, he one day fell into a swoon. Upon this they all made lamentation; 107 and placing their hands upon their heads,* began to weep and to howl, crying out, "Alas! alas! he is deceased, he is dead \" And, after performing the ceremonies ap- pertaining to burial, they proceeded to bathe him. For this purpose, having filled brimful of water a large trough which was in the Mattam, they tossed the supposed corpse into it, and having pressed him down, a number of them with one accord began to rub and to wash him. When thus washed, he recovered from the swoon ; but being unable to draw breath in the water, and incapable of making any signs with his hands and feet, which they squeezed together, the Gooroo Noodle perished, through their stupidity, by the hands of these idiots. Upon this, a great multitude having assembled, they placed him in a sitting posture in a litter adorned with flowers, and raising him up, they crowded together before, behind, and at the sides. Whilst his disciples came and carried him along, chanting thus, Asanam shltam jivana nasham ; and, having placed him in the grave, they buried him. * This method of shewing affliction was customary among the Jews : thus, *' And Tamar put ashes on her head, and rent her garment of divers colours that was on her, and laid her hand on her head, and went on crying." 2 Sam. xiii. 19. See also Jerem. ii. 37. P 2 VOCABULARY. VOCABULARY. SL,', interj. expressive of admiration. One of the indicative letters (e? Lb G l=] Oi" 5" 3>)' being the contracted form of the demonstrative pro- noun, sLir^g-. Used in composition as alpha privatka. Anderson's Grammar, Part 1 of Section 60. SL|?4, interj, expressive of admiration. 2i| 05, interj. expressive of mystery. 2j ^ LJ LJ (p ^ A9 S/ — 1^3 (d i-=3 ddr — © (2 cru ot, t'. ?i. (co;//- pounded of s^es: ld, the interior, and lj (5^ e€^ ao ^, to . undergo), to be laid hold of, to be taken, to be found, to come into possession. A. G. Sect. 107. sy ^ (5^, sub. what is interior, the belly. 2L|G ^n-rTLD, sub. {^\x) horror, fierceness, fervency, vehemence of the wind — of a fever. sLi^e^c?^, sub. (3if3Tf:) fire, the god of fire; who is also the guardian of the S.E. quarter. 2ijrky^ov>nrLu^(^A9 ^ — lu 5" G S" obr — LLi lLi G i— ' obr^ V. n. to be straitened, to be in distress, to be afflicted, to shew great sorrow or compassion. 112 z^fTuQ^, adv. there, thither. 2L| e= /i^ w S" Lb, sub. (3{ privative, and 5^37*f ) falsity, de- rision, disdain, contempt. 2L| e= Ox/ ^ g- obr, sub. a mocker, a derider. 24 e= (5^ Lb, sw^. ( 31S[l«i ) food, nourishment, a meal. 2^ e: rr cr LX), written better , ^ gp nr cr ld, 5w6. ( Sn^flT) custom, fashion, politeness, urbanity. ^^a^^, sub. (3f^T) suspicion, envy. aj G e= ST OOT LD, sub. ( 3f privative, and ^frf^ ) irrationality, folly. 5i| 02) e= ^ A9 ^ — 22) 5= r^ G 5" (5br — 22) gp (2 c5\j c^tjr, v. n. to shake, to move, to stir ; Lat. labare. 24 22) ^ ^ ^ i^ S^' — 22) ^ 5" G 5" c5^Jr — 22) f^ lj (2 i_J (jbr, l^. a. to shake, to move, to jog; Lat. labefacere. 242A3grs"LDn-(5<3rLD, sub. ( 3r?rf : ) the setting of the heavenly bodies, especially the sun: the evening. 2Ll2A)5-g"L£?^^A9^ L£? g" G 5" OT L£5^ LJ G l-J O^T, V. 11. the sun to set. 2LJ «^ Br J written better, ^ rg ^, o J/, five ; marked thus, ^. 2j '^ Br ^ A9 ^ — ^ G cyor cibr — Br G cru c^br, t;. ?z. and a. to fear, governs a dative: as, G ^ ^ 6:i-S /Vp t=i) 2/t5^r G S" (Tlj ^ ^ e^ <^ e= n- ^, "• The church cat fears not the gods.'" A Proverb : corresponding with, " Famili- arity breeds contempt.''^ sLi «^ <^ rr LU LD, sub. (3f privative, and ?q"|^ ) injustice, imposition, wrong, impropriety. sL|L=:^^A9sy — ^^Gc5^abr — ^©Go^otrr, v. a. to cover up, to bury, to include, to conceal, to restrain. 113 sijLii rr, interj, of address to inferiors; more especially in expression of anger or contempt, fellow ! sirrah! 2L| L- ql, sub. a stroke, a blow ; ^f3^ i_q., five blows. A foot ; synonymous with 55- nr av) : thuSy 224 ' 9 i_t 6mP ^AO^, to prostrate one's self at the feet, to wor- ship any one. A footstep ; — with gt & ^ ^'' /sq s/» to watch footsteps; — with LJTi—p.^ e^/v? ^, to de- tect footsteps : thus, c5\j r^ ^ es" ovt gvt odt i 9 q lu (5^ ^ KT LJ G L—i rr, go and watch the footsteps of the robber who is come : the person j'eturning nays, 2L| I 9 02) LU LJ !_? I 9 5" (S 5" OT, I found out or traced his footsteps. A shoe: as, \ cv ^w n 9 , a sandal; the sole of a shoe: a.s, @r5 ^ ^Q>^(r^Cj L_) ^ G ^ S" ^ SAT^ LU L_Q. G I— I rr 'LQ. (^ ^ ^ ^, how many soles, or rather layers of sole, are there in these sandals? A foot measure: thus, ld ^ ep lu n- o^ ^ Sy ^ G ^ gr S" SAJ^n- LU 1 9 , how many feet (as mea- suring the length of a man's shadow, a common mode of ascertaining time in India) does it want of noon? A pace : thus, ^C^i^ n- Q.av)r3 n- ay) \_q. G I— I n- (g: (^^ abr G c5^ lu e? lu '_' -i -n- abr, he was taken before he had gone four paces hence: thus also, <^\ \ 9 PF7 FR \ n , frequently, passim. The foot of a tree, the trunk : thus, gt our ^ © ld cr ^ ^ 1 9 G Lj rr ^ UD, the trunk of the tree is sufficient for me; — the foot of a mountain: thus, 1 pg/m-)! in 9 i" 1 LU'La* a town at the foot of a mountain: ^- q. OYjrTiNOLb, also signifies the foot of a mountain. Synonymous with ^Q\^, under : thus, ud o" 5- ^ 1 9 iiS a 114 onS'qojgsGS'OT, I was under the tree. Synonymous with ^ 1 , near : thus, 6r c5br crxs © (2 ^ n- cyxs* ov) i q. ll? (OJ fs" © SJ> rny house is near the temple ; hence 5yL_^e=Gf^^> a suburb, z. e. a village near a city. Synonymous with ^g^, the beginning: thus, ajL—p-LL? G(7V)^cS)5"2^Lus"sy (yuj E5" @", commence the story at the beginning ; hence «li L_gL ^^^a^iz:, sigtiifies the first shop in a market. A foundation : thus, sli i 9 G LU rr G L:n (^xS" (5^ c^xs O" /^ 5" sy, the house hath fallen from its foundation. The floor of a room : thus, ^ L^Q. uSQa\DLD 6m- L-Q. ^ ^ Ln ^ (g LD, thcrc will be dirt on the floor; — sometimes the dirt itself: thus, SLI L_Q. (^ L3 ^ ^ Li (B^ LD, suffer the dirt to remain. The base of a vase : thus, Ljrr^^rj-^^^^ ^_^ QLurT6iia\-irr ^, the base does not suit the vase. A base thing: thus, «li '—q. e= bp o" ^ ^, base goods. A line of a stanza : thus, @f5S"LJLjrrLb(5^^G95'5" S-2/37TrLuLQ.Li-j(5OTr (5^, how many lines are there in this stanza.'^ An interjection of familiar address to females; used especially by a husband to his wife, by a father to his daughter, by a son to his mother, and by women to each other ; considered indecorous, however, as coming from an indifferent person. 24 i_^ ^ ^ A9 ^ — L-Q. S" G 5" abr — l-jq, lj G L-J ot, v. a. to strike ; used inetaphorically with ld (5^) L_p, rain, to rain; — with unr^/vy, wind, to blow; — with ^mi^^, evidence, to cite a witness. To slay (not with a sword but) with a club : thus, ^ lj S2) La lu l_q. s" g- rr (5br, he slew the goat. In this sense the compound 115 verb «L| L-^ grsyLljGLj/T(5^^A9^ is often used. 5IJ i__gL gr ^ EF C ^ '^ C3VT o$v^ ^ /v? ^, to beat one's self; also to wrangle with another; in which latter sense it governs an ablative in .^ ^ : thus, <5r c^br G .53) G i-^ lu L_Q. ^ SJ^Quy T ovT cvT rr G S"> clo Rot wranglc with nie. 22Lj I , Q s" sv cJ^^ O" ^ A9 sy> to cast one's self on the ground through excess of grief. SI] L_^ LU L_J (5^ ^ /V? ^ LJ Li3 G L3 c5br — S' G (TU 6br, V. p. to be beaten. SL|(!?5' S"n-LjGi— J^G c^_^ 'insect adverbially : camp, of aj (F* S" S" ^ cyv), conjunct, form from siiS^^e^/v?^, to be near, and G lj rr G c^? 5'- ^- near, as if touching. A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 100. 2L|(5^ljmj sub. an oblong hole in the ground to contain a fire for culinary purposes, a stove, an oven, a forge. siJ[<2^Ln^ ^ SJ — 52) L3 r5 G S" otJT — 02) L:^ G (Ti-J cjtJT, V. a. and n. to obtain, to get; to resort to; to be enclosed. SIj 52) Ln EF ^ A9 S^ — 52) Lj 5" G S" O^ — 52) Ln lLj G I— 'OT , t^. a. to close, to stop up, to shut in, to lock up. SL|52)i-=i^05rr^^/v:) gy — u^ 'T g" G ^ (5br — ef rr lLj G L_i (5t5r, t;. a. to sit on (eggs), to hatch. sij 52> Lj Lu n- OVT- LD, s;/6. a mark, a sign; metaph. a proof aj (5rTa); ^ /v:) ^ — t^ G (5^ d^ — © G cy^ (^tjr, i". 7?. to draw near, to approach. 2LI 2Ar?R5r ST ^ A9 ^ — 2Am75r ^ G ^ (5br — sarrtt l- G i— ' (5br, v. a. to unite, to embrace ; to quench, to extinguish. !!L|6^(p^A9^ — 1 (? G g^ g^ — S" G o"\j otjT, 1'.??. to ap- proach. 2ii6TOr52)Lj, sub. vicinity, proximity; adj. near. a 2 116 24^i!=i&^ AO ^ — 'LO- G <^^ <^ — '^ (P G a\-i abr, t;. a. to reprimand, lo rebuke, to hoot at. aj^^LD, «^'. (3ffv^) more, larger, very large; used aclverhially, more. A. G. Part 5 of Sect. 151. ^^^LD^-^Lorr u^, adv. more and more. 24 g^ ^ n- /T obr, sz<6. ( 3ff^c^j<^: ) one in office, in autho- rity or power. 2^ ^ 07 rr ^j- LD, siih. (derived as the preceding) an office or duty. 2j g^ ^ rr ov) LO, suh. ( 3rirr and c^J^: ) the early morning; used adverbially with the emphatic affix er, signijies, betimes, in the early morning. 24^Gf5=LULb, sub. (3rfrrS[R[:) a wonder, a miracle, admiration. ?^^^^ Ao gy — rf- r£,Q^ OT — ^ Q a\_j ^, V. 11. to trem- ble, to quake, to start up. ^^&^^, written vulgarly, «i| g-zj- g= sP, sub. ( 3r^t% ) a tremor, a quivering, a shock or concussion. 24 ^a\?, /ocgZ ablative of the pronoun 2j^y, sometimes signifies, in the mean time. 24 ^, rem. demons, pron. n. it, that thing. A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 59- 24 5-S"LD, sub. (3{^*) the middle, the half. 245-srcrrrgrg^rP, siih. ( 3[^1J^: ) midnight. 24 g- g- SAHTT, a^'. so many; ia^. tot, quot, tantum, quan- tum ; sometimes it has the force of adeo : as, r^iu^ g- s/OTT" LD d2> i-=i uu G c55), adeone stupidus es .^ 24 ©• S" ^ Li3 ^, sw^». ( 3^.5^^: ) evidence, proof by example. 117 suL-j^o-gr^, sub. {:S{Tj(^\f^:, from "zm and qftf^: ) disgrace, infamy. 51J LJS-g-LD, sub. (3f^^*, from 3r ^icg- and ^) vanity, falsehood; adj, vain, false. 2ij ^2) L_! -u-j LD, spe/^ f//6-o, 2ij i_i LU LD, 24 (22) ovj Lu LD and ajOYjLULD, sub. a shout, a cry — usually of suppli- cation for mercy or protection. 2L| Lj i_j L^ rr or 21,' Lj L_i Lr:, intcvj. of admiration, of affliction. 24LJLjn- or 2L|LJL_'5 vocative case o/' 24 lj lj c5br, used as an interj. of admiration ; also as an expression of good will in addressing one of inferior rank, but advanced age. 24 LJ LJ (5br, sub. a father. 24 LU i_J rr ov), properlij a sub. camp, of aj for au rg S", that, and LJ rr g\d, a part ; generally used with the emphatic affi.r 6r, as an adv. signifi/ing, apart, beyond, further, furthermore. A. G. Parts 1 and 2 of Sect. lo4. 24 LJ L_i A9 LD, properly a sub. comp. of 24 for 2j fr g-, that, and i_4A9LD, a part; generally used as an adv. signifying, on the further side, then, further, moreover. This word is perhaps derived from the Sa7iscrit 3fCf^ opposite. A. G. Sect. lo4. 24 LD 5" ^ ^ A9 m^9 more correctly, 24 lo O" g" ^ ^ ao ^ — 'f-^ ^Q<5^ (5br — rf- gr ^ G o\J ot^r, v. a. to appease, to allay, to assuage; to prepare ; to seat ; to find. 2jLDQC5^/Y}^ — d^/3G5"(5br — (r^GcJvjobr, v. n. to settle, to subside, to grow still or quiet, to be suppressed ; to agree; Lat. convenire; to be found or obtained. 118 aj ^^ ^ s?" A9 SV) sync, for 24 0'^(^^^S/ — ^^ G (5^ (5br — ^ © G o^ c5t7r, v. a. to press down, to squeeze, to crush, to crowd together^ to immerse; metaph. to oppress. 2ii(^O^rDSy^A9^y, more correctly , ^uS^C^r^^^Ao^ — ^Q>(5^ <5br — ^ G a^ c5br, o. 7i. to sink, to go to the bottom, to be drowned. 2L| LD LD LD n-, Written also, 24 ld ld ld LD n-, interj. of ad- miration. 2Lj LD LD n- ovT, suh. a mother ; o7so a honorific affix to proper names of women, as ld rr* lu ld ld n- a^rv ; used in the vocative as a respectful title of address to any matron. aj LD LD n- g- ^ o" LD> SW&. co7?2p. of 24 /o/' 24 r^ g", and LD n- gr g^ o" LD, quantity ; ( J{T^ ) so much, so much and no more; Lat, tantum, quantum: declined through all cases. A. G. Parts 1 and 2 of Sect. 151. fij UU LD, 5ee ^ LU LD. 2j rp (5\j /T oVt, sz/6. a sickle, a large cutting instrument of any kind. 24 015©, suh. the edge of any thing, the hem or bor- der of a cloth; vicinage, proximity of dwelKng; in the last sense it is used either in the local ablative or in the nominative, with the emphatic affix ST. 24 03 LD L_j> 5^^- ^ bud. fi\Q^rr, sub. the middle, the waist; g J;, half. 24 ov) Lb (S^ ^ i^ SJ — I. ■ 9' G o^ o^ — ^ Q (Tu obr, V. a. to im- portune, to entreat earnestly, to tease. 119 24 a>o AQ/ ^ Ao mJ — ^^ G (5^ o^ — /^ G (Tlj abr, v. w. to cry, to weep aloud, to bewail. 24 c^O/ o\j ov)j sub. business, occupation. 242/av), s?/Z>. a wave, a billow, a ripple. 24 ^/u>D ^ /V5 gy — 2/w rg G 5" (5br — s/tro Q cru a^, v. n. to un- dulate, to fluctuate, to be unsteady or wavering. 24 av) ov) n- LD 0^5, negat. vineiyech. from the defect, verb, % sync, for 24 av)av) G c5\j rr, the defect, t;. 24 ovi av), with the affix e^; is it not so? no.'* Lat. nonne? yes! yes ! A. G. Part 4 of Sect. 142 and Note. 24 (Tu e^-rr e= LD, snh. ( sij q q^ jgj ) ability, means, possi- bility, leisure. 24a\_j^crLD, sub. i^^m^i) necessity, opportunity, haste arising from necessity ; a good action ; an important service. 24 C5XJ eP Lu LO, sub. (C3fcf^5^) infallibility, certainty, ab- solute necessity ; adj. true, certain, infallible. 24 (ju^, sub. (3{^fir:) 'I boundary, a term, the fixed period of life; a strait or difficulty ; Lat. angustia. 24a\jovT, rem. pron. demons, f. she, that woman. A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 59. 24 c5\jc5tn", rem. pron. demons, m. he, that man. A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 59. 24 cTu otJT oxj c5br, a reduplication of the pron. 24 (5\j (5br ; each one, every one ; Lat. unusquisque. 2j cnJS O" ^ ^ S/ — ^ C5 G S" (5br — up G cTu ot, ». /?. to be loose, to become untied, to be detached. 120 2j 6:iS LA ^ ^ A9 ^ — LP s" G S" atJT — LP LL G LJ (5br, t;. a. to untie, to loosen. SL| 22) o^u Lu LD, see slj 02) lj lu ld. aj Lp Lb, see ^ LP ld. aj LP c^2/ ^ ^ SJ — y^ otJT G A9 obr — Lp c^j/ G c5\J obr, v. n. to be hot, to burn, whether naturally, or metaphorically, as with anger. snu^/vy/vy^/v) ^ — /!b A^ G C5^ abr — ^z^ ^io/ G cyu obr, ?:?. «. to set fire to, to burn. SL| O' ^ AC> S^ — O" G S" obr — O" G 22) /v) (2 cyu c5br, c. a. to slap (the cheek), to smite, to beat home (a nail). 2L| i^ Bt= 2/tmr or 224 ^ ^ s/tyTTT, S!/6. ( 3f^^ ) worship, adoration, consecration. 24 i^ S- LD, sub. ( 3{51"; ) signification (of a word or sentence) ; midnight ; wealth. 2L|4pl_4 5" ld» 5'^^- (3{t7^) a wonder, a miracle, admiration. ^6D^^6D^dh-G^, sub, comp. of 214 4? $22) a9, adj. from ?^(j(JTjyy, then, that day, and stl.onS, hire; daily hire or wages. 214 6^LS ^ ^ mJ — <5^^ r5Q>^ (5br — 6^l£ Q, a^_) (5br, v. n. to go out, to be extinguished. 2Li22y2Ji;i La rroDTLD, suh. (3rgfS(7«T) ceremonies, sacrifices and pious exercises, chiejlij those of the Brahmajis. 24 ^gy ^c^LD, adv. ( 3fg and f^?j" ) daily, every day ; generally used with the affix 2 lo. 224 225/ 1— ' <^>^^ e^ e^ A9 s>— (5:i-5 s" G S" i5br — <5x?lL' G i-Jobr, v. a. (3pT>^) to experience, whether joy or sorrow. 214 ^^ LU M ^ ^ SV — i-? G OTJT obr — M G o^ o^i ^' CI' to send , especially a person. 224 G <5nr ^ LD, sub. ( 3r«T^) numerousness, abundance; adj, many, numerous, long as applied to time. 2L|c5brL_4, sub. affection, love. 224c5br/v:P, vineiyech. of the def v» 2240^5(7^, besides, syno- R 122 nymous zdth a] a\3(5vi n- (S S"* @ 5" (5br /vp Q uu. It governs a nom. or ace. case (A. G. Part 3 of Sect. 102), and used in the commencement of a sentence with the emphatic affix sTy it signifies moreover. 2^ (5br AQ/, sub. that day, on that day, then; sli obr ^vy G S" n- Li (5^, from that day forwards. 5y(5br AQ/, ^rd pers. sing, pres.from the root 3l\&^; it is not, no; implying particular negation. A. G. Sect. 80. !^ 24, interj. ( 317 ^ ) expressive of grief or compassion — of admiration — of consent. ^ f^ /v) ^ — ^ G (5^ <5tjr — ^ Q> (5^-J (5br, swZ>. v. to be, to be- come; to be of service to; to prosper; to be com- pleted ; to become celebrated. A. G. Sect. 104. ^ 0v> c^^ LX), conj. 7nood, from ^^ ao ^, q. v» with the. affix 2 ld; although, nevertheless, either, or, at least. A. G. Part 5 of Sect. 104. ^U3^Gu>rr GvT GvT", comp. of the infn. ^u; of the verb ^'^ £D ^t and the infin, G^^ovtovt of Q^rra^rr cs^rgeg^AQ^, used conjunctively 'y because, this being so. A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 98. ^ ^ ^ /v? ^ — ^ G c5^ d^ — © G (Tu c5tjr, ». a. sj/«c. for ^^(gj^/v?^; to make; to dress victuals (faire /a cuisine). A. G. Sect. 104. ^ ^ © LD, 3rJ |?er5. n. fut. from ^^^ aq ^, q. v. used as a particle which, affixed to the last word of a sentence, implies a doubt, as r^rr a.'ovr ^ © (tu (^ a\_) rr.55) ^ © Lb, he will perhaps come to-morrow ; but, affixed to a word in the middle of a sentence, implies certainty, as @ 5" n- ^ @ LD M 6m- OTTTp oj LD, tliis is certainly virtue. A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 104. 24,e=c5DrLD, sub. (3{T^^) the rump, a seat, a throne, the seat or skin on which devotees sit : as, ^ «^ '^ n- g: (y^ LD, the seat of lion's skin; ens llj n- ^ ^ /r rr e=(5WLD, the seat of tiger's skin; ^jVPzIq^^^gutld, the seat of deer's skin. ?i 9= G c55) 2ii2 <53Tn- LD, comp. sub. ( 3n^ ^^^ 3^ ) heat of the rump. ^9=rr rr LD, sub. ( Sl"!^'^: ) urbanity, politeness, good manners, usage. ^■^d^(Tug^^^A9 ^ — ^ S" G 5" OT — ^ LD G L_i obr, l'. <7. (^rrfsj^) to bless, to bestow a blessing on. ^(22)^j sub. ("sil jltll ) eagerness, desire, hope. ?4,F=e=n- or !2j,e=e=rrLDa~LD, sw^. a kind of tree re- sembling ebony : (Diospyros Ebenaster, Kfrnig.). ■^ e= 0= rp Lu LD, sub. (3[T^5T0 surprise, admiration, a wonder, a miracle. ^ (5^, 52/Z>. a sheep, a goat; the latter is usually distinguished «s GfTi-JoVTGVTrr (p, or the white sheep, though the propriety of this name is not shewn by the actual want of colour which it implies. ^ (5^ ^ /v) ^ — L_Q. G c5^ c3br — (5^ G ovJ (5br, v. n. to dance, to balance one's self, to vacillate, to have play as an elastic pole moved by the wind, to gesticulate ; with such words as signify water, to bathe. ^'1 LD, t'Crbal sub. dancing, movement in general, the motion of any thing which plays or vibrates ; nsed 124 adverbially i with the injin. ^ ^, it signifies after the manner of: as, G ovj acP lu c^5) i ld n- ar lj G i— i 0r ^.^Lu, you talk like a drunken man, ^gcfor, suh. a male, whether applied to man or other animals. ^ (Scfer Ln avj (5br, deriv. sub. from ^a^£3^^SJi to govern; a ruler; commonly, the Lord. ^i—igr^, sub. (3fT'Tf^:) calamity, affliction, danger. ig^LDtSOTT^©, sub. the castor oil shrub; (Ricinus com- munis). ^ LD, 5^/?c. for ^ (g LD, 3r6? pers. w. fnt. from ^ ^ A9^, 5'. t^. W5ec? as a particle of particular affir- mation; yes, it is, it may be. A. G. Part 3 of Sect. 104. ^uu^^n-crobr, deriv. sub. from ^luld, q^v. and ^rr/rabr ( ^TT» ) '' ^^ agent or doer, a tax or toll-gatherer. ^LULO, sub. (3fT5(:) atoll, a road tax. ^ llS" s" 5r Li), s?^^. preparation. ^ rr rr 1 ld or ^c^M LD, S2/^. restlessness, the delirium of a sick person ; contention, wrangling. :gia\5or ^oviLDTLD, sub. the Banian tree: (Ficus Indica), " Les Francs Y appellent V arbre des Banianes, parce qu* aux lieux ou' il y a de ces arbres, les Idola — - tres vont se mettre dessous et y faire leur cuisine/' Tavernier. 2de Partie, livre 3me. Paris, 1676. ^ G ;7V) rr g: 2/t575r, sub. (3{T^^*T) deliberation, counsel, consideration. ^GxjosD, sub. desire, appetency. n5 ^U^LD, sub, depth, profundity. ^^a\jS^, deriv. sub, the sixth thing; also an ordinal adv. sixthly. A. G. Part 4 of Sect. 137. ^ A^/, sub. a river. ^/vy, num. six; marked thus, evr. ^ /V3/ ^ A9 ^ — A^ G (5^ (5br — A^/ (2 (Tu (5br, o. n. to grow soft, to be molhfied, to console one's self, to take comfort. 54, /vj/ g- a>o, verbal sub. from ^ aq/ ^ /V) ^, P'o;?. this thing. A. G. Part 5 of Sect. 117. @S/> ^'- prox. demons, pr on. this (thing). A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 59. @Q^ rr, comp. of @ s^, q. v, and the particle ^, (A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 142) interj. behold ! interrog. is it this ? @ gr g- 2/tT75r, , adj. comp. of @ for @r5^ and ^sfsrsr, a measure ; so much, thus much, this quantity. @ 5" 5" obr 02) LD, sub, comp, of @ for @ rg S", (ind g- obr (22) LD, manner; so, thus, in this manner; generally used ^26 adverbially, with the infin. ^ ^, or the eirtphatic affix, 6r. @ CB 5", prox. pron. adj. this. A. G. Sect. 60. @ LJ i—i i—g* , sub. comp. of @ for @ O) g-, and l-' l_q., a measure; so, in this manner; used as an adv. A. G. Part 4 of Sect. 153. @ lLj LJ L_p. u>Q>By rr ^^, used adjectively, comp. of (^Cj[_j l-jql ^ ©, «wc? Q, g- ^ from the defect, v. (35 ^ © ld, it is equal; Hke this, suchlike; ia/. hujusmodi. A. G. Sect. 77. @ lIj L-j l_j5l LJ LJ M , used adjectively, comp. of @Cj\_j l_ql, q, V. and lj m /row lj (p ^ /v? ^, to undergo ; such. A. G. Sect. 107. @ Lli G LJ rr ^ ^y, 52^^. ttserf adverbially, comp. of @ jfor @ G5 S"? owf^ G LJ ^ ff S/j time ; now, the present time. A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 152. @ lLi C i_j n-, (7f/u. co»?^. of @ /or @ ,-5 ^, G7i6Z G LJ rr j3W^ % apocope for G lj n- QT ^7* 5'' ^- now, at present. A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 152. @ ill G LJ n- ^, sw6. t/5ec? adverbially, comp. of @for @ r^ g-, and Q LJ IT ^ for QLjn-f^^; now ; used also in the dative, @LjGL-jn-$22)^^©, with the same force. A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 152. @rrn{j ^ AQ gy — ^ Q oot ^br — © G o^J (5br, v. n. used with such words as signify the mind, to be moved with pity, to feel compassion, to be tender-hearted. @ rr 6TOr ©> num, two : marked thus, 2. . @ T g- 5- LD, sub. ( "^^ ) blood- © T" (51^, sm6. the night. 127 @0-rrgrg^rf^, ^uh. (?^f^:) night. @rr rr iDiT aq/ or o" rr ld n- aq/, adv. comp. of t rr, night, and Lon-Aj/, implying succession rf time, being the root of Lorr AQ/^ /v) ^, to be changed; during the night, every night, all night. The root Lorr/vy, is also added to i_j 0? cjv), the day, e> rr cjv) ld, the morning, and f^rj,-^, the afternoon, with the sen^e of every: as, es-nr ov) ld n- aq/, every morning. @(5G?» odj. two; u^ed only in composition. @ qOJ ^ f^ A9 ^ — K!3 rs G 5" C5br — ^ lj a\J c5br, f . t?. to be dark. @<2^T, sub. food, prey, bait to catch animals or fish. @^2)T^^ AO m^ — OS) o- 5- G S" <3^ — as> /t- lj G lj obr, x^. ?/. to make a roaring, rumbling or murmuring noise ; to breathe with difficulty, to wheeze. @ o\D cTi-J 9= LD or iS'y^ ^5:^-? B= LD, sz/6. 1/5^6? adverbially with ?i sr or ^ Lu ; gratis. @ 2/o\D, 5Zf 6. a leaf. @ ONj C5\5 rr -J obr, 'jy. w. cowp. of @ ayovr lLi l_i, fatigue, and ^ /vy ^ v) ^, g^. v. to repose, to rest after fatigue, to be refreshed. @ 2/trvT ^ ^ /V) ^ — ^2)^5vr s" G 5" <5br — a/svr o G i-J (5br, 1;^. w. offe/i wsecZ comp, with G i— 1 ^ ^ S/ i to grow thin ; to be wearied. @2MTLJL_i> 5w6. fatigue, weariness, faintness. @ A9 ^ 0?* AT) ^ — A9 ^ ^ G c5^ (5^ — A9 es" © G cyu stjr, t^. a. s?/wc. for @/yp^@^/Y}^; to cause to descend, to lift off, to lay down, to unload, to disembark. @ A9 /1^ 05^ A9 ^ — A9 ^ ^ G (5^ (5^ — A9 /1v © G (^lJ cjbr, t?. w. to descend, to alight, to disembark, to take up quarters ; to drip down. @ Acy ^ (g o^-j n- ^, mh. comp. of @ aq/ ^ (g ld, what may be tied tight, and (5\jrr r^, 3. thong ; a girth. @(5^, adv. hereafter, for the future, henceforward. @ (5^ Q(y\Drr u^LVi sub. comp. of @ (5uP, q. v. and Q^ys^rr ^ LD, the world ; the future world. @(5<3Pl1jlj, s?f&. sweetness. @ obr LJ LD, smZ>. pleasure, delight ; more especially of a sensual kind. @abr/vp, vineiyech. from the defect, v. @av)S/mD; without. A. G. Part 3 of Sect. 102. @ obr /vj/, swfe. this day, on this day, now. 129 ©(^brcyoTLO, adv, yet, still, more; Fr. encore. @ obr c55) (5br, deriv. sub. from the pron. adj. @(5br(3^; such an one ; Lat. talis. /5T5d"r5^CC5^f^A9 S/> ^' ^^' ^^'^ vineiyech. from /^^^ A9 ^, t^TzVA the auxiliary v. to be moist ; Lat. madeo. ^^TLDy sub. moisture, humidity. -CFOOTLD, sub. diminution, defect, lack; ignominy, vile- ness; objection. 2>_ e= GP rf^ ^ Fg^ A9 sy — 1^ 5" G S" (5br — rf^ lj C lj ot, t^. fl. ( 3^?3 ) to utter, to pronounce, to say. 2 0=^, 5w6. (3^) the summit of any thing, the zenith. 2L_^^LD5-^Lun-c5urLD, sub. ( :5^ and 5^5^^: ) liigh noon. 2 Ln LO M, sw^. the body ; sometimes the trunk only. 2 Lnov), s?/&. the body of a man ; the external bod}', as opposed to (^L=i oVt), the entrails. 2 LriOT, s?/6. generally used adverbially with the emphatic affix er ; immediately, quickly. For the use of this word as an affix, see A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 149. 2 (5^ LJ M, sub. clothes, clothing. 2 $22) La ^ /vp ^ — 22) La (5 (2 S obr — $22) l-=i G G\J (5br, t'. 72. to break, crack or fall to pieces; to be ruptured. 2 Lj e= C52) LD Lu LD, sub. comp. of 2 oVr, within, 07?J e= 02) LD Lu LD, a sect ; ( 5Ef 5^5^: ) a certain sect. " Secte interieure, c'est a dire qui place dans le corps humain les lettres misterieuses rg, ld, ^, ovj, lu. Ces sectes sont six : cy\j nr ld ld ou oyj n- /vp ld ld, 02) ^ s 130 cru LD, LJ nr Br ovj S" LO, ID 6^ rr (5:is rr ^ LP, ^G>frrr (^^ ^ LD ou m rr o\rr (^^ ej LD ou e> nr ovr rr (C^ ^ ld 2 6m- (b^, 1^. defect and impers. there is, it is ; it is true ; Lat. est pro habeo. A. G. Sect. 81, and Part 3 of Sect 104. 2 (STOT (5^ L—i 6OTr OTsy ^ A9 ^, 1'. a. comp. of 2 (SiJor ©>, g'. v. and LJ 6OTr c5TO)7 ^ a9 gy, to make ; to create; to feign. ^ fill ^ A9 ^ — 5" A0 gy, or more properly, 2 ^ /vy lj lj n- ^ E^ ^ A9 ^ — & S" G S" otJT — & LJ G LJ (5br, t'. a. comp. of the vineii/ech. 2_^ /nq/, which seems to impli/, perfection or completeness, when added to certain verbs, and LJ rr rj-^^ /y^ gy, to scc ; to stare at, to regard stedfastly. 2_i_j^rra-LD, sub. (^^M^kO civility, favour, benefit 131 Ljn-LULD, sub. {:S^]^:) a stratagem, an artifice, an expedient, a means of success against an enemy. LUi_i> sub, salt. UP, sub. the husk of rice or other grain, coarse bran. 2 LD, oblique case plur. of the prim. pron. r^tu, your; fre- quently used honorifically for the singular. A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 67- For the use of 2_ld as an inseparable affix, see A. G. Sect. 140. 2 LU T LJD, written also, 2 \±j & 6i\ and 2 ^ rr ld, sub, height, elevation. 2_LL?/T, sub. life, the soul ; a vowel. 2 QC^ Lj © ^ /y? gy or 2 a^/ ij (i? f^ A9 ^ — i_£p, Q (5^ obr — (S'Q><3^ to roll, to trundle; Xaf. volvere. 2__ dj a^/3 ^ A9 S/ — CC5 <5cfer G I-3 d^ — ^ <3>£5 G (Tu abr, v, n, to lean upon a stick for support ; v. a. to dig holes in the earth for setting plants or sowing seeds. crn^'i^LD, adv. comp, of errkj^, where, and the affix 2 LD ; every where. CT"0=e=rf^^a2)55-, sub. care, caution, circumspection; used in exclamation by way of warning. sr(^^^ Ao mJ — © 5" G 5" obr — (5» lu G i-J c5br, v. a. to take, to carry or bear, to bring forward, to raise ; to assume. sr 6^ <2^^ ^ tD sy — <5nBf G cJOT (5br — ^22i^ G cyu C5br, t^. 7t. to reckon, to estimate, to esteem, to think, to imagine ; to honour, to respect. 133 6r 6mn" <5mjf ^a^m, sub. number, estimation ; honour. This word resembles the Latin word ratio, in its twofold meaning of number and respect. 6r^&^^ AO SJ — ^ 5" G 5" (5br — 't* lj G lj cjbr, v. a. to oppose, to resist, to advance against. ffrgy, mterrog. pron. what thing? A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 59. 5r 5" s" sj^f^sr, adj. comp. of sr for 6r 13 ^, and g- s/rnrr, a measure ; how many, how much ; Fr. combien. 5r LU LJ ' 9 Lu n- ^ Q^ LD, o when, and 2 Lb; always. A. G. Part 4 of Sect. 140. 6r rf^ w 03 LD L_i» *"^- comp. of 6rrt^for 6r rf^* llj ld, burning, and&y ^ rr LJ LD, sub. comp. of 6r rf for cr rP llj ld, burning, and G e^ n- lj ld, wrath, (^tT:r:); a great passion, a fiery rage. 6ro\5av>/T LD, swi. and adj. all. A. G. Note to Page 29. ^toVjcto/tcv:^ LD5 sub. comp. of 6ro^(yy)rr rj-^ all, afid 2 ld; all, masc. Lat. omnes. A. G. Note to Page 29. (5r(yuc5br, interrog. pron. who? A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 59. 5r Cdj (5\J (TO 5L|, aC?t'. C0//2/?. of 5r ^Or 6r r^ 5-, G7ZC? SLJ GVT sii, a measure ; how much ? Fr. combien. A. G. Part 3 of Sect. 151. <5rO? ^ A9 s/ — O^ rsQ^ abr — (^ G a\J abr, v. n. to rise, to get up. 134 (5r O" 1—' ^5 ^dj- seventy ; marked iJms, 5r lu. 6rc3v-f^S/> ^dj. docile, facile, easy. 6r/vp^/:omJ — M^rsQ^obr — /vp (2 (5\j otJT, V. a. to throw at, to pelt. CT" A^ ^ ^ /v? ^ — M^ 5" G 5" OT — AcP LJ G I— I abr, i?. n. to burn, to shine with heat. cr (5br ^ A9 ^ — ^ otJT G A9 (jbr — (sr obr G lj (5br, i?. w. to say, to be named, to be called. A. G. Sect. 103. 5r (5br A9 02) S" LJ LJ ^/yp^ comp, of the verbal erobr aq ^, gwc? 1—1 4:? /vp, v'meiyech. from i^do^nf^ tDW\ literally, hav- ing considered what is said, in consideration of which. 5r (5br /vp c[5 ^ B?^ A9 s^, t^. n. comp. of srdbr aq/, <7. v. and @q:?^^ A9 ^, 5'. V. to think, to be thinking of; to be about to do ; to be for or on the part of (srobr/vj/, v'meiyech. from 6r d^^ aq^ ; having said ; /rc- quently used as a conjunction, that. A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 103. (5rabr(5^, pron.adj. also used adverbially , what? it admits of declension. A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 60, and Part 2 of Sect 62. er mJi sub. (^rT:) a cause, an origin. er s/j (^dv. what ! why ! er g- s^ ^ Ao ^, see er^^yy^ ^ ^. ST rg gy ^ A9 ^ — r5 ^ Q o^T abr — r^ gy G a\-» (5br, t^. a. to lift up in the arms, to carry in the hands. CTiLi^^ Ao sy — LU S" G 5" (5br — LU LJ G Lj (5br, to cheat, to deceive, to impose upon. 6rrf^, sub. a large artificial lake for irrigation. 135 6r sM ^ /v? ^ — ens G a^ a^ — 6i\ Q (Tu obr, v. a. to order ; to spur on, to incite. 6ra2)i=^» ^dj. poor, not rich. 6r rnJ^ /^ mj — /^ (S num. five ; marked thus, (^. ^LDLJ^, num. fifty; marked thus, (^lu. ^Luabr, sub. spelt also, 5L| lu oj obr, a father, a Brahman, a venerable old man. Used frequently in the voc. in addressing a superior. <^uS.S^i-,suh. a certain Hindoo deity; called also ^rf^^rr^. ^{2)LuGLun-, interj. of compassion or of grief, alas! ^ a\j &, deriv. sub. five persons. 63 ^ ^ /\9 ^ — S" G S" (5br — uj (2 Lj obr, f. ??. to be like, to agree with, to be conformable with. 63 Lb ©^ ^ /v? S/ — L_9-G<5^c5br — S^Goyjot, to stick toge- ther, to unite. 63 6^57 C5TO); ^ /v;) ^, Twore correctly, 63 obr aq/ ^ aq ^, i;. w. to be fitting, to agree, to be in union ; Lat. convenio. 65 6OTr ^2> ^i more correctly, 63 ot ^ ^, neg. v. 3rd pers. n. from 6h it is not suitable ; it is not permitted, it must not be. 6}jW^^^ ^ — synv^Gc5<3rat5r — ^ n=t/ ^ G o^-J c5br, v.ii. to retire, to crouch for concealment, to hide one's self; Lat. ad secessum ire. 136 <55 5"5"j pcisf pari, from def, v. <55f^SLD, equal to, like, suitable, having relation to. A. G. Sect. 77- <^ 5" ^ ^ G ^ /T ^rr 6$£5 ^ ^ ^, v. n, to consent, to agree ; to allow or grant ; to engage ; to relate to ; Jr. avoir du rapport. A. G. Sect. 77. Q lLi L_j o~ clU, sub, union, concord; evenness. (^ (T^, num. one ; marked thus, u;. (5SOLjnrH LDnruj, adv. from 6h q:j> one, lj rr m ld, a shower (ondee de pluie), and ^Cu from ^^/^gy, in a shower. Gb 03^ L£5^ ^ ^, mfin.from sb^'isS'^^j^^', used adverbially, together, at once. A. G. Part 4 of Sect. 100. 65 fidj G o\-i ^ d^ ^^9 pron. sub. from 63 d^/^, repeated, as ^^^ iji Sans, each, one by one. er^ y? ^ ^ ^ — L-^ 15 G S" (5t3r — y? Q a\j obr, v. n. to cease,. to pass away as time ; to be excepted ; to die. ^ y? Lu, infill, from 6^1=^^ ^ SJ '» ^^sed as a conjunction, except, unless. A. G. Part 3 of Sect. 100. 63 0^^©, sub. a leak in the roof of a house, a dripping of water. dsO'n^©, sub. order, regularity. 630'nv(^Lj L3, comp. of djO"^©* ^^^ i— JLn, infin. of i_j (S^ ^ i\9 s^j to undergo ; used adverbially, in or ac- cording to order, regularly. 6b a\rf^ u^^/v) ^ — QsTf 5" G S" g^ — ovi^^ lIj G i-J ot, v. a. to hide, to conceal. 53^02)^5 adj. single; generally implies one of a pair, where the other is wanting : as, ej /V) (52) ^ es" es- n- ^, a single ear. 63(5tjr/v^, sub. one. 137 1-3 OT, sub. a debt. Gy L_J9. Ui^AQ ^ L_i?. 5" G S" OtJT L_Q. LJ G LJ Obr, V. 0. tO bite. ^ L_j?. gy, sm6. that which is hard, cruel. w L 9 (Tu rr C3VT LO, written aho, ^ (f^ cru rr asrr Co, sub. a bridle. 138 0^(3'^, injin. from m ^^ AomJ* ^sed adverhiaUy, quickly. ^ (5^ ^ /VQ ^ — (5> ^Q<5^ c5br — (5^-G cru otsr, ly. w. to hasten. ^ 025 Ln, s?/Z>. a shop ; in a collective sense, a market, a bazar ^02)1^? 5w6. an end, a termination, a limit; used acljec- tively, the last. ^0311-3^, see s"a2)La. K-'La^G^^TTovTcsjirs^/v^sy — G ^ n- 6^ (2 Ln (^ — o^a^^ G (Tu (5br, V, a. to embrace. wu?. B= 5= n- s" Lb, sub. comp. of u^'lq. for ^ 'lq. (j^, tied, 0726? e= n- g- LD ( co/z^rac^ef/ /m/z CT^y^^f ), boiled rice; a bundle or cloth full of boiled rice, the usual viaticum on an Indian journey. ^ 'L^ Lu LD, sub. (^SfST?) the act of proclaiming the titles and sounding the praises of a Prince or other great personage. Kr'U5.Lu4e/5rL_A3/^A9 ^ — /vp Qc^ ^br — /vyQ (y\j abr, v. a. to proclaim the titles and sound the praises of a Prince or other great personage. ^ 'LO. (TlS m,^Ao mJ — (^^ S^ G 5" obr — sub. a stump, a billet. ^<5nT^EF©, sub. (jy[J[) an account, a computation. m 6^yor, sub. the eye. ^ COTTLE Lb, st<&. ( ^, q. v. and is L-x?. ^ ^ aq s/> to seize, q.v. to find or perceive, to comprehend, to understand. ^a2)^> sub. {^^j) a story, a tale, a fable. ^Lj(5^, sub. (^TIj^:) deceit, dissimulation. K-Lu AQ/, sub. a rope, a cord; a fishing line. RT e^ 65- E5- q:^ c5^-j h" qVt, sub. coTiip. of 05 QC5 ^ ©, the tccth of a sickle, crzzrf 24^ a\j rro^rr, a sickle; a serrated sickle. ^ QC? SV ^ A9 sy — ^ Q> <5^ (5br — sv G (Tu crbr, i?. 7Z. to imagine, to think ; to estimate. ^(vjLDLD, sub. (^m) a business, a deed, an affair, an action, a work. ^OcS-Lr), sub, blackness; used acljcdivehj m ^ ld^ black. ^ CC? LD i_i» sub. sugar cane ; s^e 5r rp 55- o ld l_|. ^^^rr, sub. a border, a bank, the shore. eroviLJL-j, sub. mixture; ?/se J adjectively, mixed, adulterated. K" a>j c5\5 02) A^j sub, comp, of m&^o;^, a stone, a rock, ajid 2Lio2)^, a chamber; an excavation in a rock used for sepulture, a grave, a sepulchre. m oV? Qo/, sub. a stone. EF o"u 2/m3, sub. sorrow, care, embarrassment. ^ fill fiQ4 ^ AC) sy — ^^^^ G <5^ o^ — 511 G o^ c5tjr, t^. «. to seize with the teeth, to snap at. eiL-PfiuM^A^^ or e^O'fiy^'^A^es/ — c5x? G (5^ (5br — GcnJ(5br, t^. o. to wash ; to pohsh (gems). B-yP^AoS^ — L-f?r5(2^(5br — y? G (T>-j ot, r. ;?. to pass (time); to glide away ; to pass loosely by the bowels. T 2 140 KT y? K" ^ A9 s/ — y^ S" G 5" (5br — y? lLj G lj c5br, t^. c/. to make to pass awaj, to turn out, to remove, to abolish. ^Q?a2)S"j sub. an ass. ^^6i\^/v)^, see k: L-p (5i| f^ A9 ey. 05 CSVf^ 5n_ (HJ ^ A9 ^ 6h- rf^ Q O^JT otJT 9ri_ C^J G OVJ OUT, t?. W. COW?/?, of u^GV^, joy, fir?i^a2)cnj5 sub. a milch cow, baffalo or goat. KT /v^ 03) a^ L_j ^, sub. comp. of u^ ^^^cru, an animal giv- ing milk, and LJ^,q.v. a milch cow. e> Arp, sub. any seasoned meat or sauce which is eaten as an accompaniment to boiled rice, a dish or mess; Lat. ferculum. cfa^/lul-^, sub. the colour black ; used adjectively, black. ^ ^l£^^^ SJ or ^a\D[ljiS u^^jV) ^ — \_s ^ G S" nr e= er f^ A9 ^ — ^ G cy^ otJT — Ur G OY-i o^y ^« «• to make hot, to boil. u> rr (^, sub. a jungle, a forest, a heath, a common or waste. ^ /T '^ (5^ ^ A9 ^ — L-^ G > SZ/&. an oblation, an offering, a present. ^ rr 6tJor eS^ ao gy — 0> (Scror G i-=3 c5^ — ^5" rr (Scrar G i— ' obr, v. a. to see, to find. 67 rr (57ror l? ^ ^ aq ^ — iS S" G 5" obr — lS'lIj G ljg^, cat/sal v. to cause to see, i. e. to shew, to point out. 5) rr 5" LD, sub. a measure of distance, varying in different parts, but equal to ten English miles in most of the Tamul countries. Ui rr gy, sub. the ear ; the eye of a needle, a button hole. K" /T J_j, sub. an unripe fruit, as opposed to l_i i_p lo or ejcTop, a ripe fruit. In composition, however, this word is used with some ripe fruits; as cucumbers, cocoa nuts. Sec. 0> rr lu B?^ A9 gy — lu r^Q^ c^br — uu G G\-i c5br, v. n. to burn, to scorch, to be hot, as the body with a fever. 142 ^ rr lLj ^ ^ Ao ^ — lu bt G S" (5br — uu lLj (S LJ dbr, v. w. to be in fruit, the fruit to form. 07rrLULJLJ(5^(^A9 ^, V. p. to be dried, as damp linen. mrru^CjLJ^'^^ ^9 or, to distinguish it from the pre" ceding verb, ^ rr lu lo i— J S" ^ a9 gy, to be wounded. K" rr rratK or ^ rr aq g^jt, an affix borrowed from the Sanscrit ^TX' ^^^ signifying an agent or doer: thus, Gcru 2/m3 ^ K" rr/T(5tjr, a servant, from Q cjyj 2/o\3, work, ^^G^TUim rr rr 0fjT^ a groom, /row? ©^OSPO", a horse. A. G. Sect. 121. ^ nr rf^ LU LD, 5Z/&. (^725;f*) a business, an affair, a matter. ^ rr ov) G LD, used adverbially, ( ^Jo^; ) in the morning : from KTrav)LD> time, a7\d the emphatic affix 6r ; thus bearing some analogy with our expression betimes. u>rro^i sub. the foot; the name of the sign rr, which renders the short a long, and assists in forming the vowel when not initial. u^ itc3\du^ O? 61| ^ a9 ^, V. a. comp. of ^ rr g- 5- (jbr, 5w6. (3J^^:) a master of a family, a housekeeper, a goodman. ^Gc^!ie=LD, 5i/Z>. (^S(J:) sorrow, affliction, sickness, pain. ^y^LD, adj. old; whence, ^i^(y\_iabr, sub. an old man, ^yicn^, sub. an old woman. ^ y? ^ a?^ ^ ^ — y? S" G S" ot — y? lj G lj (5ur, r. a. to tear, to pull in pieces, to scratch ; to engrave. (^ 0\n- LD M ^ -^ S/ — L? G (5<5r (jnr — m G ovjcj^, r. 77. to rise up, to stand forth. ^ gntt ld l_? (5or G a\-i 2ym:i, a piece of sculpture or carved work, with figures in relief. ^^LDLD, sub. (ifPT:) a village. ^Q^rr, sub. colewort, greens, potherbs, grass. ^$S?0"s- ^(SOTTCP, sub. co}?ip.of ^aiD'T, q. v. and s-6OTr(p, a stem or stalk; a kind of colewort which grows high. ^ Q Ljif postposition, beneath, under; adv. down, downwards. ^jvy^^m^ — /vpGc5OT(5^ — /^Qo\J6t!v, V, a. to split, to tear, to scratch, to lacerate ; to carve. 144 ^L3o\?, sub. the inside, the entrails; see 2 l^oKd. © ' 9 Lu T C5OT c5\j cjor, c/erii;. wozm, yrom ^ l_q., t2?zVA ta^^zc^ zY is synonymous y an inhabitant, a countryman, a labourer. ©03) La, smZ>. an umbrella. ©6OTr LO, 5?/6. (3pT:) temper, disposition, natural quality; sometimes used for good disposition. ^^m^^ ^ — ^ gr G 5" (5t5r — ^ lj G lj obr, t^. n. to leap, to spring, to jump for joy. (^^a^rr, sub. ahorse. (&^a^^^ ^n-o" ^br, sz/^. jfrom (g g^ 03) O", g. v, and m IT cTi^, q. V, a horseman, a groom. ©g-gy^^S/ — ^Qc^<3^ — m^Q>(Tud^, V. a, to prick, to pierce, to sting, to stab ; to pound in a mortar. ©LDL_S*(S', sub, a bow, a reverence. (^(vj, sub. (37^;) a religious instructor or director; Lat, sacerdos. (g" O i-=3 otyr, sub. a blind man; (^crT: \ n , a blind woman. (^ZU&^^SJ — L-Q.Q,(y^6bT — &Q(TLjdbr, v.n. to be blind. (^cC5\h(^y sub. blindness; used adjedively, blind. ©■ Z5 (y\-J IT (5^ <3\j obr, see (^^'. ^ (5ur a\j obr redundant, as ^(Tlj ^, A. G. Part 5 of Sect. 117. © ^ S3) a\Jj sub. a scream or cry expressing woe. (gav)LD, 5^^^. (^^) a caste, a race, a tribe, family or house. (g y?, 5?<6. a pit, a hole, a ditch, a grave. © G\a- LD, spe/^ a/so, Quy rr ovr ld, sz/6. a tank, a pond used for domestic purposes ; whereas errf^ is a much larger reservoir used for the irrigation of land. 145 (^ Osrr /^ ^ AO ^ — ^A^(S(5or(5br — /^Q(y\-id^, v.n, to speak inarticulately — confusedly, to stammer. © Ov^ O ^ A9 mJ — 0\^ ^T" rg G 5" (5br — C3\rr q:^ G (T'lJ (5br, ^^ ?i. to be cold ;v to be refreshed. © ostT' c^ 6^ 0?» A9 s^ — cjv-f' d^ gr G ST (5br — osrf' rMlj G i— i obr, tj. a. to make cold, to cool. © ontT' /f- e= ^, or ^e//er, © ovrf^ 'r S" g^j sub. cold. © (3vrP LJ LJ /T Lia 6* ^ A9 ^, Tmitten also, ^ ovrT* /j- lj i—' rr 1J3 (5^ 05^ A9 Sy 7. C. ©oso22)LD, st^^. cold, coolness. ^jvyrrTLD, sub. cruelty, obstinacy. Bh., inter j. (^) of lamentation. 6n_ Br 0f* A9 SJ — ^ G (5^ o^r — Br G a\-i obr, t^. 7i. to fear, to be afraid, to be daunted, to be put to the blush. 5n« L3, hififi. from 0n_ (5^ ^ A9 gy, q. v. used adverbially, together. Sometimes it merely strengthens an asser- tion : as, G^i-^Gi-a(5br9n_La^G^iJG«-=J d^9 I have heard it, indeed I have heard it. 0n_ ®^, sub. a nest, a cage. 0n_ (5^ ^ /v? aj; — L-15. G (5^ (5br — (5^ G (J^-J (5br, t^. 7?. to unite, to club together; to be possible; Fr. se joindre, etiam veneris, d' ou vient qu'il faut user de ce verbe et de ses composes avec circonspection. M.S. Diet, 5n_ 6* LD, impers. v. neut. fut. from 5h^Q>^w:> ^, q. v. it may be, it is possible. 0n_M LDj sub. a crowd, an assembly, a tribe, an association. V 146 9n_ M IT ovtP, suh. a companion, a colleague, an associate, a partner. uh-\^(S'^ /^ mj — 1—9- G cJCJT (5br — © G cyu abr, t^. «. to unite, to cause to associate, to conjoin ; to add up. 0n_ LJ lJ* ©^ 05^ A9 sy — IS Lj G L=i d^ — L_?-(5* G cj^ C5br, t?. «. and 7?. to hail, to call to, to shout out. dh^tj^, sub, hire, wages. 9n_ (51j ^ A9 ^—(TlS Q OUT 0^ 61\ G (TU OW, '0. U, tO CrOW, to COO as doves. G 05- <^ er ^ A9 s^ — EPG(5^Gbr — BrGcyuobr, t). n. to beg coaxinglj, to entreat humbly and earnestl3\ QUiih ^ A9 ^ or G K- yi ^ ^aq s; or G esr csntt ^ ^^ ^ — G 65: La G L3 (5br — G ^ ontt lj G lj ot, t?. o. and w. to hear, to obey ; to ask. (22) ^ sz/6. the hand, the arm ; the sleeve of a coat. Like xtip and 7na7ius, this word also signifies, by analogy, an elephant's trunk. Qm T^u^LD, adj. small, little ; suh, smallness ; adv, little by little. Q>^ rr I 9 , suh. a parasitical plant ; a flag or ensign. • G ^ rr L^Q. ^ or G ^ ^ i— q. lu s^, neut, conj. deriv, from GUiT (S'O^LD, cruelty; literally, it is a cruel thing, what is cruel — ^horrible. A. G. Sect. 125 and 126. G ^ n- i 9 1 1 I rr a\3, sw6. a Banian tree (Ficus Indica). G w n- (5» ^ ^ A9 sy — (5^ 5" G 5" d^ — & lIj G LJ obr, v. a. to give (to a third person). A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 110. 147 (d WT (B> 23) L£), sub. fierceness, violence, tjrranny, cruelty, hard-heartedness. C w /T La 02) Lza, sub. the Stone of fruits. Q w rr6^ (5^ G LJ rr ^ A9 s/* v. a. comp. of Q^ rr dror ©^ ^A9^, ^iT6C^(S'(TurB^(TiS(S'^^m/iV'(i'Comp. of Qu^rr6ur!V^ from Q^!T(^rT<5hC3^J^SJ^ 5'- ^- o\j rs ^ from c^^ (r^ ^ A9sy, q- V. and c3:lS (p ^ /v? gy, q. v. to advance in argument, to adduce. G ss" nr g- ^, sub. a bunch, a clump, a bush. G05r/TLjL_J(3srf^^^/v)^ or G u> rr C: i_] osrf ^ ^ ao ^ — ontT ST G S" (5br — C5V^ lU G LJ c5br, v. a. and n. to rinse the mouth, to gargle ; to rise in blisters. G ^ T LJ L_i9 5^^^' ^ branch. G ^ 'T LD M) 5"^- ^ bough or branch ; a horn of an animal ; the sign G • G ^ n- a\5 s/o\3, sub. a back yard ; corn or grain growing on high ground and not watered artificially. G ^ '^ ovH" a\rf^ K- Lj cs) L3, sub. comp. of Quy rr o^rr (3vrf=^, a brand, ajul ^ihaS)^-^^ a short stake; a firebrand made of wood; Lat. teda. QUi rr oVt CW3 ^ a9 ®/ — G ^ n- 6OTr G lj ot — Q ^ ir ovt (3^o G u> IT 6t5rTf $22) ^, swfe. cotton canvas — called in India, from the Tamul name, gunny : sacks made of such canvas. C 65- n- 1_5 ^ eg^ A9 S/ — -XS 5" G 5" obr — lS lLi G lj dbr, v. n. from the sub. Q>^ rr ljld, which is from the Sanscrit ^^t^:> wrath ; to grow angry, to be enraged. G ^ n- /J- e^ er /v) aj/ — ^ 5" G 5" obr — rr iJj G lj obr, v. a. to run through, to transfix ; to string or thread (beads). Q u> rr (Txs (fo^ sub, a temple or pagoda, a church. Q>By rr y?, sub. a domestic fowl, whether cock or hen. Q^ IT osTf^a^ K- ^ ©• ^a^o-, sub, a mare. The word Q^rr o\rf^ ^2) 6> designates also the female of the ass. e> 2J5 (SOTT LD, sub, ( g(j[: ) an instant, a moment. e:e>gp, 52^6. (^T^:) mud, a puddle. e: ^ ov), o^'. ( ^^^ ) all, the whole ; whence g= w ov) Lb, ??ei<^. 5Z/6. every thing ; e= ^ ov) cr, twosc. every body. e= rk; ^2) ^ G ^ ©"» 5w6. cow/?, of u^rK/ 02) ^, honour, and G^(P, destruction; a disgraceful action, turpitude. e= <^ ^ C5V) LD, SW&. ( -cj^^ ) anxiety, embarrassment, wavering. e= La o^ ©, sub, a ceremony, whether of marriage, burial, religion, or of compliment. ^&^9 sub. suddenness, quickness, surprise. e=Lba2)i-=i> sub. a jacket, any sewn upper garment. 6P 6^ cs) L3j sub. a tumult, a quarrel, a battle. 149 .e=^2)5-, sub, flesh; a/50 like the Greek word aapl, the pulp of a fruit. 9= gr 5" LD, suh, ( S[[5^: ) a sound ; a/so as ^wvti and wr, a voice, a word. (pr3^ I , sw6. a bustle, a noise made by a crowd ; also like ox^og and fi^ria, the crowd itself. 0= CB ^ ^ eS^ A9 S^ — ^5"(SS"abr — g^ lj G lj obr, i?. a. ( ^rf^J ) to strike against, to come in contact with, to meet, to strike (the eye or ear). e= r^ gr '^r OUT, sub. ( ^(7^: ) the moon. (?= rs G 5" E^ LD- 5w^- (^T^^:) doubt. (pr3\22)^» sub. a fair, a market where goods are sold on certain days. e= rg G S^ n- 2_a LQ, sub. ( ^r^q: ) joy, pleasure. ^ LD ':^ 5" 5" (5br, 5w6. ( ^^^ ) a capable or skilful man, an industrious man. f^LDcf^i sub. (^^) equality, the middle; the deity death; so called perhaps because ^^cequo pulsat pede pauperum tabernas regumqueturres;'" adj. level, even. 0= LD n- ^, sub. certain castes bury their dead in a sitting posture, the legs crossed; this word expresses that posture. e= L£5^ LJ LD, sub. {^sf\Tj[) viciuity, nearness; adj. near, nigh. f?= 02) LD ^ ^ AO ^ — 02) LD S" G 5" d^ — 22> LD LU G I— J OTj '^' d* to dress victuals, to cook. e=03)LDLULD, sub. {^'^^;) an occasion, a favourable moment, an opportunity ; a general term for the sects of philosophy. 150 gc Lb LJ n- g^ ^ ^ A9 ^ — ^ 5" G 5" (5br — ^ lIj G LJ cjbr, v. a. ( ^*^mf^7f ) to get, to acquire, to attain ; to enjoy. ^LO\-SrrLD, sub, (^F>TTT0 Plenty, abundance, com- pleteness. f: LD M o'lS ^^ tD W — (5"^ S" (d S" c3br — (ns LJ (S Lj obr, V. a. to suffer or enjoy ; Gr, 7ra LD ns 5" Lib, sub. ( ^5^^; ) connection, alliance. sc llS" ^ ^ 2/tnrr, sz/t. a sign, a wink, a beckoning. ^a-e=Li), sw6. a jest, raillery, pleasantry, banter. 3=0" Lb, sz/Z>. a row or arrangement in a line, a garland, a string of precious stones. prf^, fir ^^Q>^ d^ — ^ ^ G (yu (5^? ^- w. to die. {?=n-(22)L3, 51^6. a wink, a hint. e= rr . boiled rice. f5= n- ^, si^Z>. ( ^fTfrfJ ) ^ caste, a race, a kind, a sex. G= n- g^ ^ ^ A9 ^ — ^ ST G 5" (5tjr — ^ lj G LJ (5br, i?. n. to persevere, whether with constancy or obstinacy, to be obstinate. ^rr^^^^a^T, comp. of ^rr^^ q.v. and (^^a^rr, q. i\ a horse of caste, i. e. of good caste ; as we say a man of family, i. e. of good family. e=/T^2/tn5r, sub. perseverance, constancy, obstinacy. f?=n-5'^^A9^ — g^Gc5^(5br — s^Q(Tua^, v. a. to ap- ply (one thing to another) ; to shut, but witliout locking, to close ; to put garlands on an image ; to apply (ashes to the forehead). s^n-LJLS&^^ m^ — \-S Li G Ln o^ — US' & Q>a\J obr, v. a. to eat and drink (a meal). e= rr LD LD, sub. ( ZfJJf: ) a watch or period of three hours. 152 f^rr LDU 0x3, sub. ashes. f?= rr Lb LJ ii? i_jj ^ a^ BiU^ IT LLj, sub. comp. of 9^ ld u a\3, q. V. and \^ ^ (5^ ef w rr lu, a gourd ; a gourd of an ash colour. Probably the same variety (cucurbita hispida) as the ^ONS'LU/T6ncrLUt=t)^(5^^^rrLLj, so called from the custom of serving it up at weddings. " Espece de longue citrouille, que les voleurs ne derobent jamais.'' M.S'. Did. f9=/TLua\3, sub. a shadow, likeness, resemblance, image. pppTLu^ Ao sy — Lu CD G 5" (5br — lLi (S cnj (5br, v. n. {perhaps from ^ — ^T^frf ) to bend, to decline, to go down (the sun). p:n-Lu^wn-av)LD, sub. ( ^TR^fTTc^o comp. of '^J^, even- ing, and c^i^, time) the evening ; metaph. the time of death. e= rr rr (SK, sub. a slope, a declivity ; ardent desire ; Lat. concubitus. 0=n-ONS or B^rr g€ Q t3 g\d cm/, sub. a sort of rice of superior quality. f5=rrsi!, sub. (TJ^) death. f5= rr 611 ^ A9 ^, written better, u^ir^ aq ^, q. v. F?= n- 2ro ^ a- LD, sub. {^^) a science, an art; sooth- saying. f5= rr 2A) ^ rf^, sub. ( StufN^ ) one read in the sciences, a doctor. f5=/T2ig'i rrrR/^LD, si/6. ( ^,with, 3f ^5^ , eight, 3f3^, a member) a reverence by the prostration of the eight members, viz. the hands, the feet, the shoulders, the breast and the forehead i 153 ^ ^ (^, o natural word, expressive of force and rapidit3^ G^rP^e^ A9^ — rf=^5"GS'abr — rP lLi G lj (5br, t^. n. to laugh, to smile. ^C5v, adj. some. d^av>(5ii, suh. expenditure, money for expenses; LaL viaticum ; permission or leave. ^ c5\j (5br, proper name, ( ftn^: ) the deity Shivah. ^ AQ/ ^, flf^'. little, a few, some. <^ s/rsvr ^ ^ /v? ^, spelt also, ^ (j^ Ui ^ aq ^ — 2/:y7vr ^ G5"(5br or cJ^rgGS" otrr — s/t^^sr Lj G i— i o^ or (5tJr .1. G LJ c5br, 1'. n. to be angry. ^sref^/TLO, suh. (Sft^) quickness, haste. ge* e= ^, interj. fie ! fie ! " Ceux qui savent vivre, ne disent jamais ce mot devant les personnes de dis- tinction, ni hors du discours familier.'" M.S. Did. ^g-LD, suh. (Sffrf) cold. ^ cr 22) LD, suh. {perhaps from \\\^\ ) a country, a district. e^ LD n- obr, suh. {"^^J^) a goodman, a host; an opulent man. ^2/cv), suh. (^^) a cloth, clothes. ^a\j(5OTLD, s?^6. (3ft^'t) life*? a livelihood. ^ A^ ^ ^ AO S^ — AcP 5" G 5" (5br — ^AcP LJ G LJ obr, v. n. to hiss, to puff. ^2_Qc5t5r, sw6. ( Rl'^:) a disciple, a pupil. 5r © ^ AO sy — 5r L=i G LJ o^ — 9r (P G CTU (5br, t^. a. to burn, to roast, to bake. Or 5" ^5 5?/6- (srrf^:) purity, cleanness; « J;, clean, pure. X 154 Hr 5" ^ ^ a- LD, sub. ( SITf^:cJi4^U| ) purification. Wr LDLDiT, adj. Still, quict, lazy ; generally used as an adv. quietly, simply, only. er q:^ ^' f^ A9 s^ — (T^ rKj^ Q a^ (5br — o ^ © C cyu abr, v. n. to shrink, to shrivel. BrCC5i!n&or^/^ih(S'> sub. a roll or scroll : hence the word cliooroot^ used by the English in India, to signify a roll of tobacco leaf, i. e. a segar. er qo/ Lj LO, sub, ( F^H ) facility, brevity ; as an adj. easy, short. 0r yi qo/ ^ /^D SJ — UP (5br G A9 obr — yi q^ G cru obr, t^. w. to revolve, to whirl round ; Lat. verti in gyrum. ef L-p /V:) AQ/ ^ /v? 55/ — UP i^ /vp G <5^ obr — LP 4:) /V3/ (2 OYJ otjr, I), G. to cause to revolve, to whirl round, to turn. er oVr 0JV3 e= 9r oVt c^vt^, a natural word, expressing the sense of oppression or suffocation produced by heat. QrA^^. « natural word, expressing rapidity of action; also, smarting pain. w- ^n/^^ Co or 0r /V2/ ^ (g^, sub. vivacity, fervour, activity ; sharpness, haste. er ^ AQ/, sub. a circuit, a round about way; adj. circuitous. er a:? AQ/ (^ /V? ^ — 5r ^ ACP G C5^ C5tjr — 5f ^ aq/ G cn-i OtTT, V. a. to surround, to envelope, to pass round. (^ av) r5 rr oVt, sub. an unlucky day. (^up, injin. from (^(^^/vp^, (^. t;. ?/5efZ adverbially, around. © O' ^ ^ ^ — (© L=P rs G 5- obr — (^ (^ G c5\j (^br, v. a. to surround, to environ. 155 G^L-r?., sub. a shrub. Q^'LQ., sub. a merchant, one of the caste of merchants. This word is not synonymous with (Tu^iuabr, the third of the four orders of Hindoos ; but denotes a certain subdivision of that order : a female of this caste is called Q^'lq. e=GP. Q&'iLi^Aos^ — Gf5=LuCS"aur — G ^ '-u G a\j cjbr, v. a. to do, to make. Gf^ujg^, sub. news, intelligence. Q^&'O Q^ ^ ^ SJ — G ^ d^ Q> CD OT — G ^ ov) c^^ G cn-i obr, i;. a. and n. to receive; to pass (to a place), to pass (money), to pass (with regard to time); to stand good in law ; to be expended. For one of its uses set A. G. Parti of Sect. J 10. G^cy^i-5> 5Z/Z;. the ear. G ^ sLi ^2) c5\j» adj. straight, direct, right. Gs= ^ub. (^^) loss, damage. Ge=LDLD* 5«^. (gjj") interment, burial. d^v^^^ /^mJ — u:5^S"G5"a^ — ijyLJGi-Jc5^>^'-«- to bury. G^Q5'^A9S/ — G^o^r5GS"(5^ — Ge=(OJGc5\Jc5br,t;. a. and;/, to be collected, to assemble, to approach, to arrive at. GGP/vy, 5z^^. mire, mud. 22) f5= LIS ^ ^ 2A^n", see g^ ll? fS" ^ 2/^^^^. G f?= n- rf=^ ^ A9 ^ — rf^rsGS'C^br — rf^ G C5\_i otJT, r. ". to glide down (as corn from a heap), to shower down, to trickle down. X 2 156 C 5= rr Of ^ A9 mJ — O ^(^a^ (?or — o iJ G o^ <5^» '0. a. to sheath, to stick in(the bosom— a girdle — the pocket,&c.) (2 9= n- a>o ego/ ^ ao ^ — G ^ 't ^ G (5^ (5br — G e= n- ox? q^ G(5^(5br, t!. fl. to say, to speak, to tell. G sp rrg^^ E^ A9 ^/ — ^ §)" G 5" c5^ — -^ LJ G i-J c5br, t^. cr. (5Tt^*t) to examine, to try. Q^rr ^rf" 2_J5 ld, 5w^. ( ::s^fri"^ ) astronomy, astrology. G5^^S"^LULDj sw6. (^^rq^) a profound sleep, a lethargy. G ep rr LJ LD, suh. languor, faintness, a swoon ; idleness. Q^rr\s) (5br, sub. a cloth of eight cubits length, worn around the waist by men. Qa^rr a/ro, sub. a grove. Gs=n-/v3/, sub. boiled rice; the pith of certain palms of which a kind of sago is made. 2A3g^rf^, sub. (^) like Twv??, signifying a. woman gene- rally, or a wife in particular. 2A3 ^^^ ^ Af) ^ ^ S" G 5" G^ BT LJ G !— I O^, l^. «. (^frT:) to praise, to flatter. ^"Ti^^^LD, swZ>. memory, recollection, reason. ^ rr Lu LD, sub. ( ^^^: ) justice, reason, right, propriety. '^^ rr o^ LD, sub. ( ^fpf ) wisdom, intelligence, spirituality. ^ 95- i_J L^' obr, sz/6. g'Wflfsi g- (g ld lj L-' abr, in contradistinction to ^ :^ A9 LJ L_j obr, the father's younger brother, and G'-jrf^LULjLUcjar, the father's elder brother; a father. ^ u^(^^Ao mJ — ^ &r5Q>^ <5^ — ^ q:^ G cyucjbr, c n. to fall to pieces, to break in pieces. grS^^S^ — g- ^ G ^ obr — ^ © G (5\-J obr, r;. n. to be fitting or proper ; Lat, convenire. A. G. Sect. 84. S" 02) ^ 55^ A9 gy — gr cS) ^ /ID G sr obr — S" 02) ^ G o^ c5^, x^'. a. to hinder, to forbid, to stop. ^/Ti/e5"LljLJii302)L^> s"^' the girth of a saddle. S" ^ 05^ :^ SJ — S" ^ ^ G (5OT C5^ — 5" ^ (^ G 0^-J <3^» ^' ''• ^0 rest, to stay, to halt, to sojourn. 5" /1=i/ © ^ A9 ^, see g-ov ^ ^ ^. S" 1^ ^lM ^ A9 sy — cri-^ G (5^ (5^ — (5^4 G ctlj (jar, t^. a. to touch, to rub, to stroke ; Lat. palpare. g- i 9 j 5i. a stick, a cudgel. g- i 9 n^j a natural word, expressing suddenness. This word, like all those of a similar nature, is used with the verb 6rabr^A9^, which seems to serve as a kind of introduction to what has of itself no regular meaning in the language. A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 99. g- 02) 1-3 ^ ^ iV5 sy — 02) 1-3 s" G 5" c5br — 02) lu lj G '-J (5ot, v, a. to hinder, to obstruct. g- Li3 (P ^ A9 ^ — -UQ. G <^^ d^ — L^ (5^ G o\J (5br, t;. cr. to pat, to rap, to knock. S-60Tjra\:), sub. burning coal. g-6^6OTf rr, sub. comp. of ^ 6m-, cold, and r^ &, water; cold water, water generally. In common language i-J e= 02) 0= 5" S" <5mjr dCJcTp' o" is cold, literalli/, green or raw water; so called because it has not been boiled. 153 ^ r3 ^ T (TlJ (j^ LD, sub. comp. of T^Jr^, a tooth, and ^|T^5f, cleansing ; the act of cleaning the teeth. ^ rg g^ /x LD, sub. ( rT*^^ ) a trick, a stratagem, a device. ^ lIj L_i Go^atJT — 5" /T ^ @^ G ovj obr, c. a. to combat, to come against, to butt, to dash against ; to attain. g- rr rk/ ^ ^ S^ — ^ rr rfv ^ G (5OT obr — 5" n- rfv (g (j (5^_j (jbr, t;. a. to support, to endure; to ward off; to lean upon. B rr LniS 6CT^ ovj rr rj-, written also, g- rr lLi lj 6TOP cyu n- q- and g- rr 4:? Lj) 6OTf o\j n- o", 5W^. a thong to fasten the saddle to the bridle or halter ; a bearing rein. g rr 63or(p ^ aq ^ — g- rr 6OTr i q. G c5OT (5br — 5" rr dCfor (S^ Ga\j(5br, i?. a. to jump over, to skip over, to surmount. g- rr c5YJ2ycvT, written also, g- rr o:^? 2/3vr, sz/6. an alleviation, a melioration ; adj. well. 160 g- nr obr, reflect, pron. himself, herself, itself. A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 57. ^ L_Q. &, see g- '-_Q. /x. ^L^(P, 5?/^. abuse, scolding, imprecation. g^dtfera/tRTOT, SW&. a kind of bench made of brick or mud, and usually occupying. the portico and outside of . an Indian house. g- T 6^i-2 Lu LD, sub. ( ^5^ ) , riches, money. g=^ cr (Ti_s Lu ovj /-r (5br, sz<^. (?[^TTT^) a rich man. ^ o" oVt, S2/&. abundance; «^'. abundant, numerous, thick or in crowds. ^rr rr6u^, spelt also ^^^6otP, sub. strength, ability; possessions ; dignity ; talent. g^rf^^"^A9sy — ^ rf' r5 GS"5br — ^ rr" Q G\J abr, v. n. ( fr[5^^ ) to wander, to vacillate. ^ rr- ^ ^ AO ^ — 5" rT'^Q^ obr — ^ rf^CjQ'^ obr, t;. a. to twist a rope, to turn a handmill. g^cTF©"^^^' — cc^ L_i?. G (5^ obr — q:? © G c5\J cjbr, tJ. a. to steal. ^ q:^ Lb (5^, si^^. a theft. ^CC^LDLJ, infill, from ^^(v^ ldl_i^ ao s/» q- 'o* used ad' verbialli/, again. A. G. Part 6 of Sect. 96. g=^ (C^ LD i_j ^ ^ SJ — ^ LD L? G (5^ abr — q:^ LD i_) G ctu obr, V. n. to turn, to return, to turn back. ^^6i\ o^TT LD, sub. comp. of ^(T^, sacred, and sl_ c5vt ld, mind ; the will (of God — of a king — of any great personage). ^ A9 ^ f€^ A9 ^ — A£) r^Q^ obr — aq lj G lj abr, v. a. to open. 161 ^ (5ur LDj sub. ( f^^ ) ^ day. ^ (5^ r5 ^ cy^r LD, G^t^. (g^c5^ LD repeated) daily. g^abr^A9^ — ^(5tjrG^c5br — ^ (5t7r G lj <5br, i'. w. to eat; more commonly used with respect to animals than men. ^(5br$S)LD, sub. evil; espeaa//?/ death. ^, 5W&. fire. *^ Au Madure, ne se dit que du feu de r incendie.'' M.S. Diet. ^ih (S' ^AQ SJ — 'LQ- G c5^ obr — Lb (5> G cnj obr, v. a. to sharpen; to beat rice from its husk. ^Lu 02)11), sub. evil. ^^^ Ao m^ — ^d^OiGS'abr — ^ c:? G cru (^br, t^. ??. to be settled or cleared up, to finish, to cease; to be cured. ^ d- ^ ^ /V9 mJ — ^ ^ 5" G S" obr — ^ & \Li Qlj 6^, v. a. to finish, to settle (a dispute, an account), to expiate (an offence), to pay a debt ; Lat. luere ; to correct. ^ cr 5" g- Lb, sub. ( rft^T ) water, usmdly holy water. ^/:rLUL_i» ^'« sub. from the verb ^&^'^^^', a decision, an award of arbitrators. ^ &IDIT a^ LD, sub. a decision, a decree. ^ &a^(y\-ii sub. a judgment of condemnation or ac- quittal, a sentence of death. ^ (5X2 2/J7yr, sid). an evil action, ill luck. ^^UiLDi sub. (Z":^) sorrow, grief, mourning. Sy L=3 4i/ ^/v^gy — L=inx/^G<5^OT — La Ov (g G c5\-J (^^ ^- ^• to begin. gy L3 C5 ^^ S/> or better, Q^ rt\^^ ^ aq ^ — lu & r^ G S^ (5t5r — In CC5 G cru (5br, t;. o. to follow, to pursue. ggy L-^ ^ ^ ^ Sy — '— ^ 5" G S" o^ — L-Q. lLj G L-J c5br, i;. n. to pant, to throb, to struggle, to twitch or be convulsed. Y 162 sy22)i-=3> suh, the thigh. S^22)i^^sS^^SV— a2)i-=i5'G^c5br — $22) er Lit G LJ (5br, V. a, to wipe. ^6^s^^ AOmJ — s/ <5TOr rg G S" obr — s^ d^jf^ G cru obr, v. a. to dare, to venture to do. ^ gRTO); ^ ©, a natural word, expressive of shuddering. S/6OTrL3LD, suh. apiece, a morsel. ^ 6m (5», sub. a piece, a morsel. gyor ar LD 5w6. ( rT"5^3y: ) a horse. ^/rf^g-LD, sw^. (S^rt) misfortune, evil, calamity. ^ (yu ^ ^ ^ S/> sj/'^c- Z^^'' ^ o\^ ^ © ^ ^ S/ — cyu ^ ^ C (5^ (5br — G\j ^ © G c5^ (5br, v. a. to begin. gy (Tlj (52vC5 ^ AO S/ — (5^ <5^ G i-=i OT — ;cyu c5so G c5>J (5br, t^ w. to yield, to warp, to shrink, to bend. ^^ Au Madure, le debiteur, qui ne pent payer, etre a la merci de son creancier.^' M.S. Did. S/ovTONTf^, spelt usually i ^ovrT, suh. a drop. ^dsrTGSi/3^^mJ — csntT* G (TOT ofcr — cssv^s G (^ a\j obr, v. a. to touch. G5"n"©^^ADSy — GS"n-©>grG^atjr — Q^rrf^CjQi^dhr, V, a, to make to adhere ; to string flowers. Gor/T'LO., sub. a large vase, a trough. Q>^ T r3^iSS)rr^ sub, trouble, inconvenience, difficulty: a Teloogoo word, G 5" '^ ^ ^9 5^^' ^^^ belly, the paunch. GS"n-LlJM>« ^^^^^''^^^lYjr^^xpressiveof the noise whichaheavy body makes when falling on the ground or into water. Q^- fTLjLj dbr, see ^ u^ Cj Lj abr. G S" n- Lu ^ ^ A9 ^ — G ^ n- Lu g- G er <5tjr — G gr nr LU lu G LJ (jbr, V, a. to immerse. Q^rro\Dy sub. skin, leather, the pod or husk of seeds, the peel of fruit, the skin of kernels ; Lat. cutis. GS" n- (5t7r /V3^ ^ A9 ^ — G>^rrdbrA!:PQ>(yarobr — Q^rrabr/vy Go^-iobr, V. n, to appear, to suggest itself (to the judgment, imagination or senses). 165 C ST n- 2J2 LJD, suh, ( ^t^: ) a sin, malignity, whether physical or moral. rg ^ ^ ^ ^j sync, for g5 ^ (g ^ a^ ^ — rs ^ ^ (2 our c^br — r5 ^ © G o\J C5OT, v. a. to lick. r5 B= Efr r^ ^ ^ LD, sw6. comp. of r^^^, the adjective form of rb'^'dr, poison, and rsn-^Lb, (^TFT;) a snake; a poisonous serpent. r^m^^ /£) mJ — 1-3 rs G 5" obr — La lLj G Lj obr, v. n. to go, to walk, to take place, to be usual, to succeed. rg (5>, sw^. the middle. rgaSLij, SM&. walk, gait, mien. rg (22) Ln 9n_ L=3 LJD, SW&. a virandah, a porch, the entrance of a house. rg ^, s!/^. ( ?f^ ) a river. rg LD 2A) 0Y> n- cr Lb, sw6. ( •i^^cj^n;: ) salutation, re- verence, adoration. r5 LU LO LJ Lu LD, suh. comp. of rg LU LD, kindness, and LJ Lu LO, fear ; coaxing and threatening. r5a\Da\^, adj. good. rBO^(5iSZ0^i sub. comp. of /jctV?, good, a7id (snsz/svTy temper ; good fortune, happiness, good conduct. r^cyuLD, sub, (?T^) newness; adj. new; the number nine, marked thus, u% . rg (5br 02) LD, sub. a good, a benefit, happiness. rBabTc^Lu, adv. from rsa^/vy, good ; well. rB/TEFLD, sub. (^UTJi) destruction, extinction. J6g rBirC^Lnrr/n/LDy adv. daily. . rg rr M rr c^br, deriv. noun, from r^ n- (5>, a country. ; an in- habitant, the head of a village or district. rg rr lij, sub. a dog. r^ IT. cM/» num. four ; marked thus, e^ ; often used indefinitely for several. rs nr y? 02) ^* sw6. an Indian hour of twenty-four minutes, used sometimes for the distance walked in that time. rD rr o^rr, suh. a natural day of twenty -four hours. re rr o$£5 ^^r^ir qvt, flc/f . daily, from day to day. rs rr /V3/ 0f^ AQ ^- — Fg nr /vp Q <3^ d^ — rg nr aq/ (2 (yLj<5bry t;. w, to stink. rp rr /V3 LJ ^, wt/w. forty ; marked thus e=Juj, CB rr 4:) LJ gr ©■ -^ Or, www. comp. of r^ rr / Lr5^ 2_C LD, 5ee rg^ ld 0= ld. rg" T LO L_) ^ :^ S/ — LD l5 G (5tTr obr — LOMGcnjcjbr, i?. n. to grow full. rg"' 02) T, sub» a row, an arrangement in a line. rg^c5V)Lci, suh. a place, the ground, the soil, the land. r5^ 2/jro G EET rr c5Nrr 020 ^ ^ S/> V. «. //'OW^ f]g^^/a\3, station, «7iJ Q^ rr ontt <5^r5 ^ aq ^, g'. tJ. to be firm or settled, to be established. rp (fo c^ ^ ./v:> mJ OT sf^^AO^ — r^dbrQ^OTST — rS'o^ Qo/.Gcru(?br, V. n. to stand, to. stay, to be durable. rFyi cT^j sub. a shade or shadow ; .we^flfp^. protection. r^/v)LD9 sub. colour. rg" i^ 5r sy ^ A9 gy — /vy ^ ^ Q our abr — ^iy 5" S/ C c5\j o^, ro, a. to make to stand, to stop; to place or set up. f5> AQ/ LD n- <5OTr LD, sub. {f^^]^) nakedness. rS^ 02) A^ ^ A9 ^ — 02) A9 C5 G 5" (5^ — 02) a9 Q &^ (5br, t). ??. to be full ; the injin. rg^ 02) ^ tu i*5 used as an adverb, fully., r5^02) /^ G cTLj/viy^ A9 ^ — G (5^-J A^G (5or (^ — Q ^'- fl« to reject, to remove, to leave out, to do away, to subtract. r§> r^^ AO sy— rf* 1^^0,6^ c5br — rp fi^^Qo\-i O^^ ^' '^- ^^^ retire; to wear off, to come oif. '^ 168 rg* Lj (B* ^ A9 mJ — ^ 'LO- G C5OT C5^ — r^ \h(B'Q rg ^ ^ /v} ^y, written vulgarly rg* «^ Br ^ /V) ^ — rg* «^ gP G C5^ c5tjr — rf* *^ 5r G a\J (5br* i'- w. to swim. rg^uj, pers.pron, thou. A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 57. fSrr» sub. water, urine. rg*ovTLb, sub. length. £5/ ^S) yi f^ A9 Sy — 53) i-P rg G 5" obr — 52) Lp G (?^ (5br, t). fl. to enter crouching, to creep in. rgy(5T5p, sub, an end, extremity, tip. {E7r/v3/, www. a hundred; marked thus, m. ^/r i^ (22; A9 LD LJ ^, nti?)i. a hundred and fifty; marked thus, M^LU. G /^ «§? ^ LD, wzV^ew also G CB '^ ef , swJ. the heart ; metaph. the mind, the soul, the will, the conscience. G C5 (5* CS) LD, sub. length ; c^". Qr^^, long. G G3 Lu, sw6. ghee, melted butter. GC5^^^A9^ — Gr5rf^srG5"(5br — Grs^f^LliGLjabr, t).a. to break down with noise, to crush, to pound, to crack (the fingers). GC5CC5^^A9^ — GrSQ^F-'^^GcJOTcJOT — Qr5 ^ f%: ^ G(yu(5OT, v.n. to be squeezed, to be crowded. C /!> q:^ Cj L_], sub. fire. GcboVdoo/, SW&. rice, before it is freed from the husk, in India called by the English Paddy. 169 G 05 ovf* ^ to mi — G r5 ovt^ r^ c S" c^ — G cd ovf^ G o\j obr, V. n. to wriggle, to writhe. Qr^^iQih&nrLD, sub. (t%^T) cruelty; adj. cruel. GG5 5=ld, sub. affection; virtuous love. Qr^^^y spelt also G C5 ^ a^j sub. beauty, neatness, elegance; adj. beautiful, neat, elegant. Qr3rrLD,sub. time, occasion; lateness; a crime or fault. C 05 4? /vP, sub. a vow. Qrd ^ /V3/, sub. yesterday. Qr5 rr 6OTr i gi, viiieiycch. from Qf3 rr sdm ^^aq ^, to l)e lame ; used adjediveli/, lame. Qr5 T^AD mJ — G ^5 IT FF, d^ d^ — G rs rr G a\J d^, V. n. to ache or smart ; to be sick ; Lot. dolere. Qr5rT6ii, sub. sickness, pain. i__iS5-c5NJ, sub. day, coirelative with rr rr, mght. LJE^^LD, sub. {^^:) the side. L_> ^, sub. hunger. L_-'ef, sub. (^^:) in Sanscrit this word signifies an animal hi general, but in Tamul by antonomasia, an ox, or, more commonly, a cow : thus in Italian the word animate is used colloquially for a hog. L_' 9r 02) LDj sub. greenness ; adj. ljut Co or l_i e= 5r or L_| 8=02)^5=, green, raw. Lj '^ 9= 6^ L3 ^ /y^ gy — 02) L3 r5 G S" (5br — 22) i-3 G o^-J cjtjr, r. 7/. to be dim or overcast, as the countenance or eyes of a dying man. 170 LJ ^ 9= n- a* LD, suh, the age of a horse or bullock. L-J <^ Sr» suh, cotton, wool. LJ La (O) e^ A9 ^ — U La ^ /3 G 5" d^ — LJ La (£5 G (5^ obr, t^ W. to spread. L_i i_Q., siih. a measure, a manner, degree ; the step of a door. A. G. Sect. 153. L_J L_^ ^ ^ A9 ^ LJ L_Q. S" G 5" Obr L_l L_£;l LJ G LJ otJT, V, a. to learn ; to read, to chant, to recite. L_' L_Q. LJ L? ^ ^ tO^ — L^g- G S"abr — Li'LJ G L—iabr, t\ causal^ to cause to learn, to teach. Governs two Accusatives, i_j (5^ ^ A9 ^' — LJ Lin G L3 obr — LJ & G <3\-> d^y V- «. to suffer ; to be the patient in an action. A. G. Sect. 76 and 107. LJ (5^ ^02)^9 sub. abed, a couch. Lj&ej^^ ^ — i_i © 5" G 5" (5tjr — LJ ©^ lIj G LJ o^jt, v. n. to lie down. i-j (5" S" sy ^ A9 SV — ^ G c^nr obr — s^ G (Tu obr, t^. causal, to cause to suffer. A. G. Sect. 107. LJ S2) La Lu ^ e= G^, st/6. one of a particular caste of Soodras or cultivators; synonymous with i_j ovt cwf'. L—ilJ^^ld, written also l_j^^ldj sub. {'^^\) love, affec- tion, partiality; the side. L-j 'i_Q. ^ ^ rr (5^5 suh. a hamlet, a woodland village : " l_j lI^ l_<:;l e^ ^ rr 'lq. G ^^^ <3^lS do^ tD ^5 ^her vendre par les villages." M.S, Did, i^ M_Q. (snrrr, sz/Z*. the state of fasting, or rather, of subsisting on very light diet; regimen. i_j (St5^ LD, sub. ( XT^Jf ) a- fanam ; a silver coin of which forty-five make a Star Pagoda (^ cruo-rr ^c^br). The fanam varies in value in different parts; at 171 Madras it is equal to about 2^d. There are like- wise gold fanams, chiefly in use on the Western side of the Peninsula: the word is also used, like the Lat. nummus, for money in general. LJ6TOP^/VQSy — LJ 6rrof^ r^ (2 g- obr — l_j (5OTf (2 a^_j c5^, v. n. to stoop, to lower or humble oner's self Lj <5OTp Lu n- o" LD, suh. a cake, a fritter. Lj dOTT La rr o" LD, suh. One of a peculiar sect of Shaivas, who, though not Brahmans, devote their lives to religion and subsist on charity. LJ 6duv (5(7?v); ^ If) ^ LJ (STOT GS^ (2 0^ d^ — L_i 6OTr (5??'V G(yu(5tjr, t'. a, to make, to do. LJ s^ONJLDjtiynV^e/i a/50 L_JSc5OTLD,caution,care,circumspection. LJ 5" /v:^ ^ A9 gy — i_j g- /Vp G (5^ (5br — lj ^ aq/ G cyu obr, r. ?/. to be in a hurry, to be over hasty. LJ s/ ^ ^ ^ S/ — L_j gy ov ^ G (5^ c5br — l_i ^ -iv © G ctuot, t\ n. to crouch, to skulk for the purpose of concealment. I— ' 02) 5" ^ ^ ^ W — ^ 02) S" S" G 5" C5tjr — i_J 02) 5" lLj G i— ' (5^» V. n. to palpitate, to pant. i_'Sr^, ^«&. (H"f^:) piety, faith. I— 1 5" gjy, 7H/7W. ten ; marked thus, lu : sometimes used in- definitely^ fl.s l_i gr sy LJ G L-i ^:» a number of persons. \^W SJ^ ^ SVj see L_! /Vp AQ/ ^ A9 ^. L-'LU6rorLD, &uh. ((^'^lOT) a journey. 1—1 LU rg G S" (5t5r, t/e/*. i'. 2ij;Ae7Z i/^erf separately, it has only the past tense ; but it is generally employed in conjunction with the a^ixiliary verb @^Ui^ aq ^, or the verb i_ (^ ^ tomi'i I feared. i^'LULO, ^ub. (M^t) f'^^''- z 2 172 LJUS&9 sub, grain of various sorts, as growing in the fields, legumes or pulse. i_io-LD, adj, (Cf^) great, grand; never used but in composition. !_) cr LD rr /^ ^ c5br, sub. a simpleton. i_j o" rr ^ ©, sub. inattention, careless gaping, absence of manner. LJ rr> 9> nr e= u?, written also lj rPuj rr 0= ld, sub. ( mR^'^IR": ) a joke, drollery, pleasantry, mockery. L_j rf^ e= G ^ 5" i^j 5^^- ( ^f<8(<^ ) total destruction ; used adverbially, with a negative, it denotes positive refusal, and may be rendered absolutely not, positively not. LJ rf^ LD ovT LD, sub. ( Cff^sq^; ) a pleasing odour. L_jrf^Lua3 gr LD, sub. (^^^?rf) a boundary, a measure; adv, until. i_iav, adj. different, several, many. L-j aviotjT, spelt also Lja\DLD, profit, advantage, reward. LjyiLD, adj. old, /rom ljO'o^'Ld, age. i_j yi LD, sub. a ripe fruit. ljO'22)5") sub. a hay or straw band. uO'ljmj sub. a brown colour, properly the colour of dead leaves. LJ 02) !=P Lu ^>, vineikkoorrippoo or conjugated derivative, from i_j(^62)Ld; what is old, not recent, ancient; cold rice boiled the preceding night and usually forming the morning meal. u osTT L_i ovT, a natural word, expressing the glimmer of twilight, the glitter of a spangle. L_' oVt ovt ld, sub. a hollow, a valley, a depth, a hole. 173 Lj/v^'di^jHD mJ — i-J^ r^d^ <5^ — LJ A9LJ G L-i 6^i i^-n. to fly. LJ /vp ^ ^ A9 ^ — LJ ATp gr G S" (5br — l_j atp lu G i— i ot, i'. r/. to obtain possession by seizure; to pillage; to cull ; to pounce on. LJ /^/V?a3)cy^-i^^A9sy — i22)d lj lj rr 0. i_j rr ^ ^ Lu LD, sub. ( ^7^5J" ) happiness, good fortune. LJ n- ^ (^, sub. betel nut, the fruit of the u> {^^ © or Areca (Areca Catechu). LJ IT Q", sub. suffering, pain, misfortune. Ljrr Q> ^/Y) mJ — 1—1 ^ I— gL G (5^ c5br — l_j rr (5> G c5\-J obr, r. a. to sing. L_'rr "1 LD LJ rr 1 LD n- lu lj G 1— J iJ-i ^ aq ^, to rain in intermitting showers. L_! rr 1 (r)br, s?/^. a grandfather. L_' rr ^, sw6. a part, the half. L_i rr Lu, sub. a mat; a sail, which in India is frequently made of matting. L_i n- LU ^ A9 ^ — !_j rr LU r5 G S" (5OT — L.' rr lu G a\-i OTj '^'' (f- and 7?. to strike upon, to play upon (as a water engine on a fire), to leap upon (as a tiger on his prey) ; to flow ; to be mixed or shot (as one colour with another in a cloth). L_irra-LD, sub. (^J"^:) a weight of twenty ^av>n-LD; weight in general, importance. 174 i_i rr rf= e= LDj sub. (TiTTT: ) the side; (yuav)^/ L-'nr rf^e=Lb, the right side. L_' rr rf ^ ^ /v) ^ — LJ rr rr gr G gr (5br — LJ it r^CjQLj ^br, t;. a. to see, to notice, to examine. L_' rr 2/m3, sub. a kind of parasitical plant (Asclepias volubilis). i_' rr &sD, sub. milk. L-S" L_gL ^ ^ A9 s/ — lJ" l_ipl g- G S" cbr — i^i^j^ lj G lj obr, i^. or. . to seize, to lay hold of, to catch. 'uS&n^^AO mJ — lS (5^ /ix/ ^ G C5OT obr — Li" 6^ ■'h/ G o\J (5br, 1?. n. to pluck out, to depose, to turn out. L-S (SOTT LD, 52^6. a corpse. L-? 5^ 4? AQ/ ^ A9 s/j sp^^^ «^^'o L-? 5" 5* sy ^ A9 sy — ls g- ^ /vp G (5^ c5br — L_? S" i^ AQ/ (2 (Tu (5br, t'. n. to talk in- coherently (as one in a delirium). lS" g- nr, S2/6. ( f^r{^ ) a father. i-S r5 ^ ^ ^ mJ — L^ CB g=^ G (5^ (5t5r — U? rs S/ G (5U c5br, f . n. to be behind. L_S a- L£5^ ^ ^ iV} ^ — \^rr\j^^ d^f^ — L-StuJ^lL-GI— '(56r, r. a. to astonish, to astound, to amaze. \JS nr rr LD 6OTr obr, sub. ( ^7^(J[: ) a brahman. LJfc5V)^S, cr natural word, expressive of the sound and force of a blow; whack! L>? 22) i=P ^ 0?" A9 S/ — L^ 22) L:^ 5" G 5" (5tJr — lS" a3)y:iLj G i_J(5br, ^;. 72. to gain a livelihood, to subsist ; to recover from sickness. i_?A9(g, sub. the after part; used adverbially, behind, afterwards. 175 lS* /v? ^ ^ A9 ejy — iS AO r5 Q>W OT — LS ^ lj G lj out, v. n. to be born, to spring, to proceed, to arise. lS /v) u <^ s= LDi sub, {^^^) the world, all nature. LJ* AC) LJ L_J (P ^ A9 65/ LS ^ LLJ ^ LJ G Ln O^T 1_? AQ LJ !_«■ © Ga^_i(5tjr, t;. 7l to set out on a journey. L_S'A9Lun-e=LD or lS o- lu rr b= ld, sub. ( j^^|^: ) labour, trouble, pains. lS" A9 lIj L_i, sub, birth, nativit}'. lJ* /^ L_j rr (P, postposition, governs a dat. after, since. L_? AQ/ LD n- (srfer Ln Lb, 5wZ>. ( 5j^|ii|ZJ ) mightiness, grandeur. iS^^Oo^i sub. a rent or fissure. 1-? OT, postposition, behind, after; governs a genitive or dative. lS* abrL_i» sub. what is after or behind ; often used adverbialhj. LS^obrcyun-z-R/^/v}^, comp. ofiSd^, and g^^ rr m f^ aq ^ , q. V. to retract, to intermit, to recede. L? OT /v^ ii3 © (5\j rr rf-, sub. a crupper. iS abr zr^m; adv. moreover ; often used in conversation as an expletive. iS/^^AOSJ — u? A^P G (5^ (5br — iS /n/ Q> o\j a^i i'- u- to tear, to rend. L_l ST O" ^ l£> Wt written also l_j ^ ilp f^ aq ^ — l_i e? yi rp Q 5" (5br — M ^ O' G . praise. L_j 22) ^> sub. smoke. L_j 22) ^ 0v> AQ 657 — M 22) 95" 1:5 G S" (5br — l_| 22) 0> G c5^-J (5OT, i". //• to smoke or emit smoke. L_j 22? ^ ^ ^ A9 sy — I— ) 22) ^ S" G 5" (5tyr — l_; 22) ^ ^ G '-_' OT, V. causal, to cause to smoke, to expose to smoke. 176 V, a. to bury, whether a corpse or treasure. L_| 22) ^ Li5 2/(TO, sub. comp. of l_|S2) ^> ?• '^« ^''^ @ 2»/^5^, a leaf; tobacco. M <5OTr 6otP Lu LD, sm6. ( ^d^ ) virtufi, a good action. i__i^, adj. new. m5"^j s"^- (^f^O sense, wisdom, understanding. '__, g- ^ LD n- (5T5r, sub. ( ^rf%Jn*T,) ^ ^^^^® ^^ sensible man. [^o- (5isC5 ^^ sy — '— I T6wyr G ^^ (5br — m ^ 0SvC5 G c5\-J (jtr, i;. 7?. to roll about, to wallow, to burst its banks (a river). m0 2lj3c5^, sub. (tj^^:) a husband. ^^Qo-rr^^ LD, sub. a prophecy or thing predicted. '_jG^n-^^(5br, sub. (^Xtf^rT:) a family priest, or an astrologer who predicts lucky and unlucky days, and details the circumstances contained in the Lj °^ 9= rr rRj ^ Co or almanack. i_^ onS, sub. a tiger, any animal of the tiger kind. '__, oo or L_j on:) q^, sub. grass. L^^um^ rr rr gror ld, sub. comp. of \_\/v)ld, the exterior, and Es n-rr ^oot ld, c^| established custom; a certain sect. " Ordinairement on distingue deux sortes de 5=22)LDLu LD sans qu on sache bien sur quoi se fonde cette distinction. Les six interieures sont, &c. see the word 2_ ' j e= 22) ld lu ld. Les six sectes ex- 177 t-erieures sont, t, G <7V) /r ^ n- m ^ ld, peu connue. 2. i_j5"5" /:^> secte de Buddha. 3. &^LD6^sm- &, secte, aujourd'hui fort odieuse, qui adore sli oc^ k- cjbr : c'est de cette secte que sont sortis la plupart des livres de sciences. 4. u5* ld n- .'1^ g> 2_c ld. 5. lj <^ e= /x n- g- ^rf=^, secte de la cinquieme nuit, parceque, lors qu'il y a cinq vendredis a un mois, ils celebrent la nuit du cinquieme avec de grandes abominations. 6. ld^tlu crun-^LD 35- LD, secte des phantastiques qui n' admettent rien de reel, excepte peut-etre Dieu." M.S, Did. i_iA95"^ or lS*/v:>5"^j suh. the outward side, abroad, not in doors ; used adverbially^ elsewhere. i_jA:)(^^^.n-r5g^a-LD, sub, comp. of i_| A9 ld, q. v. and (^^ 65- /T rg ^ o" LD, q- V. an extraneous origin. L_jiY}LD, sub. aside, the outside^ L_j (5OT a\D, sub. water. [_j), sub. a flower. \_ijrk/5>nr<5\ja^LD, sub. comp. of\^r%>^n-, a flower garden, and (Tua^LD, ^^, a grove ; a garden in a grove. L_t) GP (5of> ^ ^ n- Lu, sub. a gourd, a pumpkin (Cucurbita hispida. Tknnb.). L-i) er 0?^ A9 SJ — L_i) ^ Q<^^ 0br — L_tj Br Q> comp. of \^, q. v. and G 35" 'J'j a car ; a car or litter adorned with flowers for removing the dead. L^rfBi^^ SJ — U? /^ ©■ G 5" d^ — Lj) rfLLjQLJ (5br> V. a. and n. ( Tjx ) to fill ; to rejoice. Gui 6tfer, sw6. a damsel, a woman ; the female of quadrupeds. G L_j 6t5ur (S^, sw6. a woman. G Lj uu ^ ^ ^ — G LJ Lu G 5" c5br — G lj lu G (Tuobr, v. w. to shower down ; ld^^^Qljlu^ao ^, to rain ; LJ (5^ G LJ LU ^ /Y5 s/, the dew to fall ; o^ g- g=^ a- Lo G UJ LU ^ /y^ sy* -^«^- mingere, G LJ LU O", sub. a name ; also frequently used for 2i person ; though, when it has this meaning, it is more correct to spell it G L-J ^. G LJ rp er or G LJ 'i^ ^j vineik, what is great, from G lj o ^LD, sub» greatness; adj. G UJ rf^ lu, great. G LJ cc^ ^ ^ A9 s/j sync. for Qlj<^^(^^^ sj — G lj c:^ e? ^G(5^(5br — G LJ Qsr ^ © G o^J abr, r. «. to multiply (in arithmetic); to sweep. G LJ q:^ L£) LD, sub. greatness, bigness; adj. G lj (tj Lb. G LJ (r? CP^ ^ Or, sz^6. co7wp. of G LJ q:^ LD, 5'. t^. and Cp° e= Bf j an inspiration ; a sigh, GLjav)LD, sw6. (^^) force, power, strength. G LJ AQ/ ^ /V} S/ — G LJ /^ G A9 (5br — G lj /io/ G cru cjnr, f . a. to obtain, to beget; to bear (a child); to be worth; adj. (TxS^ju^Qi^^^i valuable. 179 Gi-J3r or Glj e=Bf» suh. a word, a speech, a rumour. G Lj e? ^ A9 mj — -(S LJ ^ G 0^ (5^ — G Lj 5r C cyu d^y ^- «• to speak, to talk. G LJ l£j (22) L3, sw6. the suburb of a fort, a bazar, a village. Q LJ Gism) ^ /so ^ — G LJ 6OTf^ G (7^ d^ — G Lj csn^y G C5^ (5t7r, 15. a. to cherish, to nurture. G L_J C22) 5"» 51/6. an idiot, a fool. G L_j c2) BT 02) LD^ 5w6. folly, simplicity, idiotism. Ql^&, sub. a person. . $22) LJ, stt6. a bag, a sack, a purse. Gi— in- g=^, suh. a bullock-bag ; an ox-load. " A Mysore, c'est une mesure de grains qui contient trois g=av)^ C22) ^" M.S. Bid. G LJ >r Lu, suh. a lie, a falsehood. G LJ n-rf^^ ^ AQ mJ — G LJ rrrf^g- G 5" <5br — G lj rr rf^ lj G LJ (5br, 1^. «. to hatch, to sit on eggs ; to iry. Q>LJrrcr^qj^^/0 SJ — G LJ rr Q[5 IB g^ G <5^ OT — G LJ ^ O r5 £5/ G a\J (5^> ^- n. to agree (respecting wages); to consent. Gi-jn-a^tTon-LliLj, sw6. evil, a mishap. G LJ rr (^ ^, sw6. the sun ; time. GLjrrA9^^iV?s^ — GLJn-A95-G5"(5t5r — G LJ n" a9 lj G '■_' (5br, 1). a. to brook, to endure; to pardon. G LJ rr obr, suh. gold, a gold piece, a Pagoda. G LJ /T ^ AQ s/ — G LJ rr G CJ^ (5tjr — G lj rr G (Tu cjtr, v, n. to go. A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 109. 2 A 2 18Q G LJ -n- ^ ^ obr, sub. a traveller. G LJ nr^ ^ /V9 s^ — Ui^Qc^obr — B> (gj Q> (TU aw, V,. causal,. to make to go, to make to pass (time). G Lj /T ^ (gr, si(b. an excuse, a frivolous excuse,, an evasion. Q LJ rr 9= our Co, sub. (>n3f«t) food, a meal. . QLjrr &^/^ Sy— G LJ rr ih Qisn obr — Q LJ rr (5^ (2 o^j <5br,. t;. a. to throw; to place. A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 306. Qljit ^, sub. time ; med ddejiy in composition. A. G; Sect. 152. Qlj/t ^ LD» V. def. Srd pers. neut. fut, it is enough. A. G.. Sect. 82. G I— ' ^ LD Lu Lu nr, phrase, go to, friend ; Lat. agedum. Qljit^^ rD W — G LJ /T crrg 5" ^ — G U-i n- o" ld, I?, impers.. to be sufficient. G LJ n- /T 22) (yu> sub. a covering, a cloak, a cloth ^ the end of a cloth. GLJn-av) — GLJ/Tcy^ — Glj/tGov% 2w^w. wserf adverbially^ from the obsolete verb Qi^ir c^ ^ aq ^, to be like ; like. LD u: cjbr, sub. a son ; ld m ovnr, a daughter. LDK-rr, adj. (^^T^orTf^j) great, grand, mighty. LD^SSJLD, sw^. ( ^' f^^ \ ) dignity, grandeur, glory. L£)f^LA^^S/orLD^O'^A9 ^ — L£) ^ yi TB G 5" obr — LD ^ O" G (Tu obr, V. n. to rejoice. LD^i^e=6P, sub. delight, pleasure. L£) L3 lLi Lj o^rr a\rf^^ si^6. the kitchen of a Pagoda or Choultry. 181 in La Lb, sub, (K^;) a sort of convent, where holy men dwell together retired from the world. LDL_g., sub, the lap, the bosom ; Lot. gremium. LDL-iJ-^/V}^ L£) L-p. rg G S" OtJT LD L>9. G (TU OT, V, 71. tO die, to perish. LD^Laijuabr, sub. sl dunce, an idiot. LD'Le., sub. a simpleton. UD Lb (5^, sub. a hmit, a bound, a measure. A. G. Sect. loO. LD(SOTr ^ ^ A9 ^ LD dCfTJT rg G S"- c^ — UD <53Cr LU G Lj cjbr, x^- «. to smell sweetly, to emit a sweet odour. LD 6t5ur Lo, st/6. an agreeable odour. LD<5m, sz/i. earth, ground. I-D ^ ^ ^ /v? s; — LD ^ S" G 5" (3tjr — LD ^ lU G LJ c5br, o. a. to estimate, to appraise. LD s" ^ LU n- 0^ LD, sub. ( JT^5^T^; ) noon. LorB^TLD, sub. (Jf^:) a spell, an incantation; a prayer. m uu ^ ^ LD, sub, a swoon ; a reverie, a bewildered or bewitched state. LDO~LD, sub. a tree, timber, wood. LD ON? fill, sub. cheapness, an easy ra^e. loo\Do, verbal sub. an arrest ^ a detention. ^ LD AQ/, gJ/. another, the next. . LD/vy^^/y^ ^ — LDJvy 5" G S" O^ — L£) a^/ lj Q [_j (jbr, V. a. to oppose, to disobey, to contradict, to reject, to refute,. LD/vy^^, vineiyech. used adverbially , from \j:>jn^m^££)^i q. V. anew, over again. ld^j/Gldh- y?, sub. comp. of ld^O^j q-v. and GLcn-yp^ a word ; an answer. LDiV3/(5i|g-g-/TLDj sub. comp.of i£)/vy, q.v. and ^ s'S'Ttbi 3^"^ ; an answer. LD ^2) A9 e5" ^ A9 ^ — LD 02) A9 5" G 5" otjr— LD22)^ LJ G LJ(5br, t;. a. to conceal, to hide. LDa^j^6xi, verbal sub. shelter, concealment. . i-i LD^^, adj, other, the other. "j LD (3^ ^ O" Ol/ ^ A9 ^, see @ Cr rRy ^ /v:) ^. LD o^ LD, written also ld c^t ei=- or ld 6^ s/, ^w&. ( j[?f ; ) the mind. LD 22^ 2_c> (5br, written also ld (5^ S" c5br or ld ^2^ S7 dbrj (jf5T^:) a man. LJos/cTOTLu n-M_o., sz/i. /roTW loz/^^^n", a house; the woman of the house, a housewife, a wife. LD 2/^j^^ cTi-S", sz/^. /rom LD2/a7rr, a house; a housewife, a wife. LD(5br^^(5^ ^/v? ^ — ■ LD (5br ^^ l>i5l G <7^ (5br — ld o^ ^ & G o^-i (5br, V a. to beseech, to entreat. • LD n- nv ^ 2_a ld, sub. ( Jf jq" ) flesh, meat ; applied also to the flesh of fish. 183 .Itp /T (5>, sub, an ox, a cow. LD /T Lj ©» eT" /v:> m^—LD n-^ixQcy^ d^ — LD n- lj S* G (Tu C5tjr, tJ. w. to be entangled, to adhere, to catch. LDiTibQm c5t3r, neg. v. 1st pers. sing, from ld n- tb 6> ^aq sjy, to be able and willing; I will not A. G. Sect. 79, and Note in Page 89- t£) /T 5" ^ a- LD, adv» {^J^) only. A. G. Part 1 and 2 of Sect. 151. LD /T LD fF LD, sub, ( ^J^ ) flesh, meat ; applied also to the flesh of fish. LDiT Lu^ AO W — LD nr LU CB G 5" d^ — LD H" lu G C5^-J obr, r. 7i. to languish, to die. jjD /T cr L^, 5/?e// also ldt rf-^ $ub, the breast, the chest. l^ 0> sy LD, wj/f/i. mth the particle 2 ld, tised adverbially, from L£P ^ CD,W^ to increase ; greatly. U5^ *^ er s?^ ^ S^ — L^ *^ ^ G c5^ cjbr — uJ^*^ e? G o^-j obr, t'. w. to increase, to exceed ; to grow proud. U5^ 5" 6^ f^ A9 sv — Liy' 5" rs G 5" c5br — U5^ S" il' G LJ our, v. n, to float (as a raft). uy* ^ ^ fl?" A9 W — L£5^ ^ S" G S" otyr — uy> ^ lj G LJ C5br, c. a. to tread under foot, to stamp on. U5^ CC5 ^ LD 5pe/^ also \^ tDJ ^ \lDy sub. ( XTJT; ) a beast, a wild animal. uy* 2;nv) e= e= ctJT, speZ^ fl/50 uJ* G ov) #= ^ (5br, sub, (JT^;) a fool, one who wants common sense. U5*(5tJor©, vineiyech, and U5^ ovTfiij ld, zw;^w. io//i used adverbially, from U5^ o^rj ^ A9 ^, ^f. t;. again. 184 US'a^srB^AOSJ—i^ 6m QL=i cjbr— Ld' c;>£5 Q j (^^S-^a\jn-a-, sub. comp.of ^^^^D.q.v. and a\jrrrf; q. V. a bridle. {^^ ^ LD, sub. (W^) the face, the visage, the countenance; O^ ^ (T? ^ A9 S/, writieti also G LD n- ^ ^ ^ ^—^^ ^ rf- rs G ST c5br — (^^ ^ CC5 G aYj(5br, t?. a, to smell. : CP^^n-r^g^/TLD. sub. an origin, a motive, a cause: aj o^-j (5br (^^ 05r rr rg g^ o" Co, by his means. (SP^^/v?^— O^^rBGS-obr— 0'eg^Go^-)C5b^, v. n. to be complete, to terminate: (^ ^ ca^ ^ rr ov) ld, the time of ending, L e. of death. 1^=" ^ ':^ 5- g: LD, 5;?e/if a/so i^-^^s-ld, sub. (sr^^) ^ fortunate time (for any purpose). (^^9=0^5, spe/^ also ^^lu a\D, sub. a hare. i O' L«Q. or (^^ i__Q.6i4, 5z^6. an end ; also a crown ; the hair fastened in a tuft at the top of the head. - (^L^^/v:^— (^L^r^G^abr— (^L^GoYJobr, t;. n, to finish, to terminate; also to be platted oi^ knotted. G? ©^ ^©, sub. a lane, an alley without a thoroughfare. ' O^ -L-. or (^- •!_ 5u UD, iiijin. used adverbialli/, from, ^^[h& ^/^mJ\ to the end, entirely. : (^'La, verbal adj. cutting or knocking (one leg against another), limping. O^ Lb 02^ La, sub. an egg. • 185 O* sub. the commencement; the principal (of a sum of money); stock in trade; adj. the first; ^^ ^ av) n- Lu, adv. even ; t^p ^^Qu^ rr 6W (5^, beginning with, from: as, @<5br^^/v)^<^(3T ^ ^G^ n- 6duT iS', beginning with to-day, i. e. from henceforth. O" SJ^Sy sub. the back. (^ 6m- ^ rr ^, sub. a turban ; a word in use among Mahrattas and Musselmans. O? r5 ^, vineiyech. from O' r^ ^^ /v) ^, to go before ; used adverbially, before. (^*LLiLJsy, num. thirty; marked thus y rE_LU. ^^i-pLD, sub. a cubit. This word signifies also the elbow or the knee, according as it may be prefixed to the word (22) ^, the arm, or ^ rr g\d, the leg. lE^OJ', adj. whole, entire; (^^QT^ld or i^^ ^ ^ rr lu, adv. all, altogether, wholly. t;. 7i. to spring up, to shoot up, to grow. O? oVt a^^rij, sub. a thorn, a spur, a fish-bone. O^ AQL^obr, s«^. an obstinate or stubborn person. GP /vp ^ A9 s^ — (^^ AcP r5 G 5" otJT — (Lp^ /vp (2 a\_j otrr, r. w. to break. O? A:r> ^ ^ A9 ^ — O? AcP 5" G 5" obr — ^^ /vp Lj G I— ' (5br, t?. fl. to break. (^ /v}/ ^ ^ :^ sy? syjic. for o? /v^/ ^ © ^ /vj ^ — 05^ /nq/ ht {^Go^obr — (^'/n^Ui(B(2 5wZ>. the nose ; also used for the beak of birds, the mouth-piece of a trumpet, the lip of a lamp. (^*e=Br9 sub. an inspiration or inhalement. O^ltk^ot, sub. a blockhead, a fool. (£^ C? ^ A9 ^— CD* 1— g^ G <5^ (5^ — £p" (5^ G c5\j cjtjT, v. a. to cover up, to shut, to close, to conceal. £p°5"^o-LD, sub. (3T^) urine. O^cr^g^, swZ>. (3Tt^: ) a body, a person, a god. (^ 2/m3, sub. a. corner (of a room or building) ; a quarter or Rhumb. (^'(j^rT', sub. deprived of an ear; with a broken neck (a bottle). O^ otJT ivj/, num. three ; marked thus ni_. Gldsts"* odj' niuch, very. Gld Lu, sw6. truth. Gldovtov-t, flJt;. gently. GldS^, sub. a hillock, a rising ground. G LD LU ^ /v? 8jy — G L£) J-J r5 G 5" cycr — G LX) lu G (Tu c5ur, t?. t?. to feed, to graze. 187 C UD Lu ^ ^ AO mJ — G LD uu ^ G gr (5br — G ld lLi lLi G '-J abr, c. fl. to feed (a flock). Q,LDa\s, sub. the upper part; used as a postposition, above, upon, after. A. G. Sect. 147. (2 LD n- Lu ^ ^ AO ^ — G LD n- Lu ^ G 5" O^ — G LD n- lu lj G LJ otjT, V, n, to crowd together, to swarm as bees. GLD/Te=Lb, sub. difficulty, danger; deceit. G LD /^ (5^> written also ^^ u^ (p, sub. the roof of a house. G LD n- (22) L_p, 5«6. a stump, a block : G ldh-^^S) u^ldh- (5>, an ox without horns, or with only the stumps of the horns remaining. LMS"^, sub. (^f^:) sense, wit, attention. Glu n- B- LD, sub. ( ^VT: ) union, conjunction of the stars. G LU n- ^ ^ LU LD, sub. ( ^V5[ ) worthiness, propriety, decorum. rrn-Fprr, sub. ( 1J3TT ) ^ kir>g- crrr, /x rr sm, O-rrg-^rf^, 5/. ('^f^:) night. ejLJLD, sub, (^^) figure, form, shape; Jieuce beauty as, ^LJG?ovTOVTcruo\n", a beautiful woman. (TO T LU LD, sw6. a Stable. 2 B 2 188 GOV) #=02)5=^ G ^(5^5 sub. comp. of G (TV) e= oS) ^. ^sslj, modesty, and Q^ (^, loss ; disgrace, shame, a shame- ful action. G abuse, scolding. (Tlj l__q. ^ /v? ^ — (Tu i_Q. rg G 5" cJtjT — (Tu L-g. G ovj obr, f . w. to transude, to drip down. Go^cj^, «^. fl. to revere, to adore, to salute with respect. ctlj Lu sy or cnj Lu erj sub. age, years (as indicating age): as, 5L|aYJ02y ^G05"5- 5-2/jy^5r(yuLU5r, what age is he.'* LJ S" ^ (Tu Lu Bf, ten years old. cruLUON?, sw6. meadow land, fit for the cultivation of rice. (Tlj lu aq/, 5w6. the belly. (5\J cr, a\j /J-, 2w^7z. repeated, of the verb ovj ej^ a9 s/, 5'. v. zfsecZ adverbially, in the sequel, in the course of time ; continually. (Tu o" eu, sm6. an income, receipt, revenue. (Turf, sub. tribute. 189 (yurf^03)^> sub. order, arrangement, rule, regulation, a row. <5\j q:^ ^ A9 gy — a\J CB G B" (5^ — avj q:^ G (Jvj c5br, v. n. to come; to be attainable. A. G. Part 1 of Sect. 110, and Part 2 of Sect. 106. cruQC^S-^LD, suh. (^^:) a year. OVJ^ Gm G 1-a CjtJT OVJ AQ 0£O G (TU (JOT, t;. ?i. to be parched or dried up, by fire — the sun — a fever, &c. cru43 K" LD, 52^6. (^3J;) a sort or kind. (Tu /Vp g- LD nr c3ur ld, sw6. ( q'^TfpF^) intelligence, news, business. (5\j />^ /vy ^ A9 ^ — (TU /V;? /Vp G (5^ d^ — 0\-i ^D i^ G CTU OT, i?. ?/. to grow dry, to be dried up. (5^ LD, sif i. ( cj |^*^ ) a vehicle, a conveyance. Usually applied to the cars and animals on which 190 idols are placed, and on which the Deities which they represent are supposed to ride. OYjn-o^^ A9sy — (yu rr rk/ ^ Q cur a^ — crun-/iv(gj(2cru(5br, v.a. to receive from another's hand; to buy. A.G. Part 1 of Sect. 110. (5>_jrre=a^, sub, a doorway, a gateway. o\J n- e= SA^TT, sub. an odour. OYJ rr ^ ^ er A9 ^ — (5^ n- ^ g- (2 g- cjbr — cjvjn- ^ lj G i—Jobr, V. a. to read ; to play on stringed instruments. C5YJ n- La cS) ^ or cjvjrro^L^, sub. hire, the letting out to hire. (5\-i n- (22) 5", s?/^. (^Tm) pain, torment. o\-i rr Lu, s?/6. the mouth ; the opening of a bag — of a wound, &c. oxj rr rr, sub. a thong, reins ; those enumerated as be- longing to a saddle horse are o^ ^ ©■ ^ oxj n- /j-, @ A^/f^^cnjn- rj- and grr ^v? l.^) (5tJ7!f^ o\j n- cr, 5'. t7. ovj/Tov), S7/6. the tail, a train. C5\J rr Q^^ ^^AO mJ — O^ n- LJi S" ^ C (5^ (JOT — (5\J n- L>k g- ^ G a^(?OT, t;. a. to praise, to wish prosperity to. ovj n- yi fill, s//^. pleasure, prosperity. crun-AQ/, 5wZ^ a way, a manner; never used alone; gene^ rally in composition with the demonstrative pronoun. o\j rr /V) ^2) g-, spelt also G\-i rr rf- ^ q^T) ^ , sub. a word, a speech. ens ^ ^ A9 ^ LD, sub. ( f^3T^: ) a statue, an idol. cyxs" f?= rr /T SARRTT, sub. ( fq-cj ( <^u| | ) Consideration. ct:l2 B= rr rr LD, sub. ( fqblj^; ) sadness, thoughtfulness, solicitude. 191 CT^ 9^rrrf^^/V) g/ — ctxS ^t rf^^ Q^ dhr — cnS e= rr rf^ lLi Gl-iot, V, a. to think of, to care for; to provide respecting; to enquire into. (5X5 ^ (T? ^ A9 s^ or crxs ^ /yy ^ r:0 mJ — A9 gy — ^TX? L—Q. 03 G ^ cjtrr — <5Xg i ... q G cru cjnr, t?. «. to rise (as the sun), to break forth (as the dawn). (5X5 (S^ 0?* A9 ^ — (5X5 Lb G i-=i )5^ — ^^^i-S" & G (5vj (5br, I', a. to quit, to leave, to abandon; to open (the mouth). A. G. Part 2 of Sect. 109- ens & ^, sub. a caravansary, an inn. cjxS Li3 6* (3X5 ©^ ^ /v) ^, t;. rt. ///€ rcr/> crx? Q^ ^^ ^ fol- lowing its ozrni vineiyech. to abiindon entirely, to set at liberty. (5XS5-LD, sub. (f^^:) a kind, a sort, a manner. (Txs-g^, 5?^*. (fqrl^:) destiny, fate. (n-Sg-^ojg-, sub. (t%?n") an art or science, a craft, leger- demain. . a finger, a thumb, a toe. 192 (TlS rf^ ^ ^ /^ mJ — (Ti^rf^ Q>^ d(3^ — (5:lS" rf^ LJ G LJ(5br, t7. o. to spread, to stretch, to extend ; metaph. to amplify or relate at large. cn-S rf^ 61], siih. extension; metaph. detail. (ns (T^ LDL^^/v) ^1 — (j:l£ qcf ld l? G Ckjt (5br — i^^^u) ^ — (5:1^ yPg-G 5" (5br — (Tis y? LJ G I— I (5tjr, V. n. to open one's eyes, to awake. cnS y? LJ M, sub. a wild stare of alarm ; (tiS y? lu lj n- i LD rr d_j, flJf . staringly, in a staring manner. (5:l5 O" ^ i^ sy — cTi-S (^ r5 G 5" OT — 6zlS (^ G (yu cjbr, t7. w. to fall. 6rLS G^ nv 05^ A9 sy, written also ^^ (^ nv ^ aq ^ — 6^lS O" ^ ^G6^ dur — 6^lS O" ^ ^ G (yu c5br, i;. o. to devour, to swallow up : onlij applied to animals^ or inanimate objects personified. (jxS O" LD M 0^ A9 ^, ztritten better <5^lS ^ ld ^^ aq SJ — C5XS O' LD L.? G (7^ (5^ — (5:15 O' LD M G a\-J obr, v.a. to desire. 193 ^- W' to grow stiff or erect (as the ears of a hare). (n5c25>> 5"^- a question, an interrogation. £5 Gcruc5br, i?. ??. to grow angry. G cyu 1 /^ a\J t oVt, 5z^Z>. cowp. of Q o\j Lb 6^, roo^ or in- definite part, of Q cru ih&^^ sy» to hew, and «H rt^ cyu rr oVr, g^. T. a chopper or bill. GavjM Qa\JG\rf^9 sub. an open field or plain; Gcrui G (Tu ONff* Lu n- Lu, adv. openly, pubhcly. Qa\jih&^^ mJ — G a\J 'UJ. G (^nr cjbr — C cru Lb ©^ G a^ obr, t;. a. to cut, to hew, to dig, to engrave. Go^-jrgrf rf, sub. comp. of Qctuld, contracted for Qa\-}i^LD, from (2 cyu ^ ^ ^, g. t'. and rg* 'f-, g'. t^. hot water. Q(y\j\iSd^, spelt also Qcyvj LULLS a\D, sub. heat of the sun, glare, sunshine. G (Tu ovf^j sw6. an open space, a field ; adj. open, public. 2 c 194 G SW&. a royal tiger. Gcrua!c'La, sz<^. (^^) a cloth of four cubits. G(5\J(22^LD, or w2ore properly G cru erfer (5^ ld, W5eJ zwper- sonally,from G cru 6cJor (P ef' A9 s/j S'- ^- it is necessary, it is desired. A. G. Sect. 78. G (jvj 6tfer Ln rr LD, we"-, impers. verb, it need not be, it must not be, it is not desired. G G o^ c5^j i^'- fl^- to wish, to desire, to pray. G C3VJ '^ 02) o^-ij sub. sweat. Gcrua/^ro, sz/Z>. work, labour, a business. Gcyuayovt, 5?/6. a time, an opportunity, an occasion. GovJAQ/, «r/;. separate, different, other. G o^ .iv^/ L_j Ln, infji. used adverbially, from G o^_' a^/ i_i (5^ ^ A9 sy* to change ; separately. 195 G o\-J (y^ ^ EST nr ovi Lb or Q a\j (jur /^ ^ nr ovi ld, co?np. of G(yu(3Wo\3, heat, a?id k-ztcasld, 9. t'. the hot season. CS) ovj ^ ^ A9 ^ — 02) a\-J 5" G S" (5br — 02) (Tu lIj G i— ' a^> f • cr. to keep ; to place, to lay, to put, to set. 02)cyu5"S^^Gw^oVTC3e^^A9S/> ^'fl' coirip. o/'o^xyug-^/, vineiyech, from 02) cru ^ eS^ aq g/, <^. i?. G72 num. adj. A. G. P. 1 of S. 134. ''^ (g: cr^ ovj n- our 0\j &, sub. comp. of sub. (g; c:^, and ^ <5^ a\_j i-^-f past * For the sake of brevity, the elision of the letter 2 — > according to A. G. S. 13, and the interposition of the letter lu or cr\_J, according to A. G. S. 14, will not again be noticed. A comparison of the words connected together, as in the Tamul text, with the same words separated, as in the Analysis, will plainly shew the application of these rules, which are so frequently used as to make it worth while to dispose of them once for all. t The verbal pagh. ^ (TOT cnJ otJT, ^ (7^ a\-i C3VT, ^ OUT sjy, are frequently added by a pleonasm to nouns substantive : thus, © 03 literally, he who is the Gooroo, i. e. the Gooroo. 2 D 202 verbal 'pagh. masc. from ^^/^^y A. G. P. 1 of S. 113, sing. nom. hon. before the v. ©e^rDg-rrrr. ^ @^ r^ ^ IT &, from @^^^ AQ ^, V. past. Srd pers* sing. hon. A. G. Note in Page 42, and P. 2 of S. 66. II. Five persons/ called^ Matti, Madeiyan, Pedei, Mileichan and Moodan/ were^ as disciples/ to do* service^ at his^ com- manding.^ ^ 2Lj ctlj /x, r. dem. pron. A. G. S. 43, and Note in Page 37, vett. hon. i. c. w. the verbal noun er <5:l£ from erei^^ ao gy, past verbal pagh. neid. A. G. P. 2 of S. 113, sing. dat. case, ^arjvr y?Lu ld, sub. sing. nom. put for ace. gov. by the v. Gf?=LULu; the fin. Lb changed to <^, A. G. S. 31. ^G^lulu, from C GP Lu ^ A? s/) ^- injin. gov. by the v. @ o rj g- nr cr ^ (^rr. LD 'L^ LL-I LOj Lr> (22? Ln LU Q^ LD, G LJ 22) S" U-j LO, U5^ 2/0\) e= f?=23}^Lb, O* Ln 23y Lb ; the five foregoing sub. here used as p. n. are connected by the cop. conj. 2_ lo, which follows each ; they are placed in apposition with ^ a^_i cr, through the medium of the connective vin. srd^/n/' ^6rabr ao/? see I. 2. ^ ^ cn_) /f-, num. deriv. A. G. P. 2 of S. 136, pi. nom, to the 7). @ c:^ rg g- n- d" ^ oVr. ^ ^ 2^ rr ^ ^ ovt rr ^, from ^2_a(5br, sm6. ^/. worn, rendered adverbial by the addition of the infiji.^u^, A. G. P. 3 of S.97. ^©(r^rBg-rr/j-^oVT, from @c5rK-^A9^, ?:?. j?a5^, 3rc? pers. pi. the letter a^_) precedes this word,* A. G. S. 14. * See Note in the Preceding Page. 203 III. These^ all six,- having gone^ on foot' in the ways" of the villages/ to enquire for'' other* disciples,^ in coming'^ again'" to the Mattam/' one'' day,'* in the time'^ of the third'"* watch,""' arrived-' at a'" river'^ bank."" ^ (g(5\j 'f- ^oVt, from (gcruobr, p. dem. pron. pi. nom. to the t;. G g= d^ <^ & ^ ovt. ^ 24 aq/ o^j ^ lDj num. deriv. see II. 7, pi' nom. in apposition with @ c5^_) 'x e? oVr, the particle 2 ld is added to imply totality, A. G. P. 4 of S. 140, the fin. ld changed to /li/, A, G. S. 31. ^ ^ n- our (22) i_=] uu n- ^, from u^ rr a^ 02) L=i> s"^- com p. of ^ nr a\j, and rB(i3)i^> united, A. G. S. 37, and rendered flc?re7-6/o/ by the addition of the injin. ^ es^, see II. 8. *ld4:)a9, adj. ^ ^ 2_Q /T ^ ^ 2/3vr, from ^^ a_Q otr, mh. pi. ace. gov. by the v. (SiS 9^rr n^^ Uy. ^ cyxs 9^rr rf^^ ^, from cn^" f?= rr rf* ^ 0?^ A9 Sy» "i^- ^//A"- go^'« by G f^ (5tjr .^ a- 0> gv-t. '^ ef' ^^ LD n^ ^ ovT, from ^ ^^ ld ld, sub. pi. 120m. vett. A. G. S. 26, i. c. w. the sub. cy^jL^', the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 22. ^ (yu y?, 5ifi. s//?o-. nom. for /. rt6/. ^ G lj nr Lu, from G i-J n- ^ ,^ ^, w'/i. i. c. w. @ a\-i o^ 0? ovx. ^*^ ^ o ld U?, from ^ CQJ LD L4 05^ A9 gy, t'w?. i. c. w. @ cru d- ^ oVr ; this word literalhj signifies, "having turned," but generally corresponds with the English "again;" the in. ^ is doubled, because the preceding word is considered as a w;i. in @, of which, in fact, it is a contracted form, A. G. S. 21. ^^ LD lj S" ^ ^ ©» from ld'j ld, sub. sing. dat. A. G. P. 3 of S. 47. *' C5VJ (Op i2IP u^uSo'^:', L ahl. of a\j(r5 02) 65", a verbal in ^, A. G. P. 1 of S. 1 14, from o\-jc:5 e€^jo s:'- 2 D 2 204 ^'^6hCC5» num. adj. ^^r^n-oVr, sub, sing. mm. used ellip- tically for the /. abl. the fin. oVr might have been changed to dtfer, A. G. S. 37. ^^ 0°c5tjr,^ LD, ord. adj. A. G. P. 2 of S. 147, the fin. Co changed to «^, A. G. S. 31. *^g:rr iDLD^sub. sing.vett. i. c. w. Qf3'T^^o\D, the fin. Lb is dropped, A. G.S.32. ^' G rs rr ^ ^ a\D, from Gr5o-Lb, sub. sing. I abl. A. G. P. 4 of S. 49. ''^o-, num. adj. the in. 6b is lengthened, and the fin. 2_ cut off, A. G. P. 2 of S. 134. ^^ ^^ AQLD, adj. formed from the sub. ^ /vy, the fin. ld changed to nv, A. G. S. 31. ^^ ^ iS) o" ^ (^, from K-os^cr, 5wZ>. s/«^. dat. A. G. P. 3 of S. 47. ^^ Gg=c5br ,:^ /:r w ovT, from Qb=&>o c^j^/)omJi ^. past. 3rd pers. pi. agreeing with ©crud^eroVr, the in. e= is doubled, A. G. S. 19. IV. The Gooroo^ thinking thus:^ ''This' river^ is cruel;' there- fore/ at the time^ that it is awake/ it cannot be passed ;"^ having commanded^' Mileichan/" sent (him)'^ to examine'* the river's'" sleep." ' ©rs ^, p. adj. A. G. P. 1 of S. 60. ' rs gT, sub. sing, nom. ^Q^rn_Q_^i, from G ^ n- (g^ ^2) ld, vineik. A. G. S. 125 and 126, 3rd pers. sing. neut. as a verb, agreeing with r^g^. *^a2)K-Lun- a\:, sing. c. abl of ^ ^^j ^, verbal in ^, from^^AQ^, A. G. P. 1 of S. 118. "c^^ypg- S^e? ^Slo, consisting of (5^ y? g- ^, t;^. from crxs y? ^ ^AQ^, and @ 03 ^ © LD, /«//. pflf/f . from ®c[3^^ao^; comp.part.fut. used for the pres. A. G. P. 1 of S. 92, i. c. w. GouayavTLLS'avi. ^ G o^-i 2/avr ll? crb, from Gavja/ovr, 5?/^. 205 sin ing. I. ahl. A. G. P. 4 of S. 49, the fin. c^d changed to ^^ A. G. S. 36. '^^L=3^^LJLJLa/T ^, passive voice of the neg. V. A. G. S. 76, comp. of 0> i_3 ^ e^, ififin. from 0> L3 ^ ^ A9 sy* and lj La n- s^, ?je^>-. v. Srdpers. neut, from L_i(P^A9^. ^6r(5br/v3/, see I. 2. '"' (gj q:;^ c5\j a- o^ ovj d", see I. 4, 7«om. to the v. cjx^i n- cr. ^"Liy'2ym3e=e=2AT75r, from Li5^2/a\De=^(5br, j?. w. ace. ^^ 6r ^- pQ^t 3rd pers. sing. masc. hon. agreeing with (groiJcyu/TcjtjrG^ja". V. For this purpose/ when he had kindled'' fire' in a tobacco leap chooroot/ carrying along^^ the firebrand,^ which he bore" in his hand/ without approaching*^ the river/- standing" afar off/* stretching (it) forth/*^ he" immersed'^ it" into the water.'' ^ ^ m ^ ^, from si| s>', '*• ^f^^- pf'on. si?ig. neut. dat. A. G. P. 5 of S. 47. ^@(5\J(5br, see III. 1, sing. masc. nom. to Q^ rr^lj^^ rr c5br. '"i^Q^muS 2/ov), sub. sing, vett. i. c. w. ^^'is).\-i^^, from L_' a:? ^ 23) (5^-J ^ ^ ^ S^'> ^- ?^//f''- or rm. of the pr.v. 206 used for vin, of the past. A. G. Note in Page 120, the in. lj is doubled, A. G. S. 18. '^ o2) ^ ll? cjv), from a^m, sub, I. ahl. the in. w is doubled, A. G. S. 22. ^STrg^cjOT, from errBSJ^ £D^, past. part. i. c. w. G ffi- /t oVr o\rf^ ^ ^Lai2)L=i52)i-u» A. G. P. 1 of S. 92. ^ G^n-GvToW^^^ij ^22) L3 02) u-Jj from Qu> IT oVt c3>rr ^ ariJn 22) i^? swZ>. sing. ace. ^^ Q^ IT 6tfer (5^ G i-j nr Lu, from Qu^ rr &m & Qi^rr ^/V)mJi vin. Q^ rr 6Sm 6", from Q ^ rr qvt <3$£3 ^ CD W-> and vin. G LJ rr Lu, from G i—i nr ^ aq ^, co/wp. t;m. i. c. w. @ oyj (^br. "5^02)573 see V. 1, Gcc. gov. by G ^ ^ lu gr g- n- (^br. ^'^ ^ ^ 02) /v^j see IV. 12, occ. : in this instance, as the rule A. G. S. 14 is not observed, the vowel ^ is written in its initial form. ^^24 sror Ln nr ^, from 2L|6Ty?Tr© ^ aq ^, neg. vin. A. G. P. 1 of S. 75, i.e. w. @ a\j (jbr. ^* es/r cr ld, 67/6. used aclverhially^ the fin. ld is dropped, A. G. S. 32. ^^ rS*(y(JT ^^i from rg^ 49 e^ /v? ^, tvVi. i. c. w. @ cyu (5br. **'5r'LQ., from 6r iJ:: 6* ^ A9 ^, t'iw. also i. c. w. @a\j(5br. ^'^ ^ 6TRTr 6Trof° rf^ G c^j from g- eror dctrf-^ /x, sw6. si«^. /. 06/. ^^Q>^n-\ij^^rr (jbr, from G gr ^ lu K" ^ /v? ^, v. past. 3rd per s. smg. tnasc. agreeing with @a\J6br. VI. He who was called^ Mileichan,^ perceiving that'^ as soon as* he immersed it,^ the water^ smoked^ with a hissing noise/ ^ hurry- ing,^'^ stumbling,^^ falling^" (and) running," exclaimed,'^^ "Sir! >Sir!^*it is not^^ now^' the time^*' to pass^Hhe river :^^ it^*^ being awake,"^ as soon as"* I" touched it,-^ hissing"*^ like"^ a poisonous^^ serpent,-^ smoking^'^ in fierce rage^^ (and) leaping/^ it is indeed*" a wonder, ^9 that saving^^ (my) life,^^ P^ escaped^^ from the fury with which^* it opposed^^ me."^^ ^a— Lu 207 ^ G ^ n-Lu ^ ©•, see V. 18, pasi part. i. c. w. :^_, u ot. (5br, siiig. nom. used elliptically, for the /. ahl. to denote celerity, A. G. P. 3 of S. 149- ^ g- (Sror (Srof /:^, 5m6. 5m^. nom. to the verbal pagh. l_i 225 ^ CB S" S^> A. G. S. 117, the in. ^ changed to a9, A. G. S. 33. * er /v^ d^, a natural, indeclinable word, A. G. Note to Page 85. ^ 5r(5br /NQ/, connective vin. see I. 2. ^ i_) 02) 05- r^ g- ^, from i_j (22) ^ ^ A9 ^, pas^ verbal pagh. agreeing, in its capacity of V. with g- <5TOr6OTf» /r, and, as a 7io?m, 7?om. for ace. gov. by ^ 6rfer (5^, A. G. P. 1 and S of S. 1 17. '' b> sm- (p, from B>rr6m-^/Y)m^, vin. i.e. w. L£y2/mDB=9=(5br. ^ Li5^£/m3e=0=(5br, see IV. 10, ?iom. to srabv^a^. ^ ^r (5br l_j o\j obr, from 6r c5br 05^ A9 ^, /w^ verbal pagh. si?tg. nom. masc. in appo- sition with L£P2/m3e=(?=(5br, A. G. P. 5 of S. 117. ^^ljs-/v:P, from Lj g- A2/ ^ aq s^/, t?m. i. c. w. LtP a/ms e= ^ obr. ^^ 5" cnJiVJ^j from g- oyj Ny ^ ^q ^, t'w?. also i. c. w. LI? 2/TO e= Gf= c5br, the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 21. ^'^cjxS'O' r^ ^, from ct:5l£0?^ aq s/> ^'^- also i. c. w. LtPa/ov) 0=g=(5br. ^^ ^ L-i?., from 6h ® ^/v? s/* ^«'^- also i. c. w. \j^ ^/^ &= e= c^. ^*^Lun-avjLULun-, sub. sing. voc. in the reiterative form, from ^LU(5ur and ajLuu-K^br, which two modes of spellingareused indifferently. ^^ /:b ^a2uu, see IV. 2, gcc. gov. by the v. ^ La ^ ^. ^^ ^ L3 ^ ar, from ^ La ^ ^ :A9 ^, i'. i;?^*/?. gov. by the sub. gr /v^ cyu rr lLj, the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 20. ^^©ljGljit, adv. A. G. P. 2 of S. 152. '^g/v^/oun-uLi, sub. sijig nom. to ajcjbr/vy. ^^ sliot aq/, defect, v. 5rd pers. A. G. S. 80, agreeing with g- aq/ a\j n- dj. **^2L(S-y, see V. 1, nom. to the j?fl;f . 5r g^^ ^ gr g-, which, with the fol- lowing noun, has a verbal capacity, according to a peculiar 208 construction, whereby the force of the relative, otherwise wanting in this language, is conveyed: thus, /j n-^br Lj n- /x s" ST cn_? Lb (5» ^ @, "to the house which I saw f aj 6 ^ C5tjr 2/^ror Glu^'J-^s-Go^-J© orf^ ^ @, " to (or from) the rage which it opposed to me/' ^^ cnj" i-^^^ ^ rd S/> see IV. 5, cpwp. lym. of the past. i. e. w. fij S/- 13 rr (5ur, pers. prow. sz7i^. nom. G^ t i , from Q,^ rr Q>^ Ao ^, past part, being, as to its verbal capacity, in regimen with r^rrabr, and in its adj. cha- racter i. C. W. 2__ L3 G (5^- ^^ 2_ La G C5^j scc VI. 2. '^ r5 B=Br, adj from rs <^ ef-- ^^ r^ n- k- ld, sub. sing. nom. for ace. gov. by the particle G l-J n- G ov). ^'^ G t-J n- G o\3, properly the root of the v. G i— ' ^ c^^ ^ aq ^, here used as a particle of similitude, A. G. P. 2 of S. 100. ^^ ^ a:P ^ S/9 froi^ ^ i^ ^^^ mJ» 'vii^' i- c. w. 24 ^. ^^ 5r rf^ G ^ 'T" LJ 5" g^ av>, from 6r rf^ G ^ ^ l-J ld> /. a6/. the fin. ov) changed to 4:?, A. G. S. 36. ^^ l-i 02) ^ rg ^, see VI. 6, i^m. i. c. w. SL| ^. ^^ LJ n- Lu rg ^, from i_j rr lu ef* /v> gy, vin, also i. c. w. sq s/- ^^ <5r ot ays^JT, see VI. 22, ace. ^^ <5r ^ a- s- S", from 6r g^ cr ^ 0?^ /v? ^, ;?a5^ par/, in its verbal capacity agreeing with 24S/» 3,nd as an adj. quali- fying the following word. ^Qg\^^ ovrr ^ S ld, from Gtyu^GvP, sub. sing. dat. gov. by the verbal g- lLi l? (5<3r G 5"' ^^ r5 rr (sbr, see VI. 22, nom. in regimen with ^ lIj lJ* (5^ G 5"- ^^ s^LiS o", sw6. wow. for ace. gov. by Li" 02) kP 5" s/- ^^'^ u? 02) i=P S" ej/, from L^a2)yie^B?^A9sy> rm. i. c. w. r5 rr (jbr. ^^ g- lJ l5'(5OT G S", from g- lLj i_) 0?^ /v? ^, pas/ verbal pagh. as a verbal, in regimen with rg rr (jbr, and, as a noun, sing. nom. subject of the sid). v. understood; the 209 emphatic pa7iicle GT is added, A. G. S. 144. ^^szj^Ggpluld, sub. sing, nom. predicate of the sub, v. understood, the fin. LD is changed to rg, A. G._S. 31. ^ g- n-cjbr, emphatic particle, ^^sro^^abr, from er (jbr ^ aq ^, v, past. 3rd pers. sing. masc. agreeing with uP sak) e= e=abr. VII. To that^ the Gooroo,'^ saying, ^° ** What^ can we* do*^ against the divine mind,' we will wait'^ a little''' time ; "" they sat down"" in a flowery grove^^ in the vicinity," which spread,^^ making^* a dark^^ shade." *aj^^©, see V. 1. ^ © o oyj n- (5^ cru cr, see I. 4, i. c. w, 6r (5br aq/. ^ G 5" o^ ^C!3 6i\ 0\rr g- s/ ^ ©, from G 5" cnJ ^ q:? c5ii ovT LO, sub, comp, of G 5" o^ o^j and ^ o eajovTLDi sing, dat, "^ r^ rr ld, see VI. 22, pi. nom. A. G. P. 1 of S. 57. ^<5robr(5^, interrog. pron. used absolulclj', A. G. P. 2 of S. 62. ^G ^uj G (Ttj/TLD, from Gf5=Lu ^ ^ ^/) t;. yi/^ Is^ pers. pi. agreeing with rg n- ld, the fin. LD changed to «^, A. G. S.31. "^ e^^/vy, adj. ^Qr^rrLOi sub. si?ig. nom. absolute, the fin. ld changed to ft.', A. G. S. 31 . ^ ^ rr ^ ^ (T^ L-i Q LJ rr LD, vhu &t t ^ ^, from g> n- sr ^A9S/j and @ e3 LJ G LJ n- LD, from @q[5^^/N9^, €0)np. iLfut. 1st pers, pi. ^°5rc5brAQ/, used for 6r (5^, from 5r(5br eS^ A9^, A. G. Note to Page 120, vin. placed absolutely with (^ (^ ovj rr o'T c>\j o"* ^^ 2L| 6m- a^ i^ iiS aV?, from 2L| 6(m (23) L=3) si^^. si/?jg". /. abl, ^" @ (^j 65cr La, from @ (vj og^ ^^SJi past part, i. c. w. rg^ y^ a^ro. ^^rg^Lpa/tro, from rp i_p o^D, S2f6. s//2^. ace, ^ * G ^ u-J S^'» see VII. 6, ww. i. c. w t=D "^ G ^ -^ 2AJV) LL? a>o. ^^ Lju 0-05 g-, from i^L3 (Tip ^A9S/> 2 E 210 past part, ^^ U) *^ C ^ n- a/ms uS g^, from \^'^QfPiT a/ot?,^ sub. comp. of 1^, and Q^rr a/tro, sing. L ahl. ^'^ 2 05^ ^. ^/T/J-rDSTrCTES- OVT, from 2__ C5Sy3 U> Uy it (r^ ^ AQ ^y V, past 3rd pers. pi. gov. by sli (yu cr ^ oVr, understood. VIII. To pass^ the time^ there/ while^^ each^ was relating^ various^ particulars^ of this* river/ he who was called Matti" spoke as follows." ^ 2L| n^ G ^3 adv. ^ Qljit ^ ^, sub. siiig. nom. for ace, gov. hy Q>i^rr^^. ^Glj/t^^, from Qi^ir^^ aq ^, V. infin. A. G. P. 3 and 4 of S. 73. ^©r^ 5-, see IV. 1, ^r5 ^uSd^i see IV. 2, t;e^f. togh. in regimen with cj^lS'G^' 2_Q ^ 55- aycvT. ^ [-jav), adj. '' cjtLS' G ^ a^i ^ ^ a/^vr, from (5:ir G ^ 24i Lb, 5wZ>. pi. ace. ^ sl\ c5\j c5OT oyj obr, r. JeTW. pron, repeated in a distributive sense. ^ G^^c7\5(3NS^G^n- defer ©<5^-J(r5LO, comp. of t;in. Gep/Ta>oONS, from QB^rroKsQ^ ^ ^ gy, m. Q>^ rr 6rmv (^, from Qu^ rr oVr oso ^ a^ ^, and Z^^^. joor^. a\j e^ ld, from o\j ^ ^ ao mJ> A. G. P. 2 of S. 106, comp. part, in its verbal capacity, agreeing with 24 a\j G^ avj (5br, and, as an oJ;. in regimen with 5l| csvt (5:1^0x5. ^^ SL| o\rr (5:i_s 0x5, from 5l|ovt(5ii, /. abl. A. G. Note in Page 136. " ld 'lq. G lu c5br lj (Tu our, see VI. 8 and 9. ^^ G 0= ^ c5t3r an? s" rr oyj ^, has the same force as Q&=- rr d^ (jm- ^, the termination ^a\_j^ being redundant, A. G. P. 5 of S. 117, from Qb^ rr o\d qo/ ^ ao ^, past verbal pagh. neut. as to its verbal capacity, i. c. w. ld'lql GLU(5br Ljo^-jobr, and, as a substantive, nom. to the sub. v. under- stood. 211 IX. "I have heard^^ my^ Grandfather/" many, raany^ times* relate," both* the cruelty' and^ artfulness' of this* river.'^ • ^@r5^, see IV. 1. ^r5^LL?(5br, see VIII. 5. ^ (^ mr^ rr LD, suh, *2 ld, co'p, cojij. the fin. Co changed to rg, A. G. S. 31. ^S"r5^a"LD, sub. ^2 ld? cop. conj. (^aqa'O" ^ LD and s" r5 ^ a~ (Cp^ LD, used in nom. for ace. under gov. of Q>B^rro\:)(y\:). '^ lj 4? lj ox?, adj. ^ (3P^S)ao, sub. si?ig. rmm. used elliptically for pi. L abl. ^erobr, from rsn-obr, see VI. 22, Dett. togh. ^^i_j/tm d^^ sub. smg, nom. placed absolutely with the i?tjin. Q ^ rr o\d ov. ^^ (Z^rro\D ovi, from G ^ rr a>o c^j/ ^ ao gy, t'- iujin. or r/«. of the ;?rcs. A. G. P. 1 of S. 94. ^^ (2^i~Q.e5^f^GiV?abr, comp. of vin. G ^ li^ (5^, from Q,u>ih^jX) m^* and the sitb. V. pres. ist pers. sing. X. " My* Grandfather,^ it may be,' (was) a great' Merchant.* ^(5rc5br, see IX. 9- ^i—irri (5br, see IX. 10, subject of the sub. V. understood. ^Q(tu(^9 adj. ^cTTi^Lun- Ljrrrf^, sub. nom. predicate of the sub. v. understood. ^^^Slo, from ^ ^ ^ AQ ^, fut. 3rd pers. neut. used intransitively, A. G. P. 1 of S. 104. XI. *' One day," as both^ he* himself and*- his*° companion,** driving*' two^ asses^ laden with' salt' bags,* (and) descend- 2 E 2 212 ing^^ into the mid^^-river/^ were coming along ;" in order to relieve fatigue"''^ a little,*^ as it was^^ the summer'^' season/* they themselves-^ bathed^^ in the cooP^ water,^^ v^^hich was running"'* up to^^ (their) middles/^ and having halted^^ the asses^'* also,^* they washed (them).^^ ^ 2L| (Tu cr, r. dem. proji. masc. si?rg. nom, hon. ^ ^ (vj rs'TOvn-, seelll. 13andl4. ^2—iUL4,sub.vett. "^Qlj/t^, sub. nom. for ace. gov. by 6J-49 /vPoot, the in. lj is doubled, A. G. S. 19 and 26. ^sr^^/vpour, from 6r^/^^Aom^, past part. i. e. w. ^(^^^^u^sfsw. ^@cr(5OTr (p, num. adj. '^ 05- (^ 02) 5" ^ 2y3vr, from er (^ 02) ^» snh. pi. ace. gov. by ^ 'L^ ^ G^ '^<5^(i?. ^5"n-(5br, reflect, pron. in appo- sition with ^o\jrf. ^2_Lb, cop. conj. ^^ 5- o^r, from S" n- 0br, vett. togh. " 0n_ 1 rr ov^, sub. sing. nom. ^' 2— LD, cop. conj. sij (Tu /J-, BT H" (5br and g?i_ m it o^rf are conjointly nom. to (^ c3\rf^ lj lj 'T 'i-O. ,S2) /j- ^ ontt. ^^^lj L-i?. ^ G ^ ^ <5ror (5^, comp. of i;w?. 1^ H-g., from es Lb (5» ^^^, and vin. C^^<5OTr(5^, i. c. w. 24 cru cr g- n- ^o}; rj) g- obr Gn_ Lb Ln nr ovrf^ lli ld. ^"^ 13 (5^, oJ/. the fin. 2 followed by dj, A. G. S. 14. ^^^ /^ Arp a>^, see IV. 12, l. abl. ^^($AofTu^, from @ A^ rk/ 0?^ ^ ^, i;m. same con- struction as €s 'LQ. ^ G ^ ^ <5OTr (5». ^'^ ovj qc^ 03) es- ll? (7b, /. fl^/. of a\j(vjo2?^> verbal from o^jei^^AQ^. ^^@02^l3, 5wZ>. 5mo\. 720W. gov. by LDLJ (5^ LD. ^^ LD Lb S^ LD, properly a s?/Z>. here used as a postposition, A. G, S. 150. ^^ ^ © ^^, from ^(5^^/y:>s/3 pres. part. i. c. w. g- (5cfer ecrof rf^ G crvt. '^ (gro\^a-rD S", from (gjo^f e:?^ A9S/. past part, ^^g-g^ 6c^ rf^ G C5V, from ^ 6OTr 6TOf* a-, /. fl6/. ^^ G 65rn- 02) i^, 67/6. ie/(. ^^rsn-oVr, s^/6. si?2g. nom. placed absohitely 213 "with the i/i^w. ^^e?C0> n-csVrovr. ^^^^^G^'^on/tovt, from ^^ AO ^i ^nd G ^ /^ oVr ogo ^ aq ^, comp. infin. or vin. of the pres. used absolutely. '''** e= /i? /vj/, ot/t;. the in. F= doubled, A. G. S. 22. ^"^ @ stfwv lLi lj n- /v?, from @ ayovr lj lj n- /v^/ ^ aq gjy, 27?/?n. gov. by (g o\rf^ 5- s/- ^^ g- rr rR/ ^ 02^ LD, from srrobr, reflect, pron. pi. nom. coupled by the conj. 2 ld, with the nom. to ^osTf^Lj UJ ^ 'LQ. .^2) d^ B" CSN/T, the in. gr doubled, A. G. S. 22, the fin. LD changed to ^r/, A. G. S. 31. ^^Sc?^/^5"^> from (g csvP ^ ^ ^ sy, t^wi. i. c. w. 5" n- rk/ ^ csVr. ^° kt O* 03) gr ^2j^5vr, see XI. 7. ^^2 ld, cop. conj. the ld dropped; it ought rather to have been changed to rg A. G. S. 32, but it seems to be considered as a syllable of the pre- ceding word. ^" rg^ iio/ 5" ^, from rg^ aq^ 5- ^ ^ aq gy, vin. i. C. w. S" rr /-R' K" csVr. ^ ^ (S^rT' lj lj nr 'lq. .02) rr 5" oVr, from © ovP lj L_i n- Lj (p er ^ gy, pas^ 3rci per5. pi. the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 21. XII. ** Afterwards,* when they passed^'* to the further bank," they perceived,-^ that"- the river^ had eaten'' alP the salt,^ and,^ moreover,*" (that) it had-*' miraculously 'Mrawn out-° and stolen'* all'^ the salt,'" without opening*^ in the least*^ the mouths'* of the gunny bags'^ which were well" sewed.'* ^ i_? c5br M, adv. ^2Lie^wcS)or^(^, comp. of gy for i:y r5 g-, and m q^o-bs <^, from ^o2)T, sub. sing. dat. ^G5=c5brA9, from Q^ (f^ qoj ^ aq ^/^ past part. i.e. w. @L=is-g^av), thein. e= doubled, A. G. S. 19. **@Lag-g^av\ from (gLiiLD, sub. sing. I. abl. A. G. Note in Page lG3. 214 ^ 2-^ LU M> s^^- '^^^^' ^5ra\3av)rrgra2)SrLL|Lb, from' 6ro^o\DrrLD, sub, sing. ace. gov. by g^jbrAo^; for the addition of the particle 2__ld, seeA.G. Note in Page 29. "^ ^£D/, see IV. 12, nom. to verbal pa gh. ^a^ A9sy,and ^c:5>— P-i^^S/- ^^obr/vjej/, from GTobr^Aos/y /;as^ verbal pagh. neut. ^ 2 ld, cop. cot?;. ^^ slj o^scjv) rr ldoV?, from defect, v. slio^sov), t^zVz. used adverbially, the fin. oV? changed to obr, A. G. S. 37- " .3 abr^^Lu, suh. noobr/n^, rendered adverbial by the addition of the vin. !^ Lu, A. G. P. 4 of S. 104, the in. rg dropped, A. G.S. 37. ^^^g-grg^ q:p r5 5", part. comp. of vin. d2) 5" S" S/j from aS)^^ ^ a9 sy> and the part, of the sub. v. the in. g- doubled, ^dj being pro- perly a vin, in @, A. G. S. 21. ^^ G ^ n-tfrnrTc^S) ^, sw^. te/^ ^^ a\j rr 22) uj, from a\j rr lu, sub. sing. ace. ^^ ^ r^ fvy \1D', adv. the in. s= doubled, A. G. S. 20, the fin. ld changed to/]5, A. G. S.31. ^^ ^AOcyurruDO^!), from ^aq^^/v?^, 7ieg. WW. A.G. P. 1 of S. 75, i. c. w. ^^aq/. ^'^fLi^iPL-i g-LDrriiJ, 5wZ>. 24z:^m5'ld, rendered adverbial by the ad- dition of ^Lu, see XII. 11. ^^2_LJL_i, sub. veit, ^^6rc\D (3VI rr LD, stib. nom. for ace. the fin. Lb changed to <^, A. G. S. 31. ^^Qu^iTrf^r5^(5^L£\^(B'9 'vin. Q^rrrf^r3^, from Qg=rrrf'^AOmy, and ra. cjtlSl^cB^, from ^, I', past. 3rd pers. pi. mase. the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 22. 215 XIII. They" rejoiced," saying,^^ *Ha, ha/ since it has seized* this- salt/ indeed it is^ (/i^ is it not?) a great^'' blessing^' that the river'' has left,^ without swallowing,*^ us:'"^ thus^^ spoke'" Matti.'^ *^^, i?iierj. ^©r^s", see IV. 1. ^ 2-_ lj 22) i—'. see XII. 5 * LJ? ©^ ^ ^ ^ G ^ 'T <5^ i—^ Q:? r5 5" ^ c25) G ^% comp. vin. lS(S"^^» from u?^'1^^ii9sy, vin, Qu> n- 6^^, and @ (TiD CB g- ^^ .55) (S ov), from @ ej ^ ^ a9 gy, cow/?. /:>rt5/. verbal pagh. c. abl. ^ sli a\3 Gov) /r, defect, v. elioo, with the particle ^, having the force of an emphatic interj. A. G. P. 4 of S. 142. ^ (sr /TC/ 65- a/ovr, see VI. 22, ;?/. crcc. gov. by ctlS '\ mJ- "^ ^:nJ<, sub. sing. nom. to the verbal pagh. crLS'\ ^. ® cn_sOi"^ 0> /TLDcA?, from cn-?Q?''i^0f>Ac>s/> neg. vin. i, c. w. ^^aq/. ^ctxSm svj see IV. 15, verbal pagh. as a i?. agreeing with ^ac^, as a noiin^ subject of the sub. V. understood. ^^LD^rradj. '^^ r^ abr ^^ ld, sub. sing. nom. predicate of the sub, v. understood. ^^^robrAQ/, see I. 2. ^'^ ^ <5\j & u> (Stt^ see XI. 1, pi. nom. *^0=r0 GS"n-a-CLJLJ'i nr/TEF oVr, from e^rg G5"n-2-CLl-'LJ© ^A9Sy> ^'- Pf^st. 3rd pers. pi. ^^ gt abr /^, see I. 2. ^^ LD'LO-, P' n. sing. nom. ^'' G ^ /tot .02) OTj from G^'t, past part. * 2^ lj nr uu g- rs ^0-^3 g^ccj Lb 6^ ^ ^ oVr, 5W&s. of which the last alone has the pi. termination, nam. to r5i^r5^^. ^QlD^^, adv. ^6r(5br, see IX. 9. ''r^rrosrf^ Gov), see III. 14, /. abL the in. rg is changed to ^'i^^. put for imp. A. G. P. 2 of S. 96. XVI. "Whilst^ a* dog," having snapped up^ a morsel of mutton,* which he had stolen,^ (was) swimming^ in the mid^-stream/ the river" deceitfully^^ exhibited^^' ^^ in the water^* another^^ piece of flesh." ^ 65 ejj see III. 13. ^ f3rr dj, sub. sing. nom. to the verbal pagh. QLjrra^^ us a>^. ^ ^(^ i— Ql OOT, from g=^ qc? (5* 217 ^nb, comp. of ^ Lb (B^, veiL togh, from ^ ©, m /vp, vett, and ^ 6OTr 1-3 5" SS) ©■> from e, 6W La ld, sing. ace. gov. by the vin^ u^ sLi (TxS' ^ G ^ ^ ^^ Q'* ^ ^<5h ens ^ Qm rr 6OTr /5>, comp. of wVi. ^ 6ii c5:l?, from ^fiiisu^AQg^', and Qu>rr6t5^Q', see VIII. 9, i. c« w. rgn- lu. ^see XI. 14. '^^4:? acpGov, see XI. 15. ^r^r^^, from rf'/j^^/v:?^, t^/V?. i. c. w. rg IT Lu, ^ G LJ nr (33) ^ llSov), s//?^. /. ahl. (A. G. Note to Page 117) of GLjrra2)^, t'er/;^/ in ^, from Gu^-^/vj^/j as a i;. in regimen with r^ nnj^ the in. lj doubled, A. G. S. 21, the fin. av). changed to /v^, A. G. S. 3Q. ^^ m [^ L3 n- ^, from e? l_j (p, sw6. rendered adverbial by the 2/j^;/. $i ^, A. G. P. 3 of S. 97. " ^ A^/, 7?om. to K-rr 'LCL (5 n- 'La a^ ^. ^'^ g- dror esrof rf^ G ov> see XI. 22. ^^ ^ n- 'lq. chtt gy, from efrn- Lb (p ^ a9 s/> ». past. Srd pers. neut. agreeing with ^^v^. ^^i^ld, con- tracted form of ^ (^ LD, t;. /wL 3/'J pers. neut. here used expJetivelj^. XVII. **'With respect to- the dog/ from its appearing,^ that** what he saw® was/ without' any' deceit/ the larger / having qiiitted^- the piece" which he had snapped up/° when he dived^*"* '^ to snap at" the larger one/' both that and this^' disappeared/^ and-" the dog^^ went-' home" empty:"-* (thus) he spoke.-* ^rgn-Lu, sub. smg. nom. to the part, sij u5^LJi rg g=^(5OT, which, with the following sub. Qx-irr g,', has the force of a verb. ^ ^ G o^ CJbr c^ oxr, comp. of the particle ^, and the conj. mood 6r<^^ aV), from <5r cjbr ^ a9 s^', 2 F 218 A. G. P. 3 of S. 142. ^ ^ (vj, see I. 3. * ^ lj e, suh: sing. nom. gov. by the postposition @ a\:i ov) n- ld onj, A. G, P. 3 of S. 102. ^@a\5 0V)rrLr)a\5, from defect, v, @o\i, neg. vin. used as a postposition, the fin. a\5 changed to 4?, A. G. S. S6. ^ 65- 6OTr i_3 SV) see VI. 7j pos^ verbal pagh, nom: to the t^iweiA:. G i— ' rf^ lu s^. '^ G lj ^^ lu s/» from G i—i Q[5 52) LD, A. G. S. 125 and 126, in its verbal capacity gov. by ^dOTTLia^. ®5r(5brAQ/, see I. 2. ^ Q^ rrdd^^p (5^^S^Q>(y^, l abl. (A. G. P. 2 of S. 117) of Q^irdbr Afp (5OT ^, j?fls^ t;erZ>o/ |)org/i. from Q ^ rr abr J^y ^ /v;) ej/, here used impersonally. ^^ u^ 6i} 6:lS uS (t^ 13 ^, from u>6i}<5is, see XVI. 5, and @(0 rs 5"* po^^ pcrr^. of the sub. v.; comp. part. i. c. w. ^crorLag-as^S". " ^6TO^ L:3 gr 52) S", from gy 6cfer Ln \lDy sub. sing. ace. ^^ (yis Lb &, from (5X9(5^^ A9sy, vin. i. c. w. rg rr lu. ^^ G '-J '^lu cS) ^> from Qi^rf'iu^, see XVII. 7, occ. gov. by ^fiijovj, the in. lj doubled, A. G. S. 19- ^'^^6ii(Tu, see XVI. 5, ?7?^;7. gov. by sl| li5^ tip rg ^(5^ G Ljn-^, the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 20. ^^ 2L| L£y> LP rs ^(5OT, from s^iiP Qi r5 ^ ^^S^i past part, as a c. agreeing with the sub. rgrriij, as an flrT;. i. c. w. Q lj n- ^. ^^ Q> lj it ^, sub. nom. put for /. abl. used with the paii. 24 LiP Lip r^ eT c?ot, to denote time; it is more usually employed with the pres. or fut. part, in this sense, A. G. P. 1 of S. 152. ^'^24^ 6iiL£5^^6iiLDi r. and p. dem. pron. sing. neut. united by the conj. 2_LD, repeated. ^^ G i-J n- llS /v? a^/, contracted for G i^ rr llS (5ur ^, A. G. P. 4 of S. 66, from G LJ rr^AO^, V. past. 3rd pers. yieut. agreeing with the pron. 5l| ^ eu l£P ^6x\LD. ^^rgrrLLj, see XVI. 2, nom. to G e^ c^^tt a9 s/» 219 .*° 2— Lb, cop. conj, ** C cru A2/ L£) G (5OT> adv, ^^ auvr rf a'o, from 2j3vr ^^ sub. sing. I. all. the fin. onj changed to ^, A. G. S. 36. ^^G^.cjbr A9s^, from G e= (tVd q^ a>^ aq S/j t;. |>a5^ 3rrf yers. neut. ^* (Sr obr .^ obr, see VI. 41. XVIII. Whilst discoursing'^ thus/ they saw^ a* horseman^ comt^ from the other side.' ^ @ LU LJ L-Q., adv. A. G. P. 4 of S. 153. * G lj ^ 5^ Q^ rr 6OTr i 9 ^ ^ a^ u» u£ ov), t^. comp. of tin. Q l_' ^, from GLJBr^AOs^, i;m. G^^<5TOr(5^, see VIII. 9, and ©0^02)65: LIS on:*, /. aft/, of @(^B-(S)^> le/'ftfl/ in ^, from @ QTj ^ e^ ^ ^. ^sLi^K-a^J'T^LLSONSo^rBsy, /. «6/. from 2j ^ ^ 02) T, for 2L| /3 g- ^ ^ 22) O", and r//?. @ o oj S/^ from @c:5 ^ ^ AD ^ ; a phrase^ denoting *' motus a loco/' A. G. P. 2 of S. 49. *63q:?, see I. 3. ^©g^iS)':r^ ^ IT rr s/oTJT, from (i7g^cs)O-^0>rro~ obr, deriv. sub. from © ST 02)0", A. G. S. 121, flcc. gov. by the V. 6^ 6duv[^rr i- E5"oVt. ^cjuo", from cyucOJ^ACSy* infoi' placed abso- lutely. "^ ^ 6rfer La nr ^ 65- oVr, see VI. 7, ^^ p^^^ 3;t/ pers, pi the in. or doubled, A. G. S. 22. XIX. As'^ only* one* span' water' came^ running" in the river/ he,* remaining'* on'*' the horse/-^ without fearing" in the least/- came'* hastening,*^ making the noise jala-jala.'* * 65 q:^, see I. 3. ^ ^ rr 6m; sub. vett. i. c. w. g- eror 6trof= /T. ^ gr (scfer 6TOf d^, see XI. 22, 710m. to the I'erfto/ pagh. (Tlj^^^^^^ Cf\5- * LD rr 5" g^O" LD> G6?r.. ^ ^ ^ 2f 2 220 ^^Gc5v>, see XVI. 7. ^ as a f. agreeing with the sub. ^ 6m-(5u^ rf-^ ^2L|(yuc5br, see XI. 1, nom, to (Tu 03 S" n- (5tjr. ^ (g g^ 02) 'J"} swi. le^^. gov. by the post- position G LDONJ. ^^GLoa>J, postposition, A. G. P. 2 of S. 147, the fin. o>o and the in. r^ of the following word coalesce, to form cjbr, A. G. S. 35. ^'^rpdb^/vy, from r^d\s(^^ ^ /v)i^, vin. i. c. w. lajo^jobr. ^^e=^A2/LD, see XII. 15. ^^ 0?j_ e= rr LD a\?, from 5n_9r^A9^, Tzeo^. i;m. also i. c. w. 5L| OYJ otJT, the fin. ov) changed to 4:?, A. G. S. SQ, ^* e= 0X5 f5= a\3 G crvjcjbr a^/, a natuYal, indeclinable word, coupled with the connective vin. <5r<5br aq/, A. G. Note to Page 85. ^^ ^ (5» ^, from kt (5» ^ aq ^', vin. i. c. w. 2y(yu(5br. ^^(yur^ S'n-atyr> see XVIII. 6, v, past. 3rd pers. sing. masc. XX. Perceiving^ this/ they' began^^ to intreat,^ saying, ^^ " Alack? alack !* if there were^ a horse"^ to our* Gooroo^ also,^ both" he,*** and*^ we** approaching" him*^ (/. e. with him), might descend*^ into the river*^ without*^ fear :*^ Sir,^^ you must,** by whatever means,-*^ buy-^ a** horse.*^ ^ @ 02) 5"j from @ ^, p. dem. pron. sing. neut. ace, ^ ^ (Scfer (5^, see VI. 7, i. c. w. @ c3Vt, see III. 1, nom. to the V. E5J (Tu ^^ SD'T ^ oVt. *^ 02) LU G Lu rr, interj. ^ 5r4i/ 85- oVt, see VI. 22. pi. vett. togh. ^ (^^^m <5i£5^^, see XVI. 7. ^^©aqovk- ov)n-GLD, see XI. I6, verbal in cro coupled with the ?iei/^. flit. ^(Sld, from ^ ^ /v? 65/, A. G. P. 1 of S. II9, the particle sr is added for the sake of emphasis, A. G. P. 1 of S. 144. ^^ 5r lLj lj l_q. LU n- (^ c^^ LD, comp. of the adv.. of interrog. er ui l__' l-t?., and the conj. form of the V. ^ ^ /V} sy, coupled with the conj. 2 ld, having an indefinitely disjunctive signification, A. G. P. 5 of S. 104. ^^6b^, see 1.3. ^^^i^^^^rr^ XIX. 9, nom. for ace. *^ (Tu 'T rk/ g,, from G\j rr rjij ^ ^ ^, iiifin. gov. by G<3^a\-i<2mJLDi from the defects v. Ca\J<53or(D», impers. fid. Srd pers. neut. A. G. S. 78. ^""sQiurr, from ^ lu (5brr sub. siiig. voc. ^^ 6rotjr aq/, see I. 2. ^^ LD(5tjr,:^L^, from LD c5br ,^ (5^ sf" A9 s/> ''iA'^- ^^ gycyu^s?^.^ ^ 55"oVt,. see XIV. 5, 3rd pers. pi. gov. by @ (5\j cr ^ oVr. XXI. The Gooroo Paramrirtan/ however," saying ^ *' We will speak!' of this' matter* hereafter,"^ on account of the approach'* of the 22^ eventide/^ the day^ having declined,^ sent^^ again^^ to examine*^ the river's" sleep. ^* ^ LJTinrr^^i^(r^, sub, comp. of lj ^r ld n- /^ 5- (jur, see I. 1, and ©o? see 1.4, nom, to sij $22)/ lj !_? .gs) c^. ^^,s^g\d, from ^^aq^, conjundke mood, used as a disjunctive conj. ^@r3^i see IV. 1. ^Ge:^^, see XIV. 4. ^ G LD 2/nv) ^ (g-, from CLDa>j, swfe. sing, dat, A. G. P. 4 of S. 47. ^GLJBrGcyun-Lb, see XVIII. 2, v, fut. 1st pers, pL '^ cr obr /v:y, see I. 2. ® G u n^ O" ^> sub. mm. ^ ^ rr lu n5 s/j from e= n- uLi ^ /V) sy» f^in. of the pas^, used absolutely with the suh. Q lj rrO"^, for vin. of the pres. or i^/?. ^^ajsA^E&LD/TcjtjrGrBO-LD, 5wi. comp. of sLj 2A3 S) LD n- (5^ LD, and G CD o" ld, nom. to the fe?-Z>«/ jjag^. ^'i_ql(5^^.£2)Gov», the fin. ld changed to n^, A. G. S. 31. " ^MjjL c5^ S^.g2) Gc5v>, c. abl. of ^ij^-ctot^, pas^ wewf . verbcd pagh. from ^ La (5^ ^ ao ^5 governed, in i tst^erM capacity, by «L|2A3S»LDrr(5OTGr5 0-Lb. ^^gTqi^ldlj, see III. 10, i?ifin. used adverbially. ^^ ^ ^ .^vy, from SiAQ/, see IV. 12. ^* rS^^^a^^nr, see IV. 13. '^^ Qg^rr ^B>^, see IV. 14. ^^ £li 02)/ lU l? .^s) /:r, from sij 02/ lLi l_j ^ A9 ^, t'. j7a5f . 3rf;? pers. sing, hon^ XXII. So' when" Madeiyan/ carrying along^ that^ very* firebrand/ (and) plunging if in/ examined f perceiving'^ that it did not spirt up'^ in the least/* because" the fire'^ had been" before" extinguished," greatly rejoicing'^ and running, '» he exclaimed,^ vAn opportunity! an opportunity P^ without opening-' the 223 niouth-° and without uttering a sound," come"* quickly:" a sound*^ sleeping time"^ hath arrived"^ to the river ;-^ there is no" necessity'* now,'^^ either" to fear'" or'' to be alarmed."'^ ^ 2il LJ LJ l_ql G lu, adv, A. G. P. 4 of S. 153, the particle er added, A. G. P. 1 of S. 144. " sy rg g-, r. pron, adj. ^ G ^ '^ 0^^ Ovrf" ^ ^ Lij (22) La 02) i-u, see V. 9- *S7/^G<5OT, an emphatic affix, the in. g- doubled, A. G. S. 20. ^ ld CS) i^ U-) obr, see II. 5, nom, to sr c5br «^ (jbr. ^ Qu> it stm 0? G LJ rr Ju, see V. 10. '^ ^_ o\rr (2 c3vt, suh. used ad- terhially, A. G. P. 3 of S. 148. ® G S" ^ lIj s" s/j see V. 18, viiu i. c. w. LD 02) i-=3 u-j (5br. ^ Gf5=nr ^^(g ld, see IV. 14, part. flit. i. c. w. ©L^g-^ox?, the in. f?= doubled, A. G. S. 19. ^^©Lzis-g^GcK!), see XII. 4. ^'^^cjbr, o^/r. ** ^, see V. 5, 7iOW. to the verbal pagli. ajcn_sr5 5^ ^c02)G<5v, the in. g- changed to a9, A. G. S. 33. ^^ ^^r^^ ^^SD GOV), c. cfZ>/. of the past verbal pagh. ^ciitSrd^ m^i from 2L| (5xs ^ /v? S/' ** e= i^ iiQ/ LD, see XII. 15. ^^^ovhtld LJ rr g- 02) 5"j «c<^' *^"'^o • ^^ ^ 0^^ ld L_i rr g- ^, from ^ o\nr LD L_] ^ ^ S/? ?^^5*- verbal pagh. A. G. S. 113, gov. by e^6tfer(p. ^^ K" (5OTr (5^, see VI. 7, i. c. av. ld 02) l^ lu ot. ^'^ K- ovT' 5ri- ':^ r5 s/» from k- ov^ dh-^^^o ^', vin. i. c. w. LD 02) L^ u-J c5tjr. ^^ ^1 Q, see VI. 13, i. c. w. ld 02) i-=i u_i c5br. ^^e=02)Lou-j «^ f?=02)LDLU LD, reiterative comp. of excla- mation, the in. e= doubled, A. G. S. 21. '^cyun-Lu, suh. nom. for acc. gov. by cn-SLnn-fj:. '^ ct:lS l^ n- ^, see IV. 15, neg.vin. i. c. w. rg^rR/K-ONrr, understood, ^'"^e^g- ^ Lj i_j l=: rr ^', from e^g-^LJLJS'eS^A^sy, comp. of e= 5" gr LD, and lj (5» ^ /v^ ^, «f^'. tv". i. c. w. ,':0* -tv ^ ovt, understood. ^^ 5? /v}; ^ Rrn- uj, from ef ^3' ^ (^, 5?/6. ren- 224 dered adverbial by the vin, ^ lu, see XII. 1 1 . ^^ axj rrt^r^ G^n-ONTT, see XVIII. 6, imp. 2nd pen, pL A. G. P. 1 of S. 68. ^^ ^ /V^ /V3/ ^ (^, see XV. 2. ^^ rg o^ av), g J/. ^'"GGPn-g-grLuGCBCrLD, sw6. comp. of G f?= n- gr g^" lu ld, and GCB'^LD, y^o;^^ to ^llS"/^a2^. ^^^^ll?^ /nq/, from ^ ^ AO sy> t^. P«s^- 3r^ pers. sing. neut. ^^ @LjQLjnr ^ ^, adv. ^ 24'^9=, from 24 *^ er ^ /vp ^, 1^. infin. gov. by the s^<^. G S" 22) -i' ^^ 2 LD, cop. co/y . the fin. Co changed to rk/, A. G. S. 31. ^^0rL_^, XIX. 13, injin. coupled, by the cojij. 2 LD repeated, with the infin. 24 <^ e=. ^^' 2. ld, cop. conj. ^* G 5" 02? (5vjj sub. siiig. nom. i. c. \v. defect, v, @ o\3 2/o\3. ^^ @a\3 2/TO, defect, v. A. G. S. 80. ^^ stot ^obr, see VI. 41. xxm. Madeiyan^ shouting forth'*' ^ this^ good news," the whole six,^- having-^ alP quickly^ arisen,® without" saying"' kima,^ carefully^* descended^^ into the river /^ ^ @r5 ^, see IV. 1, ^ r5 (5br 02) L£) 02) LU, from 05 (5br 22) LD, sub. sing. ace. gov. by Q&^rra\D onS. ^ ld 02) l^ lu (5^, see XXII. 5, placed absolutely, with the infn. 6?i_ lj lS lh. * G f5= n- ov) OnS, VIII. 9, ^in. i. C. w. L£) 02) l-=l LU jbr. ^ 9n_ LJ L^ Lz3, from s?i_ LJ L_? (5" ^ A9 ^, ly. 27?^??. absolute, the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 21. ^ ^r ov) ox? rr (v^ ld, c/enV. noun, A. G. Note in Page 29, p/. y?o?«. to@A9/-R;^.^5)/7-^ qstt, the fin LD changed to q^, A. G. S. 31. '^ ^ liL G '^ (5^ 2iO/» natural word, with the connective vin. sr d^^m^^ see XIX. 14. ^ 5r^r5^, from5rO?^A9S/j ^^"'^« J* c* w. 6ro^a^rr^LD. ^ ^ LD rr, Jiatural word. ^^ srobr lu rr d^, from 6r(5t5r^ aq ^, 225 neut. verbal pagh. A. G. S. 113, masc. pi. mm. in appo- sition with 5ra^o\3 rr (r:^ Lc». " @(5br/vp, from the defect, v. @C7\5, vin. here used as a particle of negation. ^- 24/^0/ (5\_j(r5LD, see 111. 2, nom.pl. in apposition with 6raoc5V)rr CC5 LD. ^"^ L_j 5- av) LDH- ^, from 5w6. LJ5-av)LD, with iw^Vi. ?j, 05 , see II. 8. ^*?i /Vp /vpovi, XI. 15. *^@/vo/-R;0r.o^d^ ^c3vT, see XL 16, v. past. 3rd pers. pi. XXIV. At each" footstep^- — which was placed'" in such a manner, that^ even* the waves^ which were beaten up^ by the feet' gave forth no° sound/ as it were^ jala-jala^ — having taken"' and Hfted'" (their) legs' ^ over'^ the water," and having planted"^ and pressed them down*^" beyond,'^ with hearts beating,^*' "^ as it were toonookoo,"^ tripping along,"* they passed-'' the river." * ^ /T ov) rr /t a>o, sub. sing, for pi. i. abl. ^ 2L| I 9 u '1 , from sy 1 q lj (i? ^ ao bi>, past part, nominal comp.v. A. G. S. 107- ^ 2-|2/m3^ovn-, from 24 a/m^, 5?/6. nom.pl. to the j!?arf . @ La n- g-. * £^ g- ov rr lu, Si/6. (£p^ ^ oo, with ^Lu, see XII. 11. ^ 9= ov) (=?= C5V), see XIX. 14, the in. p= doubled, A. G. S. 21. ^sr^br^^LO, from srobref^Ao^', part. flit. i. c. w. e= er s^ ld, the fin. Cd changed to <^^ A. G. S. 31. '^EPgrS'LD, sw6. sing. nom. for ace. gov. by ©un-g^. * @ La rr ^, from @ (B^ f5f^ /v) s/? neg. part. i. c. w. l_j i_^ ^ eg-, as a t;. gov. by the sub. slj a/ms f5- ovt. ^ l_i L_gL ^ S, from I I I o ^ sub. sing. dat. expressive of the end, A. G. P. 2 of S. 153. ^" OS) cn-J S" 5"* from ^s) cru ^ ^ /v? ^, /?as^ par^. i. c. w. 241 9 ^^. ^^QfiiiG<5\-j^O> «'^/- 65 (^ re- peated in a distributive sense, A. G. S. 135. ^' ^ : 9 ^ o ^ 2 G 226 from S4L-Q.i sub. sing. dot. ^^ idi t ^Ay>o, see XXIV. 1, ace, gov. by 6r & ^ m^, the in. e> doubled, A. G. S. 19. ^*^6OTr6tJcf* cr, see XI. 22, nom, gov. by the postposition, Qldo^9 the in. s" doubled, A. G. S. 20. ^^Guoo^* post- position, A. G. S. 147. ^^ 5r ©^ 5" gy, from 5r (5^ ^ ^ /v? ^, w. i. c. w. 2L| (yu 'x 05- oVt, understood. ^^ s/^^^i from S/r 65- ^ ^ ^, vin. i. c. w. sij a\j & ^ oVr, understood, the in. s" doubled, A. G. S. 19- ^^ sij lj lj n- 0^5, adv. A. G. S. 154, the fin. 0^5 is changed to 4?, A. G. S. S6. ^^ Q LJ & ^ S^, from (2 LJ /:r ^ ^"^ A9 ^, t;iw. i. c. w. a|<5\j /:^ w ovT, understood. ^^ 2Lovr(5br/vp, from sjssrra^yyy ^^mi^ "^^n. i. c. w. 5y cyu^^oVr, understood. ^^ ^^ay^ G ^ (^^9 the natural word ^ ^^ ^ (^ used adverbially, with the ew/?w. 5r(5OT, A. G. S. 99. ^^Qr5<^&=Lo, sub. sing. nom. placed absolutely, with the i?ijin. ljoS)^^^- ^^LJd2)5"65-^, from LJ 02) 5" 5^ ^ Ac» s/> ^- «??^w. placed absolutely with the sub. Qf3'^^LD' ^* 5" n- 6cfor l__q. ^ ^ it 6Suv l_q., from g- rr <5tfcr (5^ ^ AQ ^, vin. repeated i. c. w. sij <3\j rf- ^ Q«;rr, understood, the in. g- doubled, A. G. S. 22. ^^ r^ g=^ 02) lu> see IV. 2, ace. ^^^L3.':5SyCLjn-,55)/:r^ oVr, t;. comp. of TO. k: L=] rg ^, from k- L3 ^ 05^ a9 gy, and Qljit ^^rf- m (^rr, from G i— J n- ^ a9 ^, pas^. 3rf? pers. pi. agreeing with 21J (5\j cr K^ oVt, understood, the in. w doubled, A.G. S.20. XXV. As soon as they mounted/ on reaching (or, having reached)* the bank/ whilst^ they were jumping about^ rejoicing'^ in pro- portion^ to the sorrow^ suffered/ he named" Moodan/^ who 227 stood" in the rear/° without including" himself,'* counted'^ the others.'^ ^e>a2)^9 see 111.20, mm. for ace. ^ (2 e= (5br aq/, see III. 21, vin. i. c. w. ajo^j^^oVT, understood, ^sr/vpcjur 6iiL=iQ>a^, comp. of 6j- A:P(5tJr, past part, from sr/vj/^ aos^', and 2_LaG(5nr, see VI. 1 and 2. ^ljm , from lj(5»^a9^, past part. ''e=<^f?=av55"^^©, from g: -^ gccro ld, sub. sing, dat. gov. by the postposition ^ ovr cru rr^. ^24 ovt ovj /t ^, 5w^. 21J OVT 614, with i7ifin. ^ b", A. G. P. 3 of S. 151. "^ ld ^U^r5 ^, from LD 0?^ yi ^ A9 gy, tJm. i. c. w. 211 a\j •'x ej'oVT, understood. ^ ^/c3VTo\rPe5"G^^<5^!_p.QC5e^f^/^, por^. comp. of t^m. ^on/tontT^, from gy ovt oc^ es^ a9 gy, I'm. G ^ ^ (5TOr(5», and the pres. part, of the sub. v. i. c. w. Qu rr ^. ^ Gi^ rr ^, see XVII. I6, A. G. P. 1 of S. 152. ^^ lS r5 ^, from l? rg ^ ^ aq ^, lin. i. c. w. Cp* L=i (5br. " rg^ Gbr A9, from rf* 49 ^ ^ ^, past part. ^'^ CP* L3 o^, see II. 5, 720m. to gt 6m- 6is^ ^^ obr. ^^ 5r (5br LJ (yu (5br, see VI. 9- ^* S" obr s/tr^, see XI. 8, flCC. the in. g- changed to a^, A. G. S.33. ^^0n_LbLnrr LDa\5, from 0n_ La (5^ 9?^ aq s/? '^^g- 'i'^'^- i- c. w. o*L=i(5br, the in. u> doubled, A. G. S. 20, the fin. oo might have been changed to obr, A. G. S. 37. ^^ LO^i^AQavjcrera/ovT, from LD A3 ^ cn-i (5br, deiivative from the o^'. ld ^^ aq, pi. ace. ^^ OT" 6Tror (Srof .52) obr, from 6r 6m- 6umj ^ aq ^, i>. past. 3rd pers. sing. mase. agreeing with (^ La c5br. 2 G 2 228 XXVI. From perceiving,"* as he counted/ only^ five persons,'^ he gave^'' a cry/^ saying/^ " Alas ! alas !^ one person^ is gone* with the stream ;^ behold,^ we remain" only^^ five^° persons," Sir."^* ^ 6r defer 6tRTP (5OT (5:iS Lz] S" g^ &\D, see XIL 3 and 4. *^o\j^, see II. 7, wo^/z. for gcc. gov. by ^ (smjr La ^ .S2) G(5V'. ^ LD n- ^ g^ o" LD, sub. used adverbially^ A. G. P. 2 of S. 151, the fin. ld changed to rk/, A. G. S. 31. "* ffi- 6tfer u ^^ .55> o^!)^ c. abl. of ^6tferLn^, see XVII. 6, as a iJ. gov. by ^^ l=i (5br, understood. ^ 2^ lli lj l^ rr o\j LJ LJ u n-, interj. repeated. ^ 63 ej o^-j (5tjr, num. deriv. A. G. P. 1 of S. 136, 7iom. to Q lj n-^^Qcs^. '^ ^^ Gc^Gl^5 see IV. 12, sub. s. abl. ^ Qlj n- .s^ Q a^, from G L_j rr ^ AC) s/j '^- P^^^- 3rJ pers. sing. masc. the particle er emphatic. ^®Q^rr, interj. *^^rB^, wwm. adj. ^^ Q L^ o-» sub. sing. nom. in apposition with rf) rr LD, understood. ^^ id n- ^ ^ rr Co, see XXVI. 3, the final ld might have been dropped, according to A. G. S. 32. ^^rS'^^Q^LD, XXV. 11, v. pres. 1st pers. pi. agreeing with rg n- ld» understood. ^*^Lun-, see XX. 25. ^^ sr obr /vy, see II. 1. ^^2ljl_j Lu LD, sub. nom. for ace. gov. by @^ rrdbr. ^^ @ m rrabr, from @ (5^ ^ A9 ^^ v. past. 3rd pers. sing, inasc. XXVII. Having placed^ them alP in order, '^ the Gooroo^ himself,^ on examining" the account^" two"* times,^ (or) three^ times,^ since he^^ always^- added^^ the account,^^ omitting^* himself," pronounced,'^" " We remain but^^ five persons."^* 229 ^ 5r ab ov) n- Oij a- LM LD, see XXIII. 6, ace. gov. by rPsn^^^. ^ cru ^ ^2) ^ Lu n- u_i, sub. (y\^n^a^u', w'lihvin. ^Lu, see XII. IJ. ^rf* AQ/^ ^, see XI. 32, i. c. w. (^o- *@(yj, 7iwm. adj. A. G. P. 3 of S. 134. ^(^^03);^, 5f/6. sing, for /?/. wow. implying time. ^ (^^, /mw^. g^'. A. O. P. 4 of S. 134. ^(£^a2)A9, see XXVII. 5. ^©c:?, see 1.4, nom.Xo 6rGc7v>, c. «i/. of efj_ 'i-g- ^5^ S5y'9 P^^^ verbal pagh, neut, from dh- Lb (S>^ /v) s/, as a iJ. gov. by aj oyj cjnr oyj (5t5r. ^ 6h^^ gr SATin-, from 65 o g" s^ (5br, wwm. c?ent;, A. G. P. 1 of S. 136, ace. gov. by c^xS" O" ^ ^ <5OT s^- ^^^^^io^* see IV. 12, wo/w. " (5X? O' ^ ^ (5OT S/» see XIII. 8, past neut. verbal pagh. as a v. agreeing with ^aq/, as a yioww, nom. subject to the sub. V. ^aS^/vy. ^^ g- n^ ^ 0^0 ef 0, see XI. 28, dat. gov. by the postposition, a_ oVr G ovt. ^^ 2_ oVr G c3Vt, postposition, A. G. P. 2 of S. 148. ^* rg^ e= e= lu ld, sub. nom. attribute to the sub. v. ^uS££)cq/. ^^ ?4 llS ^ a^/, see XXII. 28. XXIX. Upon this^ bewailing,* as it were koo-koo,^ (and) weeping,^ as it were gho,^ among^ themselves,^ one^ embracing" another,^" they^ exclaimed,^^ *' O cnieP river :^^ more obdurate^^ than a block," more fierce^^ than a tiger ;^^ wretch,-^ hast thou not feared,-^ even a little,^^ to swallow"^ the disciple"^ of the Gooroo Paramartan,^" who is saluted, ^^ respected,-" worshipped"^ and praised^"' "^ from the beginning to the end of the world ? ^^ Is there^^ such a^^ mighty^" heart" to you,^** son^^ of a black^* block,'^ offspring'^ of a crueP^ tiger ?''^ Shalt thou''*' exist*" in a future world ;*^ hereafter*^ shalt thou roll along*^'''^ cool** water ?*^ May thy*^ source**^ be totally^" dried up^^ and scorched F- may the glare^^ dart^^ upon the sand*^ of thy bed!^^'^* may fire^° devour^^ thy^^ waves !^^ may thy^" meadows^^ be parched*^* and withered !^^ may thy^^ depths^^ be filled^ with thorns !^« Here- 231 after/° without^^ moisture/' without^* coolness," without'" a vestige^'^ of the place'^ where thou didst exist/^ mayest thou be consumed away."'^'^*' ^ 2ij s^ ^ ©, see VII. 1 * SL| cru d^ ^ onh-, see XIII. 13, nom. to 5r (5tjr .^ rf 05r ONTT. "^ en_ 0n_ G cru ot aq/, a r?flf^wra/ tujor J, with 6r c5brAa/, see XIX. 14. * jsj cjv) /y:P, from sli cjv) /V3^^A9 ^y vin. i. c. w. 2iJc^LJ/:^^o^^-. * G^^GovjcybrAa', see XXIX. 3. ^ajO's^, from ajQ?^/^^, t7w. i. c. w. 2ij . ^^ ^(^ (TiJ^f^^, occ. " ^ 'La ^ G bt n- gror (5>, comp. of vin. K-'t_a, from k- lij (S> ^ /v? ^, and Q^ rr 6m-(S'» see XI. 13, past, put for pres. ww. or iji/in. placed absolutely with 65 qt^ cyu cjdr. *^ G rD aia Li3 ©» cr, or/;. ^'rB^GLLj, see IV. 2, wc. ^*^:^'ljq.^2)^ld, from ^/v}(5^, swfe. i;e^^ ^og7«. with the particle 2. Co affixed, which is a usual mode of expressing comparison, the fin. Co changed to ni/, A. G. S. 31. ^^^l-QlGS"? from ^a^^^LO, vineik. A. G. P. 1 of S. 122. wc. ^^^c^LLS^syLD, from \^c^', see XXIX. 14. ^'^Q6>/t l_q. G 5"» from G e^ ^ (5^ 2^ lt), see XXIX. 15. ^^Qo^oT^rr^^iu r5 ^ LD, sub. used ad- verhially. *^(yu error nv ^, vin. from cru sror /1v (^^ ^u ^® (5YJ n- Ca gr ^5 ^'w^. from (yu n- yi gr ^/ ^ /V} s/- " :-J enTTprBsy, t;m. from i_j etrof er a9 s^', the in. lj doubled, A. G. S.21: these three vineiyechchams, according to the usual method of forming a comp. verb in Taynul, are 232 united with the following part. i_j ^ L_p lj lj (5* ld. ^^' ^^m k- LsP lIj LJ (5^ LD, fut. part, passive 'Voice, com p. of l_i ^ L_p, infin. from i_( ^ (^ ^ A9 es/, and ljiS'ld, fut. part, from L_iO?^A9S/> A. G. S.76, i. C. W. L^TU2,rr^^^{r^(TlSd^, the in. i_j doubled, A. G. S. 22. ^*i^a-LDn-/^g-(^ (07(5X5(5^, siih. vett. togh. i. c. w. ^s-^SAJ^rr. ^^ ^ sljQ 2/ry?sr, see III. 5, smg. occ. ^^ cris^n^ ^, see XIII. 8, z;. i7iji7i. 1. C. W. s^^^n-Q^Qi^n-,s^Q\jujrr. (^ ^ /^ ld, see XII. lo. the in. g= doubled, A. G. S. 22. ^^e^c^^rrQ^ (2l— 'n-.fi2)GLun-, ?}€g. v. comp. of neg. vin. s^^b^/t Q^, from 24 <^ e? er /v) ^, A. G. P. 3 of S. 101, and v. QLjrr ,55) G Lu n-, from G i— ' ^ ^ :^ S/5 J^as^. 27irf pers. sm^. the particle q, is added, to denote doubtful interrogation, A. G. P. 1 of S. 142. ^^ 24 Ln 'T, i7iterj. ^^2_(5urB-©, from from r^ LU, pers. pron. sing. dat. ^^ aj 5" 5- s/o^jt, adj. ^^ QLjrf'u^, adj. ^ GrB'^G^^y sub. Qrd'W^, with the part, of interrog. 6^> sing. nom. to the siih. v. understood, A. G. S. 87. ^* 0> 03 LD, from ^(yj^gjLD, adj. the fin. ld changed to /-r/, A. G. S. 31. ^^ ^ /v}Li©», from ^ aq (^, vett. togh. i. c. w. LD ^ G cT^- ^^ ld ^ G c?^j from ld ^ cjbr, sw6. siwg. coc. ^^ G ^ '^ © LD, from G 0> ^ (5" 22) ld, a^'. ^^ G (yu ^' C22) ^> sub. vett. i. c. w. i_? A9 Lj G Lj. ^^ lJ* ^^ lj G LJ, from lJ'aolljmj ^w^- ^^'^^- '^f>C' "^ 'I^lLj, see XXIX. 30, nrni. to ^ (Tlj n- G LU rr. ^^ @ (5"^ G c5\5 n- ^ ^ g^ ovi, from @ (TOP Q>a\:)rrmLD, sub. sing. I. abl. ^^ ^ cjvj rr G lu rr, from ?i^ A9^j v.fut. 2nd pers. sing, the particle of interrog. 6^ is added. *^ @ c5^, a^??. ^* (^ a$/3 ld, from ^ o^vcs S2) ld , fl^/. *^ M <5^ 2:-^'^, from i_| (5ur (7>o, sz/6. si/?^. occ. "^^ 2 (!j 4_a » from 2— (23 Lb (!? ^ /v9 s/^ t;m. i. c. w. r^Cu, understood. ^33 *^ QLjrra^jn-QLurr, from Q lj rr ^ ao m^', see XXIX. 41, the in. lj doubled, A. G. S. 21. ^ 2^abr, see XXIX, 30, vett. i. c. w. '2i3\rr^/vy, the fin. our doubled, A. G. S. l6. *^ 2i3vT iV9 AQ/, sub. si7ig. nom. placed absolutely with the injin. kttllj, in an imprecative sense. ^* G^<^' ^ LD, adv. ^^ (s\j do ivp, from c^j aq i^ ^ ^ ^, vin, i. c. \v. SLcvr A9 .i^o^- ^^ ^ n- Lu, from 07 rr dj ^ aq ^/, r. infin. placed absolutely with 2jsvr^ /v^/, the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 21. '^ 2-.(5br, see XXIX. 48. '' ^ -^i?., sub. vett. i. C. W. LD (SOTT OnS G (?V). ^"^ LD (53^- 0\S G ;^"> frOUl LDdOtJTcyV?, /. abl. ^^ m rr (5^Jr ov), 5?<6. now. see XXIX. 49- ^^ lj nr lu, infin* from lj n- Lu dT aq ^. ^^ 2 c5br. '^^ fij 2/a\3 K" 2/Jvr, see XXIV. 3, place. ^" 2^ ^ 05^ c5^, sub. nom, ^^Gld LU, w?^?«. from GldlLj^/v?s/- ^^2 (jtjr. ^'^auuuiv^', 5w6. 5zwg. ^"^sij yi c5br ACJ/j from 24 L_p q>^ f^ aq ^i, vin. i. c. w. c5^LU/v2/. ^^OYJAOOVT, infin. from cjvj aq ogv^ 0?* /V5 ^. ^^ 2 cjbr. ^^ L_i ONTT C3VT LD, sub. Jiom. ^^ IQP OVT OVT n- G ovj froni (^^ qntt o^oj* c- ^^/- ^^ rS^ o" ld _, w/'n. from r5^ o- LD L_i 9?" A9 S/- ''^@(5^''> see XXIX. 43. ''/no /T LD, sw6. iw?n. gov. by the postposition ©cjbr a^P. '^"^ ©ot /vp, vm. used as 3. postposition, A. G. P. 3 of S. 102. '^^oj^n; ^22) LD, s«6. /io/w. the in. u^ doubled, A. G. S. 21. ^**@(5brA:P, see XXIX. 72. ^^rg^cjbrAQ, see XXV. 11. '^^ @ Li3 s" S/> see XII. 4, vett. togh. ''^ ^c^^i^^j^rr ovr ld, sub. nom . '^^ @ obr iVp. ^^ C a\-J CS S^s f'*oiii G oyj ^^ s:', t;m. i. c. w. rg* LL', understood. ^^ e^ '^ ^ ^, from e^ i_z: ?t ^/v?^, t'. infin. placed absolutely, in an imprecative sense, with rg^Lu, understood. ^^ 6r ^ ^ & ui o^t, see VI. 41. pi. agreeing with 24 (5vj a* 0> oVr. •2 H 234 XXX. Thus* did they chatter^ all sorts oP abuse and railing/ stretching forth^ (their) hands* and cracking^ (their) fingers.® ^©LUUL—p., see XVIII. 1. ^lj^ljov?, see IX. 7. ^ 'oin. Qm IT 6OTr (5>, and sub. v. past. 3rd pers. pi. XXXI. Nevertheless/ from hasty^ stupidity/ no one knew,"*** up to* that time/ that*" such a one*^ among them^ had gone** with the river/ nor enquired*^ as to*^ who** that" (person might be). * ?4 ^ QV2/ LDj from ^ ef' /v? ^, conjunctive 7?iood, with the particle 2 ld, here used as a disjunctive conj. A. G. P. 5 of S. 104. ^ LJ g- /Vp<5^, from LJ g- AQ/ 05^ /V? gjy, j?ffs^ par/. ^ L£P 2/oY) e= e= g- g- (Jdt g- ^ .55> cjv), from uJ* s/o\3 e= 9= 5- 5 (5^ LD, sw^. S2/?^. c. abl. the affix ©■ (5w ld, has an abstractive force; as Lf5^ arro e= 0= c^br, ''a fool,'' u3^2/o\De: 0=S"5"C5^LD, "folly:'' also, like the English affix 72655, it changes adjs. into subs, denoting state or quality; as 235 eP (jijr (5OT, *' little or mean," ^ (5br onr ©■ g- cjtt ld, " little- ness or meanness/' * 24 rg G T^ 'x ld, sub. comp. of the ind. letter ^\ and G C5 t ld, A. G. P. 1 of S. 60, .s7/?g. //ow. gov. by the following postpositioji, the fin. ld is dropped, A. G.S. 32. ^LDiJ3(5^LD, sub. used as a postposition, A. G . S. 150, the fin. ld changed to rg, A.G. S. 3J. ^ ^ hrj ur 02vC5^©oVt, see XXVIII. 12 and 13, the fin.csvT doubled, A. G. S. 16. "^ n,^Q>^Qi^, see XXVI. 7. ^Gi-jrr cyar ctlj C)br, from QLjrr ^ ^ ^, past verbal pagh. masc. A. G. P. 1 of S. 113, nom. subject of the sub. v. under- stood . ^ @ c5br cS5) a^i from the pron. adj. @ cbr (5or, nominal pagh. A. G. P. 1 of S. 122, si7ig. nom. predicate of the sub. V. understood. ^^ srobr/^o/, see 11. 1. " 65 on? oyj (jbr, see XXVI. 6. *^ 24 /vp lu <5ii ucJ* av> a^ro, dcf. v. @a\3 2/cro, used with the infin. sij/vPlu, from 5L| /vp ar /vp ^, to form a general neg, applicable according to the context, to any tense, person, gender or number, A. G. P. 1 of S. 102, the cop. conj. 2 LD is interposed, ^^ajcyucjbr, see XIX. 8, nom. subject of the sub. v. understood. *'* sr gyj <5br, interrog. pron. masc. A. G. P. 1 of S. 59, sing. nom. pre- dicate to the sub. V. understood. ^^erc^brA^', see II. 1. *^ c5:lS e= n- rf ^ ^ fiCM Li5^ 0^3 2/m!), from cn^f^rr rr ^^ /v? ^•, same analysis as XXXI. 12. XXXII. At that juncture/ one,* a sensible person,' who was a traveller,'^ approaching^ and feeling compassion,^ asked'^ thus:'* *' How V Sir," how !'-^ what'* (is) the misfortune" which has happened ?'° say (ye)." ^ H 2 236 ^ 24 S' S" i^ o^ ^il£ Q av% from 24 gr st^vj/ctu nr lU, comp. of the ind. letter ^, A. G. P. 1 of S. 60, and the sub. 5^ AQ/ (5\_) rr LU, /. cfi/. implying time, A. G. P. 4 of S. 49. ~ a\j y?LjGL_jrr^w.5^e5r, comp. of sz^6. c5^_j yp, and sm6. (c i—i n- ^ B" c5br, with the ijifin. ^ ^, see II. 8. ^mS"^ L£)n-c5br, sz/6. siwg. '/?o/7?. to G ^ '1 ^ obr, the in. lj doubled, A. G. S. 22. * d5 o cyu (5br, see XXVI. 6, in apposition with L_) S" ^ LO n- (5br ^ G^<3br^^i see XXV. 2, i.e. w. M^ ^LDn-(5br. ^LDcT^^o"^^, from LD(5^^Cr^ ^/V)sy» nominal '0. comp. of s?/6. L£)(5<3r^', and t;. (g/j-o^ ?^^ /V} 657* ^"^- i- c. w. L_) 5" ^ LD nr (jbr. '' sr ^, adv. ^S3uun-, seeXX.25. ^6r^,adv. ^"cyurs^, see III. 12, past part. *^ ^n^^Co, suh. sing, nom. subject of the sub. v. understood. ^^5rd(sr<5^, interrog. pron. adj. used abso- lutely, as the predicate of the sub. v. understood. ^^ Ge=a-ov) c£o/ 4v G ^ ^ ovn", see VIII. 12, v. imp. moody 2nd per s. pi. A.G. P. 1 of S. 68. '^6rabr^, see II. 1. ^^g^l^ L=i/T(5br, see XV. 9? v. past. 3rd pei^s. sing. masc. agreeing with L_| g- g^ LD n- (5br. XXXIII. And as they related'* "* in order^ what had happened,' he^ per- fecdy'^ perceiving^ their^ folly/ said/" *'A1P' that hath taken place'' heretofore"^ hath happened;" if'^ ye'* will make'^ me'^ a suitable'^ recompense,"^ there is°^ power'^^ to me"* to calP^ hither*^^ him who is gone" with the river /° rest assured,"^ (I am) ygj.y27 learned in arts.^" ^ ^ (j\_) cr 07 (5$£5 LD, see XIII. 13, Jiom. placed absolutely with the injin. G^^-ox^ov, the cop. conj. 2 Co is added. 237 ^ 6},^ rk.'^ LJ 1:3, the sub. 6},Q^n^^, rendered adverbial by the injiii. lj Ln, from lj(S^^aosj» A. G. P. 6 of S. 96. ^ rg Lzi 03 S" 03) 5"» ^'fifig' occ. of r3L=ir5^ ^, neut. past, verbal pagh. from f^i^^^^ ^'. *G^^ov)av, see VIII. 12, V. injin. placed absolutely with sij ovj d^ ejt ovt, the in. f?: doubled, A. G. S. 20. ^^ -ij a\j obr, see XIX. 8, nom. to sr <^ ^dbr* ^ @ cyu cr 07 oVt, see XX. 3, vett. i. c. w. the following word. '' u5^ a/ms e= ^ S" Sr o^ 5" 02) 5", see XXXI. 3, occ. gov. by 07 tfcfm- (p G es- n- 6OTr (5^. ® rg c5br ^^ lu, see XII. 11. ^ ^ (5OTr (p G ^ ^ <5^ Cb', comp. of t;//j. ^6OTr(5^, see VI. 7, and G 0> ^ <5OTr (B*, see XI. 13 and XVI. 5, ww. i. c. w. 211 Gvj (5br. ^'^O^ obr, flfrff. the fin. obr doubled, A. G. S. 16. " ?i (JTJT gy, from 54,^/^^, 7?ew/. j[;as/ verbal pagh » nom. to ^ i_lS /V:* aq/. ^^<5ra\3av)rr ld, see XII. 19, nom, in apposition with ^ onr gy, A. G. Note in Page 29. ^^^iiS^£0/, XXII. 28. **rg*rFv e^-oVr, see XXIX. 40, pi. nom. to G ^ lu (5:lS & m oVr. ^^ 5r ct^jt ^ (^, see VI. 22, dat. *^ 63 gr S", from def. i;. 53 e^- (ij ld, j?a5^ par/. ^'^ G cyi-J © LD n- oor 5" 02) 5"? from G cru @ ld n- (5^ ld, 5m6. ^mg. ace. *® G ^ Lu ctlS & u> ontt, see II. 4, x^./m^ 2nd pers. pi. agreeing with r^rR/ u^o^, the in. e= doubled, A. G. S. 20. *^ ?4 cS3) o\Di from ^ e^ A9 ^', ccnjundive form of thet;. A. G. P. 1 of S. 91. ''^iV5G<^GLa, see XXVI. 7. ^* G I— ' '^ c5^ c5\j SAHTT, see XXXI. 8, ace. gov. by SI^02)yiLJL_?^^. ^^@^G^> ^/^^^- " £L| (22) LP LU L? ^ K", from sijo2)yiLJLS'^^A9^, ^- ?'^^"- gov. by ^a-rr<53Cf^ m6TOr©^. ^*5r(5^^©, see XXXIII. 15, gov. by 2_(5TOr(5^, see XV. 2. " ^cr n- 6otP, sw^. s/V?o-. wo;«. to s_ 6ott (5>, the in. s" doubled, A. G. S. 19. ^^2__6cror©', from the root 238 2_o;t-, v. def. ^Gc5^_)©, adj. ^^ cyxs g- 02) S" lj i_q. ^ S-(yLj(5br, cornp. of thesw6. (5xS5"i22)5-, and i n 9 g-g-^ iotj pas^ verbal pagh. masc. from lj l_q. ^ e?" aq ^, siw^. worn, to the suh. V. understood. ^^ ^ ^ (g ld, see X. 5. ^ 5r cjbr ^(5br, see XVII. 24. XXXIV. To that/ the Gooroo- rejoicing,' replied," **If^ thou* wilt do" thus,^ we will give^" thee^^ forty-five^ fanams,^'' which were kept^ for the journey."^ ^ £Li ^ ^ ^, see VII. 1. 'SQC^oYjn-aOTcrurr, nom. to the t^. 6rdd?^&, see VII. 2. ^^0=^75 (? grrrg) ni' m '■^h(B>, see XIII. 14, vin. i. c. w. © q:^ cru /t (5^ o^ /:r. * /:]g^ lu, see XXIX. 40, no7n. to the conjunctive form G ^ lu gr n- a\j. ^ @ Lj LJ L_i5L, see XVIII. 1. ^ C f5= u-j S" n- ov), see II. 4, cmijunctive form, A. G. P. 1 of S. 91. '^cruy?^©^, see III. 8, dat. ^02) o^ 5" ^q::? C5 5"> part. comp. of vin. 03) (Tu ©• sy» from ^3) cru ^ ^ aq gy, and the pos/ j9flfr/. @ (TJ r5 5", from @ O" ^ 0?^ /y? ^, i. C. w. lj <5cmr ld. ^ rg rr /^ L_i S" 5" *^ 5r, ^iW/W. flt//. ^^ !_! 6OTr £p^ LD, S?<^. SZWg. for J)l. nom. for gcc. gov. by g- cgr G cyu /t ld ; jieuter nouns are always placed in the sing, instead of the pL when pre- ceded by a num. adj. ; the particle 2 ld added to denote totality. ^^2_(5OT^G95r, see XXIX. 30, the particle er is added for the sake of emphasis. ^^ g- ccp C c5vj n- lo, from ^(^ ^/v;) sy> v. fid. 1st pers. pi. A. G. S. 110, the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 18. ^^srabr^rf-, see XXVII. 20. 239 XXXV. And'^ he/ brandishing* a stick* which he bore in (his) hand,^ said/^ "In this^ to be sure' this" art^ is contained;'" iP* ye," having- placed yourselves" in a rovv^/^ on receiving** by this'* stick" a"^ blow*" upon the back,'^ each"" telling-' his*' name," will continue counting, '^* I will cause"" all six persons** to be arrived*^ here."*^^ *aj(TLj(5br, see XXXIII. 5. ^2 Co, cop. conj. the fin. LD changed to o^, A. G. S. 31. ^(23>^iiSQo\Dr5^a^i see V. 7 and 8. * g- i cy r^w >, from gr ' 9 ? sub. sirig. ace. * ^ ^ ^, from ^ <^ ^ /v? ^', vin. i. c. w. «li a\j abr. ^ @^' Gav>, see XX. 1, /. abl. "^ ^ ^ © ld, A. G . P. 1 of S. 104. '^©15 5"j see IV. 1. ^ (Ti^ S" 02) S", sub. siiig. nom. toei'LQ. LiScOJe^Ss/- *^ 65 -u^L llS ccp ^ (^ gi^'j corap. of the ww. 65 "La, from 63 Li 6^ ^ /v} ^, and the sub. v. pres. 3rd pers. neut. ^^ r^rKj^ oVt, see XXXIII. 14. ^^ r0^ OS" 'T rg^ CS) 'X lu n- lu, sub. r^a^rr repeated, with the vin. ^lU, see XII. 11. ^^®^ r5 ^, from @ (T^ ^ ^ A9 ^, vin. i. c. w. rg^rtv ^ovt. ^*@r5 ^, see IV. 1. ^^ g- L-gi LU n- a/. the in. ^ doubled, A. G. S. 24. ^^ep^^eTo^, from (^'S/©? sub, sing. I. abl. ^''e^cr, see III. 18. *®2L|L_i?L, ^w6. siiig. nom. for ace. gov. by lj La G o\-). ^^ lj l=] G cru, from i_i (5» ^ /v:) ^y, f. ?/?///;. placed absolutely with r^rji wc3v^, the particle er is added for the sake of emphasis. ^ 21J (5\j (5iJr (5\j (5br, see VIII. 8, 7?o;w. to the conjunctive form 6r error emrf ^ G ^ '^ «5cror /p ovj /3 g" n- oo. ** s" C)br, see XI. 10, the in. g- changed to aq, A. G. S. 33. *^Gi— 'i-u 522) o", from Gl-Jlu't, sw^. s/^^g. ace. ^^ Q, 9= /to^d (j>S, see 240 XXIII. 4, i. c. w. 2l| GYJ (5v3r c5\j (5br, the in. 0= doubled, A. G. S. 20. ^* 5r dOTT 6crof> ^ G 0> ^ <5^ (5" cru rg g- rr a>^, 1^. comp. of ihevifi. sr s^or sotjP, see XXV. 17, viji. Quyrredur 6^, and the cojijiindwe form a\_j 03 5" n- c5\!), from a\_j (rj ^ /V9^, A. G. P. 1 of S. 91 ; the several tenses of the comp. V. Qui IT 6OTr (5^ a\_) o ef^ Ao ^ added to the t;m. of any other verhy give the force of continuance to the action, A. G. P. 2 of S. 106. ^^ ^ jn^ o-\j ^ \1d, see III. 2, mm. before the injin. (Tu r5 g^ ej ^ k^. ^^@^(S^> a^/t^. see XXXIII. 22. ^'^ a\_) rT3 ^ 0:5 ^ ^, t'. i;?^/?. comp. of tin. a\jr5^, see III. 12, and the injin. of the sub. v. gov. by 24 AQ/ (5\j cc^ LD. ^^ L_i 6rfcr (5TRJV Q (5YJ (5br, from i_j (sror ctjto); ^A9^, V. flit. \st pers. sing, the in. lj doubled, A. G. S. 22. ^^ 5r c5br c^ C)br, see XVII. 24, agrees with 24 (tu abr. XXXVI. Having placed^ them- thus;^ first* planting^" a blow^ whack !^ upon^ the Gooroo's* back,^ and^^ he^^ saying/^ ''Holloa!'^ I,^* myself/^ the Gooroo;"^^ he^^ pronounced,"" one.^^* ^ @ LJ L_! L_Q., adv. see XVIII. 1. ^ sij c5\_i o" ^ synvr, see XXVIII. 6. ^rg^AQ/g-sT, see XI. 32, i. c. \v. ^a\jc5br, understood. * (^" rg g^ (^" r^ ^, from (^^ rs ^/ ^ ao ^/, vin. repeated, and here used adverbially, A. G. Note to Page 157. ^ © (^9 cTi^otjT, see XXVII. 8, vett. togh. i. c. w. (^^ SJ^obr, the in. b7 doubled, A. G. S. 21. ^ 1^^ &2J * The Pronoun No. ll is honorific, while the pronoun No. 18 is not so ; which, in the original, clearly indicates that the former refers to the Gooroo, and the latter to the traveller. 241 05^ C5br, see XXXV. 16, vctt. togh. gov. by the pout position G LD G ov>. '' G LD G.ov), postposition, A. G. S. 147. " ^ o\5^0>, a natural word, ^f^n- x o ^ see XXXV. 17 ld, see XXVI. 6, nom. before the infin. (^G^£^LLjrr u:)d^r^' ^m; the particle 2 lo is added, which followed by a negative, has the force of even, A. G. P. 5 of S. 140; the fin. Co changed to n^, A. G. S. 31. ^^©02) aqlu^- LDav)rg^ /i) ^, V. infin. neg. formed by the neg. vin. (gr ss) aq lu rr ld a>^, from Sa2)A9^A9^y, and the infin. rp/^m, from rg^/^ ^^ ^^) which is often used instead of the sub. i;. A. G. P. 1 of S. 75, gov. by 6i^(y\^a^LD; the fin. crb and in. rs might have coalesced and become (^br : thus, (gjg^) a9 Lu n- L£) 5(7P^ ^, A. G. S. 37. ^^ ^ <5TOr (5^, see VI. 7, i. c. w. 2u ovj 'T- ^ oVt, understood, the in. 07 doubled, A. G. S. 22. ^^ 65^s7^G^'^<5^La'x /j-^oVt, t'. comp. of vin. 6h^ mJ-) from 65^05^ Aosy* and Ge5-nr6TrorLarr/x^Q\rr, past. Srdpers. pi. agreeing with ^G\j&^d\T, understood. XXXVIII. Wherefore^ being astonished,^ greatly^ praising^ the divine conjurer^ who had come,^ (and) giving (him)'^ the stipulated^ money,^ (they) went away.^° 243 ^ ^ 02) ^ u-J ^ <^j f'- (ff^^- of ?i52)05r, verbal in ^, from gi^/v)^, used absolutely, A. G. Note to Page 1J7. ^2ij^Gf^i-uLULJLa(p, irom 24 ^ G f^ lu 'Jj lj (5" (^ aq sy> comp. of s?//>. SL| g^ G 9= i-u LD, and i^. :_,' (5^ a?^ ^^ ^z, rm. i. c. w. aj a\-j & k" oVt, understood. ^^ o^ 'i) gr, see XXX\'. 27, prt-v^ p«r^. i. c. w. G S" cru ^^l? g- 02) S" ^ ^ ^ ^ sastjt. '^ G S" o~\-J (51^ 5" 02; g- ^ 05- n- o" 2y3^rr, from G S" cn-j cris 5- {22) @r e^ ^ ^ "^ cjbr, comp. of G 3" o^-J obr, and cn-S s" CS) ar e^ FF nr o- obr, ee XV 111. .5, sing. ace. gov. by 2A3 ^/ ^' S" sv- ^ li5^ £f 6ii ld, from L£y (^ f^'^Ao^, ?/?^'«. with the partiele 2 ud affixed, used ad- verhially. ^' 2A3 ^/ g^ 5" sy, from sad ^/ ^ ^ ^^ a^ S-'* i'^^'- i. c. w. 24 a\j d^ K" gVt, understood. '^G^^c^^ctot* i>ee XXIII. 4, past part, the in. gp doubled, A. G. S. 19. ^ _' 6^J^grQ2)5"> see XXXIV. 10, sing. ace. '^Q^n-Q'^^i (5:i£'La(5^, comp. of vin. Q,ui n- q>^ ^» from Qu^t^^ F^ A9 ^j iiiid w;?. cTX? La (p, from c?:^.? ©^ e^^ ^'. co/«/>. i7«. in which the vin. ryisvhQ^ is redundant, A. G. P. 2 of S. 109, i. c. w. 2Lio\j^e7oVT, understood, the in. e? doubled, A. G. S. 20. ^° G '— ' n- .^ 'T- 9> ovT, see XXIV. 26, agrees with »2^i 0^-1 a- ^ osn-, understood, the in. >_i doubled, A. G. S. 19. FINIS. J. HADDO.N, PRINTER, ri.NSIinRY mmm- >i •■ 8^ . > » '•V 'l[l->.'' FEB 4^ RETURN TO the circulation desk of any University of California Library or to the NORTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY BIdg. 400, Richmond Field Station University of California Richmond, CA 94804-4698 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 2-month loans may be renewed by calling (415) 642-6753 1-year loans may be recharged by bringing books to NRLF Renewals and recharges may be made 4 days prior to due date DUE AS STAMPED BELOW .m 1 19 Jill 3 0^993 OCT Hi — Au r o DISC CI R C ftuci^^ SEP 9 2003 JUL 1 1 2007 LD 2: U.C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES cosmasb^M THE UNIVERSITY OF CAliFORNIA UBRARY - ■- ' ' -4