GIFT OF William R, Daingerfielc THE STANDARD SERIES ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE The International Language History, Grammar, and Vocabulary BY EDMOND PRIVAT * * To each nation its national language^ and to humanity its international language^ ^ New York CtycAGO Toronto Fleming H. Revell Company LoNHON AND Edinburgh ESPERANTO TRANSLATIONS FICTION, ROMANCE, SONGS, COMEDY. DRAMA FAIRY TALES. CLASSICS. POETRY. ETC. COMMERCIAL LETTERS, SINTAX SHORTHAND. ETC. Anderson's Feiry Tales in Esperanto, . . . Net .45 Imenlago. German Novel of the Storm, tr. by Bader, Net .25 La Taraono. Polish romance, tr. by Kabe, Net . 60 Angla Lingvo sen Profesoro. Comedy from Bernard, tr. by Moch, ........ Net .30 Onklo Kiel. Nevo. Comedy from Schiller, tr. by Stewart, • . ... Net .25 Pilgrim's Progress, by John Bunyan. Esper- anto translation, Rhodes, • Net .60 Fundamental Grammar and Dictionary in Five Languages. Dr. Zamenhof, . . Net .90 Universala Vortaro. Zamenhof, Net .30 Hamlet — Shakespeare. Zamenhof, Net .60 La Revizoro. Drama. Zamenhof, .... Net .45 The Book of Ecclesiastes (from Old Testa- ment Scriptures), tr. by Zamenhof, . . Net .25 Flemish Stories. Net .45 Shorthand Textbook, , . Net .30 Grimm's Fairy Tales. Kabe, ....... Net .60 Intemacia Krestomatto (i^nthology). Kabe, Net 40 La Vojo. Song in Esperanto, Net .15 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE The International Language History, Grammar, and Vocabulary BY EDMOND PRIVAT ** To each nation its national language^ and to humanity its international language'''' New York Chicago Toronto Fleming H. Revell Company London and Edinburgh Copyright,. 1908, By EDMOND PRIVAT O \ ^ Qi THE QUINN & BODEN CO. PRESS BAHWAY, N. J. LA HIMNO "ESPERO'' En la mondon venis nova sento, Tra la mondo iras forta voko; Per flugiloj de facila vento Nun de loko flugu gi al loko. Ne al glavo sangon soifanta Oci la homan tiras familion: Al la mond' eterne militanta Gi promesas sanktan harmonion. Sub la sankta signo de V espero Kolektigas pacaj batalantoj, Kaj rapide kreskas la afero Per laboro de la esperanto j. Forte star as muroj de mil j arc j Inter la popoloj dividitaj ; Sed dissaltos la obstinaj baroj Per la sankta amo disbatitaj. Sur neutrala lingva fundamento, Komprenante unu la alian. La popoloj faros en konsento Unu grandan rondon familian. Nia diligenta kolegaro En laboro paca ne laeigos, Otis la bela songo de 1' homaro Por eterna ben' efektivigos. D^- L. L. Zamenhof. M51389 /t^'^lJunlntemahonal Language Required?. -' ''■ • ' ^ ' Such a question, said Unuel, will seejn to our ' : '^ :•, | .' /_ grandsons as stupid as would now weein co UjS a question like this : Is a postal service required ? Any one who has any relations with foreign countries and peoples knows how tedious is the diversity of languages in the world, with all the dis- advantages and losses of time or money it causes. Nobody now thinks of destroying the national languages and obliging all men on earth to speak one same universal language; but many think that nobody will complain when one day, in the schools of all countries, the children will learn, besides their native tongue, a practical and easy international language which will give them ac- cess to the whole world. That is what many men have been working for during recent centuries. Some people thought that it would be possible some day to convoke a kind of Hague Conference, which would choose as officially international one of the existing lan- guages — as, for instance, English, French, or Ger- man. But they soon understood that the different 7 8 ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE nations never could agree to give to one of them such an advantage, which would be an enormous in- justice to all the others. Besides, our languages are always difficult for foreign people to learn and are full of irregularities, exceptions, and complicated idioms, ."w^hich must not, or should not, exist in an ittet-naticitial language. Why -ifvi' Use Greek or Latin 9 Both these languages are taught in the colleges of all countries, and were, the latter twenty centuries ago and the former five centuries ago, the international languages of the Old World. Many scholars thought of reviving them for this use, but that always was a vain dream. They are so difficult that only a very few specialists Bucceed in knowing them thoroughly after years and years of study; and it is quite impossible to express by them half of our modern ideas, for they are languages of olden times. How could you speak of "electro-mechanical" in Latin? One ought to renovate the whole vocabulary and sim- plify the whole grammar to make them fit for use. Then, instead of spoiling the native tongue of Sophocles or Horace, why not make another lan- guage especially prepared for its modern use, "which could be made much more simple, perfect, rich, and flexible than any existing language" (Max Muller) ? ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE 9 'Artificial Languages. Since Leibnitz many philosophers have tried to compose systems of artificial world-languages, but these were always theoretical and impractical pro- jects. Some thirty years ago the "Volapiik" of Abbe Schleyer had a momentary success in the whole world, and gave the first proof of the possi- bility of such a language; but the system was too difficult, too artificial, and did not pay enough at- tention to the existing languages and their modern evolution. Volapuk had no internal life, and after some years it died, while its adepts were fighting with each other about changing the lan- guage or were in great numbers taking up the new system known as Esperanto. Zamenhofs Work. Esperanto was created by Dr. L. L. Zamenhof, a Polish oculist, who was born at Bielostok, Eussia, in 1859. Polish, Eussian, German, and Yiddish were spoken together in his native city. The strug- gles, often sanguinary, among these diverse- tongued peoples, led him to devote his entire spare time to the creation of a neutral language, which would foster peaceful relations between the differ- ent nations. He began the work when he was a schoolboy and published his first grammar, when he was 28 years old, under the name of ^'Doktoro Esperanto" (The 10 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE . Hoping Doctor). That was in l^^ and since then the language has made a slow but sure progress throughout the world during a period of fifteen years; while its best adepts gave the language its basis and the first masterpieces of a very solid and living literature. In 1902, the public began to understand what the progress of Esperanto was teaching them, and then started the general movement, which is now everywhere prevalent, to introduce Esperanto into the public schools and into commerce and the sciences. The Structure of Esperanto. Dr. Zamenhof did not really make an arti- ficial language, but a sort of synthesis of our principal modern languages. He chose for the vocabulary of his language the most international roots. Such words as telefono, telegrafo, teatro, arto^ muziko, onMo, suTccesi, miraklo, etc., which form the majority in Esperanto, belong to almost all our modern languages, and the other words — as, for instance, trinki, varma, hluxi, tempo, glaso, granda, tablo, inko, tago, lerni, etc. — always belong to two or three of our great languages. Such a basis makes Esperanto a Latin-Germanic language, which English is also. To aid in more easily acquiring the vocabulary, ESPEKANTO AT A GLANCE 11 Dr. Zamenhof established regularly what exists irregularly in our languages — a system of pre- fixes and suffixes by which many words are formed from the same root. For instance, mal- denotes the contrary: varma, warm, malvarma, cold; kon- tenta, pleased, malkontenta, displeased; fermi, to shut, malfermi, to open, etc. -isto denotes the profession or occupation: arto, artisto; muzilco, muziJcisto; pordo, door, pordisto, doorkeeper, etc. -INO denotes the female: onJclo, uncle, onklino, aunt; aktoro, actor, aktorino, actress; nevo, nephew, nevino, niece, etc. -ema denotes the pro- pensity or disposition: kredi, to believe, kredema, credulous; paroli, to talk, parolema, talkative; mokiy to mock, mokema, mocking, etc. As for the grammar. Dr. Zamenhof made it as simple as pos- sible, clear, logical, without any of the exceptions or irregular verbs which make our languages so complicated. Substantives always end in o, ad- jectives in A, adverbs in e, present tense in as, past in IS, future in os, and so forth. Parolo, speech; parola, oral; parole, orally; mi parolas, I speak; vi parolis, you spoke; Hi parolos, they will speak. The language is absolutely phonetic, and each word is written as it is pronounced. The sounds of the different letters are almost the same as in Latin or Italian. Esperanto spoken sounds very harmonious and is easily pronounced by all the dif- 12 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE ferent nationalities. In the universal Esperanto Congresses, where every year about two thousand people from more than thirty different countries all over the world meet, it is found very difficult to recognize the different nationalities, so imper- ceptible are the slight differences of pronuncia- tion. The Progress of Esperanto. For twenty-one years Esperanto has been used by many thousands throughout various countries for their international relations; and one of the principal causes of its actual, rapid success is the fact that it is not a new project in which people do not know whether to have faith or not, but a tried language that has been used for a long time, that has its internal life, its own litera- ture, and which one is obliged to consider as an evident reality and not as a beautiful dream. Es- peranto is already used by many commercial firms in international intercourse and exploiting and by many scientists who seek to understand and corre- spond with each other. Some commercial maga- zines are published in Esperanto, as well as a medical and a scientific review, The Internacia Scienca Eevuo, edited in Geneva by a group of dis- tinguished professors. World-famous men such as Professor William James, Oswald, General Sebert, Boirac, Ramsay, J. J. Thomson, Oscar Browning, ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 13 Ernest Naville, and others are members of the "Internacia Seienca Asocio." Many world-wide organizations, as the Peace Societies and Congresses, religious associations, Freemasons, Socialists, specialists in different branches, are employing Esperanto and publishing in it magazines and new books of international in- terest. Esperanto is officially taught in many pub- lic schools in France, England, Germany, Rus- sia, and other countries. The London Chamber of Commerce gives diplomas in it. Nine hundred and fifty societies exist in the world to spread the language, and forty magazines are published for the same purpose. The movement is very strong in Europe and Japan, but is only beginning in America. However, there have been founded in the United States two magazines, and eighty-five societies within two years. The Esperanto Congresses. Every summer, Esperantist delegates from so- cieties of all countries, about two thousand people, meet in a Universal Congress, and during one week have discussions, lectures, meetings of all sorts, con- certs, feasts, etc. — all in the one same harmo- nious language, in which they perfectly understand one another. Very often they speak as fluently as in their own languages, although many of them are persons of limited education. Comedies 14 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE are acted there by actors from twelve or more different countries, and nothing could be a better V proof of the practicability of Esperanto. Such international gatherings prove something more. In seeing these people of all races, of all positions, and all opinions, living together for one week as real brothers, although they never knew each other before, many men become enthusiastic for Esperanto and feel that its founder is begin- ning to attain his original ambition: to bring the nations together jby a better understanding. The Actual Use of Esperanto. Everybody understands that once Esperanto is taught officially everywhere, it will be very con- venient, indeed- and a great many people, I am sure, are quite determined to learn it "when every- body else knows it." If every one said the same for each step of progress, we would be still in a savage state. However, it is important to show the immediate need of learning Esperanto. First of all, it gives to every one the possibility of corresponding with people of foreign countries on any business or spe- cial subject. Having found in Esperanto maga- zines addresses of young people in other countries, a great many boys and girls have started a very instructive correspondence, made friends every- where, and often thereby found situations later. ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE 15 One may now travel easily by means of Es- peranto. In each city where the Esperanto or- ganizations are strong enough, there is an Es- peranto Consul who gives to foreign Esperantists free information about his city, and finds persons who are very glad to show them the curiosities of the town, and so get in this way practice in speaking Esperanto. The Esperanto Central Office in Paris publishes every year the universal address-book of Esperanto Consuls. A great many persons have already made long tours, knowing no other language than their own and Esperanto. They never could have done it so easily without Esperanto, even if they had known French and German. What is the use of French or German when travelling in Hungary or Italy ? Why Should One Learn Esperanto? The great Russian writer Tolstoi said fifteen years ago : "The sacrifices that any civilized man would make in learning Esperanto are so slight and the results so immense, that no one should re- fuse to make the attempt." And Tolstoi also said that after two hours of study he was able to read Esperanto with ease. The president of the Lin- guistic Society in Paris said that Esperanto, hav- ing no irregularities in the verbs, must be five times easier to learn than any other language. When one comes to think of what a splendid I fl 16 ESPERAN^ '••^*5^' Trans, ^.^..., except, besides, in addition to. Anstatau, instead, antau ol, before, and por, for, are the only prepositions which may be used be- h 24 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE fore verbs. Anstatau diri, instead of telling; antau ol fari, before doing; por doni, in order to give. One observes that in Esperanto the in- finitive is used in such cases, and not the participle. The expressions without doing, without telling, must be translated by in not doing, in not telling : ne farante, ne dirante.'n^^^^^''^-**-^^^^^^^^ The preposition da is used for of after a word / ' / ^^ of measure : multe da, much of.^^ W ^ jam lin ne audis. She heard him no more. Mi ne ? . atendos plu. I shall wait no longer. Jen . . jen, sometimes . . sometimes. Jen si plo- ras, jen si ridas. Sometimes she weeps, sometimes w ,yu/^ ^ she laughs. aL0 ."*-» ^^ t'taf^ . J^'fpUi", ^ ki Ju pli. .des pli, the more, .the more. Ju pli;,UAJ^ ^ \ mi vidas lin, des pli mi admiras lin. The more I ''^jj^^ see him, the more I admire him. ^d^^ ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 25 List of the Pbincipal Conjunctions Alie, Ail. .a Car, Dum, Ec se, Ja, Kaj, otherwise. either, .or. because. while. even if. indeed. and. Do, therefore. Nek . . nek, neither . . nor. Por he, in order that. 8e tamen, if however. Kvankam, although. 8e, if. 8ed, but. Sekve, Se nur, Tamen, Cu . . 6u, €u. .au, S^ ... -nA, jr. ^^^•y ""^^ ^ consequently. if only,; however. . .- - whether. .whethei7^^^'<*-«4U^ S- whether . . or. Abbreviations. h.t.p. {kaj tiel plu), and so forth. Jc.c. (kaj ceteraj), et cetera, &c. t.e. (tio estas), that is (to say). Interrogation is shown in Esperanto by the little word cu, which can be translated by whether. Putting this word before any positive sentence, without changing anything in its order, makes it a question. Li estas bona. He is good. Cu li estas bona? Is he good? Cu via patro lab or as? Does your father work? Cu is used only for single questions — that is, when there is no word, as what, when, where, etc., which already shows the interrogation. ^kxAH eLUcjnM^*.uL44^j^ Kio estas sur la tablo? What is on the table? The Eelative pronoun is kiu, who, which, that. It takes j in the plural, as also do iu, ciu, tiu, etc. ^ 26 ESPEEANTO AT A GLAISTCE "^ (H «M >• f^A V ^ o a> >^ h-( H •sill * 9 c' 0) S i 2« 0* J- 1 ii 1 ■■3 u o fl •S Is ii ."I ad'> S * »4 to as n " "g s O {z; >^ CO > o M b i S s ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE 27 ties such a one's that one's tio that (thing) tiom{da) so j much as i many tiu that the former nenies nobody's no one's nenio nothing neniom none no quantity neniu nobody no (adjective) Icies whose hio what (thing) Mom (da) how much how many what quantity Mu who which that (rel. pronoun) cies each one's every one's cio everything all things ciom all of it the whole ciu each one all every ies any one's somebody's anybody's io something anything iom{da) somewhat some quantity (a little) iu some one any g -1-5 PI 1 4 ^ <15 ^ •* 28 ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE r £u> f^ , Those men who come, tiui Jiomoj, Tciuj venas. UUt. a. zL^^ The word kiu is a pronoun when it is alone, ^rf^*^ ' but it corresponds to our adjectives what or which when it is before a noun. Kiu parolas? Who speaks? Kvaj tahloj estas tie? Which tables are there? "^^'^^^ «-^f-vB^. w^^i» a. i..^.^ ^^^ The Demonstrative ^w, that, is an adjective^ if before a noun, and a demonstrative pronoun if t alone: tiu tdblo, that table; tiu ne venas, that per- \^ son does not come. Tio, that, is always a pronoun for things: mi deziras tion, I want that. Both ^ may take the little adverb ci to become more pre- J ^^^ pise: tiu ci, this; -^ Never use tio, that (pronoun), instead of Ice, "p^ '^^^y^' that (conjunction), ilfi cZiVas ke cm/ Icredas tion". J* I say that all believe ^/la^. Kemember also that "that" may also be a relative pronoun; for ex- ample, The dog that I saw, La hundo kiun mi /TV FORMATION OF WORDS Grammatical endings may be used for the fol- lowing purposes: From the root parol': paroli, to speak; parolo, speech; parola, oral; parole, orally. From the root varrri : varma, warm; varme, warmly ; la varmo, the warmth. Compound words may be formed : Yaporo, steam; sipo, ship; vaporsipo, steam- boat. Tago, day; mezo, middle; tagmezo, noon. (The between two roots may be retained or omitted as euphony requires.) Prefixes ho- denotes relation hy marriage: patro, father. hopatro, father-in-law. frato^ brother, ho- frato, brother-in-law. to ^."^ dis- denotes separation (as in English) : jeti, ^^ -^"tjc r^ > throw, disjeti, to throw about, semi, to sow. i^jUtun. /nwt^ dissemi, to disseminate. nxg4otMC , eJc. denotes beginning and momentary action: £f^ 't^u^z hril% to shine, ehhrili, to flash, hanti, to sing, eklcanti, to start singing. .^-t u^rw 29 '^ 30 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE ge- denotes persons of both sexes taken together: mastro, master, gemastroj, master and mis- tress, onhlo, uncle, geonhloj , uncle and aunt. gepatroj, parents. mal- denotes opposite ideas : rica, rich, malrica, poor, fermi, to shut, malfermi, to open. re- denotes return and repetition: veni, to come. reveni, to come back, hrili, to shine, rehrili. Suffixes 'ad — denotes duration and continuation of action : pafo, a shot, pafado, shooting, rigardi, to look at. rigardadi, to view, instrui, to teach. instruado, teaching. -a} — denotes concrete ideas: mola, soft, molajo, soft material, amiha, friendly, amikajo, a kindness. -an — denotes an inhabitant, member, or partisan: Londono, London. Londonano, Londoner. Kristo, Christ. Kristano, a Christian. -ar — denotes a collection of things : vorto, a word. vortaro, a dictionary, arbo, a tree, arbaro, a • } * forest. hnvL^t^o*^*^^*-^' H -ebl — denotes possibility (Engl, -able -ible) : vidi, J to see. videbla, visible, hredi, to believe. "^ Icredebla, credible. J^ -ec — denotes abstract ideas: mola, soft, moleco. ^■# -^ ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 31 i I-^ ship. softness, amihe, friendly, amiheco, friend- degree : ^ varma, ?/^ ^^^^ \reg — denotes enlargement, intensity of ^onrpp • c<7 a-^ ^^ 5 ^omo, a house, domego, a mansion. ' ] warm, varmega, hot. U-e; — denotes flace allotted to : lerni, to learn, jy^ite^ i. j^ lernejo, school. Jcuiri, to cook. ^'^^'^^J^^f^^jJ^^ kitchen. ^^/dJ em — denotes propensity or disposition: ^M^h-^ ji^jj;^ ^ to chatter, habilema, loquacious. Tcredi, to be- C<*^^ ^ ^ lieve. Tcredema, credulous, paroli, to talk. -^*;^^ '''^''*^ /e.^^ iut. mono, ^, ^ ^.^j collection : sahlo, sand, sablero. parolema, talkative. i>-er — denotes one object of t S. money, monero, coin. J grain of sand. 'v -estr — denotes a chief or leader : sipo, ship, sipe-'^jjij^ JJi>- stro, caj^tain. ^egnOj^ state, regnestro, ruler. ^ r -et — denotesomtw'wfiwi 0/ degree, etc. : Za^o, lake. I lageto, pond, varma, warm, varmeta, luke- * i li warm. ^ '^ 'id — denotes the young of, the descendant of : Icato, \\ cat. Icatido, a kitten, hundo, dog. hundido, ^ - a puppy. <£:uui4i^,A>tr»^<'titf. -t^ — denotes causing something to he: morta, dead, mortigi, to kill, hruli, to burn, hruligi, to set on fire. -Sj i^a^*i^*y> lU^*.iiC^ . '-ig — denotes the action of becoming: ruga, red. P^oi n/.^t^i^ to blush, fluida, fluid, fluidigi, to V^ become fluid, to melt. ^ ^ oL^ t^^XisJiiti^ ^ ^ -l^ U,/^/^ 4 32 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE -il — denotes a tool or instrument: hori, to drill. horUo, a gimlet, razi, to shave, razilo, a razor. -ind — denotes worthiness: admiri, to admire. admirinda, worthy of admiration, memori, to remember, memorinda, memorable. -ing — denotes holder into which one object is put : plumo, pen. plumingo, penholder, handelo, candle, kandelingo, candlestick. 'in — denotes feminines: onMo, uncle, onklino, aunt. Icolco, cock. Icohino, hen. 'ist — denotes trade, profession, or occupation: drogo, drug, drogisto, a druggist, loto, a boot, hotisto, a bootmaker. 'UJ — denotes container of material or a collection: inho, ink. inkujo, inkstand, mono, money. monujo, purse. suTcero, sugar, sukerujo, sugar-bowl. /^W /^ ifC^ -^ =—^^ '^^Z^. '■ul — denotes a man remarTcahle for some quality: ^* hrava, brave, hravulo, a brave man. hela, beautiful, helulino, a beauty (feminine). giho, hump, gihulo, humpback. 'Um — indefinite suffix playing similar role in forming words as ''je" among the preposi- tions: plena, full; plenumi, to fulfil, vento, wind; ventumilo, fan. Jcruco, cross; Jcru- cumi,^ crucify. />*vA^umiU», ^^n ni ' '^^^'^*'^^ c^rddxi Examples: Malgajeco, sadness. Mai, contrary; gaj\ gay; eco, quality. Malfaciligi, to make diffi^ ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE . 33 cult. Mal^ contrary; facil', easy; igi, to make, to cause something to be. ESPERANTO TEXTS "Simpla, fleksebla, belsona, vere internacia en siaj elementoj, la lingvo Esperanto prezentas al la mondo civilizita la sole veran solvon de lingvo in- ternacia; car, tre facila por homoj nemulte instru- itaj, Esperanto estas komprenata sen peno de la personoj bone edukitaj. Mil faktoj atestas la meriton praktikan de la nomita lingvo." (jc'i^^^Hp-'^i^^^J^i *^*Y±^^^^K tr:2irvAJL£t i^<'»*-*ti£i^Lc f'^.iJs^^^si^lig^^J^-k^ A^ RAKONTO Mallume kaj nigre estas en la koro de malfelica patrino, kiu devas vidi, kiel siaj idetoj suferas mal- saton, kaj si havas nenion, per kiu si povus trank- viligi tiun obstinan postulanton, la stomakon. La nombro da tiaj patrinoj inter la Nov-Jorka laboristaro estas sufice granda ankaii en la bonaj tempoj, kaj kiam venas la tempoj malbonaj, kiam venas ekonomia krizo, tiu nombro pli grandigas kaj multigas. ^rX\iJ^ Kiam Linjo, okjara knabineto, venis hejmen el ' ^^^ ' ^^ lernejo, si diris al sia patrino : jC^J^ "Patrineto, mi estas malsata!" La patrino de Lin jo ne havis en la domo ec pecon da pano, kaj tial la koro de la malfelica virino kvazaii dissirigis pro doloro, kaj sia pala, ^^ mizera vizago farigis ankoraii pli pala pro la vor- 1^ fUJC^LO', toj de sia infano. "Mi tute ne scias kion doni al vi por mangi/' diris la patrino. "Kion ajn/' respondis la lerneja knabineto. • "Nenio estas en la domo, mia infano/' "Mi estas tre, tre malsata ?' , Jiucu, >vtrC" ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE 35 '^Jen baldau alvenos patreto kaj alportos monon ; tiam mi iros aceti ion por mangi." "Kiam venos patreto?" Linjo demandis. "Baldau, mia infano/' respondis la patrino per Coj^-'jf^ malforta voco, kaj sia voco estis malforta tial, 6ar c/^ w-^ ijgLL^ §i mem forte dubis pri sia promeso. ^^1 4,^^ Frumatene, kiam la patro de Linjo ekvidis, ke en la domo ne estas peco da pano, li foriris al amikoj, knn la espero ricevi prunte kelkajn dola- rojn. Kaj antaii la foriro lia edzino diris al li: "Sciu, ke Linjo foriris en la lernejon neman- ginta!" "Mi solas, mi scias," li respondis per voco snfo- katadelarmoj. til^^ "Vi devas alporti iom da mono al la tagmango, ^^lo^ se ne, Linjo posttagmeze ree devos iri en la lerne- ^^ jon nemanginta." /oU/-^ "Mi revenos antaii tagmeze." ^rvS^f^ ^u "Vi devas scii, ke mi jam ne havas lokon, kie v^-^. ' pruntepreni ion, mi ne povas pruntepreni ec dis- rompitan cendon," la virino klarigis al sia edzo la •y^^rt. iuj situacion, "kaj en la spice jo oni ne pruntedonos .^ al mi ec unn terpomon. Mi jam ne povas mon- ^^^*^'*~Ti^ trigi en la strato, car mi suldas monon al ciuj naj- ' '/f*^^ baroj — al unu nikelmoneron, al la dua dekcendon kaj al la tria kvarondolaron." "Bone, bone," respondis la edzo. "Vi devas reveni antaii la tagmezo, se ne, Linjo / . . .. malsatos," la virino minacis la edzon. ^.x-^^^.**^^ 36 ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE Kaj tamen la patro de Linjo ne venis tagmeze kaj nun estas Jam baldaii vespero kaj li ankoraii ne estas hejme. ^, La koro de la virino estas maltrankvila. Si tute ^^^ auTX ^'^^ ne solas kion pripensi pri sia edzo. Diversaj, tern- . ^ Jt ^> • -u^ j-aj pensoj trakuris sian kapon. Sed tamen si es- 53C^'- f^'^^^j^ peris, ke la ezdo baldaii venos. Kaj si konsolas sin S^^,^ 'i*^**^ ^rv A*^ kaj la malfelican infanon per tin ci espero. Sed S^. x*^ ^**"/ *^ ankaii tin ci espero ciuminute pli malfortigas. ZjMW/^^^I'a^rineto, mi Yolas mangi.'^ La patrino eksaltas kvazaii serpento ekmordus / "Cu vi scias, mia infano, im en la spicejon !" "Mi iros, patrineto, mi iros/' Lin jo diris kun mieno de kontenteco pro la propono de la f^;- 'I jjfl% "Alportu bulkojn por tri cendoj kaj kvaronfun- \Z^ ton da butero/' la patrino ordonas kion alporti el la spicejo. "Donu al mi monon," petas Lin jo. Sur la vizago de la patrino montrigas mieno . . ^ de maldolca ironio kaj si diras al la inf ano : *^"^'. Ia'I "Diru al la spicisto, ke poete mi estos en la bu- i^^^'^^^X tiko kaj pagos al li/' g,. Y^ J "Bone," respondas Linjo. . fjU-ot-it^" Kaj la infano foriris en la spicejon. Kaj la pa- N^ trino sidas kaj atendas, kaj atendante, si ciam pen- ' sas pri tio, kion la spicisto respondos al la infano. Jen sajnas al si, ke la butiko estas plena de viri- ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 37 noj. Linjo eniras, petas bulkojn kaj buteron, la spicisto elpelas la infanon. Kaj poste li rakontas . / ^ al ciuj virinoj, ke oni suldas al li multe da mono ^^ kaj oni ne volas pagi al li, kaj oni ankorau havas arogantecon sendi infanon por ree prunte- preni. Si sentas ke la eango venas en sian vizagon pro honto. Si jam bedauras, ke si sendis la infanon. Sed jen Linjo revenas. La patrino tuj ekvidas, ke la infano revenis kun malplenaj manjL kaj ree sia koro dissirigas. "Nu, kion P'Mhpandas la patrino malfacile spi- rante. ^ "La spicisto diris, i^vi mem venu." "Cu iu estis en butmo?" la patrino demandas. "Neniu, niir la spicisto." aJ^^l^'-^ijU^^^ La patrino ekspiras pli facile. ^ ^^^ "Iru, patrineto, en la butikon — mi volas mangi/' petas la infano. "Jen baldau patreto alvenos kaj tiam mi iros." "Kiam patreto alvenos ?'' "Baldau, Linjeto. Li devas baldaii alveni." "Mi iros en la straton vidi cu li jam iras/' ekdi- ris la malsata knabineto. "Jes, mia infano, iru !" Kaj Linjo forkuris en la straton. j, . /^a^i^^aA^ ^ Poste §i tuj alkuras kun granda gojo. aJunM^*^^^! ^^^^^^ ^^,4^ "Rigardu, patrineto, rigardu! Vidu kion mi uA^i^ujfr*^ trovis ? monon !'' , tJj^r ^- S-^ *^--^ U a.l..«^,..*• si ordonu al Linjo silenti ? Kiel la knabineto kom- ^^j^l^^l^rU^ prenos tion? Cu si ne regardos la patrinon, kiel -/-//• ^ . stelintinon ? Tiuj . kaj aliaj similaj pensoj treege Sc^-*^^'"^*-^^^'*^^/ turmentis la malfelican patrinon. ^^ ^^^^fil "Patrineto, mi iros demandi sinjorinon New- ^**^'/**'/ ^^^^ man : cu si perdis la dolaron ?" Linjo ekdiria tute ^^^ t^o-i^fUJiJi senkulpe. MXJUfjlJ^f<^ "Jes. Iru!" k^:^n La patrino kun koro kvazaii malviva atendis la ^"^^/sf^ * . /• r revenon de Lmjo. t±4. sXZm^^ *^ ^ "Eble la infano faras ian eraron. Eble la r ^Mt.4^jt frer^^ dolaro ne apartenas al sinjorino N." — la patrino cu^^en^, «nr- -^ provis esperi. Sed sia espero baldaii malaperis. '2zC»^ ^ ^'^^T^ Linjo revenis. .^ira^^ *7*^^ "Jes, patrinetOj la dolaro estas de sinjorino N.''^;*-. ^iaJ^J^m^ "Kion si diris?'' demandas la patrino. v'/t,;.>^ ^t^r*^ x^ ^'^i diris, ke mi estas tre bona knabino. ^vv ^^^^^i iris en kukejon^ acetis kukojn kaj volis doni al da^^^T'^^^r mi." "Nu, kial vi ne prenis?" .(g^^t^KZJLXu "yJi*' '^^^ •'^ c.\2im diris al mi, ke mi nenion prenu d^' ^ lu/' Linjo respondis demandante, per voco sufo- ^^^^"^^£1 ^J. ,4>ykata de larmoj, kaj ekploris. ^^*«n, i^ ^^i.^f^£^ ^^h!^!!3^'2i^^* «/ "Linjeto, infano mia !" la patrino komencis. ^-^ >u>-*-«- ^M Jr.tJ ' - j^^^t:.!^ 1 JSyd- f^^-^f^ ^'^'^^ ^^^- 40p^ ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE J^^ ^^i<*^^j/^isadi la inf anon. "Jen alvenas patreto. Kaj mi -ry^^j^, /•^-^^'^ acetos por vi kukojn, kiom vi nur volos." ^n^*^^^<^*tfT^ ^'Mi estas malsata, patrineto!" Kaj la malfelica patrino ne eltenis plu kaj ek- ^^ '^^^^J^^v^^ /ploris kune knn sia infano. Sca,^^ ^^^^ .i^'t^-M^ — ^^^ jargona originalo esperantigis. ^^^ 'y2i. B, V. Eeich. 'p I To translate any Esperanto text one must look in the vocabulary, which contains all the roots and / suffixes without their endings a, o, e, etc. ^ Jo *^ C£!!:!!---5^ ' ^ ^ ^ ESPERANTO — ENGLISH ^ \_*^ This contains all the words of the Universala Vortaro of Dr. Zamenhof, with the exception of a few rarely used zoological and botanical names of Latin origin, and a small number of words taken from the English language, which are of inter- national use and significance (such as loJcomotiv' , talent', horizontal', etc.). Abbreviations : n. =noun ; tr. =:transitive ; intr.=intransitive; t.^ termination; e.:=ending; d. or den. =: denotes. a, t. of adj. ahat', abbot aheV, bee ahi', fir abon\ subscribe (to jour- nal) acer\ maple acid', acid, sour acet', buy ad', d. duration adiau, good-bye admir, admire admon', admonish ador, adore adult', to commit adul- tery aer', air afaiV, affable, kind . * afeW, to be affected, /! ^.^ A^^ **^' afer, affair, business matter afranh', put stamp on a letter act ag 41 42 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE agV, eagle agord\ tune (instr.) agrahl', agreeable ag\ age ajV, garlic ajuj ever; kiu who, Iciu ajn whoever aj' , d. concrete ideas aJccet, to hasten (tr.) 35j akcent', accent nw^ f akcept', accept, welcome Mi'i^C^- aJccipitr, hawk a^ir', acquire aA;7i', pimple ahompan', accompany dkr\ sharp alcrid', grasshopper aJcs\ axle * a^iAs'^ deliver a woman akv\ water al, to alaud', lark (bird) o-Zi', other almenaUj at least almoz, alms a?^', high altern, alternate aZ^/.cZ', allude alumet', match, lucifer am, love amasy crowd, mass amhau, both ambos, anvil ameV, starch amiJc', friend amplehs, extent amuz, amuse an , d. member anas', duck angiV, eel anguV, corner, angle angeV, angel anim, soul ankau, also ankorau, yet, still an^-/, anchor anonc, announce anser, goose anstatau, instead of anf , e. of pres. part. act. antau, before antikv, old (hist.) apart', separate (adj.) aparten, belong . apenau, scarcely k^i^JA aper, appear apog', lean (vb.) April', April aproh', approve apud, near, by ar^ d. collection arane, spider arh', tree arc, bow, fiddlestick ar(^e', heron ardez, slate ar^tZ', clay argent', silver arA;', arch, bow arf , art ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 43 artiflTc, cunning artik', joint as, e. of pres. tense at', e. of pr. part. pas. ataki', attack atenc, attempt (t/i^»njL) atend', wait, expect atenf, attentive atesf, attest, certify ating\ attain, arrive at atut', trump (c-tJ^JL^ au, or, au. .au either, .or aud', hear August', August aushuW, listen autun\ autumn av, grandfather avar', avaricious aveV, hazelnut aven', oats aventur, adventure avert', warn avid', covet, eager for azen, ass, donkey azot', nitrogen B habiV, chatter hagateV, trifle hale', bake hala', sweep halanc', s w ay, swing (tr.) halhuf, stammer haldau, soon halen', whale ban, bathe (tr.) bant', bow (of ribbon) bapf, baptize bar', bar, obstruct barakt', struggle barb', beard barbir, barber bareV, keg, barrel bash', coat tail boston', stick bat', beat bataV, fight bed', bed (garden) bedaur , pity, regret beh', beak beV, beautiful, fine ben, bless benh', bench ber, berry best', beast, animal betuV, birch (tree) bezon', need, want &{e/i', goods, estate &ier', beer bind', bind (books) &irc^', bird blank', white &/e^', cry (of beasts) blind', blind blond', fair (of hair) &Zot;', blow blu, blue &o', d. relat. by marriage 44 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE lijwJ^. hoat', boat hof, bark (dog's) hoV, boil (intr.) hon, good hor'y bore (tr.) &or(i', shore, bank h order , border, hem hors\ bourse, exchange hot', boot hotel', bottle hov, ox Irak', arm (of the body) hram', bream brand', branch brand', brandy brasih', cabbage bret', shelf brid', bridle brik', brick briV, shine (intr.) broc', brooch brod', embroider brog, scald bros', brush bru, noise brul', bum (intr.) brun, brown brusf, chest, breast ftr-M-f , brute, cattle bub', lad, urchin &wc', slaughter buf, toad 5w^r, ringlet, curl but, clod, ball 6wZ&', bulb, onion / bulk', roll (bread) burd', drone (insect) &Mr^', citizen burg on , bud &ws', mouth buter, butter b utile', shop buton, button C cerf', to yield cejan, cornflower eel', aim, object cend', cent (coin) cen^^ hundred cerb', brain, mind cert', certain, sure cerv', deer ceter, rest, remaining cifer, cypher, numeral cigar', cigar cigared', cigarette cign, swan cikoni', stork cim', bug cindr, ash, cinder cir', shoe-polish cirhonstanc , c i r c u m- stance cirkuler, circular (no- tice) cit' , cite, mention citron, lemon col', inch ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 46 cagren, grieve (tr.) darnbr, room can', cock (of a gun) cap\ cap capeT, hat capitr, chapter car, for, because carlatan , charlatan carm, charm carnir, hinge carpent', carpentry cas, hunt, chase cast', chaste ce, at, with cef, chief cemiz, shirt cen', chain ceriz, cherry cerlc, coffin cerp, draw (from any source) ces, cease, desist ' fA^ cevaV, horse **•/ / ci, d. proximity: tie 'ci-tMV, there; tie ci, here cia, every (kind) ciam, always die, everywhere ciel, in every manner cieV, heaven, sky dies, everybody's cif, crumple, crease cifon, rag ciJcan, chicanery cio, everything, all ciom, all of it cirkaUf round, about ciu, each, every one ciz, chisel, carve cj', d. masc. affect, di- minutives cu, whether; asks a ques- tion uUju* ^^^***- ^ *4« J"^ Ic^iv^rfiSttU D da is used instead of de after words expressing weight or measure : junto da viando, a pound of meat daJctil', date (fruit) danc, dance dand', dandy danger', danger danlc, thank / ^^ f dat', date (time) cUUM/nv. ^^ daur, endure, last de of, from; with pass. part, hy dec, becoming Decemhr, December decid', decide (tr.) decifr, decipher dedic , dedicate defend', defend degel' , thaw dejor, be on duty 46 ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE dek, ten dehliv', slope dekstr, right-hand delir, be delirious demand', ask dens', dense, close dent', tooth denunc, denounce depend', depend des, the {ju..des the.. the) desegn, design detaV, detail detru, destroy dev , must, dev'ig' compel deviz', device, motto dezert', (the) desert dezir, desire, wish Di', God diahl', devil diboc, debauchery difeJct', to damage diferenc, differ difin, define, destine dig', dike dik', thick, stout dikt', dictate diligent', diligent dimanc, Sunday dir', say, tell direkt' , direct, steer dis', d. separation diskont', discount dispon, dispose disput', dispute stine disting', distinguish distr , distract diven, divine, guess divers', various, diverse divid', divide do, then, accordingly dole', sweet dolor', pain, ache dom', house _^ domag, (it is a) pity nUfrtt^ don, give "^-^f^u^^, donac, make a present dorlot', coddle . . j dorm, sleep cU^'"^,*^^^ dorn, thorn dors', (the) back dot', dowry drap , woolen cloth dras, thrash dres', train (animal) drink', drink (to excess) drog', drug dron'y drown, sink (intr.) du, two dub', doubt duk', duke dum, during, while, whilst dung, hire (servant) E e, t. of adv. eh en, even, smooth ehV, d. possibility ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE 41 ec, d. abst. idea ec, even (adv.) edif, edify eduk', educate edz\ husband efehtiv, real, actual efilc , have effect eg', d. increase egaV, equal e%\ echo ef, d. place allotted to ek', d. sudden or open- ing act eks', ex- (who has been) eJcscif, excite eTcshurs', trip ehsped', dispatch eJcster, outside elcsterm, crush out ekstrem, extreme ekzamen, examine ekzempV, example eTczerc , exercise ekziV, banish ehzist', exist el, out of, from among elefant', elephant eleM, choose em\ d. propensity embaras', puzzle, embar- rass emhush', ambush enigm', puzzle entrepren', undertake enu'j be wearied envi , envy er, d. unit erar, error, mistake erinac, hedgehog ermif, hermit erp', harrow escept', except eslcadr, squadron esper\ hope esplor', explore esprirriy express est', be (verb aux.) estim , esteem esting, extinguish estr , d. chief esafod', scaffold ef, d. diminution etag, story (of house) etend', extend (tr.) etern, eternal evit', avoid ezoh' , pike (fish) fah', bean fab el' , tale, story fabV, fable fabrih', factory facil', easy /^y faden, thread ^^*^^^^^^X^ fag', beech-tree i^rt/^^'^'^^ fajf, whistle fajl', file (tool) fajr', fire / ^ ^^ fah', compartment jp^^h*^*^^*''^ 48 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE faM, fact faktur, invoice faV,^ fall falc, mow, cut grass fald', fold falh'y falcon fdls, falsify fam, fame, rumour famili', family fand', cast (metal) fantom', ghost far, do, make faring', pharynx farm', take on lease fart', be (well or un- well) farun, flour fask', bundle fast', fast (vb.) fauk\ jaws, gullet favor, favour fazan', pheasant fehr , fever Fehruar, February fee', lees, sediment fein', fairy fel', hide, fleece felic, happy, lucky felt', felt femur, thigh /encZ', split, rive (tr.) fenestr, window fer , iron ferdek', deck (of ship) ferm', shut, close fervor , zeal /esf , festival festen', banquet fianc, betrothed fibr', fibre ^^', to rely upon fidel', faithful fier, proud fig'y fig ^^i/r', image, represent fil', son /i?t^', fern fin, end, finish (tr.) fingr', finger ^rm', firm /?s', fish flam', flame flanJc', side, flank /Zar', smell (tr.) ^af, flatter flav', yellow fieg', nurse (the sick) fleJcs, bend ^iZ::'^ patch, mend flirt', flit, flirt flok', flake /Zor', flower /?os', raft flu, flow M',^ fly (vb.) fluid', fluid ^iff , flute foir, fair (subst.) /o;', time (three times, &c.) ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 49 fojn\ hay folc', seal (animal) foil, leaf, sheet fond', found, start font', spring, fount fontan, fountain for, forth, out, away forges', forget forg', forge, smithy fork', fork form', shape formik', ant forn, stove, furnace fort', strength fortik', strong, solid fos',^ dig fost', post, stake frag', strawberry fraf, spawn frak', dress coat frakas, shatter fraksen, ash (tree) framason, freemason framh', raspberry fraud', -ajo, sweets, dain- ties frang, fringe frap, hit, strike fraf, brother frauV, bachelor fremd', foreign frenez, crazy, mad fres, fresh, new fripon, rogue friz', dress (hair) fromag, cheese frost', frost frot', rub fru, early frugileg', rook frukt', fruit frunt', forehead ftiz, phthisis fulg', soot fulm, lightning fum', smoke fund', bottom fundament' , foundation funehr, funeral funeV, funnel fung', mushroom funt', pound furag, forage furioz, rage fus, bungle fut', foot (measure) ga] ,gay, merry gajn, gain, earn gar,ga\\ galos, rubber-shoe gamas, gaiter gant', glove garanti', guarantee / garl', sheaf, shock ^^'^'^^^^^^ gard' , guard gar gar , rinse, gargle gas', gas 50 ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE vii/Li^ gast', guest grinc, to grate (intr.) gazet\ newspaper griz, grey ge, d. both sexes gros, gooseberry general', general (mili- gru, crane (bird) tary officer) grup, group gent'^ tribe gudr, tar genu, knee gum', gum, mucilage gest', gesture gurd', barrel organ glaci, ice gust', taste (noun) glad', to iron gut', drop, drip glan, acorn guvern', -istino, govern- glas' , glass, tumbler ess glat', smooth / glav, sword a/^ ^^^*<^. gvardi', guard (military) gvid', to guide glW, glide, slide gloh' , globe G glor, glory glu,^ glue garden', garden ^Zwf, swallow (vb.) gem', groan gorg, throat gen, incommode ^raci', graceful general', general (adj.) grad' , degree gentiV, polite graf, earl, count germ', germ grajn, a grain, pip gi, it grand', great, tall ^i6', hump gras', fat giraf, giraffe graf, scratch ^is^ until, as far as gratuV, congratulate §oj\ m, glad grav', important gu, enjoy graved', pregnant ^ws^', exact, right gravur', engrave gren'j grain H gri', gruel grifeV, slatepencil ha, ah griV, cricket (insect) 7ia;7', hail ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 51 hah', to chop liaT , great room, hall haladz, bad exhalation JiaW, stop (intr.) liar', hair hard', harden haring', herring harp , harp haut' , skin, hairless hav, have haven, port, harbour heder, ivy hejm', home /le/f, heat (vb.) Bjjf^ Tier, bright, glaring j/jLf^ help , help •^ hepat', liver /ier6', grass hered', inherit Tiero', hero hierau, yesterday hipohrit', feign hirud', leech hirund', swallow (bird) histrih' , porcupine ho! oh! hodiau, to-day hole', hook Tiom', man honest', honest honor , honour hont', shame hor', hour horde, barley horlog, clock, watch ^4ji£. hosti, sacred host huf, hoof humil', humble humor', humour, temper hund', dog H %aos , chaos fiemi', chemical fiimer, chimera holer', cholera fior', chorus, choir i, t. of infinitive ia, some (any) kind ial^ for some (any) cause, reason iam, at some (any) time, ever, once id', d. descendant of ide', idea ie, some-, anywhere iel, some-, anyhow ies, some-, any one's ig', d. causing to be ig', d. becoming il', d. instrument ill, they, them ilumin, illuminate imag', imagine imit' , imitate imperi', empire 62 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE implik', entangle impres, impression felt, influence in', d. feminine incif, provoke, incite, tease ind', d. worthy of indign', indignant indulg, to be indulgent infan, child infeht'y infect infer , hell influ, influence ing', d. holder iniciat', initiate inJc', ink inhlin, inclined to inselct'y insect insid\ ensnare instig', instigate instrii, teach insuV, island insult', insult, abuse int', past part. act. intend , intend inter, between, among interes, interest intern , inner, inside intest', intestine intrig', to plot invit', invite io, some-, anything iom', a little, some, rather iV, go is, d. past tense ist', d. profession it', d. past part. iu, some-, any one izoV, isolate J j, t. of the plural . ja, in fact tl^\Jlj^ jak', jacket jam, already Januar, January jar, year je, indefinite preposition jen, behold ! lo ! jes, yes ju — des, the . . the jug', yoke jugland' , walnut . ^ f^. jug', judge i^t^f^^ juk' , itch ^ Juli, July jun, young jung', to couple, harness Juni', June jup, petticoat, skirt ju^t', just, righteous juveV, jewel J jaluz, jealous jaud', Thursday jet', throw jongV, juggle iJiA jur , swear jus' , just, at the very moment Tcac', pap Tcadr , frame / .•J, leaduh', frail th^V\/f^ leaf , coffee hag, cage TcaheV, dutch tile Z;ay, and Jcajer, paper-covered book hajut\ cabin, hut IcaV, corn (on foot) Jcaldron'j boiler Icales , carriage Icalih', chalice, cup tcdlh', lime jj r, halTcan, heel XJc/y'lcancuV , reckon > HxL^^f^^^^^' '> nnderdrawers f 'Jcalumni, slander hamhi', bill of exchange IcameV, camel Teamen', fireplace learner , camera iSCJ^^^^'^ field . ^^Ican', csiJie(JU^a^J /^[^'^ Tcandb', hemp ^ IcanajV, scoundrel hanap, sofa, lounge ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 53 leankr' , crayfish Icani! , sing leap , head IcapabV, capable Teanari', canary A£V^ ^ IcandeV, candle leapr, goat leapric, whim kapt', catch lear, dear learaf, carafe, decanter learV, coal hard', thistle hares', caress harot', carrot harp, carp (fish) A:arf, card, map harton, cardboard has', cash box haserol' , stewpan hash', helmet hasteV, castle hastor, beaver has, hide (vb.) hastan, chestnut hat', cat hatar, catarrh haten', fetter hauz, cause Zi^tti;', cave, hollow havern, cavern haz', case (gram.) he, that (conj.) A;er, cellar heW, some, several helner, waiter 64 ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE hern, kernel Tcest' , chest, box hia, what kind of Icial, why, wherefore Tciam, when hie, where hiel, how, as hies, whose hio, what (thing) hiom, how much his , kiss fcm, who, which hlaft', fathom (ms.) Mar, clear, plain Mas', class, sort Mav', key (piano) A;Zer', educated hlin', bend, incline hlopod', take trouble AjZwz', sluice hnab', boy hned', to knead hohold', goblin, imp Aroyn', wedge ifcoA;', cock hohs', hip ^or, neck holhas , sausage holeg', colleague holeht' , collect holer , angry holomh' , dove holon , column holor, colour hol'um, collar horn, comma homb', comb homenc', commence (tr.) homerc, trade homfort', comfort homisi', commission homitat', committee homiz, clerk homod' , chest of drawers hompar, compare hompat', to pity homplez , obliging, kind hompost', set (type) hompren', understand homun', common hon' , know (be acquaint- ed with) hondamn, condemn hondic, stipulation honduh', to conduct honduf, to behave honfid', to trust honfuz, to confuse honh', shell honhlud', conclude, infer honhur, compete honhurs, enter into com- petition honsci', be conscious honserv, preserve honsiV, to advise honsol', console honstat', to state, estab- lish (a fact) honstern', amaze ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 56 Jconstru, to build Icontant', cash down Icontor, office (com.) hontrau, against Iconven, to suit, befitting Iconvinh', convince Tcor, heart l^orh', basket Tcord', cord (music) Icoreht', to correct Icorh', cork Icorn, horn horp, body Icort', court, yard Icorv', raven Z;o5f , cost, price hof, dirt hoton, cotton Jcoturn, quail (bird) ^oi;', to brood Tcovert', envelope hovr, cover Tcrac, spit (saliva) Icrad', grate Icrajon, pencil 1^ Icramp, clamp AAf^ hran, tap, spigot \j^ji/Z Icrani , skull Tcravat', cravat A:re', create Icred'y believe Jcrem', cream hren, horse-radish (wild) Tcresh', grow, increase hret'y chalk Icrev, burst (intr.) lcri\ cry, shout IcriW, to sift Icrim', crime IcripV, crippled A;roc', hook to, cling to Tcrom, besides, in ad- dition to Jcron, crown kroz', to cruise kruc, jug, pitcher hruc, cross Tcrud', raw IcrueV, cruel' A;rwr', leg A;ri/^', steep hubut' , elbow Icudr', sew ^i/f, woman's cap TcugV, bullet A:mr', cook huh' , cooky, cake huhoV, cuckoo hukum', cucumber huhurh', pumpkin huV, gnat huler , spoon hulp, fault, blame hurt, with, A;i^7i'e together hunihl', rabbit hupr, copper hur', to run hurac, cure, treat hurag', courage 66 ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE Tcurh', curve Tcurten, curtain husen, cushion Tcus, lie (down) kutim', custom kuv', tub, vat kuz, cousin kvankam, although kvant', quantity kvar, four kvartal', quarter town) kvazau, as if kverk', oak kviet', calm kvin, five kvitanc, receipt V, la, the labor , labour lac, weary, tired lacert', lizard lac, lace (boot) lad', tin plate laf, lava lag', lake lak', varnish lake', lackey laks', diarrhoea lakt', milk lam, lame lamp , lamp Ian, wool land', land, country {glvufu^j (of kn^', tongu( lantern , lantern lanug', down, fluff /ar^', bacon * larg, broad, wide laring , larynx larm', tear (of eye) las', leave, let last', last, latest lau, according to laub, green arbour laud', praise laut', loud, aloud lav, wash lecion, lesson led', leather leg', read legom', vegetable leg, law /Lf, lentil *ttSwbt'5l^^^ lentug', freckle <^i^>C^v Zeon', lion lepor', hare Zerri', learn lert', skilful, clever le>ter, letter, epistle lev, lift, raise Zi, he (him) liher, free Zt&r', book lien, spleen Kg', bind, tie lign, wood (the sub- stance) ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE 57 Urn', limit limah', snail ifou-^ lin, flax ^ lingv , language lini', line lip , lip ?^f , bed liter , letter (of the al- phabet) liver , supply, deliver log', entice log, to lodge, live loTc', place, locality long', long lorn', opera-glass lot', draw lots lu', rent ?t/-(i', play luV, lull asleep Zi/.m', light, 'i to shine lumh', loins Zt/*rt', moon Zwnd', Monday Zi^p', wolf lupol', hops Zw5^r', chandelier lut', solder Zi^^/, otter M mac, unleavened bread mac, chew m/igazen', warehouse magi!, magic Maf, May majest', majesty majstr, master (pro- fession) mahler', broker makul', stain, spot makzeV, jaw maV , d. opposites malgrau, in spite of mam', breast (female) ma/i', hand mang', to eat manier , manner manik', sleeve mank', lack, want mar, sea marc, swamp mar Sand', to bargain mard', Tuesday mark', mark, stamp marmor , marble Mart', March mars, march marteV, hammer mason, do mason's work mast' , mast mastr, master (of house) mas', mesh masin, machine maten, morning matrac, mattress matur , ripe melV, piece of furniture mec, wick me-yZ', mile 68 ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE met, badger mehagr', turkey melk', milk (vb.) mem, self, selves memhr , member memor', memory mend , order (goods) mensog', tell a lie menton , chin merit', merit merhred', Wednesday met', put, place meti', handicraft mev', sea-gull mez, middle mezur, measure mi, I (me) mieV, honey mien , mien migdaV, almond migr, migrate miles', mix mil, thousand mint' , war minac, to threaten miop, short-sight miozot', forget-me-not mir, wonder mister', mystery mizer , misery moder, moderate modest', modest mole', to mock moV, soft mon'j money monafi', monk monarV, monarch monat' , month mond', world mont' , mountain montr, show mor, habit, usage morbil', measles mord', bite morgan, to-morrow mort', die morter, mortar most', general title. Vi'a reg'a most'o, your maj- esty, vi'a most'o, your honour mov', move (tr.) muet, mill vItT mug', to roar (wind, &c.) muk', mucus mult', much, many mur, wall mus', mouse mush', moss muskol' , muscle mustard', mustard mus , fly (a) mut', dumb N n, end. of direct obj. naci', nation nag', swim ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE 59 najhar, neighbour najl', nail najtingal', nightingale nap', turnip nasJc', give oirth nasTiig , be born natur', nature nau, nine nauz', to sicken naz', nose ne^ no, not nebul' , fog neces, necessary negoc, business neg, snow neh — neJc, neither — nor nenia, no kind of neniam, never nenie, nowhere neniel, nohow nenies, no one's nenio, nothing neniom, not a bit neniu, nobody nep, grandson nepr, unfailingly nest\ nest net', clean copy nev' , nephew ni, we, us nigr black niveV, level nj , d. fern, affect, dim. nohel', nobleman nohV, noble noht' , night nom', name nombr, number nort^', north nov, new Novemhr, November nul well! nuanc, shade, hue nub', cloud ni^^', naked wwZ;', nape of neck nuks, nut nuV , zero numer', number (No.) nun, now wi/r^ only (adv.) nutr, nourish, feed 0, end. of nouns obe, obey ohjeht', thing, object obr, . .-fold, duo'bV, two- fold obstin, obstinate odor, odour, smell of end', offend ^ / A ofer, to offer (as sacri- Offff^^/^/ fice, gift, &c.) foiaTui Jg. o^c, office (employment) ^^ • J ^ o/f , often "\a/n/Lf f^ oh, eight » /^ oA;^;^', occur, -o occasion, case 60 ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE olccident', west OMohr, October okuV, eye ohup, occupy ol, than ole, oil omar, lobster ombr , shadow omhreV , umbrella on, d. fractions ond\ wave oni, one, people, they onhl' , uncle oni\ end. fut. part. act. op, d. collective numer- als opini', to opine oportun, handy or, gold ord\ order, regularity or den , order (decora- tion) ordon', order, command Orel' , ear orf, orphan orgen', organ (music) orient' , east or nam, ornament OS, end. of fut. tense osced', yawn ost', bone ostr', oyster of, end. fut. part. pass. ov, egg oval', oval pac , peace pacienc', patience paf, shoot, fire pag, pay pag, page (book) A^^^C^/j pajV, straw f IjQ^ pak', pack, put up v irfr^J* pal', pale palac, palace palls', stake pa?p', touch, feel palpehr, eyelid /?an', bread pantalon, trousers pantofl', slipper pap, pope papag', parrot papav', poppy paper', paper papili, butterfly ;?a/ , pair, brace pardon , forgive parenc, relation parTcer', by heart parol', speak j5arf , part parti', party, partial j^ pa.', pass A^MUJAe^ paser , sparrow /••^ ^^/j^ pasi', passion pasZ;', Easter past', paste ^ j _ _ .„ pasiec', pie •^^-^t^^t^ ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE 61 hn, pastr, priest, pastor pas, to step past\ pasture (for cattle) pat\ frying-pan *patr', father pauz, to pause pav', peacock pavim', pavement pec, piece pec', pitch peg', woodpecker pejzag, landscape pek', sin pehV, to pickle pel', drive, chase away pelt', fur pelv, basin pen, endeavour^ pend', hang (intr.^ penih' , paint-t3rush pens', think pent', to repent pentr, paint pep', to chirp per, by means of, with perc, perch (fish) perd', lose perdrih', partridge pere, perish perfeM, to perfect perfid', betray per g amen, parchment perl', pearl permes, permit peron', front-steps, stoop itr.) (J persih', peach pes', weigh (tr.) pest', plague pet', request, beg petoV, be roguish, play the wanton petrol', paraffin oil petroseV, parsley pez, weigh (intr.) pi, pious pied', foot (leg) pig, magpie pih', prick, sting pilh', ball (for playing) /nV, pine-tree pine, pinch pingT , pin pint', pointed pip, pipe (tobacco) pipr, pepper pir, pear pirit', gravel pist', to pound, crush piz, pea ;?Zac', public square plac', please plad', plate plafon', ceiling pland', sole (of the foot) planJc', floor plant', plant (vb.) ;??af , flat, plain plaud, clap p?e/, most plekt', weave, plait 62 ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE plen, full plend', complain plet', tray plezur, pleasure pU, more plor', mourn, weep plu, further, longer plug', plough plum', pen plumb', lead (metal) pluv', rain po, apiece, at rate of pohaV, cup, goblet polic, police poligon, buckwheat /»— polur , polish , / pom, apple ponard', dagger pont', bridge popV, poplar-tree popoV, people por, for, for benefit of pord', door porh', hog, pig port', wear, carry posed', possess postj after, behind posten', garrison, station postuV, require, demand pos, pocket post', post, mail potenc', mighty pov, be able, can, could pra{avo), great (grand- father) prav , right (adj.) pre dp, chiefly preciz, precise predih', preach prefer , prefer preg, pray prem', press premi', prize (subst.) pren, take pres', print (vb.) presJcau, almost pret', ready preter, beyond (prep.) prez, price prezent', to present ;7n, (Concerning, about princ, prince princip, principle printemp, springtime privat', private pro, owing to, for the sake of procent', interest . proces, lawsuit j y^ produM', V^^^^^^A^^TT^^^ profund', deep / J*'' 4^ ^ prolcrast', to delay /Xt^^« prohsim', near promen', to walk, stroll promes, promise propon, propose propr'y (one's) own prosper f succeed, thrive ESPERANTO prov', try^ wQX^ proviz, provide prujn, hoar (frost) prun, plum prunt' , to lend / pruv, to prove i/lO pugn, fist ^5- ;?2z^r, flea / pulm\ lung .d5C«/(, ^ii/i;'^ gunpowder pulvor, powder pump', to pump pun , to punish punM', point punt', lace ^w/?', doll pi/?'', pure /m^', pus, matter pifs', push put', well (subst.) pw^r', to rot rah', rob rabat', rebate, discount rob en, rabbi robot', to plane ra^^^^^_ _ resf , remain restoraci', restaurant 64 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE ret' J net rev' , day-dream rezuUat', result rih', currant riheV, to rebel ricev, obtain, get, receive ric', rich rid! , laugh rifug, take refuge rifuz, to refuse rigard', look at rigV, bolt rikoW, reap rilat', relate to, concern rim, rhyme rimarh', to notice rimed', means rimen, strap ring', ring (subst.) np', rib ripet', repeat ripoz, repose, rest riproc', reproach river , river riz', rice rod', roadstead romp', break rond', round, circle ronTc', to snore ros, dew rosf , roast rostr, trunk (of anim.) rof , company (military) roz', rose n^&', rubbish ruhand', ribbon rub en, ruby rug, red rifArf , eructate ri^r, roll (tr.) ru^t', rust (tr.) ruz, trick, ruse sdbaf, Saturday sahl', sand sa^', arrow m^', wise sak', sack sar, salt salat', salad salajr , salary salik', willow salm' , salmon salt', leap, jump salut', salute, greet sam', same san', health sang, blood sankt', holy sa/, soap sarZ;', to weed sat', satiated sauc , sauce sav , save sa', know (mentally) scienc, science sciur, squirrel se, if seh'j grease, fat ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 65 sed, but seg\ saw seg, seat, chair seh', dry seJcaV, rye sekc, dissect selcs', sex seJcv, follow sel\ saddle sem', sow semajn, week sen, without senCf sense send', send sewf , feel, perceive sep, seven Septemhr'y September sere, search seri', series serioz, serious serur', lock (subst.) serv, serve 565, six sezon', season si, him-, her-, it-, one- self, themselves (re- flexive) sxbV, to hiss sid', sit sieg, besiege sigeV, seal (vb.) sign , sign, token 5i^ni/', signify silab', syllable, silab'i to spell silent', to be silent si?i^', flint silh' , silk stmt', monkey simiV, like, similar simpV, simple singuW, hiccup sinjor'y Sir, Mr. sit el' , bucket situaci', situation skal', scale skapoV, shoulder-blade skarah', beetle shatoV, small box skerm'f to fence (sword) 5^t2!', to sketch sklav', slave skrib', write 5^:^', shake skulpf, sculpture skvam, scale (fish) smerald', emerald so&r', sober societ', society soif, thirst so/r, threshold sol' , only, alone soldat', soldier sol en, solemn solv', loosen, solve somer, summer son, sound (subst.) song, dream sonor, give out a sound (as a bell) 66 ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE sopir, long for sorb', absorb sore, witchcraft sovag, wild, savage sort', fate, lot spac , space spec', kind, species spegul', mirror spert', experience spez', el'spez disburse, en'- spez receive (money) spic, spice spile', ear (of corn) spin, spine spinac', spinach spir, breathe spirit', spirit, mind spit', in defiance (of) spong, sponge sprit', wit spron', spur sput', expectorate stab', staff (milit.) stabV, trestle, frame-work staci', station ^A-AiW^^ staV , stall, sty AfZ»^ stamp , stamp, mark start', tin standard', flag stang', pole star, stand stat', state, condition steb', stitch stet, star sterTc', manure stern', stretch out, -ita, prostrate stertor, (death) rattle stomalc', stomach strab', squint Strang , strange, peculiar straf, street strec, stretch streTc, streak, line stri', stripe, wide streak strig', owl strut', ostrich stup', tow (subst.) sturn, starling sub, under, beneath subif, sudden sue, suck sud', south sufer, suffer sufic, sufficient sufoTc', suffocate (tr.) suh', sap, juice sukcen', amber sukces' , succeed suker, sugar sulfur , sulphur sulk', wrinkle sun, sun sup', soup super, over, above supoz, suppose supr, upper (adj.) sur, upon, on surd', deaf surtut'y overcoat ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE 67 svat\ arrange matri- mony sven, to swoon sving, brandish, wave saf, sheep sajn', seem sdk', chess sancel', shake (tr.y sang, change (tr.) sarg, load (a gun) sarg', load, burden sat', to prize, like swum', foam, spray seV, shell, peel, rind selh', braces, suspenders sere, joke si, she (her) slid', shield Sim, mould sind', shingle sink', ham sip, ship sir, tear, rend sirm', shelter slim', mud slos, lock, fasten smac', hearty kiss smir, smear, anoint snur, string sov, push forward soveV, shovel \nrT spar, be sparing spin, spin sprue , sprinkle sranTc', cupboard sraub', screw staV, steel stat'. State 5^t/?', log of wood steV, steal l/of, stuff, tissue Hon, stone s/op', stop up strump', stocking stup, step (ladder, stair- . way) 5w', shoe suld', owe sw?ir', shoulder . f suf, shoot out (corn, &c.) /^d^. "^^ veruk', wart t;e5jp', wasp "Za^Ua- ^0 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE vesper, evening vespert\ bat vest\ to clothe vest', waistcoat vet', bet, wager veter', weather vetur, go (by vehicle) vezik', bladder vi, you viand', meat, flesh vie, row, rank, turn vid', see vidv', widower vigl', alert vilag', village vin, wine vinagr, vinegar vintr, winter viol', violet violon', violin vip, whip vir', man, male virg', virginal virt', virtue vis, wipe vitr, glass (substance) viv', live vizag, face i;t2;if , visit, call on t;oc', voice voj', way, road vojag, voyage vok' , call i;or, wish, will volont', willingly volv , wrap around, roll i^om , vomit vort', word i;osf , tail vuaV, veil i^wZ;?', fox vultur, vulture vund', wound zon, girdle zorg', care for 2t^m', to buzz /JiuAASS • SHOET YOCABULAEY ENGLISH — ESPERANTO The words contained in this vocabulary are sufficient for most ordinary purposes. Although they seem few, it must be remembered that from these many other words may be easily formed by means of suffixes and grammatical endings. For instance, although "beautiful" is found in the vocabulary, both "ugly" and "beauty" are want- ing. However, any one can form these words: malbela, ugly; heleco, beauty. Other examples are: mal-san-ul-o (an invalid) from san' (healthy) ; antau-vid-i (to foresee) ; and mal- help'i (to hinder) from helpi (to help). Fur- thermore, it has not been considered necessary to include such international words as "locomotive," "telephone," etc. These are the same in Esperanto as in English; but of course they must be spelled phonetically: loJcomotivo, telefono, etc. Only words with the sign * are invariable. across, *trans about, *pri, *cirkaii above, *super accompany, akompani according to, *lau account, kalkulo accurate, akurata accustom, kutimigi acid, acido acquire, akiri act, agi actual, efektiva add, aldoni address (a letter), adresi adept, adepto adieu, *adiaii administer, administri admire, admiri adore, adori advertise, anonci 71 12 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE affair, afero after, *post again, re against, *kontrau age, ago agreeable, agrabla agree, konsenti ah! *ha! aim, cell air (subst.), aero air (vb.), aerumi album, albumo all, *cio, *ciuj allow, permesi almost, *preskau alms, almozo alone, sola alphabet, alfabeto already, *jam also, *ankau although, *kvankam always, *ciam among, *inter amu^e, amuzi anchor, ankro ancient, antikva and, *kaj angel, angelo anger, kolero angle, angulo annoy, enuigi answer, respond! ant, formiko anxiety, maltrankvilo any, *ia, *m anyhow, *iel any one, *iu any one's, *ies anything, *io anytime, *iam anywhere, *ie appear, aperi apple, pomo apricot, abrikoto argue, disputi argument, argumento arm, brako around, *cirkau arouse, veki arrange, arangi art, arto as, *kiel ash, cindro ask, demand! ass, azeno assist, help! at, *en, *ce, *apud at least, *almenau attack, atak! attain, a ting! attempt, prov! attentive, atenta attest, atesti author, aiitoro authority i raj to, autor!- tato average, meznombro avoid, evit! await, atend! awake, vek! ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE IS away. 'for axis, akso B "bachelor, fraiilo hack (subst.), dorso hack (adv.), re- hag, sako taggage, pakajo lyake, baki halance, balanci hank, banko haptise, bapti har, bari hare, nuda hark (of dog), bojo hark (of tree), selo harley, hordeo harrel, barelo hasket, korbo hath, banc hattle, batalo he, esti heah, beko heam (of sun), radio heam (of wood), trabo hean, fabo hear (subst), urso hear (vb.), porti, toleri hear (to produce), pro- dukti heard, barbo heast, besto heat, bati heautiful, bela he come, farigi &e^^^f:J:^. &/e5s^ beni & /{w^Z ( ad j . ) , blinda 14 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE bloody sango blow (vb.), blovi blue, blua body, korpo boil (vb.), boli bone, osto bonnet, capelo book, libro book-keeping, librotenado boot, boto bore (vb.), bori borrow, prunte preni both, *ainbau bottle, botelo bottom, fundo boundary, limo bouquet, bukedo bourse, borso box (subst.), kesto, ska- tolo box (vb.), bati, pugni boy, knabo brain, cerbo branch, branco bread, pano break, rompi breast, brusto breathe, spiri brick, briko bridge, ponto bright, brila broad, larga brother, frato brown, bnina brushy brosi bucket, sitelo buffet, bufedo &m?<^, konstrui &2^Z&, bulbo &i^ZZ, virbovo bullet, kuglo bureau, oficejo &2/r7i (v. n.), bruli &i^rfi (v. a.), bruligi 6w^^ *sed butter, butero butterfly, papilio button, butono buy, aceti by, *per, *apud cabbage, brasiko cabin, kajuto cage, kago cake, kuko calculate, kalkuli call, voki camel, kamelo can (subst), kruco can (vb.), povi candle, kandelo candy, bombono cane, kano capable, kapabla car (railroad), vagono carafe, karafo card, karto care, zorgi ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 15 caress, karesi carpenter, carpento carpet, tapiso carriage, kaleso carrot, karoto case, skatolo cash, kaso cast (metals), fandi cast (throw), Jeti castle, kastelo cat, kato catch, kapti cause, kaiizi cave, kavo cavern, kaverno cease, cesi, halti ceiling, plafono cellar, kelo cement, cemento certain, certa chagrin, cagreno _A- chain, ceno ^ '• chamber, cambro f change, sangi chapter, capitro charm, carmi chase, casi chatter, babili cheat, trompi cheeh, vango cheese, fromago chemise, cemizo chemistry, hemic cheque, ceko cherry, cerizo chess, sakoj chew, maci chief, cefo, estro c/tt76?^ infano chin, mentono chocolate, cokolado choose, elekti cigar, cigaro cigarette, cigaredo cinder, cindro circumstance, c i r k o n- stanco claim, postuli clamp (bracket), krampo clay, argilo clean, pura clear, klara clerk, komizo clever, lerta clock, horlogo cloth (a), tuko cloth (goods), drapo clothe, vesti cloud, nubo club, klubo coaZ^ karbo coal-oil, petrolo coast, bordo coffee, kafo coffin, cerko collar, kolumo collect, kolekti colour, koloro column, kolono comh, kombi 76 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE come, veni comma, komo command, ordoni commerce, komerco commission, komisio committee, komitato common, komuna, ordi- nara communicate, komuniki companion, kolego compare, kompari compassion, kompato complain, plendi conceal, kasi concerning, *pri conclude, konkludi condition, kondico conduct, konduto conduct (vb.), konduki confess, konfesi confide, konfidi confuse, konfuzi congratulate, gratuli conquer, venki, subreg- nigi conscience, konscienco conscious, konscia consent, konsenti console, konsoli constant, konstanta construct, konstrui content, kontenta contents (subst.), enhavo continue, daiiri contract, kontrakti convenient, oportuna convince, konvinki coolc, kniri copper, knpro copy, kopio corh, korko corn, greno corner, angulo correct, korekti correspond, korespondi cost, kosti cotton, kotono cough, tusi count, kalkuli counter, kontoro country, lando cousin, kuzo cover, kovri covetous, avara crafty, ruza cravat, kravato crawl, rampi cream, kremo create, krei crime, krimo cross (subst.), kmco crowd, amaso crown, kroni cruel, kruela crumple, cifi cry, krii cry (of beasts), bleki cuff, manumo cup, taso cupboard, sranko ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 11 curtain, kurteno curved, kurba cushion, kuseno custom, kutimo cut, tranci damage, difekto dance, danci danger, dangero day, tago deaf, surda dear, kara deceive, trompi decide, decidi deck, ferdeko dedicate, dedici deep, profunda deer, cervo defend, defend! define, difini deformed, kripla demand, postuli denounce, denunci dense, densa department, fako depict, pentri, figuri desert, dezerto desert (verb), forlasi deserve, merit! design, desegni desire, dez!r! destroy, detrui detail, detalo devil, d!ablo dew, roso diameter, d!ametro diamond, d!amanto die, mort! dig, fos! diligent, d!l!genta direct, d!rekt! disappoint, cagren! discharge (pour out), sut! discount, d ! s k o n t o, rabato dish, plado dispute, disputi distract, distr! distribution, d!sdono diverse, d! versa divide, d!v!d! divine (vb.)^ d!ven! do, far! dog, hundo doll, pupo dollar, dolaro door, pordo dot, punkto doubt, dub! dough, pasto dove, kolombo draw (out), t!ri draw (along), tr en! draw (pictures), pentri drawers (chest of), ko- modo 18 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE dream, songi drink, trinki drop, guto drown, droni drug, drogo drum, tamburo dry, seka duck, anaso dumb, muta iZi^^^, polvo duty, devo eac^^ *cia, *ciu eagle, agio 6ar^ orelo earZi/, frua earth, tero 605^^ oriento Easter, pasko eas?/^ facila ea^^ mangi ecstasy, ravo ecZ^e, rando editor, redaktoro educate, eduki e^ec^, efiki egg, ovo ei(7/i^^ *ok elastic, elasta elbow, kubuto elect, elekti elephant, elefanto embarrass, geni embrace, cirkaiipreni eminent, eminenta enceinte, graveda end, fini endeavour, peni endure, toleri, suferi engage, rizervi, promesi engineer, ingeniero enough, sufica entice, logi envelope, koverto envy, envio epoch, epoko egi/aZ, egala error, eraro especially, precipe establish, fondi esteem, estimi eternal, eterna even (adj.), ebena even (adv.), *ec evening, vespero every, *cia every one, *cm everything, *cio everywhere, *cie examine, ekzameni example, ekzeihplo except, escepti exchange (bill of), kam- bio execute, ekzekuti exercise, ekzerco exhibition, ekspozicio exist, ekzisti ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE V9 expedite, ekspedi expel, peli expend, elspezi expert, sperta explode, eksplodi explore, esplori express, esprimi extinguish, estingi extreme, ekstrema eye, okulo eyelid, palpebro F fahle, fablo face, vizago fade, velki faint, sveni fair (subst.), foiro faithful, fidela falcon, falko fall (of year), autuno fall (vb.), fall false, falsa family, familio fan, ventumilo fancy, revo fashion, modo fast (adj.), rapida fast (vb.), fasti fat, grasa fate, sorto father, patro fault, kiilpo favour, favori fear, timi /efl^s^^ festi feel (v. a.), palpi /ee? (v. n.), senti felt, felto fever, febro ^e/^^ kampo ^^. figo ^^/^^^ batali /iZfer^ filtri find, trovi finger, fingro finish, fini /?r^ abio ^re^ fajro firm, firma ^s/i^ fiso ^s^^ pugno five, *kvin ^a.^, standardo fiat, plata flatter, flati ^a:c^ lino fleece, felo ^owr^ faruno ^ow^ flui flower, floro ^w^^ laimge /^-wit?^ fluajo ^i^^e^ fluto fly (vb.), flugi ^ /?!/ (subst.), nrnso foam, saiimo fog, nebulo fold, faldi 80 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE follow, sekvi foot, piedo for, *por, *pro, *car forehead, frunto foreign, fremda forge, forgi forget, forgesi forget-me-not, miozoto forgive, pardoni fork, forko forth, *for fortified, fortika fortunate, felica fountain, fonto four, *kvar fox, vulpo frame, kadro franc, franko free, libera fresh, fresa Friday, vendredo friend, amiko fright, teruro frog, rano from, *e\, *de front, fronto frost, frosto /rwi^^ f rukto frying pan, pato fulfil, plenumi /^ZZ^ plena fume (subst), haladzo funeral, funebro fur, pelto furious, freneza furniture, meblaro furrow, sulko gam, gajni gall, galo garden, gardeno garlic, ajlo ^as^ gaso gather, kolekti gay, gaja gentle, gentila gentleman, sinjoro genus, gento ^e^^ ricevi give, doni, donaci ^Zass^ vitro glass (a), glaso ^?o&e^ globo glory, gloro ^/o2;e^ ganto glue, gluo ^na^^ kulo ^0^ iri goat, kapro (?o^, Dio gold, oro p'006^^ bona good-hye, *adiau goods, stofo goose, ansero grain, greno ^raiw (a), grajno grandfather, avo , ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 81 grandson, nepo grape, vinbero grass, herbo grasshopper, akrido grease, sebo great, granda green, verda grey, griza grind, mueli groan, gemi grow, kreski guarantee, garantio guard, gardi guess, diveni guest, gasto gulf, golfo gum, gumo gunpowder, pulvo H /iai7^ hajlo /ifliV^ haro ham, sinko hammer, martelo hand, mano handicraft, metio handy, lerta /lan^^ pendi hangings, tapeto happen, okazi happy, felica harbour, haveno hardly, *apenaii, mal- facile Tiare^ leporo /lar^^ harpo harrow, erpi Tia^^ capelo /iai;e^ havi hay, fojno /^e^ li /tea 6^^ kapo health, sano /lear^ audi heart, koro /lea^ (v. a.), hejti heaven, cielo /leeZ, kalkano hell, infero helmet, kasko /ie?p^ helpi hemp, kanabo here, *tie ci hero, her 00 herring, haringo hew, haki /iiiZe (subst), hauto hide (vb.), kasi /it^/i^ alta hinge, carniro hire, dungi /li^^ frapi hoarse, raiika hog, porko hold, teni TioZe^ truo /io??/^ sankta home, hejmo honest, honesta 82 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE honey, mielo honour, honori hoof, hufo hoolc, hoko hope, esperi horse, cevalo horse-radish, rafano host, mastro hotel, hotelo hour, horo house, domo how, *kiel however, *tainen, *do how much, many, *kioin humble, humila humour, humoro hump, gibo hundred, *cent hunt, casi hurt, vundi, dolori hushand, edzo I I, mi ice, glacio if, *se illustration, ilustrajo imitate, imiti immediately, *tuj important, grava inch, colo incite, inciti incline, klini increase, kreski indeed, *ja industrious, diligent a industry, industrio infant, infano infect, infekti influence, influi inherit, heredi injure, vundi, difekti inlc, inko inner, interna insect, insekto insert, enmeti instead, *anstataii instruct, instrui insult, insulti insure, asekuri intend, intenci interest, interesi intestine, intesto invite, inviti iron, fero iron (vb.), gladi island, insulo it, gi itch, juko ivy, hedero jaclcet, jako jaw, faiiko jealous, jaluza jewel, juvelo join, jungi, aligi joint, artiko ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE 83 joJce, serci journal, jurnalo journey, veturo joy, gojo judge, jugi jug, kruco juice, suko just (adj.), justa just (adv.), *jus, guste Jceep, konservi keg, barelo kernel, kerno kerosene, petrolo kettle, kaldrono key, slosilo kidney, reno hind (subst), speco hind (adj.), aminda, afa- bla king, rego kingdom, regno, reglando kiss, kisi knee, genuo know, scii, koni labour, labori lace, pasamento lake, lago lame, lama land, lando language, lingvo lantern, lanterno lard, lardo large, granda lark, alaudo last (adj.), lasta last (vb.), daiiri laugh, ridi law, lego lead (subst.), plumbo lead (vb.), konduki, es- tradi leaf, folio lean (vb.), apogi leap, salti learn, lerni leather, ledo /eai;e (subst.), permeso leave (vb.), lasi legend, legendo legume, legomo lemon, citrono lend, prunte doni lentil, lento lesson, leciono letter, letero letter (of alphabet), li- tero lick, leki lie (down), kusi lie (tell a), mensogi lift, levi light (subst.), lumo lightning, fulmo like (vb.), sati, ami 84 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE nice (adj.), simila je lily, lilio lime, kalko limit, limo line, linio linen, tolo lion, leono lip, lipo listen, aiiskiilti live, vivi, logi liver, hepato lizard, lacerto lo! *jen load (a gun), sargi locJc (subst), seruro loch (vb.), slosi locomotive, lokomotivo lodge, logi long (adj.), longa long (vb.), sopiri lose, perdi lot (cast), loto lottery, loterio loud, laiita lounge, kanapo love, ami lucifer, alumeto lung, pulmo M machine, masino mad, kolera, freneza magpie, pigo mail, posto maize, maizo majesty, majesto make, fari man, homo, viro manner, maniero manufactory, fabriko many, multa maple, acero marble, marmoro margin, margeno marsh, marco mason, masonisto mass, amaso mast, masto master, mastro mat, mato match, alumeto mattress, matraco meal, faruno, mangado means, rimedo measure, mezuri meat, viando medicine, kuracilo meet, renkonti melon, melono member, membro memory, memoro mercury, hidrargo mesh, maso middle, mezo migrate, migri mile, mejlo milk (subst.), lakto milk (vb.), melki mill, mueli ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 85 mind, animo, cerbo mine, mia (poss. pron.) mirror, spegulo misery, mizero mix, miksi mixture, miksajo model, modeli moderate, modera modest, modesta molasses, siropo mole, talpo Monday, lundo money, mono monJc, monaho monhey, simio month, monato moon, luno more, *pli morning, mateno moss, musko most, *plej mountain, monto mourn, plori mouse, muso mouth, buso move, movi mow, falci much, multe mucilage, gumo mud, koto mule, mulo murmur, murmuri must (vb.), devi mustard, mustardo mutter, murnmregi N nail, najlo nail (finger), ungo naTced, nuda name, nomi nape, nuko nation, nacio nature, naturo near, proksima near to (prep.), *apud necessary, neeesa neclc, kolo need (vb.), bezoni neigh, bleki neighbour, najbaro neither, *nek nephew, nevo wes^^ nesto we^, reto nettle, urtiko never, *neniam new, nova night, nokto nightingale, najtingalo nine, *nau 710^ *ne no&Ze^ nobla nohleman, nobelo nohody, *neniu nohow, *neniel noise, bruo none, *neniom no one's, *nenies nor, *nek ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE north, nordo nose, nazo not, *ne nothing, *iienio nourish, nutri now, *nun nowhere, *nenie number, nombro, numero nut, nukso oak, kverko oar, remilo oats, aveno obey, obei object, objekto object, kontraustari obstinate, obstina obstruct, bari occasion, okazo occupy, okupi odour, odoro of, *de, *da offend, ofendi offer (sacrifice), oferi ojfer (present), prezenti officiate, agi often, ofte oh I *ho ! oil, oleo on, *sur one, *unii onion, bulbo onZi/ (adj.), sola only (adv.), *nur opinion, opinio opportune, gustatempe opposite, *kontrau or, *au orange, orango order (subst.), ordo order (vb.), ordoni, raendi ordinary, ordinara organ, /)rgeno oriental, orienta ornament, ornamo orphan, orfo other, alia ought, devi out, *for outside, *ekster oval, ovalo oven, forno o?;er, * super overcoat, surtuto, super- vesto overthrow, renversi owe, suldi owl, strigo own (vb.), posedi own (adj.), propra ox, bovo oyster, ostro paci^^ paki page, pago ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 87 pail J sitelo pain, doloro paint, pentri pale, pala palace, palaco palate, palato pants, pantalono paper, papero paradise, paradizo pardon, pardoni parrot, papago part, parto particularly, precipe partridge, perdriko pass, pasi passion, pasio pastor, pastro pasture, pasto patch, fliki patience, pacienco pause, halti pavement, pavimo pay, pagi pea, pizo peace, paco peacoch, pavo pear, piro pearl, perlo pen, plumo pencil, krajono penny, penco people, popolo pepper, pipro perceive, rimarki, eksenti perfect, perfekta perish, perei permit, permesi persecute, persekuti person, persono perspire, sviti petticoat, jupo pheasant, fazano piano, fortepiano pickle, pekli piece, peco pillar, kolono pin, pinglo pinch, pinci pine, pino pineapple, ananaso pious, pia pipe, pipo, tubo pitch, peco pity (vb.), kompati pity [it is a], domago place, loko plague, pesto pki^^ plekti />/ane (vb.), raboti plant (vb.), planti pkn^ (subst), kreskajo plate, telero ^?ai/^ ludi please, placi pleasure, plezuro plough (vb.), plugi plum, pruno pocket, poso ^U^rf •" poin^, punkto A4»M44^|^»^*^^ poison, veneno ^Z/jflZO^ 88 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE pole, stango police, police polish, poluri polish (for shoes), ciro poplar, poplo poppy, papavo porcelain, porcelano possess, posedi post (mail), posto pot, poto pour, versi powder (gun), pulvo powder (dust), pulvoro praise, laudi pray, pregi preach, prediki precise, preciza prepare, prepari present (subst.), donaco present (vb.), prezenti preserve, konservi press, premi pretty, beleta price, kosto prick, piki priest, pastro prince, prince print, presi private, privata prize, prezo produce, produkti promise, promesi proper, propra property, posedajo propose, proponi prosper, prosperi protect, gardi, defendi proud, fiera prove, pruvi proverb, proverbo prudent, prudenta pull, tiri pump, pumpilo punish, puni pure, pura purple, purpura pus, puso pu^h, pusi put, meti puzzle, enigmo quality, eco quantity, kvanto quick, rapida quiet, trankvila quit, forlasi rabbit, kuniklo race, gento rag, cifono rail, relo railroad, fervojo rain, pluvi raJce, rasti rapid, rapida ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 89 raspberry, frambo rat, rato rate (at the — of), *po raven, korvo ravish, ravi ray (of sun), radio reach, atingi read, legi ready, preta real, efektiva reap, rikolti receive, ricevi recognise, rekoni rectangle, rektangulo red, ruga regard, rigardi regiment, regimento register (a letter), reko- mendi reign, regi rejoice, goji relate to, rilati relation, parenco remain, resti remark, rimarki remedy, rimedo rent, rento repeat, ripeti repose, ripozi represent, figuri reproach, riproci request, peti require, postuli resound, sonori, resoni res^ [the], cetero revenge, vengi reward, rekompenci rhyme, rimo n&, ripo ribbon, rubando rice, rizo nc/t^ rica n'cZe^ rajdi right (in the), prava right (authority), rajto right (hand), dekstra righteous, justa ring, ringo ripe, matura river, river o road, vojo, strato roast, rosti ro&^ rabi roll, ruli roo/^ tegmento rooJc, frugilego room, cambro rooster, koko root, radiko rope, snuro rose, rozo rotten, putra round, ronda row; (rank), vico row (vb.), remi rub, froti rubber-shoe, galoso rule, regulo rum, rumo run, kuri 90 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE sack, sako sacrifice (v.), oferi sad, malgoja saddle, selo sail, velo salad, salato salmon, salmo salt, salo salute, saluti same, sama sand, sablo Saturday, sabato sauce, saiico save, savi 5a m;^ segi sa?/, diri scarcely^ *apenau, mal- volonte science, scienco r ^ scissors, tondilo fXyJ^y^^*^ scratch, grati U>. screw, sraubo sculpture, skulpti sea, maro seagull, mevo seaZ (animal), foko seaZ (vb.), sigeli search, serci season, sezono sea^^ segi seductive, deloga see, vidi seem, sajni seZ/^ si; mem sell, vendi sen^?^ sendi sense^ senco separate, aparta serpent, serpento serve, servi set (type), komposti seven, *sep severe, severa sew, kudri shadow, ombro shaft (of carriage, etc.), timono shake, skui, premi shame, honto sharp, akra shave, razi s/ie^ *si 5/1 ea/, garbo shear, tondi sheep, safo 5/ie//^ selo, konko shield, sildo shilling, silingo shine, brili s/ii;?^ sipo s/iir/^ cemizo s/ioe^ suo shoot, pafi shore, bordo short-sighted, miopa shoulder, sultro shovel, soveli 5/101^^ montri ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 91 shut, fermi side, flanko sign, signo signify, signifi silent, silenta silk, silko silver, argento similar, simila simple, simpla sin, peki sing, kanti sir, sinjoro sit, sidi situation, situacio six, *ses sTcate, gliti skilful, lerta skin, haiito sleep, dormi sleeve, maniko slide, gliti slippery, glata smear, smiri smell (subst.), odoro smell (vb.), flari smoke, fumi smooth, ebena^ glata snail, limako sneeze, terni snow, nego so, *tiel soap, sapo so&er^ sobra society, societo sofa, kanapo, sofo soft, mola sole (of foot), plando solve, solvi 5ome^ *ia, kelka, *iom somehow, *iel 5ome owe^ *iu some one's, *ies something, *io sometime, *iam somewhat, *iom, *iel somewhere, *ie 50 much, *tiom 50?!^ filo soon^ *baldaii sorcery, sorco sorrow, malgojo, cagreno 50^?^ animo sound, soni 502^^^ supo south, sudo sow^ semi sparrow, pasero speak, paroli special, speciala s^eZ/^ silabi s/?ice^ spico spider, araneo 5pm^ spini spirit, spirito spit, kraci [in — of], *mal- graii ■, fendi sponge, sponge spoon, kulero 92 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE spot, makulo spring (time) , p r i n - tempo spring (wire), risorto sprinkle, spruci spur, sprono square (public), placo squirrel, sciuro stable, cevalejo stain, makulo stairs, stuparo stammer, balbuti stamp (metal, etc.), marko stamp (postage), post- marko stand, stari star, stelo state (condition), stato state (country), stato station, stacio steal, steli steam, Vaporo steel, stalo step, stupo stewpan, kaserolo stick (cane), bastono still (adj.), kvieta still (adv.), *ankorau sting, piki stocking, strumpo stomach, stomako stone, stono stop, cesi, halti stop up, stopi store, magazeno, vendejo stork, cikonio story, rakonto story (of house), etago stove, forno straight, rekta strange, stranga strap, rimeno straw, pajlo strawberry, frago streak, streko street, strato stretch (v. a.), streci stride, paso strike (hit), frapi string, kordo (music)] string, snuro strive, peni strong, forta stuff, stofo success, sukceso such, *tia suck, suci sudden, subita suffer, suferi suffocate, sufoki sugar, sukero sulphur, sulfuro summer, somero sun, suno Sunday, dimanco supplement, aldono support, subapogi, helpi suppose, supozi suspect, suspekti ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 93 suspenders, selko swallow (bird), hirundo swallow (vb.), gluti swan, cigno swear, Juri sweep, balai swell, sveli swim, nagi swing, svingi sword, glavo syllable, silabo sympathise, kompati table, tablo tablet, tabuleto tail, vosto tailor, tajloro taJce, preni tale, fabelo tall, alt a tallow, sebo ^ap (water, etc.), krano tapestry, tapeto tassel, glano taste, gusti ^fl^^ takso /ea^ teo J teach, instrui tear, larmo tear (vb.), siri tedious, teda, malagra- bla telegraph, telegrafi tell, rakonti, diri temple, templo temple (of head), tem- pio ten, *dek territory, teritorio than, *ol thanh, danki that (pron.), tiu; tio that (conj.), *ke that (rel.), kiu, kio thaw, degeli the, *la, *1' the more — the, *iu pli — des theatre, teatro then, *tiam there, *tie therefore, *tial they, ill ^ ^/licA;, dika ttSt^ttJf^l-^^i^^i think, pensi ^^iL tm Kr thirst, soifo ^/li's^ *tiu ci though, *kvankam thousand, *mil thread, fadeno threaten, minaci ^/iree^ *tri threshold, sojlo thrift, sparo throat, gorgo through, *tra; *per throw, jeti thunder, tondro fiSs? 94 ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE Thursday, jaMo thus, *tiel ticlcet, bileto tickle, tikli tie, ligi time, tempo, fojo tin, stano tinplate, lado tired, laca ^0, *al toad, bufo to-day, *hodiau together, *kiine toilet, tualeto /om&^ tombo tomorrow, *niorgau tongue, lango too, *tro /oo^/i^ dento torment, turmenti tortoise, testudo totter, sanceligi touch, tusi towel, f isilo ' tower, turo ;^ow7i^ iirbo ^rac^e (subst.), komerco trade (vb.), komerci transact, trakti translate, traduki treaty, kontrakto tree, arbo tremble, tremi triangle, triangulo trouble, zorgo, peno true, vera trumpet, trumpeto /rifw^ (of tree), trunko tru^t, konfidi try, provi tub, kuvo /i^&e, tubo Tuesday, mardo tulip, tulipo tune (subst), melodio, aerio tune (vb.), agordi turkey, meleagro turn, tumi turn (wood), torni turnip, rapo twist (v. a.), tordi twist, (v. n.), volvi two, *du type, tipo U wZcer^ ulcero umbrella, ombrelo uncle, onklo under, *sub understand, kompreni undertake, entrepreni until, *gis upper, supra upset, renversi -Mri^e^ inciti W5e^ uzi useful, utila utilise, utiligi ^j^f^jufxjiJiii ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE 95 V wander, vagi ▼ ?^an^, bezoni vain (useless), vana war, milito valise, valizo warm, varma valley, valo wa5/t^ lavi various, diversa wasp, vespo vase, vazo water, akvo vast, vasta wai;e^ ondo vein, vejno waa;^ vakso velvet, veluro wa^/^ vojo verse, verso we, *m vertical, vertikala weary, laca, enua very, *tre weather, vetero vest, vesto weave, teksi vignette, vinjeto wedge, kojno village, vilago Wednesday, merkredo vinegar, vinagro wee^^ semajno violet, violo weep, plori violet (adj.), violkolora w;ei^/i (v. a.), pesi violin, violono wei^/t (v. n.), pezi virtue, virto well (subst), puto visit, viziti well (adv.), bone voice, voco west, okcidento volcano, vulkano whale, baleno volume, volumo what, *kia, *kio voyage, vojago wheel, rado when, *kiam w where, *kie whether, *cu wages, salajro ?(;/tt7e, *dum waist, talio i^;/iip, vipo wait, atendi whistle, fajfi waZ^, promeni, marsi white, blanka wall, muro who, *kiu walnut, juglando w/toZe^ tuta 96 ESPEEANTO AT A GLANCE whose, *kies why, *kial wich, meco wide, larga, vasta widower, vidvo wild, sovaga will, voli willow, saliko wind (vb.), vindi, bobe- numi, streci wind (subst), vento window, fenestro wine, vino wing, flugilo winter, vintro wipe, visi wise, saga wish, deziri wit, sprite with, *kun within, interne without (wanting), *sen without (outside), ek- stere wolf, lupo wonder, miri wood (substance), ligno wool, lano word, vorto work, laboro worJc (of an author), verko world, mondo worm, vermo wound, vundi write, skribi yawn, oscedi year, jaro ?/ea5^^ fermentilo yellow, flava ?/es, *jes yesterday, *hieraii yet, *ankoraii yoke, jugo you, vi young, juna Z zenith, zenito zigzag, zigzago 2;mc^ zinko 2;one, zone ESPERANTO TAUGHT BY MAIL THE INTERNATIONAL ESPERANTO INSTITUTE (Branches in different countries and cities) CLASSES IN ESPERANTO BY THE MODERN METHODS CENTRAL ORGANIZATION FOR EXAMINATIONS AND DIPLOMAS NEW YORK BRANCH SCHOOL OF ESPERANTO 126 Cleveland Street Brooklyn, N. Y. Inaugurated the 1st of October, 1908 MEMBERSHIP FEE: $5.00 for the full course of fifty lessons (including text-book) AN INITIAL FINE 0^^ 2^«ENTS W.LL BE ASSESSED FOB FA.LUBE^T^ ^^^^^ THIS BOOK ON fH^^^JI^^s oN THE FOURTH ^v^ir^Tif"- o" "^ --^^" °^^ OVERDUE. iSW^^^ Gaylamount Pamphlet Binder Gaylord Bros.. Inc. Stockton, Calif. T. M. Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. U.C.BERKELEY LIBRARIES CDbl3ElE^3 |yi51389 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY