HE )F LIGHT \ . B . GIFT OF THE TREE OF LIGHT THE TREE OF LIGHT BY JAMES A. B. SCHERER NEW YORK THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY PUBLISHERS COPYEIGHT, 1921, BY THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY TO MY WIFE 464604 PREFACE The first national hero of English- speaking peoples is Caradoc, son of Shakspeare's Cymbeline. He lived five hundred years before King Arthur, and his story is just as romantic. English lit- erature is rich in the treatment of Arthur, while the only literary treatment of Car- adoc is a quaint dramatic poem by Wil- liam Mason. Tradition tells us that Car- adoc met Paul while in Rome, and after- ward brought us our Christmas. He is also traditionally associated, albeit in con- flict, with the British Druids and their practice of human sacrifice. The present writer became interested in his story through reading a pamphlet about him by Edward Hicks, published at Birmingham in 1906, and based on the Roll of John Rous. To that pamphlet this tale is espec- ially indebted, as well as to the Annals of Tacitus and in a different fashion The 9 10 PREFACE Golden Bough of Sir J.G. Frazer. Very slight is our actual knowledge of Caradoc. We do know that he was simple, brave, human. "The Tree of Light" is fiction, based on a fairly sound tradition. It is a greatly amplified version of the short story, "How Christmas Came into Eng- land," published in the Christmas number of Scribner's Magazine for 1909, and copyrighted by Charles Scribner's Sons. I wish to thank the Messrs. Scribner for permission to use in this volume the two drawings they had made by Frank Craig for the original story. For the name of the book I am indebted to Mrs. Julia Crawford Ivers. JAMES A. B. SCHERER. CONTENTS CHAPTER I THE ALTAR UNDER THE OAK .... II CARADOC IN ROME 47 III NEPTUNE'S FEAST 73 IV SATURNALIA AND YULETIDE .... 99 ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE "Keep thou to thy oaks and thy mistletoe !" . 40 (From a drawing by Frank Craig.) "A white-haired prisoner from Palestine" . . 57 (From a painting by Rembrandt.) "He told them the story of the manger" . .117 (From a drawing by Frank Craig.) The first Christmas tree 123 (From a photograph by Isabel Mosher.) THE ALTAR UNDER THE OAK THE TREE OF LIGHT Many great men have come out of old Warwickshire. Shakspeare is the most famous of these, yet one perhaps equally great wrought there a work for the world fifteen centuries before he was born. The Stratford poet was ever a delver in old buried facts, which he overlaid with in- numerable fancies, and you may find in his books a fanciful story of Cymbeline, or Cunobelin, real king of ancient Britain, and father of Caradoc. Caradoc is a hero of Warwickshire, although Shakspeare seems not to have heard of him. It is ever the world's loss that he did not, for his magic fingers would have woven a marvelous web from the strange tangled skein that has fallen to my clumsy hands. Yet here it lies, on this clear Christmas morning in Warwickshire, and though you find my handiwork labored, you may know 'tis a labor of love. THE ALTAR UNDER THE OAK King Caradoc came out with his war- men and his troop of Druidical priests to rebuild the stronghold of Warwick on a beautiful dawning of May. Warwick had been founded by "the radiant Cymbeline" in the truly radiant year when Christ was born, only to be ruined by Romans in the struggle about tribute-money, described by Shakspeare. Cymbeline, at last vic- torious, but moved by some strange whim of happiness to share his victory with the vanquished, had closed his warfare with the memorable words : "Although the victor, we submit to Caesar, And to the Roman empire, promising To pay our wonted tribute. . . . Let A Roman and a British ensign wave Friendly together. So through Lud's town march: And in the temple of great Jupiter Our peace we'll ratify." Caradoc had not been nurtured at the [19] THE TREE OF LIGHT court of the Csesars after the fashion of the nobles of his time. His nourishment had been that of freedom. That island "outside the world," as the Romans called Britain that "Neptune's Park," as Shakspeare quaintly names it; "ribbed and paled in with rocks unscalable and roaring waters" had fed in Carodoc the love of liberty and scorn of tyranny and fealty to Fair Play which is Britain's chief title to glory. The Crown Prince Adminius, his older brother, had on the other hand gone for his schooling to Rome. Just before Cym- beline died, Adminius returned from the Imperial City so much a Roman prince- ling and 'so little a British prince that the aged sovereign summoned his last strength to a deed of great wisdom and daring. In the presence of all the people he pro- nounced on Adminius the stern sentence, "A son of Rome is no son of mine," and with his own trembling hand set the crown of succession on Caradoc. The people gave tremendous acclamation, while Ad- minius, "suckling of the Roman wolf," [20] ALTAR AND OAK stole back to his dam. As he went, he swore oaths of revenge. That was a twelvemonth ago. No foreboding clouded the brightness of the young King's countenance as he came out through the forest to the rebuild- ing of Warwick on this beautiful dawning of May. That "perfect beauty and great strength" which early Britain demanded of her kings met in regal consummation in him. His lithe, erect figure, ruddy- crowned, was set off by true kingly trap- pings, revealing shrewd artifice among his jewelers, hosiers, and needlewomen. One who has ransacked the records of the musty age in which Caradoc lived de- scribes him as wearing a furred mantle of sables oved his tunic of blue, which reached to his shapely knees. Tight hosen were bound with golden cross-garterings from the middle of the calf to the ankle, where they were met by black-pointed skin shoes. Around his neck swung a massive gold torque. At his side hung a long shining sword, TrifingUiS, alive with iridescent enamel. His ruddy locks were capped by [21] THE TREE OF LIGHT a headgear of gay striped cloth, mainly scarlet. To the peak clung the golden dragon of Britain "the dragon of the Great Pendragonship." His eyes were blue and keen and fearless; his features clear cut, and his face clean shaven except for an auburn mustache growing well down on either side of a mouth at once gentle and firm, and betraying also that lurking sense of humour which is the un- failing accompaniment of both sympathy and hard common sense. Caradoc, leading his ceremonious pro- cession through tLe starlit aisles of the for- est, was followed close by an escort of tangle-haired war-men, whose long and brightly checkered woollen cloaks the primitive Highland plaids were fastened with brooches of boar's tusks. Each man carried spear and battered shield, and all wore mantles of wolf-skin. Here and there a head-piece of horns or a mitered helmet of leather marked out an officer. Their bodies and souls were their King's. Behind the warriors trooped the stately Druids, or Oak-Men: clad in clinging [22] ALTAR AND OAK robes of solid scarlet, with massy rough bands of hammered gold on wrist and ankle, and a long rough wooden staff in each right hand. Caradoc, scorning the temples of Rome, fostered this hoary cult of Druidism not because it attracted his devotion, but because it was rooted in the soil, and might be utilized for patriotic ends. The somber disciples of Taranis and Camulus came chanting their Hymn to the Dawn in low monotonous wailings as the King led on the advance through and out of the forest to the summit of a gorse- sprinkled hill, beside the "soft-flowing Avon" and, there suddenly pausing, struck his gigantic wolf -spear into the soil he had chosen for replanting the cor- ner-stone of Warwick. It was beneath the spreading branches of an oak that had been struck by light- ning, and the Druids raised a shout of raptured joy. With them the high oak was held sacred as the stern and lonely monarch of the trees, speaking the voice of their gods. [23] THE TREE OF LIGHT Instantly the Arch Druid, old Dalian, rushed forward, peering upward through the pale green boughs, while his fellows pressed about him in silence, and the chief- tains encircled the tree. "Now all the tree-tops lay asleep Like green waves on the sea, As still as in the silent deep The ocean-woods may be." But suddenly, without any warning, and as though he never had risen before, the sun shot up above the vast unbroken for- ests to eastward, and kissed the budding oak upon the hill-top, so that there ran "a little noiseless noise among the leaves" as they trembled at the touch of his rays. On the instant the eager-eyed Arch Druid, thrusting both clenched hands up- ward in highly wrought religious excite- ment, uttered a tense prolonged shriek "Qo-yeel The Mistletoe, All-Heal!* As the sunrise lit up the great tree, the searching eyes of Dalian the Arch Druid *The Druid word for mistletoe meant "All-Heal." [24] ALTAR AND OAK had discerned a branch of the mystical mistletoe growing close in against its huge trunk ; little witting that the shrewd King had found it before him, and had carefully chosen his hour. To such fanatical relig- ionists this union of omens seemed so pro- pitious that there was not a man of them but shivered to his marrow with the rap- ture of superstitious awe the stricken oak, the dawn, the mistletoe in the sixth day of the moon, the King and his corner- stone! and the cry that shrilled from their throats as they stood with uplifted clenched hands behind Dalian frightened many a squirrel from his feast of tender twigs among the tree- tops. When the cry had died down from want of breath, but before its echoes faded in the forest, the hook-nosed snow-bearded Dalian, beating himself twice upon the breast, raised his hands once more toward heaven and then shouted: "Know ye, O people of Britain, that heaven smiles on you this day! The oak is the strong unswerving god. The gods love sacrifice, and have stricken this tree [25] THE TREE OF LIGHT in his heart; but the lightning is the touch of the gods, and the sacred mistle- toe their thunder-besom. Sunrise is heav- en's smile. It is the sacred sixth day of the moon. Here see ye the holy tokens, fixed in perfect unison at the moment of mighty adventure. By the sacred An- guineum which I bear upon my breast" he wrenched it from its twisted chain of gold and held it aloft "I declare that the favor of our gods is with King Caradoc, and that Caradoc shall mightily prevail!" All the Druids chanted a loud and fer- vent "Amen," and the war-men clashed spear against shield ; while Caradoc stood, proudly smiling, beneath the beneficent tree. Dalian himself was an impressive figure, tall and tense, the sun striking fire from the curiously fashioned gold disc that formed his headgear, as well as from his golden shoulder-plates. He alone of all the Druids was clothed in white. He re- sumed his interrupted oration: "Wherefore I call on you, O Druids, while the King with his chieftains marks [26] ALTAR AND OAK out the bounds of New Warwick, to get you to your duties, which ye know so well, and build here, where the King's spear stands, an altar for fit sacrifice on this Golden Day of the Dawn." He lowered his gaunt arms, in token that his speech was now ended. Three priests pressed toward him for orders. These directions he whispered in their ears ; then held against each heart, in turn, that mystical charm of the Serpents'-Egg, or Anguineum, which ancient chroniclers describe as of "about the size of a moder- ately large round apple, having a carti- laginous rind studded with cavities like those on the arms of a polypus." Accord- ing to tradition it was aways produced from the saliva and frothy sweat of innu- merable serpents writhing in an entangled mass in the moonlight, the egg being tossed up, as soon as formed, by their hiss- ing. The divinely favored Druid who contrived, as it fell, to catch the egg-of- serpents in his sagum, or white linen apron, rode off at full speed upon horse- back, pursued by the serpents until they [27] THE TREE OF LIGHT were checked by the passage of some clear running stream. When Dalian had pressed the Anguin- eum against the breasts of the three priests in turn, they disappeared quickly in the forest : one, with a livid scar upon his face, which reached from temple to nostril, go- ing in the direction of the village of wat- tled huts whence the procession had come, and the others toward a neighboring cat- tle-pit. Meanwhile the remaining Druids, about two score in number, were hurrying to and fro in search of large stones, which they built in a surprisingly short time into a rough unplastered altar, between the oak and the sun. This done, Dalian beckoned to the chief of the saronidse, bardic instructors of youth. The winner of the circlet of gold in the last annual Tournament of Song stepped out and faced toward the sun, up- lifting the British banner of scarlet in the same hand that held his rude harp, and chanted : "O Thou strong King of Day, L