THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 y 
 
 iy/l 
 
 JB. 0. 
 
 LAv/YtK 
 
 ( ^t

 
 ELEMENTS 
 
 OF 
 
 BRAKIGRAPHY: 
 
 A SYSTEM OF 
 
 PHONIC SHORT-HAND WRITING, 
 
 FOUNDED UPON THE VOWEL SOUNDS OF THE 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 ADAPTED FOR SELF-INSTRUCTION, 
 
 AND USE IN SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN T. PORTER, 
 
 STENOGRAPHER. 
 
 PITTSBURGH: 
 
 PRINTED BY JOS. EICHBAUM * CO. 
 
 1883.
 
 COPYRIGHT 1883. 
 
 JOHN T. PORTER PITTSBURGH.
 
 PRE FAC E. 
 
 THIS little volume is intended to answer a two-fold purpose 
 as a manftal for self-instruction, and as a text-book for use 
 in the school room. The lessons are so graded and arranged 
 that, with three or four hours' practice per day, the principles 
 may be mastered in a month. The thousands of arbitrary 
 symbols .called word-signs, which constitute the bulk of the 
 writing in the old systems of short-hand, and which prevent 
 those systems from being reduced to a science, are avoided in 
 Brakigraphy. The student pursues the study as a science, and 
 having mastered the principles, a few months spent in the 
 
 en practical application of them will enable him to record the 
 
 *^ exact words of the most rapid speaker. 
 
 >. We live in an age of improvement. The growing needs of 
 \ humanity are being constantly supplied by the wonderful dis- 
 
 1 coveries and inventions of science. To keep pace with the 
 flurry and rush of business, a speedier method of writing is 
 demanded, and within four or five years the attention of the 
 
 ?*" business world has been directed towards short-hand as a means 
 | of relief from the drudgery of the common writing. The re- 
 
 ^ lief thus afforded has only been partial, from the fact that the 
 old systems of short-hand in use are so unscientific and 
 arbitrary in their character that but comparatively few persons 
 
 y ever acquire a competent knowledge of them ; and even when 
 
 E* acquired, the writing is practically a sealed book to all but the 
 writer himself. 
 
 Having had an uninterrupted practice of thirteen years as a 
 Law Reporter in the Courts of Pennsylvania, I may be pre- 
 sumed to have some knowledge of the requirements of a system 
 of short-hand destined to become a universal medium through 
 
 449454
 
 iv PREFACE. 
 
 which business may be transacted. Such a system must pos- 
 sess cerlaiu requisites, the most important of which are: 
 simplicity of construction, so that it may be learned in a few 
 months by persons of ordinary ability ; that it be equal to 
 speech in speed ; and that it be easily read, not only by the 
 writer himself, but by others familiar with the same system. 
 In the development of Brakigraphy, it has been iny aim to 
 perfect such a system of short-hand. How well 1 have suc- 
 ceeded I leave- the public to judge. 
 
 The average rate of public speaking is estimated to be about 
 one hundred and twenty words per minute. In the class-room, 
 I have trained students in six months to write one hundred 
 and fifty words per minute from dictation, and to read their 
 short-hand notes almost as readily as the common writing, 
 although entirely unfamiliar with the subject-matter. 
 
 It is believed that this is the first time the art of short-hand 
 writing has been presented to the public in a scientific form ; 
 and the favorable reception Brakigraphy has already met with 
 at the hands of the public, encourages me to believe that the 
 present edition, after the careful revision I have given it, will 
 meet with still greater favor.
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Preface 3 
 
 Directions to the Student 7 
 
 Vowels and 'Diphthongs 9 
 
 The M Curve 11 
 
 The N Curve 12 
 
 Transposition of the Vowel 13 
 
 Aspirated Word: 14 
 
 Compound Words 14 
 
 Punctuation 15 
 
 T and D 16-23 
 
 The W Hook 24 
 
 Final N 24 
 
 The Indefinite Vowel 25 
 
 The K Hook 25 
 
 Final ING 26 
 
 CHAY and JAY 27 
 
 The Consonant L 28 
 
 The F and V Curve 30 
 
 Initial and Final S, ST, STPv, SL and SP 32 
 
 Initial and Final TH, THR and YEH 35 
 
 Initial a:.d Final SW, SH ; SHN, SESSION and NG 36 
 
 The Consonants P, B, K and GAY 39 
 
 KW 40 
 
 Expedients 42-44 
 
 Death of Little Nell 47 
 
 Circular 57 
 
 Testimonials , 61
 
 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 DIRECTIONS TO THE STUDENT. 
 
 * 
 
 THE first chapter contains the theory upon which Brakig- 
 raphy is founded, and should be thoroughly mastered. Three 
 or four hours a day for a week may be devoted to it profitably. 
 
 Each line should be learned separately until 1 the phonics can 
 be pronounced aloud and written at the same time, without 
 the aid of the book. 
 
 When the theory is understood the first reading exercise 
 should be taken up, and first read over carefully with the aid 
 of the translation, and finally written over and over until it 
 can be written correctly from dictation. 
 
 The first chapter thus learned, the second will be found 
 much easier, but the practice on it should not be omitted 
 until the reading exercise can be written correctly from 
 dictation. 
 
 Beginners are generally ambitious to advance rapidly, for- 
 getting the fact that learning to write well is the most import- 
 ant. This can be accomplished best by taking special pains 
 with the first chapter, the characters of which are arranged in
 
 8 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 groups for the purpose of disciplining the memory and the pen 
 of the writer. 
 
 While learning the first ten chapters, do not try to write 
 rapidly, but well. The eleventh chapter, however, should be 
 written over and over until a speed of one hundred words per 
 minute is attained. 
 
 Always use pen and ink in practice. The best reporters 
 hold the pen between the first and the second finger, as iu 
 back-hand writing. 
 
 If these directions in regard to the first two chapters are 
 faithfully carried out, the student will find his future practice 
 pleasant and easy ; but to insure rapid progress the remaining 
 chapters of the principles should be learned with the same 
 thoroughness as the first two.
 
 LONG AND SHORT VOWELS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 In order to obtain a clear understanding of the correct 
 sounds of the phonic vowels, it is necessary for the student to 
 know the meaning of the diacritical points used in the English 
 orthography to indicate the peculiar sounds of the English 
 vowels, thus : 
 
 LONG VOWELS. 
 
 e, as in eat, 
 ate, 
 |arm, 
 odd, 
 ode, 
 mood. 
 
 a, 
 a, 
 6, 
 6, 
 oo 
 
 SHORT VOWELS. 
 
 I, as in hit, 
 e, " met, 
 a " hat 
 
 u, 
 
 
 
 hut. 
 
 DIPHTHONGS. 
 
 i, as in ire, 
 
 oi, " oil, 
 ou, " out. 
 
 Repeat the sounds of the pointed vowels -as found ia the 
 following words, until the correct sound of each can be given 
 readily and accurately : 
 
 e-at, a-te, a-rm, p dd, o-dc, m-oo-d, h-i-t, in-e-t, h-a-t, h-u-t, 
 e, a, ;i, o, o, oo, I, e, * :1, u. 
 
 i-re, oi-1, ou-t. 
 i, oi, ou. 
 
 FIRST GROUP. 
 
 Brakigraphy is founded upon thirteen vowel sounds, which 
 arc represented by the thirteen pointed letters above.
 
 10 BRAKICKAI'HV. 
 
 Each one of these pointed vowels is_represented by a short- 
 hand character called a phonic, thus : 
 
 1. e, a, a, 6, 6, oo, i, e, a, u, I, oi, ou. 
 
 I ' 
 
 The long vowels and the diphthongs oi and on are repre- 
 sented by long phonics, the "short vowels and the diphthong i 
 are represented by short phonics. 
 
 Each phonic takes its sound from its position with reference 
 to the line of writing, as above, ou, below, or through the line. 
 
 In the second line the phonics are written from left to right, 
 inclining obliquely downward, which indicates that the con- 
 sonant r is combined with the vowel, thus: 
 
 2. ere, air, ar, 6r, ore, oor, ir, er, ar, ur, Ire, oir, our. 
 
 _-, X \ ^ > ^ >. 
 
 ""= T~ 
 
 In the third line the phonics are written from right to left 
 inclining obliquely downward, which indicates that the con- 
 sonant I is combined^with the'vowel, thus : 
 
 3. 6le, ale, al, 61, ole, ool, il, el, al, ul, lie, oil, onl. 
 
 s ! . ^ i 
 
 Practice on the first group until the phonic characters 
 representing the following words can be written from memory 
 in their proper positions with reference to the line of writing : 
 
 PRACTICAL EXERCISE. 
 
 awe, owe, nh, eye, ear, air, or, oar, ire, our, err, eel, aie, 
 
 j , _ i s_ \ _v....:_^.._,_^_^ 
 
 all, ill, ell, oil, owl.
 
 CONSONANT M. 11 
 
 SECTION II, 
 
 SECOND GROUP. 
 
 The three lines composing the first group form the basis 
 upon which the subsequent structure is to be erected, and the 
 student having mastered them, is now prepared to advance 
 a step. 
 
 The second group is similar to the first, except that the 
 phonics are made a little longer, and curved, which indicates 
 that the consonant tti is added to the vowels and the com- 
 binations. 
 
 Beginners generally experience some difficulty in noting the 
 difference between the first three phonics and the second three 
 in the second and the third line below. This difficulty is 
 easily overcome by practice, and will vanish entirely by the 
 time the student has reached Chapter III. 
 
 All oblique phonics should be written with a downward 
 movement of the pen. 
 1. erne, umc, Jim, 6m, ome, oom, im, em, am, urn, ime, oim, oum. 
 
 2. emr. amr, Jimr, omr, omr, oomr, imr, emr, amr, umr, imr,oimr, oumr. 
 
 Change the order in which the final consonants ttil' occur, 
 and repeat, thus: 
 
 erm, arm, iirm, orm, orm, oorm, Irm, erm, arm, urm, Irm, oirm, ourm. 
 
 ^^ ) ^ r-s ' 
 
 By this process of transposing final consonants, the function 
 of each phonic, which still remains the same in form, is 
 increased two, and sometimes three fold.
 
 12 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 3. 6ml, ami, ami, 6ml, 6ml, ooml, iml, eml, ami, uml, !ml, oiml, oulm 
 
 ^ ^ L.J. -> ^ ) ) , \ 
 
 """) =* -J- 
 
 Transpose ml to 1 ni and repeat, elm. aim, aim, etc. 
 
 TiliRD GROUP. 
 
 The third group is similar to the second except that the 
 curve is reversed, which indicates the addition of the con- 
 sonant n to the vowels and the combinations, thus : 
 
 1. fine, ane, an, on, own, oon, in, en, an, tin, me, oin, oun. 
 
 ^y ( f ^ f V 
 
 V^-^r *> y ** ^ V (- 
 
 2. enr, anr, anr, onr, ownr, oonr, Tnr, enr, Tinr, unr, inr, uinr, oiiiii'. 
 
 : w Li ^ ^ i V , 
 
 v3 Q-" o- ** -~ \c 
 
 Transpose 4iJ to t'ti and repeat, cru, am, iirn, etc. 
 
 3. enl, anl, anl, onl, onl, oonl, inl, enl, unl, unl, inl, oinl, ounl. 
 
 s C 
 
 ....,- C C r r c r- f 
 7"* "f" r 3 
 
 Transpose til to In and repeat, eln, aln, iilu, etc. 
 
 PRACTICAL EXERCISE. 
 
 aim, cmm, am, ene, on, own, in, an, honor, owner, inner, 
 
 ^L^Z. c c^u, ^ L ^_ 
 
 arm, alum, earn, iron.
 
 TRANSPOSITION OF THE VOWEL. 13 
 
 SECTION III. 
 
 TRANSPOSITION OP THE VOWEL. The curves in the 
 second and the third group are nearly semi-circles, which 
 indicates that the vowel comes first in the combination. When 
 the curve is flattened to a semi-ellipse, it indicates that the 
 vowel comes last in the combination. 
 
 SECOND GROUP. 
 
 1 me, ma, ma, mo mo, moo, mlh, men, man, muh, mi, moi, mou. 
 
 ) ~ "* * 
 
 2. mere, mare, mar, moiv^oi^moor, mi^mgrjinS^mur, mire, moir,mour. 
 
 ^ \ ^ 
 
 r=5v..... ). .^....-^s J ^X ^ 
 
 3. mele, male, mill jnol, mole, mool, mil, mel,mal, mul, mile, moil, moul. 
 
 ' ' 
 
 THIRD GROUP. 
 
 1. ne, nay, n-i, naw, no, noo, mh, neh, nah, nuh, nigh, noi, nou. 
 
 -.. i- Li ~ - .( ( _ /. 
 
 ( v 
 
 2. nC-w. n are, niir, nor, nore, noor, nir, ngr, nar, nur, nlre, noir, nour. 
 
 3. ne..', nfile, niil, nul, nole, nool, nil, nel, nftl, nul, nile, noil, noul. 
 7" -r.....S~........^.^ ./fz. (L
 
 14 BRAK [GRAPH V. 
 
 PRACTICAL EXERCISE, 
 me, may, maw, mow, moo, my, mow, mere, mare, mar, more, moor. 
 
 ~"'^ ' J * =-=P s; 
 
 myrrh, mire, meal. male, maul, mole, mill, mull, mile knee, nay, 
 
 \ J ] ^S ) 
 
 N _,/ J J ) ^_^ 
 
 gnaw, no, new, nigh, now, near, nor, nail, knoll, null, nile. 
 
 LJ ( ( ^- ^ ^ ( ( ! 
 " [ 4 
 
 SECTION IV. 
 
 ASPIRATED WORDS. The aspirate 1\ is indicated, by a 
 small dot written before the phonic t6 be aspirated, thus: 
 he, hay, haw, ho, who, high, how, hero, hair, her, hire, 
 
 heal, hale, whole, hill, hull, howl, ham, home, whom, him, 
 hem, hum, hen, hammer, hemmer, Homer, harm, horn. 
 
 Words of very common occurrence, as he, him, how, etc., 
 are seldom aspirated. 
 
 COMPOUND WORDS. A compound phonic is one composed 
 of two or more simple phonics joined together. 
 
 hero, mean, man, miner, alarm, armor, normal.
 
 PUNCTUATION. 15 
 
 SENTENCES. 
 
 The period is represented by a light oblique line written 
 downward through the line. 
 
 The sign of interrogation i.s represented by a period with a 
 hook turned on the end of it. 
 
 The first syllable of a word is frequently written in its 
 proper position, and the second syllable follows without regard 
 to position. 
 
 Translation. 
 
 I am in now. I hear an owl. How may he know me? 
 May I know him ? He may haul a new maul a mile or more 
 on a moor near a new mill. He may aim high or higher. I 
 own a new mill on a high hill. Neal Allen may mow our new 
 hay in May. A Mormon may alarm a miner. A man in honor 
 may earn a name. I may know all in an hour. He may now 
 know her name. My hero may murmur no more.
 
 16 BKAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 CHAPTER. II. 
 
 SECTION II. T or D. 
 
 T or D prefixed. The consonants t and <l being nearly 
 alike in sound are represented by tbe same character, and are 
 prefixed by shading the phonic at the beginning. 
 
 FIRST GROUP. 
 
 1. de, da, dii, do, doc, doo, dl, de, da, dti, die, doi, don. 
 
 2. tr-re, tare, tiir,' tor, tore, toor, tTr, tc'r, tfir, (fir, tiro, toir, tour. 
 
 - ....... - ..... ^ ....... ^ .......... ' ........ X ........ = ..... - ...... - ...... ' : ....... - V 
 
 Transpose e and r and repeat, trd, tra, trii, etc. 
 
 3. dele, dale, dill, dol, dole, dool, dil, del, dal, dul, dilo, doil, doul. 
 
 f- 
 
 StcoND GROUP. 
 
 l.teme, tame, tiim, torn, tomo, toom,tTm,tt"m, 1am, turn, time, toim, toum. 
 
 - - I 1 - ) ' 
 
 2. domr, damr, diiinr, domv, dornr, doomr, dtmr, dprnr, dami', dumr, dlmr, 
 
 [doimr, doumr. 
 
 Transpose e and r and repeat, divtn, dram, driim, drum, drum, droom.
 
 T OR D PREFIXED. 17 
 
 3. deml,dan]l,dainl, do ml, doml, dooml, dlml, doml, tlainl, duml.dlml, 
 
 doiml, douml. 
 
 TiiniD GROUP. 
 
 1. dene, dane, dan, don, done, dooii, din, den, dun, dun, dine, doin, doun. 
 
 .( .(. - ~ i - f ^ .f 
 " ( v 
 
 '2. tenr. tanr, liinr, tour, lonr.toonr, tinr, lCnr,tnr, lunr, tinr, toinr,lounr. 
 
 V k i V V. L 
 
 ~*= v'" ^ " v 
 
 Transpose nt' to rtl and repeat, torn, tarn, tarn, etc. 
 Transpose r and e and repeat, tren, Iran, triio, etc. 
 3. denl/'aul.diin^donl.donljdoonl.dinljdenljdanl^Junl.dinl.doinl.dounl. 
 
 C~L - (.. iLjz L.L -s 
 
 "/"' "f '/*~ "'"'" 
 
 Transpose til to lit and repeat, deln, diiln, dii-lo, etc. 
 
 rilACTICAL EXERCISK. 
 
 t:i, day, dough, die, dear, dare, door, dower, deal, 
 
 r_>= i ' ^ > .\ \ z. 
 
 tale, tall, tool, toil, towel, deem, dame, dome, doom, dim, 
 / s t- *~* - - 
 
 ' ) 
 
 time, dream, dram, drum, dean, ten, dine, drain, drown.
 
 18 BRAKIGRArilY. 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 T OR D ADDED. Tor d is added by shading a phonic at 
 the end. 
 
 FIRST GROUP. 
 
 1. ete, ate, at, ot, ote, out, it, et, at, ut, ite, nit. nut. 
 
 - M , = - - LI . 
 
 edr, adr, adr, odr, odr, oodr, idr, edr, adr. udr, Idr, nidr, oudr. 
 
 \ 
 
 -\ - =* - v ^ v 
 
 Transpose dt' to rd and repeat, f-rd, ard, iird, etc. 
 3. etl, atl, iitl, otl, otl, ootl, itl, etl, atl, utl, ill, oitl, null. 
 
 Transpose tl to It and repeat, elt. alt, alt, etc. 
 SECOND GROUP. 
 
 1. eind, fund, iinid, oind, omd, oonid, iind, enid, fund, mud. Tuid. niind. niiiud. 
 s^\ / ^ N 
 
 2. emrt, anirt, iimrt, omrt, omrt, oonirt, linrt, einvt, anirt, finirt, Tinrt, 
 
 [niliul, riuilirt. 
 
 "^ ) 
 
 Transpose the last two final consonants HIT to i'lli and 
 repeat, ermt, armt, lirmt, etc. 
 
 Transpose the last two final consonants rt to tl' and repeat, 
 erutr, amtr, amtr, etc.
 
 T OR D ADDED. 
 
 19 
 
 0. emld, amid, amid, timid, omld. oomld. inild, Omld. amid, rtnild. Iiuld. 
 
 [oimld. oumld. 
 
 ^ j j ' j } 
 
 Transpose ml to I m and repeat, elmd, aluid, alind, etc. 
 Transpose Id to fU and repeat, euidl, amdl, iimdl, etc. 
 
 THIRD GROUP. 
 
 1. (~nd, and. and, nnd. on.l. oond, In 1. fnd, and. find, Ind. oind, ound. 
 ^ W C ( - ^ ^ ^ , 
 
 ^ C 
 
 2. Curt, aim. ihm. Anrt. onrt. ooiirt. inrt. ('nil. aim. unrt. Tnrt, oinrt, ounrt. 
 
 Trans[iose in' to >'^ and repeat, ernt, urnt, arnt, etc. 
 Transpose ft to fr and repeat, eutr, iintr. iintr, etc. 
 :;. ("ult. ault. iinli. null. <~nilt. oonlt. inlt, C-ult. unit, unit, Tnlt. oinlt. ounlt. 
 
 ...'I c: ( C C. ^ C. C r '(. 
 
 r C r r 
 
 Transpose ill to hi and repeat, elnt, alnt, alnt, etc. 
 Transpose It to tl and repeat, entl, antl, iintl, etc. 
 
 TRANSPOSITION OF THE VOWEL. 
 SECOND GROUI-. 
 
 1. niedo, iiiadi-. mad. mod. mode. mood. mid. incd. mad. mud. mido. moid, moud.
 
 20 BRAKIGRAriiy. 
 
 2. metr, nifitr, miitr, motr, motr, moutr, niitr, inetr, uiatr, mfitr, niitr, moitr, 
 
 < i tr. 
 
 Transpose tf to ft and repeat, mint, mart, uuirt, etc. 
 3. meill, infidl, mildl, modi, modi, nioodl, midl, medl, inftdl, mfidl, niTdl, 
 
 [llinidl, innllill. 
 
 _x I ) 
 
 ............. -^5 ........ - ....... J ....... ; y ................... -^ ...... * .................... ^ ...... J- 
 
 Transpose (II to hi and repeat, mold, maid, miild, etc. 
 THIRD GROUP. 
 
 1. nete, nate, nat, not, note, noot, nit, not, nat, nut, nite, noit, nont. 
 ^ ( ( 
 
 ^ ...! ......... ^ ...... r.....^ .......... ( .......... ._ ...... ( 
 
 ( 
 
 netr natr, niitr, not r. not r, nootr, nitr, nf-tr, natr, nutr, nitr, noilr, imnir. 
 
 ^-.^ ...... 4. ....... " ..... -_i ...... !: ..... ....... > 
 
 Transpose tr to ft and repeat, nort, nart, n'art, etc. 
 
 3. nedl, nadl, niidl. nodi, nodi, noodl, nidi, nodi, nadl, nudl, nidi. 
 
 [noidl, noiidl. 
 
 -^^ ..... r ..... ( ......... ( ....... , ......... *^-r ...... < ....... - ..... ^ ......... (- 
 
 Transpose (II to Id and repeat, neld, nald, n'ald, etc. 
 1'R ACTiC AL E\ E RC1S K. 
 
 cai, ate, at, odd. odo. liid. lioat. hide, heater. heard x 
 
 art, cidoi'. ailed. old, oiled, howled, hold. 
 
 ...A ......... ^ ....... 1 ..... ./ ____ ^ 
 
 ^ * /
 
 T OR D PREFIXED AND ADDED. 21 
 
 end, owned, limit, hound, honored, earned, hunter, hammered, meed, 
 
 made, mad, mode, mood, mite, metre, matter, mutter, mart, mort, 
 
 mailed, malt, mold, mild. melt, middle. need, not, note, net, 
 
 nut, night, neater, kneeled, nailed, moored. 
 
 SECTION III. 
 
 T OR D PREFIXED AND ADDED. Shading a phonic its 
 entire length indicates that it begins with t or (1, and ends 
 
 with the same. 
 
 FIRST GROUP. 
 
 1 dede dade dad dod, dodo, dood, did, ded, da*d, dud, dide, doid, dond. 
 
 2. tetr, tatr, tiitr, totr, totr, tootr, tltr, tetr, tatr. tiilr. titr. tuitr, to:itr. 
 
 \ 
 
 ^. X } \ ^ >> \ x _ v. 
 
 S \ < ^ ^ 
 
 Transpose e and r and repeat, tret, triit, tr'ut, etc. 
 Transpose tr to ft and repeat, tort, tart, tart, etc. 
 
 :',. dedl. dfidl, diidl, dodl, dodl, doodl. didl, dedl, dadl, dudl, didl, doidl, doudl, 
 
 - -= 7 ' L 7 ' ^ ' ' * I' 
 
 Transpose HI to 1(1 and repeat, deld, dfild, diild, etc.
 
 22 IJRAKIGP.ATITV. 
 
 SECOND GROI -i>. 
 
 1. demd, diimd, diinid, domd, domd, doomd, dimd, demd, diimd, diimd, 
 
 [clTnid, doiind, doiiind. 
 
 2. deinrd, damrd,damrd, domrd, dfmml. dopmrd.dImrd,d8mrd,dS,mrd,dtimrd, 
 
 [dimrd, doiiurd, douinnl. 
 
 Transpose C a'lid >'auJ repeat, diemd, dranul, driiuul. etc. 
 
 3. dendt, dfunlt. diiinlt, doinlt, domlt, doomlt, (limit, doinlt, danill, duinlt, 
 
 [dlnilt, doiinlt, dounilt. 
 
 THIRD GROUP. 
 
 1. tend, tiind, tiind, tond, t("nd, toond, tTnd, tend, lilnd, tflnd, tlnd, tnind, 
 
 ^^1 ( r....^._.L....! ^ (. 
 
 2. tenrd, tfuird, tanrd,toiml, tonrd, toonrd. tTnrd, tenrd, tanrd, tfinrd, tTnrd, 
 
 [toinrd, tounrd. 
 
 .. _ 
 
 V ......... ^ .......... v ...... - 
 
 Transpose w to Wl and repeat, ternd, tiirnd ; tiirnd, etc. 
 Transpose f and f and repeat, trend, trfmd, triind, etc. 
 
 .",. trnld, tfinld, tiinld, tonld. tunld, toonld. ITuld. teiild, iHidd, tunld, tTnld, 
 
 [toinld, tciiinld 
 
 L..C.
 
 T OK D PREFIXED AN'D ADDED. 2 
 
 PRACTICAL EXERCISK 
 
 deed. date. dote. died, tart, tort. towered, treat. trait. 
 
 trot, dirt. dolt. toiled, de.-;iicd. tame 1. doomed, timed, 
 
 _ x \ /. ^ cr. ^ _- 
 
 div;unel, drummed, trimmed, drained, tend, tanned, drowned, turned. 
 
 Words selected from advanced lessons for present use. 
 the. from, of. his, is, has. as, for, was, with, and. 
 
 S (. a o \. ? 
 I .C ft i I 
 
 NOTE. The past tense of verbs is often omitted when the 
 context will supply it. 
 
 ^L 
 
 r 
 
 
 < /
 
 24 BRAKIGRAPHV. 
 
 Translation. 
 
 The heat from the hot iron made the model melt. He 
 heard of the murder at midnight. I held my hat in my hand. 
 His name is Howard. Maud; our new maid, has no needle. 
 At the hour of ten in the night he was a mile or more from 
 home. He ought to mould the metal in the night. The end 
 of the metal handle was ironed. I heard the mild murmur of 
 the mermaid. I owed the moulder a mite for metal. The 
 mat was aired and the odor of the oil was milder. Tom met the 
 dame at the turn of the hill. He told me to tell the old tale. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 The W Hook. The initial and final consonant w is repre- 
 sented by a small hook joined to the under side of horizontal 
 and to the left of vertical phonics. The w hook, when joined 
 to curves, is an initial only never final. 
 1. weed, wade, wood, wed, wait, wit, weaned, waned, wound. 
 
 2. wine, wend, won, wind, ware, Avar. wort-, wire, water. 
 
 1 _ ! - * 5 i }. i. 
 
 3. warm, warn, worn, wienl, wired, wart, warmed, warrant, winter. 
 
 J^j V i ^ ] \ ^ \ ^ 
 
 4. wield, wail, wall, will, well, wool, wild, wailed, weal. 
 
 f . z.. JL '.. *_ * s ^ 
 
 7 " 
 
 Final N. l>y doubling the length of a curve the conso- 
 nant -a is added ; thus,
 
 THE INDEFINITE VOWEL. 25 
 
 mean, men, man, meant, moan, non, none, noun, noon. 
 
 THE INDEFINITE VOWEL. Many words begin or end with a 
 vowel having the sound of I or u. This indefinite vowel is 
 represented by a short light tick written in either a horizontal 
 or a vertical direction ; thus : 
 6. muddy, eighty, weary, annoy, weighty, mighty, award, witty, haughty. 
 
 ) _i A ' L 
 
 This indefinite vowel is frequently omitted by the reporter 
 when it would not involve a sacrifice of legibility. 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 The R Hook. The initial and final consonant T is repre- 
 sented by a large hook similar to the w hook, but doubled in 
 size, 
 ray, raw, row, rye, reed, raid, road, rood, rid. 
 
 1 n " n - i 
 
 c c i _ 
 
 1 
 
 round, rain, renewed, remote, remain, retain, retainer, return, ream. 
 
 .7 fc . .1 c=-:.*_^, 1 - 
 
 ' 
 
 runner, reamer, roomer, render, remit, reared, rare, roar. 
 
 roll. real. rail, rule. royal, rolled, error, mirror. 
 
 .2 2 ? ?......:. 2 ^ Ii 
 
 horror, holder, moulder, milder, herder, railer, reamed, remote. 
 
 / J ^' <r- i 
 .: y. U. % j &. . L 
 
 3
 
 26 BRAKIGRAPIIY. 
 
 Final ING. The final syllabic luff is represented by a 
 small dot at the end of the phonic ; thus, 
 hearing, hailing, willing, wailing, dealing, Hearing, netting. 
 
 ^ S X V-. 
 
 The plurut of i IMf i represented by a .small ehce at the 
 end of a phonic ; thus, 
 winnings, earnings, windings, wanderings, mouldings, dealings. 
 
 r: v, I v ; 
 
 "O ' 
 
 SELECTED WORDS. 
 
 there, have, after, fame, come, a or an, by, could, you. 
 
 I 
 
 SENTENCES. 
 
 A....^ : - , JL i 
 
 , \ ^ ( x J V 
 
 ' \ / -.o c ? 
 
 ' T 
 
 x c 
 
 A A A. 
 
 ), 
 
 n ^ *r- i ; / 

 
 CONSONANTS CI1AV AND JAY. 1^7 
 
 Translation. 
 
 The] *wild animal went into the wood. The hunter 
 weighed the meat, and mulled the wine. He wore his new 
 white hat The warm wind of the mild winter warmed the 
 wafer. There is a newer and a neater way of d ling this, I 
 might have had the wire made of white metal. Nine men 
 fcame a mile in one hour, and it was noon We tried to do 
 well. Toward noon he will come. The old man died on the 
 day of the date of the deed. Molly, the maid, heard of her 
 error after turning the mirror. The old woman had earned a 
 reward of merit. He was a mighty man of war. Round 
 and round the dome rode the reeling rider on the roan mare. 
 The rude railer railed at the good reader. Wearied by our 
 run, we whiled away an hour waiting by the railroad. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 CHAY and JAY. The consonants fhffl/, and J(n/, 
 
 initial and final, being nearly alike in sound, are represented 
 by a small hook similar to the it' hook, but joined to the 
 upper side of horizontal, and to right side of vertical phonics. 
 When the cJldlJ find Jfli/ hook is joined to curves as a 
 final it is turned to the inner side of the curve. 
 
 NOTE. The past tense of verbs is often omitted when the 
 context will supply it. 
 gee, jay, jaw, chew, jov, Jim, ucm. jam, chain. 
 
 c_ f _ 
 
 ..... r ..... 
 
 John, June, <nn, join. each, hatch, watch, inidtre, match. 
 
 r - \ 
 
 * The phonic has the r inclination ; it should have the I inclination. 
 t Canif, and come are frequently alilircviated in reporting, by omitting the 
 l;i-t pun of the phonic.
 
 28 BRAK1GUAPI1Y. 
 
 much, rich, which, niche, cheer, chair, chore, charm, churn. 
 
 J. s. I 
 
 teacher, touch, jail, jailed, child, challenge, knowledge, milla^e. 
 
 / / 
 
 * r 
 
 .1 <?. ^ ' ~> 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 The CONSONANT L. The consonant I is represented by 
 by a large hook, joined to the same side of the phonic as the 
 chat/ and jflj/ 9 but double the size of r/lftl/ and Jflf/. 
 
 leech, latch, lead, lay, law, low, lid, lad, lie. 
 
 e ' c p c* 
 
 clli" clT 
 
 lame, loam, loom, leaned, lane, loin, loaned, line, leer. 
 
 p ' c_^ r f 
 
 lower, liar, laurel, lurch, large, world, carl, churl, herald. 
 
 r ^ c t 
 
 ...J \4 ,. -^ \j \j m \j *\J, 
 
 lilly, lull, little, lonely, landlord. hmU-rn, tenderly. 
 
 *L f C...... 
 
 journal, y-o, o'et, lie, can, "-ot, luit, ]>nt.
 
 TRANSLATION. 29 
 
 SENTENCES. 
 ' 
 
 
 . f . c s 
 
 ./:.-...,\ i r ) < '' ^ ^ x ^ / 
 
 ^ 
 
 \ / 
 
 ^ (. :. / Ll' ^... 
 
 Translation. 
 
 Knowledge is a jewel. Richard, the rich man. ran away 
 from home. After ton in the nij:ht the wind changed. Tlie 
 danger the intelligent gentleman was in was imaginary. He 
 was charged not to judge the man l>y his manner. Her 
 gent'e manner cheated the unwary woman (Jo tell hiiii the 
 dream we dreamed The man had no doubt as to his duty 
 in the matter. The little lad wandered near the water. The 
 world i.s not all harmony. lie wrote a witty letter to the 
 lady. The learned rhymer leaned his arm on the railing 
 which lay in the running water. The light haired man 
 wanted a larger load of lead. We heard the low moaning of
 
 .30 BRAKIORAPHY. 
 
 the wind on the mountain. I intend to try my hand at 
 tearing down the old wall. The trader did trade away his 
 trained trotter. He managed the matter ri;ht well. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 THE F AND V CURVE. 
 
 Th consonants/* and v, both initial and final, are repre- 
 sented by a small light curve, similar to the in and the tt 
 curve, but distinguished from them by being much bhorter. 
 
 If the curve is made nearly a semi-circle it indicates that 
 the vowel comes first, if it is flattened, the vowel comes last. 
 fee, feed, fade, fought, vote, foot, fight, fame, foam, vim. 
 
 ^ ^ II 
 
 ^ / _ ___ 
 
 ..... I"" 
 famed, feigned, fine, found, move, muff, knave, knife, miff. 
 
 fear, fair, far, for, four, fire, fort, feared, ford, dove, void 
 
 fairlv, fairer, farmer, *forge, *vers>v. foreign, feel, fail, fall. 
 
 _^ i , \ C.1 , '. 
 
 fallen, never, novel, naval, forward, wharfage, roof, ravel. 
 
 ( X ^ 
 ^ ** > ** ^ n ., - 
 
 rover, lover, final, flame, frame, fruit, freight, fright, fled. 
 .Supply thc^Vij/ hook to the phonics.
 
 THE F AND V CURVE. 31 
 
 flood, flour, llnnj. 
 
 ...r \ < 
 
 It will be observed from the examples above that the /' and 
 V curve is written like either the tn or the n curve. 
 
 The particular form to be used in representing words is a 
 matter of convenience entirely, and the student will learn 
 from experience, as he advances, which form is most con- 
 venient. 
 
 SENTENCES. 
 
 ....;-- 
 
 / . I , 
 
 .a t_J_i ! '. 
 
 / 
 
 A,...1, Z 
 
 T 
 
 A ( f. ' 
 
 Translation. 
 
 We fared well without fear of the famine. He feared to 
 offend him by his manner. The fond feeling of the woman 
 was very much hurt by the fall of her idol. The farmer 
 fetched his forage into the village. The fleet footed churl 
 filched a roll of flannel and fled. A flower was found on the 
 floor in the morning. The miner had a dull tool, and he tore 
 down a ton of dirt in one day. The men and the women 
 were frightened as the train ran on the tram-way.
 
 32 BRAKIORArHY. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 INITIAL AND FINAL S, ST, SIR, 8L AND SP. 
 
 Initial and final S is represented by a small circle joined to 
 the upper side of horizontal, and to the right side of vertical 
 phonics of the first group, and to the inside of the curves of 
 the second and the third group. 
 
 see, say, saw, sow, sight, sat, seed, sod, seem, same. 
 
 some, sane, sun, sign, sinned, send, sand, house, eyes, ace. 
 
 j ^ c c :" *> ^ .1 -.. 
 
 mace, mice, mouse, nice, seer, soar, sire, sour, summer. 
 
 J I v 
 ~- J - s < 
 
 simmer, smear, snear, snore, horse, source, force, remm-Hr, worse. 
 
 seal, sail, soul, soil, solemn, small, smell, snail, smile. 
 
 ? ) 1
 
 INITIAL AND FINAL S. 
 
 ST is represented by a circle double the size of the s circle. 
 
 stay, stow, stew, steam, stem, stamen, stain, stone, stunned. 
 
 ol P '~' <_ ? S 
 
 east, l)ot, nm-t, mi<'d, mas*el, ceased, leased, lust, roast. 
 
 roused, hoist, restore, steamer, stormy, sternly, fast, faster. 
 
 p ^ v P 
 
 % .......... - .......... ^-- 
 
 store, stair, stear, steal, stole, stool, stale, stall, style. 
 ? 0, ^ ^ /> ^ ? " 
 
 ..... T 5 ...... 
 
 STR is represented by a circle d'juble the size of the st 
 circle. 
 
 stray, straw, stream, strain, easier, oyster, mister, muster, master. 
 
 8L is represented by a small semi-circle turned cither to the 
 right or the left. 
 slay, slow, sly, slim, slam, slain, s'.elge, slayer, slur. 
 
 -- ........... ^ ............................. ~.: ........... ^ .............. ^. ......... as .......... k ............... L 
 
 SP is represented by a small, flat initial loop joined to the 
 upper side of horizontal, and the right side of vertical 
 phonics of the first group, and to the inside of curves. It is 
 never used as a final. 
 
 speed, spade, spot, spat, spite, spear, spare, spire, spoil. 
 
 r ............ . ........ f. ......... . ........ ! ............ - ......... . .......... ! ............. ,. 
 
 splutter, spill, spin, spun, span, spine, Spain, sprain, spurn.
 
 34 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 SENTENCES. 
 
 \ 
 
 (' 
 
 
 v> 
 
 \ '- C"~ 
 
 v "5 c-f 
 
 , ~-' 1 ^ 
 
 \ 
 
 L=J!L { *-/ 
 
 _i__'J J,_JT 
 
 7 : 
 
 I..IA/. 
 
 / 
 
 r ; 
 
 !> ( : j L 
 
 ..-: f l ^. 
 
 7 
 
 -,../.:..!. 
 
 \ 
 *- y 
 
 .' .<* A 
 
 <o . 
 
 // o- 5 
 J.../..... .\J>, 1... 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 ^tt. 
 
 Translation. 
 
 Our horse being lame, we remained over night at a wayside 
 inn. In autumn many leaves turn red. The seal of the 
 signer was in the centre. The silent suffering of the wounded 
 softened the hearts of even their enemies. The very winds 
 and waves listened to his voice. The winds have voices and 
 the waves have faces. They ascended the distant mountain, 
 and read the doom of their race in the setting sun. We saw a 
 sly smile on his slim slender face. The slim lad with the sled 
 slid down the icy hill. In the splutter,* the handsome lady 
 from Spain spoiled the splendid scenery. There are many 
 men of one mind. 
 
 *Supply the r hoofe to the phonic.
 
 INITIAL AND FINAL TH, THR AND YEH. 35 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 INITIAL AND FINAL TH, THR AND YEH. 
 
 TH is represented by a short, light tick, written obliquely 
 downward to the left, or'obliquely upward to the right, 
 thee. they, thaw, though, thy, thou, theme, them, thumb. 
 
 1 1 1 ^ f 
 
 ~i L 
 
 then, than, thine, "thin, thorn, theorem, therein, there, thirst. 
 
 t " ~ \ ^ ^ 
 
 theory, theatre, thirdly, thill, thinly, north, south, thought, seethe. 
 
 THR is represented by a short, light curve, written ob- 
 liquely upward to the right. Both forms of the curve are 
 used. The word irith is simply the til tick with the tc 
 hook prefixed. The same phonic, written through the line 
 and shaded, represents tt'itJtOltt. Thflt is simply the til 
 tick written under the line and shaded. 
 t'n-i'c, through, throughout, thread, thrust, thrall, with, that, without 
 
 YEH is represented by a short, light curve, about half the 
 length of the tin' curve, written obliquely upward to the 
 
 right. 
 
 ye, yea, you. year, yore, yacht, yellow, yield, yonder. 
 
 ~ , A. 1 S> \
 
 36 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 SENTENCES. 
 
 Translation. 
 
 The fierce Indian who uttered the loud yell is a Ute. A 
 thousand yellow men yelled as they entered the enemy's fort. 
 That old yarn which the sailor related was only a yarn after 
 all. The lady sent for three yards of white linen thread. 
 The author did not know the name of the other volume. 
 There are eight of them on the old wall. They entered 
 through a hole in the hull. The drummer drummed on his 
 drum during the trying ordeal. He tried to thwart him in 
 his efforts. The silly speech was not delivered in the theatre. 
 He fought with his wily adversary. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 INITIAL AND FINAL SW, SH, SHN, SESSION 
 AND NG. 
 
 SW is represented by a small circle joined to the under side 
 of horizontal, and to the left side of vertical phonics of the
 
 INITIAL AND FINAL SW, SH, SHN. SESSION AND ING. 87 
 
 first group, and to the back or convex side of curves of the 
 second and the third^group. 
 sway, sweet, sweat, swaddle, swim, swam, swain, swale, swell. 
 
 srr. cr -&^ ?> ^ *-~- 
 
 swarm, .swimmer, swan swindle, sworn, swine, swift, swerve. 
 
 N "*> t s* \ ^ *~ 
 
 SH is represented by beginning or ending the s or the SW 
 circle with a small back hook running through the line. 
 she, thow, shaw, shy, shame, sham," shone, shear, share. 
 
 shine, shimmer, shiner, shore, sure, shell, shall, shadow, surely. 
 
 r - X \ 
 
 ~'\ -* ^ v 
 
 SHN is used as a final syllable only, and is similar to sh 
 but the hook is doubled in size, 
 vision, fashion, motion, notion, ocean, ration, hash, national, sash. 
 
 ^ III 
 
 - ^ * -*> * & f - 
 
 euioiiuiiai, iniosioner, measurement, nourishment. 
 
 1. ^.. "^v-^ ^-^ 
 
 SESSION or SITION is represented by a large loop joined 
 to either side of straight phonics, and to the inside of curves. 
 physician, musician, transition, cessation, decision. 
 
 NG or NK is represented by a long straight mark, about 
 half an inch in length, and written in the same directions as 
 the phonics of the first group. 
 
 ink, sing, ring, rung, long, song, swing, longer. 
 
 n r r ^ 
 
 449454
 
 38 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 SENTENCES. 
 
 , r 
 
 r 
 
 ^ 
 
 \ 
 
 r* 
 
 / r- 
 
 / 
 
 : Q 
 
 I 
 
 ' ' 
 
 ~ 1 
 
 L 
 
 3- 
 
 * ; 
 
 Q^E, 
 
 c ^ 
 
 2 
 
 Translation. 
 
 The good swimmer swam a mile on the swell of the wave?. 
 The swollen waters swung the vessel in towards the shore. 
 The sweet singer sang a sweet song while swinging in the 
 swing. After being lawfully sworn, the witness swore that he 
 did not see the lady swoon. The shy man shunned the 
 shining sun on the shore while fishing for shad. They have 
 our good wishes without* malice. The shrewd fellow uttered a 
 shrill whistle. It was not the sentry's intention to shoot 
 the officer; the shooting was not intentional. A dram was 
 drained from the tank down by the dam. A drunk man 
 
 *The phonic has the jay hook ; it should have the te hook.
 
 THE CONSONANTS P, 15, K ANI> (1AV. 
 
 39 
 
 dreamed that he drew a drowning man out of the water. 
 Error must yield, however strongly it may be defended. The 
 learned physician and the musician, while in a state of transi- 
 tion, fortific 1 their decision by a' cessation of hostilities. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 SECTION I. 
 THE CONSONANTS R, B, K AND GAY. 
 
 The consonants p and fr are represented by a straight 
 stroke about three-eighths of an inch in length. 
 
 B may be distinguished from p by drawing a short 
 oblique line across the phonic. 
 
 When a word is represented by a compound phonic, the 
 first part of the phonic is written in its proper position, and 
 the second part follows without regard to position, 
 bee, pay, ]>H\V, bow, peer, bear, bar, pour, peal. 
 
 ball, bowl, pale, peep, pop, ppe, bay, papal, bough. 
 
 / / ^~\ L L _ }. 
 
 K and GAY are represented by a short straight stroke, 
 about three-sixteenths of an inch in length. 
 
 GAY may ba distinguished from /,' by a short oblique line 
 drawn across the phonic, 
 kee, gav, ijo, cow, care, <JT<>\V, screed, sjreat, tjlade, close. 
 
 - - J ! - -i-r - ^ L 
 
 \ 
 keep, cape, cap, cop, cope, coop, keeper, cake, clock.
 
 40 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 KW. The sound represented by q in the English 
 orthography is equivalent tojff,w f and is represented by the 
 phonic A' with the ?/ hook attached. 
 
 PRACTICAL EXERCISE. 
 beak, bake, back, bock, poke, book, baker, poker, cable. 
 
 -1 L L 
 
 =1 ==1 L r^ \ T 
 
 maple, noble, nibble, rebel, rabble, rubber, ballast, bailment. 
 
 - * -7 !\ 7 - 
 
 paid, deep, debate, banner, barge, boat, batbe, batter, better. 
 
 bayonet, pride, proud, plod, play, parasol, present, depart 
 
 kick, kitchen, kiss, keystone, keel, kennel, cat, courage, 
 goad, case, casement, carriage, cartoon, casket, agony, coal. 
 
 ignoble. coal-ir.en v coal-mine, gold-mine, copper, gobble. 
 
 costs, coast, cautious, caution, sheep, sheepish shape, ship. 
 
 L 
 labor, squad, squid, squall, square, squeal, squash, squire, squirt. 
 
 _s= J :: f ~_L
 
 SENTENCES. 
 SKNTENCES. 
 
 41 
 
 / s,.. 
 
 ./- I.-/: 
 
 J. 
 
 r .V L 
 
 C 9.. 
 
 r ) 
 
 
 ..Q .... 
 
 Translation. 
 
 BusioJ with public affairs, the council would sit for hours 
 smokinjr and watching the smoke curl from their pipes to the 
 ceiling. In that calm syriaa afternoon, memory, a pensive
 
 42 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 Ruth, went gleaning the silent fields of childhood, and 
 found the scattered grain still golden, and the morning sun- 
 light *fresh and fair. Dying for a principle is a higher degree 
 of virtue than scolding for it. If ever you saw a crow with 
 a king-bird after him, you have an image of a dull speaker 
 and a lively listener. It is true that the glorious sun pours 
 down his golden flood as cheerily on the poor man's cottage as 
 on the rich man's palace. When a man becomes overheated 
 by working, running, rowing or making furious speeches, the 
 six or seven millions of perspiration tubes pour out their fluid 
 and the whole body is bathed and cooled. The men whom 
 men respect, the women whom women approve, are the men 
 and women who bless their species. Sweet was the sound, 
 when oft, at evening's close, up yonder hill the village 
 murmur rose ; there, as I passed with careless steps and slow, 
 the mingling notes came softened from below. 
 
 "Complete sh by supplying the sh hook. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 EXPEDIENTS. 
 
 The vowel I and the diphthong 01, as well as phonics in 
 which these sounds occur, may be written upward occasionally 
 when it is desired to give a more distinct vocalization to a 
 word. 
 
 Ohio, admire, rely, realize, July, toy, buy, coy, <k-stri>y. 
 
 2. 2* 
 
 -^ 
 
 When it is desired to indicate clearly the position of the 
 vowel in a word, it may be done by separating the vowel from 
 the consonant by drawing a short line through tin; phonic.
 
 PREFIXES. 43 
 
 ape, ach<?, rock, leak, hope, seek, eager, e^ual, pay. 
 
 V 
 
 PREFIXES. 
 
 COM and CON arc indicated by a short shaded mark, 
 written obliquely downward to the right or the left. 
 
 comply, complin, comprehend. contain, condone, confuse, confound. 
 
 A - I \. 
 
 The prefix CONTRA is represented by a short heavy mark, 
 written in a horizontal or a vertical direction. 
 
 contradict, contract, contributory, contravene, controversy. 
 
 EX is represented by a small tick written obliquely down- 
 ward to the right, or upward to the left. 
 
 exert, exalt, extort, express, exhaust, exist, exchange. 
 
 ? V ^ ^ 
 J ' ^-^ ^... 
 
 The indefinite vowel is used to represent ci 9 (ttt or ami, 
 and the tfl tick to represent they or the, at the beginning 
 or the end of a word. When the sir circle is used as a final 
 it becomes tr # and represents U'CI8 
 
 inav tlnj, a man. the man, they were, nsk a, ask the.
 
 44 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 hearing a, hearing the, wearing a, wearing <lio, he was. 
 
 \ "-v -, 
 
 . ........................ ' ......................... ?>M ...................... ^. ...................... .!?.._ 
 
 there was, thre is, that is, that was, was that. 
 
 The word which is often indicated by the ch(lj/ hook 
 at the beginning or end of a word. SJlOiltrf U often indi- 
 cated by shading the ,s/f hook. 
 
 of which, for which, which I, which lie, which it, whicli had. 
 
 P <- r- 
 
 itli which, which would, would we, we will, we were, are we. 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 "1 .......... 3 ..... ">r 
 
 were we, what we, will have, I shall he, I wish. 
 
 3 ^ ^ - J 
 
 I will, who will, should not. 
 
 r 
 
 Two words written closely together indicates that the words 
 of or to is to be understood as coming between them. 
 Several words are frequently joined together in a phrase 
 without lilting the \&n from the paper. 
 
 The vowel OO, or any phonic containing that vowel, when 
 commenced on the line, takes the sound of tt. 
 
 The dash is indicated by a short, horizontal, wavy line. 
 Applause is indicated by a short, vertical, wavy Hue.
 
 PRACTICAL EXERCISE. 
 
 PRACTICAL EXERCISE. 
 SENTENCES. 
 
 45 
 
 
 ~T~ 
 
 1 
 
 " i^ 3 
 
 ILd. 
 
 ^ -' t 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 /..
 
 46 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 Translation, 
 
 I solemnly declare and I do not speak unadvisedly 
 that the measures adopted by the passage of this resolution 
 will hasten the dissolution of the union. When we carefully 
 consider what appeals to our minds, and exercise upon it our 
 own reason taking into respectful consideration what others 
 say upon it and then come to a conclusion of our own, we 
 act as intelligent beings. Pope skimmed the cream of good 
 sense and expression wherever he could find it. It is one of 
 the most marvelous facts in the natural world, that, though hy- 
 drogen is highly inflammable, and oxygen is a supporter of com- 
 bustion, both combined form an element, water, which is 
 destructive to fire. Commend me to the preacher who has 
 learned by experience what are human ills and what is human 
 wrong. Good name in man and woman, my dear Lord, is the 
 immediate jewel of their souls. Who steals my purse steals 
 trash; 'tis something, nothing; 'twas mine, 'tis his, and has 
 been slave to thousands ; but he that filches from me my good 
 name, robs me of that which not enriches him, and makes 
 me poor indeed. The little birds at morning dawn, clothed in 
 warm coats of feather, conclude that they away will roam to 
 seek for milder weather.
 
 DEATH OP LITTLE NELL. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 DEATH OF LITTLE NELL. 
 /1-IllL.L. L1..L. .^,_,1 
 
 47 
 
 .1. 
 
 ' 
 
 v^ ( 

 
 48 
 
 BRAKIGRAFHY. 
 
 r 
 
 SEIE 
 
 a- C_ 
 
 -/- 
 
 L.k.../. 
 
 ..A. 
 
 2 ~}
 
 DEATH OF LITTLE NELL. 
 
 49 
 
 T'f 
 
 2 
 
 ]\ 
 
 V 
 
 /I 
 
 
 >_ ' V, L.: r. ! r 
 
 * 
 . > 
 
 
 
 .> '..^...ry.; 
 
 .f Li 
 
 
 "C
 
 50 
 
 BRAKiaUAT'IIY. 
 
 1 
 
 S 
 
 ..?....) 
 
 r ) 
 
 
 -U ^....bk 
 
 \ . / 
 
 JLI ddZJLZ 
 
 ( 
 
 9-. j,. 2 
 
 T 
 
 E 
 
 J ( 
 
 1 S... 1. 
 
 <} t 
 
 L.L 
 
 .! ,S,....^Z 
 
 1 ) 
 
 , c _... 
 
 "^ ? ( ) 
 
 - t.
 
 DEATH OF LITTLE NELL. 51 
 
 DEATH OF LITTLE NELL. 
 
 KOTE. The following exercise should be copied over and over 
 until the entire exercise can be written from dictation at a speed 
 of, at least, one hundred words per minute. 
 
 She was dead. No sleep so beautiful and calm, so free 
 from trace of pain, so fair to look upon. She seemed a 
 creature fresh from the hand of God, and waiting for the 
 breath of life; not one who hadjived and suffered death. Her 
 couch was dressed with here and there some winter-berries 
 and green leaves, gathered in a spot she had been used to 
 favor. " When I die, put near me something that has loved 
 the light, and had the sky above it always." Those were her 
 words. 
 
 She was dead Dear, gentle, patient, noble Nell was dead. 
 Her little bird, a poor, slight thing, which the pressure of a 
 finger would have crushed, was stirring nimbly in its cage; 
 and the strong heart of its child-mistress was mute and mo- 
 tionless forever. Where were the traces of her early cares, 
 her sufferings, and fatigues ? All gone. Sorrow was dead, 
 indeed, in her; but peace and perfect happiness were born 
 imaged in her tranquil beauty and profound repose. And 
 still her former self lay there unaltered in this change. 
 
 Yes ; the old fireside had smiled upon that same sweet 
 face, which had passed, like a dream, through haunts of 
 misery and care. At the door of the poor school-master on 
 the summer evening, before the furnace-fire upon the cold 
 wet night, at the same still bedside of the dying boy, there 
 had been the same mild, lovely look. 
 
 The old man took one languid arm in his, and held the 
 small hand to his breast for warmth. It was the hand she 
 had stretched out to him with her last smile, the hand that 
 had led him on through all their wanderings. Ever and anon 
 he pressed it to his lips ; then hugged it to his breast again, 
 murmuring that it was warmer now; and, as he said it, he
 
 52 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 looked in agony to those who stood around, as if imploring 
 them to help her. 
 
 She was dead, and past all help or need of it. The ancient 
 rooms she had seemed to fill with life, even while her own was 
 waning fast, the garden she had tended, the eyes she had glad- 
 dened, the noiseless haunts of many a thoughtful hour, the 
 paths she had trodden, as it were, but yesterday, could know 
 her no more. 
 
 She had been dead two days. They were all about her at 
 the time, knowing that the end was drawing on. She diei 
 soon after daybreak. They had read and talked to her in 
 the earlier portion of the night, but, as the hours crept on, 
 she sunk to sleep. They could tell, by what she faintly ut- 
 tered in her dreams, that they were of her journcyings with 
 the old man ; they were of no painful scenes, but of those who 
 had helped and used them kindly ; for she often said, " God 
 bless you !" with great fervor. Waking, she never wandered 
 in her mind but once ; and that was at beautiful music which 
 she said was in the air. God knows. It may have been. 
 
 Opening her eyes at last from a very quiet sleep, she 
 begged that they would kiss her once again. That done, she 
 turned to the old man, with a lovely smile upon her face, 
 such, they said, as they had never seen, and never could 
 forget and clung with both arms about his neck. They did 
 not know that she was dead at first. 
 
 She had spoken very often of the two sisters, who, she said, 
 were like dear friends to her. She wished they could be told 
 how much she thought about them, and how she had watched 
 them as they walked together by the river-side. She would 
 like to see poor Kit, she had often said of late. She wished 
 there was somebody to take her love to Kit, and even then 
 she never thought or spoke about him but with something of 
 her old, clear, merry laugh. 
 
 For the rest, she had never murmured or complained ; but, 
 with a quiet mind, and manner quite unaltered, save that
 
 DEATH OF LITTLE NELL. 53 
 
 she every day became more earnest and more grateful to them, 
 she faded like the light upon the summer's evening. 
 
 The child who had been her little friend came there, 
 almost as soon as it was day, with an offering of dried flowers, 
 which he asked them to lay upon her breast He begged hard 
 to see her, saying that he would be very quiet, and that they 
 need not fear his being alarmed, for he sat alone by his 
 younger brother all day long when he was dead, and had felt 
 glad to be so near him. 
 
 They let him have his wish ; and, indeed, he kept his 
 word ; and was, in his childish way, a lesson to them all. Up 
 to that time the old man had not spoken once, except to her 
 or stirred from the bedside. But, when he saw her little 
 favorite, he was moved as they had not seen him yet, and 
 made as though he would have come nearer. 
 
 Then, pointing to the bed, he burst into tears for the first 
 time; and they who stood by, knowing that the sight of this 
 child had done him good, left them alone together. Soothing 
 him with his artless talk of her, the child persuaded him to 
 take some rest, to walk abroad, to do almost as he desired him. 
 And when the day came on which they must remove her in 
 her earthly shape from earthly eyes forever, he led him away, 
 that he might not know when she was taken from him. 
 
 And now the bell the bell she had so often heard by 
 night and day, and listened to it with solemn pleasure, almost 
 as a living voice rung its remorseless toll for her, so young, 
 so beautiful, so good. Decrepit age, and vigorous life, and 
 blooming youth, and ^helpless infancy, poured forth on 
 crutches, in the pride of health and strength, inj the full 
 blush of promise, in the mere dawn of life to gather round 
 her tomb. 
 
 Old men were there, whose eyes were dim and senses fail- 
 ing; grandmothers, who might have died ten years ago and 
 still been old; the deaf, the blind, the lame, the \ palsied, the 
 Hv'mg dead, in many shapes and forms, were there, to see the
 
 54 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 closing of that early grave. Along the crowded path they 
 bore her now, pure as the newly-fallen snow that covered it, 
 whose day on earth had been as fleeting. 
 
 Under that porch, where she had sat when Heaven in its 
 mercy brought her to that peaceful spot, she passed again ; 
 and the old church received her in its quiet shade. They 
 carried her to an old nook, where she had many and many 
 a time sat musing, and laid their burden softly on the pave- 
 ment. The light streamed on it through the colored window, 
 a window where the bows of trees were ever rustling in 
 the summer, and where the birds sang sweetly all day long. 
 With every breath of air that stirred among those branches in 
 the sunshine, some trembling, changing light would fall upon 
 her grave. 
 
 Earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust ! Many a young 
 hand dropped in its little wreath ; many a stifled sob was 
 heard. Some and they were not a few knelt down. All 
 were sincere and truthful in their sorrow. The service done, 
 the mourners stood apart, and the villagers closed round to 
 look into the'grave before the stone should be replaced. 
 
 One called to mind how he had seen her sitting on that very 
 spot, and how her book had fallen on her lap, and she was 
 gazing with a pensive face upon the sky. Another told how 
 he had wondered much that one so delicate as she should be 
 so bold ; how she had never feared_to enter the church alone 
 at night, but had loved to linger there when all was quiet, 
 and even to climb the tower-stair with no more light tllau 
 that of the moon-rays stealing through the loopholes in the 
 thick old walls. 
 
 A whisper went about among the oldest there that she had 
 seen and talked with angels ; and, when they called to mind 
 how she had looked and spoken, and her early death, some 
 thought it might be so indeed. Thus coming to the grave 
 in little knots, and glancing down, and giving place to others, 
 and falling off in whispering groups of three or four, the
 
 DEATH OP LITTLE NELL. 55 
 
 church was cleared in time of all but the sexton and the 
 mourning friends. 
 
 Then, when the dusk of evening had come on, and not a 
 sound disturbed the sacred stillness of the place, when the 
 bright moon poured in her light on tomb and monument, on 
 pillar, wall and arch, and most of all, it seemed to them, upon 
 her quiet grave, in that calm time when all outward things 
 and inward thought teem with assurances of immortality, and 
 worldly hopes and fears are humbled in the dust before them, 
 then, with tranquil and submissive hearts, they turned 
 away, and left the child with God. Dickens.
 
 CIRCULAR AND TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 The gie it superiority of Brakigraphy ovcr'thc old systems of 
 short hand has been fully demonstrated during the past year, 
 the majority of our own students having learned to write in a 
 six months' course, at a speed varying from 100 to 150 words 
 per minute, and to read their notes at sight. 
 
 During the year we obtained situations for twenty-seven 
 students, and between twenty and thirty secured positions for 
 themselves, making in all over fifty who commenced, com- 
 pleted tl e r course, and put their^ knowledge to practical use 
 within the year. Students of the old systems are forced to 
 acknowledge that such a degree of proficiency cannot be 
 attained by them; and the question naturally suggests itself, 
 whether it would not be wise on their part to drop a system 
 which they can neither write nor read, and take up one in 
 which they can have assurance of success. 
 
 A well-known manufacturer of Pittsburgh in a conversation 
 lately, remarked to] the author that, having advertised for a 
 stenographer, he had four applicants who us)d one o r the old 
 systems. Three of the applicants had from two to three 
 years' experience, but they were all rejected, because, when 
 called upon, they could not read their own writing. We have 
 no hesitation in saying that not one of the fifty of our students 
 who took situations last year, will ever be discharged for that 
 cause. 
 
 For the benefit of those who have been wearing out their 
 brains for years in a vain endeavor to master the arbitrary
 
 58 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 signs of the old systems, while our students master Braki- 
 graphy and a'ccept situations in a few months, we publish 
 letters from some of them, regretting that want of space 
 obliges us to curtail the number. 
 
 It is a note-worthy fact, that writers of Brakigraphy being 
 able to read their notes at sight, and consequently able to 
 perform a large amount of work in a day, command much 
 higher salaries than writers of the old systems, who lose at 
 least half their time endeavoring to decipher their writing. 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTION. 
 
 The " Elements of Brakigraphy" has been prepared espec- 
 ially to meet the want of those who have not the means to 
 take a course of instruction under a teacher. 
 
 No person of ordinary education and facility with the pen, 
 need have any fears of failure to learn from this little book, 
 provided he has energy sufficient to carry through successfully 
 any ordinary project of life. In this book is embodied the 
 experience of two years of successful teaching; and the lessons 
 are presented in precisely the same form as those given by 
 mail to students at a distance. The student will find that 
 very little mental labor is required after the first chapter has 
 been thoroughly mastered; and the rapidity of his progress will 
 depend for the most part on his application to practice. 
 
 Unlike the old arbitrary systems, Brakigraphy is a science, 
 and the student perceives a reason for every step in his progress ; 
 and as his ability to record the exact words of a speaker 
 increases, the fascination of the study increases to such an 
 extent that he is frequently tempted to neglect other duties in 
 order to devote more time to it. 
 
 In order that it may be within reach of all, the price of the 
 "Elements of Brakigraphy" has been fixed at one dollar, 
 which, considering the heavy expense of the engraving, is 
 very low.
 
 CIRCULAR. 59 
 
 PITTSBURGH COLLEGE OF SHORT-HAND. 
 
 To those who desire to prepare themselves for the actual 
 business of reporting in the shortest time possible, our school 
 offers superior advantages. 
 
 The course of instruction embraces a thorough drill in 
 rapid reading and writing, criticism, the proper forms for 
 captions of legal documents, preparing copy for the printer, 
 punctuation, letter writing, and, in short, everything necessary 
 to fit the stenographer for a successful performance of the 
 duties of any branch of the profession. 
 
 Within a few years type writing has become an almost 
 indispensable adjunct to stenography for the speedy transcrip- 
 tion of short-hand notes, and students receive careful instruc- 
 tion therein. Our school is supplied with a number of 
 Remington type-writers, of which students have the use until 
 they become proficient. 
 
 We do not guarantee to procure situations for students, but, 
 having many applications for stenographers from business 
 firms, we always fill such situations with our best students. 
 
 We have no classes. Each student has a lesson assign- 
 ed to him individually, the principles of which are fully 
 explained and, after a thorough oral drill, he is required to 
 take the lesson to his home or room, and practice writing it 
 until the principles are indelibly impressed upon his memory, 
 when he is ready for another lesson. 
 
 The charge for the entire course (time unlimited), including 
 instruction on the type-writer, and in everything necessary to 
 make a first-class stenographer, is thirty dollars in advance. 
 This is the cheapsst course a student can take, as there are no 
 restrictions to it, the student being at liberty to stop when 
 interrupted with other business, and resume again at pleasure. 
 
 For the benefit of those who have not the means to pay for 
 the entire course in advance, we have made a special arrange- 
 ment, which includes the same instruction as the former, but
 
 60 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 the student is not at liberty to lose time, unless at his own ex- 
 pense. The charge for instruction in this way is five dollars 
 per month in advance. To students at a distance, a thorough 
 knowledge of short-hand will be given by mail for the same 
 price. Many successful reporters have been made in this way. 
 
 The charge for a single lesson is one dollar. 
 
 Type- writer instruction without short-hand is five dollars 
 per month in advance. This entitles the student to nine 
 hours practice per week, and careful instruction in the opera- 
 tion and care of the instrument. 
 
 Teachers of Brakigraphy supplied with circulars, books, 
 paper, pens, etc., at cost. 
 
 EMPLOYMENT AND SALARIES. 
 
 Stenographers are extensively employed by the Courts 
 throughout the United States, by Congress and the Legisla- 
 tures of the different States, by lawyers, clergymen, railroad 
 companies, telegraph companies, express companies, mercantile 
 and manufacturing firms, insurance companies and agencies, 
 commercial agencies in short, wherever there is much writing 
 to do, and economy of time necessary, stenographers are 
 employed. 
 
 Stenographers who use Brakigraphy generally begin on 
 salaries ranging from $40 to $60 per month, and, as they 
 acquire experience, their salaries are increased until they reach 
 $125, or more, per month. Stenographers of experience, 
 who engage in law reporting, make from $3,000 to $6,000 
 per annum. 
 
 We are in constant receipt of letters of inquiry concerning 
 short-hand, and have endeavored to answer them in this 
 circular. Should anyone, however, desire information not 
 already answered, he is cordially invited to call upon or address 
 the author at the Germania Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
 
 TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 From tlie Pittsburgh Telegraph. 
 
 Mr. John T. Porter is the oldest short-hand reporter in Pitts- 
 burgh, and has had a very large experience in the Courts. * * * 
 Hi-; system of short-band ifl unique; by its use a saving of thirty 
 per cent, is effected over the " Graham," which hitherto has been 
 considered the most abbreviated svstem extant. 
 
 From the Pittsburgh Post. 
 
 The merits of Brakigraphy are that it is so simple in construc- 
 tion as to be easily understood, easily remembered, and can be 
 written with the rapidity of speech, without extraordinary effort 
 bv the short-hand writer. 
 
 From the Pittsburgh Sunday Leader. 
 
 * * * * * This system of short-hand, termed Brakigraphy, 
 has the merit of being BO plain and simple that it is easily acquired 
 by any person of ordinary intelligence. 
 
 From the Pittsburgh Legal Journal. 
 
 Edited by E. Y. BRECK, Official Stenographer of Common 
 Pleas Court No. 1. 
 
 Mr. Porter's work will meet the demand for a system of short- 
 hand capable of being used in ordinary business transactions. 
 Being founded upon the vowels, instead of the consonants, as in 
 other systems, it is so legible that stenographers using it can readily 
 read each others note 5 ; and so brief that the author claims it 
 exceeds in speed, by almost one-third, the most rapid of the old 
 systems. Many young men who began the study of the art under 
 Mr. Porter's tutelage a few months ago, are now filling situations 
 as stenographic correspondents in this city and elsewhere. 
 
 The author has been long and favorably known as an accom- 
 plished stenographer of the Graham and Pitman schools, and the 
 fact that he now writes his own system with greater ease and 
 speed, and increased legibility, is an excellent recommendation of 
 its worth. 
 
 Mr. J. T. PORTER, Es<i , Dear Sir: I have made a somewhat 
 critical examination of your system of short-hand writing, called 
 Brakigraphy, and must say that upon a comparison of it with the 
 
 6
 
 62 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 several systems of Phonography now in general use, I find it is 
 from twenty-five to thirty per cent, shorter ; and in the matter of 
 legibility it is superior to any system of short-hand extant. 
 
 Your admirable classification of the elementary sounds of the 
 language will undoubtedly divest the study of the art of many of 
 its disagreeable features, one of which is the tediousness incident 
 to committing to memory long lists of arbitrary word-signs. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 GEO. B. LIPPINCOTT, 
 Official Stenographer, Common Pleas No. 1, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 After a careful examination of Brakigraphy, I am able to say 
 that I believe it surpasses in speed and legibility any of the old 
 systems now in use. It is founded upon an entirely new theory, 
 and answers perfectly the demand of the times for a system of 
 short-hand writing, easy to learn, easy to read, and easily 
 written. 
 
 W. A. SCHMIDT, 
 Court Stenographer, Office 139 Fourth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 After examining the system of Brakigraphy, or phonic short* 
 hand, I find that it is'an improvement over the old systems. Mr- 
 Porter has proven conclusively that a system built upon vowels 
 instead of consonants is more easily learned, and that greater 
 speed is acquired. Beginners now in his system have not the 
 difficulties to encounter that we older stenographers had when we 
 began our studies. There have been many improvements in the 
 art of short-hand writing, but all the late system were founded 
 more or less on the^earlier efforts of phonographic authors and I 
 congratulate the author of Brakigraphy that he has had the 
 courage to turn aside from the well beaten path. 
 
 A. E. LUTY, 
 Stenographer of the Dispatch, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 I might be appropriately denominated a Brakigraphical en" 
 thusiast. While studying Brakigraphy J was closely occupied in 
 in a school room during the day, and had only my evenings to 
 devote to practice, and as may be inferred my mind was less bright 
 after teaching all day than it would have been had my occupation 
 been less laborious. After precisely six months' study, I found 
 that I could write 100 words per minute with perfect ease. 
 
 Miss CARRIE V. YOUNG, 
 Stenographer for the "Iron Age," Office 77 Fourth Ave., 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa.
 
 TESTIMONIALS. 63 
 
 After studying Brakigraphy for seven months, I was able to 
 write about 100 words per minute on an average, and accepted a 
 position where I am putting it to practical use. 
 W. J. FLEMING, 
 
 Stenographer for the P., C. & St. L. Railway Co., 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 After studying Brakigruphy for about four months, I was able 
 to write about from 75 to 80 words per minute. For rapidity, 
 legibility, and the case with which it is learned, it is undoubtedly 
 the best system of short-hand now in use. 
 
 W. H. STURGEON, JR., 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 At a very low estimate I could write 100 words per minute after 
 devoting four hours per day for five months to the study of Braki- 
 graphy. 
 
 Miss IDA E. BARNES, 
 
 Independent Stenographer, Office 136 Fifth Ave., 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 I have studied Brakigraphy, and take pleasure in commending 
 it to all who may have a desire to acquire a knowledge of this 
 useful :irt. 
 
 JAMES H. YOUNG, 
 Stenographer for Paine, Ablett & Co., Limited 
 
 I was at one time a student of Pitman's system of short-hand, 
 but having learned to write Brakigraphy, can truthfully say that 
 1 consider it much superior to any system of short hand that I 
 have ever examined. Six months of study and practice have 
 enabled me to put it to practical use in taking depositions, etc. It 
 is speedy, accurate and easily read, and altogether I am delighted 
 with it. 
 
 S. C. CLARK, 
 Attorney at Law, Washington, Pa. 
 
 I took lessons in Brakigraphy between six and seven months, 
 devoting about four hours per day to its study and could then 
 write 115 words per minute. 
 
 Miss SADIE E. HILDERBRAND, 
 Stenographer for S. S. Marvin & Co , Liberty St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 I have taken instructions in Brakigraphy from you for about 
 li ve months, and can now write 120 words per minute, and have 
 noditik-nltv whatever in reading it. To an vone desiring to reach
 
 64 BRAKIQRAPHY. 
 
 competency in this profession, your system offers superior advan- 
 tages in simplicity, legibility and rapidity. 
 
 Kecommending Brakigraphy to all who desire to become pro- 
 ticient in this beautiful art, 
 
 I am, yours very truly, 
 
 L. G. GARRETT, 
 Stenographer for the Pittsburgh Fire Arras Co. 
 
 Dear Sir. It may be interesting to you to know how I am 
 succeeding with Brakigraphy. I have been practicing at home 
 a few months, andean write 130 words per minute, and 1 entertain 
 the very highest opinion of its merits. 
 
 W. B. DUVALL, 
 Groom Station, Prince George's Co., Maryland. 
 
 After having studied Graham's system of short-hand for some 
 time, I was induced to take up Brakigraphy, and have found it 
 much more easily learned. One of its many advantages is the 
 absence of the long lists of arbitrary word-signs found in the old 
 systems. 
 
 w. K. MCELROY, 
 
 Car Accountant Office, Allegheny Valley R. R,, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 After studying your system of short-hand for about four months, 
 I found that I could write 120 words per minute. 
 
 Miss BERTIE F. CAMPBELL, 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., 
 Stenographer for Paine, Ablett & Co., Limited. 
 
 J. T. PORTER, Esq. Dear Sir : I believe my fourth month has 
 about expired. * * * 1 have been sick a great part of the 
 time, and our business has been unusually good this fall, in conse- 
 quence of which I have been very busy. However, I am able to 
 write about 70 words per minute, and I feel confident that if I 
 could have devoted from two to four hours each day, during the 
 past four months to the study of your system, I could by this time 
 have reached a speedof 100 words per minute. I remain, 
 
 Yours very respectfully, 
 
 E. H. LEIZURE, 
 
 McKeosport, Pa. 
 
 J Jiavc studied Brakigraphy between live and six months, and 
 can write 135 words per minute. Its simplicity and its ease of 
 comprehension make it a delightful study. 
 
 A person's evenings cannot be spent more profitably, nor yet 
 more pleasantly than in its practice. 
 
 C. 0. SMITH, 
 Corresponding Stenographer for F. & J. Hein/., Pittsburgh, Pa.
 
 TESTIMONIALS. 65 
 
 JOHN T. I'ORTKR. Esq. Dear Sir: In January last I first 
 thought of learning short-hand, and after a preliminary examina- 
 tion of several systems, I selected yours, as it seemed to me that I 
 could sec the principle upon which it was based, which I could nut 
 then see (nor do I yet) in the old systems. I feel more than 
 pleased that I did so, as I can now, after six months' study, write 
 any matter from dictation, with a speed of 120 words per minute 
 with ease. 
 
 I cheerfully recommend your system as being easily understood, 
 and easily acquired by anyone with application, and as being easily 
 read when acquired. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 CHARLES M. SOUTH, 
 
 Stenographer for the P., F. W. & C. R. II. Co. 
 Mr South is but fourteen rears of age. 
 
 1 studied Braldgraphy under Mr. Porter's tuition for about six 
 months. On a test I was able to write 150 words per minute. 
 Its simplicity, its one style of writing and its lack of word-signs 
 make it easy to learn. 
 
 A. E. B. ANDERSON, 
 Corresponding "Stenographer for the Elba Iron and Bolt Co. 
 
 Limited, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 I studied Brakigraphy a little over five months. At the expi- 
 ration of that time I could write 130 words per minute As a 
 profession, I think short-hand writing ranks highest among those 
 selected by women and would recommend it to all who yet have a 
 choice to make. Brakig'aphy is I think, the best system of short- 
 band extant, and is at the same time the most scientific, shortest, 
 and easiest to comprehend. 
 
 Miss MARY B DAVIS, 
 Stenographer for Census Bureau, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Having lust my right arm a few years ago, I was tempted to 
 advance my position in life, and took up Porter's system of short- 
 hand, and after taking lessons from Mr. Porter about four months 
 1 could write 120 words per minute very nicely. I take pleasure 
 in recommending Brakigraphy to the' public as the very best 
 system extant. I am at present employed by the P. R. 11. Co. 
 
 O. A. HOLLINGSWORTH. 
 
 JOHN T. POKTER, Esq. Dear Sir: Mr. \V 7 alker came in a few 
 minutes since, and, as he often does, began to dictate a letter very 
 rapidly. I had no paper at hand except a blank pad, upon which 
 I took the letter. I enclose the original notes and transcription
 
 66 BRAKIGRAPHY. 
 
 of same. Can this be done by stenographers of short experience 
 using the old systems ? 
 
 I have never had the slightest difficulty in transcribing mv 
 notes, although sometimes written with a "stub" pen. I can 
 average over 125 words per minute on general work for any length 
 of time, and took a sermon a few weeks since at an average speed 
 of 138 words n minute; speed reaching at times 1G6 words a 
 minute, and transcribed same. 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 H. C. 'WEBSTER, 
 Stenographer for the Union Forge and Iron Co., Limited, 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 After studying your system of short-hand about four months, I 
 was able to write about 120 words per minute. I have finished 
 and am tilling a pleasant position. 1 like my work, and think it 
 is certainly the most suitable occupation open to ladies. 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 Miss BIRDIE WESTERVELT, 
 
 Stenographer for Hussey, Binns & Co. 
 
 After six months study of your system I am enabled t<> take 
 down 125 words per minute readily. I heartily recommend it to 
 those desiring to acquire the art in a comparatively short time. 
 Yours, etc., 
 
 OSCAR L. KLEBER, 
 
 122 Wood St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 1 take pleasure in testifying to the superiority of your system 
 of stenography. After having studied it but six months J war- 
 able to write 120 words per minute of anything, which, I think 
 could not have been accomplished in so short a space of time by 
 studying any of the older systems. 
 
 I am respectfully, 
 
 KOLLY KLEBER, 
 
 122 Wood St , Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Having taken personal instruction in Brakigraphy, 1 tind after 
 live months' study and practice, averaging three hours per day, I 
 can at a low estimate write 100 words per minute. I take pleasure 
 in adding my name to your fast filling list of testimonials in a 
 system of short-hand which must shortly be accorded the front 
 rank by all Stenographers -a place to which it is justly entitled. 
 
 For speed, legibility, and the case with which it is acquired, it 
 certainly surpasses all others. 
 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 Miss BERTHA E. YOUNG.
 
 PRACTICAL EXERCISES 
 
 BRAKIGRAPHY 
 
 JOIIX T. PORTER, 
 
 PITTSBURGH, PA. 
 
 A book supplementing the principles developed in the 
 " Elements of Brakigraphy," with exhaustive practice in 
 actual business reporting, such as deeds, mortgages, articles 
 of agreement, testimony, specifications for buildings and 
 patents, letter writing, etc. To ensure accurate work in any 
 branch of reporting, it is absolutely necessary that the steno- 
 grapher should have some experience in that branch before 
 undertaking it. The surest and quickest way to gain this 
 experience is by confining his practice to the subject matter 
 of his future work, instead of desultory practice on miscel- 
 laneous subjects. 
 
 Sent postpaid to any address on receipt of price, $2.00. 
 
 GERMANIA BANK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA,
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 Form L9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444 
 
 itsrn: of 
 
 AT 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 Z56 forcer 
 P85e Elements of 
 
 A 000573688 
 
 Z56 
 
 P83e